Capstone Book

APPALACHIA SERVICE PROJECT HEADQUARTERS AND YEAR ROUND CENTER

TO MY ASP FAMILY AND ALL OTHERS THAT HAVE HELPED ME ALONG THE WAY THANK YOU

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BIBLIOGRAPHY

FINAL PROJECT RESEARCH

BUILDING ANALYSIS

PROGRAM DEVELOPMENT

EXISTING CONDITIONS

TOPICAL EXPLORATIONS

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QUALITATIVE & TECHNICAL CRITERIA

CASE STUDIES

HISTORIOGRAPHY

DESIGN OBJECTIVES

DESIGN OBJECTIVES

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INTRODUCTION

For my senior capstone project I am working with ASP (Appalachia Service Project) to create a headquarters and year round center. ASP is a Christian ministry, open to all people, that inspires hope and service through volunteer home repair and replacement in Central Appalachia. The building program will be a mix of corporate office space for ASP headquarters and "center" space with more of a hostel feel to house ASP volunteers. I would also like to include a few rooms for temporary family placement, which would be set up similar to a hotel room; and if possible a small chapel. It is necessary for this building to be located in one of the five states ASP serves in Appalachia. I chose Johnson City, Tennessee as my location for a number of reasons, and I will be redesigning their current headquarters space.

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“WARMER, SAFER,

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DRIER 7

I decided to work with ASP for this project because it is such a big part of my life and it is something I am very passionate about. My church (The Community Presbyterian Church of Chester, NJ) has been joined by 6 other churches in the area to create BYG (Big Youth Group); a group that was originally created to give high school youth from the area the opportunity to have fellowship with one another. Our group began fundraising and going on ASP in 1993, making this past summer our 25th anniversary.1 Now I have a little story for you; the summer of 2011 I had just finished my freshman year of high school. My parents have always made me and my younger sister go to at least one week of camp during the summer and this year wasn't any different. This was the first year I was eligible to attend ASP so I had a choice: camp or ASP. I have always been actively involved in my church; however I didn't know many people on the trip. So being the introverted person I am, I kept to myself and didn't engage anyone for the first day.

Luckily there are friendlier people than me

that exist and I began coming out of my shell. poverty level, and have a good location for asp. There needs to be a substantial This is my second family and I couldn't population so asp can use the center for imagine my life without this trip. it's such an years; unfortunately there are many areas experience every year seeing how differently in such extreme poverty that asp cannot these families live and being able to hear service simply because there is nowhere to their stories and help them. "It is hard to house us. The headquarters should be close explain to someone that has never been to to the center of the service area, meaning it central appalachia or has been on a summer shouldn't be located along the shore in north work camp what their week will be like. how carolina, hours from anywhere we would serve. do you put a life changing experience into words? how do you explain that at the end Little did I know, the best place was actually of the week of working harder than you ever to keep it in johnson city, tennessee. most knew you could that all you want to do is to of my other research and knowledge on the stay and keep working? How do you explain topic comes from my own experience and that the family you didn't know seven days talking to others. my two 'professional' earlier has let you into their homes and advisors were also a big help, giving me hearts and will forever be with you?"2 It answers to any questions i had and telling really is an indescribable feeling and i am me about their experiences. one advisor is so excited to be able to give something the woman who runs our chapter; she has to those who give all their time to others. been going on the trip since she was in high school and has since gotten married I researched different areas in appalachia and had two kids. my other contact is a and poverty levels in order to determine woman who works at asp headquarters and the best location for my project. this area went on the trip a couple of times herself. has to be welcoming to service, have a high

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JUSTIFICATION

The applications list the work that needs to be done, how many people are living in the house and their ages, how many people are working in the household and what their yearly income is, if anyone has disabilities, ect. A lot of the time there is no wrong answer as to who gets eliminated, you just have to take everything into account when deciding. ASP looks at families with little to no income more favorably, because they don't have the resources to repair their homes.

People with disabilities are also looked at more favorably, because a lot of the time they are in this situation because they can't work.

This is true of a house I worked on in 2016; there was only one man in his 50s living there named Richard. Richard was injured when he was young and one of his legs was badly deformed, making it impossible for him to work. He was a very humble man and was on site every day helping us in any way he could. He loved getting to know us and he was so grateful for the work we had done. Richard had been living with a roof that was leaking and caving in, broken windows and destroyed siding from a bad hail storm. Fixing The headquarters and year round center I am proposing is Richards house only took two weeks and made such a difference for him. necessary for Central Appalachia and fits into the statistics of Johnson City, Tennessee. ASP services five states in ASP takes into account how much work the house requires and the type of Central Appalachia: Kentucky, North Carolina, Tennessee, work; problems that make the home dangerous or extremely uncomfortable Virginia, and West Virginia. With one in every five people rank above cosmetic work. So, a bad roof, broken plumbing, or no insulation living below the poverty level3, Appalachia has some of the are higher up on the list than broken siding or a paint job. It also matters worst poverty in the US. ASP receives hundreds of work how long the job is going to take; it's bad when someone has an abundance applications every year and unfortunately must turn most of broken windows but if that is the only thing the house really needs of them away. It's a difficult job, going through all of the done, it does not take priority. ASP will however keep the job in mind applications and seeing how much help these people need. in case a team finishes a job a day early and needs a small project.

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Appalachians have a high unemployment rate and disability rate, and Johnson City isn't any different at 38.5% disability rate. Poorer families tend to be those with a married-couple and those with a single mother; single fathers are not common.

Those that graduated high school also seem to do better; with high school graduates resting at a 25.4% poverty rate (the average for Johnson Citians) and those who did not graduate high school at a poverty rate of 41.8%.4 ASP has a goal to make homes warmer, safer, and drier and help

improve the area of Central Appalachia. We have already repaired 17,866 homes5 so there is plenty of proof to show how much of a difference we are making in these communities. This project indirectly helps the rest of the world by better developing and helping to prevent poverty from getting worse.

poverty is sometimes looked upon without sympathy. However; for those living below the poverty line in places like Appalachia this is their reality. Some wake up in the dark without electricity, some wake up cold with no heat or insulation in their walls, some wake up wet from the rain seeping through their roof. The Appalachia Service Project The subject of poverty ranks high on the works to create warmer, safer, drier homes global issues scale, but the Appalachia for those living in these conditions and helps Service Project focuses on the problem right to steadily decrease the poverty level. here in the United States. The U.S. is one of the richest countries in the world and our 1.2

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GENERAL DESIGN GOALS

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RESEARCH GOALS AND METHODS

To design a headquarters for ASP as well as a year round center. This entails having office space for the headquarters, including an outdoor work area. The year round center will be designed to house volunteers and must include space for them to sleep, as well as an 'activities' area and a cafeteria/ kitchen. The space should also include temporary housing for families when their homes are being repaired, and an active chapel for everyday use.

A vast amount of research on ASP and the program comes from talking with people from their headquarters, those who have been on the trip, and collegeaged center leaders. Understanding the needs of ASP and what they do is imperative in designing this space, and demonstrates the importance of acquiring strong contacts. The best way to fully understand life in Central Appalachia and ASP conditions is to experience it first hand. Talking with those who have knowledge on these conditions and conducting additional research on the area of Appalachia will help one to thoroughly grasp the situation. Outside research will be done through investigation of online and printed sources; specifically to help understand the history of Appalachia and how poverty has affected the area.

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THE ROLE OF THE DESIGNER The designer must overcome many challenges in this project type. The unique program requires careful space planning and forces the designer to consider how small the space is. Adjacencies and the hours of operation for each program affect noise levels in the building; another considerable issue that comes with this program. Noise levels are always a key element when it comes to designing a space, and the issue becomes more prominent when a corporate office is housed next to a group of boisterous teens. The designer also needs to think about the families that will be temporarily living there.

They could be included in the 'year round center' design, or the program could be kept separate giving the families their own personal space.

It is extremely important to create a space that tells the story of ASP and what it stands for.

SUSTAINABILITY OBJECTIVES ASP tries to be conservative and sustainable when it comes to fixing up houses, so the building housing their headquarters should reflect these habits. When the teams are on site they are aware of the waste that is produced and the cost of supplies. Materials are reused or repurposed whenever possible and volunteers use the rule 'measure twice cut once'. This rule was put in place by ASP and requires all volunteers to measure any material twice before cutting it; this helps to reduce waste and cut down on cost.

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CLIENT AND USERS

DEMOGRAPHICS 1.10

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This project will allow the client (Appalachia Service Project) to further expand their non profit organization. Building a center provides a reliable, permanent structure that can comfortably house volunteers. This eliminates the need to continuously look for housing that meets the ASP center requirements. The clients design objectives are mostly based on the program spaces they need and other basic design needs such as operable windows.

and ASP families. Each of the users fit into a different part of the program, and occupy the building for a different amount of time.

The employees are there year round and will be using the headquarters/office section of the program; it is important that they are comfortable in the space since they will be using it most often. ASP volunteers will be using the 'center' section of the program on a weekly basis. Generally volunteer groups stay for a week at a time, although it is Users of this building include ASP possible to stay for longer periods of time. headquarters employees, ASP volunteers, Volunteers do need a comfortable space

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but it is more important to just have enough space (sleeping area, kitchen/cafeteria, ect) since they are out at the sites for most of the day. The last users are the families that are being helped; they will be using the smallest portion of the program with access to a bedroom/bathroom and the same kitchen/cafeteria the volunteers use. While there is no limit on how long the families can stay, they will most likely only need to remain at the center for a day or two.

There are several different socio-economic groups associated with this design. ASP is a non-profit organization that helps low income families by repairing their houses. The employees that work in the ASP headquarters are typically middle class; while volunteers generally range from middle to upper class.

The demographic of the user varies because of the different groups using the space and because of the fact that volunteers can come from anywhere. The one thing the users have in common is their belief in God. Reverend Glenn 'Tex' Evans, the founder of ASP, was a United Methodist minister who wanted to connect the energy of the youth with the needs of the poor.6 The organization is not limited to Christian worshipers, however there are evening gatherings and devotions that are religiously based activities. The space does not need a strictly universal design approach, especially in the 'center' section; however the headquarters portion should have universal design. The center does not need universal design because of the demographics of the users. Volunteers must be able to construct houses, as a result none of them are handicapped; therefore it is not required to have a universal design.

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HISTORIOGRAPHY

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INTRODUCTION

The historiography that will be discussed is that of hostels and corporate headquarters.

The ASP headquarters and year round center that is being designed is most closely related to this combination of building typology; additional design requirements for ASP will also be taken into consideration in the final project. Not only will the history of these building types be examined, but also the evolution of the design, and conditions that may have affected the interior architecture.

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APPALACHIA SERVICE PROJECT In 1969, Rev. Glenn 'Tex' Evans - a United Methodist minister became one of the first people to connect the energy of youth with the deep needs of the poor. During Tex's 13 years as director at Henderson Settlement in Frakes, Kentucky, he witnessed the great need for home repair assistance. So as part of his alreadythriving outreach to the people of Appalachia, he recruited 50 teens and adult volunteers to repair homes in Barbourville, Kentucky. They worked on-site during the day and worshiped in the evenings. By summer's end, four families had safe, warm homes for the winter, fifty young lives had been changed forever - and a forty-seven-year-long legacy was born. But Tex was more than a leader; he was a born motivator. A true student of Appalachian culture and a legendary storyteller, he set the tone for what ASP is today: an extended family where laughter is king. Where relationships matter. And where changing the lives of families and volunteers alike is the highest priority of all.1

“WE ACCEPT PEOPLE RIGHT WHERE THEY ARE, JUST THE WAY THEY ARE.�

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HISTORY AND EVOLUTION Hostels are a concept of European architecture which is where the majority of them are located today. Today you could have anyone from an american college student studying abroad to a middle aged german man as your bunkmate; however this is not how it has always been. These dormitories began as 'youth hostels' in 1909 "in Brďƒśltal in the Sauerland region [of Germany].

A teacher, Richard Schirrmann, took shelter with his students during a summer thunderstorm in a vacant village school when they were on a hiking tour. In that night, Schirrmann developed the idea of creating a hostel for Germany's young hiking enthusiasts."2 The first hostels Schirrmann created were temporary; using schools and gyms with mattresses on the floor as shelter. The demand for cheap accommodations kept growing, resulting in the first permanent hostel being built in 1914. "The idea caught on very quickly, and by the 1930s there were more than two thousand hostels in Germany."3 The

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HOSTELS

concept of the International Work Party was born in 1935 in France, these groups helped to renovate and erect new hostels to further the hostel movement.

"There was something miraculous about it: not only in the sudden transformation of the Chateau de Brolles from a damp, dirty, dismantled house, which had been empty for twenty years, into a bright attractive Youth Hostel; but still more in the sudden friendship that sprang up, so real and deep, among the young people of different countries who did this work together."4 BUILDING CONSIDERATIONS "In addition to an inexpensive travel option for young people of all countries, the concept of intercultural exchange and joint engagement for peace and international understanding are the central focus [for hostels]."5 The typical hostel room can hold anywhere from 2 to 20 people, this includes a mixture of young and old, male and female. Because ASP is a Christian ministry it is more conservative,

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meaning the design must follow restrictions such as their 'no purpling' rule (men are blue, women are pink; no mixing colors). This requires separate sleeping quarters for men and women.

Community is also a big part of the hostel design, "it was in Germany, before the Nazis came to power, that the inclusion of a 'day room' or common room became codified as critical space within the hostel where travelers from many lands might meet and exchange ideas".6 One of the most emphasized benefits of staying in a hostel is the fact that you will meet new people. This is the same for ASP which means there will be spaces such as a communal cafeteria and kitchen, lounge/common area, and possibly an activity or gym area. In order to fit more people into the space, most hostels are pretty standard when it comes to room layouts and adjacencies. The 'dorm' room design of hostels is something important to take into consideration when designing sleeping quarters for the ASP center.

DEMOGRAPHICS AND SITE The origins of the youth hostel began in Germany more than a hundred years ago, as I stated above. "By the 80s, the needs of the modern-day traveller were changing.

Young people were starting to travel widely. They wanted smaller rooms, better toilets and showers - the comforts and convenience of the modern world."7 This became the evolution to modern day

hostels. Today youth hostels have expanded their demographic and their form. Hostels are no longer just for single travelling youths, but rather for anyone who wishes to stay in cheap accommodations. These dwellings are located in urban, suburban, and rural settings across the globe.

Although this type of accommodation is becoming increasingly popular, especially with younger millennials, hostels are still

most popular in Europe. There are several reasons for this occurrence including the fact that many people, especially in the United States, aren't aware this is an option. However, the main reason for the popularity in Europe is because hosteling started in Europe, and the tradition and culture of hosteling is more established there than it is anywhere else in the world.8

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CORPORATE HEADQUARTERS HISTORY AND EVOLUTION Corporate offices and headquarter buildings started in a different way on the other hand. In the late 19th century, offices started to become more and more popular in the Western world.9 There were many inventions that were created due to the popularization of offices, such as typewriters, calculating machines, and telephones.10 By 1900, about 100,000 citizens of the United States were working in offices with many different titles, such as secretaries, typists, etc.11 During this time, ergonomics became much more significant when designing for the everyday office employee. One of the first few changes in office furniture that was based on the comfort of the user was with the typewriter and desk designs.

