Daylight analysis and optimisation - DesignBuilder

Assignment 2

DESC9015 – Building Energy Analysis 480407278 Lorem ipsum Khyati Saxena

dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit.

Day-time space

Night-time space

Modeled house plan Source:DesignBuilder

Project details: Client: Married couple in their 60’s.

Usage pattern: Most of the day spent at home.

Daytime spent in living and lounge area. Bedroom use limited to evening and night.

Thermal comfort: The daytime spaces are subject to north solar gain. This needs to be applied strategically in winter and summer months. The bedrooms receive almost no direct solar radiation.

Climate:

HOUSE-N, BEPPU, JAPAN General Description Area

141.0 m²

No. of Floors

Ground and First

Year of completion

2018

Architects

YRAD House-N Source: Archdaily, 2020

Summer

Winter

The selected house is placed in the city of Hobart. Climate of Hobart is cool temperate (Zone 7) Winter conditions : 1˚C – 18˚C, 60% - 85% RH Summer conditions :4˚C – 34˚C, 50% - 80% RH. It is observed from the graph that the outside dry bulb temperature is usually below the comfort range during winters and in the comfort range in summers. The solar radiation is high in summers and moderate in winters.

Summer

Comfort temperature range

Naturally ventilated design: Daylight analysis of the building revealed a very well daylit design. Since the climate is mostly cold with comfortable summer conditions, a passively heated and cooled design seems well fitted for the project.

Design objective: 1. Model the house to comply with Section J of the National Construction Code of Australia 2. Estimate thermal performance of the house devoid of any mechanical HVAC components. Utilise Comfort hours as a matrix for analysis 3. Critical analysis of daytime and nigh time spaces to chart the viability of the modelled house 4. Propose and test different design strategies for the building envelope to improve the comfort hours by at least 20% 5. Propose final design for an improved thermal performance of the house

Graph 1: Hobart - Monthly diurnal averages for temperature and solar radiation. Source - Climate consultant Left: Living room – Day-time space Right: Upstairs Bedroom – Night-time space Source: Archdaily, 2020

Construction Tab

Original house Source: Archdaily

Modeled house Source: Design builder

Construction details for NCC compliance Construction

Modeling information

NCC compliance Achieved requirement performance

External Wall

100 mm brickwork, 79mm EPS insulation, 100 mm concrete block, 15mm gypsum plater

R value >= 2.8

R value= 2.85, U value = 0.35

Roof

15.9 mm plywood, 13mm fiberboard, 160mm EPS insulation

R value >= 5.1

R = 5.214, U value = 0.192

Window glazing

6mm clear single glazing

-

U value = 5.778, SHGC = 0.819

Window framing

Aluminum frame

-

U value = 5.881

Wall buildup.

Glazing Tab

Source: DesignBuilder

Roof buildup

Describe a range of d DesignBuilder, which characteristics, shadi detailed information a ventilation, etc. Scree used to present desig

HVAC Tab

Outputs Tab

Occupancy Schedules

Activity Tab

Lighting template

“The lamp power density or illumination power density of artificial lighting, excluding heaters that emit light, must not exceed the allowance of— 5 W/m2 in a Class 1 building “ (NCC 2019)

Annual discomfort hours Daytime Discomfort (hours) Daytime Discomfort (% annual) Night time Discomfort (hours) Night time Discomfort (% annual)

Original design 1234 31% 2976.5 74%

Night-time space: Bedroom

Energy use

Annual results

Original design Total Site Energy Total energy/area of building

Winter Design Week Study

3980.94 17.73

Day-time space: Living room Temperature study

Comfort range

Comfort range

Night-time space: GF bedroom is below comfort range in winters. It is seen to modulate a lot as the outside temperature modulates Day-time space: living room is partially in comfort range as it has north windows The comfort temperature is heavily dependent on the solar gain by both the spaces

Solar gain study Night-time space: GF bedroom is not absorbing as much solar radiation as is available on the site. This is because of it’s south facing windows. The window is losing a lot of heat (more than gain) when there’s no solar heat available on site due to poor performing glass.

Day-time space: living room has a good intake of solar radiation as a function of site solar gain. But the poor performing glass loses a good amount when there’s no sun

Night-time space: Bedroom

Day-time space: Living room

Summer Design Week Study Temperature study

Comfort range

Night-time space: GF bedroom is partly within the comfort range in summers. It is seen to modulate a lot as the outside temperature modulates.

