Aquatic life 3 1920

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"^-^-â&#x20AC;&#x201D;-^

Hrie Australian Congoll)) HERBERT M. HALE,

SoutK Australian

The Congolly

Museum

Pseudaphritis

urvillii

Photograph by the author

-4

The "Congolly," known to fishermen as the "Sandy Whiting," is popular with Australian aquarists.

Living in most of

our estuarine

it

rivers,

equally

thrives

well in fresh, brackish or sea water. Full-

grown specimens measure nearly twelve inches

in

but smaller examples

length,

more suitable for aquaria. A wild fish makes itself at home at once and in a few days becomes quite tame. Although

are

a "bottom" fish

it

is

in

no way incon-

series

of

large

disconnected

pools,

in

which the water, owing to months of evaporation, had become much salter than

The increase of salinity having been very gradual. Gobies, Atherines and Congollies had accustomed themselves to the sea.

the

new

conditions and were present in

great numbers.

We collected

dozens of the

and "on reaching home placed several direct from the salt into fresh water. At first the movements of last-named

fish,

spicuous and a mo\'ement at the front

the

of the glass will always bring

but otherwise the fishes showed no dis-

fore.

As regards food

it is

it

to the

equally accom-

gill-covers

comfort

Avere

abnormally rapid,

at the abrupt change.

In a few

modating, but appears to prefer earth

minutes they were busily feeding on mos-

worms to anything else.

Towards the close of

are

friend and

I

a river

summer

a

obtained some fishes from

the coast, at a spot

from from

quito larvae and now, six last

where fresh water

mixes with the sea water Here we found that

Pt. Adelaide.

the normally brackish creek

was but

a

still

quite healthy.

sojourn in fresh water,

months

After I

later,

this

long put

recently

one of them into a marine aquarium the result of the sudden transference was as before, the fish immediately accepting ;

food.

26

Aquatic Hitt These CongoUies were taken from a

pool with a white sand bottom and

when

first obtained were practically colorless.

After installing them in a well-planted

aquarium with a dark gravel bottom a totally different appearance was assumed.

The characteristic chequered pattern soon became apparent, rendering the

To

obtain a photograph

pigment are expanded and the

others contracted to tiny dots, the pre-

dominating color of the the relaxed

cells.

that of

fish is

way

In the same

dif-

ferent markings appear and disappear on

Aquarists are familiar with the

the skin.

color changes of the Paradise Fish dur-

ing the breeding season.

new

fishes less easy of detection in their

surroundings.

ticular

The Congolly (Pseudaphritis was

originally described

Cuvier and A^alenciennes toire

urvillii)

and figured by "His-

in their

Naturelle des Poissons" in

since then

no

1831

illustration of the fish

has

been published.

The Cleveland Society The Cleveland Aquarium Society was founded

at a

meeting held on January Chamber of Indus-

12 at the Cleveland try.

Frederick

Rev.

Webber

R.

pre-

sided.

A

committee was appointed

to

draft

and arrange other details for discussion and adoption at the next

a constitution

meeting.

The chairman read Portion of skin of Congolly

Showing

color-cells

sion,

example whose picture is here reproduced was placed in a small aquarium standing near a window. In this bright the

commenced

markings

color

the

]}ale,

to

coloring

])rotective

in

by various cmoli(jns

or ;

resemblance

when

even

are

of

great

liiui.

cnl.

Ralph

of a public acjuarium.

11.

IVhipplc. said Mrs. Barrows sternly, met that policeman today who sat in the kitchen with you so long last night,

"I

took advantage of the opportunity to

I

individual

s])eak to him."

in

tlie

;

])ale

"Oh, go on now," replied

skin

a smile.

are

me wan

wliicb

cells

cfjntraclion

rcfhuxd the colors become

of

to a consid-

Incorporated

numerous pigment

c-a])al)le

of the Society will result in the establish-

ment

influenced

tlic

markings sometimes change erable extent.

became well achoped that the activities

e\eryone It is

"Delia,"

fishes alter the intensity of their

surrfjundings,

their

and

quainted.

eventually

almost disapj)earing.

Many

fishes.

This was followed by a general discus-

Photomicrograph by the author

situation the fish at once

a very interesting

paper on the care of aquaria and

when

so

"Ye bit

needn't think

jealous,

him safe enough."

mum,

New

Delia, with that'll oi

make

have got

York Clohc.

or indis-

Differently colored cells are ])res-

and wlien those conlaiin'ng one

])ar-

vSomehow the majority of seem to be bad.

(jur

habits

Ob5erS)ations on tKe CKelonians

NortK America.

VIII.

W. SHUFELDT,

M.

of DR.

Young

Soft-shelled

Amydidae and

turtles

of

of the

the

R.

numerous group of

family

fresh

water chelonians. of which we have but four or

five species,

out of nearly thirty,

Southern Asia, x\frica in this country. and the East Indies are the regions where the majority are found, and they belong in

several genera.

On

the other hand,

the North American species all fall in of the genus Aiiiivda the same eenus

â&#x20AC;&#x201D;

Z.

5.

Southern Soft-shelled Turtle

constitute a very conspicuous

rather

C.

â&#x20AC;&#x201D;

which we ha.\e four quite distinct species.

These are the Southern Soft-shelled Turtle (A. ferox), the Spiny Soft-shelled

Turtle

Brown

(A. spi'nifer), the

shelled Turtle (A. iniifica),

Soft-shelled

first-named

(A. cnwryi).

Turtle is

Soft-

and Emory's

found

The

from Georgia

to

Florida and westward as far as Louisi-

ana

;

the Spiny occurs in the central part

of the United States: the

same range

as the

Spiny

Brown has ;

the

and. finally.

aquatic

28

Emory's Soft-shell occurs taries of the Rio Grande

Texas and

of these species

ferent, both

in

is

entirely dif-

appearance and in struc-

ture, from any of our other fresh-water

species

;

a group,

of these soft-shelled

all

turtles are entirely different in structure

and appearance from

elsewhere.