The use of elegant rolltop desks were shortly lived once the equipment needed for a daily task was becoming difficult.

for more interactions between employees rather than the traditional layout of individual rooms per person. Designers who studied the world of human behaviors notice that employees who have fun at their job are much more likely to work harder during the day. For example, Google Headquarters is a multilocated headquarters business that prides itself in the unique office layouts and work space opportunities. Hammocks instead of chairs. Slides instead of stairs. Game rooms instead of conference areas.12 Google is one of the many corporate spaces that create entertainment within a work environment while allowing individuals' creativity to flow.

Since the beginning of office design to modern day aesthetics, corporate spaces are becoming places that employees want to come to instead of dreading each morning.

BUILDING CONSIDERATIONS In modern architecture and design, corporate offices Throughout the years, corporate spaces are requiring different means of workspaces began being designed in a way that allowed that employees can take advantage of to

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improve their quality of work. A major issue that is seen in office design is unflattering fluorescent lighting which can affect an individual greatly. Modern designs are aiming to access natural daylight and incorporating that into the building space because there is an improvement of productivity and allows employees to work harder for longer.

Materiality choices with a mass amount of hard surfaces such as tiling and wood floors from when offices were in the beginning stages of use made employees extremely uncomfortable. Carpeted spaces, ample acoustic systems, and accents with woods are seen in modern corporate aesthetics because it makes employees more comfortable when working eight hour shifts five days a week. Improving the quality of design in a corporate setting has been the mission since day one, and these improvements were made with simple changes such as monitor heights, seating options, and acoustic solutions.

PRECEDENTS AND SITE Since there are many different functions and purposes for corporate offices and headquarter buildings, there are such diverse locations and demographics. In the early 19th century, corporations were located in cities and separated from the areas where individuals lived (i.e. the suburbs).13 While some corporations have spread out into more spacious areas, the city is still a hotspot for most headquarters.

DEMOGRAPHICS AND SOCIO ECONOMIC CONDITIONS Even with the types of people who were affiliated with large corporate offices, white, middleaged men were and still are seen as the prime demographic. Women and minorities in a modern society are capable of working in any business they'd like, but they are still seen as second when it comes to the original concept of a 'businessman'. With traditional corporations, only the upper-middle economic class were able to receive training for occupations such as a typist or a secretary.

Nowadays, individuals of all economic classes are able to work in the setting but may still be in a low financial rating.

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CASE STUDIES

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INTRODUCTION

Case studies will be conducted to understand and evaluate the qualitative and quantitative requirements of the proposed building type and its users. Two case studies will focus on the building program and ASP requirements; a third looks at a successful corporate office; and the last will analyze a popular hostel.

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HARLAN COUNTY ASP CENTER VERDA CHILD DEVELOPMENT CENTER HEADSTART PROGRAM

ADDRESS 54 VERDA SCHOOL RD EVARTS, KENTUCKY HARLAN COUNTY

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INTRODUCTION

The Appalachia Service Project uses temporary facilities to house volunteers during their stay in the region. These centers are chosen by far and few requirements established by those at ASP headquarters.

Volunteers should be invited into the area and provide service to those who want it; it is disappointing to see areas of the lowest income still suffering because there is simply nowhere for them to stay. These accommodations must be large enough, have a kitchen, and a hardware provider needs to be close by.

JUSTIFICATION One of these such centers is located at 54 Verda School Rd Evarts, Kentucky in Harlan county and it was used

by BYG (a group of six churches from Northern New Jersey) and the Community Presbyterian Church of Chester, New Jersey (among others) this past summer. Harlan county has a population of just over 27,000 which has decreased exponentially since the 1950s when there was over 70,000 people living in the county. The reason for the decrease was largely in part due to the mining business. Mining is a large part of the economy in Appalachia and with the coal supply drying up there are not enough jobs for minors. This unfortunate development has led to the decline in their economy and driven people out of the area. This leaves Harlan county at a poverty level of 40.1%; meaning the average family of 4 lives off less than $20,000 a year. This is more than twice the national poverty average, and sadly makes these families excellent candidates.

Child Development Center. KCEOC's Child Development program (run through HeadStart and Early HeadStart) is a federally funded, community based program for pregnant women and families with children three through five years of age. It operates as a preschool or Child Development program which promotes school readiness by enhancing the social and cognitive development of children through the provision of educational, health, nutritional, social and other services. Additional uses are summer programs/summer classes including ASP, karate classes, dance classes, and an available gym. ASP has used this school for 9 years as a summer center.

The capacity of this building is 88, and only allows a small group of volunteers. Normal

size ASP groups are up to 80 people, which would just fit; however ASP does have the need for "super centers" which house up to 120. The HeadStart school main building was completed in the fall of 1968 and attached to an existing gym that the town police use. The building was built on a low budget and has become somewhat unattractive over time. The original design included walls that moved to create a open concept; these mobile walls now just look like poorly placed pieces of GWB. Although this building may not be the most attractive, it does clearly lay out the different spaces needed for an ASP center as well as give an approximate size for said areas.

BUILDING OVERVIEW The Harlan county, Kentucky center is located in the Verda

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DESIGN CONCEPT The building was designed as a small, simplistic school for its current use. No real concept is apparent, however it is apparent that this was not the original use of the building. There is a gym located in an attached building that was erected before the main structure; this was confirmed by Felicia Wooten, the Harlan county Property Valuation Administrator. Some of the interior walls were later added as moveable partition walls, These dividers were built

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SITE The entire town of Evarts is extremely rural; there is one main road which winds through the Appalachian Mountains and runs through the town.

This preschool is located off the main road, on a dirt path in between residential housing and a river, and close to some train tracks. The outdoor 'play area' is fenced in, however this may not have been the most ideal location for a school because of the proximity to the train tracks. One that is trying to locate the school for the first time would get lost if there were more than 2 roads in this town. This is still a low economic area, which can be seen by the living conditions of those located around the school.

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DEMOGRAPHIC AND SOCIO ECONOMIC CONDITIONS The general demographic for this building is 3-5 year old Caucasian children attending the preschool, and Caucasian staff 25-55 years of age; most of which are from low income families. The gender of the children is mixed, however there is a greater percentage of female staff. ASP users range 1460 years old (high school students, college students, and adults), the majority of which are Caucasian, and four college age staff members. Most volunteers are from middle class, upper-middle class, and upper class families; and the majority have gone to college or are planning on attending.

with poor craftsmanship and look out of place. There is also a third structure just behind the school which is labeled as 'Yocum Creek Fire Station no.2 established 1983'. The fire station is no longer located at this address, however that was the original intention for the lot.

WAYFINDING AND ASP ACCESS The building is divided into columns, alternating offices-hallway-classrooms & cafeteria/kitchen-hallwayclassrooms (see graphics for clarification). This means there are entrance/exits at either end of the hallways and the only way to get from one hallway to the other is to go outside or through the cafeteria. Although it is smart to keep the offices and classrooms separate this is an unusual solution. ASP had limited access to the building, so the strange layout did not pose any problems for the group. ASP was restricted to the main classroom hallway, we were allowed two rooms for staff, five classrooms to use as sleeping quarters, one room to house supplies, access to the cafeteria, the bathrooms in both hallways, and the outdoor land for activities and 'showers'.

MATERIALS AND FINISHES The materials in the space are harder to clean: There is more drywall used, rather than cement blocks, and it isn't treated with anything to make it easier to wash. There is a lot of carpet which is good for small children but is harder to clean which is very apparent in this space. ASP only needs a certain amount of 'easy to clean' spaces but for a building supposed to cater to small children this building isn't very preschool-friendly. The only thing on the wall are beat up chalk boards and the only colors are dull and faded.

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EVALUATION If given the chance I would change everything about the building; the design, the layout, and the landscaping. The only good thing is that there is enough space for everyone, and separate sleeping areas for men and women are provided. This building wasn't chosen as a case study for its design purposes, it was chosen to illustrate the basics of what ASP needs in a center. The volunteers ended up building outdoor showers out of treated plywood and plastic from chickfil-a catering for us to use. This shows just how little is needed in order to help the people of Appalachia.

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“GIVE AND IT SHALL BE GIVEN UNTO YOU�

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ASP HEADQUARTERS APPALACHIA SERVICE PROJECT CURRENT HEADQUARTERS

ADDRESS 4523 BRISTOL HIGHWAY JOHNSON CITY, TENNESSEE SULLIVAN COUNTY

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INTRODUCTION

The Appalachia Service Project (ASP) current headquarters is used as a case study in order to help develop the program. This building currently houses all of the corporate office space in a 7,000 square-foot-onestory-building. The original structure was a prefabricated 5,500 square foot building, constructed in 1993.

BUILDING OVERVIEW A small addition was required when ASP outgrew the initial space; so in the spring of 2012 accountant offices and a conference room were added.

The corporate headquarters is located on the Bristol Highway in Johnson City, Tennessee; not far from Interstate 81.

ASP owns the building and surrounding land that contains two warehouses, plot land for a volunteer center, and a driveways which houses 80-90 vehicles (ASP staff uses these vans to transport materials to the worksites throughout the day).

access to the headquarters, which is why they decided to locate it in a major city.

The location also benefits from easy access to a hardware store and wood supply.

DEMOGRAPHICS AND SOCIO ECONOMIC CONDITIONS The year round staff of thirty people increases to forty during the summer, when ASP has their busy season. This staff consists of 17 males and 23 females, ranging from 18-70 years

of age. Employees are almost exclusively caucasian which fits the demographic of the surrounding area. The ethnicity of the state of Tennessee is 81.2% caucasian, and Johnson City is 91.3%.3 The staff of this non-profit organization all agree they chose to work for ASP because they are passionate about the subject, and not because of the money involved. Even so, the majority of workers are middle class and are content with their jobs.

JUSTIFICATION The area of Johnson City has a 25.1% poverty rate, meaning one quarter of all residents live below the poverty line.1 This is typical for those living in Appalachia, and unfortunately makes this a high risk area. ASP services the most poverty stricken parts of Central Appalachia; including towns in Kentucky, North Carolina, Tennessee, Virginia, and West Virginia. Johnson City is very central to all of the serviced areas and has a population of 66,677 (as of July, 2016).2 It is important to have easy

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BUILDING LAYOUT As stated earlier, this was a prefabricated building originally built in 1993. The rectangular metal structure of the building outlines the straightforward floor plan. One circuit hallway connects all of the offices, and in the center is the employee lounge.

The lounge was previously used as a meeting room, before the 2012 renovation. This design has left a kitchen and plastic tables in a carpeted room. This expanding company has already outgrown the addition; people are standing around during meetings because there is no room at the 'meeting table', and summer staff are being forced to share desks.

MATERIALS AND FINISHES The entire building is very monochromatic and repetitive, the only custom element are the framed pictures of ASP sites hung on the walls. All of the walls are white gypsum wallboard, there is a multicolor broadloom carpet throughout the building, and the ceiling is made up of 2x4 acoustic ceiling tiles. Metal desks and filing cabinets are seen in each room, accompanied by black office chairs. Grey cubicle partitions are used as dividers, and white plastic folding tables are used in place of meeting tables. There building is very mundane and plain, however all surfaces are easy to clean. The carpet adds a small amount of color and hides dirt well.

LIGHTING, SOUND, AND VENTILATION Sound machines are used throughout the office to counterbalance the thin walls.

Voices carry easily throughout the small building which causes problems, especially if some of the staff are eating lunch in the lounge while others are trying to work. The space is also desperately in need of natural light and operational windows.

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   

 

This metal box has small windows in many of the offices which don't allow a lot of light into the space. Scattered amongst the ceiling tiles are 2x4 fluorescent lights to help illuminate the offices. No pendant lights or recessed lights are used, and there are no task lights for the desks.

Light shelves could be used to reflect natural light into the building and skylights would help brighten this one story space. Operational windows are extremely important and can help to properly ventilate a building.

Low ventilation can lead to sick building syndrome; "a constellation of symptoms that usually includes fatigue, headache, dry, itchy skin, and irritation of mucous membranes in the eyes, nose, and throat.

Unlike building-related diseases, these symptoms tend to disappear once people are out of the suspect building. But not always. In some people, the constant exposure of working in a sick building can trigger sensitivities and auto-immune conditions that are difficult to treat."4 EVALUATION This building does not have any character and needs updating. I was able to talk to some of the employee who were available about their thoughts on the building. Operational windows were a considerable concern from all parties; because this is a prefabricated building all of the windows are picture windows and therefore they do not help with building ventilation. The building needs to be updated by using patterned fabrics, modern furniture and accessories. Currently the only thing that makes the building identifiable as ASPs property are the pictures on the walls. The layout is simple and has exceptional wayfinding but I would change the design of the interior. The most important thing the building needs is a design that makes it easily detectable as ASPs.

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“WE MAKE A LIVING BY WHAT WE GET. WE MAKE A LIFE BY WHAT WE GIVE”

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ANTAO HEADQUARTERS ANTAO GROUP ZHEJIANG SHENG PROVINCE

ADDRESS BLOCK A, BUILDING 16 SHI QIAO LU, HANGZHOU SHI CHINA

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INTRODUCTION

The Antao Group is an international design consultancy group, founded in 2001. They provide governments and top-class enterprises with services such as architectural design, landscape design, urban planning, and interior design to help create influential products.1 Antao showed its unique vision when it comes to design and site selection with their headquarters. The company renovated a decrepit factory that had been abandoned for years, and the space now stands as an example of their ambition to improve urban space.2

BUILDING OVERVIEW Antao's design 3.13 philosophy is to focus in humanity, earth and individuals inner experience3 which is demonstrated through their headquarters building. The 32,291 square foot building renovation was headed by lead designer and architect Zhan Min. The considerable project required help from designers Cheng Qingying, Liu Yang, and Ye Hao; as well as architect Cao Yuying. Antao completed the headquarters in 2017 with a $1,136,019 budget.4 SITE Looking at Hangzhou's city pattern, the southern riverside section and the western Xixi section have become the city's vital areas of expansion. However, the region north of the Desheng Elevated Road has not yet been updated.5 On one 3.14 side of Shiqiao Road, the former Hangzhou Textile Machinery Factory is now redefined as 'Hangzhou Longitude And Latitude International Creative Industry Park'.6 It is only a 15 minute drive from Hangzhou East Station,7 enjoying an extremely advantageous location indeed energized by Antao's moving in in 2017, despite that the matching facilities are not yet fully developed.8

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BUILDING DESIGN One of the biggest challenges in designing this building was how to create and interdependent public area and work space, in order to meet the demand of 200 employees. After comparing a number of options the designers decided to make the first floor a open, public area; leaving the two upper floors available for office space. The designers weakened the workplace hierarchical system

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by eliminating the use of cubicles. A 3229 square foot enclosed atrium cuts through all 3 floors, opening up to a large skylight. The space is able to receive the most natural light through the roof of the factory building.

