Language 2 The simple past passive

As you can see we form the passive with the verb to be in the past simple was, were and the past participle of the main verb. e.g. The book was written in 1999. e.g. The students were taken to the library yesterday.  G14,15

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1 When, why , what, and how? a) Read the information telling you about the history of vehicles. A. A horse and buggy (in American English) or horse and carriage (in British English and American English) refers to a light, simple, two-person carriage of the late 18th, 19th and early 20th centuries. It was drawn usually by one or sometimes by two horses. It was also called a roadster. It was made with two wheels in England and the United States, and with four wheels in the United States as well. It had a folding or falling top. B. The early type of electric motor was invented by a Hungarian in 1828. He created a tiny model car that was powered by his new motor. In 1834, the first electric motor was invented in the USA. This motor was installed in a small model car. The Flocken Elektrowagen of 1888 by German inventor Andreas Flocken was regarded and is still regarded as the first real electric car of the world. C. The famous poet, Lord Byron, had a daughter, Ada Lovelace. She was considered to be a mathematical genius and one of the world’s first computer inventors. She was introduced to inventor Charles Babbage in 1843. At age 20, Lovelace collaborated with the inventor to invent a prototype of a computer. Credit for developing the algorithms and an equal contribution in the invention was given to Ada by Babbage’s own memoirs. The early programming language Ada was named for her, and the second Tuesday in October has become Ada Lovelace Day, on which the contributions of women to science, technology, engineering, and mathematics are honoured.

D. Who was the first to fly an airplane? Credit for being the first to fly an airplane was given to Wilbur (1867–1912) and Orville Wright (1871–1948). Four controlled flights were made in a powered vehicle on Dec. 17, 1903. The unique feature of the Wright brothers’ aircraft was that the wings were rolled right or left, the nose was pitched up or down, and yawed from side to side. b) Find the sentences with the past simple passive and write them in your notebook.

2 Temple Grandin Read a paragraph about history of ‘Hug Box’ and put the verbs in brackets into the past simple passive forms. Temple Grandin is an adult with autism. During her childhood years, Temple would crave deep pressure. She noticed that her severe anxiety (reduce) when she (wrap) in blankets. Pressure (provide) and she felt calmer. She stated that she could not obtain the ‘right’ amount of pressure from people because they either gave her too much deep pressure or too little. She then built the device which (refer) to as the ‘Hug Box,’ the ‘Hug Machine,’ the ‘Squeeze Machine,’ or the ‘Squeeze Box. The ‘Hug Box’ (make) of two padded side-boards which (hinge) near the bottom to form a V-shape. 3 The Blissymbol printer Change the sentences into the past simple passive where it is possible. The Blissymbol printer opened up new worlds of communication for people with disabilities. Rachel Zimmerman Brachman grew up in London, Ont. Her parents constantly found ways to encourage her curiosity. She came across a library book called Blissymbolics: Speaking Without Speech, by Elizabeth Helfman. It described a pictographic language of symbols. Kids with cerebral palsy and other disabilities who had trouble speaking used the symbols. That book inspired her to create a program for her Atari 400 computer. That would introduce the public to Blissymbolics. She was 11 years old. 4 Preparation is over Your parents and you finished preparing for the holiday just a minute ago. Preparation took so much time but you want to check it again and write who did it and when it was done. Example: book a hotel – mother – a month ago The hotel was booked by my mother a month ago. confirm the check-in time at a hotel – father – a week ago book the flight – father – a month ago confirm the flight time – father – yesterday buy snacks – mother – yesterday check luggage number and weight restrictions – mother – yesterday check luggage fees – mother – yesterday do laundry and/or dry cleaning – I – yesterday check the weather conditions – I – yesterday pack up all of the items in your bags – mother – yesterday 5 For my folder: Transport in Ukraine Write an e-mail to your friend answering the following questions. 1. What was the first transport in your place? 2. When did the first bus/trolley/tram appear in your location? 3. What was the fare 20/10/5/1 year ago? 4. What other facts can you tell about transport in your place (bus models, size, challenges)?