Parks & Recreation 2019 Aquatics Guide

AQ UAT I C S G U I D E 2019 W W W. N R PA . O R G

2019 AQUATICS GUIDE

Inclusive Aquatic Play | Developing Aquatic Leaders | New Splash Pad Certification

The Future of Water Testing Pool Operators | Service Technicians WaterLink

Sp nTouch

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WaterLink® Spin Touch® LaMotte Company recently received NSF/ANSI 50 certification level L1 on the WaterLink® SpinTouch® water analyzer designed for pool operators and service professionals. The WaterLink® SpinTouch® uses patented centrifugal fluidics photometry to measure up to 10 different tests in only 60 seconds. All the tests results can be viewed on the full-color touchscreen display or transferred into the LaMotte water analysis software program. To learn more about this innovation or the device certification visit www.waterlinkspintouch.com.      

Centrifugal Fluidics Photometry

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Legionella Field Test Kit The new rapid Legionella Field Test Kit (order code 7-2100) 00) has been designed to detect Legionella pneumophila serogroup 1 in hot tubs, pools, cooling towers and many n other water applications. This easy to use, on-site test can detect down to 100 CFU/L and only takes 25 minutes for the result. The quick test reduces long delays and downtime with utes, straightforward results to determine water safety in minutes, instead of days. To learn more about this field test kit visitt www.lamotte.com/legionella.  Detects Legionella pneumophila serogroup 1 (LpSG1))  Measures to 100 CFU/L (0.1 CFU/mL)  Results on-site in just 25 minutes  Minimizes delays and down time WaterLink® Spin Touch®

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Pre-measured reagents Results in 60 seconds No guessing Rugged and portable Stores test date, time and results Reliable results

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WaterLink® SpinTouch® Lab

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he LaMotte Company recently received NSF/ANSI 50 certification level L1 on the innovative WaterLink® SpinTouch® photometer, designed to be used by pool operators and service professionals. All tests results can be viewed on the full-color touchscreen display or can be transferred into the WaterLink® Solutions analysis program. Each sealed reagent disk contains the precise amount of reagent needed to run a complete series of tests. Just fill one unique spin reagent disk with less than 3 milliliters of water and all your vital tests are done automatically. The precise WaterLink® SpinTouch® with centrifugal fluidics photometry can measure 10 different tests in just 60 seconds.

This is the most advanced system for precise use of wet chemistry methods ever produced! Now, pool and spa analysts can achieve precision without time-consuming test and cleanup procedures. This groundbreaking analysis system is so simple anyone can use it! No vials to fill, no prep time, no guessing! To learn more about this innovative lab, visit www.waterlinkspintouch.com.

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Contents FEATURES

COMPANY PROFILES

4 The Importance of AFO Certification

1 LaMotte 2 Waterpark Tech 3 Aquatix 5 Aquatic Design Group 7 Lincoln Aquatics 11 Rocky Mountain Sunscreen 13 Waterplay Solutions 15 Life Floor 17 Water Odyssey 21 AquaWorx 25 Spectrum Aquatics 31 WhiteWater

8 Understanding the Elements of Inclusive Sensory Aquatic Play 18 Drownings in Pools with Lifeguards on Duty 22 Developing Exceptional Aquatic Leaders 26 The ‘Killer in Our River’ – Understanding Safety Around Dams 30 Keeping Splash Pads Fun and Safe

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One Source for all your Water Park Maintenance

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Waterpark Tech C

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Parks & Recreation

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reative Polymers Inc., a St. Louis, Missouri-based coatings manufacturer, is introducing our high-performance coatings for the waterpark market. The Waterpark Tech website houses the product line of Creative Polymers that focuses on the pool, waterpark and leisure industry, offering coatings for waterslides, pools and decking and providing a one-stop shop for all waterpark needs. Our high-performance coatings, based on the latest polyurethane technology, are designed to have high chlorine, UV and abrasion resistance. These coatings and other waterpark theming elements, like floatable items, rock and safety features, are available on our e-commerce site, www.waterparktech.com.

The products are created for do-it-yourself, but we also offer a nationwide contractor network. The products have been tested and approved for long-term performance.

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Aquatix

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un and water go together like kids and play. Creating the perfect spot where friends can gather, cool off and experience the wonders of playing in water. Aquatix

by Landscape Structures leads the way. Pioneering experiential activities around the interactive properties of water, we invite kids and family members of all ages and abilities to immerse themselves in the brilliance of an Aquatix water experience.

With more than 30 years of experience, Aquatix, based in Eden Prairie, Minnesota, is a leader in water feature and spraypark design, fabrication and construction. The company designs and manufactures products

and systems for easy maintenance and long-lasting value. But it’s innovative concepts and groundbreaking design that truly set Aquatix apart.

Our dynamic aqua play products engage kids’ imaginations, encourage exploration and deliver surprising new experiences with water.

Aquatix continues to advance the world of dynamic aqua play with imaginative designs — achieving new levels of chilling thrills, challenging interactive games and inventive water-based activities. The HydraHub1 and HydraHub2 inspire active play among children of all ages. A combination of interactive products, including HydroCannons, VersoSplash®, slides and more deliver fluid fun that’s full of surprises.

The AquaGather Station is an interactive water table that encourages

kids of all ages and abilities to socialize while they discover the many possibilities of cause and effect. The AquaGather Station, fun and functional for all individuals, centers on a bubbler, which pushes water up to form a pool that kids control onto activity tables — TopoFlow, PuzzlePath and SplashFlash — below.

Learn more about these new aqua play products by visiting aquatix. playlsi.com. While there, browse our virtual catalog (https://tinyurl.com/ ydalhhb8) and request a copy (aquatix. playlsi.com/contact-us/) of your own. aquatix.playlsi.com 877.632.0503

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The Importance of AFO Certification “With a universal standard set by the AFO program, our customers can feel confident knowing our facilities are operating at the highest standards and safety practices.”

— Jende SmithSmith, AFO, AFOI

S

wimming pool equipment is becoming more complex, and with different states reviewing their swimming pool regulations, the importance of having an AFO on staff has never been greater.