WAYFINDING The main entrance of the building is located on the east side. In order to maintain the integrity of the first floor, the stairs connecting the three floors are

modestly designed on the side of the building not easily found. At the entrance one can see the entire first floor, and even glimpse the courtyard at the west end. The upper floors have both private conference rooms and open meeting areas of various sizes in order to fulfill the needs of the staff.

Open workplaces run down the sides of the building, where the only partitions are a variety of potted plants, baskets, and green

plants. The open layout of the building allows easy access throughout. One can travel to the west side of the building by passing through the bustling three-story work area; an iron track is located several hundred feet from the building. A train passes by slowly every half an hour on average as a backdrop to the busy work area. Instead of arranging any work positions, the west boundary is reserved for a massive free

space enclosed by green vegetation and seats. The afternoon sunshine through the window allows people to stay comfortable and have free flowing creativity.9 ARCHITECTURE Not too much thought was given to the facade design of the building.

The cement wall in metal mesh seems to take on a hazy coat that shows subtle changes in color at different times of the day, which

also implies a continued industrial style in the new era. The transparent glass entrance at the first floor maintains the face of modern architecture. Moreover, the architect retains the original crane truss and mechanical devices in the plant as a memory of the industrial age in last century.10 The original concrete used contributes to the buildings sustainability and the industrial style.

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MODERN DAY DESIGN "From the Facebook headquarters (designed

by Frank Gehry, 2014) in California, U.S to the Antao Planet 16th (a nickname of Antao's headquarters) in Hangzhou, a consistency regardless of national boundaries is seen: employees do not have to strictly stick to their cube-farms - they can bring their mobile device and choose any space for private pondering or multi-person meeting; partitions are no longer needed to separate offices from other spaces, while translucent glasses and green vegetation can be used instead so that people can see each other and feel a professional atmosphere; there is no longer a more than eight hours' boundary between work and life, which instead integrate into each other, so that work becomes a part of life. We can choose to begin work at any time, as long as we ensure smooth connection with our customers and collaborators."11 MATERIALS AND FURNITURE The modern industrial style of the building is displayed with material and furniture choices throughout the building. Office furniture in steel and wood texture were chosen to look amiable and practical, set off by the rich green plants background. Concrete floors, walls, and ceiling minimize the waste of other materials while keeping with the design style. Wood and glass are elegant, minimal choices that help brighten the design and allow employees to customize the space.

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CLIENT AND USERS The Antao group plays the role of the designer and the client in this case. This Chinese design firm renovated an abandoned building for their headquarters. Users of this space include Antao employees and their clients. Employees are divided into workstations on the second and third floors. The executives populate the few private offices on the top two floors, while sharing the break areas with designers.

EVALUATION This space evokes the industrial feel which could be applied to the building being designed. An industrial look would help to bring the raw feeling of the ASP (Appalachia Service Project) worksite into their new headquarters.

ANTAO headquarters also does an excellent job of incorporating natural light and plants; ultimately increasing the air quality of this redesigned concrete struscture.

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GENERATOR HOSTEL PARIS LOCATION

ADDRESS 9-11 PLACE DU COLONEL FABIEN 75010 PARIS FRANCE

BUDGET With being noted as one of the trendiest chain of hostels and it's location in Paris, France, this building required a high budget to keep up with the brand. This specific hostel is also the largest Generator hostel ever designed. The furniture and material selections were chosen to be universal throughout all different types of socioeconomic classes that way many different types of people will feel comfortable in the space.

JUSTFIFCATION Generator is a hostel brand that aims in making guests feel comfortable in a space that is far away from home while still allowing them to be sociable and interact with the surrounding culture. Although this setting is in an urban area, the Appalachian hostel proposal can incorporate eclectic designs and colorful spaces to break the classic design of hostels in America. Many people who stay in hostels are traveling to different countries and have planned itineraries to experience the city, where the hostel is just a place to stay overnight. Hostels can create an experience in of themselves that can express the surrounding culture and area.

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INTRODUCTION

The Generator is a popular hostel located in Paris, France. The 30,600 square foot hostel was designed by Design Agency and is part of a chain with 12 destinations throughout Europe. The chain also has 2 up-and-coming locations in Madrid, Spain and Miami, Florida, United States.1

CLIENT AND USERS The owner, client, and users are all interested 3.22 in this space for mostly the same reasons. The client and users 3.23 are travelers that are inspired by the romantic atmosphere that is Paris and take a liking to the arts and design. Many local artists were incorporated into the design of this building which increased the sense of locality. The owner, however still being interested in the arts and design, aims to have sociable interactions between people of many different backgrounds and cultures so that they learn more than just the Parisian lifestyle.2

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SITE AND CONTEXT Nearby are art galleries, shops, cafes, bars, and other trendy spots because it's located in the eclectic 10th Arrondissement. Also, right across the street is the prestigious French Communist Headquarters, Canal Saint-Martin, and Buttes-Chaumont Park.3 This area is a highly toured area, and is

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only twenty minutes away from the Eiffel finds mixed with pops of color allow for a Tower. This location for a hostel allows creative twist combining reality with fiction.4 for many guests to discover and stay at.

FLOOR PLAN Being ten floors high, the DESIGN CONCEPT The overall concept for hostel has seven floors that are used as the designers was to create a romantic and a residence area. The basement has a cinematic experience that individuals get when bar, the main level has the reception and they walk down the streets of Paris. Vintage other lobby experiences, the next seven

floors have the hostel rooms and interactive lounges, and the rooftop just opened with a crepe bar and hang-out space.

A majority of the spaces are public for guests, because communication and social interaction is important in this type of design and each person feels comfortable in a space differently than another person.5

CIRCULATION AND WAYFINDING When entering the hostel, there is a straight route to the reception desk that is lit up with bright neon lights and a dark background.

There are many different staircases that temporary residents can access but there is no clear distinction on what they lead to

exactly. Cafe's and "mezzanine chillout" spaces are located towards the rear side of the building as to show a continuity on each level. Since the group floor is very large and the first level that everyone sees, the reception desk does have a wayfinding system that shows the direction of restrooms, the upper rooms, and the cafe.

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ENVIRONMENTAL SYSTEMS There is central air ventilation throughout the entire building and is exposed throughout the ground floor and dining areas.

The HVAC system becomes hidden in the private rooms and chillout spaces.

SUSTAINABILITY Materiality in the space is what is used throughout the construction such as a lot of concrete. There are also multiple green walls that are incorporated in many of the interaction spaces like the lobby and mezzanines. The roof is also somewhat of a green roof that residents can interact with. Some of the interaction spaces have walls that incorporate the exposed concrete construction which gives the space a darker and urban vibe. Reclaimed woods are also used as a design element in the dining space on the ground floor.

MATERIALS AND FINISHES Concrete and wood are the two major materials that are expressed highly throughout the design. Ranging from urban to midcentury modern aesthetics, the concrete and wood are stained and distressed in different ways for each different space. Leathers and patterns are used heavily in the social spaces, meanwhile the bedrooms are left pristine and minimal as a way to relax from the hectic design within the building and the surrounding areas outside.

These material choices are inspired off of being universally appreciated but still centered around the modern parisian aesthetic.

FF&E En-suite bathrooms within the resident spaces require a shower, sink, and toilet minimally. Hostel spaces also have sleeping options like bunk beds, twin beds, and penthouse opportunities that residents will need. The dining area requires a functioning kitchen with commercial grade equipment and various seating opportunities.

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ART, DECORATIVE ELEMENTS AND ACCESSORIES The artwork and added design elements within Generator are highly eclectic and urban-driven. Marquees, printed wallpapers/ wallcoverings, LED lighting designs, and game tables are included in every space besides the suites.

These were added to express the trendy qualities of the city that the hostel is surrounded by.

COLOR The colors within Generator are vast because each space has it's own style and image. Some spaces are bursting with warm colors such as oranges, yellows, and browns, where other spaces are dark and intimate while being predominantly black. The bedrooms have cool hues with white bedding and minimal design features, but the public spaces are eclectic with many different color palettes. These spaces however require a lot more lighting, most of which isn't natural daylighting.

LIGHTING LED lights and marquee signs are the most eye-catching moments within the space. There are also large HID lighting options in high-ceiling spaces. There is very minimal natural daylight, except for in the residential areas where there are large floor to ceiling windows and balconies. The facade on the ground floor has large windows but the natural daylight does not reach deep into the space for it to make a large impact. Artificial lighting is the main source of light within Generator.

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EVALUATION The Generator is a chain of well known hostels; I had the opportunity to stay at their Paris location which was a wonderful experience. As soon as you enter you are greeted with with a modern industrial lobby area. There is a clear wayfinding system and plenty of extra amenities including a bar, dance floor, and outdoor patio. Hostel rooms are offered in different sizes and each bed comes with a personal charging station, shelf, light, and lockable storage box. One negative was the lighting in the hallways. Trying to locate hostel rooms was difficult because of the dim lighting and dark grey, black, and red color palette. Overall the quantitative needs were met, and the various design styles used were welcoming and fresh.

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TECHNICAL CRITERIA

4 55

INTRODUCTION

Section 4 will discuss qualitative and technical criteria for the building type being studied.

Physical needs and human dimensions related to the project type are to be researched; as well as universal design and codes.

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ERGONOMICS HOSTEL Hostel design is a balance between public space and hostel rooms; this is similar to the ratio needed for the ASP center. The designer needs to consider a layout which allows visitors to be close to their belongings.

OFFICE Human engineering in the headquarters section of the design relies heavily on workstation ergonomics. There are five critical items for a fully ergonomic workstation. These tools work together to promote comfort and health during the workday, while minimizing the risk of pain and musculoskeletal disorder.1

Each room will house between 15 and 20 rooms. This segregation extends to toilet people by providing bunk beds and storage and shower areas which will also include space for each persons belongings. Being a storage space for towels and toiletries. church oriented organization, ASP requires men and women to be housed in separate 4.4

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The designer must specifically pay attention to the ergonomics of the bunk beds. It is important to allow the user to access the top bunk with ease. There is a wide age range of people who attend this trip and it is critical that the sleeping quarters are comfortable for everyone.

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The proper task chair is the first step to a exceptional workstation. The best ergonomic task chairs promote spontaneous movement and offer easy, intuitive operation. A chair that automatically adjusts to your body's needs with dynamic recline and lumbar support will help to ensure no back pain. Armrests that connect to the back of the chair - so they move with you during recline - are also a valuable feature.

Monitor arms serve dual purposes in the ergonomic workspace. In addition to enabling the correct positioning of the monitor, monitor arms clear valuable desktop space for other users and can make smaller workspaces more productive. Likewise, laptop holders allow for the ergonomic use of a laptop computer by propping the monitor up into an easy-to-view position and requiring the use of an external keyboard and mouse.

Keyboard supports form the bridge between the user and the computer. They help prevent wrist pain and carpal tunnel syndrome, allow the upper body to relax, and maximize the function of an ergonomic task chair by enabling the user to work while fully engaged with the lumbar support.

Keyboard supports with negative tilt adjustability will keep wrists straight and protect them from injury.2

Incorporating height-adjustable solutions into your workstation is essential for a balanced and healthy way of working. The benefits of sit to stand workstations have become increasingly proven in recent years; advantages go beyond increasing our wellbeing and reducing the risk of injury. Research has shown that standing for just 15 minutes every hour boosts circulation, takes pressure off the spine and balances muscle use. This simple refresh of the body and mind can enhance productivity and reduce fatigue.4

An often-overlooked ergonomic essential, the task light provides the right amount of light necessary for viewing hard copy documents and helps prevent glare and Computer Vision Syndrome - a condition affecting up to 90% of computer users which causes eyestrain, eye fatigue, dry eyes, light sensitivity, blurred vision, headaches and other symptoms.3 Task lighting has even been linked to boosts in mood and productivity, and allows lower levels of ambient lighting, yielding significant reductions in energy usage and associated costs.

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LIGHTING

COMMERCIAL KITCHEN An ergonomic kitchen allows the chef to do all of their work with minimal bending, walking, or reaching. By designing with ergonomics in mind the amount of injuries, discomfort, and fatigue will be reduced.5 Creating work zones in a commercial kitchen will help reduce chaos. Zones will be used for different tasks such as; prep, baking, frying, cooking, plating, and cleaning.6

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HOSTEL A variety of lighting elements should be provided in hostels and other building types in the hospitality industry.

Daylighting is important to help connect the user to nature as well as supporting human health and well-being. "The revised Building Regulations Approved Document L, for the first time acknowledges the well proven benefits of natural light, and the effectiveness of rooflights in providing daylight into a structure. In industrial and commercial buildings revised Document L

of the Building Regulations recommends a minimum rooflight area of 10%, and a notional Standard based on 20% rooflight area."7 It is important to give users different lighting options to allow them an opportunity to tailor the space to their wants and needs. As well as using daylighting, general lighting should be added to all communal areas and hallways.

Each hostel room should have general lighting and task lighting for each bed and work surface; this allows the user to create a more comfortable, personal atmosphere.

A kitchen can be very dangerous and must be well lit in order to prevent injuries.

COMMERCIAL KITCHEN Commercial kitchens do not rely on natural lighting because of how unpredictable it can be; instead, task lighting is distributed around the kitchen. General lighting is then used to brighten the entire space, usually in the form of flush or suspended light panels.

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OFFICE Office spaces need general lighting and task lighting; however, daylighting is very important in offices because of the stagnant nature of the building type. Scientists at the Lighting Research Center in Troy, New York have reported 'daylit environments increase occupant productivity and comfort, and provide the mental and visual stimulation necessary to regulate human circadian rhythms.' "The biological processes that regulate our sleep-wake cycle make up our circadian system. Primarily through the use of the neurohormone melatonin, our circadian system regulates our patterns of alertness and sleepiness. Without exposure to normal 24-hour light-dark cycles, a person's sleep-wake cycle can stray by as much as two hours per day."8 An imbalanced sleep cycle can eventually lead to sleep disorders and chronic sleep debt.

