Report 2010

Report NUMBER 18 2010

COVER Looking towards the Somerset House East Wing from the main entrance to the Great Court. King’s fulfilled its long-held ambition of acquiring the East Wing in 2009, and the Wing is currently being converted as a distinguished addition to the College’s Strand Campus.

Photograph by Phil Sayer

MAIN COLLEGE ADDRESS King’s College London Strand London WC2R 2LS +44(0)20 7836 5454 www.kcl.ac.uk

K

ING’S COLLEGE LONDON is one of

the top 25 universities in the world (2010 QA international world rankings); The Sunday Times ‘University of the Year 2010-11’ and the fourth oldest university in England. A research-led university based in the heart of London, King’s has nearly 23,000 students (of whom more than 8,600 are postgraduates) from nearly 140 countries, and some 5,500 employees.

King’s has an outstanding reputation for providing world-class teaching and cutting-edge research. In the 2008 Research Assessment Exercise for British universities, 23 departments were ranked in the top quartile of British universities; over half RI RXU DFDGHPLF VWDƩ ZRUN LQ GHSDUWPHQWV WKDW DUH LQ WKH WRS SHU FHQW LQ WKH 8. LQ WKHLU ƪHOG DQG FDQ WKXV EH FODVVHG DV world leading. The College is in the top seven UK universities for research earnings and has an overall annual income of over £500 million.

King’s has particular distinction in the humanities, law, the sciences (including a wide range of health areas such as psychiatry, medicine, nursing and dentistry) and social sciences LQFOXGLQJ LQWHUQDWLRQDO DƩDLUV ,W KDV SOD\HG D PDMRU UROH LQ many of the advances that have shaped modern life, such as the discovery of the structure of DNA and research that led to the development of radio, television, mobile phones and radar. It is the largest centre for the education of healthcare professionals in Europe; no university has more Medical Research Council Centres.

King’s College London, and the NHS foundation trusts of Guy’s and St Thomas’, King’s College Hospital and South London and Maudsley are part of King’s Health Partners. King’s Health Partners Academic Health Sciences Centre (AHSC) is a pioneering global collaboration between one of the world’s leading research-led universities and three of London’s most successful NHS foundation trusts, including leading teaching hospitals and comprehensive mental health services.

REPORT 18

CONTENTS

2

44

Reaching up, reaching out The Principal, Professor Sir Richard Trainor, h[Ô[Yji ed Z[l[befc[dji Wj A_d]Êi _d (&&/#'&$

Somerset House & King’s J^[ WddekdY[c[dj j^Wj A_d]Êi _i je cel[ _dje j^[ Iec[hi[j >eki[ ;Wij M_d] mWi Wd ^_ijeh_Y cec[dj \eh j^[ 9ebb[][0 Xkj edbo j^[ bWj[ij e\ cWdo Y^Wd][i j^Wj j^[ Xk_bZ_d] WdZ _ji _cfehjWdj i_j[ ^Wl[ i[[d Zkh_d] j^[ Yekhi[ e\ j^[_h bed] ijeho$

6 News in brief D[mi WdZ Z[l[befc[dji Wj A_d]Êi _d (&&/#'&$

12 Editor :h 9^h_ij_d[ A[doed @ed[i Design 9^h_ij_d[ 7oh[ Printer 7bf_d[ Fh[ii J^[ A_d]Êi 9ebb[][ BedZed Report h[l_[mi j^[ 9ebb[][Êi meha [WY^ o[Wh Xo \[Wjkh_d] W iWcfb[ e\ j^[ h[i[WhY^ WdZ j[WY^_d] Ykhh[djbo jWa_d] fbWY[ _d j^[ 9ebb[][$ ?j _i j^[ Fh_dY_fWbÊi h[fehj je 9ebb[][ 9ekdY_b$ J^_i [Z_j_ed e\ j^[ Report Yel[hi j^[ o[Wh (&&/#'&$

The Report _i fkXb_i^[Z Xo0 FkXb_Y H[bWj_edi :[fWhjc[dj A_d]Êi 9ebb[][ BedZed @Wc[i 9b[ha CWnm[bb 8k_bZ_d] +- MWj[hbee HeWZ BedZed I;' .M7 A_d]Êi 9ebb[][ BedZed (&'' <eh \khj^[h Yef_[i YedjWYj fh6aYb$WY$ka

Celebrating Nightingale A_d]Êi <beh[dY[ D_]^j_d]Wb[ IY^eeb e\ Dkhi_d] C_Zm_\[ho cWha[Z jme _cfehjWdj Wdd_l[hiWh_[i _d (&'&$ Fhe\[iieh 7dd[ CWh_[ HWù[hjo" >[WZ e\ j^[ IY^eeb" h[Ô[Yji ed ^em D_]^j_d]Wb[ ]ej ^[h c[iiW][ WYheii WdZ j^[ b[iiedi i^[ ij_bb ^Wi je j[WY^$

18 Costing nature >em Ze m[ Éi[[Ê j^[ X[d[Óji fhel_Z[Z je ^kcWd_jo Xo dWjkhWb Wh[Wi5 ?d_j_Wj_l[i Z[l_i[Z Xo :h CWha Ckbb_]Wd" H[WZ[h _d F^oi_YWb =[e]hWf^o" W_c je kdZ[hijWdZ WdZ gkWdj_\o j^[ _cfehjWdY[ e\ ]beXWb fhej[Yj[Z Wh[Wi _d ikijW_d_d] ^kcWda_dZ" WdZ je i^Wh[ j^_i ademb[Z][ m_j^ j^[ fkXb_Y WdZ feb_Yo#cWa[hi$

50 Creating a 21st century curriculum ;[lW B[_ded[d" L_Y[#Fh_dY_fWb ;ZkYWj_ed [nfbW_di ^em A_d]Êi _i b[WZ_d] j^[ mWo je [dikh[ j^Wj kd_l[hi_j_[i [gk_f ijkZ[dji \eh j^[ ('ij Y[djkho mehbZ e\ meha" \eh Wd [dl_hedc[dj e\ YedijWdj Y^Wd][" \eh W ]beXWb f[hif[Yj_l[" WdZ \eh i[hl_Y[ je ieY_[jo$

58 Student diary HoWd MW_d" Fh[i_Z[dj e\ A_d]Êi 9ebb[][ BedZed IjkZ[djiÊ Kd_ed" Z[iYh_X[i j^[ o[Wh \hec j^[ ijkZ[dj fe_dj e\ l_[m$

61 <WYji Ó]kh[i 9ebb[][ ijWj_ij_Yi$

24

64

High performance year F[h\ehcWdY[ WdZ fkXb_Y [d]W][c[dj Wh[ j^[c[i j^Wj ^Wl[ fkj A_d]Êi _d j^[ ifejb_]^j j^_i o[Wh$

Finances 9ebb[][ _dYec[ WdZ [nf[dZ_jkh[$

32

Acknowledgements =_\ji je A_d]Êi \hec _dZ_l_ZkWbi" ]hWdj#cWa_d] jhkiji WdZ ej^[h eh]Wd_iWj_edi ^Wl[ ef[d[Z kf d[m Wh[Wi \eh Yb_d_YWb WdZ WYWZ[c_Y h[i[WhY^" [ijWXb_i^[Z iY^ebWhi^_f effehjkd_j_[i" WdZ Yh[Wj[Z d[m WYWZ[c_Y feiji WdZ X[jj[h \WY_b_j_[i$

Making multi-­ethnic Britain J^[ dWjkh[" eh_]_di WdZ [ù[Yji e\ YbWii WdZ [j^d_Y c_deh_jo _d 8h_jW_d Wh[ j^[ \eYki e\ ijkZ_[i Xo WYWZ[c_Yi \hec i[l[hWb Z_ù[h[dj Z[fWhjc[dji Wj A_d]Êi$

65

38 Nature, nurture – or epigenetics? :h @edWj^Wd C_bb e\ j^[ ?dij_jkj[ e\ FioY^_Wjho i^emi ^em j^[ iY_[dY[ e\ [f_][d[j_Yi Å j^[ ijkZo e\ ^[h_jWXb[ Y^Wd][i _d ][d[ \kdYj_ed j^Wj eYYkh m_j^ekj W Y^Wd][ _d j^[ :D7 i[gk[dY[ Å _i Yecfb_YWj_d] ekh kdZ[hijWdZ_d] e\ j^[ heb[i e\ j^[ mWoi ][d[i meha$

1

REACHING UP, REACHING OUT The Principal, Professor Sir Richard Trainor, UHĆŤHFWV RQ GHYHORSPHQWV DW .LQJĹ&#x203A;V LQ Ę&#x2013;Ę&#x201D;Ę&#x201D;Ę? Ę&#x2022;Ę&#x201D; J>; J?C;I

The Principal

REPORT 18

T

his edition of the Report goes to press at a time of fast-moving political developments for higher education in the UK, with predictions of challenging times ahead for all the countryâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s universities. These, paradoxically, make us even more aware of how well rooted Kingâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s College London is: both in its own history and in London, and I am pleased to say that in the 2009-10 academic year we have again been able to build on these foundations to secure some remarkable achievements: locally, nationally and in the global arena.

A particular cause for celebration this year is the Collegeâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s performance in two important league tables: one UK-based and one international. In September we learnt that Kingâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s had been named as â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;University of the Year 2010-11â&#x20AC;&#x2122; by the Sunday Times, while in the QS World University Rankings published a few weeks later the College was placed 21st â&#x20AC;&#x201C; the fourth year running we have been among the worldâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s top 25 (see page 6).

Breadth of excellence These two league tables take account of GLĆŠHUHQW FULWHULD UDQJLQJ IURP VWXGHQW satisfaction and graduate employability, to international commitment and citations in the worldâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s largest database of academic publishing. Our success in both therefore demonstrates a breadth of excellence in the Collegeâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s achievements this year, and this is a tribute to the hard work and dedication RI RXU VWDĆŠ DQG VWXGHQWV DV ZHOO DV WR WKH support of our friends and alumni.

One piece of history we have been particularly pleased to celebrate in 2010 is the centenary of Florence Nightingale, and the 150th anniversary of her foundation of the school of nursing which is the direct ancestor of the Kingâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s present School of Nursing & Midwifery (see page 12).

Another undoubted historic achievement for Kingâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s this year is our acquisition of the East Wing of Somerset House: a development that the College has sought (

The Principal

:7L?: J;JJ

REPORT 18

D7H;I> L;HB7D:;H

The Principal with recipients of the 2010 King’s Awards, which recognise excellence DPRQJ .LQJśV VWDƩ and students.

ever since it was built in 1831. We are GHOLJKWHG WR EHFRPH SDUW RI WKH PDJQLƪFHQW suite of buildings that were originally erected for government departments by Sir William Chambers at the end of the 18th century. As the feature on page 44 shows, legal education (in the form of an ŚLQQ RI FKDQFHU\ś ZDV ƪUVW SURYLGHG RQ WKLV site in mediaeval times, so it is particularly appropriate that the Somerset House East Wing will from 2012 provide a splendid new home for our School of Law (which is itself approaching its 180th year of existence), as well as a new London arts complex, in partnership with the Somerset House Trust.

New audiences Reverend Jesse Jackson visited King’s to launch StopWatch: a new action-research group tackling the disproportionate stop-and-search of Black and Asian people in the UK.

.LQJśV DOUHDG\ KDV D KLJK SURƪOH LQ WKH arts and culture area, as our successful 2009 and 2010 Arts & Humanities weeks and our partnership of the Cheltenham Festivals show. Celebrating and reaching out to new audiences through various kinds of performance has been a particularly important theme for the College this year (see pages 24-31). As well as the audiences for these events, we have welcomed some especially distinguished visitors to King’s, including those on whom the Chairman of the Council, Lord Douro, and I have bestowed honorary doctorates of the College (see page 8).

Other important UK visitors this year have included HRH The Princess Royal, Chancellor of the University of London; 3

The Principal

=H;= <KDD;BB

REPORT 18

Hilary Mantel, winner of the 2009 Booker prize; and Ken Clarke, the Lord Chancellor and Secretary of State for Justice. In international terms we have played host to His Excellency Mr Louis B Susman, the United States Ambassador, who gave this year’s Commemoration Oration (see page 9). It has also been a great pleasure to welcome His Excellency Mr Liu Xiaoming, Ambassador of the People’s Republic of China, and the Spanish Ambassador to the UK, His Excellency Mr Carles Casajuana, as well as US civil rights leader Revd Jesse Jackson; General David Petraeus, Commander of the International Security Assistance Force in Afghanistan; and the Chairman of Santander International Bank, Emilio Botín.

International reach As I have travelled abroad this year I have EHHQ KHDUWHQHG WR ƪQG WKDW WKH ZHOFRPH for King’s overseas is equally warm, both from our international alumni, friends, donors and supporters, and at events such as the British Council’s ‘UK/US Higher Education Policy Dialogue’ in New York in October, where I addressed education leaders including the heads of 20 US and UK universities. King’s international reach also continues to expand in terms of our agreements with universities around the world, with the purpose of enhancing research, enabling the transfer of knowledge and providing opportunities for student 4

Our success demonstrates a breadth of excellence in the College’s achievements this year, and this is a tribute to the hard work and GHGLFDWLRQ RI RXU VWDƩ DQG students, as well as to the support of our friends and alumni. learning and experience. Partnerships which involve links across several of the College’s Schools of study with universities of comparable international standing in research and teaching are those with Hong Kong University; the University of North Carolina, the University of California, San Francisco; Jawaharlal Nehru University (India) and the National University of Singapore. King’s central role within the important emerging discipline of international health was emphasised by the launch of King’s Health Partners’ global role at a conference in November 2010 on ‘New Challenges in Global Health’ (see page 7).

New fundraising era These events and achievements gave us JUHDW FRQƪGHQFH DV WKH &ROOHJH LQDXJXUDWHG a new era of university fundraising with the global launch in November 2010 of its

The Principal with HE Mr Liu Xiaoming, Ambassador of the People’s Republic of China, and Professor Keith Hoggart, VicePrincipal of King’s.

The Principal 8H?J?I> 9;H;CED?7B 7HJI B?C?J;:

The Principal met US students who won â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;Study Abroad Excellenceâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; awards in 2009. The awards recognise the outstanding quality of international students at Kingâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s.

@79A B7J?C;H

REPORT 18

The Principal and Professor Graham Thornicroft received the Queenâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Anniversary Prize for higher education at Buckingham Palace.

World questions | Kingâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s answers campaign, which we were proud to announce will be chaired by former Prime Minister Sir John Major (see page 6). The purpose of this ambitious campaign is to raise ÂŁ500 million to support the Collegeâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s research in areas where Kingâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s is well-placed to make world-leading contributions to knowledge, especially in neuroscience & mental health, OHDGHUVKLS VRFLHW\ DQG FDQFHU b7KDQNV to the generosity of our alumni, donors, volunteers, friends and supporters, including those acknowledged on pages 65 and 66, we have already raised nearly ÂŁ200 million towards our goal. Another cause for ĆŞQDQFLDO FRQĆŞGHQFH LV WKH DĆŹUPDWLRQ RI the Collegeâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s strong credit rating of â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;AAâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; by Standard & Poorâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s, and their further upward UHYLVLRQ RI .LQJĹ&#x203A;V ĆŞQDQFLDO RXWORRN The College will have many challenging questions to resolve in the coming year, but it is clear that Kingâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s has a very solid foundation to rely upon and is better placed than most English universities in mapping out its future strategies. We therefore look forward into the new decade with ambition DQG FRQĆŞGHQFH ZHOFRPLQJ WKH RSSRUWXQLW\ to build on our achievements and to focus on excellence, while we continue to make GLĆŹFXOW GHFLVLRQV LQ DQ LPDJLQDWLYH ZD\ to ensure the Collegeâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s continued success, locally, nationally and internationally.

5

NEWS IN BRIEF 2009-­10

NICK WOOD

News in brief

REPORT 18

King’s success The award to King’s of the Sunday Times designation ‘University of the Year’ for 2010-11 recognises the College’s all-round excellence, including student satisfaction, research quality, academic f[[h h[l_[m" [djhWdY[ gkWb_ÓYWj_edi held by new students, degree results WY^_[l[Z" ijkZ[dj%ijWù hWj_ei" Zhefekj rates and graduate employment levels. King’s improved its position in every one of the league table’s variable criteria (the only university to do so), with rises of 13 per cent in undergraduate applications and 30 per cent in postgraduate applications. For the fourth year running the College also rose in the QS international league table of universities (from 23rd to 21st position in the world). Similarly, in 2010 King’s rose by two places to 63rd in the world university league table produced by Shanghai Jiao Tong University, China, and from 6th to 5th in the UK. This ranking compares 1,200 higher education institutions worldwide for Nobel Prizes, Field Medals, highly cited researchers, articles published in Science and Nature, the Science Citation Index, and institutions’ per capita academic performance.

6

Move into Somerset House East Wing

World questions|King’s answers

After signing a milestone agreement to take possession of the East Wing of Somerset House in 2009, the College began work on renovating and adapting the Wing for occupation in the academic year 2011-12. The acquisition of the Somerset House East Wing extends the College’s Strand Campus into one of London’s most beautiful and important Xk_bZ_d]i WdZ \kbÓbbi W ^ef[ dkhi[Z Xo King’s ever since its foundation in 1829.

The renovated building will bridge the worlds of higher education, policy and the arts, and play a key role in King’s continuing development as a world-class university. The College’s School of Law will gain premises appropriate to its standing as one of Europe’s premier law schools and its 180-year-old tradition of excellence, including a new Moot Court that will enable students to perfect their debating skills.

King’s is spearheading a new era of university fundraising with the global launch of its World questions | King’s answers campaign, which is chaired by former Prime Minister Sir John Major. The campaign aims to raise £500 million to enable the College to deliver research addressing many of the world’s most challenging problems in the areas of neuroscience & mental health, b[WZ[hi^_f ieY_[jo" WdZ YWdY[h$¿7d international launch in November 2010, supported by Archbishop Desmond Tutu, Nobel Peace Laureate, King’s Fellow and alumnus, was streamed simultaneously across three continents, with events in New York and Hong Kong as well as in London. The campaign has already raised nearly £200 million.

NA’EEM AHMED

COURTESY OF GSK

Lord Coe, Chairman London 2012; Professor David Cowan, Director, Drug Control Centre, and Andrew Whitty, CEO, GlaxoSmithKline.

Olympic role A partnership between GlaxoSmithKline (GSK) and King’s means that the College’s world-renowned Drug Control Centre will play a key role in anti-doping testing and control for the London 2012 Olympic and Paralympic Games. The King’s Drug Control Centre, which is one of only 35 accredited anti-doping laboratories in the world, and the only one in the UK, has already been involved in the science of anti-doping in four winter Olympics, two previous summer Olympics and several Commonwealth ]Wc[i$¿J^[ 9[djh[ YWhh_[Z ekj ceh[ than 8,000 tests across 70 sports last year and in 2012 will be working round the clock to analyse thousands of athletes’ samples, helping to deter drug cheats and ensuring that the Games are conducted to the highest ethical standards. J^[ 9[djh[ mWi j^[ Óhij human sports drug-testing laboratory established outside an Olympic Games when it was set up in 1978 with the support of the Sports Council (and now the UK Anti-Doping Agency).

DOMINIC TURNER

News in brief

REPORT 18

*OREDO +HDOWK 'D\b

Knighthood for Principal

King’s Health Partners has launched its global role with a conference in November 2010 addressed by Professor Baron Peter Piot, Executive Director of the UN specialised agency UNAIDS, Director of the London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, and codiscoverer of the Ebola virus in 1976.

As well as Professor Piot’s keynote speech on ‘New Challenges in Global Health’, participants heard talks and panel discussions featuring key players in global health. King’s Health Partners _i ed[ e\ j^[ KAÊi Ól[ 7YWZ[c_Y >[Wbj^ Science Centres. It brings together King’s College, as a world-leading university in the making, and three successful NHS Foundation Trusts (Guy’s and St Thomas’, King’s College Hospital and South London and Maudsley) to create a centre where world-class research, teaching and clinical practice Wh[ YecX_d[Z \eh j^[ X[d[Ój e\ fWj_[dji$ Global health is an emerging discipline that is increasingly being adopted by governments, international agencies, academic institutions and civil society, as it recognises that health challenges and their solutions increasingly transcend national borders.

The Principal was awarded an honorary knighthood (KBE) in June 2010 for services to higher education. After he was granted UK citizenship in November 2010 the honour was made substantive. Sir Richard came to King’s as Principal and Professor of Social History in 2004, after four years as Vice-Chancellor of Greenwich University.

From 2007 to 2009 he was also President of Universities UK, the major representative body for the higher education sector. Born and educated in the USA (Brown and Princeton), he was a Rhodes Scholar at Oxford where he took his doctorate in history. In 1979 he became a lecturer at Glasgow University and rose to become Senior Vice-Principal there before moving to Greenwich.