When you become sick or injured, are you comfortable seeking medical attention to get well? We seek medical advice because physicians spend years studying and practicing their profession. They also need to continue to study to stay up to date on the different illnesses and treatments. We put our confidence in them to be able to troubleshoot our illness or injury and to prescribe a treatment to make us better.

AFOs are like the physicians of their aquatic facility. They troubleshoot problems that arise with the swimming pool and also implement a preventive maintenance plan to ensure that guests can enjoy a safe, friendly environment. And, like physicians, AFOs need to continue to study to stay up to date on the ever-changing complex swimming pool systems and aquatic industry.

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Armando Esparaza, AFO, AFOI, with Aquatics by Armando in North Highlands, California, says that one of the most important aspects of the training is that it stresses the need to maintain a safe environment for the users. He shares the following list of other important aspects of the training: • Helps an operator understand how an ideal chlorine level keeps swimming pool water free of disease • Shows how an ideal pH helps chlorine sanitize water properly and all the concepts associated with the mechanical systems • Explains how different types of swimming pools are designed • Outlines how to put together a preventative maintenance program for all of the equipment associated with an aquatic facility Having an AFO on staff “provides an aquatic facility with the knowledge and resources required to maintain a safe, healthy, efficient and fun environment,” says Guy Mayo, AFO, AFOI, with Sunbelt Pools, Inc., in Dallas, Texas. “This certification and knowledge,” he adds, “is gained by a first-class learning environment during an AFO class specializing in a systems-wide approach, which allows the AFO to be the most effective manager in the aquatics industry.”

Bob Bradley, AFO, AFOI, who has 40 years of experience in the industry, gives back by being an AFO instructor. “Teaching

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PHOTOS © LASTDAYS1 | DREAMSTIME.COM

By Brad Anderson

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Aquatic Design Group

F

or more than 35 years, Aquatic Design Group has set the standard for quality design and consulting services within the aquatics industry. Our goal is to provide this service with dedication and commitment to the highest possible level of customer satisfaction, delivered in a professional manner by a team of talented individuals who love what they do. Let us help bring your vision to reality.

aquaticdesigngroup.com 800.938.0542

aquaticdesigngroup.com \ 800.938.0542 SAN DIEGO \ WASHINGTON, D.C.

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AFO keeps me in touch with the current challenges and issues of operators from around the region and the country,” he says. “The AFO course is dynamic, with regular updates of the manual, course and exam as the technology and knowledge base changes. Bringing the latest information and solutions to real-world challenges makes teaching AFO enjoyable as an instructor and valuable to the participants.” Bradley also sees it as an opportunity to build aquatic operator networks between course participants.

Becoming AFO Certified There are a few steps needed to 6

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become AFO certified. First, there must be a desire to further one’s education and to become more knowledgeable in the field of aquatics. The first chapter of the seventh edition of the AFO manual lists the qualifications and attributes required to perform AFO duties and is a good example of the skill set needed to operate an aquatic facility: • Comprehension of all basic design, mechanical and operational concepts involved in the functioning of an institutional/commercial swimming pool • Familiarity with all systems, equipment and peripherals that

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are required to contain, circulate, filter, heat and treat swimming pool water • The ability to perform preventive maintenance and basic repair on such equipment • The ability to describe and direct work required for major maintenance or replacement • A functional understanding of swimming pool water chemistry as it pertains to disinfection, water clarity, physical preservation of the facility, pool shell and assurance of bather comfort and health • Proficiency in all related concepts for the assurance of patron and employee health and safety, including mechanical equipment operation, chemical handling, lifeguarding principles and emergency protocols • Organizational and managerial skills, to the extent the job requires, and certifications, as required, in skills such as lifeguarding, cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR) and Automated External Defibrillator (AED) use • Solid computer literacy and the ability to program pool chemical controllers; download, parse and store data; and generate preventive maintenance schedules As an AFO, you truly become a Jack or Jill of all trades. The field of aquatics is a very rewarding career that gives a person a sense of belonging to an elite group of individuals.

Those involved truly care about their profession and the guests who visit the aquatic venue.

To find an AFO course near you, visit www.nrpa.org/certification/ AFO/become-an-afo/.

Brad Anderson is the Senior Facility Supervisor – Aquatics for the Englewood, Colorado, Department of Parks, Recreation and Library (banderson@englewoodco.gov).

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Lincoln Aquatics

F

or 65 years, Lincoln Aquatics has been serving commercial pool operators like you!

Our reputation has been built by our knowledgeable staff, by providing customers with prompt personal service, and by carrying the highest quality products available. In addition, it remains our goal to offer those products at the best prices anywhere, delivering you the best value available.

We offer new and improved product selections and better access for faster delivery. No one beats our nationwide distribution capabilities, extensive facilities, fleet of trucks and, most importantly, our knowledgeable people who understand what you want and need. We don’t

just sell the products you purchase from us, we service them too.

Online, Anytime! Order via phone, fax or online — your order is processed, shipped and delivered securely and quickly.

We make it easy to get the answers you need and to request and receive quotes online. Don’t forget, you can review your account history for orders, invoices, quotes and much more online, too. We’re here when you want us!

Our catalog contains the most comprehensive selection of high-quality swimming pool equipment and aquatic supplies available in the in-

dustry today. We have an organized, easyto-use format that helps you quickly locate the products you want. The Lincoln Aquatics name is recognized around the world for providing customers with quality products and superior service at competitive prices.

Choose Lincoln Aquatics; The company you know! We look forward to serving YOU!

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LOOKING OUT for Your Pool

Available through our nationwide shipping locations, Lincoln Aquatics has improved product selections and can now provide you better access to our extensive inventory.

As a long-time supporter of the aquatics community, we look forward to continuing as your supplier of choice for your commercial pool supply needs offering expert advice and prompt, knowledgeable, friendly service.

Visit our website or call us for a copy of our latest catalog. www.lincolnaquatics.com | 800.223.5450

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PHOTOS COURTESY OF RAIN DROP PRODUCTS

Child playing with water feature.

Understanding the Elements of Inclusive Sensory Aquatic Play

By Carla Abreu-Ellis, Ph.D., and Jason Brent Ellis, Ph.D.

