Negotiating Sub-Arctic Coastlines-Topographic Performance

Negotiating Sub-Arctic Coastlines - Topographic Performance

Diploma 2015 AHO> Tromsø Academy of Landscape and Territorial Studies Student: Kristjan Breidfjord Svavarsson Supervisor: Mari Bergset

“The goal is to re-evaluate the site based on future threats by reflecting on security and attempting to establish a new kind of ecology, focusing mainly on two specific parts of the site while simultaneously having a strategy of topographic perfomance for the entire coastline.�

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What Is It?

WHAT> This Tromsøysund coastline is located on mainland Tromsø along the E8 European Road, over a stretch of

2.2 km

northwards from the bridge leading to the tunnels that connect the Tromsø island with the mainland.

This site has

both a natural and land-reclamation coastal edge and is divided in two by a river delta that runs through Tromsdalen and brings nutritious material down to the coast as well as trout and salmon fishing possibilities.

In an ideal world, the potential of the site is great for outdoor and maritime activities as there are good sun conditions during the summer season and the location is within walking distance from the city center.

Today, however, this site is the result of insufficient planning as it is mainly used for industrial purposes such as a garbage-sorting station, soil disposal, harbor, unused football fields as well as a cemetery.

The landfill area received the name Mandelasletta after Nelson Mandela who gave a speech at the Arctic Festival in 2005, and the area has since been used for car exhibitions and occupied by homeless people in tents or motorhomes.

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The only part of this strip that is inviting as a public space is the harbor area, and as of now the municipality’s future plan for the entire area is to build industrial- and service housing as well as recreation areas.

Here is an

opportunity to change the future function of the area by establishing a layer of flood security while at the same time reconnecting ecology and people.

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Past: 1955

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Present

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Future

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Activities

Piles

Surfaces

Edges

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Why Change It?

WHY> According to climate reports Tromsø will have troubles in the near future concerning weather conditions and the effects of poor planning can possibly increase or even cause future complications when combined with unexpected and dramatic weather changes.

One major problem that is already creating concerns is a storm surge.

This can happen when a high tide is combined with low

pressure weather resulting in the ocean flowing over the waterfront and up the river, possibly impacting a sensitive quick-clay area in the inhabited Tromsdalen.

Sites like this

can be flooded and in next 85 years the water level under these circumstances will most likely rise by over 3 meters.

Those three meters added to the water level will flow over the land and risk flooding the tunnels and other infrastructure.

Yet another concern is the composition of the land reclamation and its effect on the environment and ecosystem. The frame material for the land reclamation in this particular area consists of rock from the tunnel and other clean masses, but what is worrying is the part of the central material that is toxic and can be extracted into the sea by the forces of high and low tides.

These problems need to be solved by negotiating with the elements of nature and my goal is to use these threats as an opportunity to reshape the coastline.

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Today the waterfront is about 2 meters high

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Agency & Consequences

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Flooding can affect: sensitive mass, toxic mass & infrastructure

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0 m

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+1 m

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+2 m

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+3 m

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Quick-Clay

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Landfill

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Landfill Composition

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Tromsøysund> Has a strong tidal current and therefore large quantities of daily water replacement.

An assessment referred to in NGU’s

2005 report shows that contaminated sediments in the outer layer of the landfill was minor.

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How To Change It

HOW> The timeline of this planned negotiation will be from today through the year 2050 and conclude in 2100.

The goal is to

re-evaluate the site based on future threats by reflecting on security and attempting to establish a new kind of ecology, focusing mainly on two specific parts of the site while simultaneously having a strategy of topographic perfomance for the entire coastline.

The main strategy will be to protect the site from major catastrophic events related to climate change, such as flooding during storm surges, landslides and the effect of previous pollution in the landfill.

The intention is to

create a natural transplant into the city scape, while at the same time regarding the natural threats as an opportunity to create a strategical design that will be a viable and attractive element of the city of Tromsø, not to mention easily accessible for public use.

Green infrastructure will be constructed for pedestrians and educators alike to get closer to ecology, with water playing a major role as tidal ponds with new marine life.

By time the agency of flooding will shape the area and the established ecology of blue mussels in an artificial reef will perform as supportive cleaning actors.

In this manner we can renegotiate that which has been taken from the sea by reclamation and landfill and evolve the area into a new nature.

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The Design Hierarchy> Shows the layers of the design goals.

The bottom layer is

most important, securing and negotiating the surrounding areas by evaluating what can flood and what can not.

By establishing a new marine ecology layer, the area becomes more attractive to people and an opportunity to take advantage of a new recreational area within Tromsø becomes reality.

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The Plan> Explanation of the 2100 planned coastline.

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Timeline> The timeline of this planned negotiation will be from today through the year 2050 and conclude in 2100.

Tunnel Protection

Mandelasletta Park: the Elevated Landfill Mass (Created from East and West Landfill) Starts where the Former Coastline was.