7

King’s Queen’s Prize

3DOOLDWLYH FDUH ƪUVW

The Health Service & Population Research Group at the Institute of Psychiatry at King’s is the most recent of the College’s recipients of a Queen’s Anniversary Prize for higher education work of outstanding excellence. The Group, led by Professor Graham Thornicroft, received the award for helping the recovery and improving the quality of life of people with mental health problems throughout j^[ mehbZ$¿J^[ =hekf ^Wi Z[l[bef[Z robust and reliable methods to assess the needs of individuals with mental health problems, as well as those of populations and family members, and has also made an important contribution je j^[ KA DWj_edWb :[c[dj_W IjhWj[]o$¿

J^[ mehbZÊi Óhij _dij_jkj[ e\ fWbb_Wj_l[ care was formally launched in May 2010

by HRH The Princess Royal, Chancellor of the University of London. The Cicely Saunders Institute of Palliative Care at the King’s Denmark Hill Campus is a world-class research, teaching and care institute which will work to improve the way in which care is given to the dying. It brings together clinicians, educators and researchers, in a partnership between the College and Cicely Saunders International.

8

TEMPEST PHOTOGRAPHY

JULIAN ANDERSON

LAURA MTUNGWAZI

News in brief

REPORT 18

Good Fellows Jme c[cX[hi e\ j^[ 9ebb[][ ijWù have been elected to the Fellowship of the British Academy and one to the Fellowship of the Royal Society this year.

Anke Ehlers, Professor of Experimental Psychopathology and Wellcome Trust Principal Research Fellow at the Institute of Psychiatry, and Shalom Lappin, Professor of Computational Linguistics in the Department of Philosophy, were elected Fellows of the British Academy in July. In May Robin Murray, Professor of Psychiatric Research at the Institute of Psychiatry at King’s, became one of only a tiny handful of psychiatrists to be elected a Fellow of the Royal Society.

Professor Murray was knighted in the 2011 New Year’s Honours list.

Recipients of honorary doctorates, 2009.

Honorary doctorates In 2009 the recipients of King’s honorary doctorates were: Professor Eamon :kùo e\ j^[ Kd_l[hi_jo e\ 9WcXh_Z][1 Professor Peter Higgs of the University e\ ;Z_dXkh]^1 Fhe\[iieh C GWi_c Jan, Vice-Chancellor of Quaid-i-Azam Kd_l[hi_jo" ?ibWcWXWZ1 BehZ IW_diXkho e\ Jkhl_bb[1 Fhe\[iieh BkY_W IWdjW Cruz of Universidad Adolfo Ibáñez, 9^_b[1 Fhe\[iieh BWf#9^[[ Jik_" L_Y[# Chancellor of the University of Hong Aed]1 WdZ Fhe\[iieh CWh_dW MWhd[h of the University of Essex. In 2010 honorary doctorates were bestowed upon the Rt Revd and Rt Hon Dr H_Y^WhZ 9^Whjh[i" 8_i^ef e\ BedZed1 Professor Antoine Compagnon of the Collège de France and Columbia Kd_l[hi_jo1 Fhe\[iieh L_Yjeh @ :pWk" 9^WdY[bbeh \eh >[Wbj^ 7ùW_hi Wj :ka[ Kd_l[hi_jo1 Fhe\[iieh H[d [ 9bW_h[ <en" Professor Emerita at the University e\ F[ddioblWd_W1 Fhe\[iieh I_h A[_j^ Peters, former Regius Professor of F^oi_Y Wj 9WcXh_Z][1 Fhe\[iieh I_h Adam Roberts, President of the British 7YWZ[co1 Fhe\[iieh I_h 7bWd M_bied e\ the UCL Centre for Advanced Spatial Analysis, and Professor Michael Zander, Emeritus Professor of Law at the London School of Economics.

Lord Douro, Chairman of Council; HE Mr Louis B Susman and the Principal after Mr Susman’s oration.

HE Mr Liu Xiaoming, the Principal and Dr Tong Yun-kai, President of the Confucian Academy of Hong Kong.

US Ambassador orates

Confucius at King’s

King’s welcomed His Excellency Mr Louis B Susman, the United States Ambassador, to deliver the College’s 2010 Commemoration Oration in March 2010. His speech focused on President EXWcWÊi Óhij '* cedj^i _d eøY[ WdZ ed the United States’ approach to the key foreign policy issues of Afghanistan and FWa_ijWd1 j^[ C_ZZb[ ;Wij YedÔ_Yj WdZ Iran. The Ambassador also discussed the special relationship between the US and the UK and how it has lasted through peace, war and global challenges such as the economic crisis.

The King’s China Institute celebrated _ji eøY_Wb ef[d_d] _d EYjeX[h (&'& _d the presence of His Excellency Mr Liu Xiaoming, Ambassador of the People’s Republic of China. The launch included the unveiling of a bronze statue of Confucius outside the College’s Maughan Library and a two-day forum on The Analects of Confucius. The Ambassador described the launch as a golden opportunity for the College to pursue closer exchanges and co-operation with China, and to contribute to mutual understanding and friendship between the two peoples. The King’s China Institute, founded in 2008, provides a focal point for the study, promotion and understanding of Chinese society and culture and builds links with Chinese organisations in education, the cultural and creative sectors, business and government.

PGCE praised J^[ A_d]Êi Feij]hWZkWj[ 9[hj_ÓYWj[ _d Education programme (PGCE) received an ‘outstanding’ accolade from Ofsted in May 2010. The King’s route to becoming W gkWb_Ó[Z j[WY^[h _d i[YedZWho iY^eebi was placed in the Grade 1 category by j^[ EøY[ \eh IjWdZWhZi _d ;ZkYWj_ed" Children’s Services and Skills. One of the overall criteria for the grading is ‘capacity to change’, and the inspectors commented that at King’s the course leaders were not merely adjusting to change but also helping to bring it about.

TEMPEST PHOTOGRAPHY

GREG FUNNELL

GREG FUNNELL

News in brief

REPORT 18

New Nobel King’s gained its tenth Nobel Prize winner in October 2010 when Mario Vargas Llosa, who is a former member e\ ijWù WdZ >edehWho <[bbem e\ A_d]Êi" was awarded the 2010 Nobel Prize in literature. Vargas Llosa is one of Latin 7c[h_YWÊi ceij i_]d_ÓYWdj del[b_iji WdZ a leading author of his generation, and also a literary critic of great importance.

He ran for the Peruvian presidency in 1990, advocating neoliberal reforms.

He was a Lecturer in Spanish American Literature in the Department of Spanish IfWd_i^#7c[h_YWd IjkZ_[i Wj A_d]Êi¿_d the late 1960s.

Contemporary history A new interdisciplinary Institute for Contemporary History has been formed at King’s, uniting historians with WYWZ[c_Yi _d j^[ Ó[bZi e\ bWm WdZ j^[ social sciences to initiate and develop YebbWXehWj_ed _d W Xkh][ed_d] Ó[bZ e\ h[i[WhY^$ J^[ ?dij_jkj[ _dYbkZ[i j^[ ijWù of the Centre for Contemporary British History in the University of London’s Institute of Historical Research who moved to King’s in August to form the Centre for Contemporary British History at King’s. Amongst its constitutional experts are Robert Blackburn, Professor of Constitutional Law, and Professor Vernon Bogdanor CBE FBA.

9

Katherine Grainger and team-mate Anna Watkins.

Winning students King’s PhD Law student Katherine =hW_d][h C8; med W h[YehZ Ó\j^ world title at the World Rowing Championships in November 2010.

Katherine was Olympic silver medallist in 2000, 2004 and 2008. King’s Law students won the 17th Willem C Vis International Commercial Arbitration Moot in Vienna in April 2010. Shingirirai Chaza, Scheherazade Dubash, Bhavna Gokaldas, Heloise Robinson, Ben Waidhofer and Oliver Coddington beat teams from 252 other universities from 62 countries. King’s second-year BSc Computer Science with Management student Leo Ijebor won the IT and Computer Science Undergraduate of the Year award, organised by leading graduate recruitment website TARGETjobs.co.uk and sponsored by the NHS. MEng student Joseph Sherwood became the Best Mechanical Engineering student at the Science, Engineering & Technology Student of the Year Awards in 2009. Four students from the College’s Financial Mathematics MSc programme – Richard Hardebeck, Simon Kamenkovich, Caio Natividade and Eugene O’Neill – won the Marshall Wace Quant Inter-university Challenge 2009 and landed prestigious internships at leading European hedge fund managers Marshall Wace.

10

GREG FUNNELL

SCIENCE PHOTO LIBRARY

BRENDON O’HAGAN/AFP/GETTY IMAGES)

News in brief

REPORT 18

Scientists study qualities RI VWDUƪVK VOLPH IjWhÓi^ YekbZ ^ebZ j^[ i[Yh[j je d[m treatments for asthma, arthritis, ^Wo \[l[h WdZ ej^[h _dÔWccWjeho conditions, King’s scientists say. Most man-made objects placed in sea water become covered with marine life, but ijWhÓi^ cWdW][ je a[[f j^[_h ikh\WY[i clear, and this non-stick property is particularly interesting to Professor Clive Page and colleagues working to ÓdZ d[m mWoi je jh[Wj _dÔWccWj_ed _d ^kcWdi$ ?dÔWccWjeho YedZ_j_edi Wh[ caused when the immune system spirals out of control in response to an injury or infection, making white blood cells build up and stick to the walls of blood vessels, causing tissue damage.

A treatment based on the slime of spiny ijWhÓi^ ikY^ Wi marthasterias glacialis could coat blood vessels and prevent this from happening. The team has _Z[dj_Ó[Z fhec_i_d] YecfekdZi WdZ is now working on creating their own versions of them in the laboratory.

The Principal with Santander’s Chairman, Emilio Botín.

Celebrating Santander King’s continued to celebrate its partnership with Banco Santander, one of the largest banks in the world, when Santander’s Chairman, Emilio Botín, was guest of honour at a reception at the College in April 2010. Since King’s and Santander signed an agreement in 2008 to set up scholarships and support research and international collaboration in the area of Iberian and Latin American Studies, Santander has provided bursaries for students from Iberia and BWj_d 7c[h_YW ijkZo_d] Wj A_d]Êi1 \kdZi for students studying in Iberia or Latin America as part of a King’s degree, and \eh A_d]Êi ijWù cWa_d] h[i[WhY^ l_i_ji to Brazil, and support for a Research Fellow in Brazilian Studies at the King’s Brazil Institute. Lord Douro, Chairman of King’s College London Council, said how fortunate King’s was to be working with one of the world’s most successful banks WdZ je X[d[Ój \hec j^[_h [db_]^j[d[Z approach to higher education.

Airports pollute: proved Airports have a clear, measurable [ù[Yj ed d_jhe][d YedY[djhWj_edi" W King’s study undertaken during the April 2010 closure of airports showed.

Scientists in the College’s Environmental H[i[WhY^ =hekf c[Wikh[Z j^[ [ù[Yji of the closure of UK airspace on the air quality around major airports, after the Icelandic volcano eruption, and found that the concentrations of NOX (the generic term for oxides of nitrogen combined) and NO2 (nitrogen dioxide) surrounding Gatwick and Heathrow dropped considerably during the period of closure. Such nitrogen pollutants YWd _dYh[Wi[ Xh[Wj^_d] Z_øYkbj_[i _d people with existing sensibilities, cardiac conditions or in older people. Under the impact of sunlight they can transform into the even more damaging pollutant ozone.

Autism diagnosed by brain scan Scientists from the Institute of Psychiatry at King’s have developed a pioneering new method of diagnosing autism in adults. A quick brain scan that takes just 15 minutes can identify adults with autism with over 90 per cent accuracy, and could lead to screening for autism spectrum disorders (ASD) in children in the future. The team used an MRI scanner to take pictures of the brain’s grey matter. A separate imaging technique was then used to reconstruct these scans as 3D images that could be assessed for structure, shape and thickness, allowing scientists to use biological markers, rather than personality traits, to assess whether or not a person has ASD. Until now, diagnosis has mainly relied on personal accounts from friends or relatives close to the patient.

ALFREDO FALVO

WELLCOME TRUST

News in brief

REPORT 18

DNA legacy celebrated King’s role in the discovery of the structure of DNA in 1953 is celebrated in a new window display at the College’s Franklin-Wilkins Building at Waterloo.

The windows tell passers by on busy Stamford Street the story of the crucial contributions to the discovery that were made by Dr Rosalind Franklin (1920-58), and Professor Maurice Wilkins (1916-2004), who was awarded the Nobel Prize in 1962. The revolving doors to the building also carry a linear outline of a DNA helix scaled up over a billion times. The display was unveiled by the Principal at an event in September attended by members of the Franklin and Wilkins families. It was designed

by Ian Chilvers of Atelier Works and sponsored and funded by Ecovert FM to mark the 10th anniversary of its public private partnership with King’s to deliver facilities management in the Franklin-Wilkins Building and in New Hunt’s House at the Guy’s Campus.

Derek Neeve, General Manager at Ecovert FM commented: ‘We are proud of our partnership with King’s and of this gift to the College. It’s rewarding to be part of an initiative that will give a better understanding of DNA to all those who walk through the doors.’

11

REPORT 18

King’s Florence Nightingale School of Nursing & Midwifery marked two important anniversaries in 2010.

CANAL+IMAGE UK

Anna Neagle and Michael Wilding in The Lady with a Lamp (1951).

See ‘Screening the Nurse’, page 15.

12

REPORT 18

CELEBRATING

Nightingale

13

REPORT 18

In 2010 Kingâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s celebrated not only the centenary of Florence Nightingaleâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s death but also the 150th anniversary of her foundation of the Nightingale Training School at St Thomasâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; Hospital: the ZRUOGĹ&#x203A;V ĆŞUVW SURIHVVLRQDO VFKRRO RI QXUVLQJ DQG WKH direct ancestor of the Collegeâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s present Florence Nightingale School of Nursing & Midwifery.

3URIHVVRU $QQH 0DULH 5DĆŠHUW\, Head of WKH 6FKRRO UHĆŤHFWV RQ KRZ 1LJKWLQJDOH JRW KHU message across and the lessons she still has to teach.

T

he world was mesmerised by the heroine of the Crimea not just because of her prodigious gifts, gritty determination, relentless focus on her goal and the determined discipline within which she pursued it, but also because of how she communicated her sense of authority to her audience. Part of Nightingaleâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s great impact in nursing and midwifery arose from her powers as a communicator.

Nightingale was the original spindoctress, deft in crafting her message for GLĆŠHUHQW DXGLHQFHV DQG LQ D PXOWLSOLFLW\ RI GLĆŠHUHQW ZD\V WR SHUVXDGH WKHP RIWHQ RI things they did not want to do or hear. It is typical of her, for instance, that at the age of VKH VKRXOG EHFRPH RQH RI WKH ĆŞUVW SHRSOH to produce a â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;charity recordâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; â&#x20AC;&#x201C; a recording of her voice on Thomas Edisonâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s sound machine â&#x20AC;&#x201C; to support the fund for destitute veterans of the Crimeaâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Charge of the Light Brigade.

Written word In general, however, Nightingale could not rely upon direct speech, and it was in her use of the written word that her skill shone through. The nurses in the School she founded at St Thomasâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; held a special place in her heart, and every year from the early 1870s onwards she wrote a letter to them, UHĆŤHFWLQJ KHU FORVH LQWHUHVW LQ WKH 6FKRRO and her probationers there.

14

Her letters were read aloud to the assembled nurses by her brother-in-law Sir Harry Verney. Here, for example, is Nightingale LQ WKH ĆŞUVW RI WKHP GDWLQJ IURP Spurring her protĂŠgĂŠes on to seek constant improvement she argued: For us who Nurse, our Nursing is a thing, which, unless in it we are making progress every year, every month, every week, take my word for it we are going back. [â&#x20AC;Ś] A woman who thinks in herself â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;Now I am a â&#x20AC;&#x153;fullâ&#x20AC;? Nurse, a â&#x20AC;&#x153;skilledâ&#x20AC;? Nurse, I have learnt all that there is to be learntâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;: take my word for it, she does not know what a Nurse is, and she never will know; she is gone back already.

A second excerpt, dating from 1876, debunks the myth that Nightingale was no nurse. On the contrary, her attention to detail reveals the exquisite empathy that she had with patients (and nurses), and the human touches she used to convey the importance that every gesture or move might have upon the ease and comfort of the patient. Quoting â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;one of the worldâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s highest VWDWHVPHQĹ&#x203A; WR WKH HĆŠHFW WKDW Ĺ&#x161;7KH JUHDWHVW evils in life [â&#x20AC;Ś] have had their rise from something which was thought of too little importance to attend toâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;, she remarked: How we Nurses can echo that ! [â&#x20AC;Ś] Immense, incalculable misery is due to â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;the immoral thoughtlessnessâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; [â&#x20AC;Ś] of

FOYLE SPECIAL COLLECTIONS LIBRARY, KING’S COLLEGE LONDON

REPORT 18

women about little things. This is what our training is to counteract in us. Think nothing too small to be attended to in this way. Think everything too small of personal trouble or sensitiveness to be cared for in another way.

Screening the Nurse Florence Nightingale was just one of the heroic nurses brought to life on screen during a two-day event run by the Imperial War Museum and King’s in February 2010 m^_Y^ ki[Z Óbc je Y[b[XhWj[ WdZ WdWboi[ nurses’ contributions to war. ‘Screening the Nurse: Call to Service’ brought together King’s experts from Nursing & Midwifery, Film Studies and the Institute of Psychiatry, with curators from the Imperial War Museum, guests from other universities and the public, to explore documentary, recruitment and \[Wjkh[ Óbci i^em_d] dkhi[i _d mWh i_jkWj_edi$ These ranged from Nightingale and Mary Seacole in the Crimean War, to Edith Cavell in MehbZ MWh¿?" WdZ ('ij#Y[djkho dkhi_d] _d ?hWg$ Iec[ e\ j^[ Óbci ^WZ d[l[h X[[d iYh[[d[Z to the public before, and a live musical accompaniment provided a soundtrack to j^[ i_b[dj Óbci$

And she goes on to comment on the rustle produced by nurses who wore crinoline SHWWLFRDWV DQG WKH SRWHQWLDO ƪUH KD]DUG posed by such petticoats).

Beeswax and glue Her intense practicality is revealed in her recommendation of the use of beeswax DQG PDULQH JOXH WR UHQGHU KRVSLWDO ƫRRUV impermeable, and the advantages of horsehair mattresses. She constantly LQVSLUHV FRQƪGHQFH LQ KHU DXWKRULW\ WKURXJK the breadth of her concern, the wealth of her information, and through the number and variety of situations she knows, very tangibly, how to improve.

Nightingale also had a great gift for drawing forth drama from data, recognising that every picture tells a story. She was constantly innovative in the way she presented her arguments visually, and is credited with developing a form of pie-chart now known as the polar area diagram.

Nightingale, indeed, used every device at her disposal to persuade, enlist, cajole and seduce her readers. The emotionally reassuring tone of authority is conveyed in

OCTOBER FILMS

Florence Nightingale developed the form of pie-­chart known as the rose diagram or polar area diagram to convey her argument about the causes of mortality in the Crimea.

Angela Bruce in Mary Seacole: The Real Angel of the Crimea (October Films, 2005).

15

REPORT 18

the text by an eagle-like persona who soars WR JUHDW KHLJKWV VFDQQLQJ WKH KRUL]RQ DQG then swoops down to devour the detail, combining an epic vista with epigrammatic observations that convey an intimate acquaintance with every fragment of the subject in hand.

All her writings, in any mode, were also driven by an abiding passion for justice, fairness and empathy for those less fortunate than herself. Fuelling this passion was her anger about the social position of women, especially women of her own class who were condemned to a life of enforced idleness and denied access to the world of work and useful endeavour. Nightingale rebelled DJDLQVW VRFLDO FRQYHQWLRQV WKDW FRQĆŞQHG women, and this is why nursing â&#x20AC;&#x201C; that most useful and honourable of all work â&#x20AC;&#x201C; was so dear to her.

Feminist overtones On this topic she outlined her thoughts in an essay called Cassandra which she wrote just before she left for the Crimea in 1854. The piercing quality of the prose and its feminist overtones could equally have come from the pen of Jane Austen or Virginia Woolf. â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;[S]uppose we were to see a number of men in the morning sitting round a table in the drawing-room, looking at prints, doing worsted work, and reading little books, how we should laughâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;, she wrote.

7KH IDPLO\ >ĹŁ@ LV WRR QDUURZ D ĆŞHOG IRU WKH development of an immortal spirit, be that spirit male or female. The changes are a thousand to one that, in that small sphere, the task for which that immortal spirit is destined by the qualities and the gifts which its Creator has placed within it, will not be found. [â&#x20AC;Ś] Women dream of a great sphere of steady, not sketchy benevolence, of moral activity, for which they would fain EH WUDLQHG DQG ĆŞWWHG LQVWHDG RI ZRUNLQJ LQ the dark, neither knowing nor registering whither their steps lead, whether farther from or nearer to the aim.