T

he concept of inclusion is a simple one: include the widest possible participant-audience with the widest spectrum of ability. However, designing recreational spaces that achieve this goal can be a daunting task. Inclusion revolves around the fact that not all children are what are called the typically developing child. In fact, of the 62.2 million children under the age of 15 accounted for in the 2010 U.S. Census (U.S. Department of Commerce), about 5.2 million or 8.4 percent had some kind of disability (making them non-typical).

The key to meeting the recreational needs of non-typically developing children is allowing for self-regu-

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lation of sensory input. In Sensory Integration and the Child, authors A. Jean Ayres and Jeff Robbins state:

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“Sensory integration is the process of organizing sensory inputs so that the brain produces a useful body response and also useful perceptions, emotions, and thoughts.� In a 2017 article in PALAESTRA, authors Davis, Abdo and Toole explain the importance of providing training on sensory regulation for families of children with autism spectrum disorders. They emphasize the need for self-regulation of sensory infor-

mation to promote higher levels of motor performance and to enhance social interaction.

By nature, designing for inclusion must work toward increasing social integration for non-typically developing children with the outcome of building community. Communal spaces that allow for this social engagement to occur become key.

Authors Solish, Perry and Minnes, in a 2010 article in the Journal of Applied Research in Intellectual Disabilities, note the importance of differentiating when it comes to designing communal spaces. They observe that children with disabilities often experience the benefits of social inclusion and friendship (in the form of passive leisure activities), but do not experience being physically included and are, possibly, still socially excluded from meaningful interactions with peers. This stems from faulty design measures that have not accounted for a wide range of user ability. As such, this fact would lead to building spaces that move away from simple compliance with accessibility legislation to inclusive aquatic play design, which include meaningful multisensory experiences for individuals of all abilities.

This would mean differentiation of planned spaces in the form of varying levels of intensity of sight, sound, touch, vestibular and proprioceptive sensory inputs to enhance the sensory play experience.

water features in bold, high-contrast color and interactive lighting to stimulate the visual senses. For instance, LED rings around certain surface sprays provide a unique visual element as the water changes color along with the LED ring. At the same time, designers must exert caution when using flashing or strobing lights to not trigger photosensitivity (which can trigger seizures) in individuals using the space. Sight may also be stimulated through the choreography of water, working in pre-planned patterns.

Sound Splashing, running water and customized sound effects are all part of the auditory experience in aquatic play. Differentiation can occur in terms of the intensity of the sound, prescribing that there be intensive or loud zones within the aquatic park, but also substantially quieter or calming zones as well. In this manner, individuals with varying levels of sensory integration can self-regulate by moving to an area where they

desire more or less stimulation, depending on their unique individual needs. Custom sound effects provide an optimal form of self-regulation in that the sound output is self-paced and user driven. The individual must intentionally trigger the sensor to have sound played and, at the same time, this discovery teaches a cause-and-effect relationship, which enhances cognitive functioning.

Touch There is a spectrum of tactile experience in aquatic park design and their individual elements. For instance, if all features in an aquatic park were to be fabricated from the same medium (for example, fiberglass) with the same exterior finishing, then all the elements would feel exactly the same — smooth and glossy to the touch. If those features were equipped with multiple types of water sprays, activation buttons and a vibrating motor, then there would be differentiation based on those unique features.

If each fiberglass feature had a

Sight From color to movement, the brain processes this visual input. Inclusive aquatic play must incorporate

Swinging, rocking, spinning, sliding and balancing are among the prominent stimuli that provide vestibular sensory input.

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The bold, high-contrast color and interactive lighting stimulate the visual senses.

riences that have a soothing sheeting effect to the water.

Vestibular The vestibular sense is related to balance, gravity and head positioning (discrimination between acceleration and deceleration of the head).

Swinging, rocking, spinning, sliding and balancing are among the prominent stimuli that provide vestibular sensory input. The biological mechanism of this sense is provided by the human inner ear. Individuals will seek out more or less vestibular input if under or overstimulated.

Those who seek vestibular stimulation will look for opportunities to participate in intense movement activities, while those who feel over-responsive may avoid movement altogether. In aquatic play, these sensory needs can be met through features on which the individual can slide, swing, spin or rock.

Proprioceptive

Some individuals seek intense sensory experiences (water-dumping feature in background) while others seek less intense sensory experiences (foreground).

different surface texture that approximates reality (e.g., feels like bark, coral and sand), then the tactile differentiation provides multiple sensory experiences for all individuals. This also allows individuals who are blind or have 10

Parks & Recreation

low-vision to experience a closer approximation to reality of sensory inputs, making the tactile experience a learning experience.

Another element related to touch in sensory play experiences is water pressure. Some individuals will seek more intense pressure, such as water falling from a large dumping bucket, and others may seek less intense water-pressure based expe-

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Ayres and Robbins define proprioceptive as “the sensory information caused by the contraction and stretching of muscles and by the bending, straightening, pulling and compression of the joints between bones.� This sense relates to movement and body position in space occurring as messages from joints and muscles, and communicates the individual’s sense of space to the other objects in the environment. Heavywork-type physical activities, such as pushing, pulling and climbing that require motor planning skills, enhance this sense. In a splash park, cannon sprays, climbing features, buttons, wheels and other moving

parts work on motor planning and spatial awareness.

Universal Design calls for accessible planning that allows access and participation for all people. What is most important in inclusive aquatic play spaces is that strategic intent be made in the overall design. For example, a giant water-dumping bucket (extensive sensory input) within several feet of a calming zone would constitute faulty execution of keeping zones differentiated in terms of sensory input by space.

With so many sensory inputs occurring simultaneously, designers need to work toward planning for a homogeneous space while including a very heterogeneous group of

References

• Ayres, A.J., & Robbins, J. (2005). Sensory integration and the child: Understanding hidden sensory challenges. Los Angeles: WPS. • Davis, T., Abdo, A.L., & Toole K. (2017). “Sensory motor activities training for families of children with Autism Spectrum Disorders.” Palaestra, 31(3), 35-39.