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WAYFINDING

4.17

Effective and appropriate wayfinding solutions don't happen by accident but instead require careful planning and forethought. In order to derive the greatest financial benefits, an organization must integrate wayfinding at the beginning of its facility's design and construction process rather than at the end. Fortunately, modern wayfinding solutions - from flexible modular signs to interactive digital displays - excel in meeting just about every need an organization may have, whether it's enhancing a visitor's experience throughout a facility or reinforcing the organizational brand, or both.9 4.19

4.18

Universal Design is the design and composition of an environment so that it can be accessed, understood and used to the greatest extent possible by all people regardless of their age, size, ability or disability. An environment (or any building, product, or service in that environment) should be designed to meet the needs of all people who wish to use it. This is not a special requirement, for the benefit of only a minority of the population. It is a fundamental condition of good design. If an environment is accessible, usable, convenient and a pleasure to use, everyone benefits. By considering the diverse needs and abilities of all throughout the design process, universal design creates products, services and environments that meet peoples' needs. Simply put, universal design is good design.10

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TOPICAL EXPLORATIONS

5 67

INTRODUCTION

Creating a program and a sound structural system are both important to provide, however; it is often the less tangible intentions that transform a design into an exceptional and memorable human experience. A good human centered design investigates the values, behavioral norms, psychological and sociological needs; while also using color theory and lighting strategies.

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HUMAN CENTERED DESIGN

5.1 5.2

This specific building type combines the functions of a hostel and a corporate office; therefore a variety of users occupy the building. The program is divided up into two sections to separate these two building types and allow each design to evolve to fit the users. One must look at the energy and behavioral needs of each space. The office space needs to focus on acoustics while stimulating the brain with light, color and temperature so users stay focused.

The year round center, which is based on a hostel design, does not need to focus on acoustics as much as office design. This space must be more flexible and should focus more on the behavioral needs of the users. Ergonomics is an extremely important aspect of design and it is used to make the experience more enjoyable. However, one could argue ergonomics is more important in an office space because of the stationary nature of the building type. The center, on the other hand, is much more flexible and is meant to transform to fit the users needs.

HOSPITALITY Hospitality businesses have as purpose to offer an amazing experience for their visitors and persuade them to come again. In a restaurant, for example, the quality of food affects a lot the impression of the client in the business, but what also plays an important role is the state of mind the client is in the first place.

An unpleasant mood generates a negative review. And one thing is sure; businesses don't want their customers to leave their premises disappointed or unhappy. For this reason, the interior designer chosen to plan the space of the hotel, restaurant, spa or any other hospitality business must set on the theme and the experience the place wants to convey and choose the right colors accordingly. Yellow, even though it is the hardest color for the human eye to process, it promotes happiness, and is associated with warmth, optimism and cheerfulness. Yellow can also increase the metabolism and give energy. It is a smart

choice to use this color in the breakfast areas in a restaurant or hotel. Blue is the color of calm and serenity. Studies showed that this color lowers blood pressure and heart rate. It is also the most productive color. Blue is an excellent choice for offices, bedrooms or even spas to keep visitors calm and relaxed. Red, as opposite to blue, raises the heart rate and blood pressure.

This color is known to stimulate emotions and energy, and also to promote appetite making it a great choice for restaurants.

Orange, just like red, is also an appetite stimulant. This color gives a warm and fun feeling. Orange could be a perfect color to adopt for a vitrine space for its ability to grab passersby's attention. Green is the color of nature. It gives a feeling of serenity, tranquility and health. It is also an appropriate color for concentration and relaxation. Therefore, it can be a good choice for spas, patios and garden furniture. Purple gives a rich, luxurious and

calming feeling. It is a good choice for a lobby to keep a positive feeling about a hotel. However, this color must stay away from restaurants, as it is an appetite oppressor.1 When designing, hospitality businesses must be aware that there are no standard colors for restaurants, hotels or spas. It all depends on the theme and personality to project. What should also be taken into consideration are the materials of the furniture used in a space. If a business is targeting high class society, it would be appropriate to use luxurious rattan furniture instead of plastic ones. In addition, restaurants, spas and hotels furniture must match the surrounding whether outdoor or indoor. The choice of outdoor furniture for hotels, beaches and restaurants requires knowledge in the materials to use to maintain their good shape and condition in all types of weather.2 Metal, aluminum and rattan outdoor furniture are the best options to equip a garden or patio.

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OFFICE One of the most interesting studies for online marketers is Buffer's study on how colors affect how users interact with a website. It explains 'why Facebook is blue' and why particular sites opt to choose certain colors in designing their website. If you have the ability (and resources) to create a fresh atmosphere to match your company's vibe, pick certain colors that go with your employees. Companies with resources like Google have the ability to test what colors make different departments or employees more productive. So they'll constantly repaint a room within a department to see how it affects someone's mood.3

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the office than it does on someone at a restaurant. A color which might stimulate someone in an office setting could cause an individual at a restaurant to lose their appetite. Blue is universally known as an excellent color for productivity. It is also a stable and calming color that helps workers focus on the task at hand. Green is a good color for people who work long hours. It does not cause eye fatigue and helps you remain calm and efficient at the same time. Yellow is known as an optimistic color and can help stimulate creativity. So designers and people who need to be creative for their job should have the color integrated into their work space. Red is great for a job or task Unfortunately, not all businesses have that involves physical activity. Red has been those kind of resources, but there are shown to increase the heart rate, blood alternative ways to test ones mood. Keep flow, and also invoke emotion and passion.4 a calm atmosphere by having a nice light blue room; and have a couple of green or APPALACHIAN POVERTY Appalachian red rooms for meetings. By using these poverty is a major problem and it's a problem rooms daily and getting some feedback that goes largely unnoticed by the rest of the through surveys, one will be able to see country. After seeing that nearly a quarter if color will affect the employees at all. of Appalachian Kentuckians are below the poverty line, it would be easy to assume that Color has different effects on someone in the unemployment rate would be to blame

but that isn't the whole story. In 2014, the unemployment rate for the US was 6.2% and the Appalachian region was at 6.5%.

Kentucky's rate was only 2% higher. So it would be best to look at the per capita income of Appalachia against the entire US.

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One of the main poverty issues of Appalachia stems from the fact that the employed population of these states make significantly lower amounts of money than the rest of the US. In 2014, the per capita income of the Appalachian region of Kentucky was only $30,308 while the entire US was at $46,049. The number for the region taken as a whole comes out to $37,260, which is only 80.9%5 of the US per capita income.

A third issue adding Appalachian poverty is disability. "None of us should be surprised that the cost of the program was rising," says Stephen Goss, Social Security's chief actuary. He says the program's growth is mostly a consequence of demographic change. Older workers are more likely to get sick, and as women have entered the workforce, they too have become eligible for benefits.8

Increased investment in Appalachia is needed to fix the issues of employment The geographic distribution of people and poverty. To get these investments, on disability tells a different, but awareness of the issues need to rise. complementary, story: Workers who might have endured pain for a physical job The decline in coal is also responsible for apply for disability when jobs disappear.

Appalachias decline. Nearly 13,000 This has created what some economists coal jobs - and countless more in call "disability belts"-rural areas in related industries - have disappeared Appalachia, the Deep South, and along in Kentucky since President Obama took the Arkansas-Missouri border.9 Although office; coal employment is at its lowest some may argue against it; economists level since 1898.6 Today, the signs of believe declining job prospects and coal's decline are everywhere. "A lot an aging workforce, not fraud, explain of people have left," Mr. Bates told the growth of disability claims. the New York Times sadly. "Eighty

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APPALACHIAN POVERTY

percent of my friends are gone."7

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EXISTING CONDITIONS

6 75

INTRODUCTION

Design does not begin and end at the exterior wall of a building. The context and location are integral to formulating appropriate and functional interior spaces. As such, a thorough analysis of the surrounding conditions is essential to the research and development of a project.

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JOHNSON CITY Accommodation and food services are among the most common industries in Johnson City today. Popular occupations include management and food service positions which correspond with the high ranking industries in the area. The predominantly white population has an higher number of female residents; the male to female ratio being 2.8:3.1.1 The higher percentage of people who have never been married has resulted in a divorce rate of only 12.9%. The United States has some of the highest divorce rates in the world with 40%-50% of marriages ending in divorce.2 The U.S. is only superseded by Europe which has divorce rates rising as high as 70%.3 Johnson City has and urban population of 65,000; a 18.6% increase since the year 2000. One must travel nearly 500 miles to reach Philadelphia, the closest city with more than 1,000,000 people. The smaller population and geographical position has a reflection on the crime rate which you can see when compared to Philadelphia. The Pennsylvania city has a crime rate of 486 and about 4 police officers per 1,000 people; whereas Johnson City only has 2 officers per 1,000 people but the crime rate is 274, only slightly higher than the U.S. average.4

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WEATHER Johnson City does not tend to have extreme weather because of its climate region. The historical tornado activity is significantly below Tennessee state average. It is 69% smaller than the overall U.S. average. Earthquake activity is 80% smaller than the U.S. average, but only slightly below the Tennessee state average. Total natural disasters for the region is also less than the countries average; with the most significant cause being floods. Charts based on data reported by over 4,000 weather stations determine the average climate in Johnson City.5 6.2

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PINEY FLATS Piney Flats is a very small neighborhood located in Johnson City, Tennessee. With a population of 5,327 people, Piney Flats is the 122nd largest community in Tennessee. The real estate is some of the most expensive in Tennessee, although Piney Flats house values don't compare to the most expensive real estate in the U.S.. Unlike some towns where white-collar or blue-collar occupations dominate the local economy, Piney Flats is neither predominantly one nor the other. Instead, it has a mixed workforce of both white- and bluecollar jobs. Overall, this small neighborhood is one of sales and office workers, professionals, and service providers. There are especially a lot of people living in Piney Flats who work in office and administrative support (12.72%), sales jobs (12.01%), and management occupations (11.97%). The area is relatively quiet, having a combination of lower population density and a quiet population. For example, Piney Flats has relatively fewer families with younger children, and/or college students which makes for a peaceful place to live overall. Since the area is so small it doesn't have a public transit system that people use to get to and from their jobs every day. This predominantly white neighborhood can trace its ancestry to German, Irish, Scottish, and European roots.6

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The site is located along Bristol Highway, about 7 miles from the heart of Johnson City. The building is set back from the minor highway, positioned behind a gas station at the end of a long driveway. The current building is a one-level-metalframe-prefabricated building. The additional land next door was bought to house a second prefabricated building as an addition.

Buildings located on this block consist of commercial structures, primarily made from simple prefabricated buildings. This group of buildings is remotely located and not in an area one would easily walk to, especially considering there are no sidewalks.

BRISTOL HIGHWAY

6.4

Sullivan county has the site zoned as A-1; as well as much of the surrounding area.

6.3

SITE ZONING 82

6.5

SITE ANALYSIS

Traffic is predominantly vehicular as the building is located on a busy road. Bristol Highway is a minor highway which has 2 lanes of traffic travelling in each direction, separated by a median. There are no sidewalks located near the site making it difficult and dangerous to walk to the location. Parking is available on site for users and additionals vehicle storage. The front of the building gives a landscape view of the Appalachian mountains and much of the surrounding undeveloped land.

The highway is also clearly visible from the site. There are changes in the grade of the site; however the current building has been developed on the site with no accessibility issues. The additional plot of land next to the building has two flat planes connected by a small slope; making it easy to places the new prefabricated building. Some trees have been planted behind the existing building, building a privacy barrier between the site and the New Hope church located behind the site. The new site is cleared

of all trees, with only a thin line of brush dividing it from the original site. The front of the building is cleared all the way down to the highway with very little vegetation.

There is minimal planting around the current building and the only outdoor area is made up of two picnic tables. This issue was a priority for current users- they wanted an outdoor area to work or relax. There are no parks nearby; there are a few commercial buildings surrounding but beyond that, one would have to drive to get to any other location.

6.6 6.7

83

84

PROGRAM DEVELOPMENT

7 85

INTRODUCTION

The program will be refined and documented in an appropriate format. Graphics are created and included to clearly demonstrate adjacencies and appropriate spacing in the program.

86

BUBBLE DIAGRAM

When developing the programs for this unique building type one must strongly consider adjacencies for each space as well as the user and what hours it will be used. The building addition has essentially doubled the square footage, and has allowed the space to be easily divided into two programs; ASP (Appalachia Serive Project) headquarters and year round center.



















 

 

  







 



 

 





   











  

  













 







 



TEST FITS 87

88

ACOUSTIC PRIVACY (VISUAL OR ROOM NAME

QTY

SQ FT EACH ROOM NAME TOTAL SQ FT QTY

HEADQUARTERS RECEPTION

TOTAL SQ FT ACOUSTIC) ADJACENCIES

HEADQUARTERS 7,125-7,175 1

LG CONFERENCE RM

SQ ADJACENCIES FT EACH

300

RECEPTION 300

7,125-7,175 1

ENTRY, 300WAITING

300

N/A

750

RM

1

OFFICES 750

750

ENTRY, WAITING NATURAL & ARTIFICIAL RECEPTION N/A TASK SEATING NATURAL 1 & ARTIFICIAL 300 DURABLE TASK 300 SEATING A ENTRY, WAITING DURABLE

ACOUSTIC

OFFICESNATURAL & ARTIFICIAL ACOUSTIC RM

DURABLE, GOOD

N/A A

N

ACOUSTIC B

N

ACOUSTIC B

N

DURABLE, GOOD

TASK SEATING NATURAL 1 & ARTIFICIAL 750 ACOUSTICSTASK 750 SEATING B

OFFICES ACOUSTICS

DURABLE, GOOD

DURABLE, GOOD

SM MEETING RM

1

175 SM MEETING RM 175

1

OFFICES 175

175

ACOUSTIC

OFFICESNATURAL & ARTIFICIAL SMACOUSTIC MEETING TASK RM SEATING NATURAL 1 & ARTIFICIAL 175 ACOUSTICSTASK 175 SEATING B

OFFICES ACOUSTICS

MAIL RM

1

100

MAIL RM

100

1

COPY 100 RM

100

VISUAL

COPY RM

ARTIFICIAL

VISUAL MAIL RM

BUILTIN 1

ARTIFICIAL 100

DURABLE

100 BUILTIN A

COPY RM DURABLE

VISUAL A

COPY RM

1

100

COPY RM

100

1

MAIL 100 RM

100

VISUAL

MAIL RM

ARTIFICIAL

VISUAL COPY RM

BUILTIN 1

ARTIFICIAL 100

DURABLE

100 BUILTIN A

MAIL RM DURABLE

VISUAL A

NON SLIP, EASY TO ADA RESTROOM

2

50 ADA RESTROOM100

2

BREAK 50 RM

100VISUAL & ACOUSTIC BREAK RM

ARTIFICIAL VISUAL ADA & RESTROOM ACOUSTIC

N/A 2

ARTIFICIAL 50

CLEAN

100

NON SLIP, EASY TO N/A

A

BREAK RMCLEAN

NON SLIP, EASY TO MEN TOILET

1

150

MEN TOILET 150

1

WOMEN 150 TOILET

150VISUAL & ACOUSTIC WOMEN TOILET ARTIFICIAL VISUAL MEN & ACOUSTIC TOILET

N/A 1

ARTIFICIAL 150

CLEAN

150

WOMEN TOILET

1

150 WOMEN TOILET 150

STORAGE

2

100

IT RM

1

25

IT RM

IT OFFICE

1

75

IT OFFICE

CEO OFFICE

1

BREAK RM

1

1

MEN150TOILET

N/A

A

WOMEN TOILET CLEAN

2

25

NON SLIP, EASY TO

ARTIFICIAL VISUAL WOMEN & ACOUSTIC TOILET

N/A 1

ARTIFICIAL 150

150

N/A

A

TOILET 100

200

VISUAL

TOILET

ARTIFICIAL

VISUAL STORAGE

N/A 2

ARTIFICIAL 100 EASY TO CLEAN 200

N/A

A

TOILET EASY TO CLEAN

VISUAL A

1

IT 25 OFFICE

25

VISUAL

IT OFFICE

ARTIFICIAL

VISUAL IT RM

N/A 1

ARTIFICIAL 25EASY TO CLEAN 25

N/A

A

IT OFFICE EASY TO CLEAN

VISUAL A

75

1

IT 75 RM

75

VISUAL

IT RM

ARTIFICIAL

VISUAL IT OFFICE WORKSTATION 1 ARTIFICIAL 75

350

CEO OFFICE 350

1

OFFICES 350

350

ACOUSTIC

500

BREAK RM 500

1

OFFICES, 500STORAGE

500

WORKSTATION, TASK OFFICESNATURAL & ARTIFICIAL ACOUSTIC CEO OFFICE

DURABLE WORKSTATION 75 A

DURABLE, WORKSTATION, GOOD TASK

SEATING NATURAL 1 & ARTIFICIAL 350 ACOUSTICS 350SEATING B DURABLE, EASY TO

N/A OFFICES, STORAGE NATURAL & ARTIFICIAL BREAK N/A RM KITCHENETTE NATURAL 1 & ARTIFICIAL 500 CLEAN

TEMPORARY

TEMPORARY

TEMPORARY

'SUMMER STAFF'