Perhaps not surprisingly, this is one aspect of Florence Nightingale that was picked up by WKH ĆŞOP The Lady with a Lamp, which is cast as a romance between Florence (played by Anna Neagle) and Minister of War Sidney Herbert (played by Michael Wilding). :KDW LV QRW ĆŞFWLRQDO DERXW 1LJKWLQJDOH is her indomitable will, her intolerance of injustice and her impatience with authority when it stands in the path of progress. She fought for what she believed in. She took on 16

Nightingale and Wellcome Events including the preview of a new iPhone app, â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;Navigating Nightingaleâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;, marked a twoday celebration of Nightingale organised by Kingâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s and the Wellcome Trust in September 2010. â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;Handle with Care: Next Generation Nightingalesâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; explored the critical roles that science and the senses play in nursing and c_Zm_\[ho" WdZ h[Ă&#x201D;[Yj[Z kfed Y^Wd]_d] fhWYj_Y[ el[h j^[ fWij '+& o[Whi" ki_d] Ă&#x201C;bc" theatre, music, talks and hands-on activities; while an academic symposium explored Nightingaleâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s life from a wide variety of angles including war studies, history of medicine, celebrity and the media, religion, travel and life writing. There were speakers from Kingâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s, the Florence Nightingale Museum and the University of Pennsylvania, as well as Nightingaleâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s biographer, Mark Bostridge. ÂżJ^[ d[m _F^ed[ Wff" Yh[Wj[Z Xo W j[Wc including academics and archivists from Kingâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s, guides users along the banks of the Thames, highlighting Nightingaleâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s pioneering work in sanitation, nursing and hospital reform.

the authorities, challenged the status quo and used every weapon at her disposal in the service of her social mission.

Hospital scandals Nightingale would have been shocked by WKH KRVSLWDO VFDQGDOV RI WKH VW FHQWXU\ MXVW as she was by those of her own time. Had she ZDONHG WKH FRUULGRUV RI 0LG 6WDĆŠRUGVKLUH Hospital she would have spotted the signs within hours of entering the building. She would have seen the chaos, the undersupply RI HTXLSPHQW WKH XQGHUVWDĆŹQJ RI XQLWV WKH LQDGHTXDWH LQYHVWPHQW LQ VWDĆŠ WUDLQLQJ DQG the inappropriate skills mix, mismatched to patient acuity. She would have scrutinised the mortality statistics, looked at the trend data and taken immediate action.

She would have been impatient with the oversight regime provided by external

2010: The Year of the Nurse and Midwife

BRIAN RUSSELL

REPORT 18

Fhe\[iieh HWĂš[hjo ifea[ WXekj D_]^j_d]Wb[ and her communication skills to nurses and midwives of the Guyâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s and St Thomasâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; NHS <ekdZWj_ed Jhkij" WdZ ^kdZh[Zi e\ ej^[h ijWĂš and guests, at the launch of the Trustâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Year of the Nurse and Midwife in January 2010.

The programme for the Year included an interactive education week in June with an exhibition about nursing education, including exam papers, competence assessment books and past curricula.

Students with a scholar from the Florence Nightingale Foundation at the Nightingale Anniversary service in Westminster Abbey.

Nightingale rebelled against social FRQYHQWLRQV WKDW FRQĆŞQHG ZRPHQ DQG WKLV LV ZK\ QXUVLQJ Ĺ&#x2DC; WKDW PRVW XVHIXO DQG KRQRXUDEOH RI DOO ZRUN Ĺ&#x2DC; ZDV VR GHDU WR KHU

Tutu celebrates Nightingale Desmond Tutu, Nobel Peace Laureate, and alumnus and Fellow of Kingâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s, led a service at Westminster Abbey in May 2010 to celebrate Nightingaleâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s life and work.

Addressing a congregation of more than 2,000 nurses, midwives, students and health care professionals, Archbishop Tutu spoke of how Nightingale â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;bucked the Victorian system that expected a life of inactivityâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; from women of her class, and rejected the choice of marriage and childbearing, in order to follow what she considered to be her divine calling to be a nurse and to pioneer the training of nurses.

Praising the work of nurses at home and WXheWZ WdZ _d fbWY[i e\ YedĂ&#x201D;_Yj WdZ fel[hjo" the Archbishop called them â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;the splendid daughters and sons of this remarkable womanâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;.

BRIAN RUSSELL

authorities. She would have insisted that every organisation had an early warning system which was simple to use and demonstrated when standards were deteriorating. She would have driven through change and not drowned in bureaucratic detail and a morass of metrics.

She would have provided leadership to VWDĆŠ LQVWLOOLQJ LQ WKHP D VWURQJ VHQVH RI personal responsibility and professionalism.

She would have reminded them of the importance of â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;characterâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; as the basis of exercising authority and responsibility in their role. She would have drawn on her sense of moral outrage, courage and her ability to marshal evidence, and she would have put the managerial muscle to work and launched into action.

Nightingale was from a privileged background, and she undoubtedly drew VHOI FRQĆŞGHQFH DQG DVVXUDQFH IURP EHLQJ a member of the elite. But we need to instil WKDW VDPH VHOI FRQĆŞGHQFH LQ RXU VWDĆŠ DQG students to stand up for standards, to nurture their capability to articulate care through education, and to develop their leadership skills and capabilities. We need Nightingales IRU WKH VW FHQWXU\ ZKR FDQ SURYLGH WKH PRUDO DQG VFLHQWLĆŞF OHDGHUVKLS QHFHVVDU\ to be advocates for patients, using the best HYLGHQFH WR GHOLYHU HĆŠHFWLYH VDIH DQG compassionate care. Nightingale was an icon in her own day and is still an icon for us now.

Archbishop Tutu with Kingâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s nursing students wearing uniforms designed by students from London College of Fashion.

17

DR MORLEY READ/SCIENCE PHOTO LIBRARY

REPORT 18

Cloud forest near Mindo, Ecuador, on the western slopes of the Andes. Cloud forest is a type of rainforest at the same altitude as the normal cloud level.

18

REPORT 18

CO$TING

QDWXUH

King’s geographers are exploring how we might ‘see’ the benefits provided to humanity by natural areas.

19

REPORT 18

H

umans have protected natural areas for millennia â&#x20AC;&#x201C; for cultural or spiritual reasons, for example, or for hunting â&#x20AC;&#x201C; although it was only in the 19th century that the concept of national parks began to be developed. These protected areas often have an obvious value to human populations living near them and for the landscapes and species they preserve, but it is only recently that people have become interested in the hard economic value of the so-called â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;ecosystem servicesâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; provided to humanity â&#x20AC;&#x201C; for free â&#x20AC;&#x201C; by such areas.

These services include the provision of clean, reliable water for downstream populations; the regulation of the global climate system for all, and the supporting services (such as soil formation), which underpin these provisioning and regulating services. These are critical to the sustainability of our largely urbanised

society, but they are becoming invisible to individuals who are increasingly disconnected from the production sites of the goods and services essential to life, such DV IRRG ĆŞEUH ZDWHU HQHUJ\ DQG DQ amenable climate.

Now a series of initiatives devised by Dr Mark Mulligan, Reader in Physical Geography

at Kingâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s, aims to better understand and quantify the importance of the global protected areas system in sustaining humankind, and to share this knowledge with public and policy audiences through easily-accessible online tools.

ARTWORK BY DAVID C PEARSON

RALUCIAPA

Armchair volunteers Healthy Planet (www.healthyplanet.org) is a charity that empowers individuals and organisations to help monitor, map and sponsor conservation projects in protected areas throughout the world. The concept arose from discussions between Dr Mulligan and social entrepreneur Shaylesh Patel.

Healthy Planetâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Land Guardian project is supporting protected areas by connecting existing conservation projects in those areas with individuals and organisations who wish to fhel_Z[ Ă&#x201C;dWdY_Wb ifediehi^_f eh ZedWj[ j^[_h time to monitor and map the parks online.

They use RALUCIAPA and other tools from j^[ Yec\ehj e\ j^[_h emd WhcY^W_h eh eøY[ desk) â&#x20AC;&#x201C; through so-called â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;citizen scienceâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;, â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;crowdsourcingâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; or â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;armchair volunteeringâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; â&#x20AC;&#x201C; to validate the computational image analyses.

20

The exponential growth in protected DUHDV VLQFH LV WHVWDPHQW WR WKHLU importance for people and nature, and WKH HĆŠRUWV RI FRQVHUYDWLRQLVWV ZRUOGZLGH Not all protected areas are, however, really protected. RALUCIAPA (Rapid Assessment of Land Use Change in and Around Protected Areas) was developed DQG ODXQFKHG LQ E\ 'U 0XOOLJDQ with the United Nations Environment Programme World Conservation 0RQLWRULQJ &HQWUH RI ZKLFK 'U 0XOOLJDQ is Senior Fellow. Accessed through www. unep-­wcmc.org/protected_areas/raluciapa , LW FRPELQHV WKH :RUOG 'DWDEDVH RQ Protected Areas with satellite-derived analyses of areas undergoing tree cover loss (deforestation) in a highly visual way, using web-based mapping technology including Google Earth, Google Maps and Bing Maps (so-called â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;Neo-Geoâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; tools). Its main purpose is to help monitor WKUHDWHQHG RU LQHĆŠHFWLYH SURWHFWHG DUHDV A current project with the International Centre for Tropical Agriculture, the Nature Conservancy and others is working towards monthly updates of deforestation in and around protected areas across the tropics, using computational â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;neural-networkâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; techniques to analyse new satellite imagery as it comes in. â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;In reality, some of these areas are little PRUH WKDQ Ĺ?SDSHU SDUNVĹ&#x17E;Ĺ&#x203A; 'U 0XOOLJDQ explains. â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;They may have little funding or monitoring capacity to identify and mitigate threats to conservation, or may provide LQVXĆŹFLHQW VXSSRUW RU DOWHUQDWLYHV IRU ORFDO FRPPXQLWLHVĹ&#x203A; QHHGV ZKHUH WKH\ FRQĆŤLFW with conservation objectives. Pan-tropical assessments like RALUCIAPA are therefore important in helping to highlight parks under imminent threat, so that priorities can be better set and development, livelihood DQG FRQVHUYDWLRQ HĆŠRUWV FDQ EH IRFXVHG accordingly. If we cannot manage all

REPORT 18

Website showing the UK population that is reliant on water produced by protected areas (shown in terms of people per square kilometre).

:[Ă&#x201C;d_d] Ă&#x2030;fhej[Yj[ZĂ&#x160; The International Union for Conservation of DWjkh[ Z[Ă&#x201C;d[i W fhej[Yj[Z Wh[W Wi Ă&#x2030;7 Yb[Whbo Z[Ă&#x201C;d[Z ][e]hWf^_YWb ifWY[" h[Ye]d_i[Z" dedicated and managed, through legal or ej^[h [Ăš[Yj_l[ c[Wdi" je WY^_[l[ j^[ bed]# term conservation of nature with associated ecosystem services and cultural valueâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;.

J^[ mehbZĂ&#x160;i Ă&#x201C;hij dWj_edWb fWha mWi j^[ USAâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Yellowstone, designated in 1872.

By October 2009 there were 132,628 designated protected areas in the World Database of Protected Areas, representing some 12 per cent of the terrestrial surface (but only 0.5 per cent of deep oceans).

Moreover, not all protected areas are ZWjWXWi[Z" ie j^_i Ă&#x201C;]kh[ cWo X[ Wd underestimate.

SURWHFWHG DUHDV HĆŠHFWLYHO\ ZH QHHG WR EH DEOH to react and adapt to changing circumstances in and around particular parks.â&#x20AC;&#x2122;

Valuing ecosystem services Expanding human populations, degrading land and increasing consumption create FRQĆŤLFWV EHWZHHQ WKH 0LOOHQQLXP 'HYHORSPHQW *RDOV RI Ĺ&#x161;HQYLURQPHQWDO sustainabilityâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; and â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;ending poverty and KXQJHUĹ&#x203A; 7KHVH FRQĆŤLFWV FDQ EH PRVW severe at the boundaries of protected areas.

Ensuring that protected areas really are protected involves valuing (and paying for) the goods and services they provide to humanity as protected areas: on a par with the valuation and payment for goods

and services provided when the trees are converted to timber or the forests to crops.

Co$ting Nature is a science-based policy support tool for better understanding the value of water, carbon and tourism-related services from the worldâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s protected areas. â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;For example, it enables us to assess the SURSRUWLRQ RI D FLW\Ĺ&#x203A;V ZDWHU WKDW ZDV ĆŞOWHUHG through an upstream protected area, and WKH LQĆŤXHQFH RI WKDW ĆŞOWHULQJ RQ GLOXWLQJ agricultural and other contaminants and thus improving water quality for the cityâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s SRSXODWLRQĹ&#x203A; 'U 0XOOLJDQ H[SODLQV Ĺ&#x161;7KH protected area is therefore shown to be providing a service that would otherwise have to be provided by costly intensive water treatment or water transfer. â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;Co$ting Nature also allows us to estimate the carbon stored in protected areas and the atmospheric carbon dioxide sequestered by them annually: processes ZKLFK FRQWULEXWH WR EXĆŠHULQJ DJDLQVW climate change. Since carbon is now a commodity, this service now also has an economic value.â&#x20AC;&#x2122; Co$ting Nature combines satellite-derived datasets on carbon uptake, rainfall, terrain and urban extents, with so-called Geographic Information System data on human populations, protected areas and carbon stocks. These data are coupled with process models connecting areas providing services with those populations receiving them. Co$ting Nature is presented as a series of interactive â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;neo-geoâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; maps and is widely used by conservation and development organisations in better understanding the ecosystem service values of existing and proposed protected areas and the implications of their loss.

21

CO$TING NATURE

REPORT 18

This Co$ting Nature map shows the â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;realisable water valueâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; (ie the direct value of water for human use) provided by protected areas (in millions of US$, per park, per year). Protected areas in regions where water is scarce with i_]d_Ă&#x201C;YWdj fefkbWj_edi living downstream (for example East Africa, parts of South Asia and Europe) provide the greatest value. Cholistan Park, upstream of Karachi, Pakistan, is estimated to provide $100 million per year in water-­based services to a downstream population of 18 million people.

â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;Less than one per cent of all the Earthâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s water is available for human use, and one SHUVRQ LQ ĆŞYH QRZ ODFNV VDIH GULQNLQJ ZDWHUĹ&#x203A; 'U 0XOOLJDQ SRLQWV RXW Ĺ&#x161;2YHU WKH next two decades our water use is estimated to increase by about 40 per cent, more than half of which will be required to grow enough food.â&#x20AC;&#x2122; Water from protected areas is often purer and better regulated than water that comes from agricultural land or urban surfaces, which will tend to have higher inputs of pesticides, herbicides, fertilisers and other â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;non-point sourceâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; pollutants. Where ecosystem disturbance occurs without good land management, soil erosion and sediment transport can occur, contaminating waters, degrading infrastructure (such as dams) and changing the course of rivers. â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;Our increasing demand for clean water is a good example of why we need to maintain an appropriate balance between protected areas and agriculture LQ WKH ODQGVFDSHĹ&#x203A; 'U 0XOOLJDQ DGGV Ĺ&#x161;3URWHFWHG DUHDV ZKLFK ĆŞOWHU D ORW RI ZDWHU and are also upstream of dense populations or large dams are particularly valuable.â&#x20AC;&#x2122;

Sharing the benefits With scholarship funding from Kingâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s DQG *RRJOH RUJ 'U 0XOOLJDQ DQG KLV 3K' students have recently mapped more than 36,000 of the worldâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s large dams: which represent points in the landscape at which water is realised as a â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;serviceâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; (for hydropower, irrigation or urban 22

water supply). More than a third of the tropical land surface drains into a dam.

A number of conservation, development and governmental organisations are now working towards the development of PHFKDQLVPV WR WUDQVIHU VRPH RI WKH EHQHĆŞWV provided by protected areas and other wellPDQDJHG ODQGVFDSHV IURP WKH EHQHĆŞFLDULHV receiving water (such as dam operators) to the â&#x20AC;&#x201C; often poor â&#x20AC;&#x201C; farmers who would then manage the landscapes to supply those services (rather than managing them as poor quality agricultural land). These â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;Payments for Ecosystem Servicesâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; (PES) schemes are seen as a mechanism not only for achieving WKH 0LOOHQQLXP 'HYHORSPHQW *RDOV relating to environmental sustainability and ending poverty and hunger, but also as a means of tackling the â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;market failureâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; which makes even protected forests more economically valuable felled than standing, because we pay money for timber but not for ecosystem services. â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;PES schemes are an important part of the major programme on Ecosystem Services for Poverty Alleviation, funded E\ WKH 8. 'HSDUWPHQW IRU ,QWHUQDWLRQDO 'HYHORSPHQW DQG WKH 1DWXUDO (QYLURQPHQW Research Council, to which Kingâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s has FRQWULEXWHGĹ&#x203A; 'U 0XOOLJDQ VD\V Ĺ&#x161;7KH\ DUH also the current focus of our Challenge Programme on Water and Food in the Andes (see www.waterandfood.org). â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;Understanding which landscapes provide what service to whom helps policymakers to focus resources on the protection

Ĺ&#x161;2YHU WKH QH[W WZR GHFDGHV RXU ZDWHU XVH LV HVWLPDWHG WR LQFUHDVH E\ DERXW SHU FHQW PRUH WKDQ KDOI RI ZKLFK ZLOO EH UHTXLUHG WR JURZ HQRXJK IRRG Ĺ&#x203A; of these landscapes. It enables the setting up RI PHFKDQLVPV WR EHWWHU VKDUH WKH EHQHĆŞWV of ecosystem services to help support the livelihoods of communities who manage the ODQGVFDSHV WKDW SURYLGH WKHPĹ&#x203A; 'U 0XOOLJDQ explains. â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;There are working precedents for such schemes in the Costa Rican National PES programme; Socio-Bosque (Ecuador); the water funds for Quito, Bogota, and other Andean cities, and in the â&#x20AC;&#x153;Reducing (PLVVLRQV IURP 'HIRUHVWDWLRQ DQG /DQG 'HJUDGDWLRQĹ&#x17E; PHFKDQLVP

Informing policy â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;Biodiversity is valuable in its own right, since we do not know what goods and services it will provide us in future beyond the services it provides now. Under this â&#x20AC;&#x153;precautionary principleâ&#x20AC;?, signatories to the &RQYHQWLRQ RQ %LRORJLFDO 'LYHUVLW\ &%'

are committed to making an inventory of WKHLU ELRGLYHUVLW\ DV D ĆŞUVW VWHS WRZDUGV halting its decline. This is not an easy task for many mega-diverse but poorlyH[SORUHG WURSLFDO FRXQWULHVĹ&#x203A; 'U 0XOOLJDQ says. â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;Fortunately there are correlations between the diversity of landscapes and climates (so-called geodiversity) which we can measure regionally through satellite remote sensing, and the diversity of species WKDW LV VR GLĆŹFXOW WR DVVHVV DW UHJLRQDO VFDOHV The kinds of â&#x20AC;&#x153;neo-geoâ&#x20AC;? tools outlined here are being applied to better understanding the distribution of biodiversity and threats to it to prioritise inventory missions (including for the threatened wild relatives of our most important crops).â&#x20AC;&#x2122; Along the ZD\ 'U 0XOOLJDQĹ&#x203A;V UHVHDUFK JURXS DQG colleagues have found many new species in the lowland and montane cloud forests of South America over recent years, including species of trees, birds and frogs that are new to science.

LV WKH ,QWHUQDWLRQDO <HDU RI Biodiversity, and should have been the year by which the 193 countries that signed WKH &%' LQ KDG DFKLHYHG WKH Ĺ&#x161; WDUJHWĹ&#x203A;Ĺ&#x2DC; D VLJQLĆŞFDQW UHGXFWLRQ LQ WKH ORVV RI their biodiversity. â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;This has not happenedâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;,

GREGORY DIMIJIAN/SCIENCE PHOTO LIBRARY

REPORT 18

The northern glass frog >oWb_deXWjhWY^_kc Ă&#x201D;[_i^cWdd_ . Glass frogs are named for their translucent skin that reveals the internal organs.

Glass frogs Protected areas are the last refuge of much of the worldâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s biodiversity.

Though it is not as easy to put a value on biodiversity itself as it is to value water and now carbon, it is evident that maintaining a diversity of life is inherently important, and that high levels of biodiversity tend to occur in j^[ iWc[ fbWY[i j^Wj fhel_Z[ i_]d_Ă&#x201C;YWdj [Yeioij[c i[hl_Y[i$ J^[ fb_]^j of the panda and the mountain gorilla is well-known, but less visible (and less furry) creatures are often overlooked in conservation prioritisation.

Diego F Cisneros-Heredia, a masterâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s student supervised by Dr Mulligan, recently completed a dissertation study of glass frogs (Centrolenidae) in and around the protected areas of Ecuador. Glass frogs are two to three centimetres long and are carnivores, usually eating insects and other small animals. During his study Cisneros-Heredia found seven new species. However the future of these frogs is uncertain because of habitat loss and climate change, and already about half of these species are threatened by extinction. Fortunately, the study also shows that the Ecuadorian system of protected areas plays an important Yedi[hlWj_ed heb[ Ă&#x2026; [Ăš[Yj_l[bo fhej[Yj_d] ^WX_jWji \hec Z[\eh[ijWj_ed WdZ also mitigating the impacts of climate change upon them.