• Solish, A., Perry, A., & Minnes, P. (2010). “Participation of children with and without disabilities in social, recreational, and leisure activities.” Journal of Applied Research in Intellectual Disabilities, 23, 226-236.

• U.S. Department of Commerce. (2012). Americans With Disabilities: 2010. Retrieved from https://www2.census.gov/library/publications/2012/demo/ p70-131.pdf.

people and their individual sensory needs. Keeping individual needs in mind, in the creation of inclusive aquatic play design it is important to allow for separate zones (active and calming) to ensure individuals can choose where to play based on

self-regulation.

Note: This article was written in consultation with Rain Drop Products.

Carla Abreu-Ellis, Ph.D., is a Professor of Intervention for Ashland University (cellis1@ashland.edu). Jason Brent Ellis, Ph.D., is a Professor of Educational Technology for Ashland University (jbellis@ashland.edu).

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Rocky Mountain Sunscreen R

BULK SUNSCREEN

ocky Mountain Sunscreen offers cost-effective quarts and gallons of broad-spectrum sun protection: an easy solution to an essential aspect of pool safety. Feel the difference with our non-greasy, 80-minute, water-resistant formula!

Trusted since 1992, Rocky Mountain Sunscreen is gluten-free, hypoallergenic, fragrance-free and PABA-free. One gallon has approximately 1,000 applications, making it cost-effective and perfect to keep poolside to protect your staff. Lifeguards, pool patrons and campers alike will appreciate the non-greasy protection.

Rocky Mountain Sunscreen is introducing a new brand called Coral Isles. Both brands have no oxybenzone and no octinoxate, so they are both reef friendly. Coral Isles is the same formula you love, packaged so users feel confident that their choice will not contribute to reef bleaching.

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Dive Into New Opportunities Become a Certified AFO

Aquatic Facility Operator Certification THE MOST COMPREHENSIVE OPERATORS CERTIFICATION Responsible operators understand the entire pool system.

The AFO Certification will prepare your staff to run all types of aquatic facilities safely, efficiently and confidently.

SIGN UP FOR A COURSE NEAR YOU nrpa.org/AFO

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Waterplay Solutions

World leader in forward-thinking aquatic play solutions

S

ince 1987, Waterplay has helped shape thousands of aquatic play spaces around the world. Our full suite of industry leading products provides a complete solution for your next aquatic design project.

Waterplay’s FREESTANDING AQUATIC PLAY collections are comprised of a wide range of play elements with every user in mind.

Each play collection offers creative product and color groupings to tell the story of your play theme. With high-action water cannons and dumping buckets, playful ground sprays, interactive play elements, large soakers, themed characters and nature-inspired features, our product

catalogue has something for every adventure and ability!

ACTIVITY TOWERS are multi-level aquatic play structures that provide captivating visitor experiences for both indoor and outdoor spaces: zero-depth splash pads, pool decks, and sloped entry and wading pools. With a modular design the activity tower adapts easily to space constraints with a full complement of exciting water elements and slides.

Waterplay’s play lines use the playPHASE™ and playCONNECT™ mounting systems to ensure simplified installation, easy maintenance, and to allow future expansion and

reinvention throughout the lifecycle of your project.

Take WATER MANAGEMENT to the next level with the smartPLAY™ controller featuring automated data reporting, maintenance scheduling and remote access capabilities.

Let us help you find the right solution for your project with our comprehensive water management line including water treatment systems, controllers, manifolds, activators and more.

www.waterplay.com 800.590.5552

www.waterplay.com

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It’s Your Time to Shine

Get Recognition with an NRPA Award: Innovation Awards - Honor agencies improving their communities in inspirational ways.

Spotlight Awards - Honor individuals for their commitment to the field.

Scholarships & Fellowships - Give up-and-coming professionals access to the NRPA Annual Conference.

Submissions will be accepted January 7 – March 29

nrpa.org/Awards

Life Floor

L

ife Floor is a foam-rubber flooring system designed for use in wet areas with barefoot traffic. Created as an alternative to concrete and other conventional materials, Life Floor is the only safety surface specifically designed and engineered to perform in aquatic environments. Life Floor combines award-winning safety with unparalleled design capabilities, delivered by an expert team committed to a world-class experience for everyone who interacts with our products. All over the world, people trust Life Floor to make their aquatic environments look and feel extraordinary.

Slip-Resistance & Cushioning: With a British Pendulum rating of up to 66 when wet, our tiles are slip-resistant without being abrasive. In fact, Life Floor tiles are designed to minimize impact and keep guests

comfortable while walking, standing and playing in the water. With our 3/8-inchthick tiles, your pool decks, multilevel play structures, and water play areas have a 1-foot to 0-inch critical fall height. Life Floor tiles can also be layered to meet the fall-height requirements in your facility.

Maintenance: Part of maintaining an aquatic facility is preparing for the unexpected, which is why we’ve designed a flooring system that allows for easier maintenance. With Life Floor’s modular tile system, a damaged tile is easily removed and replaced without having to resurface an entire area. This means no more unsightly patch kits or pool shutdowns for skim coating and deck re-sealing. Your center stays open as scheduled for members to enjoy.

Cleaning: Life Floor is made with RepelCellTM technology, which means our

tiles are completely closed-cell and impervious from top to bottom. Unlike porous surfaces like concrete, anything that lands on our tile surface will not absorb into the surface, which means easier maintenance and a lasting, beautiful floor.

Applications: In aquatic centers, Life Floor tiles have been installed on multilevel play structures, pool decks, locker rooms and, especially, splash pads.

612.567.2813 www.lifefloor.com

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IS YOUR AGENCY

GOLD

MEDAL WORTHY?

APPLY FOR THE MOST PRESTIGIOUS AWARD RECOGNIZING ONLY THE BEST IN PARKS AND RECREATION. Applications will be accepted January 7–March 29.

nrpa.org/Awards

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Water Odyssey

W

ater Odyssey™ by Fountain People, designs and manufactures high-quality interactive water features with superior design support to help the park and recreation industry budget, plan and fulfill its water play-area plans. Our design team collaborates with architects, landscape architects, aquatic consultants, artists and end users around the world to develop innovative aquatic play environments and equipment. Water Odyssey specializes in creating unique, project-specific products to bring the customer’s vision to reality.