'SUMMER STAFF'

'SUMMER STAFF'

AREA X26 OFFICE SPACES

5/6 26

VISUAL & A ACOUSTIC

150VISUAL & ACOUSTIC MEN TOILET

STORAGE 200

CLEAN

VISUAL & A ACOUSTIC

NON SLIP, EASY TO

NON SLIP, EASY TO

89

(A, B, C) ACOUSTIC)

7,125-7,175

LG CONFERENCE

750

CRITERIA PRIVACY (VISUAL OR

ACOUSTIC) ROOM NAME EQUIPMENT QTY LIGHTING SQ FT FINISHES/ EACH MATERIALS TOTALEQUIPMENT SQ FT(A, B, C) ADJACENCIES FINISHES/ MATERIALS HEADQUARTERS

LG CONFERENCE 1

LIGHTING

ACOUSTIC

CRITERIA FURNITURE/

PRIVACY (VISUAL OR FURNITURE/

50

AREA

250/300

5/6

OFFICES 50

250/300

ACOUSTIC

OFFICESNATURAL & ARTIFICIAL ACOUSTIC AREA

QUANTITATIVE PROGRAM

150 X26 OFFICE SPACES 3900

26

OFFICES 150

3900

ACOUSTIC

MEN TOILET CLEAN

IT RM DURABLE

WORKSTATION NATURAL 5/6 & ARTIFICIAL 50 ACOUSTICS 250/300 WORKSTATION C DURABLE, GOOD

OFFICESNATURAL & ARTIFICIAL X26 ACOUSTIC OFFICE SPACES WORKSTATION NATURAL 26 & ARTIFICIAL 150 ACOUSTICS WORKSTATION 3900 C

VISUAL A

DURABLE, GOOD OFFICES ACOUSTICS

ACOUSTIC B

N

N/A A

N

ACOUSTIC C

N

ACOUSTIC C

90 N

DURABLE, EASY TO

KITCHENETTE 500 A OFFICES, STORAGE CLEAN

DURABLE, GOOD

VISUAL & A ACOUSTIC

DURABLE, GOOD OFFICES ACOUSTICS DURABLE, GOOD OFFICES ACOUSTICS

TEMPORARY AREA

TEMPORARY

TEMPORARY

'SUMMER STAFF' 5/6

'SUMMER STAFF' 50 AREA 250/300

5/6

OFFICES 50

250/300

ACOUSTIC

DURABLE, GOOD

'SUMMER STAFF'

AREA OFFICESNATURAL & ARTIFICIAL ACOUSTIC

DURABLE, GOOD

WORKSTATION ACOUSTICS C 5/6 50 250/300 NATURAL & ARTIFICIAL WORKSTATION

OFFICESACOUSTICS

DURABLE, GOOD X26 OFFICE SPACES

26

150 3900 X26 OFFICE SPACES

CENTER ACTIVITY SPACE

26

OFFICES 150

15,500-17,400 CENTER 1

5100-7000 5100-7000 ACTIVITY SPACE

3900

ACOUSTIC

CENTER

15,500-17,400 1

CAFETERIA 5100-7000

5100-7000

N/A

DURABLE, GOOD

WORKSTATION ACOUSTICS 3900 C X26 ACOUSTIC OFFICE SPACES 26 150 OFFICESNATURAL & ARTIFICIAL NATURAL & ARTIFICIAL WORKSTATION

OFFICESACOUSTICS

1

1350

CAFETERIA 1350

1

KITCHEN 1350

1350

NATURAL & ARTIFICIAL ACTIVITY CAFETERIA N/A SPACE

VISUAL

N/ANATURAL DURABLE5100-7000N/A 1 &5100-7000 ARTIFICIAL

C

CAFETERIA DURABLE

NATURAL & ARTIFICIAL CAFETERIA KITCHEN VISUAL

N/ANATURAL 1 1350 TO CLEAN 1350 & ARTIFICIAL

N/A

ANTIMICROBAL, EASY

C

KITCHEN TO CLEAN

COMMERCIAL KITCHEN

1

850

KITCHEN 850

1

CAFETERIA, EXIT 850

850

VISUAL CAFETERIA, EXIT ARTIFICIAL

KITCHEN VISUAL

ANTIMICROBAL, EASY COMMERCIAL EQUIPTMENT TO CLEAN 850 B 1 850 ARTIFICIAL EQUIPTMENT

8

STAFF SLEEPING QUARTERS

1

600 SLEEPING RM 4800

8

STAFF SLEEPING

300

QUARTERS 300

1

TOILET, 600SHOWER STAFF 300 OFFICE

4800 300

STAFF SLEEPING STAFF OFFICE

1

300 STAFF OFFICE 300

1

QUARTERS 300

2

50 ADA RESTROOM 100

2

ACTIVITY 50 SPACE

MEN TOILET

1

250 MEN TOILET250

1

SLEEPING 250 AREA

WOMEN TOILET

1

250WOMEN TOILET 250

AREA 1 WOMEN SLEEPING 250

1

250 MEN SHOWER 250

1

MEN SLEEPING AREA 250

VISUAL C

N

N

VISUAL B

N

VISUAL & ACOUSTIC C

N

VISUAL

BUNK BEDS W/ STAFF SLEEPING

NATURAL & ARTIFICIAL QUARTERS STAFF OFFICE VISUAL

BUNK BEDS W/

STORAGE DURABLE 300STORAGE B 1 300 NATURAL & ARTIFICIAL DURABLE, GOOD

ADA RESTROOM 100VISUAL & ACOUSTIC ACTIVITY SPACE ARTIFICIAL VISUAL & ACOUSTIC MEN SHOWER, MEN

VISUAL & ACOUSTIC MEN& TOILET 250 SLEEPING AREA ARTIFICIAL VISUAL ACOUSTIC WOMEN SHOWER,

VISUAL & WOMEN ACOUSTIC ARTIFICIAL WOMEN TOILET 250 SLEEPING AREA VISUAL & ACOUSTIC

N/A 2

50 ARTIFICIAL

CLEAN

100

N/A

NON SLIP, EASY TO N/A 1

250 ARTIFICIAL

CLEAN

250

A

N/A

A

NON SLIP, EASY TO N/A 1

250 ARTIFICIAL

CLEAN

250

VISUAL & ACOUSTIC ARTIFICIAL MEN& SHOWER 1 250 MEN SLEEPING AREA VISUAL ACOUSTICLOCKERS

250 ARTIFICIAL

CLEAN

WOMEN SHOWER

1

250 250 WOMEN SHOWER

AREA 1 WOMEN SLEEPING 250

VISUAL & WOMEN ACOUSTIC ARTIFICIAL 250 SLEEPING AREA VISUAL & ACOUSTIC WOMEN SHOWERLOCKERS 1

FAMILY' SPACE

1

400 FAMILY' SPACE 400

1

400 CAFETERIA

400

VISUAL

SM CHAPEL

1

1300

SM CHAPEL 1300

1

1300 SPACE ACTIVITY

1300

VISUAL VISUAL ACTIVITY SPACE NATURAL & ARTIFICIAL SM CHAPEL

CAFETERIA VISUAL NATURAL & ARTIFICIAL FAMILY' SPACE

ARTIFICIAL 250

CLEAN

STAFF OFFICE DURABLE

STAFF SLEEPING DURABLE, GOOD QUARTERS ACOUSTICS

NON SLIP, EASY TO

ACTIVITY SPACE CLEAN

VISUAL & ACOUSTIC A

MEN SHOWER, MENEASY TO NON SLIP, SLEEPING AREA CLEAN

VISUAL & ACOUSTIC A

WOMENNON SHOWER, SLIP, EASY TO

N/A

A WOMEN SLEEPING AREA CLEAN

VISUAL & ACOUSTIC A

NON SLIP, EASY TO

250LOCKERS BMEN SLEEPING CLEAN AREA

NON SLIP, EASY TO

91

N

VISUAL B

NON SLIP, EASY TO MEN SHOWER

ANTIMICROBAL, EASY

BUNK BEDS W/

VISUAL & ACOUSTIC NATURAL & ARTIFICIAL WORKSTATION C STAFF OFFICE 1 300 ACOUSTICS WORKSTATION 300 300 QUARTERS VISUAL & ACOUSTIC NATURAL & ARTIFICIAL

WOMEN SHOWER,

N/AC

VISUAL TOILET, SHOWER NATURAL & ARTIFICIAL DURABLE 4800 SLEEPING 8 600 VISUAL RM STORAGE NATURAL & ARTIFICIAL STORAGE B TOILET, SHOWER DURABLE

STAFF SLEEPING

MEN SHOWER, MEN

N

VISUAL B

NON SLIP, EASY TO ADA RESTROOM

ACOUSTIC C

CAFETERIA, TO EXIT CLEAN

BUNK BEDS W/ SLEEPING RM

N

15,500-17,400

ANTIMICROBAL, EASY CAFETERIA

ACOUSTIC C

VISUAL & ACOUSTIC B

NON SLIP, EASY TO

B CLEAN 250LOCKERSWOMEN SLEEPING AREA

B VISUAL & ACOUSTIC

& ARTIFICIAL BEDNATURAL DURABLE 400 1 400

BED

B

DURABLE CAFETERIA

B VISUAL

N

& ARTIFICIAL N/ANATURAL DURABLE 1300 1 1300

N/A

A

DURABLE ACTIVITY SPACE

A VISUAL

N

92

PROXEMICS ROOM NAME

(1, 2, 3, OR 4)

HEADQUARTERS

PROXEMICS COLOR ROOM NAME INDOOR AIR(1, QUALITY 2, 3, OR 4)

POWER, MECH, HVAC,

POWER, MECH, HVAC,

DATA/VOICE, TELECOMM

DATA/VOICE, TELECOMM

AND/OR COLOR PLUMBING INDOORNEEDS AIR QUALITY

THERMAL AND/OR COMFORT PLUMBING NEEDS ENVIRONMENTAL THERMAL QUALITIES COMFORT ROOM NAME

HEADQUARTERS 4

VIBRANT RECEPTION AIR CIRCULATION 4

FUTURE TRENDS, POWER, MECH, HVAC,

FUTURE TRENDS,

PERMANENCE AND/OR TELECOMM DATA/VOICE,

PERMANENCE AND/OR

ERGONOMICS QUALITIES WAYFINDING (1,ENVIRONMENTAL 2, 3, OR 4) COLOR INDOOR ERGONOMICS AIR QUALITY

GROWTH AND/OR WAYFINDING PLUMBING NEEDS

SHADING POWER DEVICES, OUTLET, DATA/VOICE,

VIBRANT TELECOMM AIR CIRCULATIONTEMPERATURE CONTROLLED TELECOMM

SHADING DEVICES,

UNIVERSAL DESK

RM

LG CONFERENCE 3

VIBRANT RM AIR CIRCULATION 3

POWER OUTLET, DATA/VOICE,

SHADING POWER DEVICES, OUTLET, DATA/VOICE,SENSOR SHADING LIGHTING, LG DEVICES, CONFERENCE

VIBRANT TELECOMM AIR CIRCULATIONTEMPERATURE CONTROLLED TELECOMM POWER OUTLET, DATA/VOICE,

TEMPERATURE TREND CHANGES CONTROLLED

SENSOR LIGHTING,

SUS

FURNITURE SUBJECT TO

TREND CHANGES, TREND CHANGES, POWERPOSSIBLE OUTLET, DATA/VOICE, SHADING POSSIBLE DEVICES,

WORKER GROWTH SUSTAINABLE TEMPERATURE MATERIALS CONTROLLED RM UNIVERSAL SUSTAINABLE FURNITURE 3 MATERIALS VIBRANT GENERAL SIGNAGE AIR UNIVERSAL CIRCULATION FURNITURE GENERAL TELECOMM SIGNAGE

SHADING POWER DEVICES, OUTLET, DATA/VOICE,SENSOR SHADING LIGHTING,DEVICES,

VIBRANT TELECOMM AIR CIRCULATIONTEMPERATURE CONTROLLED TELECOMM

SENSOR LIGHTING,

S

WORKER GROWTH TEMPERATURE CONTROLLED

FURNITUREPOWER SUBJECT OUTLET, TO DATA/VOICE, FURNITURE SHADING SUBJECT DEVICES, TO

SUSTAINABLE TEMPERATURE MATERIALS SM MEETING CONTROLLED UNIVERSAL RM SUSTAINABLE FURNITURE 3 MATERIALS VIBRANT GENERAL SIGNAGE AIR UNIVERSAL CIRCULATION FURNITURE TREND CHANGES GENERAL TELECOMM SIGNAGE