'U 0XOOLJDQ FRPPHQWV Ĺ&#x161;'HVSLWH VRPH positive responses, such as the designation of more protected areas, the rate of natural habitat and biodiversity loss does not appear WR EH VORZLQJ $V ZH ZULWH VLJQLĆŞFDQW QHZ WDUJHWV IRU DUH EHLQJ DJUHHG LQ Nagoya, Japan, including recognition of the economic value of nature and the setting up of a biodiversity equivalent to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change â&#x20AC;&#x201C; the â&#x20AC;&#x153;International Science Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Servicesâ&#x20AC;?. Weâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;ll be hearing much more about biodiversity and ecosystem services in the next decade, and we can only hope that the new focus on valuing the role of ecosystem services in development and economic prosperity will be good news for biodiversity â&#x20AC;&#x201C; and the ecosystem services upon which we all depend.â&#x20AC;&#x2122; 23

REPORT 18

GREG FUNNELL

A major new performance space for the College opened in spring 2010 in the Anatomy Theatre & Museum at the Strand Campus. Built in 1927 to teach medical students, this atmospheric set of linked spaces has been renovated and adapted to provide a 120-­seat lecture theatre and performance space (pictured), with a ‘green room’ and kitchen, as a state-­of-­the-­art facility for performance and e-­research across the College and beyond.

See www.anatomytheatreandmuseum.kcl.ac.uk

24

REPORT 18

HIGH PERFORMANCE

\HDU

Performance and public engagement have put Kingâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s in the spotlight this year.

25

Dr Mark Miodownik speaking at the Cheltenham Festival.

Kingâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s academics have performed this year at several festivals and on television, while Kingâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s students have starred in the &KDSHO &KRLUĹ&#x203A;V WRXU RI WKH 86$, in the *UHHN SOD\ and at the (GLQEXUJK )ULQJH )HVWLYDO Other academics have been studying DUWLVWLF SHUIRUPDQFH â&#x20AC;&#x201C; both historical and contemporary â&#x20AC;&#x201C; and going commercial with SHUIRUPDQFH JDPHV that explore serious scenarios.

Meanwhile, researchers at the Institute of Psychiatry have helped to create an opera ZKLFK H[SORUHV GHPHQWLD the latest opera by *HRUJH %HQMDPLQ Henry Purcell Professor of Composition at Kingâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s, has been JLYHQ LWV ĆŞUVW SHUIRUPDQFH DW WKH 5R\DO 2SHUD House, Covent Garden, Kingâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Arts & +XPDQLWLHV DOXPQL gave a concert in the Cadogan Hall.

26

DAVID TETT

REPORT 18

Festival time Kingâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s academics have made a splash at the Cheltenham Festivals for several years running, and the Collegeâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s star speakers LQ DGGUHVVHG VXEMHFWV UDQJLQJ from government cuts (the Principal) to FKRFRODWH 'U 0DUN 0LRGRZQLN +HDG RI the Materials Research Group at Kingâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s), DQG IURP SDUDQRLD 'U 'DQLHO )UHHPDQ RI WKH ,QVWLWXWH RI 3V\FKLDWU\ WR 'XNH (OOLQJWRQ 'U +DUYH\ * &RKHQ IURP WKH Centre for Culture, Media and Creative Industries at Kingâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s). At the Literature )HVWLYDO LQ 2FWREHU 3URIHVVRU 7UDLQRU warned against government cuts to arts and humanities during a panel debate chaired

by Sky News Political Editor and College Council member Adam Boulton, pointing out that large-scale cuts would have serious economic repercussions for the UK. )RU WKH ĆŞUVW WLPH .LQJĹ&#x203A;V ZDV WKH academic partner for all four of this yearâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Festivals â&#x20AC;&#x201C; Music, Literature, -D]] DQG 6FLHQFH Ĺ&#x2DC; HQDEOLQJ WKH &ROOHJH to join Cheltenham at the forefront of contemporary British culture in attracting performers from across the world, drawing audiences of over 150,000 and generating extensive media coverage.

Another regular feature of the Collegeâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s public calendar is its own annual Arts & Humanities Week. Each year in October the School of Arts & Humanities throws open its doors to the public for seven days RI OHFWXUHV ĆŞOP VFUHHQLQJV H[KLELWLRQV workshops, panel discussions and musical performances. These involve both highSURĆŞOH RXWVLGH VSHDNHUV VXFK DV LQ %RRNHU 3UL]H ZLQQHU +LODU\ 0DQWHO DQG former Poet Laureate Andrew Motion) and home-grown Kingâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s stars such as Richard 'UD\WRQ ZKR LQ EHFDPH WKH VL[WK incumbent of the Rhodes Professorship of Imperial History at Kingâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s (the secondoldest chair in this subject in the world). ,Q KLV LQDXJXUDO OHFWXUH 3URIHVVRU 'UD\WRQ discussed myths of empire and asked how a post-patriotic imperial history can contribute both to a reinvention of history as a discipline and to the cultivation of a transnational civil society.

BBC SIMON TOTT

Dr Stephen Baxter being Ă&#x201C;bc[Z _d j^[ CWk]^Wd Libraryâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Round Reading Room.

Kingâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s has one of the UKâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s leading university choirs, consisting of 28 choral scholars and two organ scholars under the direction of David Trendell. The Choirâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s principal role is singing at services in the College Chapel during term time, and it has a wide repertoire ranging from music of the 14th century to that of the present day. It has made many celebrated recordings of 16th-century English and Spanish music, including most recently a disc of music by Philippe Rogier for Hyperion (see http://www.kcl.ac.uk/about/structure/ dean/choir/recordings.html), and regularly broadcasts on BBC Radio 3 Choral Evensong.

In September 2009 the Choir toured the East Coast of the USA, giving nine performances which included singing evensong in the National Cathedral in Washington DC, and in summer 2010 it performed at the International Choir Festival in St Petersburg and at summer festivals in France.

Mediaeval goes televisual Several television programmes featured .LQJĹ&#x203A;V PHGLDHYDOLVWV LQ ,Q $XJXVW 'U 6WHSKHQ %D[WHU 5HDGHU LQ 0HGLHYDO History, was the presenter and writer of D %%& GRFXPHQWDU\ DERXW :LOOLDP WKH &RQTXHURUĹ&#x203A;V 'RPHVGD\ %RRN EURDGFDVW to coincide with the launch of a new database, PASE Domesday, assembled by a team from the University of Cambridge, .LQJĹ&#x203A;V +LVWRU\ 'HSDUWPHQW DQG WKH &HQWUH for Computing in the Humanities to help answer crucial questions about the structure RI ODQGHG VRFLHW\ LQ ,Q $SULO 'DYLG Carpenter, Professor of Mediaeval History, was featured in a Channel 4 Time Team programme on Westminster Abbey, and in August he could be seen on BBC 4 in Dan Snowâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Norman Walks, explaining why William chose Pevensey Bay as the place to begin his conquest of England. In October, Professor Carpenter contributed to the story of the Leicestershire village of Kibworth, presented on Michael Woodâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Story of England (BBC4). He explained how politically radicalised the area was in WKH V DQG GHVFULEHG KLV GLVFRYHU\ RI WKH extraordinary case of a peasant, Wodard, ZKR OHG Db SURFHVVLRQ RI .LEZRUWKLDQV WR celebrate Simon de Montfortâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s victory at the battle of Lewes, killing a rival villager who tried to keep them out of a local church.

The College recognises the importance of public engagement in line with its mission of working in the service of society, and is developing a Department of Public Engagement to promote its activities in this area.

27

REPORT 18

Sir Israel Gollancz.

Studying performance 2: Monumental Shakespeares

Š DEVONSHIRE COLLECTION, CHATSWORTH. REPRODUCED BY PERMISSION OF CHATSWORTH SETTLEMENT TRUSTEES.

The staging of some of the most important work of the 17th-century artist and architect Inigo Jones at Somerset House, next door to Kingâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s campus in the Strand, is the subject of a major study by Alan Read, Professor RI 7KHDWUH LQ WKH 'HSDUWPHQW RI (QJOLVK Professor Readâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s project Engineering Spectacle has been awarded a three-year Leverhulme major research fellowship. â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;Inigo Jonesâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s legacy in 17th-century architecture, urban planning and theatre spectacle is unparalleled in its range and combination of engineering and artistic practicesâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;, Professor Read explains. â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;As Surveyor to the Kingâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Works for James I and then Charles I, from 1615 to 1635, Jones forged a genuinely innovative role for theatre and the staging of SROLWLFDO VSHFWDFOH DW WKH ĆŞUVW 6RPHUVHW ODWHU 'HQPDUN +RXVH Ĺ&#x203A;

KINGâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;S COLLEGE LONDON ARCHIVES

Studying performance 1: Engineering Spectacle

Design for a garden and â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;Princely Villaâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; at Somerset (then Denmark) House,

by Inigo Jones.

Jones was the architect of a new chapel, river stairs and Strand frontage for 'HQPDUN +RXVH Ĺ&#x2DC; DOO VZHSW DZD\ E\ William Chambersâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; designs for the current Somerset House in 1775. He also designed and produced important temporary theatre structures, including the â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;Lardge 7KHDWUHĹ&#x203A; WKH Ĺ&#x161;'DQFLQJ %DUQĹ&#x203A; DQG YHQXHV IRU peripatetic pastoral masque in and around the building. Professor Readâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s studies, including interpretations of the original drawings and plans that survive, will enable Kingâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s to embody some of Inigo Jonesâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s innovative ideas of the relationship between politics and spectacle in new performance spaces to be constructed or renovated across the Collegeâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s campuses. See www.kcl.ac.uk/ schools/humanities/depts/english/news/jan01. html

28

A surprising feature of that grimmest of World War I years â&#x20AC;&#x201C; 1916 â&#x20AC;&#x201C; was that the Allies found time to celebrate the 300th anniversary of Shakespeareâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s death.

These Tercentenary celebrations will be the focus of an investigation by Professor Gordon McMullan of Kingâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s and Associate Professor Philip Mead of the University of Western Australia, who have received an Australian Research Council grant for a project called Monumental Shakespeares.

In Australia Shakespeareâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s 300th anniversary was widely celebrated despite Australiaâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s involvement in the Gallipoli campaign which ended in 1916, and in %ULWDLQ .LQJĹ&#x203A;V 3URIHVVRU 6LU ,VUDHO *ROODQF] IRXQGLQJ PHPEHU DQG ĆŞUVW 6HFUHWDU\ RI WKH British Academy and one of the founders the Shakespeare Memorial Theatre in Stratford) was the driving force behind the Tercentenary. â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;Weâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;ll be running two conferences on Shakespeare and cultural memoryâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;, Professor McMullan says, â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;and comparing the ways in which Britain and Australia negotiated simultaneous events: the Shakespeare Tercentenary and the Somme, for the UK, and Gallipoli, for Australia. In both countries, plans ZHUH SURSRVHG IRU GLĆŠHUHQW IRUPV RI commemoration â&#x20AC;&#x201C; statues, libraries, theatres â&#x20AC;&#x201C; and arguments raged. If a theatre were to be built, should it be a modern, state-of-the-art building or a reconstructed (OL]DEHWKDQ WKHDWUH" ,Q WKH HQG 6\GQH\ created a Shakespeare statue and added a Shakespeare room to the State Library, while in London the arguments resulted (after decades of delay) in the creation of the National Theatre and, arguably, still further down the line, of the reconstructed Globe Theatre in London: two contemporary performance venues that would not have existed had it not been for those 1916 celebrations initiated at Kingâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s.â&#x20AC;&#x2122;

REPORT 18

SCIENCE MUSEUM/SSPL

Studying performance 4: Sounds Queer Ĺ&#x161;4XHHU LV E\ GHĆŞQLWLRQ ZKDWHYHU LV DW odds with the normal, the legitimate, the GRPLQDQWĹ&#x203A; ZURWH WKHRULVW 'DYLG +DOSHULQ Sound, in all its manifestations, has proven to be a central component of queer politics, theory and cultural production. Recent work across academic disciplines has begun to explore the ways in which the production, composition and performance of a wide range of sounds â&#x20AC;&#x201C; from music, to noise, to speech â&#x20AC;&#x201C; has been informed, shaped and employed by queer practitioners. From the GUDJ EDOOV RI V +DUOHP WR WKH LQWHU ZDU â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;amusement cabaretâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; of Weimar and on through to contemporary punk movements like Queercore, sound has been used as a key means of queer world-making with a complex history of resisting, subverting, accommodating and establishing alternatives to dominant heterosexual norms.

Early example of a gramophone,

by Emile Berliner (1851-­1929).

The traditional musicological approach is to see music as a written text that is reproduced in performance. But a lot of music does not exist as a written text, and circulates purely in the form of recordings. Even when there is a text, performers play an essential role in creating the experience that, for most people, is the music.

The Centre for the History and Analysis of Recorded Music (CHARM) was established LQ ZLWK D JUDQW RI QHDUO\ e PLOOLRQ from the Arts and Humanities Research Council as a partnership between Royal Holloway University of London, Kingâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s DQG WKH XQLYHUVLWLHV RI 6KHĆŹHOG DQG Oxford, to promote the study of music as performance through a focus on recordings.

CHARMâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s outputs include a major online discography, an online library of early recorded performances, books, articles, and newsletters. $W .LQJĹ&#x203A;V 'DQLHO /HHFK :LONLQVRQ DQG Renee Timmers researched expressivity in Schubert song performance; Francis Knights with the Centre for Computing in the Humanities implemented the CHARM discography; Andrew Hallifax transferred nearly 3000 78 rpm recordings for the &+$50 VRXQG ĆŞOH VHDUFK DQG 'DQLHO Leech-Wilkinson wrote an eBook on studying performance from recordings. All are accessible through www.charm.kcl.ac.uk/ index.html

Now the CHARM researchers have won D IXUWKHU ĆŞYH \HDUVĹ&#x203A; IXQGLQJ DV WKH $+5& Research Centre for Musical Performance as Creative Practice (CMPCP). They will be focusing on the musicological study of live performance.

Benny Nemerofsky Ramsayâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s and Aleesa Coheneâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s video The Same Problem (2009) was screened at the Sounds Queer conference at Kingâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s in June 2010.

BENNY NEMEROFSKY

Studying performance 3: the CHARM of performance

A one-day conference at Kingâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s on 4 -XQH Sounds Queer, organised by Ryan 3RZHOO RI WKH 'HSDUWPHQW RI )LOP 6WXGLHV ZLWK 'U 5REHUW 0LOOV RI WKH 'HSDUWPHQW RI English, brought together a combination of academic scholarship across disciplines and live sound performance with the aim of exploring queer sound within the multiple categories it informs and is informed by: aesthetic, social, political, theoretical and historical.

Sounds Queer was part of the Queer@Kingâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s VHULHV IRU 4XHHU#.LQJĹ&#x203A;V LV DQ interdepartmental and interdisciplinary research group in the School of Humanities, ZKLFK VLQFH KDV EHHQ RUJDQLVLQJ regular research seminars, public lectures, symposia, readings, performances and class visits on queer topics. In the Kingâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Awards IRU 'U 5REHUW 0LOOV UHFHLYHG WKH award for Excellence & innovation in the DUWV IRU 4XHHU#.LQJĹ&#x203A;V

29

REPORT 18

The eruption of the Icelandic volcano Eyjafjallajokull in March and April 2010 is the kind of event that Simulstrat â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;gamingâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; allows governments, organisations and companies to prepare for.

JOHN BEATTY / SCIENCE PHOTO LIBRARY

Performing a simulated version of a potential SODQ RU EXVLQHVV VWUDWHJ\ LV D KLJKO\ HĆŠHFWLYH way for governments and organisations to test and validate their assumptions before they put them into practice. Such scenario simulations are commonly known as â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;wargamingâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;, and now Simulstrat, built on expertise in the methodology of wargaming developed in the War Studies Group at Kingâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s, has been acquired by the business DGYLVRU\ ĆŞUP 'HORLWWH Sir Lawrence Freedman, Professor of War Studies and Vice Principal of Kingâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s, one of the founders, explained: â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;A wargame or simulation simulates future factors â&#x20AC;&#x201C; such as political, economic, social technological, legal and regulatory â&#x20AC;&#x201C; that will impact a business and its operating environment.

This forces participants to interact with external factors (represented by experts) and enables them to test the robustness of their assumptions and see the consequences of their decisions in a â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;safeâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; environment.

Simulstratâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s business wargames enable organisations and governments to model problems, explore solutions and develop strategies, resilience and training.â&#x20AC;&#x2122;

Simulstrat was developed commercially under the guidance of Kingâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Business, which is responsible for driving innovation within Kingâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s College London. A subsidiary of the College, the company develops new opportunities for engagement with business and the public sector across the whole range of academic disciplines. Kingâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Business works with academics to deliver research collaborations, exchange knowhow, promote consultancy services, license new technologies and create new business ventures. See www.kcl.ac.uk/business

30

ALASTAIR MUIR

Wargaming goes commercial

Dave Hill as Mr D in The Opera Groupâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s production of The Lionâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Face, 2010.

The Lionâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Face Writer John Bayley described his wife Iris Murdoch as having a face of â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;leonine LPSDVVLYLW\Ĺ&#x203A; ZKHQ VKH ZDV VXĆŠHULQJ IURP $O]KHLPHUĹ&#x203A;V GLVHDVH 7KLV WKRXJKW SURYLGHG the title for The Opera Groupâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s work about $O]KHLPHUĹ&#x203A;V The Lionâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Face, written by poet Glyn Maxwell and composer Elena Langer after extensive research and collaboration with Simon Lovestone, Professor of Old Age Psychiatry, and his team at the Institute of Psychiatry at Kingâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s. The opera was performed at Covent Garden and on QDWLRQDO WRXU IURP -XO\ DQG UHFHLYHG huge coverage in the media. â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;The Opera Group team spent time in our laboratories and with our students and scientists, nurses, psychologists and occupational therapists, and talked to people with dementia and their familiesâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;, Professor Lovestone explains. â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;From this emerged a story with some representations of dementia that are so true that they might be used as WHDFKLQJ DLGV DQG WKDW UHĆŤHFW EDFN WR XV DV clinicians and scientists aspects we might not have thought about otherwise. This use of poetry and music will energise me and my colleagues in our battle with this devastating disease.â&#x20AC;&#x2122; The Opera Group also worked with RUJDQLVDWLRQV LQFOXGLQJ WKH $O]KHLPHUĹ&#x203A;V 6RFLHW\ DQG $O]KHLPHUĹ&#x203A;V 5HVHDUFK 7UXVW Network to create talks, workshops and events connected to the operaâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s performances around the country. The project was supported by a Major Arts Award from The Wellcome Trust.

Kingâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s is continuing to work with The Opera Group. Katherine Bond, Head of Arts 6RFLHW\ %XVLQHVV 'HYHORSPHQW DW .LQJĹ&#x203A;V Business, said â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;The Group is discussing the development of future productions with a range of academics across the College, and we are planning a three-year residency for WKH FRPSDQ\ ZLWKLQ WKH 0XVLF 'HSDUWPHQW WR VWDUW LQ Ĺ&#x203A;

ROBERT MILLARD

REPORT 18

George Benjamin conducting at the 2010 Ojai Music Festival, Libbey Park Bowl, California.

SAM DOBSON

Scores of success for Benjamin

GREG FUNNELL

Fresh from their successful debut at the Edinburgh Fringe Festival are All The Kingâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Men, an all-male acappella singing group of 14 Kingâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s undergraduates, studying a range of Z_Ăš[h[dj ikX`[Yji$

Arts & Humanities

2

A performance of Verdiâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Requiem at Cadogan Hall, London, in March 2010 marked the second year that Kingâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Arts & Humanities Alumni have gathered to give a public concert.

Two hundred musicians from across the College came together for the performance of Verdiâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s choral masterpiece, with the fheY[[Zi X[d[Ă&#x201C;jj_d] j^[ d[m A_d]Ă&#x160;i ?dj[]hWj[Z Cancer Centre. The performers included A_d]Ă&#x160;i kdZ[h]hWZkWj[i" feij]hWZkWj[i" ijWĂš and alumni â&#x20AC;&#x201C; from dentists to philosophers and from engineers to political scientists.

,Q WKH ODVW PRQWKV WKH FRPSRVHU DQG conductor Professor George Benjamin has received a CBE for services to music, conducted his opera Into the Little Hill at the Aldeburgh Festival where he was the featured contemporary composer, and also seen Into the Little Hill receive its UK premiere at the Royal Opera House.

Benjamin succeeded Sir Harrison Birtwistle as the Collegeâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Henry Purcell Professor RI &RPSRVLWLRQ LQ DQG KLV QHZ opera appeared in a double bill at Covent Garden alongside Birtwistleâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Down By the Greenwood Side.