Water Odyssey provides a wide range of aquatic play solutions for toddler to teen, including ground sprays, interactive features that spin and spray, dumping buckets, themed

slides, slide structures, controls and filtration systems. Our website provides a gallery (https://waterodyssey.com/ project-galleries/) of products that includes everything from architecturally inspired structures to highly themed spray features and installed projects, as well as pre-planned, proven spray park designs to quickly make your water play area a reality. From 3D renderings, animations, budget analysis and bid documentation, to piping and electrical drawings, Water Odyssey creates compelling aquatic play experiences with ongoing customer support for the life of the project. Inquire about our cooperative purchasing options.

With more than 25 years of proven performance, Fountain People is a world leader in the manufacturing

of modular pumping and water-treatment systems, designed specifically for water features and aquatic play. Water Odyssey products are installed in commercial and municipal facilities all over the world. All Water Odyssey products are made in the USA and fabricated at our facilities in San Marcos, Texas.

Get Inspired. Get Support. Work with Water Odyssey. www.water odyssey.com 512.392.1155

Creating fun ways to spray & play!

From contemporary designs to fun themes, we work with you to develop innovative aquatic play equipment and environments.

CONTACT US FOR YOUR NEXT AQUATIC PLAY EXPERIENCE. 512.392.1155 | www.waterodyssey.com

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This photo shows how the use of a submerged manikin drives patrons away from the lifeguard surveillance area being tested.

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Drownings in Pools with Lifeguards on Duty Why submerged victims go unnoticed

By Maria Bella

D

octors Julie Gilchrist and Andrew R. Pelletier, with the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), identified 140 drowning deaths from 2000 to 2008 in swimming pools where lifeguards were on duty. They drew their data from media accounts and, because the media doesn’t report all drownings, concluded that the actual number of deaths was higher. Furthermore, a sole focus on death by drowning does not capture the entirety of the public health burden of submersion injuries. Among children under 15 years old, it is estimated that for every death there are an additional four incidents: two nonfatal submersion victims treated and released from emergency departments and two more who require hospitalization.

The aquatics industry has long pondered the cause of lifeguards failing to identify patrons in need of being rescued. Training programs focus extensive effort on teaching would-be lifeguards what to look for when scanning the pool for active and passive drowning victims. Some people hypothesize that lifeguarding is an impossible task, while others argue that lifeguards who fail to recognize drowning victims are simply derelict in their duties.

But, what if lifeguards are being unintentionally set up to fail? A multiyear scientific study, initially developed to assist facility management in selecting and locating new lifeguard stands, found that, oftentimes, lifeguards are simply being positioned where they cannot identify drowning victims at the surface or on the bottom of the pool, even

under ideal conditions.

How can this be, given that many lifeguard training agencies require surveillance zones to be validated using manikins and/or silhouettes?

It turns out that when life-like devices are used, even when patrons are instructed to ignore the submerged “doll,� those patrons change their activity and behavior in the pool.

This substantially alters key environmental conditions, such as turbulence and line-of-sight obstructions, that contribute to the challenges lifeguards face while scanning under real-world conditions.

Some facilities that do not want to risk frightening or offending patrons by submerging life-like devices perform testing after-hours, with a dozen lifeguards attempting to replicate the turbulence and obstructions created by hundreds of patrons. Other

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facilities forego simulating turbulence and line-of-sight obstructions altogether and submerge manikins or silhouettes in quiescent pools.

These approaches skew testing results and often cause lifeguards to be assigned zones that are too large, or to be positioned in stands that are too low to allow adequate visibility when scanning.

In addition to turbulence and lineof-sight obstructions, lifeguards face challenges caused by glare and shadows cast across the water’s surface.

The Model Aquatic Health Code (MAHC) states: 5.6.1.2.1.1A Lifeguard Positions If the AQUATIC VENUE requires lifeguards, the AQUATIC FACILITY owner shall ensure that glare conditions are assessed from each lifeguard position as identified in the Zone of Patron Surveillance to determine if the AQUATIC VENUE bottom and objects in the POOL are clearly visible to QUALIFIED LIFEGUARD staff throughout operating hours per MAHC 6.3.3.1.1. (emphasis added) What are aquatic facility operators, who are committed to the success of their lifeguarding team and dedicated to complying with the MAHC, supposed to do when testing with manikins and/or silhouettes during operating hours upsets patrons?

A simple, scientific solution to this problem exists.

Since refraction causes submerged

bodies to break apart, lifeguards are taught to look for blotches, rather than bodies, at the bottom of the pool while scanning. This means that testing devices do not need to be life-like in shape. They do, however, need to be life-like in size.

The smallest person likely to drown in a public pool is a toddler.

Based on investigations of drowning incidents, as some children submerge, they tuck into a fetal position, decreasing their size. Therefore, the smallest victim a lifeguard must be able to see is the size of a toddler in a fetal position.

Scientific tools were developed that anthropometrically represent a toddler in the fetal position (length, width and height) without looking like a submerged child. These tools, named ANGELS™ devices, have wings that float upright to provide a three-dimensional target for testing, but compress easily and safely when patrons step on the testing device.

For further information, visit www.

SafetyThroughScience.com.

Photographs taken during scientific testing demonstrate why proper positioning of lifeguards is so critical.

The images below were captured simultaneously and demonstrate what is visible to a lifeguard based on elevation above the water surface.

Fear of lifeguards jumping off high stands into shallow water has led to increased use of low lifeguard chairs at aquatic facilities. While

Note how visibility of the victim under water changes.

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lifeguard safety is vitally important, so is the need to position lifeguards where they are able to clearly see and identify patron activity in their zone of surveillance.

Lifeguard zones should be evaluated at various times throughout the day, under different loading and lighting conditions. MAHC 5.6.1.2.1.1 addresses glare, but aquatic facility operators must also position lifeguards where obstructions, such as lane ropes and water features, don’t hinder visibility.