SUS

S

SM MEETING RM

3

VIBRANT SM MEETING AIRRM CIRCULATION 3

MAIL RM

3

NEUTRAL MAIL RM NON VOC PAINTS 3

POWER NEUTRAL OUTLET,NON TELECOMM VOC PAINTS

POWER N/AOUTLET, TELECOMMSENSOR LIGHTING N/AMAIL RM

N/ASENSOR 3 LIGHTING NEUTRAL GENERAL SIGNAGE NON VOC PAINTS N/A

POWER N/A GENERAL OUTLET,SIGNAGE TELECOMM

N/A N/A

COPY RM

3

NEUTRAL COPY RM NON VOC PAINTS 3

POWER NEUTRAL OUTLET,NON TELECOMM VOC PAINTS

POWER N/AOUTLET, TELECOMMSENSOR LIGHTING N/ACOPY RM

N/ASENSOR 3 LIGHTING NEUTRAL GENERAL SIGNAGE NON VOC PAINTS N/A

POWER N/A GENERAL OUTLET,SIGNAGE TELECOMM

N/A N/A

ADA RESTROOM

1

NEUTRAL ADA RESTROOM AIR CIRCULATION 1

POWER NEUTRAL OUTLET,AIR PLUMBING CIRCULATION

POWER N/AOUTLET, PLUMBING GREYWATER SYSTEM ADA N/A RESTROOMADA COMPLIANT GREYWATER 1 NEUTRAL SYSTEM TOILET SIGNAGE AIR ADA CIRCULATION COMPLIANT

POWER N/A TOILET OUTLET, SIGNAGE PLUMBING

N/A N/A

GR

MEN TOILET

2

NEUTRAL MEN TOILET AIR CIRCULATION 2

POWER NEUTRAL OUTLET,AIR PLUMBING CIRCULATION

POWER N/AOUTLET, PLUMBING GREYWATER SYSTEM N/A MEN TOILET ADA COMPLIANT GREYWATER 2 NEUTRAL SYSTEM TOILET SIGNAGE AIR ADA CIRCULATION COMPLIANT

POWER N/A TOILET OUTLET, SIGNAGE PLUMBING

N/A N/A

GR

WOMEN TOILET

2

NEUTRAL WOMEN TOILET AIR CIRCULATION 2

POWER NEUTRAL OUTLET,AIR PLUMBING CIRCULATION

POWER N/AOUTLET, PLUMBING GREYWATER SYSTEM WOMEN N/A TOILET ADA COMPLIANT GREYWATER 2 NEUTRAL SYSTEM TOILET SIGNAGE AIR ADA CIRCULATION COMPLIANT

POWER N/A TOILET OUTLET, SIGNAGE PLUMBING

N/A N/A

GR

STORAGE

3

NEUTRAL STORAGE NON VOC PAINTS 3

NEUTRAL POWER OUTLET NON VOC PAINTS

N/A GENERAL POWER OUTLET SIGNAGE

N/A N/A

IT RM

2

NEUTRALIT RMNON VOC PAINTS 2

POWER NEUTRAL OUTLET,NON MECHANICAL VOC PAINTS

N/A POWER OUTLET

N/A

N/ASTORAGE

N/A 3

N/A NEUTRAL GENERAL SIGNAGE NON VOC PAINTS N/A

POWER N/AOUTLET, MECHANICAL

N/A

N/A IT RM

N/A 2

N/A NEUTRAL GENERAL SIGNAGE NON VOC PAINTS N/A

ADJUSTABLE DESK IT OFFICE

2

NEUTRAL IT OFFICE NON VOC PAINTS 2

CEO OFFICE

2

VIBRANT CEO OFFICE AIR CIRCULATION 2

3

VIBRANT BREAK RM AIR CIRCULATION 3

TEMPORARY

TEMPORARY

'SUMMER STAFF'

'SUMMER STAFF'

AREA

3

X26 OFFICE SPACES

VIBRANT AREA

SENSOROPERABLE LIGHTING,WINDOWS,

SENSOR LIGHTING,

SUS

N/A N/A

POWER N/A GENERAL OUTLET, SIGNAGE DATA/VOICE

ADJUSTABLE FURNITURE DESK SUBJECT TO FURNITURE SUBJECT TO

TEMPERATURE N/A COLTROLLED

FURNITURE OPERABLE SUBJECT WINDOWS, TO

HIGH

TEMPERATURE TREND CHANGES CONTROLLED

FURNITURE OPERABLE SUBJECT WINDOWS, TO

POWER VIBRANT OUTLET, AIR TELECOMM CIRCULATIONTEMPERATURE POWER OUTLET, CONTROLLED TELECOMM SUSTAINABLE TEMPERATURE MATERIALS BREAK CONTROLLED RM UNIVERSAL SUSTAINABLE FURNITURE 3 MATERIALS VIBRANT GENERAL SIGNAGE AIR UNIVERSAL CIRCULATION FURNITURE TRENDPOWER CHANGES GENERAL OUTLET,SIGNAGE TELECOMM

HIGH

SUS

S

TEMPERATURE TREND CHANGES CONTROLLED

SUS

TEMPORARY PLANTS 3

X26 OFFICE 3

POWER N/A GENERAL OUTLET,SIGNAGE MECHANICAL

POWER VIBRANT OUTLET,AIR DATA/VOICE CIRCULATIONTEMPERATURE POWER OUTLET, CONTROLLED DATA/VOICE SUSTAINABLE TEMPERATURE MATERIALS CEO CONTROLLED OFFICE HEIGHTS SUSTAINABLE 2 MATERIALS VIBRANT GENERAL SIGNAGE AIR CIRCULATION HEIGHTS TRENDPOWER CHANGES GENERAL OUTLET, SIGNAGE DATA/VOICE OPERABLE WINDOWS,

BREAK RM

HIGH EFFICENCY OPERABLE LIGHTING, WINDOWS,ADJUSTABLE HIGH EFFICENCY DESK LIGHTING,

TEMPERATURE TREND CHANGES CONTROLLED

ADJUSTABLE DESK

POWER NEUTRAL OUTLET,NON DATA/VOICE VOC PAINTS TEMPERATURE POWER OUTLET, COLTROLLED DATA/VOICE HIGH EFFICENCY TEMPERATURE LIGHTING IT COLTROLLED OFFICE HEIGHTS HIGH 2EFFICENCYNEUTRAL LIGHTING GENERAL SIGNAGE NON VOCHEIGHTS PAINTS OPERABLE WINDOWS,

93

ENVI

UNIVERSALFURNITURE DESK POWER SUBJECT OUTLET, TO DATA/VOICE, FURNITURE SHADING SUBJECT DEVICES, TO

SUSTAINABLE TEMPERATURE MATERIALS RECEPTION CONTROLLED HEIGHTS SUSTAINABLE 4 MATERIALS VIBRANT BUILDING LAYOUT AIR CIRCULATION HEIGHTS TREND CHANGES BUILDING TELECOMM LAYOUT FURNITURE SUBJECT TO

LG CONFERENCE

GROWTH COMFORT THERMAL

HEADQUARTERS POWER OUTLET, DATA/VOICE,

RECEPTION

PROXEMICS

VIBRANTSPACESAIR CIRCULATION 3

OPERABLE WINDOWS, POWER VIBRANT OUTLET, DATA/VOICE PLANTS

HIGH EFFICENCY OPERABLE LIGHTING, 'SUMMER WINDOWS, STAFF' ADJUSTABLE HIGH EFFICENCY DESK LIGHTING,

ADJUSTABLE POSSIBLE DESK WORKER

TEMPERATURE POWER OUTLET, CONTROLLED DATA/VOICE SUSTAINABLE TEMPERATURE MATERIALS CONTROLLED AREA HEIGHTS SUSTAINABLE 3 MATERIALS VIBRANT GENERAL SIGNAGE PLANTS HEIGHTS

QUALITATIVE PROGRAM OPERABLE WINDOWS,

HIGH EFFICENCY OPERABLE LIGHTING, X26 WINDOWS, OFFICEADJUSTABLE HIGH EFFICENCY DESK LIGHTING,

GROWTH POWER GENERAL OUTLET, SIGNAGE DATA/VOICE

ADJUSTABLE POSSIBLE DESK WORKER

POWER VIBRANT OUTLET,AIR DATA/VOICE CIRCULATIONTEMPERATURE POWER OUTLET, CONTROLLED DATA/VOICE SUSTAINABLE TEMPERATURE MATERIALS CONTROLLED SPACES HEIGHTS SUSTAINABLE 3 MATERIALS VIBRANT GENERAL SIGNAGE AIR CIRCULATION HEIGHTS

GROWTH POWER GENERAL OUTLET, SIGNAGE DATA/VOICE

POSSIBLE OPERABLE WORKER WINDOWS,

HIGH

TEMPERATURE GROWTH CONTROLLED POSSIBLE OPERABLE WORKER WINDOWS,

SUS HIGH

94SUS

TEMPERATURE GROWTH CONTROLLED

TEMPORARY

TEMPORARY

'SUMMER STAFF' AREA

'SUMMER STAFF'

OPERABLE WINDOWS,

3

VIBRANT AREA

3

VIBRANTSPACESAIR CIRCULATION 3

X26 OFFICE SPACES

TEMPORARY PLANTS 3

POWER VIBRANT OUTLET, DATA/VOICE PLANTS

X26 OFFICE

CENTER

OPERABLE WINDOWS,

HIGH EFFICENCY OPERABLE LIGHTING, X26 WINDOWS, OFFICEADJUSTABLE HIGH EFFICENCY DESK LIGHTING,

CENTER 4 4

VIBRANT ACTIVITY SPACE AIR CIRCULATION 4

HIGH EFFICENCY SHADING LIGHTING, DEVICES,

POWER VIBRANT OUTLET, AIR DATA/VOICE CIRCULATIONTEMPERATURE POWER CONTROLLED OUTLET, DATA/VOICE SUSTAINABLE TEMPERATURE MATERIALS ACTIVITY CONTROLLED SPACE

VIBRANT CAFETERIA NON VOC PAINTS 4

VIBRANT POWER OUTLET NON VOC PAINTS TEMPERATUREPOWER CONTROLLED OUTLET SUSTAINABLE TEMPERATURE MATERIALS CAFETERIA CONTROLLED POWER OUTLET, KITCHEN

KITCHEN

3

NEUTRALKITCHEN NON VOC PAINTS 3

POWER OUTLET, KITCHEN

NEUTRAL EQUIPT NON VOC PAINTS TEMPERATURE CONTROLLED EQUIPT SHADING DEVICES,

SLEEPING RM

2

STAFF SLEEPING QUARTERS

VIBRANT SLEEPINGAIR RMCIRCULATION 2

SHADING DEVICES,

VIBRANT QUARTERS AIR CIRCULATION 2

HIGH EFFICENCY APPLIANCES TEMPERATURE KITCHEN CONTROLLED

HIGH EFFICENCY SHADING LIGHTING, DEVICES,

VIBRANT POWER OUTLET AIR CIRCULATIONTEMPERATUREPOWER CONTROLLED OUTLET SUSTAINABLE TEMPERATURE MATERIALS SLEEPING CONTROLLED RM

STAFF SLEEPING 2

HIGH EFFICENCY SHADING LIGHTING, STAFF DEVICES, SLEEPING

VIBRANT POWER OUTLET AIR CIRCULATIONTEMPERATUREPOWER CONTROLLED OUTLET SUSTAINABLE TEMPERATURE MATERIALS QUARTERS CONTROLLED OPERABLE WINDOWS,

ADJUSTABLE POSSIBLE DESK WORKER

HIGH

TEMPERATURE GROWTH CONTROLLED POSSIBLE OPERABLE WORKER WINDOWS,

GROWTH POWER GENERAL OUTLET, SIGNAGE DATA/VOICE

HIGH EFFICENCY LIGHTING,

SUS

HIGH

TEMPERATURE GROWTH CONTROLLED SHADING DEVICES,

SUSTAINABLE N/A 4 MATERIALS VIBRANT GENERAL SIGNAGE AIR CIRCULATION N/A

SUS

POWER N/A GENERAL OUTLET, SIGNAGE DATA/VOICE

HIGH

TEMPERATURE N/A CONTROLLED

HIGH EFFICENCY LIGHTING, HIGH EFFICENCY

N/A GENERAL POWER OUTLET SIGNAGE

TEMPERATURE N/A CONTROLLED

POSSIBLE EQUIPTMENT POWER OUTLET, KITCHEN

HIGH EFFICENCY LIGHTING,

TEMPERATURE REPLACEMENT CONTROLLED

FURNITURE SUJECT TO

SUSTAINABLE N/A 2 MATERIALS VIBRANT GENERAL SIGNAGE AIR CIRCULATION N/A

FURNITURE SHADING SUJECT DEVICES, TO

CHANGEGENERAL POWER OUTLET SIGNAGE

FURNITURE SHADING SUJECT DEVICES, TO

CHANGEGENERAL POWER OUTLET SIGNAGE

ADJUSTABLE FURNITURE DESK SUBJECT TO

HIGH

TEMPERATURE CHANGE CONTROLLED

FURNITURE SUJECT TO

SUSTAINABLE N/A 2 MATERIALS VIBRANT GENERAL SIGNAGE AIR CIRCULATION N/A

SUS

POSSIBLE EQUIPTMENT

N/A 3 APPLIANCES NEUTRAL GENERAL SIGNAGE NON VOC PAINTS N/A REPLACEMENT GENERAL EQUIPT SIGNAGE HIGH EFFICENCY LIGHTING,

SUS

HIGH

SUSTAINABLE N/A 4 MATERIALS VIBRANT GENERAL SIGNAGE NON VOC PAINTS N/A

HIGH EFFICENCY OPERABLE LIGHTING, WINDOWS,ADJUSTABLE HIGH EFFICENCY DESK LIGHTING,

HIGH

TEMPERATURE CHANGE CONTROLLED FURNITURE OPERABLE SUBJECT WINDOWS, TO

TEMPERATURE POWER CONTROLLED OUTLET, DATA/VOICE SUSTAINABLE TEMPERATURE MATERIALS STAFF CONTROLLED OFFICE HEIGHTS SUSTAINABLE 2 MATERIALS VIBRANT GENERAL SIGNAGE PLANTS HEIGHTS TRENDPOWER CHANGES GENERAL OUTLET, SIGNAGE DATA/VOICE

SUS

SUS

HIGH

STAFF OFFICE

2

VIBRANT STAFF OFFICE PLANTS 2

POWER VIBRANT OUTLET, DATA/VOICE PLANTS

ADA RESTROOM

1

NEUTRAL ADA RESTROOM AIR CIRCULATION 1

POWER NEUTRAL OUTLET, AIR PLUMBING CIRCULATION

POWER N/AOUTLET, PLUMBING GREYWATER SYSTEM ADA N/A RESTROOM ADA COMPLIANT GREYWATER 1 NEUTRAL SYSTEM TOILET SIGNAGE AIR ADA CIRCULATION COMPLIANT

POWER N/A TOILET OUTLET, SIGNAGE PLUMBING

N/A N/A

GR

MEN TOILET

2

NEUTRAL MEN TOILET AIR CIRCULATION 2

POWER NEUTRAL OUTLET, AIR PLUMBING CIRCULATION

POWER N/AOUTLET, PLUMBING GREYWATER SYSTEM N/A MEN TOILET ADA COMPLIANT GREYWATER 2 NEUTRAL SYSTEM TOILET SIGNAGE AIR ADA CIRCULATION COMPLIANT