6LQFH KLV ĆŞUVW RUFKHVWUDO SLHFH Ringed by the Flat Horizon, was given at the BBC Proms in 1980, Benjaminâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s works have continued to be performed across the world. In recent years there have been major retrospectives of his work at the Tanglewood Festival and in London, Brussels, Tokyo, Berlin, Strasbourg, Madrid and Paris. As a conductor, Professor Benjamin regularly appears with the worldâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s leading ensembles and orchestras, including the London Sinfonietta, Ensemble Modern, the Cleveland and Concertgebouw orchestras and the Berlin Philharmonic. ,Q $XJXVW KH FRQGXFWHG WKH %%& Symphony Orchestra in the BBC Proms at WKH $OEHUW +DOO LQ ĆŞYH SLHFHV LQFOXGLQJ KLV own Ringed by the Flat Horizon.

%HQMDPLQ VXFFHHGHG 6LU +DUULVRQ %LUWZLVWOH DV .LQJĹ&#x203A;V +HQU\ 3XUFHOO 3URIHVVRU RI &RPSRVLWLRQ LQ

31

REPORT 18

GETTY IMAGES FOR RBS

Children at Drayton Park Primary School, Islington, with tennis player Jamie Murray.

RBS Supergrounds funding provided the school with new playground facilities.

32

The nature, origins and effects of class and ethnic minority in Britain are the focus of studies by academics from several different departments at Kingâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s.

REPORT 18

MAKING

PXOWL HWKQLF Britain

33

REPORT 18

NATIONAL PORTRAIT GALLERY

Shaping Asian responses to War The considerable impact of South Asians living in Britain on the shaping of this country from the 1870s onward has been largely overlooked, but now a book to be SXEOLVKHG LQ ZLOO SURYLGH VRXUFHV to illustrate and reproduce these writersâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; contributions. â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;South Asians Shaping the Nation, 1870-1950 deploys political writings, private correspondence, diaries, interviews, reviews, government documentation and newspaper reportage to focus on four key areas of South Asian impact on Britainâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;, H[SODLQV 'U 5XYDQL 5DQDVLQKD 6HQLRU Lecturer in Postcolonial Literature at Kingâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s. â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;These are minority rights; war; culture and reception, and representation.â&#x20AC;&#x2122;

Indian writer and critic Mulk Raj Anand (1905-­2004).

World Service

CHARLES DEERING LIBRARY OF SPECIAL COLLECTIONS, NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

Some idea of the variety and richness RI WKHVH YRLFHV FDQ EH JDLQHG IURP 'U Ranasinhaâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s article on the contrasting stances on nationalism, anti-fascism and imperialism taken by two of the South Asian writers who were involved in the BBCâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s World Service broadcasts to India during the Second World War. â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;Whereas the novelist, essayist, critic and socialist activist Mulk Raj $QDQG TXHVWLRQHG WKH PRUDOLW\ RI ,QGLDQ VROGLHUV ĆŞJKWLQJ D Ĺ?%ULWLVKĹ&#x17E; ZDU the Sri Lankan poet and editor of the literary PDJD]LQH Poetry London MJ Tambimuttu (1915-83) distanced himself from radical anti-colonial politics and evaded any discussion on the debates on the role of ,QGLDQV LQ WKH ZDUĹ&#x203A; 'U 5DQDVLQKD VD\V â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;Anand was concerned that by 1941,

Sri Lankan poet MJ Tambimuttu (1915-­83).

34

England had become, as he put it, â&#x20AC;&#x153;increasingly insular, self-centred and FKDXYLQLVWLF VLQFH WKH LQWHQVLĆŞFDWLRQ RI WKLV war of rival Imperialismsâ&#x20AC;?. Tambimuttuâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Poetry London, on the other hand, was FRQĆŞQHG WR WKH UDUHĆŞHG DHVWKHWLF FRQFHUQV of the liberal aesthetes of Londonâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Soho DQG )LW]URYLD KH JUDYLWDWHG WRZDUGV DQG published.â&#x20AC;&#x2122; Tambimuttuâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s own poems imitate Britainâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s poetic culture, and Tambimuttu seems to have been happy to help promote this to South Asia through the BBC, painting a vivid portrait of Londonâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s wartime pub culture during the black outs and air raids.

The BBC broadcasts to India were conceived and organised by ZA Bokhari and Eric Arthur Blair (better known as George Orwell), and one of Orwellâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s invitations to Anand (who shared Orwellâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s opposition to Franco in the Spanish Civil war) describes the BBC talks as â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;an opportunity to do a bit of anti-Fascist propagandaâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;. But, despite this appeal, Anand continued to resist involvement with the BBC. â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;He was disillusioned by the colonial governmentâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s ruthless and systematic suppression and imprisonment of Jawaharlal Nehru and other Indian nationalist leaders, and by the British governmentâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s evasion of the question of Indiaâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s independence promised before the ZDUĹ&#x203A; 'U 5DQDVLQKD H[SODLQV However, as evidence emerged of the systematic brutality endured by the European Jews, and as the dangers of IDVFLVP DQG 1D]L WKHRULHV RI UDFH EHFDPH increasingly evident, Anand did eventually agree to speak out on the BBCâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Indian SURJUDPPH FRQGHPQLQJ WKH 1D]LV DV â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;Fascist and militarist hordes sweeping across country after countryâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;.

Dr Ranasinhaâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s research extends the work on South Asian writers that she began in her book South Asian Writers in Twentieth-­Century Britain (Oxford University Press, 2007). Her research is part of a wider, cross-institutional, interdisciplinary three-year project Making Britain: South Asian Visions of Home and Abroad 1870-­1950 led by Susheila Nasta (Open University) in collaboration with Elleke Boehmer (University of Oxford); Kingâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s; senior consultant Rozina Visram; the British Library and SALIDAA. It is funded by the Arts and Humanities Research Council. See www.open.ac.uk/Arts/ south-­asians-­making-­ britain Iekj^ 7i_Wdi I^Wf_d] j^[ DWj_ed" '.-&#'/+&0 7 IekhY[Xeea is edited by Ruvani Ranasinha with research associates on the Making Britain project Rehana Ahmed (Open University); Sumita Mukherjee (University of Oxford) and Florian Stadtler (Open University). It will be published by Manchester University Press in 2011.

A major conference connected with the project, Bharat Britain: South Asians Making Britain 1870-­1950, was held at the British Library Conference Centre in London in September 2010, and an exhibition presented jointly with the British Library is touring regional venues across the UK throughout 201011. The project has also created an interactive database of material relating to South Asians in Britain. See www. open.ac.uk/Arts/south-­ asians-­making-­britain/ database.htm Dr Ranasinhaâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s article, â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;South Asian Broadcasters in Britain and the BBC: Talking to India (1941-1943)â&#x20AC;&#x2122; was published in the Journal of South Asian Diaspora (Routledge) edited

by M Gillespie and S Thiranagama, in March 2010.

REPORT 18

Remaking East London Forty years of de-industrialisation have dramatically reshaped Londonâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s economy, its occupational class structure and its housing market. In East London in particular, the closure of the docks, the loss of industry and the development of Canary Wharf have transformed the economic, ethnic and class basis of the area, which has seen the growth of a large ethnic minority population. Ethnicity, Class and Aspiration,

by Professors Tim Butler and Chris +DPQHWW RI WKH 'HSDUWPHQW RI *HRJUDSK\ H[DPLQHV WKH HĆŠHFWV RI WKHVH FKDQJHV â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;In particular, our book looks at the way ethnic minorities have struggled to IXOĆŞO WKHLU DVSLUDWLRQV E\ SXWWLQJ GLVWDQFH between themselves and their places of origin in inner East London, and by trying to achieve the best for their children in todayâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s competitive and increasingly Ethnicity, Class and Aspiration: understanding Londonâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s new East End (Policy Press, 2011, see www.policypress.co.uk) draws on a research fhe`[Yj" Ă&#x2030;=[djh_Ă&#x201C;YWj_ed" ethnicity and education in East Londonâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;, funded by the Economic and Social Research Council.

The authors carried out 300 face-to-face interviews with middleclass respondents from Z_Ăš[h[dj [j^d_Y ]hekfi who had school-age or fh[#iY^eeb Y^_bZh[d" _d Ă&#x201C;l[ areas across East London.

These were followed by in-depth interviews with 100 of these respondents, focusing particularly on schooling.

market-oriented education systemâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;, Hamnett and Butler explain.

Many ethnic minorities have seen an opening-up of social and educational possibilities not available to their parents. â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;As a result, greater proportions of some minority groups are going on to higher education and into middle-class jobsâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;, the professors point out. â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;Some are also â&#x20AC;&#x153;suburbanisingâ&#x20AC;? from the inner London areas where they or their parents lived into outer London in the search for the contemporary equivalent of the â&#x20AC;&#x153;good lifeâ&#x20AC;?.â&#x20AC;&#x2122;

Reception Butler and Hamnett argue that East London is still functioning today as an immigrant reception area, much as it did in the 19th century and before. â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;What has changed is WKH QDWXUH RI WKH UHFHQW LPPLJUDQWV ĆŞUVW Indians, Pakistanis and Black Caribbeans, and from the 1970s large numbers of Bangladeshis and then Black Africans, the more successful of whom are gradually pushing out into the suburbs, following the East End Jews who moved out in the interwar periodâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;, they say. â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;Many of the more traditional white working class have disappeared, partly by upward social mobility and partly by retirement, economic inactivity and death.

The most recent groups making their presence felt in East London are the East European recent entrants to the EU, and also refugees. The area is thus functioning as a sort of migrant reception and sorting area for London, from which the more successful move outwards, which they take to be a VLJQLĆŞHU RI WKHLU VXFFHVV LQ FRQVROLGDWLQJ and improving their social and economic position.â&#x20AC;&#x2122; Contrary to the experience of some other European countries, where ethnic minorities KDYH UHPDLQHG ĆŞUPO\ DW WKH ERWWRP RI WKH economic and social pyramid, Britain has

The black dots show the location of the schools attended by the children of the respondents to the authorsâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; survey on ][djh_Ă&#x201C;YWj_ed" [j^d_Y_jo and education in East London.

35

REPORT 18

East London. For many of our respondents, the fear of â&#x20AC;&#x153;falling backâ&#x20AC;? is never far distant, and educational achievement is the key marker for the kind of lives they hope their children will be able to live. The ability to get their child into a â&#x20AC;&#x153;decentâ&#x20AC;? school and â&#x20AC;&#x201C; crucially â&#x20AC;&#x201C; away from a â&#x20AC;&#x153;failingâ&#x20AC;? one is a key measure of their success as parents and their sense of self.

7KH DELOLW\ WR JHW WKHLU FKLOG LQWR D Ĺ&#x161;GHFHQWĹ&#x203A; VFKRRO DQG Ĺ&#x2DC; FUXFLDOO\ Ĺ&#x2DC; DZD\ IURP D Ĺ&#x161;IDLOLQJĹ&#x203A; RQH LV D NH\ PHDVXUH RI WKHLU VXFFHVV DV SDUHQWV DQG WKHLU VHQVH RI VHOI

â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;Over my dead bodyâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;Parental reactions to this situation might LQFOXGH Ĺ?JRLQJ SULYDWHĹ&#x17E; GXVWLQJ RĆŠ D long-dormant faith, or moving house into the catchment of a popular school. What parents are adamant about, however, is that they will not send their children to what are clearly often demonised â&#x20AC;&#x153;failingâ&#x20AC;? schools â&#x20AC;&#x201C; the words â&#x20AC;&#x153;over my dead bodyâ&#x20AC;? were used by more than one parent. To some extent the policy of choice is creating a sense of failure amongst schools that perform perfectly well given the social background RI WKHLU LQWDNH 'LVFLSOLQH DQG YDOXHV DUH particularly important amongst groups who are concerned about their children being â&#x20AC;&#x153;brought downâ&#x20AC;? by disruptive pupils â&#x20AC;&#x201C; usually seen to be white and Black Caribbean working-class boys.â&#x20AC;&#x2122; The authors conclude that the redevelopment of Stratfordâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;Rail landsâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; DUHD IRU WKH 2O\PSLFV LV MXVW RQH further example of how East London will continue to be transformed but say that it seems unlikely that it will do other than further increase inequality in the poorest area of London. They suggest that East London represents, in exaggerated form, the future of the social composition of a number of British cities and those elsewhere.

VHHQ VLJQLĆŞFDQW XSZDUG VRFLDO PRELOLW\ among some ethnic minorities, particularly amongst Indian and Chinese groups, many of whom have moved into middle-class professional, managerial and entrepreneurial positions. In this respect, the major ethnic divide in Britain today is perhaps not between whites and ethnic minorities, but EHWZHHQ GLĆŠHUHQW PLQRULW\ JURXSV ZKR KDYH H[SHULHQFHG YHU\ GLĆŠHUHQW HGXFDWLRQDO employment and housing trajectories.

Working-class whites and Black Caribbean groups are, to some extent, conjoined by their more limited mobility.

Butler and Hamnett argue that many of the ethnic minority groups who now PDNH XS D VL]HDEOH SDUW RI (DVW /RQGRQĹ&#x203A;V middle-class population are receptive to the more aspirational and individualist IRUPV RI PRELOLW\ RĆŠHUHG E\ VXFFHVVLYH Conservative, New Labour and now Coalition governments. â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;This is nowhere more so than in the new â&#x20AC;&#x153;marketâ&#x20AC;? in education, with its widely-published attainment statistics and its stress on school choiceâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;, they say. â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;Securing an appropriate schooling for your child has become one of the most stressful aspects of being a parent in

Students at Kingâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s.

I_]d_Ă&#x201C;YWdj kfmWhZ mobility among some ethnic minorities, particularly amongst Indian and Chinese groups, has been a feature of British experience.

36

CONOR MASTERSON

â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;This area of London has always been a place j^Wj f[efb[ Wif_h[ je" j^[ Ă&#x201C;hij ijef \eh f[efb[ who are immigrants, so they come in to the East End and they work very hard in not very pleasant jobs, then they save enough money and they want to move to here then a lot of them will move on again, theyâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;re not going to all stay here, a lot will want to move to more rural areas, thatâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s my view.â&#x20AC;&#x2122; (Female white British respondent, Redbridge)

In the last 40 years London has changed from a largely white mono-ethnic city to a multi-ethnic one.

The ethnic minority population was 29 per cent in 2001, and is likely to reach nearly 40 per cent by the next census in 2011. East London has some of the highestperforming and lowest-performing schools in the country, ranging from those with 100 per cent of fkf_bi ]W_d_d] Ă&#x201C;l[ or more GCSE grades A*-C, to those with only some 20 per cent of pupils in this category.

Assembly at City of London School.

â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;The Minority Ethnic Middle-­Classes and Educationâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; is a small, in-depth study of 36 ethnic minority, middle class individuals, funded by the British Academy and carried out between 2007 and 2009. It included 13 parents; 10 18-30-year-old young professionals and 13 11-18 year-old pupils, from Black African, Black Caribbean, Muslim Pakistani/Bangladeshi, Indian Sikh or Hindu, Indian mixed heritage, Chinese, Turkish/Turkish Cypriot, Mauritian, Arabic and mixed heritage backgrounds.

Š RICHARD BAKER/IN PICTURES/CORBIS

REPORT 18

Middle-classness and ethnic minority Middle-class members of ethnic minorities are not treated as equal, according to an exploratory study by Louise Archer, Professor of Sociology of Education at Kingâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s, which sheds light on this littleconsidered group in Britain. â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;In the UK, educational policy has tended to address minority ethnic groups in relation to issues of â&#x20AC;&#x153;under achievementâ&#x20AC;? and â&#x20AC;&#x153;low aspirationsâ&#x20AC;?â&#x20AC;&#x2122;, Professor Archer VD\V Ĺ&#x161;7KLV DSSURDFK WHQGV WR FRQĆŤDWH minority ethnic status with being working class, to the cost of overlooking minority ethnic success, such as high academic achievement.â&#x20AC;&#x2122; The study showed that the popular public association of â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;middle-classnessâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; with â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;being whiteâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; was experienced as excluding minority ethnic people from feeling middle class and from being recognised by others as being â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;properlyâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; middle class. â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;Being a black woman [â&#x20AC;Ś] itâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s immediately assumed that Iâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;m working classâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;, explained one young professional Black Caribbean woman who was interviewed for the study.

Stereotypes

3DUHQWV RI %ODFN DQG 0XVOLP ER\V GHVFULEHG KRZ WKHLU sons experienced greater FRQĆŤLFW DQG SUREOHPV WKDQ WKHLU GDXJKWHUV DW VFKRRO EHFDXVH RI JHQGHUHG UDFLDOLVHG VWHUHRW\SHV RI EODFN ER\V DV Ĺ&#x161;EDG ER\VĹ&#x203A;

Asian boys from professional backgrounds, especially where they were a tiny visible minority within a predominantly white schoolâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;, Archer comments. â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;And this was further compounded by peer pressure to live up to this â&#x20AC;&#x153;hardâ&#x20AC;?, â&#x20AC;&#x153;bad boyâ&#x20AC;? image.â&#x20AC;&#x2122; The study found that middle class multiethnic families undertook large amounts of extra work to support their childrenâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s education and learning, especially within the state school sector. Whilst successful in many ways, many of these parents explicitly warned their children about the dangers of racism and the need to â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;work twice as hardâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; in order to succeed and retain (or improve) their class position.

Parents of Black and Muslim boys described KRZ WKHLU VRQV H[SHULHQFHG JUHDWHU FRQĆŤLFW and problems than their daughters at school because of gendered, racialised stereotypes of black boys as â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;bad boysâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;. â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;These stereotypes were an issue even for Black and 37

REPORT 18

JACOPIN/SCIENCE PHOTO LIBRARY

:_Ăš[h[dj b[l[bi e\ :D7 YecfWYj_ed$ IjhkYjkhWbbo" :D7 is much more than a sequence of nucleotide bases.

DNA is coiled tightly around histone proteins to form nucleosomes, which in turn are condensed together to form chromatin, the complex combination of DNA, RNA, and proteins that make up chromosomes. Epigenetic ceZ_Ă&#x201C;YWj_edi je Xej^ j^[ :D7 WdZ ^_ijed[ fhej[_di Wh[ important in regulating how accessible the genome is to the transcriptional machinery of the cell.

38

REPORT 18

NATURE, NURTURE –

or epigenetics?

Epigenetics research at King’s Institute of Psychiatry is complicating our understanding of the way genes work.

39

MARK THOMAS/SCIENCE PHOTO LIBRARY

REPORT 18

Identical (monozygotic) twins, both working as senior operating assistants. The study of identical and non-­identical twins plays an important part in epigenetics.

The Chevalier de Lamarck, writing in 1809, EHOLHYHG WKDW JLUDĆŠHV WKDW VWUHWFKHG WR UHDFK high foliage in trees could pass on the acquired DGYDQWDJH RI ORQJHU QHFNV WR WKHLU RĆŠVSULQJ Charles Darwinâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s theories, published 50 years later, discredited the possibility of the inheritance of acquired characteristics, while Gregor Mendelâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s work in the 1860s demonstrated the mechanisms of inheritance on which we base our current understanding of genetics.

N

ow, however, the â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;soft LQKHULWDQFHĹ&#x203A; RI WKH JLUDĆŠHVĹ&#x203A; necks may be back on the agenda again. The science of epigenetics â&#x20AC;&#x201C; the study of heritable changes in gene function that occur without a change in WKH '1$ VHTXHQFH Ĺ&#x2DC; LV FRPSOLFDWLQJ RXU understanding of the roles of nature and nurture. And at the MRC Social Genetic, 'HYHORSPHQWDO 3V\FKLDWU\ &HQWUH DW Kingâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Institute of Psychiatry (IoP), the research of Dr Jonathan Mill and his team is casting new light on how psychological and SK\VLFDO FRQGLWLRQV FDQ EH LQĆŤXHQFHG E\ both genes and environment.

High heritability Ĺ&#x161;6WXGLHV XVLQJ PRQR]\JRWLF RU Ĺ?LGHQWLFDOĹ&#x17E; twins have pointed to the possibility that GLVRUGHUV OLNH DOFRKROLVP VFKL]RSKUHQLD $O]KHLPHUĹ&#x203A;V DXWLVP PDMRU DĆŠHFWLYH disorder and dyslexia are heritable and not solely a consequence of environmental FRQGLWLRQVĹ&#x203A; VD\V 'U 0LOO ZKR LV 6HQLRU Lecturer in Psychiatric Epigenetics and heads the Psychiatric Epigenetics Laboratory at the IoP. â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;Although there have been many genome-wide association studies published RQ SV\FKLDWULF GLVRUGHUV JHQHWLF ĆŞQGLQJV 40

REPORT 18

so far canâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t fully account for their high KHULWDELOLW\ ,WĹ&#x203A;V YHU\ GLĆŹFXOW WR H[SODLQ WKH onset of psychiatric disorders, and how they can change over the life-course of a person, by solely focusing on the action of genes or the environment in isolation.â&#x20AC;&#x2122; To understand what the other possible H[SODQDWLRQV DUH 'U 0LOO VD\V ZH KDYH to look not only at the sequence of bases making up our genome but also at so-called Ĺ&#x161;HSLJHQHWLFĹ&#x203A; PRGLĆŞFDWLRQV WKDW DOWHU WKH SK\VLFDO DQG FKHPLFDO VWUXFWXUH RI '1$ and regulate gene expression.

