SafePort : Public transportation design amid a pandemic : Krunal Patel

IDUS 711-04 METHODS OF CONTEXTUAL RESEARCH

SPRING 2020 PROF. HARI NAIR

PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION AMID A PANDEMIC

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It’s 2020, and normalcy feels like a past life. The current coronavirus pandemic has brought nationwide lockdowns and social distancing orders. Our daily lives feel polarized. Unemployment is up; the economy is down. Skepticism is high; morale is low.

This invisible virus has hindered almost every aspect of daily life. Our group felt the urgency and relevancy of the problems arising from this pandemic, so we began exploring the pandemic and its impact.

Looking out of our windows, we noticed something. No city buses were running. This led us to wonder, what happens to public transportation in a pandemic and the people that rely on it?

Sense Intent Umbrella Question “

How can we provide a system of transport that can help the common people commute safely?

Sense Intent Secondary Question “

What can be done to stop transmission of the virus through different materials?

What can be done to minimize spread of the disease in prone areas?

Sense Intent New Opportunities “

In the current Covid-19 pandemic, the potential risk for disease infection in public places has hindered the availability of public transit. This adversely affects citizens who rely on this system.

We aim to explore the possibility of public transportation use with a decreased risk of disease contamination in order to maintain normal services.

What do we need to know?

-Transportation routes, Number of people per area of spread (of the How can we provide pandemic), safer (moder of a system of transport transport e.g.:bus) stops, that can help the -Why people rely on public common people transport, Different modes of commute safely? transportation to consider in terms of usage and type What can be done to stop transmission of the virus through different materials?

How do we create a better system of disinfection?

-how long the virus lasts on various surfaces -which materials are used in public transportation

We need to access the current system of disinfection and sanitation in public transportation.

-how a disease spreads through What can be done to different areas and the current minimize spread of preventative measures. the disease in prone - the different zones of the areas divided according to the spread of areas? the virus -the different zones of the areas How do we prevent divided according to the spread of infected people from the virus taking the public -various methods for detecting transport system? infection in the rider

Why are people -motivations and reasoning behind using or not using the users either continuing or not public transport continuing to use public transport system right now? in a pandemic.

Why do we need to know it?

To understand public transportation, in order to design a safe and efficient system

to understand the nature of disease transmission in public transport

To stop transmission of the disease in the first place

To contain the disease

to stop infected rider from entering public transport

to classify users based on their motivations

What kind of data will answer the question?

Quantitative; Qualitative

Quantitative

Quantitative; Qualitative

Qualitative

Quantitative; Qualitative

Qualitative

Where can we find the data?

What research methods should we use?

Who can we contact for access?

Secondary research Primary research

statistical analyses scholarly articles written by sociologists, behavioral scientists, online research publications interviews and surveys

A Transportation planner City councilman Bus driver

Secondary research Primary research

Secondary research of scholarly articles written by sociologists, Epidemiologists, and material science experts

Materials science expert Epidemiologist

Secondary research Primary research

Secondary research of scholarly articles and case studies Interviews with transit designers and epidemiologists

Developors of public transportation

Secondary research of data maps Primary research

Research Planning Survey, online publications and interviews and surveys

Traffic Police, Medical experts, Google Maps (popular data search)

Secondary research Primary research

Behavioral mapping Case studies Cultural probe Ethnography

From the public

Research Planning Survey; Interest Group Discussion; Research Participant map; Video Ethnography of a local bus experience

When do we need to get a hold of this data?

What will we learn from this data?

What might be missing?

Before Unit 7, May 4th

how people use public transport

barriers to alternative methods of transport

Before Unit 5, April 20th

an overview of materials and their potential to transmit disease

information on each and every material

Before Unit 5, how sanitation systems work April 20th

how sanitation systems fail

Before Unit 6, April 27th

where the disease is most concentrated

Police/ Security measures Google Maps (popular data search

Before Unit 6, April 27th

Understanding public behavior before current research on entering the bus and the affected areas inside the bus (during the journey)

Workers in hospitals, grocery stores, gas stations Bus driver

Before Unit 6, April 27th

an understanding of human behavior

the data may always be changing

other societal barriers that we aren't addressing

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Know Context Discover Develop

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Know Context Secondary Research “We can clean it all night long, but we can’t control the person who walks on the bus” Half of the samples from the soles of the ICU medical staff shoes tested positive.

Therefore, the soles of medical staff shoes might function as carriers.

SARS-CoV-2 was measured on copper after 4 hours, on cardboard after 24 hours, and on plastic and stainless steel up to 72 hours.