Comfort range

Day-time space: living room is mostly in comfort range during summers The comfort level in both spaces is good to begin with and with some improvements in envelope performance, it can be reduced drastically.

Solar gain study Night-time space: GF bedroom. Although the solar gain is more in summers, the envelope is not able to trap this heat very well as the heat loss is just as significant.

Because of this, when the night temperature outside is under the comfort range, it gets uncomfortable inside.

An improvement in the envelope is required.

Day-time space: living room has a good intake of solar radiation as a function of site solar gain. In this space, sun needs to be blocked to reduce the heat gain in summer with shading.

Day-time Space: Living room

North

Improve passive heat gain from the north facing windows.

Good cross ventilation of day-time spaces can improve summer comfort immensely

Check resizing of windows which receive less direct solar radiation (like south facade) Reduce heat loss by improving insulation.

Good cross ventilation for summer nights.

Drapes to reduce heat loss during nighttime in winters

Improve glazing performance to reduce heat loss in combination with high SHGC Improve wall insulation to reduce heat loss and thermal mass to improve heat storage Add shading for summers

South

Improve infiltration of envelope to reduce loss of solar heat gain

Night-time Space: Bedroom

Improvement observed

No Improvement observed DESIGN PROCESS

Step 1: Since outside conditions are not favorable, natural ventilation schedule is changed to only summertime

Step 2: Improve wall insulation and thermal mass. Change class to high performing glass with low U value and high SHGC. Framing changed to a thermally broken one.

Step 3: Improve infiltration to excellent 0.5

Step 4: Open windows more for summer and add summer shading of 0.8m on all north windows.

Step 6: Resizing of windows on the façade with no direct solar gain (South) to reduce heat loss

Energy use

Improvement process discussion: While testing each improvement, all the non-envelope related parameters were kept constant. This includes but isn’t limited to, HVAC system, lighting system other equipment, activity template, etc.

The parameters experimented with include envelope material build-up and insulation, window type and sizing, shading, window opening percentage, infiltration rate of the construction Observations in comfort hours: - Natural ventilation in winter was creating uncomfortable conditions.

Turning it off for winters improved comfort - Thermal performance improvement of wall, roof, and window reduced heat loss and hence improved the thermal comfort level in winters especially - Reducing infiltration rate by using excellent crack template reduced uncontrolled heat loss from the construction - Increasing window opening percentage facilitated more ventilation in summers. Adding calculated shading overhang on north façade helped reduce the direct solar heat gain during summer without disturbing the essential solar heat gain for winters. This improved the summer comfort very much.

- Night-time Drapes were added to bedroom (night-time space) which I thought will reduce the heat loss, but this did not work. Similarly, window size was reduced to reduce heat loss but this increased hours of discomfort as the solar heat gain reduced. So these two strategies were discarded

Step 5: Drapes at night in Bedroom to reduce heat loss in winter nights

Original design

Improved design 3980.94 17.73

Total Site Energy Total energy/area of building

3980.94 17.73

Heating Cooling Interior Lighting Exterior Lighting Interior Equipment Exterior Equipment Fans Pumps Heat Rejection Humidification Heat Recovery Water Systems Refrigeration Generators

0 0 1444.57 0 18.61 0 0 0 0 0 0 2557.19 0 0

0 0 1444.57 0 18.61

Total End Uses

4020.37

4020.37

0 0 0 0 0 2557.19 0 0

Annual discomfort hours

Daytime Discomfort (hours) Daytime Discomfort (% annual) Night time Discomfort (hours) Night time Discomfort (% annual)

NatHERS Star Band Criteria (Energy Loads [thermal] in MJ/m2 .annum)

Original design 1234 31% 2976.5 74%

Improved design 155.5 4% 1741 43%

Percentage improvement to original design 87%

Overall Percentage improvement in occupied hours 27%

42% 31%

According to the NatHERS rating system, the design receives 8-star rating (NatHERS, 2012)

Wall Build-up

Roof Build-up

Source: DesignBuilder

Window Build-up

Construction details for envelope – improved performance Construction

Modeling information

Original design

Improved design

External Wall

100mm AAC block, 100mm EPS insulation, 100mm concrete block (heavyweight), 15mm gypsum plater