POWER N/A TOILET OUTLET, SIGNAGE PLUMBING

N/A N/A

GR

WOMEN TOILET

2

NEUTRAL WOMEN TOILET AIR CIRCULATION 2

POWER NEUTRAL OUTLET, AIR PLUMBING CIRCULATION

POWER N/AOUTLET, PLUMBING GREYWATER SYSTEM WOMEN N/A TOILET ADA COMPLIANT GREYWATER 2 NEUTRAL SYSTEM TOILET SIGNAGE AIR ADA CIRCULATION COMPLIANT

POWER N/A TOILET OUTLET, SIGNAGE PLUMBING

N/A N/A

GR

POWER N/A SHOWER OUTLET, SIGNAGE PLUMBING

N/A N/A

POWER N/A SHOWER OUTLET, SIGNAGE PLUMBING

N/A N/A

WATER EFFICENT MEN SHOWER

2

NEUTRAL MEN SHOWER AIR CIRCULATION 2

POWER NEUTRAL OUTLET, AIR PLUMBING CIRCULATION

POWER N/AOUTLET, PLUMBING SHOWERHEADSMEN N/A SHOWER WATER EFFICENT

WOMEN SHOWER

2

NEUTRAL WOMEN SHOWER AIR CIRCULATION 2

POWER NEUTRAL OUTLET, AIR PLUMBING CIRCULATION POWER OUTLET, DATA/VOICE,

FAMILY SPACE

1

VIBRANT FAMILY SPACEPLANTS

1

VIBRANT PLUMBING PLANTS

POWER N/AOUTLET, PLUMBING SHOWERHEADS WOMEN N/A SHOWER SHADING POWER DEVICES, OUTLET, DATA/VOICE, HIGH EFFICENCY SHADING LIGHTING, DEVICES,

TEMPERATURE CONTROLLED PLUMBING SHADING DEVICES,

SM CHAPEL

95

POSSIBLE OPERABLE WORKER WINDOWS,

GROWTH POWER GENERAL OUTLET, SIGNAGE DATA/VOICE

CENTER

HIGH EFFICENCY LIGHTING, CAFETERIA

ADJUSTABLE POSSIBLE DESK WORKER

POWER VIBRANT OUTLET, AIR DATA/VOICE CIRCULATIONTEMPERATURE POWER CONTROLLED OUTLET, DATA/VOICE SUSTAINABLE TEMPERATURE MATERIALS CONTROLLED SPACES HEIGHTS SUSTAINABLE 3 MATERIALS VIBRANT GENERAL SIGNAGE AIR CIRCULATION HEIGHTS SHADING DEVICES,

ACTIVITY SPACE

HIGH EFFICENCY OPERABLE LIGHTING, 'SUMMER WINDOWS, STAFF' ADJUSTABLE HIGH EFFICENCY DESK LIGHTING,

TEMPERATURE POWER CONTROLLED OUTLET, DATA/VOICE SUSTAINABLE TEMPERATURE MATERIALS CONTROLLED AREA HEIGHTS SUSTAINABLE 3 MATERIALS VIBRANT GENERAL SIGNAGE PLANTS HEIGHTS

3

VIBRANT SM CHAPEL AIR CIRCULATION 3

SUS

WATER EFFICENT N/A 2SHOWERHEADS NEUTRAL SHOWER SIGNAGE AIR CIRCULATION N/A WATER EFFICENT N/A 2SHOWERHEADS NEUTRAL SHOWER SIGNAGE AIR CIRCULATION N/A HIGH EFFICENCY LIGHTING,

FURNITUREPOWER SUBJECT OUTLET, TO DATA/VOICE, FURNITURE SHADING SUBJECT DEVICES, TO

SUSTAINABLE TEMPERATURE MATERIALS FAMILY CONTROLLED SPACEADA COMPLIANT SUSTAINABLE 1 MATERIALS VIBRANT GENERAL SIGNAGE ADA PLANTS COMPLIANT TREND CHANGES GENERAL PLUMBING SIGNAGE SENSOR LIGHTING, SHADING DEVICES,

TEMPERATURE TREND CHANGES CONTROLLED

SENSOR LIGHTING,

FURNITURE SUBJECT TO

VIBRANT POWER OUTLET AIR CIRCULATIONTEMPERATUREPOWER CONTROLLED OUTLET SUSTAINABLE TEMPERATURE MATERIALS SM CONTROLLED CHAPEL ADA COMPLIANT SUSTAINABLE 3 MATERIALS VIBRANT GENERAL SIGNAGE AIR ADA CIRCULATION COMPLIANT CHANGEGENERAL POWER OUTLET SIGNAGE

HIGH

TEMPERATURE TREND CHANGES CONTROLLED

SUS

FURNITURE SHADING SUBJECT DEVICES, TO

S

TEMPERATURE CHANGE CONTROLLED

SUS

96

BUILDING ANALYSIS

8 97

INTRODUCTION

The eighth chapter will briefly analyze the existing structure (which was analyzed in chapter three) as well as discuss the building addition. Code, regulations and standards for Sullivan County, Tennessee are to be reviewed and and overall analysis of such codes will be displayed.

98

BUILDING ANALYSIS The current ASP (Appalachia Service Project) headquarters building is a 7,000 SQ FT prefabricated metal building. In order to adapt the building to fit the program, a second prefabricated building will be added to the plot of land next to the existing structure. Butler Manufacturing is a buildingsolutions company providing the design, manufacture, and marketing of metal building systems for commercial construction.1 The Classic 2 Building system from Butlers line of structural systems will be used as the addition. This building system is comprised of Butlers Widespan Structural System and Butlerib 2 roof.

8.1

ROOF MATERIAL

99

100

3. USER GROUP CLASSIFICATION Mixed use: A-3, B, R-1 4. MEANS OF EGRESS Sprinklered Dead end limit: 50'-0" Minimum exits per floor: 3 Total building occupants: 774 Program users: 40-50 headquarters, 80-125 year round center

1. PROJECT DATA Project name: ASP headquarters and year round center Address: 4523 Bristol Highway, Johnson City, Tennessee 37601 Number of stories: 1 Number of buildings: 2 Total Gross SQ FT: 25,000 2. APPLICABLE Zoning ordinance: A-1, General Agricultural/Estate Residential District - These districts are designed to provide suitable areas for single-family residential development located within a rural environment.

Residential development consists of single-family residential detached dwellings and such other structures as are customary and accessory, thereto. The intensity of development permitted within these districts is directly related to the availability of public water service. These districts also include community facilities, public utilities, and open uses, which serve specifically the residents of these districts, or that are benefited by an open residential environment without creating objectionable or undesirable influences upon residential developments. These districts provide for large tracts and open space on the fringe of higher densities of residential development and may transition into other districts as development evolves.

These districts shall also provide for customary home occupations and farm employee housing situated on the large farming tracts (see definition in Appendix) and singlewide mobile homes on individual parcels Fire code: International Fire Code 2012 Building code & date: International Building Code 2012 Energy code: International Energy Conservation Code 2012

A-3: Chapel Total occupants: 150 Gross SQ FT: 1,300 SQ FT per occupant: Determined by the number of fixed seats Number of occupants: 150 Minimum corridor width: 44" Exit access travel distance: 250 B: Non profit headquarters Total occupants: 70 Gross SQ FT: 7,000 SQ FT per occupant: 100 gross Number of occupants: 70 Minimum corridor width: 44" Exit access travel distance: 300

8.2 8.3

102

R-1: Year round center Total occupants: 102 Dormitories Gross SQ FT: 4,800 SQ FT per occupant: 50 gross Number of occupants: 96 Minimum corridor width: 36" Exit access travel distance: 250 Residential- apartment Gross SQ FT: 300 SQ FT per occupant: 200 gross Number of occupants: 2 Minimum corridor width: 36" Exit access travel distance: 250 Kitchen Gross SQ FT: 850 SQ FT per occupant: 200 gross Number of occupants: 4 Minimum corridor width: 44" Exit access travel distance: 250

103

5. SANITATION B: Non profit headquarters Total occupants: 70 WC female: 3 WC/urinals male: 3 Lavatories female: 2 Lavatories male: 2 Drinking fountains: 1 Service sinks: 1 R-1: Year round center- dormitories Total occupants: 96 WC female: 5 WC/urinals male: 5 Lavatories female: 5 Lavatories male: 5 Showers female: 6 Showers male: 6 Drinking fountains: 1 Service sinks: 1 R-1: Year round center- apartment Total units: 1 WC: 1 Lavatories: 1 Showers: 1 Drinking fountains: n/a Service sinks: 1

6. FIRE PROTECTION Fire exit enclosures: 2 hours Shafts and elevator hoistways: 2 hours Tenant space separations: 2 hours Smoke barriers: assume 30 minutes Corridor Fire Resistance Rating: 0.5 hours for R occupancy areas Incidental use areas: storage rooms over 100 SQ FT

8.4

104

FINAL PROJECT RESEARCH

9 105

INTRODUCTION

Throughout these past months of research it has become more apparent how much impact ASP (Appalachia Service Project) has on the area it serves. Being able to help expand and improve their head of operations has left me exhilarated and eager.

106

RESEARCH CONCLUSIONS The idea to work with ASP first struck me six months ago when our capstone project was first introduced. A trip was taken to visit ASP headquarters in Tennessee in order to help develop the building program. It was only then when the opportunity rose to assist in redesigning the current space. A chance to aid in the improvement of an organization which is near to my heart is such a reward in itself.

The program is easily divided into two buildings; the existing and the expansion. By taking into consideration comments from the users, a bright open space will be designed from these prefabricated structures. Elements such as an open floor plan and skylights will help bring more light into the space; while materials and design elements will help to bring the feeling of ASP into the space. Users also requested an outdoor work space and a small chapel be incorporated into the design. The intention for the design is to have any individual be able to recognize the buildings purpose without a sign. As of now one would only be able to recognize the buildings use is by the photographs on the white walls, or the sign bolted to the metal siding.

9.1

107

The gathered research has helped me to understand the site and building; but more importantly it has shed light on the poverty issue in Appalachia. The high disability rate in the region is only part of the problem, but it causes a decrease in employment and an increase in government spending. The money that the disabled get goes towards their food and water first, and most of the time this leaves no money for home repair.

Houses continue to deteriorate until they are no longer safe to live in.

By transforming faith into ASP service, volunteers respond to a specific need: housing. By putting aside their own needs and desires, ASP volunteers free themselves to share talent, love, and concern with the people of Appalachia and with one another. More important than construction know-how is a willingness to enter the communities and homes of Central Appalachia with sensitivity, concern, and love - accepting people right where they are and just the way they are.

9.2

108

BIBLIOGRAPHY

10 109

INTRODUCTION

Sources and images are cited.

110

COVER IMAGES 1. https://resources.vacationrentals. com/info/files/live/sites/vr/ files/shared/mountains/top-10attractions-in-smoky-mountains/ smoky-mountains-appalachian-trail-1--ts2015-02-21T21%3A02%3A42_74106%3A00.jpg INTRO IMAGES 1. Pastor Chris Scrivens CHAPTER 1 CITATIONS 1. Hemmes, Christy. "The BYG (Big Youth Group)." CPC Chester. 2011. Accessed August 10, 2017. http://www.cpcchester.org/CPC_Chester/Big_Youth_ Group.html.

2. IBID 3. "Appalachian Poverty." Fahe. August 01, 2017. Accessed August 17, 2017. https://fahe.org/appalachian-poverty.

4. Advameg, Inc. "Information about poor and low income residents." Johnson City, Tennessee (TN) poverty rate data. 2015.

Accessed August 12, 2017. http://www. city-data.com/poverty/poverty-Johnson-City-Tennessee.html.

5. "About ASP." ASP Home. June 14,

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2017. Accessed August 16, 2017. https://www.asphome.org/about/.

6. IBID IMAGES 1. Pastor Chris Scrivens 2. Pastor Chris Scrivens 3. https://i.pinimg.com/originals/65/68/01/656801ac9d271ccd61ca788e8e60db11.jpg 4. https://www.designtrends.com/ arch-interior/office-designs/corporate-offices.html 5. http://www.cntraveller.com/recommended/hotels/best-design-hostels/ page/kex-hostel,-reykjavik 6. http://designawards.architects.org/ wp-content/uploads/2017/02/Nave1920x932.jpg 7. https://cdn4.jdinstitute.com/ wp-content/uploads/2016/03/Interior-Desig.jpg 8. http://www.arch2o.com/ wp-content/uploads/2017/07/ ARCH2O-Kengo-Kuma-Associates-Design-Eco-luxury-Hotel-in-Paris-Featuring-Wood-and-Greenery-03.jpg 9. Pastor Chris Scrivens 10. Pastor Chris Scrivens CHAPTER 2 CITATIONS

1. "About." ASP Home. June 14, 2017.

Accessed August 16, 2017. https:// www.asphome.org/about/.

2. Borgmann, Nicola. "Design Campaign in Dormitory." @GI_weltweit. April 2016. Accessed September 03, 2017. https://www.goethe.de/en/kul/ arc/20731614.html.

3. "History of the youth hostels movement." Hostelscentral.com. 2003. Accessed September 03, 2017. http:// www.hostelscentral.com/en/magazine/ hostels-information/history-of-the-youthhostels-movement.

4. YHA Rucksack, 1935.

5. IBID 6. Dubin, Elisabeth. Preservation for the People: Seventy Years of American Youth Hostels. CGI. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania, 2003.

7. "YHA England & Wales." YHA. Accessed September 03, 2017. http:// www.yha.org.uk/about-yha/yha-history.

8. "History of Hostelling." HI USA. 2017. Accessed September 20, 2017. https://www.hiusa.org/about-us/history-of-hostelling.

9. Bellis, Mary. "The History of the Office Through the Centuries." ThoughtCo. Accessed October 04, 2017. https://

www.thoughtco.com/history-of-the-office-1992211.

10. IBID 11. IBID 12. Dunne, Carey. "8 Of Google's Craziest Offices." Co.Design. August 21, 2017. Accessed October 04, 2017. https://www.fastcodesign. com/3028909/8-of-googles-craziest-offices.

13. IBID IMAGES 1. https://jesseleeasp.org/ 2. http://design-milk.com/ cuningham-group-architecture-designs-their-own-la-office/ 3. https://i.pinimg.com/736x /74/92/84/74928416e198e4ae667144140f01ed44--corporate-office-design-workplace-design.jpg CHAPTER 3 CITATIONS 1. Advameg, Inc. "Johnson City, Tennessee (TN) Poverty Rate Data Information about poor and low income residents." City Data.

2015. Accessed October 04, 2017. http://www.city-data.com/poverty/ poverty-Johnson-City-Tennessee.html.

2. U.S. Census Bureau . "QuickFacts."

QuickFacts selected: Johnson City city,

Tennessee. 2016. Accessed September 04, 2017. https://www.census.gov/ quickfacts/fact/table/johnsoncitycitytennessee/AGE295216.