Any one

As

in the tribuin

JLitt

upon the other hand, they exhibit

some very

striking

dift'erences

among

of them, the entire shell leathery,

especially

teriorly.

When we

note that

characters.

that

have been engaged upon the anatomy oi A. for ox. tine specimens I

Head

of the

of which have been sent

South by Mr. Fred.

me from

W. Walker,

the

of Or-

^Ir.

energetic collector, ;

series of articles as they

and and posmedium-sized

front

in

take a

we may

shell is so flexible in front

its

droops over the

it

the head has been over,

the

entire

which Moremuch com-

oritice into

withdrawn.

animal

is

Southern Soft-shelled Turtle; dorsal view

Walker is a very and a good naturalist he has promised other southern species of turtles in the near future, and I trust to figure and describe them in this lando, Florida.

In any one pliable

is

Aiiiyda fcrox out of the water,

themselves, with respect to their external

Recently

other species

all

inhabiting our inland waters.

come

to

hand.

pressed snout it

the

in

vertical

direction.

Its

run out proboscis-fashion, and

is

possesses a very long and flexible neck.

Being a species of ferocious temper, with wonderful control over the projecting capacity thrust ity

of

and

this

lengthy

neck,

it

can

out with almost incredible celer-

it

seize

one by the finger or hand,

me jileasure to once more thank Mr. Edward S. Schmid, of Washington, I). C, for several beautiful speci-

inflicting a

mens

they are concealed beneath the thin, o\'er-

It

also gives

of the

well as

which

for will

AOr.X'nC

young of Aiiiyda fcrox. as the young rif oilier turtles. be

figured

LII-Iv

later

on

in

se\erity.

wound often The edges of

razor-like

sharpness,

laying skin. it

can,

with (

of very decided its

and

jaws are of weai)ons

as

After a thrust and a

marked

C'oiitiiiiicil

rajiiditv.

on papc

strike,

draw

^^j^)

its

â&#x20AC;&#x201D;

V

f

IcntK3)opnthirius multifilius REV. FREDERICK

WEBBER,

R.

Cleveland Aquarium Society

ÂŤb

^Aquarium

Electric

Covei- Glass

v\'iiK

G|q55 Jar

Latiip

Tr-uit

Jaf

Vacuoles Parasite dividiriij

5 warm -spares

Ichtliyop[itniriu.s

^ Every aquarist knows iiiiiltifiliiis,

Iclifliyoptliiriits

the parasitic infiisorian

many

which

aquarium fishes, brook trout, and even carp, shad, pike and whitefish.

It exists both in the aquarium and in the destroys

as well as

native fish

tropical

rainbow

haunts of

hangs

drooping

fishes.

listlessly

fins.

trout,

Now

in

The

infested

the water,

and then

it

with

"shakes"

from side to side. This wrigmovement is almost constant dur-

violently

gling

ing the later stages.

After a few days

the fish appears to be covered with

white spots, like

fine salt sprinkled

smaM over

examined closely, small pits are discovered where the grains have been.

The fins are also ai^'ected. The its

body.

If

cause

is

a small ciliated protozoan,

from

one-half to less than one millimeter in size.

\\'hen exanfined

scope,

we

under a micro-

find that the parasite

is

roumi,

of protoplasmic structure, and completely

covered with toplasm

is

cilia.

filled

The contained pro-

with round, somewhat

opaque granules, making the crescentshaped nucleus difticult to distinguish.

In some pustules two animals are found.

The voung parasite is a free-swimming creature, which moves rapidly through the Avater, often in an irregular course, If no turning rapidly on its own axis. host

is

found the animal may perish,

although some have been in water for a long time.

known

to live

hen

a fish-

^^

%iU

Aquatic

30 host

is

Whether

found, the young parasite attaches

the pest multiplies only

when

himself thereto, boring into the epidermis.

quiescent on the bottom of the tank, or

An

whether it also forms spores while on the body of the fish, remains a disputed

fish is particularly

otherwise diseased

in danger, as

usually covered with a

it is

layer of slime which

is

favorable to the

bores into the membrane and, rotating within the cyst, proceeds to feed upon the vital fluids of

purposes of the

pest.

It

the unfortunate host. knowledge of the life-history of the

A

gently be combatted.

may intelliAs we have said

before, the pest begins

its

parasite

is

necessary that

it

hfe as a free-

Hav-

swimming, microscopic creature. ing fastened to the host,

it

feeds for a

period varying from a few days to a week or two, depending on the temperature of the water. the

more rapid

is

The warmer

We

feature.

the fish and also in the water.

writers, such as Hofer,

with as-

in his "Fischkrankeitcn," state

surance that the only method of propagation is by division. The parasite, they

two

say, divides into two, these

into four,

the four into eight, and the eight into sixteen,

up

to certain limits,

which some

observers have placed as high as several

hundred.

who have made

Others

a

minute study, such as Harvey A. Van Cott, declare with equal conviction that

by division as and also by described, we have already while still even the formation of spores, denies Hofer on the body of the host. it

multiplies in

two ways

nucleus seems to widen out within the cell, and then break up into many minute

Then

granules.

He says: "The inated view that the multiplication of the takes

])arasite

lchthyo]jthirius

within the jmslule and that the young immediately seek a host vicinity has Ijeen

shown

to

])lace

important

ease."

in

tlie

swim

out,

each one a

voracious pest.

If the

German theory

true, that the

is

adult parasite drops from the fish to the

bottom of the tank, escent state

lies

there in a qui-

some hours, and then remedy would be simple.

for

multiplies, the

It would be necessary only to change the water three times a day, say at 6 A. M., 2 P. M. and lo P. M. In so doing the â&#x20AC;˘

bottom will be washed away gradually, until within a week or two none are left. We have

pests

that

known

this

to

fall

the

treatment to be attempted in

good

several instances with

man

results.