“Transit workers have self-quarantined because they are showing symptoms of the infection.

Absenteeism is up fourfold since the pandemic began”

Sars-Cov-2 is an enveloped virus, the easiest to kill of the three types of viruses

“While that could include creating more space for cyclists, electric bikes and electric scooters, or staggering working days to reduce the numbers traveling at rush hour, many people could be tempted by the private confines of their cars.”

Many older adults may not drive or have limited financial resources yet they need food and other lifesaving medical trips

Cleaning does not kill bacteria, viruses, or fungi, which are generally referred to as “germs.”

Know Context When humans talk, breath, cough, and sneeze, they emit different sized particles.

“Cities across the world registering some of the cleanest air in recent memory, experts worry that a rush back to cars could undo progress in fighting traffic and smog.”

Sanitizing and disinfecting products are chemicals that work by killing germs.

unreliable & unpredictable lower CO2 emissions per passenger

How

more economical for passenger

waste time waiting unsafe - theft, assault

Know Context revenue for local government reduces traffic

encourages physical activity

frees travel time for work/study

unsanitary

uncomfortable - when full no privacy

inconvenience when not running

STRENGTH

WEAKNESS

OPPORTUNITY

THREAT

increase sanitation

increase efficiency and timeliness

inclusivity

increase safety ride-sharing/shared mobility

disease outbreaks/pandemics natural disasters

depletion of fossil fuels & energy high overall CO2 emissions

CONSTITUTION

CHARACTER

◦ - Coronaviridae family in the Nidovirales order

What

◦ - Can sustain on different materials ranging form cardboard to metal, ranging form hours to days.

◦ - Crown-like spikes on the outer surface

◦ - Type of surface, the temperature of the room, and the humidity in the environment may play a role in how long the virus can survive.

◦ - size (65–125 nm in diameter)

Know Context ◦ - size ranges from 26 to 32kbs in length

- Severe, Acute, Pandemic

RELATIONSHIP

◦ It is a respiratory virus which spreads primarily through droplets generated when an infected person coughs or sneezes, or through droplets of saliva or discharge from the nose.

EFFECT

◦ - Global Lockdown, Halted Mobility

- Financial disruption, Job Losses, Remote working, Healthcare rules and regulations have altered,Critical Hospital access

SARS-CoV-2

- Tax, Trade and Regulatory factors to stabilise and manage market crash

◦ The through touch, via face, which gives the virus an entry point from your mouth, nose, or eyes.

REFLECTION

◦ Avoid touching face -

◦ Avoid going in public spaces ◦ Stay at home isolated -

- Digital transformations

SYMPTOMS - Fever

◦ - Dry Cough - Shortness of Breath

◦ Wash hands frequently -

◦ - Chest Congestion

◦ Use alchohol based sanitizer -

- Chills and Fatigue

Know People Primary Research 9

60%

Different countries

62%

respondents uses public transport for economical reasons

respondents relies on Public transport

89

respondents Online survey

34%

66%

respondents uses train

21%

respondents uses Subway

respondents uses public transport to avoid traffic

respondents are dependent on public transport

33%

respondents uses public transport of environmental reasons

35% 57%

respondents uses bus

63%

respondents use digital means to obtain transport schedule.

80%

respondents have stopped using public transport

“I feel like it is way more risky now to use public transport, but since I don’t have a car I have to use to buy groceries.”

Know People 86%

“I prefer not to use it anymore considering the lack of awareness in people around me.”

respondents do not completely trust sanitation in public transpot

96%

respondents find distancing difficult

79%

respondents don’t know if transport was frequently cleaned or not

20%

respondents prefer sitting while waiting at the stop

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Constant flow of information and lack of confirmation creates anxiety

Data Points

The form, overall aesthetic(information), and maintenance of the public transport affects the way people trust public transport

Frame insights Adaptible /agile mobility

Sanitation lacks a tangible presence, and ends up creating a distrust among people

A health crises takes a toll on the economy (increased sanitation costs, loss of labor force, stunted job growth)

Crises amplifies the stress placed on various classes and the elderly; due to lack of physical and economic independence

Final Insights

People value comfort and freedom above all

What people cannot see makes them uncertain; sanitation lacks a tangible presence

Frame insights The virus has a complicated and evolving form

People utilize the surfaces around them to their comfort, consciously or subconsciously

People are skeptical of others’ behavior when it comes to personal health

Transparency in public transport affects the way people trust it

There is a growing social norm ‘attitude’ around the distrust of public transportation, inhibiting an increase in passengers

Screening can be efficient with the help of necessary resources and cooperation of people