Since lifeguards must be able to identify patrons in need of rescue, it is incumbent upon lifeguard managers to test each zone of surveillance using a reliable process.

Lifeguards are often blamed when a drowning victim is not recognized in a timely manner, but management is responsible for the training, staffing and positioning of lifeguards.

This is not a new concept. In its 2007 Lifeguard Management manual, the American Red Cross states: The facility manager and lifeguard supervisor establish each lifeguard’s area of responsibility for patron surveillance.

Lifeguards have a critically important duty that can only be accomplished when management ensures that lifeguards are properly positioned and adequately trained to search every cubic foot of water in their assigned zone of patron surveillance.

By performing scientific testing of surveillance zones and consistently reinforcing effective scanning skills, aquatic facility managers help their lifeguards to succeed.

Maria Bella is an Aquatic Facility Operator Instructor Trainer for Aqua Conscience (mbella@aqua-conscience.com).

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hether you’re looking to design an interactive aquatic hub for children of every age or need a filtration system for your next commercial swimming pool, AquaWorx has exactly what your project requires. As an industry leader in fiberglass moldings, we pride ourselves on manufacturing durable, safe products that allow you to have all the fun.

What started as a desire to solve the safety issues facing the pool and spa industry, has turned into the largest packaged filtration manufacturer for both the recreational and commercial aquatics industries.

Founded in St. Petersburg, Florida, our tropical home has allowed us to expand our inspiration from just

filtration systems to state-of-the-art water features, waterslides and water playsets. Our mastering of hydraulic design and manufacturing has led to successful aquatic landscaping projects nationwide for the past 12 years.

With projects ranging from restoring hurricane-damaged facilities in Puerto Rico to designing and creating brand-new YMCA aquatic recreational facilities, AquaWorx has become a household name among the top skilled architects and design professionals.

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ish, we work with customers every step of the way and provide all the necessary elements for your dream aqua oasis! Feel free to contact us directly or visit our website to find out more about why AquaWorx is the best choice for you.

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SKYNESHER/ISTOCKPHOTO.COM

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Developing Exceptional Aquatics Leaders

By George Deines

M

anaging exceptional aquatic facilities depends on recruiting, hiring and training exceptional aquatic leaders. And, while this seems like a no-brainer, it has become more and more apparent, as I visit aquatic facilities across the country, that exceptional aquatic leaders can be hard to come by. Whether it’s head lifeguards, aquatics supervisors or on-duty managers distracting their lifeguards by actively conversing with them, distracting themselves by being on their phone or displaying complacency by sitting in an office with their feet up, these behaviors have been observed and are detrimental not only to the facility where they occur, but also to the aquatics industry.

So, how can aquatic professionals produce exceptional leaders within their organization? They must be strategic and intentional to make it happen, and it starts with the following four primary categories: Initial Certification The most overlooked area for training exceptional aquatic leaders lies within the initial lifeguard certification course. But, “What does a lifeguard certification course have to do with an aquatics leader,” you may ask? I contend that it has everything to do with aquatics leaders! A lifeguard course represents the first time your future team members are exposed to the aquatics industry, risk management and the importance of exhibiting exceptional behaviors while on the stand. If lifeguard instructors inadequately teach the primary tenants of lifeguarding to their

future team members, they ultimately will end up with a poorly trained group of lifeguards to choose from when it comes time to promote them to the role of lead lifeguard, head lifeguard, lifeguard manager or into a full-time supervisory role.

Within the lifeguard certification course, instructors must ensure they not only teach all the certification

requirements, but also go above and beyond to include a broader aquatics picture. Lifeguard candidates need to hear about the value of aquatics in the lives of their community members, to be frequently reminded that “something could happen today” and to see the behaviors expected of them modeled daily. Through this process, the seed for exceptional future leaders is being planted and lifeguards are being trained for the long term, even if they may only work as a lifeguard for a summer or two.

Preseason Training While the initial certification training happens a few years in advance of a lifeguard’s promotion to a leader, the next three categories pertain directly to the leaders who

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To have a team of exceptional leaders, aquatics professionals must train exceptionally!

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have already been hired. The first of the three is the development of a preseason training program. To have a team of exceptional leaders, aquatics professionals must train exceptionally! While a good aquatics leader training program will include the dos and don’ts of the job, such as how to run an in-service, track payroll, check chemicals and clean

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the aquatic facility, those items are just the tip of the iceberg if an exceptional team is desired. It’s important for leaders to know what do to, but it’s even more important for them to know why it matters.

It’s imperative that aquatics leaders know how to exhibit the primary leadership qualities of casting vision for their team, communicating effectively with those around them, displaying an exceptional work ethic and always exhibiting character. A great way to teach these qualities to your team is to conduct an “Aquatics Leader Conference” at your facility, where you essentially conduct a customized NRPA conference for your team.

You probably can’t take your team to NRPA, so you must bring NRPA to them! Supervisors should put their years of experience, hours of attending sessions at conferences and knowledge of all things aquatics into developing and conducting their own conference for their team. In addition to teaching the primary tenants of leadership, conduct sessions on creative ways to keep team aquatic facility personnel hardworking and engaged and the best ways to ensure the facility is as safe as possible. For a seasonal aquatic center, this is best done during the month of May so that the information stays fresh for the entire season: for a year-round or indoor aquatic center, anytime would be a great time.

Weekly Training After conducting an “Aquatic Leader Conference,” don’t forget to reinforce the information that was shared during ongoing, weekly training. A weekly in-service is for lifeguards, as well as leaders! The

best way to stress the importance of the initial certification and preseason training is to revisit those ideas all season or all year long. Bring your team together two to four times per month to discuss what’s going well at your facility and what things need to improve. Pick a single topic from your conference and ask your leaders to give tangible examples of how they’ve implemented it or where they are currently struggling.

Together, spend some time drafting agendas that will help you cover challenge areas and develop better teamwork among your leaders. This makes the topics from the preseason training even more important, because it serves as a springboard for the continual training and development of your leaders.