One

reported two years ago that he had

saved a tank of Haplochiliis chapcri in manner. In the same way another

this

saved a number of Xiphophorus helleri

and Lehistcs of

in their

be false by

treatment of the

(bs-

rcticulatus.

But we know

other repeated attempts where this

treatment either failed, or parasites

seemed

to be

fishes later refused to

in

case the

washed away, the eat and apparently

died of starvation.

One

escai)in!.^

recent investigation, a circumslanc.' ihat is

the cell wall breaks, and

these "granules"

:

previously dissem-

this.

When

spores are formed, the crescent-shaped

Then

this stage of its progress, authori-

Some

ways

on the bottom of the tank by division, and also by the formation of spores.

Further, it seems that some investigators have found these to take place both on

like cyst.

ties differ.

are safe

multiplies in both

it

the water

the development.

the parasite leaves the host, dropping to the bottom of the aquarium in a jelly-

At

we

believe that

in saying that

is

to

aquarist states that the surest place the

water, ccnirse.

of

the

fish

in

swiftly

proper temperature,

He argues

way

flowing

that whatever

of

may

be the correct method of propagation, the

(Concluded on page 32)

t"

â&#x20AC;˘f

1

Rivulus strigatus

WALTER

Rivulus

was introduced

strigatus

to

me by Mr. John

Lowel, of The Aqua-

rium Society,

1913.

in

He had

one or

two pairs at that time, having received them from Germany through an engineer on one of the German steamships plying then between Cuxhaven or Bremen and. New York City. The male fish showed such brilliant colors and well-defined markings that they made a I was lasting impression on my mind. naturally anxious to secure a pair study, but

my

F.

Z.

5.

imported direct from Brazil Ijy gentleconnected with the New York

men

Zoological Society, and they were successful in having

them spawn

in

an aqua-

rium holding about five gallons.

The eggs were deposited singly on the filaments of Myriophylluni after the manner of other species of the genus.

ment

Develop-

comparatively slow, ten or more days passing before the fry emerge. is

for

persuasive powers were

not equal to the task, and so

have owned a number of

I

left

my

Since then

friend's house without them.

I

LAKfKfOT BRIMD,

and the

pairs,

intimate association did not serve to dull the glamour of that

The male

first

meeting.

spicuous black collar around the outline of the gill-covers and extending forward

through the eyes to the snout.

warm

The back

merging into the turquoise blue of the sides, on which scarlet dots are arranged symmetrically in "herring-bone" fashion as shown by the illustrations abdomen and throat, creamy yellow. The fins, save the pectorals which are transparent, are motis

chestnut-brown,

;

tled with

The is

brown and

female, as

fishes, is

throat

is

purple.

among The back-

often the case

much more somber.

chestnut,

Rivulus strigatus

of the species has a con-

passing

to

cream on the

and abdomen, with dark purplish-

brown dots arranged

in the

herring-bone

With Infusoria abundant in the tank, young will thrive and grow apace.

In an emergency one may use finely pow-

the

dered nutritious dry food.

A\'hen the frv

enough they may be given small Daphne and Cyclops, after which the growth will be more rapid and they will soon be able to master young and tender enchrytraeid worms.

While Rk'itlus strigatus is a native of Brazil, it does not seem to demand a parare

large

high temperature,

ticularly

"Jt^

degrees.

Fahrenheit, being sufficient except while breeding,

when

grees higher.

it

should be a few de-

The

largest specimens I

have seen measured two

inches.

design on the sides.

As far as my knowledge goes, Mr. Lowel did not succeed in breeding the sjiecies.

Later, however, s])ecimens were

\\^hen half a dozen

they

all

talk at once.

women

get together

If they didn't they

would never get through.

â&#x20AC;˘aquatic ILite

32

rium Society

Ichthyopthirius

all

away within

be washed

two weeks.

Contact poisons or chemicals are useA chemical less to destroy the parasite. strong enough to eat through the cyst

would likewise destroy the

The

fish.

par-

asites within the water, or on the bottom,

may

A

be destroyed in several way.

per cent, solution of lime

A

effective.

solution of

mended.

is

both simple and seem-

As soon

cheesecloth

filled

as the first symptoms of infection appear, a sack made of

(Concluded from page 30) parasites will

is

ingly effective.

i

said to be

lo per cent, to 20 per cent,

common salt is also recomOne writer prefers a weak

is

with sheep manure

and suspended in the tank, the temperature of the water being slowly raised and thereafter maintained at an even degree.

The only objection to this method is the unsightly color of the water and an incidental rapid growth of filamentous algae, but its frequent effectiveness and its stimulation of plant-life within the aquarium makes it well worthy of a trial. It is the least bothersome of all the methods.

When

the pest occurs, the treatment

But of course these methods are only employed to eliminate the parasite from the water

should be prompt, painstaking and car-

The

remove all plants, boil the sand thoroughly and carefully clean

solution of the salts of copper.

and the bottom of the aquarium. fishes should be removed before

intro-

ducing the substance employed.

A'an Cott advises the use of a large

]\Ir.

tank

filled

This

with clean water.

provided with a heater, made by

is

eliminated. one,

is

it

If the tank

new

the water a

number

ing, taking care to

allowed

should

A

eral clean glass jars are also necessary.

two-thirds

is filled

of clean, old water of the

full

same temper-

ature as that from which the sick fish is

A

taken.

This

added.

teaspoonful of sea

with the

jar,

raised

slowly

To

maintained there. tank

is

water

to

the

<)\

the

tish

to

aquarium as in

tlie

"Ugbl\- with

tirsl

liot

same and

l^efore.

Discard tbe

and

sterilize thor-

water.