R value= 2.85, U value = 0.35

R value= 4.12, U value = 0.243

Roof

15.9mm plywood, 100mm aerated concrete slab 160mm EPS insulation

R = 5.214, U value = 0.192

R = 5.62, U value = 0.178

Window glazing

Dbl LoE (e3=.1) Clr 3mm/13mm Arg

U value = 5.778, SHGC = 0.819

U value = 1.512, SHGC = 0.65

Window framing

UPVC framing

U value = 5.881

U value = 3.476

January 21 12:00am

Overhang of 0.8m to block summer sun (left) without hindering solar gain in winters (right) Source: DesignBuilder

June 21 12:00am

Source: DesignBuilder

Key findings: • • • • •

•

The house is designed well. The daytime spaces face north to utilize the solar gain the most during winter afternoons.

Even though the building envelope is in compliance with NCC volume 2 of Australia, there is some unwanted heat loss and gain, reducing the thermal comfort of the building By increasing the thermal performance, the discomfort hours have been reduced by a good margin for both nighttime and day-time spaces.

A well performing envelope is found essential to make passive strategies for thermal comfort work well.

Careful and critical look at the indoor temperatures, heat gain and losses, and discomfort hours, allowed us to improve the building well.

The daytime spaces are very comfortable after the intervention, but the night-time spaces are still uncomfortable for a little less than half the occupied time. Which means, heating will have to employed for night-time spaces by users. A well insulated façade will be even more crucial in this case.

Limitations of the report: • • •

• •

Better comfort of the night-time spaces could be achieved with some active strategies for heating.

Aesthetics of the building had to be compromised a little by addition of the overhang for human comfort. But this is an opportunity for the designer for interventions.

Modelled space conceptually depicts the actual structure but may not be 100 accurate with respect to comfort ranges inside the spaces due to unpredictability of occupant, usage and other external factors Designing for a 24 hour occupancy might have been a better review of the space as the occupant might not stick to the occupancy schedule followed by the analysis. Some night-time spaces have the possibility to be used as day-time spaces During simulations, a warming about errors in the weather file was observed, this could mean discrepancies in solar radiation on the site.

References: i. ii. iii. iv. v.

AustralianBuildingCodesBoard.(2019).ClimateZoneMap:Victoria|Abcb.gov.au.Retrieved2June2020,fromhttps://www.abcb.gov.au/Resources/Too ls-Calculators/Climate-Zone-Map-Victoria DesignBuilder Software Ltd - Home n.d., viewed 24 April 2020, <https://designbuilder.co.uk//>.

House-N / YRAD | ArchDaily https://www.archdaily.com/933574/house-n-yrad (accessed Apr 23, 2020).

NatHERS, 2012. NATIONWIDE HOUSE ENERGY RATING SCHEME (Nathers) – SOFTWARE ACCREDITATION PROTOCOL. NatHERS National Administrator.

Reardon.C.(2013).Designforclimate|YourHome.Yourhome.gov.au.Retrieved2June2019,fromhttp://www.yourhome.gov.au/passivedesign/design-climate

Daytime space

Living room

REPORT: FOR:

ZONE MEAN AIR TEMPERATURE [C] [10000] 10755

Values in table are in hours.

Time Bin Results

Comfort hours Interval Start Interval End January February March April May June July August September October November December 12:01 to 1:00 am 1:01 to 2:00 am 2:01 to 3:00 am 3:01 to 4:00 am 4:01 to 5:00 am 5:01 to 6:00 am 6:01 to 7:00 am 7:01 to 8:00 am 8:01 to 9:00 am 9:01 to 10:00 am 10:01 to 11:00 am 11:01 to 12:00 pm 12:01 to 1:00 pm 1:01 to 2:00 pm 2:01 to 3:00 pm 3:01 to 4:00 pm 4:01 to 5:00 pm 5:01 to 6:00 pm 6:01 to 7:00 pm 7:01 to 8:00 pm 8:01 to 9:00 pm 9:01 to 10:00 pm 10:01 to 11:00 pm 11:01 to 12:00 am Total