3. IBID 4. Woolston, Chris. "Sick Building Syndrome: Is Your Office Making You Sick?"

HealthDay. January 20, 2017. Accessed October 01, 2017. https://consumer. healthday.com/encyclopedia/asthma-and-allergies-4/asthma-news-47/ sick-building-syndrome-is-your-office-making-you-sick-646729.html.

5. "Company Introduction." Antao Design.

2014. Accessed October 10, 2017. http://www.antaogroup.com/en-us/ about/introduction.

6. "Antao Headquarters / ANTAO group." ArchDaily. May 05, 2017. Accessed October 10, 2017. http://www. archdaily.com/806150/planting-inspiration-the-architectural-review-of-antao-new-headquarters-antao-group.

7. IBID 8. IBID 9. IBID 10. "Contact Us." Antao Design. 2014.

Accessed October 10, 2017. http:// www.antaogroup.com/en-us/about/ contact.

11. "Google Maps." Google Maps. Accessed October 13, 2017. https:// www.google.com/maps/dir/Hangzhou East Station Costume Market, Genshan West Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China/ Hangzhou Longitude And Latitude International Creative Industrial Park, Shiqiao Rd, Xiacheng Qu, Hangzhou Shi, Zhejiang Sheng, China, 310000/@30.302 2759,120.1846164,14z/data=!3m 1!4b1!4m13!4m12!1m5!1m1!1s0x344c9c4a98244e79:0xbb9ebb24bdacf9 a8!2m2!1d120.2067003!2d30.2 773554!1m5!1m1!1s0x344c9e42b92d8565:0x20f205991692bf8a!2 m2!1d120.192498!2d30.32463?hl= en.

12. IBID 13. IBID 14. IBID 15. IBID 16. "Experience and Design- LED Hostels." Generator Hostel. August 25, 2017.

Accessed October 7, 2017. https:// generatorhostels.com/?lang=en-GB. 17. "Generator Paris / Design Agency."

ArchDaily. June 15, 2015. Accessed October 11, 2017. http://www.archdaily. com/642241/generator-paris-designagency.

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18. IBID 19. IBID 20. IBID IMAGES 1. Kelly McMullen 2. Google maps 3. Kelly McMullen 4. Kelly McMullen 5. Kelly McMullen 6. Kelly McMullen 7. Google maps 8. Kelly McMullen 9. Kelly McMullen 10. Kelly McMullen 11. Kelly McMullen 12. http://www.archdaily. com/806150/planting-inspiration-the-architectural-review-of-antao-new-headquarters-antao-group/ 58b2e92ce58ece4cd100043b-planting-inspiration-the-architectural-review-ofantao-new-headquarters-antao-group-photo 13. http://www.archdaily. com/806150/planting-inspiration-the-architectural-review-of-antao-new-headquarters-antao-group/ 90ce855e58ece6542000172-planting-inspiration-the-architectural-review-ofantao-new-headquarters-antao-group-photo 14. Google maps

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15. http://www.archdaily. com/806150/planting-inspiration-the-architectural-review-of-antao-new-headquarters-antao-group/58b2e897e58ece4cd100043a-planting-inspiration-the-architectural-review-of-antao-new-headquarters-antao-group-photo 16. http://www.archdaily. com/806150/planting-inspiration-the-architectural-review-of-antao-new-headquarters-antao-group/ 58b2ec5fe58ece4cd100043f-planting-inspiration-the-architectural-review-ofantao-new-headquarters-antao-group-photo 17. http://www.archdaily. com/806150/planting-inspiration-the-architectural-review-of-antao-new-headquarters-antao-group/58b2f217e58ece2b450007ad-planting-inspiration-the-architectural-review-of-antao-new-headquarters-antao-group-photo 18. http://www.archdaily. com/806150/planting-inspiration-the-architectural-review-of-antao-new-headquarters-antao-group/58b30c97e58ece4cd1000450-planting-inspiration-the-architectural-review-of-antaonew-headquarters-antao-group-photo

19. http://www.archdaily. com/806150/planting-inspiration-the-architectural-review-of-antao-new-headquarters-antao-group/58b2edb2e58ece4cd1000440-planting-inspiration-the-architectural-review-of-antaonew-headquarters-antao-group-photo 20. http://www.archdaily. com/806150/planting-inspiration-the-architectural-review-of-antao-new-headquarters-antao-group/58b2f274e58ece4cd1000442-planting-inspiration-the-architectural-review-of-antao-new-headquarters-antao-group-photo 21. https://images.adsttc.com/ media/images/557e/352d/ e58e/ced6/2800/0318/ large_jpg/GenParis_DesignAgency_20. jpg?1434334499 22. http://www.contemporist.com/ wp-content/uploads/2015/07/generator-hostel-paris_150715_05.jpg 23. Google maps 24. https://i.ytimg.com/vi/5ovDSLj0UzY/maxresdefault.jpg 25. http://www.contemporist.com/ wp-content/uploads/2015/07/generator-hostel-paris_150715_12.jpg 26. https://images.adsttc.com/

media/images/557e/349f/ e58e/ced6/2800/0311/ large_jpg/GenParis_DesignAgency_08. jpg?1434334360 27. https://media.cntraveler.com/photos/54f4dd4f6450ad091fda2d2b/ master/pass/generator-hostel-paris-reception.jpg 28. https://i0.wp.com/designlifenetwork.com/wp-content/ uploads/2015/06/Generator_Paris_lowres-51.jpg 29. https://images.adsttc.com/ media/images/557e/3507/ e58e/ced6/2800/0316/ large_jpg/GenParis_DesignAgency_17. jpg?1434334464 CHAPTER 4 CITATIONS 1. Clarida, Rachel. "OFFICE INTERIOR DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS." Hatch Design.

October 03, 2017. Accessed September 15, 2017. https://www.hatchdesign. ca/office-interior-design-considerations/.

2. "How to Make Your Desk More Comfortable." Humanscale. Accessed September 15, 2017. https://www.humanscale. com/ergonomics/what-is-ergonomics/ how-to-make-your-desk-more-comfortable. cfm.

3. "Computer Vision Syndrome." American Optometric Association. Accessed September 15, 2017. https://www.aoa.org/ patients-and-public/caring-for-your-vision/protecting-your-vision/computer-vision-syndrome.

4. IBID 5. IBID 6. Europe, Shoes For Crews. "The Importance of Restaurant Ergonomics - How to Design for Safety." Traction Times from Shoes For Crews Europe. Accessed September 15, 2017. http://blog.sfceurope. com/the-importance-of-restaurant-ergonomics-how-to-design-for-safety.

7. "Benefits of natural daylight." National Association of Rooflight Manufacturers.

Accessed September 15, 2017. http:// www.narm.org.uk/downloads/daylight-benefits/.

8. Van Den Wymelenberg, Kevin. "The Benefits of Natural Light." Architectural Lighting. September 22, 2017. Accessed March 19, 2014. http://www.archlighting.com/technology/the-benefits-of-natural-light_o.

9. The Benefits of Wayfinding Signage.

PDF. ASI Sign Systems, 2017.

10. "What is Universal Design." Centre for Excellence in Universal Design. Accessed

September 15, 2017. http://universaldesign.ie/What-is-Universal-Design/.

IMAGES 1. https://www.archdaily. com/877897/drift-sanjose-self-designed/59953e05b22e38e2cc000315-drift-sanjose-self-designed-ground-floor-plan 2. http://glencoehostel.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2011/12/Alpine-FloorPlan.jpg 3. https://mir-s3-cdn-cf.behance.net/ project_modules/max_1200/96651b3 0391525.56209ab8dd5fd.jpg 4. http://designarchitectureart. com/2016/12/computer-workstation-ergonomics-must-know/ 5. http://positivemed.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/09/Computer-tips-to-prevent-Carpal-Tunnel-Syndrome.jpg 6. http://www.automotiveillustrations. com/tutorials/tutorialimages/workspace_ergonomics-desktop-layout.jpg 7. http://ptandme.com/wp-content/ uploads/2015/05/ergo_workstation. jpg 8. http://designarchitectureart. com/2016/12/computer-workstation-ergonomics-must-know/

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9. http://designarchitectureart. com/2016/12/computer-workstation-ergonomics-must-know/ 10. http://designarchitectureart. com/2016/12/computer-workstation-ergonomics-must-know/ 11. http://designarchitectureart. com/2016/12/computer-workstation-ergonomics-must-know/ 12. https://www.snaidero-usa.com/ sites/default/files/Senza-titolo1.jpg 13. http://news.designtime. co.uk/2014/ 14. https://i.pinimg.com/originals/9d/06/f8/9d06f88acfc7a30a84c4ec43cdb8f72b.jpg 15. https://i.pinimg.com/736x/ fa/5b/4d/fa5b4dfa85aa7bbcc8774c8165a4f46f--recessed-lightingideas-kitchen-recessed-lighting-ideasliving-room.jpg 16. https://zenmerchandiser.com/ wp-content/uploads/2016/04/1. types-of-fixtures-different-types-of-lightceiling-fixtures.jpg 17. http://www.myofficeone.com/ office/wp-content/gallery/sound-masking-and-acoustical-management-images/ acoustic-design-diagram-sound-masking.jpg 18. https://i.pinimg.com/originals/1f/

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a9/e1/1fa9e1928e6e9d158b28c6dc3af80d67.jpg 19. http://s3images.coroflot.com/ user_files/individual_files/213249_ tL0qLLBpJvNptkT0OzmOQqVXK.gif 20. https://i.pinimg.com/ originals/89/66/40/ 89664013faa2badd22db5275dfce8b98.jpg 21. https://i.pinimg. com/736x/1d/29/03/1d2903c8a2768229d8d4e02554e32932--ada-restroom-ada-bathroom.jpg 22. https://cdn6.bigcommerce. com/s-cziwra/product_images/uploaded_images/accessible-bathing-fig35. jpg?t=1456593150 23. https://i.pinimg.com/736x /84/76/53/847653251b7b09d2a3e1d6574b774870--ada-restroom-design-bathroom.jpg 24. https://electricalcode.files.wordpress.com/2013/07/ada-height-requirements.jpg?w=930 25. https://www.ada.gov/ regs2010/2010ADAStandards/images/ADA-AB23.gif 26. http://bcdg.hoop.la/ fileSendAction/fcType/0/

fcOid/330620847500554507/ filePointer/330902322494975143/ fodoid/330902322494975140/ imageType/LARGE/inlineImage/true/ Vestibules-_to_scale.jpg CHAPTER 5 CITATIONS 1. "The Psychology of Colors in Hospitality Businesses." Skyline Design. September 28, 2017. Accessed September 15, 2017. https://www.simexa.com/blog/ psychology-colors-hospitality-businesses.

2. IBID 3. "Psychology Of Colors In A Workplace."

Officevibe. October 31, 2017. Accessed September 15, 2017. https://www. officevibe.com/blog/psychology-of-colors-in-a-workplace.

4. Saengpetch, Chatchai. "How Colors Affect Office Productivity." Taskworld Blog.

Accessed September 15, 2017. http:// blog.taskworld.com/how-colors-affect-office-productivity-infographic.

5. "Appalachian Poverty." Fahe. September 29, 2017. Accessed September 15, 2017. https://fahe.org/appalachian-poverty.

6. Stolberg, Sheryl Gay. "Beyond Coal: Imagining Appalachia's Future." The New York Times. August 17, 2016. Accessed

September 15, 2017. https://www. nytimes.com/2016/08/18/us/ beyond-coal-imagining-appalachias-future. html.

7. IBID 8. Greeley, Brendan. "Mapping the Growth of Disability Claims in America." Bloomberg.com. December 16, 2016. Accessed September 15, 2017. https://www.bloomberg.com/news/ features/2016-12-16/mapping-thegrowth-of-disability-claims-in-america.

9. IBID IMAGES 1. https://i.pinimg.com/originals/d8/8a/f8/d88af85f8c8be06782ddbef77d6b5a7f.jpg 2. https://cohassetasp.org/photo-gallery/ 3. http://www.hgtv.com/design/ decorating/color/choosing-interior-color-schemes 4. https://brandlitic.com/wp-content/ uploads/2017/07/how-to-use-color-psychology.jpg 5. http://www.brb-international.com/ news/2016/06/new-silicone-hammertone-finish-additive-for-paints-and-coatings 6. Pastor Chris Scrivens

CHAPTER 6 CITATIONS 1. "Johnson City, Tennessee." Johnson City, Tennessee (TN) profile: population, maps, real estate, averages, homes, statistics, relocation, travel, jobs, hospitals, schools, crime, moving, houses, news, sex offenders. Accessed September 15, 2017. http://www.city-data.com/city/Johnson-City-Tennessee.html.

2. American Psychological Association.

Accessed September 15, 2017. http:// www.apa.org/topics/divorce/.

3. Engel, Pamela. "MAP: Divorce Rates Around The World." Business Insider.

May 25, 2014. Accessed September 15, 2017. http://www.businessinsider. com/map-divorce-rates-around-theworld-2014-5.

4. IBID 5. IBID 6. "Piney Flats,." Piney Flats, TN 37686 - Real Estate Market Data NeighborhoodScout. Accessed October 15, 2017. https://www.neighborhoodscout. com/tn/piney-flats.

IMAGES 1. https://www.topoquest.com/map-detail.php?usgs_cell_id=22686 2. http://www.city-data.com/city/

Johnson-City-Tennessee.html 3. Pastor Chris Scrivens 4. http://www.sullivancountytn.gov/ sites/sullivancountytn.gov/files/Zoning%20Map%20%28Updated%20 01.10.2014%29.pdf 5. Google maps 6. Margie Kendall 7. Margie Kendall CHAPTER 7 CHAPTER 8 CITATIONS 1. "About Us." Butler Manufacturing.

Accessed September 15, 2017. http:// butlermfg.com/en/about_us.

IMAGES 1. http://butlermfg.com/en/products_systems/structural_systems/ classic_ii_building_system 2. Pastor Chris Scrivens 3. https://www.3dartistonline.com/users/5443/thm1024/1343859185_ church%20final%202%20ps%20 copy%20web.jpg 4. Margie Kendall CHAPTER 9 IMAGES 1. Pastor Chris Scrivens 2. Pastor Chris Scrivens

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CAPSTONE COMMITTEE Ellen Prantl-Bartlett prantlbartlett@philau.edu 267.309.3150 Donna Daley daleyd@philau.edu 610.416.4915 Lisa Phillips phillipsl@philau.edu 215.518.3535 CAPSTONE ADVISORS Christy Hemmes ycyoung262@aol.com 908.310.6211 Margie Kendall mkendall@asphome.org 423.943.5067

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2011 Logan County, WV 2012 Tazwell County, VA 2013 Martin County, KY 2014 Washington County, TN 2015 Sullivan County, TN 2016 Wyoming County, WV