])lace

Do

in

the

methf)d em])loyed with

several

nK-nil)ers of

ficient to

health.

keep the fishes Fluctuating

in

comfort and

temperature,

and

A

and frequently lead

to this disease.

communicate and within a few

single infested fish will

the parasite to others,

days a large tank of

fine fishes

may be

reduced to a sorry state.

While some men practice what they preach, the majority would be ashamed to

preach half they practice.

this at least

twice daily for several days. .\

wise aquarist will spare no pains to

maintain his tanks at a temperature suf-

a fish

temperature,

jar,

a

fishes.

a second jar

fill

it

to

It

month

is

retain the heat the

In the morning,

water

cliange large

it,

be

stand

especially chill, will reduce the vitality of

well covered at night with a thick

l>lanket.

with

in

fish

water and

is

and the tem100 F. and

floated in the big aquarium,

perature

salt

all

sediment, and the top layer of sand.

before stocking with

of these jars

reset-

change

of times by syphon-

remove

jar,

One

when

plants

If the tank is a prized one,

ting.

fitting

an electric light bulb inside a fruit and anchoring it in the water. Sev-

is

is

not a valued

best to

the tank, using

In order to rid the fish of the parasite,

aquarium,

ried out faithfully until the parasite

success by

the Chicago .\(|ua-

According to Professor Agassiz the jaws of the young snapping turtle snap wliile the animal is still within the egg.

'i" 1

—

3i

Aquatic EtCc

THE AVIARY AND AQUARIUM Photograpli by Parker A. Stacy

SlqnatU JLUt

North Carolina Notes S. D. CARLTON on FunThey (January number).

very pretty, hardy, eat dry

are

and should have

readily,

foods

a place in every

Black-banded

aquarium

daintiest

iron

base, with steel corners and toj) frame, and holds twenty-five gallons. All metal work, the bars of the aviary and

the frame of the aquarium,

collection.

The

Mr. Parker A. Stacy. The woodwork mahogany, measuring seven feet from peak to floor. The aquarium has a cast is

fully agree with the article

I

dulus nottii

35

Sunfish

the

is

America. The

fish of

in

is

finished

an excellent contrast with the

gilt;

dark mahogany.

opinion has been held in the past that

The Chelonians

they would starve rather than eat dry

and that therefore to keep them it was necessary to provide such living foods as Daphne and mos-

(Continued from page 28)

foods,

in

aquaria

quito larvae. to

my

This

is

with avidity.

Next

in point of

it

The

will thrive

hardiest

macropterus.

of

black

spot,

on ordinary food. all

is

Centrarchus

There is a characsurrounded by an

on the soft dorsal. It takes dry food readily and soon becomes tame enough to snap at a finger.

The Pirate Perch, Aphredoderus sayanus, seem to be night prowlers and are orange

always

ring,

in hiding.

I

have never seen them

but have missed several small min-

eat,

nows

!

However,

color

eral

I like

rich

is

them.

warm

The

brown,

gen-

with

purple reflections.

When

I

stunt

first

to a new locality, my make a tank, and then Hence the present twenty-

move is

*'go fishing."

to

gallon aquarium, with

and the near

native plants

its

mentioned Bragg.

fishes

Camp

its

thoroughly aquatic

soft-shelled turtles are the

looking like burnished brass as they glide

teristic

bespeak

for they are like four rounded paddles, and capable of rendering a max-

imum

a very active

These are yellowish-green,

through the water.

Its feet

This

is

;

all

collected

be almost

habits,

beauty comes Bnnea-

and while not so hardy as the

species,

others

shell so as to

entirely out of sight.

in direct opposition

experience, as they take dry foods

canthus gloriosus.

head back into the

of

service in

the

all

swimming.

members of

Indeed, our most aquatic

the

chelonian

group of fresh-water species in the United States.

They rarely leave the water; and if they are forced to crawl over any rough or rocky place, they are sure to scratch or even lacerate the soft,

smooth and tender skin-covering

to the

outer surface of the plastron.

The young creatures,

are

very

beautiful

little

and have a great habit of ex-

tending their necks

when

investigating

Sometimes one of them will shoot like lightning to the bottom of the aquarium, shuffle under the sand or vegetation, and in a few moments you will see it protrude its long little black and whitish neck to the limit, which gives the animal a most ludicrous appearance.

The Southern soft-shelled turtle may come to weigh as much as 30 pounds, and possess a carapace of nearly 20 anything.

inches

in

length,

with a corresponding

width of nearly 16 inches.

All of the species are eaten in the parts

The Aviary and Aquarium The photograph on the opposite page shows a happy combination of aquarium and aviary designed and constructed by

where they occur, and one may often see them in the markets for sale. The young of all of them are prettily marked and colored.

j^quatic JLitt

36

An

adult Southern Soft-shelled turtle

brown with-

has the carapace of a dull out any markings.

same

Its

head

is

running forwards to join anterior to the Its plastron is of a delicate

eye.

creamy

The and

with the conception of

Society and to the

its

to

of

grown have an olive or pale brown carapace, marked with dull, black spots, or

On

dots, disposed in rings.

the head and neck this

each side of

a yellowish band

is

extends forward through the eye and

unites with

its

fellow on the top of the

head, a short distance in front of the The character evinced by these eyes.

bands

to live

few people enraptured with a "gold-

as a

fish in

a globe."

Mr. B. T. Child sent for exhibition a The fine specimen of a Dutch tench. meeting expressed its opinion that the importation of such fishes for breeding purposes would lead to an improvement of our stock, and this particular specimen was promptly secured by one of our

members

for

purpose.

that

Mounted

diatoms, and living Daphnia and rotifers

were exhibited under microscopes by the president and Mr. Sheldrick.

Hon.

Sec.

important in distinguishing the

is

from

species

He

the

appealed

up to it, and to dispel any body should be considered

and

idea that the

who has had the opportunity examine a great many of this species Amyda, says that "specimens not fully

objectives.