- [hr] 1 [hr] 2 [hr] 3 [hr] 4 [hr] 5 [hr] 6 [hr] 7 [hr] 8 [hr] 9 [hr] 10 [hr] 11 [hr] 12 [hr] 13 [hr] 14 [hr] 15 [hr] 16 [hr] 17 [hr] 18 [hr] 19 [hr] 20 [hr] - [hr] less than 12.00<= 13.00<= 14.00<= 15.00<= 16.00<= 17.00<= 18.00<= 19.00<= 20.00<= 21.00<= 22.00<= 23.00<= 24.00<= 25.00<= 26.00<= 27.00<= 28.00<= 29.00<= 30.00<= 31.00<= equal to or more than 12 13.00> 14.00> 15.00> 16.00> 17.00> 18.00> 19.00> 20.00> 21.00> 22.00> 23.00> 24.00> 25.00> 26.00> 27.00> 28.00> 29.00> 30.00> 31.00> 32.00> 32 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 7 7 29.5 28.5 39.5 53.5 44.5 47.5 39.5 16.5 10.5 6 3 3 5.5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 14 42.5 34.5 36 38 36.5 49.5 28.5 15 8.5 4 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10.5 57.5 44 43.5 38 33.5 33 28 30.5 16.5 6 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3.5 12.5 41.5 69.5 44 42 32 18 17 14 12 12.5 6 5.5 0 0 0 0 0 2 22.5 19.5 13 38 76 68 33.5 18 15.5 9.5 10.5 7 4 2 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 30 64.5 51 78 49.5 14 9 10 11 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1.5 25 54.5 49 41.5 79 42 14 12.5 11 4 1.5 4 1.5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.5 6.5 12.5 27 48 83 50.5 30 28.5 18 13.5 7.5 6 6.5 1 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4.5 8.5 28 85 75 36 22 26.5 17.5 14.5 5.5 1.5 1.5 1 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.5 15 12 63 58 49.5 52 38.5 23 16.5 7.5 4.5 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10.5 8 42.5 69 47.5 39.5 38 28 20.5 13 7 3.5 1 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 23 67.5 63 62 67 32 21.5 1 2 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1.5 3.5 23.5 62.5 35 14.5 7.5 2 1.5 0.5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 10 11.5 16 26.5 53 94.5 59 43.5 25 14.5 6.5 2.5 1 0.5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4.5 8 10 17 40 61 57 59.5 33 30 25 12.5 5 1 1 0.5 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 6 8.5 11.5 37 50.5 38 42.5 56 27.5 33 24 18.5 6 2 1 0.5 0.5 0 0 0 0 2 4 9 12 34 45.5 34.5 34.5 43.5 34 39 27.5 19 16 5.5 3 1 1 0 0 0 0 3 2.5 9.5 15 33 41.5 28.5 29.5 48 37 37.5 28 19 16 10.5 4.5 0.5 1.5 0 0 0 0 3 5.5 13.5 13.5 37 45.5 35.5 31 47 30.5 31.5 27.5 20.5 12.5 6.5 3.5 0 1 0 0 0 0 3.5 11.5 15 24.5 47.5 57.5 29.5 40.5 33.5 31.5 30 19 14 4 2.5 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 7.5 12 25 23 70 57 37 36 33.5 29.5 19.5 9.5 3 1.5 0 0 0.5 0.5 0 0 0 0.5 9.5 19.5 27.5 24.5 78.5 62.5 36.5 38.5 29.5 19 14 3 0 1 0 0.5 0.5 0 0 0 0 0 10 20 28 32.5 85 71 41 29.5 26.5 15 4.5 0 1 0.5 0 0.5 0 0 0 0 0 2.5 9 21 27.5 43.5 64 29.5 7 5 3 0.5 0.5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 64 121.5 191 247 602.5 678.5 438.5 404.5 386 271 242.5 154 101 59 28 13.5 3 5.5 602.5

Total hours in comfort range Occupancy hours Total hours outside of comfort range Percentage of discomfort hours

678.5

438.5

404.5

386

271

2781 4015 1234 31%

- [hr] Row Total 341 308 341 330 341 330 341 341 330 341 330 341 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 152 365 365 365 365 365 365 365 365 365 365 213 0 0 0 0 4015

Daytime space

Living room

REPORT: FOR:

ZONE MEAN AIR TEMPERATURE [C] [10000] 10755

10755

Values in table are in hours.