The Toplayer is Encapsulated

Result of >3meter Storm Surge According to Estimated Predictions Displayed on Current Coastline

2015

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Full Extension of the Sewage System

2020

2030

2040

Installation of Steel Pipe S Quick Clay / Later Installat

2050

Trailing Suction Hopper Dredger: Pumps Sand to the Reclamation for the Sand Dunes

Cut & Fill Created for the Saltwater Pond

(north)

Service Infrastructure Located on the East Side of the Dune

Artificial Reef Installed & Reconnected Coastline

Cut & Fill Created for the Saltwater Pond (south)

Result of >3meter Storm Surge According to Estimated Predictions Displayed on Proposed Coastline in 2100

Sheet Piles to Strengthen the Edge of the tion of Platforms

2060

2070

2080

2090

2100

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A

A

B 37

B

0

C

25 m

50 m

Sections> A:

strategy used to protect tunnel from flooding

B:

reconnected coastline

C:

the sensitive quick-clay secured

C

0

25 m

0

50 m

25 m

50 m

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D

D

E 39

E

Sections> D:

the Bangsund pier adjusted to the dune corridor and images of surface vegetation

E:

the saltwater pond has a potential to be a habitat for different animals and plants

0

50 m

25 m

0

25 m

50 m

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F

F

G 41

G

Sections> F: landfill is secured from flooding by using a cut and fill

method - a new space is created where the former landfill

mass was located

G: the designed elevated landfill begins where the former

coastline used to be and can create a shelter from the

dominating northeast & southwest wind directions

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25 m

50 m

0

25 m

50 m

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Indicator Of Time>

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A square made of pebbles will be located on the reclamation as a habitat for the plant Cakile maritima.

The geometric shape will also work as an indicator of time because those pebbles will change after every flood, as the agency of running water shapes it.

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Saltwater pond - south

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Mandelasletta

Southern part of the dune corridor square

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The entrance to the Bangsund Pier

Design around the saltwater ponds

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Reconnected coastline

Reconnected coastline - low tide

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Thank You For Listening

References 1

*Photo Privately Owned

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*Photo Privately Owned

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*Seasonal Wheel Graphic Based On http://www.yr.no/place/Norway/Troms/statistics.html *Photo Privately Owned *Illustration Made By Kristjan Breidfjord

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*Illustration Made By Kristjan Breidfjord, Based On:

- http://tema.webatlas.no/tromso/Planinnsyn#

- http://kart.kystverket.no - Elektroniske sjøkart (ENC) - Full ECDIS

9 *Illustration Made By Kristjan Breidfjord, Based On: - Erling Steenstrup - Plan/Rådgiver/Kulturminner og Bygningsvern.

- Photo: Tromsø Kommune Byutvikling 10

*Illustration Made By Kristjan Breidfjord, Based On: - http://tema.webatlas.no/tromso/Planinnsyn#

11 *Illustration Made By Kristjan Breidfjord, Based - http://tema.webatlas.no/tromso/Planinnsyn# 12 13-14

On:

*Photos Privately Owned *Photo Privately Owned

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*Havnivåstigning. Estimater av framtidig havnivåstigning i norske kystkommuner - Revidert utgave (2009) page 19

*Interview With Torben Marthinus Taken: 16.10.2014

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*Illustration Made By Kristjan Breidfjord, Based On:

- http://www.sehavniva.no/ - Havnivåstigning. Estimater av framtidig havnivåstigning i norske kystkommuner - Revidert utgave (2009) page 19

17-18 *Illustration Made By Kristjan Breidfjord Based On:

- Norconsult.Tiltaksplan for Tromsdalsfyllingen. 2014-03-01. Oppdragsnr.5132607 - http://gis3.nve.no/link/?link=kvikkleire *Interview With Magnar Reistad Taken: 21.11.2014 19-20

*Illustration Made By Kristjan Breidfjord, Based On: - Basemap GIS Tromsø Kommune - Byutvikling - Geodatakontoret

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*Illustration Made By Kristjan Breidfjord, Based On: - Basemap GIS Tromsø Kommune - Byutvikling - Geodatakontoret

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*Illustration Made By Kristjan Breidfjord, Based On:

- http://gis3.nve.no/link/?link=kvikkleire - Web Map av Geodata_Tromso

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*Illustration Made By Kristjan Breidfjord, Based On: - Norconsult.Tiltaksplan for Tromsdalsfyllingen. 2014-03-01. Oppdragsnr.5132607

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Photo: Tromsø Kommune Byutvikling - Web Map av Geodata_Tromso

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*Illustration Made By Kristjan Breidfjord Based On: - Norconsult.Tiltaksplan for Tromsdalsfyllingen. 2014-03-01. Oppdragsnr.5132607 - Interview with Anne Birte Tennøy Taken: 21.11.2014

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*Illustration Made By Kristjan Breidfjord, Based On: - Norconsult. Tiltaksplan for Tromsdalsfyllingen. 2014-03-01. Oppdragsnr.5132607

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*Photo Privately Owned

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*Illustration Made By Kristjan Breidfjord, Based On: - Basemap GIS Tromsø Kommune - Byutvikling - Geodatakontoret

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*Illustration Made By Kristjan Breidfjord *Illustration Made By Kristjan Breidfjord *Info: Geoffrey Corner, Geologist * www.miljolare.no * Info: Else Hegseth, Arctic and Marine Biology *Illustration Made By Kristjan Breidfjord *Info: Kari Anne Bråthen, Biologist

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*Illustration Made By Kristjan Breidfjord *Info based on Norconsult.Tiltaksplan for Tromsdalsfyllingen. 2014-03-01. Oppdragsnr.5132607

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*Illustration Made By Kristjan Breidfjord

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*Illustration Made By Kristjan Breidfjord

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*Illustration Made By Kristjan Breidfjord

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*Illustration Made By Kristjan Breidfjord

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*Photo of Model Made By Kristjan Breidfjord

Special Thanks To> Supervisor: Mari Bergset Torben Marthinus Jan Stenersen Wim Weber Erik Eidesen Margrethe Rabås Giambattista Zaccariotto Thomas Juel Clemmensen Janike Kampevold Kari Anne Bråthen Geoffrey Corner Hans Petter Tollefsen Else Hegseth Magnar Reistad Reinhard Mook Erling Steenstrup Anne Birte Tennøy