Society to establish a reputation

sometimes exhibits scratches or other adventitious lines and blotches.

Ditmars,

members

president read the annual address

dealt

white and thoroughly immaculate, while it

new

were admitted.

of the

with brown, indistinct bands

color,

Seventeen

presidents.

Spiny

the

Soft-shelled

Turtle, on the top of the head of which

the bands

unite

way forwards

—

at

the

base of the proboscis."

In many localities these turtles are known as "flap-jacks" on account of their

form and the

flattened

pliable

margins to

The annual meeting of the Brooklyn Aquarium Society was held on January in the Auditorium of the Pacific Branch of the Brooklyn Public Library.

The following were elected to office for

20,

the ensuing year

Schneider;

ick

Donovan

their carapaces.

:

President, Dr. Freder-

secretary,

;

John C. H. Shenk treas-

vice-president, J.

;

Wright; member of Board of Directors, Dr. J. H. Finney; auditing committee, C. J. Heede, H. A. Van Cott and R. D. Bright. J. H. ShEnk, Secreurer, A. L.

An Odd Trunkfish (Concluded from page 33)

These

the eye. straight

horns

are

normally

or very nearly so, but

the

specimen figured, one of the horns was The photograph sharply bent inward. life by P. H. Pope, and specimen was collected at

was taken from the unusual the

Bermuda

1916,

—

tary. in

by

Biological Station in July,

Dr.

W.

J.

Crozier,

then

Director of the station.

^

At the annual meeting of the Essex County Aquarium Society, the following President, Rev. B. officers were elected vice-president, E. C. George J. Coltorti :

;

treasurer. Dr. William

Bachmann

retary, Dr. J. S. \ oegtlen.

The society holds its meetings

;

sec-

on the

and third Fridays at the Newark Turn \'erein, 186 William street, NewMembers of other societies ark, N. J. and those who are interested in aquarium first

Society Tlie

first

News

annual meeting of liie London was held on January

.\(|uarium Society 2.

J.

W.

']".

Webster was elected president and W. R. Temple, vice-

k. Shattock

nature-study are invited to attend. \

1 '

".CT

1 ,

i'".

N

,

Sc crc to ry

—

J. S.

aquatic

•b

ILife

i

- 1920

1919

— Wear a Handsome Solid Gold Pin of Your Favorite Fish

May. Nanostomus eques (Brind) The Water Horse-tail (IVoblcr) Observations on ;

;

Chelnnians of North America, Part II. Became a Fancier {Proctor) 1 {Shufeldt) A Peculiar Planorbis (Breder) Association and Color Discrimination in Mudminnows and (PVIiite) The Hay Infusion Sticklebacks Microcosm (Woodruff) The Bladderworts, notes and news. the

;

;

;

;

;

on

Observations

June.

North America, Part busia episcopi

Chelonians of (Shufeldt) ; Gam-

the

III

(Brind)

;

The Wheel Animal-

(Bade); Sonnet to a Goldfish (Burditt) A Study of the Diamond Bass (Trell) ; The Brook Stickleback {Barker); Goldfish in

cules

Spawn

China, Red-colored Water, Crappie

in

Washington Aquarium, and Society News.

;

;

;

;

Co

SuDPly

Stil-B-Nu

1919,

beautiful scarfpin and watch-fob for Roiitlemi'n and brooches for ladies. Made of solid gold and of very best workmanship.

An odd and attractive piece of .lewelry now being worn by aipiarists.

.Size

of

Prices Soalare,

illustrations.

War

(including:

Telescope Telescope

Tax) Lionhead,

$7,25.

We an; in a jmsition to s\ipiily favorite pet. I'riee on ap]ilic:i tion.

A

$7.25

(with ruby eye), $7.75. (with diamond eye), $9.25. pins

your

of

Choice Diet for Your Fish

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A Big-headed Gurnard (Fozvler) The Nesting Habits of Certain Sunfishes as Observed in a Park Lagoon in Chicago (Hubbs) Badis badis X Brind) The Paradise Fish (Balleisen) The Garden a Terrarium (Breder) Philadelphia Aquarium, A Fish Elevator, Akiyama Goldfish Farm, notes and news.

Jui,Y.

CopyriKlit,

A

;

Scientifically prepared. Contains most nutritious ingredients.

A proved and tested food for all aquarium fishes.

A trial and .vour food ijroblem is solved.

Fine and coarse.

Fine recommended for Tropicals. Price 20c. box; 3 boxes, 50c., postpaid.

Stil-B-Nu Bried Shrimp.

Contains shrimp only, wliicli is dried and properly prepared to make a choice morsel for all kinds of fishes. Coarse or fine.

I'se fine for Tropicals.

Price 20c. box; 3 boxes, 50c., postpaid.

Stil-B-Nu

Infusoria Culture is essential to all who desire to raise Gold and Tropical This culture is a result-producer.

Full directions with each box. Price 50c., postpaid. .uiuarists fishes.

August. Observations on the Chelonians of North America. Part IV (Shufeldt) The Steinhart Aquarium, with portrait of Ignatz ;

Steinhart Lebias sop-hige (Brind) The Senses of Fishes (Herrick) Marine Aquaria, An Epidemic Among Eishes, Manufacture of Pearl Buttons, etc. ;

;

;

Platypoecilus September. maculatus (Brind) Observations on the Chelonians of North America, Part V (Shufeldt) Notes on the Life-history of Planorbis corneus and Other Freshwater Mollusks (Webster) Philadelphia Exhibition, Naples Aquarium, Aquaria in the Conservatory of the Missouri Botanical Garden, Xiphophorus montezumae, Freshwater Shrimp, notes and news.

Stil-B-Nu

Fish

Remedy

—a

com-

non-poisonous

bination for the treatment of fungus, tail-rot, etc., of Tropical and fancy Goldfishes.

Don't fail to have a box or two on hand for the first sign of trouble.