'U 0LOOĹ&#x203A;V SDUWLFXODU DUHD RI LQWHUHVW LV LQ '1$ PHWK\ODWLRQ Ĺ&#x2DC; D FKHPLFDO PRGLĆŞFDWLRQ WR RQH RI WKH IRXU EDVHV RI '1$ F\WRVLQH WKDW FDQ EH LQKHULWHG through cell division.

'1$ PHWK\ODWLRQ SOD\V D FUXFLDO UROH LQ UHJXODWLQJ FHOOXODU GLĆŠHUHQWLDWLRQ DQG normal development in higher organisms.

It enables cells to form the myriad characteristics necessary for multi-cellular life from a single immutable sequence of '1$ DQG DOORZV FHOOV WR Ĺ&#x161;UHPHPEHU ZKHUH they have beenâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;; so that, for example, cells programmed during embryonic development to be pancreatic islets remain pancreatic islets throughout the life of the organism, without requiring continuing signals telling them that they need to remain LVOHWV ,Q DGGLWLRQ '1$ PHWK\ODWLRQ

(YHQ LI \RX KDYH WZR identical strands of DNA, epigenetic processes ZLOO PDNH WKH GLĆŠHUHQFH EHWZHHQ VLJQLĆŞFDQW gene expression and no H[SUHVVLRQ

suppresses the expression of viral genes and other harmful elements which have been incorporated into the genome of the host over time. Ĺ&#x161;'1$ PHWK\ODWLRQ LQ WKH UHJXODWRU\ region of many genes is often associated ZLWK D PRUH FRPSDFWHG '1$ VWUXFWXUH which renders the genome inaccessible, VZLWFKLQJ RĆŠ JHQH H[SUHVVLRQ RU FDXVLQJ genes to be expressed at very low levelsâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;, 'U 0LOO H[SODLQV Ĺ&#x161;7KLV LV LPSRUWDQW because, even if you have two identical VWUDQGV RI '1$ HSLJHQHWLF SURFHVVHV ZLOO PDNH WKH GLĆŠHUHQFH EHWZHHQ VLJQLĆŞFDQW gene expression and no expression; between large amounts of protein being produced or no protein produced. Itâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s also important to consider when and where GETTY IMAGES

â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;A longitudinal study of epigenetic variation in twinsâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;, by Chloe Chung Yi Wong, Avshalom Caspi, Benjamin Williams, Ian W Craig, Renate Houts, Antony Ambler, Terrie E Ceøjj WdZ @edWj^Wd C_bb" in Epigenetics 5:6, 1-11; August 16, 2010.

Lamarck believed that ]_hWĂš[i j^Wj ijh[jY^[Z to reach high foliage in trees could pass on the advantage of longer d[Yai je j^[_h eĂšifh_d]$

41

REPORT 18

%HFDXVH '1$ PHWK\ODWLRQ LV D G\QDPLF SURFHVV WKDW WDNHV SODFH GXULQJ DQ LQGLYLGXDOĹ&#x203A;V GHYHORSPHQW LW LV QRW Ĺ&#x161;ĆŞ[HGĹ&#x203A; OLNH RXU '1$ VHTXHQFH

â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;Allelic skewing of DNA methylation is widespread across the genomeâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;, by Leonard C Schalkwyk, Emma L Meaburn, Rebecca Smith, Emma L Dempster, Aaron R @[Ăšh_[i" CWjj^[m D Davies, Robert Plomin and Jonathan Mill, in The American Journal of Human Genetics, 86:2, February 2010. â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;Brain weight in males is correlated with DNA methylation at IGF2â&#x20AC;&#x2122;, by R Pidsley, EL Dempster and J Mill, in Molecular Psychiatry 15:9; September 2010.

Dynamic changes $ UHFHQW UHVHDUFK SURMHFW LQ 'U 0LOOĹ&#x203A;V WHDP DQDO\VHG '1$ VDPSOHV IURP FKLOGUHQ LQFOXGLQJ PRQR]\JRWLF SDLUV RI WZLQV DQG GL]\JRWLF Ĺ&#x161;QRQ LGHQWLFDOĹ&#x203A; SDLUV The samples were taken when the children ZHUH ĆŞYH \HDUV ROG DQG DJDLQ ZKHQ WKH\ were 10, and the researchers analysed '1$ PHWK\ODWLRQ LQ WKUHH JHQHV IURP WKHVH samples, in order to assess the contribution of heritable and environmental factors.

In all three of the gene regions assessed, WKH UHVHDUFKHUV IRXQG KLJK OHYHOV RI '1$ PHWK\ODWLRQ GLĆŠHUHQFHV EHWZHHQ JHQHWLFDOO\ LGHQWLFDO LQGLYLGXDOV PRQR]\JRWLF WZLQV

They also found dynamic changes in the '1$ PHWK\ODWLRQ RI LQGLYLGXDO FKLOGUHQ EHWZHHQ WKH DJHV RI ĆŞYH DQG \HDUV WKDW

The addition of a methyl group (the starburst at the centre) can alter the physical conformation of DNA. KENNETH EWARD/BIOGRAFX/SCIENCE PHOTO LIBRARY

genes are expressed, because even genes that carry no disease-associated mutations may be rendered useless or harmful if they are expressed at the wrong time or in the wrong place. This means that the epigenetic status of some genes is likely to be a key mechanism in certain pathological conditions.â&#x20AC;&#x2122; %HFDXVH '1$ PHWK\ODWLRQ LV D dynamic process that takes place during an LQGLYLGXDOĹ&#x203A;V GHYHORSPHQW LW LV QRW Ĺ&#x161;ĆŞ[HGĹ&#x203A; OLNH RXU '1$ VHTXHQFH RXU JHQRPH FDQ acquire or lose methyl groups more easily WKDQ LW FDQ PDNH FKDQJHV WR WKH DFWXDO '1$ â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;hardwareâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;. One epigenetic process allowing certain mammalian genes to be switched RĆŠ GXULQJ HDUO\ HPEU\R GHYHORSPHQW according to whether they were inherited from the father or mother, is known as â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;genomic imprintingâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;. Many imprinted genes are known to play important roles in growth and development, and may be particularly susceptible to changes due to HQYLURQPHQWDO FDXVHV ,QWHUHVWLQJO\ 'U

Millâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s team has showed that variation in the LPSULQWLQJ VWDWXV RI RQH VXFK JHQH ,*) FDQ LQĆŤXHQFH FKDUDFWHULVWLFV GLUHFWO\ UHODWHG to psychiatric illness, for example brain weight. â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;Therefore, rather than just genomewide-association studies that scrutinise FKDQJHV LQ WKH '1$ VHTXHQFH ZH DUH GRLQJ genome-wide epigenetic scans that look for FKDQJHV LQ PHWK\ODWLRQ XVLQJ '1$ IURP WKH EUDLQV RI LQGLYLGXDOV DĆŠHFWHG E\ SV\FKLDWULF FRQGLWLRQVĹ&#x203A; 'U 0LOO H[SODLQV Ĺ&#x161;$QG EHFDXVH LW LV UDUH WR ĆŞQG FRPSOHWH FRQFRUGDQFH LQ PRQR]\JRWLF WZLQV IRU SV\FKLDWULF GLVRUGHUV ZH DUH DOVR FDUU\LQJ RXW HSLJHQHWLF SURĆŞOLQJ studies in twins.â&#x20AC;&#x2122;

42

could largely be attributed to environmental LQĆŤXHQFHV 7KHVH ĆŞQGLQJV VXJJHVW WKDW '1$ methylation may act as a biological LQGH[ RI HQYLURQPHQWDO LQĆŤX HQFH LQ both animals and humans. They also VKRZ WKDW '1$ PHWK\ODWLRQ GLĆŠHUHQFHV that are predominantly attributable to environmental factors are already apparent LQ HDUO\ FKLOGKRRG WKDW YDULDWLRQ LQ '1$ PHWK\ODWLRQ LQ VSHFLĆŞF JHQRPLF UHJLRQV during childhood is attributable to nonKHULWDEOH IDFWRUV DQG WKDW FKDQJH LQ '1$ PHWK\ODWLRQ RYHU WLPH FDQ EH LQĆŤX HQFHG by a range of shared and non-shared environmental factors, depending on their location on the genome. The research has highlighted the complex nature of epigenetic variation across the genome during the ĆŞUVW GHFDGH RI OLIH DQG KDV DOVR HPSKDVLVHG WKH XVHIXOQHVV RI '1$ PHWK\ODWLRQ DV D ELRPDUNHU RI HQYLURQPHQWDO LQĆŤXHQFHV â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;Research investigating dynamic changes in the epigenome is in its infancyâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;, the authors point out. Nevertheless, it is â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;one RI WKH IDVW HVW JURZLQJ ĆŞHOGV LQ ELRORJLFDO and medical research and supported by rapid technological and methodological developments. Understanding the contribution of heritable and environmental factors to epigenetic processes may facilitate the development of better molecular tools that improve the diagnosis, prognosis and treatment of common complex diseases.â&#x20AC;&#x2122;

Alleles Each individual inherits two copies of their genetic blueprint, one from their father and one from their mother. In another study, 'U 0LOO DQG FROOHDJXHV GHWHFWHG HYLGHQFH IRU VNHZHG JHQH '1$ PHWK\ODWLRQ DFURVV WKHVH WZR FRSLHV Ĺ&#x2DC; RU DOOHOHV Ĺ&#x2DC; RI WKH '1$ sequence across the genome. Up to now, '1$ PHWK\ODWLRQ KDV EHHQ DVVXPHG WR EH complementary on both alleles across the genome, although there are exceptions, notably in regions subject to genomic imprinting. +RZHYHU 'U 0LOO FRPPHQWHG â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;Interestingly, we found numerous examples ZKHUH '1$ PHWK\ODWLRQ ZDV QRW HTXDO across alleles. In some instances this depended upon genotype, and in other cases it depended upon which parent that allele was inherited from. Our data show WKDW DOOHOH VSHFLĆŞF '1$ PHWK\ODWLRQ LV D widespread phenomenon, with potentially over 35,000 such sites occurring across the genome. It appears that a spectrum RI VNHZLQJ LV OLNHO\ GLĆŠHULQJ EHWZHHQ individuals and across tissues.â&#x20AC;&#x2122;

ALEX BARTEL/SCIENCE PHOTO LIBRARY

REPORT 18

5,000 twins, 20 million DNA sites On of the worldâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s most ambitious projects in human genetics was launched in September 2010 as a collaboration between TwinsUK, a leading twin research group based at Kingâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s, and BGI, one of the worldâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s largest genomic organisations, based in Shenzhen, China. Epitwin will capture the subtle epigenetic signatures that cWha j^[ Z_Ăš[h[dY[i X[jm[[d 5,000 twins, on a scale and depth never before attempted â&#x20AC;&#x201C; providing key therapeutic targets for the development of drug treatments. The project will study the methylation patterns of 20 million sites in the DNA of each twin and compare them with the patterns in the co-twin. Rather than looking at similarities as in previous studies, the team will be beea_d] \eh Z_Ăš[h[dY[i j^Wj [nfbW_d

why many identical twins do not develop the same diseases.

Initially the team will focus on obesity, diabetes, allergies, heart disease, osteoporosis and longevity, but the method can be applied to every common trait or disease.

Kingâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Department of Twin Research & Genetic Epidemiology encompasses the biggest UK adult twin registry used to study the genetic and environmental aetiology of age-related complex traits and diseases.

The Department has a voluntary database of 10,000 identical and non-identical, mostly female, twins from across the UK between the ages of 16 and 85 years. It is the UKâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s only adult twin registry and is the most detailed clinical adult register in the world.

7KHVH ĆŞQGLQJV KDYH DQ LPSDFW RQ RXU understanding about the origin of biological variation and implications for genetic studies of complex disease including most SV\FKLDWULF FRQGLWLRQV Ĺ&#x161;%HFDXVH '1$ PHWK\ODWLRQ FDQ DOVR EH LQĆŤXHQFHG E\ various environmental factors, the variation we have uncovered provides a potential underlying site for interactions between QDWXUH DQG QXUWXUHĹ&#x203A; 'U 0LOO FRQFOXGHV So perhaps Lamarck was right about the JLUDĆŠHV DIWHU DOO" 43

BRIDGEMAN ART LIBRARY

REPORT 18

‘Somerset House and the Thames’ by John Constable (1776-­1837). Yale Center for British Art, Paul Mellon Collection. This view eastwards from the 1817 Waterloo Bridge shows the Thames, before the construction of j^[ ;cXWdac[dj _d j^[ '.,&i" Ôem_d] h_]^j kf je j^[ piers of Somerset House.

44

REPORT 18

SOMERSET HOUSE

.LQJśV Acquiring the East Wing of Somerset House connects King’s with the distinguished history of this site in the heart of London.

45

REPORT 18

The announcement in November 2009 that Kingâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s was to move, at last, into the Somerset House East Wing, was an historic moment for the College: but only the latest of many changes that the building and its important site have seen during the course of their long story, as 'U *HRĆŠ %URZHOO of the College Archives explains.

R The Kingâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Building (left) at the Collegeâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Strand Campus; the Quad, and Somerset House East Wing (right) before renovation.

46

ecent archaeological excavations at Somerset House have uncovered the remains of Lundenwic, the Saxon trading port built outside abandoned Roman London. This extended a mile upriver from the river Fleet, with its principal buildings beneath modern Covent Garden. The port fell into GLVXVH DIWHU 9LNLQJ DWWDFNV IURP DQG King Alfred the Great then relocated it downstream within the newly refurbished DQG VWUHQJWKHQHG FLW\ ZDOOV 7KH 'DQLVK LQĆŤXHQFH KRZHYHU LV UHFDOOHG LQ WKH QHDUE\ FKXUFK RI 6W &OHPHQW 'DQHV 'XULQJ WKH 0LGGOH $JHV WKH 6WUDQG was the site of the urban residences of bishops and nobles. Beneath the College and Somerset House lie the remains of the Ĺ&#x161;LQQVĹ&#x203A; RI WKH ELVKRSV RI &KHVWHU /ODQGDĆŠ and Worcester, including stables, dining halls and private chapels. On the site of the Collegeâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s current entrance and Law School building lay the Church of the Innocents, whose Rector Thomas Becket, the future Archbishop of Canterbury, was murdered on the orders of Henry II in 1170. The present church of St Mary le Strand, built in the wake of the Great Fire of London, was FRQVHFUDWHG LQ

REPORT 18

$FFHVV WR RQH RI /RQGRQĹ&#x203A;V PRVW EHDXWLIXO DQG LFRQLF EXLOGLQJV ZLOO H[WHQG .LQJĹ&#x203A;V 6WUDQG &DPSXV HQDEOH WKH &ROOHJH DQG WKH 6RPHUVHW +RXVH 7UXVW WR FUHDWH DQ H[FLWLQJ QHZ SXEOLF FXOWXUDO VSDFH DQG ZLOO SURYLGH DQ DSSURSULDWHO\ HOHJDQW QHZ KRPH IRU .LQJĹ&#x203A;V SUHVWLJLRXV 6FKRRO RI /DZ

Old Somerset House.

it was there that Oliver Cromwell lay in state following his death in 1658. Henrietta 0DULD EULHĆŤ\ UHWXUQHG DIWHU WKH 5HVWRUDWLRQ before the palace became home to Queen &DWKHULQH RI %UDJDQ]D IROORZLQJ WKH GHDWK RI Charles II. Contemporary drawings depict a range of formal gardens running down to the river, and these were captured in exquisitely vivid detail by the Venetian painter Canaletto in the 1740s, but subsequently the site gradually fell into disuse.

â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;Old Somerset House from the River Thamesâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; (c 1746-­50, detail) by Canaletto (Giovanni Antonio Canal). Private collection.

Š CHRISTIE'S IMAGES

From the late-13th century, court LQTXLVLWLRQV DQG DVVL]HV ZHUH KHDUG LQ WKH open air at the ancient stone cross located opposite the modern entrance to Somerset House. By the 15th century what is now the Collegeâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Quad and the Somerset House East Wing was the site of the Strand Inn, one of the â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;Inns of Chanceryâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; which served as dining clubs and lodgings for lawyers and trained legal professionals, alongside the larger and more famous Inns of Court. The Strand Inn was destroyed when Edward 6H\PRXU )LUVW 'XNH RI 6RPHUVHW 3URWHFWRU to the young King Edward VI, built his new palace across what is now the site of the current Somerset House and Kingâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s in the 1540s.

The new palace was completed in 1551 DW WKH IDQWDVWLF FRVW RI e MXVW PRQWKV before Somersetâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s execution for treason, and it then became the home of Princess (OL]DEHWK EHIRUH KHU DFFHVVLRQ LQ ,W XQGHUZHQW VXEVWDQWLDO PRGLĆŞFDWLRQ RYHU the following century, with new wings and arcades added in 1609 by Anne of 'HQPDUN 4XHHQ RI -DPHV , XQGHU WKH VXSHUYLVLRQ RI ,QLJR -RQHV VHH SDJH

,W ZDV UHQDPHG 'HQPDUN +RXVH LQ WKH Queenâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s honour. Its role as an important SROLWLFDO FHQWUH ZDV FRQĆŞUPHG ZKHQ LW played host to the treaty negotiations that brought the war between England and Spain to a close in 1604: an event at which William Shakespeare is known to have been present.

'XULQJ WKH UHLJQ RI &KDUOHV , WKH SDODFH was occupied by Queen Henrietta Maria, who built a Roman Catholic chapel in the grounds; but during the Civil War it became a Parliamentary headquarters, and

KINGâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;S COLLEGE LONDON ARCHIVES

Strand Inn

47

SCIENCE MUSEUM/SSPL

REPORT 18

STREPHON DUCKERING/PCA

â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;Monster soup commonly called Thames water.â&#x20AC;&#x2122; William Heathâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s cartoon of 1828 satirises the appalling state of Londonâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s drinking water before Joseph Bazalgetteâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s construction of the Thames Embankments in the 1860s and 70s, which separated the YWf_jWbĂ&#x160;i i[mW][ ioij[c \hec _ji h_l[h WdZ c[Wdj j^Wj j^[ J^Wc[i de bed][h Ă&#x201D;em[Z up to the arches below Somerset House and Kingâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s.

Recent archaeological excavations at Somerset House have uncovered Tudor, mediaeval and Saxon artefacts on the site.

Chambersâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; Somerset House By the 1780s demand had grown for new SXEOLF RĆŹFHV WR KRXVH WKH LPSRUWDQW government departments of the day, including the Admiralty and the Stamp 2ĆŹFH 6LU :LOOLDP &KDPEHUV D OHDGLQJ DUFKLWHFW DQG &RPSWUROOHU LQ WKH 2ĆŹFH of Works, was appointed to rebuild Somerset House on a suitably grand scale to accommodate these state departments, to provide residences for the principal RĆŹFH KROGHUV DQG IXUQLVK PDJQLĆŞFHQW 48

new exhibition and meeting spaces for the leading learned societies of the day, notably the Royal Society and the Royal Academy.

The buildings around the Great Court were conceived as town houses, providing grand state rooms and entertaining VSDFHV DORQJVLGH PRUH SURVDLF SD\ RĆŹFHV records stores, strong rooms and servantsâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; accommodation.

Chambersâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; Somerset House was completed by 1796. Numerous plans were drawn up for the site now occupied by Kingâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s, but they were never implemented because the money had run out. The western â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;New Wingâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; was eventually completed in the 1850s and today overlooks the approach to Waterloo Bridge. The eastern plot was leased by the Crown to the proprietors of Kingâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s when the new College UHFHLYHG LWV UR\DO FKDUWHU LQ ,W ZDV D condition of the deal that the College, and its architect Sir Robert Smirke, would be responsible for completing a grand river frontage, to match the one already along the south range of Somerset House, and this was done after the College buildings were erected in 1831, nearly bankrupting the College. In the 1870s the Admiralty was replaced by the Inland Revenue, which has continued to use the buildings up to the present day. Other important previous occupants have included the Registrar *HQHUDO RI %LUWKV 'HDWKV DQG 0DUULDJHV

REPORT 18

From the moment the College opened its doors to students in 1831, Kingâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s set its sights on acquiring the neighbouring East Wing of Somerset House: an ambition that has lasted 180 years. The relationship EHWZHHQ WKH &ROOHJH DQG WKH &URZQ RĆŹFHV that occupied the East Wing was sometimes GLĆŹFXOW In 1875, for example, a dispute blew up when new windows were added to the façade overlooking Kingâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s. When the College Council complained at the loss of privacy, the Board of Works tersely replied that â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;the terms under which the college is held are not such as to enable the Council to restrict Her Majesty from opening windows in Somerset House whenever she may think properâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;. .LQJĹ&#x203A;V HĆŠRUWV WR DFTXLUH WKH (DVW :LQJ started in earnest after the First World War when the College began to outgrow its premises. It was even suggested at this time that Kingâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s be relocated to new premises in Bloomsbury. When these plans fell WKURXJK QHZ ĆŤRRUV ZHUH DGGHG LQVWHDG above the Collegeâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s main building, to house WKH $QDWRP\ 'HSDUWPHQW DQG WKH &ROOHJH extended to the east, into Surrey Street.