Daily Interactions Finally, don’t forget to communicate with and care for your leaders daily. Even the best trained leaders still need direction, feedback and oversight. Take the time each day to pick their brain about what things need attention and how the lifeguard team is performing and ask them what they need to perform at the highest level possible. Also, use these interactions as training exercises. Aquatic leaders will find themselves in all types of situations that they may not have ever imagined: How do they handle a parent who is not supervising their children in the pool? What do they do if a guest demands a refund because of a bad experience? What should be said to the lifeguard who has been late three of the past four shifts? Start jotting these types of circumstances down on notecards and ask your leaders a different question each day. It will help them to start thinking about

how they would respond and handle the situation, and it gives you a teachable moment if they aren’t sure exactly what to do.

The Time to Start Is Now As aquatic professionals have just kicked off another year and planning for the upcoming summer season, they should be intentional about how they view the importance of their leaders and how best to train them. Through initial certification, preseason and in-season training, as well as communicating with them daily, they will set their aquatic operation to thrive for this year and many more after it.

George Deines is Studio Director for CounsilmanHunsaker (georgedeines@chh2o.com).

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pectrum Aquatics designs and manufactures high-quality custom rails, ADA pool and spa lifts and commercial-grade pool deck equipment. Spectrum has great products, skilled employees, knowledgeable engineers, and an excellent customer service and sales staff. Spectrum Aquatics strives to consistently exceed expectations and to be

the total solution provider for our customers. From inquiry to installation, Spectrum Aquatics is here for our customers and the Aquatics community.

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Low-head dams, also known as run-of-theriver dams or weirs, were built to raise water levels upstream and regulate the flow of rivers to help water-powered mills run.

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The ‘Killer in Our River’ Understanding Safety Around Dams

By Katelyn Riley

E

ach year, dozens of lives are lost on America’s waterways at structures called low-head or “run-of-the-river” dams. Among the victims are boaters, kayakers, swimmers, anglers and emergency responders.

The Dangers of Low-Head Dams Low-head dams are characterized by their low height — usually with a 1-foot to 15-foot drop off — which allows water to flow over the top of the dam. Below the surface, the water falling over the dam creates highly aerated, circulating currents that trap people and objects underwater against the face of the dam. These forces are a practically inescapable trap for even the strongest, life-jacket-clad swimmer or often boats and kayaks as well. Due to this danger, these structures have earned the title of “the killer in our river” or “drowning machines.”

People are often unaware of these dangers, or they underestimate their risk of falling victim to them. Many drowning victims deliberately jump from or float over them without knowing the risks. Others suddenly encounter them, as low-head dams are notoriously difficult to spot from upstream. The victims of these dams also include many would-be rescuers and first responders, several of whom have lost their lives trying to save others caught in the hydraulic current. Regardless of the cause or intention, outings on waterways can end in tragedy.

The late Dr. Bruce Tschantz, professor emeritus of the University of Tennessee, documented 377 fatalities at low-head dams from 1960 to August 2016, with the majority — 91 percent — occurring from April through August during the summer recreation season. Swimming, boating and fishing account for most incidents at dams in the United States.

©SPHRANER - STOCK.ADOBE.COM

‘Keep Your Distance, Keep Your Life’

If people choose to go out on a waterway for recreational purposes, encourage them to study the area closely beforehand, or be sure to provide them with information about dam locations. It is important that they are aware of the location of these structures, so they are ready to exit the water if approaching one. Provide them with the following tips: • Study a map beforehand to locate potential dams and hazard locations or ask a local for more information about dam locations • Always be alert for potentially dangerous situations • Always portage around the structure or turn around well before reaching the dam when kayaking, canoeing or boating W W W. PA R K S A N D R E C R E AT I O N . O R G | A Q U AT I C S G U I D E 2 0 1 9 |

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Diagram of a hydraulic roller, the most prevalent hazard of low-head dams.

• Obey all posted signage and barriers in the area • Let someone know when and where you are heading out and when to expect your return • Never enter the water to try and help someone. Instead, call 911 and use a remote assistive device, such as a rope or throw bag, to try and pull them back to safety Most importantly, remind them — “Keep Your Distance, Keep Your Life”: Always stay a safe distance away from dams both upstream and downstream to avoid drowning.

Awareness, Advocacy and Action There are several ways to take action in your community, improve safety of dams and ensure the well-being of community members. The first step is simply to tell patrons about the risks. Before anyone heads out to a waterway, make sure they are fully aware of the potential dangers.

It is also helpful to get in touch with local recreation outfits, such as kayak and boat rentals, hiking groups, conservation groups and others to discuss their education programs.

Common Safety Hazards Hydraulic Roller — The most prevalent hazard at low-head dams around is what is called the hydraulic jump or roller. The hydraulic roller is a current formation that arises at the base of a dam. When water falling over the crest of the dam hits the downstream surface, it can create a circular current that pushes anything in it downward to the riverbed, along the bottom, up to the surface of the water and back into the face of the dam (see the graphic for a visual representation of this type of current). This roller can be extremely strong and trap swimmers, boats and large debris in it, creating a major drowning and battering hazard. This hazard is also present near spillways of larger dams or at any flow from a structure into a body of water.

The water above and just downstream of a roller can appear to be boiling and is, in fact, often referred to as the boil. If you are on a river for any reason — be it swimming, fishing or boating — and see an area of churning water, always make sure to exit the waterway and go around the area by land, re-entering the water well downstream of the hazardous area. However, note that the presence of a hydraulic roller does not guarantee there will always be a large boil present. Sometimes the water surface around a dam can appear calm or inviting. This does not mean it is safe. You must always exit a waterway in the area of a dam.

View 16 More Common Safety Hazards at https://damsafety.org/public-safetyaround-dams/public-safety-hazards.

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These groups are often the best experts in the area who know the location of dams and hazards and can be great resources for making sure people stay safe around dams.