Full directions in each box.

Price:

6 tablets in a box, 25c., postpaid.

Stil-B-Nu Aquarium Salts will go a long way toward keeping your fislies In good health by replacing the lime and salts as they are absorbed by the fishes and snails. Price: 6 tablets in a box, 25c., postpaid. ::i5i-ii.-B-N7rT?T

;

;

Stil-B-Nu Nets 55c The Best Net Made

;

January,

Betta rubra (liccdc) Observations on the Chelonians of North America, Part VI (Shufeldt) Beef Heart and Beef Liver for Young Fishes Notes on Mosquito Larvae (Hale) Lucania ommata (extension of range) Habits of Fundulus nottii and Heterandria formosa Linseed meal cause of disease among trout; South Australian Aquarium Society, Passaic Aquarium Society, the Redfield Theorv, etc.

1920.

;

;

;

;

;

;

February. Goldfish Foods and Feeding as Practiced in Japan (Nakashiina) Observations on the Chelonians of North America, Part VII {Shufeldt): The Mosquito (Hale); Luciocephalus pulcher (Hcedc) Maintaining an Aquarium (Trell); An Easilv Constructed ;

in two sizes, and 5 inches.

JI;iiIe

.3Vi

miiniil'aiturcd

The

liy

us from the very best materials.

fr.inu' is brass, and its square eas.v access to corners.

shape which

allows

Stl'-B-Nu order one

Aquarium tod;i.v

Scrapers — something

and avoid

ii'acing

hand

new: In

the

when ileaning it. Price 35c., postpaid.

Tells at Easy-Reading- Aquarium Thermometer, Xn a glaiu-e the temperature of your water. a(iu;n-lum

a(nuiriuni

is

complete without one.

Price $1.00,

postpaid.

Pocket Magnifying- Glass. Every aquarist needs a good glass, especiall.v when collecting insects Considering quality, this and r;iising infusoria. glass

i-j

priced very

low.

$1.75,

postpaid.

Stil-B-Nu Aquarium Cement conies read.v for use.

50c, pound, postpaid, Aouarium Labels a neat label, with the scienname of Tropical fishes, their method of tific breeding and the countries the.v come from, .lust Price 50c., poetthe thing for .vour aqiiarium.

—

paid.

Get our prices on Go'd and Tropical Fishes, Aquariums, Aouarium Stands, Plants, Snai's, Castles, Books and Japanese Art Novelties.

Wholesale and Retail

;

Heated Aquarium (Finckh) Roosevelt Wild Experiment Station, Fchruarv ;

Life Forest Pointers, etc.

STIL-B-NU SUPPLY CO 427

E. Girard

Avenue, Philadelphia

—

:"yy-''~.

innn^

tnrru

,nrru

"-<r^<

innannric

—ang

Des Plaines Fish Farm 867

(Hatchery

at

Des

|

Chicago, Illinois

N. Dearborn Street

Plaines,

[]

111.)

§

Importers and Breeders of Gold and Tropical Fishes. Orders should be placed now for the following fishes to be shipped after May 15th, when weather conditions will permit safe transportation:

U

g ^

Per pair, $2.00

Fundulus chrysotus

"

(mottled— very rare)

"" 4.00 " 2.00 2.00 .50

"

Fundulus goodei Cyprinodon variegatus Oryzias latipes (Medaka) Heterandria formosa Xiphophorus helleri (young) Macropodus viridi-auratus (young)

.50

1.00 1.00 .75

Gambusia holbrooki Jordanella floridae Platyposcilus pulchra

2.00 per pair, $1.00 to 2.00

NATURE'S FISHFOOD For Native Fish

For Tropical Fishes

For Goldfish

absolutely necessary if one would keep his fishes in good conNature's Fish Food is the result of years of study and experiment. If dition.

3'our dealer does not have it we will gladly send you a sample package for 20

A

good food

is

cents.

Orders for

fishes

amounting

cannot be

to less than $5.00

Shipping

filled.

cans cost 35 to 50 cents extra.

OOO OOOCI^OOO ZZ=) DOO it

.

orv-if

tnonr

FRESH henry

By

lonoi

>f

B.

>

>nnr,i

nnri <

l

)CX»<

>

orv-M

i

-y-y-ii

—

>0OOCZZ30OOC:r3CX3O CZTJCXXJOO

>000(

»

. n«-«-i «

i

nrv-i i

it

BIOLOGY WATER WHIPPLE ward AND GEORGE C.

WITH THE COLLABORATION OF 25 DISTINGUISHED SPECIALISTS All interested in aquatic biology will find here answers to their queries on methods of study, conditions of existence, types of life, and inter-relations of the organisms that inhabit our fresh-water bodies, together with data on their life histories, habits and range.

This work is the first complete and accurate record of North American aquatic life, especially the micro-organisms among both plants and animals excluding the vertebrates, higher plants and bacteria, exery form is descrilied that has been reported from a fresh-water body on this continent. comprehensive general discussion of each group precedes the description of individual forms, which are arranged under a key to permit of rapid and accurate determination of the genera and species.

Nearly every form is illustrated, and its diagnostic features are pointed Iiir)l( .gical data on its habits, frequence and distrilnition are also out. ;

A

gi\ en.

I'resh-Water Biology trations,

AQUATIC im

—

f

)<

innri i

a big book of 1111 pages, with 1547 illus])ostagc on four ])(nuids.

is

i'ricc, $r).(Mi, jjlus

LIFE, 542 E. Girard Avenue, Philadelphia, Pa u

i

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cf

Tropical Fishes a

species

aquarium

Danio malabaricus and (The most sprightly Haploeliilus, Barbus, Mouth-

stock

large

fine,

other

fishes)

hroeders and

of

Danio.

of

many

Several thousand

!

other beautiful fishes.

Young

j

\

Breeder and Fancier of Telescopes and Tropicals

I

96 Columbia Avenue, Jersey City Heights, N.

J.