The next major attempt followed the publication of the Robbins Report on Higher Education in 1963. Robbins recommended a large expansion in student numbers, accommodated by a new building SURJUDPPH 7KH &ROOHJH GXVWHG RĆŠ LWV â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;quadrilateral planâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; to create a campus stretching from Norfolk Street to Somerset House, with modern high-rise buildings along the Strand and Surrey Street to house a new library and laboratories. A contemporary report declared that this would provide London with â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;a university precinct on the Strand of which the capital could be proudâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;. The plans were revisited in the early 1970s by the then Principal, Sir John Hackett, but funding problems and the unwillingness of the government to re-house its civil servants from Somerset House prevented further progress, despite intensive political lobbying.

In 1971 the Evening Standard led a public campaign for Somerset House to be transformed into a new public arts venue for London. Proposals were also aired for the relocation of the Tate Gallery to the site, and during the 1990s the opening of the Courtauld Gallery and River Rooms, and the replacement of the car park by the Fountain Court, marked the next stage in the transformation of Somerset House.

DALE COOPER

Kingâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s and the East Wing

Stairwell in Somerset House East Wing.

Renovation and transition The renovation of the Somerset House East Wing in 2010-11 completes a transition from a building layout originally based on a row of vertical town houses, to a lateral approach linking the Wing from end to end. This will improve passage through the building, while preserving and enhancing its classical features and creating views through from the Kingâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Quad to Somerset House Great Court and vice versa. The College is also taking the opportunity to link the Somerset House East Wing to Kingâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s existing buildings on the Strand Campus at the lower levels under the Quad.

The Wing will play a key role in Kingâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s development as a worldclass university by providing ^_]^ gkWb_jo WYYecceZWj_ed for the Collegeâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s teaching and research. In particular, the Kingâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s School of Law will gain premises appropriate to its standing as one of Europeâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s premier law schools WdZ h[Ă&#x201D;[Yj_d] _ji '.&#o[Wh#ebZ tradition of excellence. The Law School will have accommodation ed j^[ jef jme Ă&#x201D;eehi" _dYbkZ_d] eøY[i WdZ ijkZo ifWY[ \eh feij]hWZkWj[i" WdZ ed j^[ Ă&#x201C;hij Ă&#x201D;eeh" m^[h[ W Ceej 9ekhj m_bb be created, enabling students to perfect their debating skills.

J^[ Ă&#x201C;hij Ă&#x201D;eeh m_bb Wbie X[ ki[Z for teaching, professional training and continuing professional development, with some courses in subjects including law, public policy and languages designed if[Y_Ă&#x201C;YWbbo je WjjhWYj d[m audiences to the College. The ]hekdZ Ă&#x201D;eeh _i X[_d] Yedl[hj[Z into space for cultural activities, curated by the Somerset House Trust, and will be open to the fkXb_Y \eh j^[ Ă&#x201C;hij j_c[$ J^[ bem[h#]hekdZ Ă&#x201D;eeh m_bb _dYbkZ[ an administration and a student hub for Law, with departmental facilities, common rooms, computer and study facilities, and also an area dedicated to creative and artistic teaching, research WdZ fkXb_Y [d]W][c[dj" h[Ă&#x201D;[Yj_d] a range of disciplines at Kingâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s such as digital arts, material science and performance studies.

Kingâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s has been awarded ÂŁ7.5 million by the Higher Education Funding Council for England for the renovation of the Somerset House East Wing, but will need to raise a further ÂŁ20 million to complete the project, and the East Wing campaign is an integral part e\ j^[ MehbZ gk[ij_edi r A?D=Ă&#x160;I answers College fundraising campaign (see page 6 and www. kcl.ac.uk/somersethouse).

49

PHIL SAYER

REPORT 18

50

REPORT 18

CREATING A 21ST CENTURY

FXUULFXOXP Kingâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s has a unique record of innovation in teaching and learning.

Now it is at the forefront of moves to ensure that universities equip students for the 21st century world of work, for an environment of constant change, for a global perspective and for service to society.

51

REPORT 18

GREG FUNNELL

Report asked Professor Eeva Leinonen, who joined Kingâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s as Vice-Principal (Education) in 2009, to explain about current moves in curriculum innovation and development at Kingâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s.

Professor Eeva Leinonen.

52

Q: How does Kingâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s respond to the idea of the student as a customer or consumer?

A Kingâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s has a long tradition of providing world-class education to its students: a strong platform which we can build on for the future. Students (and their parents) are making an important choice when they select Kingâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s as their university.

It is important that we live up to their expectations. However I have also been working on the Kingâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Graduate Project which encourages students to participate in and help to shape their learning. We believe in working in partnership with our students to improve the student learning experience, and an important element of this is â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;hearing and acting uponâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; the student voice. We have many mechanisms in place to ensure that we VFDQ WKH KRUL]RQ EHIRUH WKH VWXGHQWV DUULYH to understand their needs and expectations, and to understand the changing world our students enter after graduation. We want to ensure that their experience of studying at Kingâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s gives them the knowledge, skills and FRQĆŞGHQFH WR EHFRPH OHDGHUV LQ WKHLU FKRVHQ ĆŞHOGV DV ZHOO DV FRQWULEXWRUV ZKR EHQHĆŞW WKH HFRQRP\ DQG VRFLHW\ DQG FLWL]HQV ZKR KDYH a truly global outlook and understanding of world issues and challenges.

Q: How does Kingâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s use its central BedZed beYWj_ed je eĂš[h kd_gk[ b[Whd_d] opportunities to its students?

A Kingâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s has one of the best locations in the heart of London, which is a vibrant and H[FLWLQJ FLW\ ZLWK PXFK WR RĆŠHU :H PDNH sure that our students have the opportunity to experience the wealth of opportunities this provides, not only for their social and extra-curricular activities but also, crucially, for their learning. We embed â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;the London experienceâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; into what we teach and how we teach. We have major cultural, historical, literary, legal, public policy, government DQG ĆŞQDQFLDO LQVWLWXWLRQV DQG VLWHV RQ RXU doorstep.

We bring those worlds into Kingâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s and take our students out into the capital to H[SHULHQFH OHDUQLQJ LQ GLĆŠHUHQW ORFDWLRQV and institutions. There are numerous examples of how London is embedded into our curriculum. The newly-launched MA in Christianity & the Arts is jointly developed and delivered with the National Gallery, and the MA in Shakespeare Studies is closely interfaced with Shakespeareâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Globe Theatre. Kingâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s History podcasts enable students literally to learn in situ around major historical sites, by downloading a â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;lessonâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; onto their MP3 players and positioning themselves around London to hear world experts talking about

XAVIER DE JAURÉGUIBERRY

CONOR MASTERSON

REPORT 18

History by podcast Podcasts are increasingly used for teaching WdZ b[Whd_d] Wj A_d]Êi" cWa_d] ^_]^bo [ù[Yj_l[ use of the College’s location amid the historical and cultural riches of the heart of London. A compulsory part of the ‘History & Memory’ module of the History BA, for example, is delivered as podcasts prepared by academics for students visiting historically resonant places such as the Anglican church of St Clement Danes in the Strand. This particular podcast discusses the church’s reconstruction following destruction in the London Blitz as the central church of the Royal Air Force, drawing comparisons with Coventry Cathedral and the Frauenkirche in Dresden (two other important bombed churches) and exploring the controversy over the erection of a statue of the head of RAF Bomber Command outside the church.

The project is supported by the Annual Fund and the College Teaching Fund and led

by Arthur Burns, Professor of Modern British History. ‘The podcasts enable students to access teaching in places where bringing in a crocodile of people or megaphonelevel talking would disrupt the atmosphere essential to experiencing the site’, he explains.

‘This way we can teach literally in front of an altar, memorial, or painting, for instance. We will also involve the students in the production e\ feZYWiji" ki_d] ekh emd [gk_fc[dj" WdZ make the podcasts available to the public.

Student reaction has been very favourable, and the work produced in response is e\ W ^_]^ gkWb_jo" m_j^ [nj[hdWb [nWc_d[hi describing it as highly innovative.’ See www. kcl.ac.uk/ikings/index.php?id=190.

the particular location (for example, Brick Lane) and its history. Students in health and PHGLFDO VXEMHFWV EHQHƪW JUHDWO\ IURP .LQJśV partnership with major London hospitals DQG FRPPXQLW\ VHWWLQJV 7KH EHQHƪWV RI our location also bring responsibilities. I am very pleased that many of our students spend time mentoring and encouraging local school children.

Q: What does it mean to say that King’s eù[hi W h[i[WhY^#_dj[di_l[ [dl_hedc[dj5 A Our outstanding research plays a major part in building the College’s global reputation and attracting students from 140 countries world-wide. King’s academics are involved in ground-breaking research which is valued by the whole College community. Being a world-leading, UHVHDUFK LQWHQVLYH XQLYHUVLW\ RƩHUV RXU students a unique learning experience. They are not only taught by world-class experts and hear about the latest research, but are also surrounded by the ethos of discovery and excitement for learning and research.

They also learn about the research process through their interaction with researchers at GLƩHUHQW VWDJHV RI WKHLU FDUHHUV DQG WKURXJK their own engagement in understanding and conducting research. In this way they gain skills and knowledge which enable them 53

CONOR MASTERSON

REPORT 18

Virtual dental learning

to become lifelong learners and to have a broad-based understanding of the world around them.

Q: Kingâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s is one of the top British universities for the employability of its graduates. Why do you think this is?

A Kingâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s attracts the best students from the UK and overseas. Our students are highly capable when they come to us and we hope their experience here equips them to excel.

7KH\ EHQHĆŞW IURP D OHDUQLQJ H[SHULHQFH that not only positions them as leaders LQ WKHLU DFDGHPLF ĆŞHOGV EXW DOVR SURYLGHV WKHP ZLWK WKH VNLOOV DQG FRQĆŞGHQFH WR H[FHO in their chosen careers. Kingâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s graduates are sought-after because they possess the attributes employers seek. A contributing factor to this is the way we encourage and enable studentsâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; interaction with the external world as part of their studies, as well as providing many extra-curricular opportunities in the form of arts, sports, volunteering and debating opportunities, enabling our students to become â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;rounded LQGLYLGXDOVĹ&#x203A; ZLWK D JUHDW GHDO WR RĆŠHU Q: How does Kingâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s help its students to become global citizens?

A We strongly believe that university HGXFDWLRQ LV DERXW EURDGHQLQJ KRUL]RQV 54

UDENTE (Universal Dental E-learning) is the mehbZĂ&#x160;i Ă&#x201C;hij l_hjkWb Z[djWb iY^eeb" e\ m^_Y^ Kingâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s is the leading partner. UDENTE uses the latest online technology, and draws on the highest-rated research in dentistry to Z[b_l[h Ă&#x201D;[n_Xb[ l_hjkWb b[Whd_d] \eh ijkZ[dji" educators and other members of the dental professions throughout the world. â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;Dental educators can create their emd Yekhi[i ki_d] K:;DJ;Ă&#x160;i ^_]^ gkWb_jo components, choosing the ones they need to customise their own learning environmentâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;, explains Pat Reynolds, Professor of Dental Education. â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;They can also connect their own systems seamlessly to contemporary tools and materials, and communicate and collaborate with global dental communities across national borders. These new learning environments provide enormous potential for collaborative learning by sharing knowledge and expertise.â&#x20AC;&#x2122; See www.udente.org

Haptics: working with touch A crucial part of virtual learning for dentists (and also potentially for nurses, doctors, vets and others) is the chance to practise j[Y^d_gk[i ed h[Wb_ij_Y heXej_Y Z[l_Y[i before working with patients. hapTEL (Haptic Technology Enhanced Learning, funded by the ESRC and EPSRC) is a joint educational research project between Kingâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s and the University of Reading to develop a haptic virtual 3-D environment, and evaluate its impact on teaching and learning. â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;The haptic devices, which apply forces, vibrations, and/or motions, can mimic Z_Ăš[h[dj i[diWj_edi e\ jekY^ ed YedjWYj with representations of realistic 3-D mouth modelsâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;, explains Margaret Cox, Professor of Information Technology in Education. â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;These are combined with motion-tracking cameras so learners can move their head from side to side when working on a tooth to see how well they are progressing. The system records the learnerâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s activities, such as magnifying the tooth, replaying what they have done WdZ h[l_[m_d] j^[ gkWdj_jo e\ cWj[h_Wb j^[o have removed to monitor their progress and achievements. Results to date show that students using this system performed as well as those using the conventional training.â&#x20AC;&#x2122; See www.haptel.kcl.ac.uk

PHIL SAYER

REPORT 18

Future-­proof curricula Kingâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s and the University of Warwick have been working together to bring their undergraduate curricula to the peak of Ă&#x201C;jd[ii \eh j^[ ('st century, through a yearlong project funded by the Higher Education Funding Council for England.

Academics and students looked at how 25 higher education institutions across the world have approached curriculum change and what they have learnt. â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;Our conclusion was that a healthy curriculum is one in m^_Y^ b[Whd_d] h[Ă&#x201D;[Yji j^[ h[i[WhY^ Zed[ by teachers; engages with the community; has global connections; works across academic disciplines; produces learners who are academically literate, and has the right assessment methods and learning technologiesâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;, reports Professor Paul Blackmore, Kingâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Deputy Vice-Principal (Education).

Project groups devised innovative teaching approaches that could be delivered within [n_ij_d] Ykhh_YkbW je j[ij j^[_h [Ăš[Yj_l[d[ii" and 15 of these were run at Kingâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s. â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;One, which aimed to teach science undergraduates to approach practical classes in the laboratory as research, involved biochemistry students in designing the projects they undertook, rather than leaving them to passively complete assignments given to them by lecturersâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;, Professor Blackmore says.

A summary report on the project has now been published, and a Festival of Learning was held at Kingâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s in September 2010. It included lectures by speakers from universities in Chicago, Hong Kong and Aberdeen, and seminars showcasing the work at Kingâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s and Warwick. See www.kingswarwick.org

about developing personal qualities and understanding of oneself, and about deepening oneâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s understanding of society and world issues. Kingâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s is a truly international community of scholars and students: a mix which brings a global dimension to the everyday experience of studying here. More than a quarter of Kingâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s students are from overseas, with over 10 per cent coming from the EU and over 16 per cent from other countries. We also enable students to study languages, whatever their chosen discipline, as well as to study abroad in one of our partner institutions or to have an internship either in a global organisation in the UK or abroad. We believe that this environment and the opportunities to study abroad also help our students in the workplace.

Q: How is Kingâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s listening and responding to student feedback about learning and teaching?

A I spend a great deal of my time talking with students and hearing about their experiences. We have a strong culture of working in partnership with our students to enhance the experience they have at Kingâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s. We work closely with the Studentsâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; 8QLRQ .&/68 RQ PDQ\ GLĆŠHUHQW SURMHFWV including student representation and the 55

MAJOR NICHOLAS DYMOND

PHIL SAYER

REPORT 18

War zone learning The Department of War Studiesâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; masterâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s degrees on â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;War in the Modern Worldâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; and â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;Air Power in the Modern Worldâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; are, explains AnneLucie Norton, their Executive Director, â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;delivered to your computer, any computer, wherever you happen to beâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;. The programmes give students â&#x20AC;&#x201C; including members of the Armed Forces who have taken them while actually serving in a combat zone â&#x20AC;&#x201C; an understanding of military campaigns, operations and security issues from 1945 to the present ZWo$ J^[o [gk_f j^[c je [d]W][ Yh_j_YWbbo m_j^ iY^ebWhbo Z[XWj[ WXekj the conduct and nature of contemporary warfare. The courses are ^_]^bo Ă&#x201D;[n_Xb[" WdZ cWa[ ki[ e\ j^[ bWj[ij b[Whd_d] j[Y^debe]_[i je [dWXb[ participants to engage in tutorials and online debates in a worldwide community of scholars, wherever they may be.

See www.kcl.ac.uk/wimw

development of learning spaces. The student YRLFH LV KHDUG WKURXJK PDQ\ GLĆŠHUHQW mechanisms, including representation on committees, student surveys and Principalâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s lunches for students, and student views are sought on major developments. Kingâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s students care about their College and it is particularly satisfying when we work together to take forward their suggestions.

Q: How is Kingâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s engaging its students in the process of curriculum innovation?

A We have a number of ways to ensure student representation in the work of the College. I meet regularly with a network of â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;course representativesâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; who can comment in particular detail on their own programmes. Students are involved in the development of new programmes and the monitoring and reviewing of existing programmes. Their views on their learning feed into any enhancements that are planned and implemented. Students were closely involved in the Kingâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s-Warwick project which has looked at curriculum innovation worldwide, with a view to making recommendations for innovation and development. The views of students are paramount for our understanding of how they learn, and particularly how they engage with e-technology as part of learning.

56

Q: Is Kingâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s making any special investment in infrastructure for teaching and learning?

A We have an ongoing need to maintain our teaching spaces. Kingâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s has a very large estate, including many listed buildings. The challenges and opportunities in creating D VW FHQWXU\ OHDUQLQJ HQYLURQPHQW DUH substantial. I am delighted to be leading a SURMHFW ZLWK VRPH e PLOOLRQ LQYHVWPHQW LQ upgrading teaching rooms, with state of the art audio-visual equipment and technology, and the creation of new â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;learning hubsâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; which integrate traditional libraries with computing, informal and group working and catering. Stakeholders, including students, are closely aligned with the creation of these ideas and with their implementation. We hope that this will help us to keep pace with the changing needs of our student body and I very much look forward to bringing the new spaces into use.

Q: How do these developments apply to postgraduate taught and research students?

A Nearly a third of our students are graduate students studying for a masters RU 3K' .LQJĹ&#x203A;V HVWDEOLVKHG D FROOHJH ZLGH *UDGXDWH 6FKRRO LQ WR HQVXUH WKDW the needs of our graduate students are

Q: What is the Collegeâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s aim for teaching and learning in the next 10 years?

A Building on our traditions of excellence, I believe we have already started a number of initiatives to enhance the student experience in every sense. Students are a key part of the Kingâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s community and we must continue to place them at the heart of everything we do. We will continue to provide an excellent learning experience for our students: one which will develop WKHP WR EH OHDGHUV LQ WKHLU FKRVHQ ĆŞHOGV and valuable citizens of the world. They will have been taught by world academic experts, and will have experienced innovative pedagogy which blends the best of classroom-based learning with the EHVW WKDW WHFKQRORJ\ FDQ RĆŠHU WR HQKDQFH that learning. Kingâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s will be welcoming to students from diverse backgrounds and will be known around the world not only for its research excellence but also for its educational excellence and innovation. In 10 yearsâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; time we hope that we will also welcome back some of our current students and alumni to continue their academic development at Kingâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s.

Student satisfaction increases In the 2010 National Student Survey, published in August 2010, studentsâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; satisfaction with their studies at Kingâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s increased from 83 to 86 per cent, while the national satisfaction score remained at 82 per cent. Published annually by the Higher Education Funding Council for England, the latest ikhl[o h[Ă&#x201D;[Yj[Z j^[ l_[mi e\ (+("&&& Ă&#x201C;dWb o[Wh ijkZ[dji$ 7j A_d]Ă&#x160;i j^[h[ were particular improvements in studentsâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; satisfaction with physics, ^_ijeho" Ă&#x201C;bc ijkZ_[i" ?X[h_Wd ijkZ_[i" ceb[YkbWh X_ebe]o" f^_beief^o" medicine and dentistry.

Professor Leinonen commented: â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;Despite the economic pressures on universities, giving our students the best possible learning experience while they are at Kingâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s is of the highest priority. We are delighted that this o[WhĂ&#x160;i Ă&#x201C;dWb_iji Wh[ el[hWbb ceh[ iWj_iĂ&#x201C;[Z j^Wd bWij o[WhĂ&#x160;i" Xkj m[ medĂ&#x160;j X[ complacent. Where we have not performed as well as we would like, we will be investing strategically and monitoring improvement.â&#x20AC;&#x2122;

PHIL SAYER

fully met. The key for any PhD student is their supervision, and being a researchLQWHQVLYH XQLYHUVLW\ DOORZV .LQJĹ&#x203A;V WR RĆŠHU its PhD students supervisors who are at the leading edge of their disciplines. We have also created the Researcher Development Programme which is made up of over 200 training opportunities to help PhD students write better theses, develop their skills and attributes, and become more employable. Some of this is delivered through courses and some through one-toone coaching with experts such as the two Royal Literary Fund Writing Fellows and the careers advisor who are based in the Graduate School. These developments, as well as graduate-only facilities such as graduate zones in libraries, and the continuing professional development of our PhD supervisors, all contribute to the exceptional completion rates we have for PhDs, especially amongst international students. We are also committed to the LQWHUQDWLRQDOLVDWLRQ DJHQGD RĆŠHULQJ MRLQW PhDs with some of our partner institutions, travel grants to visit those partners, and a range of free language courses delivered by the Modern Language Centre.