Constant flow of information and lack of confirmation creates anxiety

Final Insights

The security of a transit system depends on the safety of the workers

Frame insights Public transit is losing ridership to private and semiprivate transport

Visual density in the transport influences user’s perception

The current design of transit systems limits the ability to social distance

Tech advancements are re shaping transit accessibility

People feel worried when they are unable to follow adequate hygienic protocol

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Explore Concepts Strategy Develop

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Krunal Patel

Explore Concepts Jay Shah

Brittany Snyder

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Frame Solutions Develop Develop

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New transport design

Technological advancement Furniture elements

Safety measures

Interior elements

New System

Interactive

Sanitation

Hygiene measures

New system

2x2 matrix

AR/ Interactive

Driver compartment

Air ventilation

Frame Solutions System x Time

Wash basin Shoe mats

Immediate Social norm

Reward system

Copper

Contactless ticket

UI (App)

Mirrors

Kisoks

Standing stools

UV sanitation

Dispensers

Band/ Heat mapping

Separation barriers

Last cleaned message

Arm pivots

Projection mapping

Personal handles Group based

Current system

Single row seating

Sprinkler System

Long term

High Impact Separation barriers

2x2 matrix

Last cleaned message

Dispensers

Personal handles

Driver compartment

Projection mapping

Standing stools

Group based

Single row seating

Air ventilation

Frame Solutions Effort x Impact

Wash basin

Arm pivots

Low Effort

Kisoks

Reward system

Shoe mats

UI (App)

UV sanitation

Sprinkler Social System norm

Contactless ticket

Copper

AR/ Interactive

Band/ Heat mapping

Mirrors

Low Impact

High Effort

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Frame Solutions

Evaluate Solutions User Feedback 11 respondents Online survey

Station Zone 73%

respondents found the changes in the new transport system to be moderately less stressful One respondant said: “Better precautions. I can immediately wash my hands. Although for that, I will have to remove my gloves. Which means I may require a new pair. ( If I am wearing medical gloves)”

20%

respondents felt that their frequency of using public transport would increase with the changes One respondent said: “It would definitely highlight a fear of other passengers, I’m not sure if that’s good.”

Evaluate Solutions User Feedback Product Developement 100%

45%

respondents found the changes in the new transport system to be moderately less stressful

respondents felt that their frequency of using public transport would increase with the changes

One respondant said: “It makes lot more sense to have such sanitary booths and small sanitary dispensers at entry and exit points as using public transportation, it is sometimes difficult to maintain distance from one another and constantly keeping track of surroundings..”

One respondent said: “I would feel more at ease that their hands were cleaner and therefore the surfaces touched on the train likely cleaner.”

Evaluate Solutions User Feedback Coach Design 78%

73%

respondents found the changes in the new transport system to be moderately less stressful One respondant said: “I see this as the most comforting of the systems as I would feel visually protected in the highest risk area.”

respondents felt that their frequency of using public transport would increase with the changes One respondent said: “I would only feel the partitions would help me feel more at ease with other passengers if there weren’t any passengers standing in the center which is unlikely during rush hour.”

Evaluate Solutions User Feedback System Design 44%

82%

respondents found the changes in the new transport system to be moderately less stressful

82%

respondents found the system changes to be efficient

respondents felt that their frequency of using public transport would increase with the changes One respondent said: “A little less stress. Love the idea of some senior only cars but would need to ensure other passengers still have timely options.�

Evaluate Solutions User Feedback Transition Zone 82%

respondents found the changes in the new transport system to be moderately less stressful One respondant said: “I’d say less-stress. Having not used public transit at all since the pandemic started I would still feel stress using the transportation but much less knowing there are new thinks happening in the system to keep it safe.”

73%

respondents felt that their frequency of using public transport would increase with the changes One respondent said: “Care for your self and care for others is good feeling.”

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Final solution Product Develop

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Brand Identity

Logo

Logo : on products

SAFE

SAFEPORT

SAFE + TRANSPORT

SAFEPORT

TRANSPORT

Brand colors

Brand typeface ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ a b c d e f g h i j k l mn o p q r s t u v w x y z 1234567890

App Icon

Final solution Safeport Booth Turnstile Zone

Interior Modification Safeport App

Final solution Safeport Booth modular system that can be implemented in a number of variations. The vending machine supplying masks and gloves can stand alone or with an accompanying wash basin booth. One version of the booth uses its own plumbing to supply a sink, soap, and paper towels, while also offering hand sanitizer. An LED screen sits above the sink, displaying information about the transit, like when the upcoming trains were last sanitized.