I

Saturday

f

welcome at conservatory afternoon and on Sunday.

any

and Japs

I

August Obermuller visitors

Broadtail Telescopes

i

I

in all tiie desiral)le colors, with deep bodies and from two to four inches long.

Per dozen, $10 and up.

Gneiding's Goldfish Hatchery Ridgefield Park

New

:

:

Jersey

Phone, Hackensack S.'SOQW

1

JULIUS RIEWE BREEDER AND FANCIER OF TROPICAL FISHES

Information 50c

3519 Costeilo Avenue, Chicago,

Detailed and Dependale I

)

On Care and Breeding Goldfish, Tropical is

i

i

contained in

of

and Domestic Fish

my 50c Booklet.

tropical fishes. mont 5092.

Illustrat-

ed from life. Entitled, "Domesticated Fish" or with my New, Best Book entitled "The Practical Fishfancier" $2.00.

(See other ad. in this number.)

Two Books for $2.00 Only

W.

L.

BRIND, 449 W. 207

The

None

shipped.

white worms, which can be

fishes

raised indoors throughout the year. Generous portion, 60 cents, with full instructions for raising them.

Street

NEW YORK

CHARLES

Breeder

&

230 5th

JENNE

E.

Union

Street

Hill,

N.

J.

KISSEL, JR.

Fancier of Broadtail Telescopes

Tropical

Telephone Bel-

Original Enchytraeid Breeder

Feed your

i

HENRY

111.

Fine stock of Danio malabaricus, D. albolineatus, D. rerio, Barbus conchonius, B. semifasciolatus, B. ticto and many other kinds of

Fishes,

Plants

and

Telephone 461

Fishes, Plants, etc.. Sold at Conservatory

Please

Snails.

241 Walker Street, Cliffside, N.

Mention

Zqnatit Htfe

CliFfside

When

J.

Writing Advertisers

The Englewood Fancy Goldfish Hatchery Japanese Toy Breeds in a variety of colors '"mouse" bodies and "claw" tails. Must be seen Visitors welcome any Satto be appreciated. urday afternoon, Sunday or holiday. Nothing for sale until June.

Spawn

phone Wentworth 1118.

ANTHONY A. MAINA, 6711 Parnell

in

season.

or Excellent Conformation

D

n Color Cannot

III.

New York Dear Mr. Taubles: Because ne were unavoidabl.v swallow all kinds of siilistitute

Co City.

oompellert to fishfoods for

the past three .rears, our health and happiness were sore'y impaired.

We owe you our undying' gratitude for feeding us again on our old favorite:

Dried

Be Beat

Flies

and

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fully reeuperating. tialihy skins are already starting to round

wlierel>y

how Their

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414 East Treinont ave..

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Avenue, Chicago,

m

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we

feel assured of

Onr and our appetites are really wonderful.

Your

Quality in Finnage

out.

m s a

rOOR FISH W.

ave Blues, Blacks and Calicos

Why very Fancier Should Look ee

Them

at C. C.

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Them Over

VOWINREL

own j

(

fishes?

lOo.

per

ounce.

$1.25

Aquarium

per

pound,

Specialty

414 East Tremont avo., Philadelphia,

Pa

\

New York }

M.

not earn a similar testimonial from your

City.

postpaid.

Co

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too technical hand

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aquarist

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for the

be

to

dislikes

$2.50 Plus Postage on 2 Pounds

Ready for market at rock-bottom prices. ped anywhere in United States or Canada. for our illustrated catalogue.

If

8

Oriental Goldfish and Supply) (Zo n 3757

-

3761 Cottage GroSJe Avenue Chicago,

The

and best food for goldfishes, barring Package, oOc. (cash or check), with innone. structions for raising a constant supi'ly.

this

number.

)

Manual.

Book 50c— "Do-

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my

Color pictures of

other ad.

Half-

fish.

tone and line cuts. These books cover the field -

Add

J.

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AQUARIUMS We able

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Fishes, plants, foods and supplies for the aquarist.

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TROPICAL FISH

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is

1

Yogi 75c Pound Magic (Infusoria)

PAUL MARQUARDT, 829 Teutonia Avenue, Milwaukee, Wis

Fishfancier." Brind's First

GOLDFISH

vs.

quality of a fishfood

the majority of leading breeders use it: thats YOGI. Ask your dealer or druggist or send for it by mail.

Yogi 5c box.

By mail 7c

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p

TROPICALS

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n

Mollienisia latipinna (or velifera) Some ship.

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scientists assert that Velifer.i is hut a perfectly developed latipinna

— the

only sort

we

I'er dozen, .$4.00.

Cyprinodoii variegatiis (Sheepshead Minnow),

.'i;."',.00

i)er

dozen.

—

nietallicus, Fnndulus heteroclitus, Ganiliusia lioll)rooki, Goldfisli all varieties.

Sliiihiiiikins (Spotted (Joldfisli), •'P4.00 per dozen. .TapMMcse Snails, .$2. on and %'l.^>i) per dozen.

I'liints.

Vallisneria (narrow leaf), MO cents i)er dozen; Vallisneria (wide leaf), 00 cents per dozen; Sajiittaria (broad leaf), 75 cents per dozen; Water l*oi)py, .$1.00 i)er dozen; Cabomba, 'liaiit .Anacharis, Potomogeton and Myriopliyllnm spicatiun (milfoil), 75 cents per dozen liniiches.

Egyptian Lotus (dormant tubers best time to plant), 50 cents each. lied, U'hite and Yellow Water Lilies (dormant tul)ers), 50 cents each; (seeds, L5 cents per p.'ick-Ml plants iiostpaid.

•Aiif).

Fresliwatf-r Shrimp, sun dried, slii'lled and shi'eddcd.

'I'lic best lish food, r'ontains no other subst.iiiccs.