CONOR MASTERSON

REPORT 18

+-

Student diary

REPORT 18

STUDENT DIARY 2009-­10 Ryan Wain, President of Kingâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s College London Studentsâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; Union (KCLSU), describes the year from the student point of view.

Melodically-­minded

â&#x20AC;Ś the University of London Battle of the Big Bands â&#x20AC;Ś

T

KH DXWXPQ WHUP JRW RĆŠ WR D EDQJ ZLWK .&/68 playing host to our Welcome Fair (essentially a posh term for a â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;Freshersâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; Fairâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;) â&#x20AC;&#x201C; the largest in modern memory. Situated in Waterloo and housed in an extraordinary tent, complete with its own lift, garden and Harry Potter-esque atmosphere, the fair attracted over 6,000 new and returning students, all of whom relished the cultural, VSRUWLQJ DQG VRFLHWDO RĆŠHULQJV RQ GLVSOD\ Over the course of the last academic year, our student activity groups have continued WR DPD]H ZLWK D QXPEHU RI LQGLYLGXDOV serving the student body (all the while completing full-time studies) through their roles as committee members of the Unionâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s various societies. The task of singling out particular highlights is like asking a Beatles fan to name just the one of the Fab Four they prefer. But, as brevity is key, we can SD\ KRPDJH WR WKH -D]] 6RFLHW\ ZKR ZHUH WKH YHU\ ĆŞUVW ZLQQHUV RI WKH Ĺ&#x161;8QLYHUVLW\ RI London Battle of the Big Bandsâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;; a fantastic achievement for a society that has only been in existence for a matter of months.

58

â&#x20AC;Ś wine glasses were swapped for weights â&#x20AC;Ś

Staying with the music theme, a collection RI EXUO\ PHQ TXLFNO\ ZRQ WKH KHDUWV of many in our historic institution, as the all-male acappella singing group All the Kingâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Men (see page 31). This collection of FKDUPLQJ ĆŞUVW \HDU VWXGHQWV RXW SHUIRUPHG and outclassed their less-originally-named contemporaries from Oxford, In the Blue, LQ WKH LQDXJXUDO Ĺ&#x161;$FDSHOOD RĆŠĹ&#x203A; DW WKH Edinburgh Fringe Festival. Alarmingly, our melodically-minded students read an array of subjects at Kingâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s, ranging from languages to law, and perform in a multitude of musical guises. .&/68 DOVR FRQĆŞUPHG WR WKH VWXGHQW population what many had long suspected: .LQJĹ&#x203A;V VWXGHQWV DUH ĆŞW ,Q D \HDU ORQJ endeavour, simply titled â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;The FIT Campaignâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;, we set out with a single mission: to prove that exercise, healthy eating and sensible drinking habits were accessible to all. A concerted poster campaign informed students of the perils which excessive alcohol consumption can bring, attracting widespread praise and a raising awareness amongst many who had in the past treated the bar a little too liberally, whilst wine glasses were swapped for weights as Kinetic Gym racked up more usage hours than ever before.

Student diary

REPORT 18

â&#x20AC;Ś the hurdles many face in simply getting involved â&#x20AC;Ś

ILLUSTRATIONS BY BELLE MELLOR

Sport for all Running alongside this was the FRPSOHPHQWDU\ Ĺ&#x161;$FFHVV 6SRUWĹ&#x203A; HĆŠRUW ZKLFK recognised the hurdles many face in simply JHWWLQJ LQYROYHG RQ WKH SLWFK WUDFN RU ĆŞHOG Operating under the mantra that all should be able to play, regardless of pay (or ability), the KCLSU sports teams opened their doors to the many through a series of free events.

Hosted at the specialist indoor sporting arena, T47, the programme attracted over 3,000 students, who between them spent a hearty amount of time undertaking sports such as netball, football and (for the distinctly original) dodge ball. A particular highlight was the positive feedback received from the women-only events, which enabled young females to partake in any number of sporting ventures; who in the past, as a result of personal, cultural or other reasons, had previously felt unable to do so. ,Q D SOHDVDQW UHĆŤHFWLRQ RI RXU EULOOLDQWO\ diverse student body, our cultural and religious societies were again hard at work, with a number of successful events being put on to educate on issues such as interfaith, religious and cultural festivals. Our USA Society brought in the crowds as they turned the Waterfront into an all-star $PHULFDQ 'LQHU WHDULQJ XS WKH PHQX WR LQWURGXFH RQH RĆŠ GLVKHV RI SXPSNLQ SLH and turkey roasts, in an attempt to bring a ĆŤDYRXU RI 7KDQNVJLYLQJ WR /RQGRQ 7KLV HĆŠRUW ZDV IROORZHG ODWHU LQ WKH \HDU E\ D tiring â&#x20AC;&#x201C; but very rewarding â&#x20AC;&#x201C; showing of the 6XSHUERZO ZLWK EDU VWDĆŠ GHPRQVWUDWLQJ an uncanny ability to last the pace, serving IRRG DQG EHYHUDJHV XQWLO ĆŞYH RĹ&#x203A;FORFN LQ WKH morning. The adventures of the Waterfront didnâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t just stop in the West either, as a FRQFHUWHG HĆŠRUW JDYH RXU VWXGHQWV WKH opportunity to bring in the Chinese New <HDU ZLWK D UHĆŤHFWLYH FXLVLQH DQG D QXPEHU RI FXVWRPDU\ &KLQHVH DFWLYLWLHV RQ RĆŠHU

:H VHW RXW ZLWK D VLQJOH PLVVLRQ WR SURYH WKDW H[HUFLVH KHDOWK\ HDWLQJ DQG VHQVLEOH HDWLQJ KDELWV ZHUH DFFHVVLEOH WR DOO

â&#x20AC;Ś women-­only events â&#x20AC;Ś

59

Student diary

REPORT 18

Unlocking London 6WD\LQJ ZLWK WKH LQWHUQDWLRQDO ĆŤDYRXU VWDĆŠ DQG RĆŹFHUV DW .&/68 DUPHG WKHPVHOYHV with the unenviable task of â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;Unlocking Londonâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;: arranging a series of cultural activities for international students studying at Kingâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s. Nearly 600 students took part in the trips, experiencing Hamlet in all his madness at the Globe Theatre, navigating the Thames on a party boat, and testing the limits of their hand-eye co-ordination (with some failings) on the Somerset House Ice Skate rink, amongst other things. Many of these students also joined our British students as our venues played host to the World Cup, with all the action from South Africa permeating our bars.

'HVSLWH (QJODQGĹ&#x203A;V GLVPDO SHUIRUPDQFH WKH 8QLRQ HQMR\HG D VWHDG\ ĆŤRZ RI SXQWHUV DOO desperate to cheer on their home nations, with the Spanish contingent ensuring that their victory was heard, understood and appreciated by all around the College. .&/68 FRQWLQXHG WR UHĆŤHFW WKH Collegeâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s aim of â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;service to societyâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; and this was epitomised in KCLSUâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s registration with the Charity Commission, earning the prestigious, albeit long-winded, title of â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;Independent Registered Charityâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;.

â&#x20AC;Ś unlocking London â&#x20AC;Ś

Ĺ&#x161;8QORFNLQJ /RQGRQĹ&#x203A;ĹŁ D VHULHV RI FXOWXUDO DFWLYLWLHV IRU LQWHUQDWLRQDO VWXGHQWV VWXG\LQJ DW .LQJĹ&#x203A;V Ĺ&#x203A;

The prerequisite for such a move was that .&/68 SURYLGHG Ĺ&#x161;D SXEOLF EHQHĆŞWĹ&#x203A; DQG this is nowhere more evident than in the organisationâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;Community Engagement )XQGĹ&#x203A; ZKLFK VDZ e GLVWULEXWHG WR ĆŞYH student groups to fund their communityfocused projects. From volunteering at a football tournament for homeless people, to providing a health awareness event for local Bangladeshis in Tower Hamlets, more than 100 students took part, and more than 650 FRPPXQLW\ PHPEHUV EHQHĆŞWWHG

Ballot box ILLUSTRATIONS BY BELLE MELLOR

Finally, the year ended with the wider student body granting their approval to WKH ZRUN RI WKH VWXGHQW RĆŹFHUV YLD WKH EDOORW ER[ 2YHU YRWHV ZHUH FDVW LQ WKH RĆŹFHU HOHFWLRQV ZLWK P\VHOI 1DWDVKD :\QDUF]\N DQG (PLOLH 7DSSLQJ EHLQJ successfully re-elected, whilst a fourth member, Kia Alam, made a great addition to the team as Vice-President for Student Activities and Facilities.

$OO LQ DOO D JUHDW \HDU DQG ORQJ PD\ WKH ĆŞQH ZRUN RI RXU VWXGHQWV FRQWLQXH

â&#x20AC;Ś bring in the Chinese New Year â&#x20AC;Ś

60

FACTS & FIGURES Undergraduate

Law

Graduate Taught Graduate Research

Institute of Psychiatry

Kingâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Learning Institute

Medicine

English Language Centre

Dental Institute

Nursing & Midwifery

Physical Sciences & Engineering Biomedical & Health Sciences

These diagrams are inspired by the type of chart pioneered

by Florence Nightingale (see page 15). Our thanks to Harriet Grayson for the calculations.

Arts & Humanities

Social Science & Public Policy

STUDENTS IN SCHOOLS OF STUDY 2009-­10 Headcount on 1 December 2009 SCHOOL

CAMPUS

NUMBER OF STUDENTS Undergraduate

Graduate

Total

%

Taught Research Arts & Humanities

Strand

Biomedical & Health Sciences

Guyâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s, Waterloo

Dental Institute

Guyâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s, Denmark Hill, Strand, St Thomasâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;, Waterloo

801

195

59

1,055

4.6

English Language Centre

Strand

Institute of Psychiatry

Denmark Hill

Kingâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Learning Institute

Waterloo

Law

Strand

Medicine

Guyâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s, Denmark Hill, St Thomasâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;

Nursing & Midwifery

Waterloo

Physical Sciences & Engineering

Strand

Social Science & Public Policy

Strand, Waterloo

6,590

8,609 2,019

22,846

100

Total graduate students GRAND TOTAL

14,237

61

<WYji Ă&#x201C;]kh[i

REPORT 18

<WYji Ó]kh[i

REPORT 18

Female Undergraduate

Male Undergraduate

Female Graduate Taught

Male Graduate Taught

Female Graduate Research

Male Graduate Research

STUDENT NUMBERS BY GENDER 2009-­10 GENDER

UNDERGRADUATE

Female

8,986

Male TOTAL

GRADUATE JWk]^j

H[i[WhY^

Total

%

3,766

1,075

13,827

60.5

5,251

2,824

944

9,019

39.5

14,237

6,590

2,019

22,846

100

40-­49

50 and el[h 30-­39

Undergraduate Graduate Taught Graduate Research

20 and kdZ[h 21-­29

STUDENT NUMBERS BY AGE 2009-­10 AGE

UNDERGRADUATE

GRADUATE Total

%

10,150

JWk]^j 40

2

10,192

44.6

21-29

2,594

3,923

1,151

7,668

33.6

30-39

926

1,666

563

3,155

13.8

40-49

436

733

198

1,367

6.0

50 and over

131

228

105

464

2.0

14,237

6,590

2,019

22,846

100

20 and under

TOTAL

62

H[i[WhY^

<WYji Ă&#x201C;]kh[i

REPORT 18

STAFF NUMBERS 2009-­10 %

Other staff

TOTAL

5,542

100

Academic and research staff

STUDENTS IN HALLS OF RESIDENCE 2009-­10 %

Kingâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s students in University of London intercollegiate residences

Kingâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s students in Liberty Living accommodation

110

3.3

3,321

100

Kingâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s students in College residences

TOTAL

STUDENTSâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; COUNTRY OF DOMICILE 2009-­10 % United Kingdom

16,699

73.1

European Union

3,745

16.4

22,846

100

Other countries TOTAL

63

Finances

REPORT 18

FINANCES

INCOME & EXPENDITURE for the year ended 31 July 2010. ?d (&'& A_d]Ă&#x160;i W]W_d h[Y[_l[Z W Ă&#x201C;dWdY_Wb Yh[Z_j hWj_d] e\ Ă&#x2030;77Ă&#x160; \hec IjWdZWhZ FeehĂ&#x160;i$

2009-­10

2008-9

ÂŁ000

ÂŁ000

Total income

151,889 118,400 144,053 87,090 6,613 508,045

303,084

Total expenditure

314,928 146,679 23,476 12,499 497,582

10,463 2

739

10,461

734

INCOME Funding body grants Tuition fees and education contracts Research grants and contracts Other operating income Endowment and investment income

100,480 134,955 88,197 11,783

EXPENDITURE Staff costs Other operating expenses Depreciation Interest payable

Surplus on ordinary activities Taxation Surplus after depreciation of assets at cost and tax

64

147,503

484,883

5

REPORT 18

Acknowledgements

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS We are grateful to all those who have generously supported the College over the last academic year. Support from individuals, grant-making trusts and other organisations has opened up new areas for clinical and academic research, established scholarship opportunities for our students, and created new academic posts and better facilities. We thank all our supporters (including those who prefer WR UHPDLQ DQRQ\PRXV ZKR DUH KHOSLQJ XV WR IXOĆŞO RXU YLVLRQ IRU WKH &ROOHJH In particular, we warmly acknowledge the exceptional support of the following: Action Medical Research Arthritis Research UK Association for International Cancer Research Association MonĂŠgasque contre les Myopathies Asthma UK The Atkin Foundation ALFREDO FALVO

The Atlantic Philanthropies Mrs Bertha Bekhor Big Lottery Fund Breakthrough Breast Cancer Breast Cancer Campaign

KCL Radio is now live.

Annual Fund puts students on the air

British Heart Foundation Cancer Research UK Carnegie Corporation of New York CHDI Foundation, Inc.& High Q Foundation, Inc. Mrs Maryann Cochrane Crohnâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s & Colitis UK DEBRA International Department of Health Diabetes UK Dimbleby Cancer Care The Dinwoodie (1968) Settlement Mr Bill Dodwell Economic Community of West African States

7KDQNV WR WKH FRQWLQXHG VXSSRUW RI .LQJĹ&#x203A;V DOXPQL VWDĆŠ DQG IULHQGV this year the Annual Fund awarded over ÂŁ290,000 to a variety of LQLWLDWLYHV WR EHQHĆŞW VWXGHQWV DFURVV WKH &ROOHJH 7KH $QQXDO )XQG which depends on the generosity of individual donations, supports projects which provide students with opportunities to enhance their experience and helps maintain Kingâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s as a centre of educational H[FHOOHQFH 7KH VWXGHQWV RI WKH KCL Radio and Podcasting Society were DZDUGHG e WR FUHDWH WKH &ROOHJHĹ&#x203A;V ĆŞUVW OLYH RQOLQH EURDGFDVWLQJ UDGLR VWDWLRQ DQG RQ GHPDQG PHGLD VWDWLRQ 7KLV SURMHFW ZLOO enable students to gain valuable training in all aspects of broadcast journalism through the use of industry-standard equipment and software, as well as providing Kingâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s with a powerful communication FKDQQHO

Elimination of Leukaemia Fund Dr Paul Ellis EspĂ­rito Santo Financial Group Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation The John & Lucille van Geest Foundation Genzyme Europe B.V. GlaxoSmithKline Research and Development Ltd NICK WOOD

The late Mrs Corinne Graham Guyâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s & St Thomasâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; Charity The late Mr Raphael Honnor Humanities in the European Research Area Juvenile Diabetes Research Foundation International Kay Kendall Leukaemia Fund Kidney Research UK Kids Company Kingâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s College Hospital Charity Kingâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust The Kingâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Medical Research Trust (KMRT) Alicia Koplowitz Foundation

Somerset House East Wing.

Willieâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Common Room Thanks to the generosity of Mr William Kwan (Law, 1959) a new space for undergraduate students will be created in the Somerset House East Wing (see page 49) to promote social interaction and the VKDULQJ RI NQRZOHGJH EHWZHHQ VWXGHQWV Ĺ&#x161;:LOOLHĹ&#x203A;V &RPPRQ 5RRP for Law Studentsâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; will also support the activities of the Kingâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Law Society, the Bar Society and other law clubs, by providing them ZLWK D FHQWUDO PHHWLQJ ORFDWLRQ 65

REPORT 18

Acknowledgements

Mr William Kwan FKC & Mrs Irene Kwan Mr Him Lee Leukaemia & Lymphoma Research Dr Bertrand Leung A G Leventis Foundation Leverhulme Trust The late Mrs Joan Lewin MBE Dr Abraham Lue, Assistant Principal Emeritus of Kingâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s.

Mr Peter Lineham AKC Dr Zudong Liu Mr Terence Lo

Chinese Entrepreneurship

The London Law Trust

The Kingâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s China Institute, founded in 2008, provides a focal point IRU WKH VWXG\ SURPRWLRQ DQG XQGHUVWDQGLQJ RI &KLQHVH VRFLHW\ DQG FXOWXUH 7KH ,QVWLWXWH FR RUGLQDWHV DQG GHYHORSV &KLQD UHODWHG UHVHDUFK DQG &KLQHVH IRFXVHG VWXG\ ZKLOVW EXLOGLQJ OLQNV ZLWK &KLQHVH RUJDQLVDWLRQV LQ HGXFDWLRQ WKH FXOWXUDO DQG FUHDWLYH VHFWRUV EXVLQHVV DQG JRYHUQPHQW $ IRUPHU .LQJĹ&#x203A;V VWXGHQW ZKR ZLVKHV WR remain anonymous, has given ÂŁ750,000 to create the Dr Abraham /XH /HFWXUHVKLS LQ &KLQHVH (QWUHSUHQHXUVKLS EDVHG LQ WKH ,QVWLWXWH %HOLHYHG WR EH WKH ĆŞUVW SRVW RI LWV NLQG DW D %ULWLVK XQLYHUVLW\ DW WKH request of the donor the lectureship has been named in honour of Dr /XH QRZ (PHULWXV $VVLVWDQW 3ULQFLSDO RI WKH &ROOHJH LQ UHFRJQLWLRQ of his dedicated support and mentoring of Kingâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s students from 6RXWK (DVW $VLD

The late Revd Donald Membery AKC

The late Mr John McLean OBE FKC Mrs Erica Mitsidis Motor Neurone Disease Association Multiple Sclerosis Society Muscular Dystrophy Campaign Myeloma UK Stavros Niarchos Foundation Oak Foundation The Panacea Society Parkinsonâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Disease Society The Peltz Trust 3ĆŞ]HU ,QF

DEVEREUX ARCHITECTS/ALLIES & MORRISON

Philips Medical Systems Nederland B.V. Philips Healthcare Psychiatry Research Trust Remedi Smith Richardson Foundation Inc Dr Maurice Rothschild 'U 6KDĆŞN 6DFKHGLQD Architectâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s impression of the Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute.

Chair in Neurological Stroke Pioneering stroke research is being undertaken within Kingâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s by a unique multidisciplinary research group of established researchers ZLWK H[SHUWLVH LQ YDULRXV DVSHFWV RI VWURNH UHVHDUFK 5HVHDUFKHUV DW Kingâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s have published over 250 peer-reviewed papers on this subject DQG KDYH XQGHUWDNHQ KLJK SURĆŞOH VWXGLHV ZKLFK KDYH FRQWULEXWHG WR QDWLRQDO DQG LQWHUQDWLRQDO JXLGDQFH RQ VWURNHV .LQJĹ&#x203A;V QRZ SODQV to develop a Centre of Excellence ZKLFK ZLOO KHOS WKH &ROOHJH WRZDUGV becoming a world leader in stroke-related research, training and FOLQLFDO FDUH 0DMRU VXSSRUW IURP 7KH 6FKURGHU )RXQGDWLRQ KDV HQDEOHG WKH &ROOHJH WR HVWDEOLVK D QHZ &KDLU LQ 1HXURORJLFDO 6WURNH which will play a central role in delivering a cutting-edge research SURJUDPPH

Mrs Lily Safra FKC The Edmond J. Safra Philanthropic Foundation St. Thomasâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; Lupus Trust Santander Universities Cicely Saunders International The Schroder Foundation Dr Angela Scott The Henry Smith Charity South London & Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust Sir Halley Stewart Trust The Stroke Association Mr Henry Sweetbaum Teenage Cancer Trust The late Miss Norah Thomas Tommyâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s The Baby Charity The late Mrs Diana Trebble Volkswagen Stiftung The Waterloo Foundation Wellcome Trust Maurice Wohl Charitable Foundation The Wolfson Foundation Mr Dieter Yih FKC

66

The Report was printed using environmental print technologies such as vegetable based printing ink and low alcohol damping on press and conforms to ISO '*&&' Y[hj_Ă&#x201C;YWj_ed$ J^[ fWf[h was manufactured using environmentally friendly processes, from sustainable and renewable sources, and is ECF-acid free. In excess of 95 per cent of waste products from the printing process were recycled.

;l[ho [Ăšehj ^Wi X[[d cWZ[ to contact all copyright holders. The publishers will be glad to make good in future any errors or omissions brought to their attention.

Report