Time Bin Results

Comfort hours

Summer

Winter

Summer

Daytime hours

Interval Start Interval End January February March April May June July August September October November December 12:01 to 1:00 am 1:01 to 2:00 am 2:01 to 3:00 am 3:01 to 4:00 am 4:01 to 5:00 am 5:01 to 6:00 am 6:01 to 7:00 am 7:01 to 8:00 am 8:01 to 9:00 am 9:01 to 10:00 am 10:01 to 11:00 am 11:01 to 12:00 pm 12:01 to 1:00 pm 1:01 to 2:00 pm 2:01 to 3:00 pm 3:01 to 4:00 pm 4:01 to 5:00 pm 5:01 to 6:00 pm 6:01 to 7:00 pm 7:01 to 8:00 pm 8:01 to 9:00 pm 9:01 to 10:00 pm 10:01 to 11:00 pm 11:01 to 12:00 am Total

- [hr] 1 [hr] 2 [hr] 3 [hr] 4 [hr] 5 [hr] 6 [hr] 7 [hr] 8 [hr] 9 [hr] 10 [hr] 11 [hr] 12 [hr] 13 [hr] 14 [hr] 15 [hr] 16 [hr] 17 [hr] 18 [hr] 19 [hr] 20 [hr] - [hr] less than 12.00<= 13.00<= 14.00<= 15.00<= 16.00<= 17.00<= 18.00<= 19.00<= 20.00<= 21.00<= 22.00<= 23.00<= 24.00<= 25.00<= 26.00<= 27.00<= 28.00<= 29.00<= 30.00<= 31.00<= equal to or more than 12 13.00> 14.00> 15.00> 16.00> 17.00> 18.00> 19.00> 20.00> 21.00> 22.00> 23.00> 24.00> 25.00> 26.00> 27.00> 28.00> 29.00> 30.00> 31.00> 32.00> 32 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 14.5 72.5 66.5 67 50 33.5 23.5 6.5 7 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 16 107 71.5 45 38.5 22 8 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 18 112 59.5 49.5 42 38.5 16.5 1.5 3 0.5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 52.5 133 47.5 35.5 28.5 17.5 8.5 4.5 2.5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 31 151 106 21.5 15.5 13 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 20 194 83 20.5 7.5 4.5 0.5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 212 89 20 9 6 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 178.5 120.5 20.5 16 1.5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.5 158 113.5 26 14.5 7.5 2.5 2 2 3.5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 107.5 148 44 30.5 4 6 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.5 102.5 138 30 21.5 17.5 16 4 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 47.5 164 63.5 44 18.5 3.5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 32 85.5 20 9 3 2.5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 8 93 185.5 42 22 8 3.5 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5.5 62.5 160.5 64 37 20.5 9.5 4.5 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 54.5 138.5 63.5 42.5 32 20 7.5 3 0.5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2.5 56 124.5 58.5 43 36.5 27.5 10.5 2.5 3.5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 59 116 50.5 55 36.5 25 12.5 3 4 0.5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 78.5 121 49 41.5 31 22 12.5 2 3.5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 123.5 108.5 43.5 35.5 22.5 17 7 1.5 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 8.5 159.5 97.5 40.5 28 18 8 3 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 9 178 103.5 32 21.5 14 4.5 1.5 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 7.5 198 105 24.5 17.5 8 3 0.5 0.5 0.5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 7 157.5 40.5 3 3 1.5 0.5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 62 1252 1386.5 491 355.5 231.5 143 62.5 14.5 16 0.5 0 0 0 0 1252

Total hours in comfort range Occupancy hours Total hours outside of comfort range Percentage of discomfort hours

1386.5

491

355.5

231.5

143

3859.5 4015 155.5 4%

- [hr] Row Total 341 308 341 330 341 330 341 341 330 341 330 341 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 152 365 365 365 365 365 365 365 365 365 365 213 0 0 0 0 4015

Nightime space

Bedroom 1

REPORT: FOR:

ZONE MEAN AIR TEMPERATURE [C] [10001] 10826

Values in table are in hours.