Coarse, medium or line. .$1.10 jier pound, ijostpaid. \\'hite Worms (Enchytraens), jjer portion, 50 cents, with instructions how to l)reed a continuous supiily.

The best live food. \ collection of twelve varieties of aiiuarlum i)lants, .$1.00, postiiaid. When reiiiiltin;,' Uiv (ishes please include 50 cents for sliip]dn;;- can.

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two shapes, 5 inches, round and R Made of finest Marquesette on n

square.

1 g inch brass wire.

Creation!

Will not rust or rot

the

New

o

Use without sheep manure. sample free.

Shield of Quality Fishfood

8

15c Box,

L

PHILADELPHIA

—

00O0C3O0OO0O3OOC

M

)OOOCOOOOOOOOOOO(-

St.

-

Phila..

Pa

HAEGELMEIER

J.

PROVENCHERE PLACE, Large Assortment of Fancy Fish Kinloch: Victor 2656

ST. LOUIS, at All Times L

MO

"AQUARIA FISH" fl

H 8 8 n

A

practical

in

the aquarium,

work on care and

brt'eding

of

fish

greenliouse and outdoor ponds.

Finely illustrated.

Everyone interested in keeping fish should send Price $1.00. for a copy of this book.

Tappan's Natural Fish Food. paid,

Three boxes, post-

2oc.

Guinea Pies and Thoroughbred Collie Pups, beautifully marked. Write for prices.

FRANCIS K.CHRISTINE BELGRADE STREET

133 N. 12lh

FANCY GOLDFISH 1916

4 Boxes 50c Postpaid

Until further notice, on account of weather, no orders taken for tropicals.

Special prices on dozen lots of nets, fishfood and Creation, Orders taken now for 1920 breed of Broad-tail Telescopes.

-

IMPORTER AND BREEDER

Send for a

§

518

& SONS

JOSEPH

Infusoria

50c Box Postpaid

o 8 9

AQUARIUM

The New E-Z to Catch Net in

^*

~"

>OOOC

complete, practical, handsome hnnk, sent postpaid anyv/here for $4.00 Enlarged edition no w^ ready.

Made

n

3000<

)Ooo<:zr)oooc

Aquarium Fishes", byWm.T.Innes

(Between 2d and 3d avenues.)

—

—

w

THE BEST BOOK

—

rubrastigma, Hi) other species of

and

Wyoming Avenue

PLANTS, SNAILS, ETC

FISH,

—

fish.

East

Philadelphia

i*

VT

417

of first prizes silver cup and gold medal.

The most attractive fish for aquarists.

live-bearing

A

to

DC3CX

irmni-

-im-mi

Winning Stock

| § n XJO

F. L. Route

2,

TAPPAN Hopkins, Minn.

3C=300

ft

KTOOOOOOOOOCXXXXai

HARRY

aquatic Etfe aaua Vol. Ill

Vol. II

$2.25 each, postage paid

Volumes average

165 pages and as many illustrations. Substantial cloth binding, with title page and complete index. (Stock of Volume II is small.)

One hundred copies of Volume I, loose or bound. Can use single issues. Address publisher.

WANTED:

OOOOCXX

1210 N.

PETERS

P.

Wamock

Street, Philadelphia,

Pa

BREEDER AND IMPORTER Rare and Fancy Fish Plants

every variety,

of

Aquarium Supplies

of

and

Snails

kinds at

all

all

times.

MANUFACTURER OF Green River Fish Food

)OOOaX>OOOg300CX3i

15c Box

Green River Baby Fish Food

JAPANESE GOLDFISH

By DR. HUGH M. SMITH

20c Box

A GOOD FISH FOOD

A

guide to the methods of breeding fancy goldfish practiced in Japan. The result of the personal investigations of the author.

Ten breeds are illustrated in color, with numerous text cuts; 112 pages. $2.00, plus

postage on 2 pounds.

'

Address Aquatic Life

most

31

HERMAN RABENAU, Aquatic Life must be seen

& Terraria

Large Assortment of fine

LIONHEADS

Welcome

Plants and Tropical Fish a Specialty Importations of

New

Shipping Cans 50 cents

Varieties received

HARRY

regularly

HAS Myrtle Avenue. Brooklyn,

1210

N. T.

PHILADELPHIA

—

w-inrv

PETERS

P.

NORTH WARNOCK STREET

Near Broadway.

8oc — norv

lOOOC

Large assortment of Splendid Telescopes and Jap Goldfish at Reasonable Prices

to be appreciated

Visitors

—

>OCX3<

Breeders

Aquarist

PERMANENT DISPLAY OF

one of the

is

necessary to keep fish in good health. After the test of years Green River stands out as the best food on the market.

It keeps the fish in good color by promoting a healthy, robust growth. It will not sour or cloud the water. Ask your dealer or send for it today. things

essential

>nno<

w

»»».

'

n-Dt-

u—

^

it

i

rwinnrtf-ifv-)!

30000CXXMOCZZ>OOOOOOOOOOCX)CZ3000000C

GOLDFISH, FOODS. PLANTS, DIP NETS Combination Natural Fish Food

•

Sample Box 10c

Japanese Shrimp Fish Food

-

Sample Can 15c

T. -

Raby Fish Food

Sample Box 15c

Glass Feeding Rings

15c, 25c 35c Each

Afai/ Urdtrs Promptly AltenJeJ to Special

Sent

l'i>on

::

Request.

New York

Proprietor.

Importers and Dealers

PLANTS

SNAILS

Dried Shrimp, Birds, Cages and All Supplies

AQUARIUM STOCK CO 273 Greenwich Street

MURATA,

1919-21 Bush Street, San Francisco, Cal

GOLDFISH

Price* on Quantity Loti.

Cash With Ordar.

Catalogue

Nippon Goldfish Go

City

NEW STOCKS ARE COMING! Price List Sent on Request

tS^