There are many free resources available to aid in better understanding the dangers of low-head dams and the importance of this issue. In cooperation with state dam safety programs, the Association of State Dam Safety Officials (ASDSO) has launched numerous programs and resources to provide dam owners, dam operators and the public with crucial safety information. The ASDSO public safety website, www.damsafety.org/pub lic-safety, houses safety guidelines, trainings and accessible education about low-head dams and many other types of dams. ASDSO has also partnered with the Indiana Silver Jackets to create two awareness videos, “Over, Under, Gone” (www.pbs.org/video/ over-under-gone-killer-our-rivers/) and “Be a Dam Champion,” (www. youtube.com/watch?v=q1XJsFYE_ xU&t=4s), which can be found for free at the ASDSO website. Both videos are aimed at a teenage to youngadult audience.

Currents around low-head dams can be swift and unpredictable. It is critically important to not only understand the scope of this danger, but also to be aware of the many ways you can keep yourself and others safe and avoid a tragedy. And remember — Keep Your Distance, Keep Your Life.

Katelyn Riley is the Communications Manager for Association of State Dam Safety Officials, Inc. (kriley@damsafety.org).

FOUR LETTERS. UNLIMITED POSSIBILITIES.

Whether you want to make a bigger impact on your community, keep your expertise fresh, or improve your professional status, CPRP certification will open the door to more and better opportunities.

Staying informed of recent and new trends beyond the internals of our departments sends a message to the communities that we serve - hey, not only do we hold the degrees but we’re certified!

Daniel Stines, CPRP Parks & Recreation Director, Town of Harrisburg, NC

Become a Certified Park and Recreation Professional Apply by February 28 to Get a FREE CPRP Prep Course (up to $250 value)

To learn more, visit www.nrpa.org/CPRP-VIP

Keeping Splash Pads Fun and Safe PHOTO COURTESY OF VIRGINIA BEACH PARKS & RECREATION/LINDA CROVATT 2018

Introducing NRPA’s Splash Pad Certificate Program

A

ccording to NASA’s Global Climate Change research, “Seventeen of the 18 warmest years in the 136-year record all have occurred since 2001, with the exception of 1998” (https://climate.nasa. gov/vital-signs/global-temperature/). In urban centers across the country, this rise in temperature is evident in the frequency and duration of record-breaking high-temperature days during the summer. Many cities have turned to installing splash pads in public spaces to help provide residents with relief from the high temps.

A 2018 Center for City Park Excellence survey of the 100 largest U.S. cities, shows that there’s been a 60 percent increase in the number of splash pads installed since 2015.

Splash pads definitely are a fun, easily accessible way to cool down on those hot, summer days. But, as with any piece of equipment or man-made feature, splash pads require maintenance and scheduled inspections to ensure their safe operation: water quality and surface safety among the things needing to be monitored. As they have become ubiquitous in public spaces, especially parks, the need to provide staff

30 Parks & Recreation

with information to not only maintain, but also to implement them has increased. In response to that need, NRPA is releasing a new online Splash Pad Certificate Program this March.

NRPA’s Splash Pad Certificate Program is designed to provide pool operators, maintenance staff, pool managers, park and recreation directors, health code inspectors, building inspectors or anyone responsible for maintaining water play recreation areas with the knowledge and skills needed to create and implement a water play recreation area for their agency and community. By complet-

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ing this online certificate program, participants will gain the expertise necessary to plan, design, operate and maintain a splash pad facility.

There are four online courses, each focused on key areas of the implementation and operation of splash pad facilities, that need to be completed to receive your Splash Pad Certificate, which is worth 1.2 CEUs: Planning: Define your community needs and expected benefits, assess proposed sites to ensure proper placement, outline a site plan and create a budget plan for design and ongoing maintenance costs.

Design: Demonstrate knowledge of current safety standards, select appropriate elements based on site plan and identify site considerations.

Operations: Identify liabilities, create a risk management plan, implement management and safety practices, and identify potential programming and rental opportunities.

(Prerequisite: AFO or CPO certification) Maintenance and Repair: Demonstrate knowledge of maintenance techniques and identify and implement appropriate repairs. (Prerequisite: AFO or CPO certification) Each course will be available individually. However, you must hold a current AFO or CPO certification to enroll in the operations and maintenance and repair courses: these certifications are not required for the planning and design course.

Sign up at www.nrpa.org/splashpad to be the first to know when the courses are available.

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to making products that operators can count on, because we understand the importance of reliability and efficiency on the bottom line.

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GIVE YOUR COMMUNITY

THE VERY BEST Prove that your agency meets the highest standards by getting accredited today.

nrpa.org/CAPRA

Find an AFO Course Near You The Aquatic Facility Operator program provides the most comprehensive and up-to-date training for pool operators and includes information on water chemistry, disinfection, mechanical systems, operations, healthy pools and safety. To get certified, find a course in your area and sign up today!

FEBRUARY

APRIL

8-9 Orange, California

5-6 Nashville, Tennessee

11-12 Leavenworth, Washington

8-9 Hershey, Pennsylvania

8-9 Tucker, Georgia

17-18 Fife, Washington

23-24 Houston, Texas

25-26 Derby, Kansas

14-15 Jacksonville, Florida

19-20 Wilmington, North Carolina

21-22 Dallas, Texas

21-22 Hampton, Virginia

28-March 1 Margate, Florida 28-March 1 Frisco, Texas MARCH

AFO Instructor Workshop

5-6 Anderson, South Carolina

MAY

2-3 Reno, Nevada

AUGUST

12-13 Gainesville, Florida

20-21 Sacramento, California

SEPTEMBER

7-8 Canton, Michigan

11-12 Milpitas, California

The Aquatic Facility Operator Instructor (AFOI) Workshop is an exclusive professional development opportunity designed to prepare new instructors to teach the AFO certification course.

12-13 Blue Springs, Missouri

OCTOBER

13-14 Phoenix, Arizona

14-15 North Miami, Florida

14-15 Austin, Texas

When: April 29-30, 2019 Where: National Recreation and Park Association, Ashburn, Virginia

19-20 American Canyon, California

Learn More at www.nrpa.org/ certification/AFO/become-an-afoinstructor/.

20-21 Lawrence, Kansas

25-26 Seattle, Washington

26-27 Phoenix, Arizona

27-29 Cheney, Washington

28-29 Bradenton, Florida

28-29 Worthington, Ohio

19-20 Escondido, California

3-4 Ceres, California

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