The SafePort booths are based on

A more readily available wash basin stands alone without plumbing, offering solely hand sanitizer.

Another container offers wet wipes for passengers to wipe down their handrails and seats, providing a sense of ease and security. This booth also contains an LED screen with transit information.

Rendering showing Safeport Booth without Plumbing installed on subway station.

Contrast for better visual appeal

LED screen for information

Modular system: can be used separately in train

Hand sanitiser + Tissue papers

Waste bin

Safeport Module : without Plumbing

Rendering showing Safeport Booth with Plumbing installed on subway station.

Contrast for better visual appeal

LED screen for information

Modular system

Touch less wash-basin

Safeport Module : with Plumbing

Final solution Turnstile Zone The SafePort turnstile system adds a new layer of protection to the station entrance and exit, from top to bottom.

Antimicrobial shoe mats kill pathogens carried on users’ shoes, and their yellow dots provide a guide for social distancing.

Heat scanning cameras above the turnstile monitor body temperatures of incoming users. If their temperature is too high, the nearby guard will need to come and ensure the user is wearing a mask and gloves before entering.

To accompany the reward system of entering the station with a mask, nearby vending

machines at SafePort

booth are available for constant supply. Passengers can purchase gloves and masks through contact-less payment.

Sales from the vending machines go to the transit system, thus supplying another source of income to make up for the decreased ridership through the pandemic.

Rendering showing Safeport turnstile and Safeport Module vending machine installed on subway entrance.

Contrast for better visual appeal

Digital payment methods

Face Mask

Hand Gloves

Safeport Module : Vending Machine

Heat scanning

Ticket scanner

Antimicrobial shoe-mats

Floor demarcation for social distancing

Safeport Turnstile

Final solution Interior Modification encourage social distancing measures while also sanitizing the air. By clearly demarcating personal space, passengers need not worry about

With quick snap-fit wire framing, antimicrobial curtains

coming too close to a fellow rider. Yellow stickers on the floor guide those entering and exiting the vehicle in order to maintain appropriate distance.

Rendering showing Interior modification inside subway transit coach.

Anti-microbial fabric on wire frame

Physical barriers makes social distancing easier

Antimibrobial fabric partition

Specific sanitized area location for holding rail

Floor stickers for maintain distance while leaving/entering train

Social-distancing demarcations

Final solution Safeport App One step solution for all the queries about public transport !

Safeport Application : User Interface

Reward System Earn discounted rate ticket if you wear a mask !

Discussion Forum Common platform for FAQs.

Home

Menu

Last cleaned information Clear communication of sanitation and hygiene.

Digital ticket Get digital ticket or pass for contact-less traveling.

Booking

Navigation

Detailed information Get updated information about new changes.

Group system Group-based travel to prioritize senior citizens and front-line workers.

Sanitation info.

Special services

Value Propos it ion

For every person Who commutes via on-ground public transport like trains, subways, buses, trams etc. for essential and non-essential activities

Safeport offers a safer and more secure transport system by adapting the current system to the COVID-19 pandemic situation

We do this by providing sanitation facilities, spreading awareness about social distancing, reducing physical contact in services, identifying potential disease carriers, maintaining and showcasing cleanliness, providing necessary sanitary information to the users, providing a better system of personal hygiene (washbasins, mask and glove dispensers, hand sanitizer) and planning the interior of the bus to create a safer and more trustworthy environment until the user exits the station.

Unlike the current systems which are inefficient, unreliable, and do not provide assured transport and sanitation facilities.

Safeport is digitally and physically accessible to all kinds of people who wish to commute, while taking care of their health, hygiene and personal well-being.

Value Addition

Safety

Trust

from Virus

in System

Stress

Security from fellow Riders

Value Addition

Safety

Trust

from Virus

in System

Stress

Security from fellow Riders

Value Addition

Safety

Trust

from Virus

in System

Security from fellow Riders

Road map Phase 1 Phase 2 Phase 3 Phase 4 Phase 5

Low Effort High Impact

Separation barriers, Floor stickers, Booth without plumbing

Quick wins Medium Effort High Impact

App, Shoe mats, Booth with Plumbing, Turnstile

Quick wins HIgh Effort High Impact

Reward system, Vending machines

Major project HIgh Effort High Impact

Heat mapping, Contactless ticketing

Major project

Major system & Design revamp

time

New Transport system

K R U NAL PAT E L

J AY S H A H

M.A. Design for Sustainability

M.A. Design Management

B R I T TA N Y S N Y D E R M.F.A. Design for Sustainability

THANK YOU