Time Bin Results

Comfort hours

Summer

Winter

Summer Nightime hours

Nightime hours

Interval Start Interval End January February March April May June July August September October November December 12:01 to 1:00 am 1:01 to 2:00 am 2:01 to 3:00 am 3:01 to 4:00 am 4:01 to 5:00 am 5:01 to 6:00 am 6:01 to 7:00 am 7:01 to 8:00 am 8:01 to 9:00 am 9:01 to 10:00 am 10:01 to 11:00 am 11:01 to 12:00 pm 12:01 to 1:00 pm 1:01 to 2:00 pm 2:01 to 3:00 pm 3:01 to 4:00 pm 4:01 to 5:00 pm 5:01 to 6:00 pm 6:01 to 7:00 pm 7:01 to 8:00 pm 8:01 to 9:00 pm 9:01 to 10:00 pm 10:01 to 11:00 pm 11:01 to 12:00 am Total

- [hr] 1 [hr] 2 [hr] 3 [hr] 4 [hr] 5 [hr] 6 [hr] 7 [hr] 8 [hr] 9 [hr] 10 [hr] 11 [hr] 12 [hr] 13 [hr] 14 [hr] 15 [hr] 16 [hr] 17 [hr] 18 [hr] 19 [hr] 20 [hr] - [hr] less than 12.00<= 13.00<= 14.00<= 15.00<= 16.00<= 17.00<= 18.00<= 19.00<= 20.00<= 21.00<= 22.00<= 23.00<= 24.00<= 25.00<= 26.00<= 27.00<= 28.00<= 29.00<= 30.00<= 31.00<= equal to or more than 12 13.00> 14.00> 15.00> 16.00> 17.00> 18.00> 19.00> 20.00> 21.00> 22.00> 23.00> 24.00> 25.00> 26.00> 27.00> 28.00> 29.00> 30.00> 31.00> 32.00> 32 0 0 0 0 2 9 6.5 33.5 134.5 86.5 36.5 17.5 7.5 3.5 3 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 13.5 34 65 130.5 38 19.5 7.5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 9 46 80 141.5 39.5 12.5 12 0.5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 6 15.5 24.5 39 99 84 36 15 9 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 13 25 39 55.5 136.5 61 9.5 1.5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 37 92.5 106 62 27 5.5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 43 64 127 93.5 13.5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 29.5 60.5 43 100 80.5 23 4.5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 4 36 80 72 71.5 25.5 19.5 8 2 3 5.5 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 8 17 34.5 71 75.5 73 44.5 8.5 4 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4.5 9 37.5 38 49 59 79 23.5 18 5.5 3 4 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 7.5 37 94 164 29.5 5 3.5 0.5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 7.5 25.5 34.5 37.5 44 29.5 32 54.5 64 23.5 7.5 3 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 8.5 26.5 36 40.5 40 30 35 56 65.5 16 6 3 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 12.5 25.5 38 39.5 42 28.5 43.5 51 60 16.5 4.5 3.5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 16 28.5 35 42.5 41.5 27.5 46 48.5 60.5 12.5 4.5 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 21 26 37 40.5 41.5 27.5 48.5 53 54 10.5 4.5 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 21.5 25.5 38.5 39.5 38 27 49 49.5 55.5 14.5 4.5 1.5 0.5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 22 26 37 38.5 33 15 21 14 5 1.5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 4 7 14 61.5 34 10.5 14 2 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 12 27.5 39 33 43 22.5 32.5 84.5 37 17.5 8.5 2 1.5 1.5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 12.5 28 39.5 34 44 24 36 83.5 29.5 18.5 8.5 1 2.5 0.5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3.5 17 27 40.5 36 41.5 27.5 46.5 78 23.5 16 4.5 1.5 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 6 26 31 35 43 30.5 30.5 54 66 23.5 13.5 4 1.5 0.5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 124.5 251 369.5 432.5 428 348 386.5 509.5 738 242.5 107.5 53.5 12.5 7.5 3 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 676.5

Total hours in comfort range Occupancy hours Total hours outside of comfort range Percentage of discomfort hours

208.5

97

39.5

10.5

6.5

1038.5 4015 2976.5 74%

- [hr] Row Total 341 308 341 330 341 330 341 341 330 341 330 341 365 365 365 365 365 365 213 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 152 365 365 365 365 4015

Nightime space

Bedroom 1

REPORT: FOR:

ZONE MEAN AIR TEMPERATURE [C] [10002] 10826

10826

Values in table are in hours.

Time Bin Results

Comfort hours

Summer

Winter

Summer Nightime hours

Nightime hours

Interval Start Interval End January February March April May June July August September October November December 12:01 to 1:00 am 1:01 to 2:00 am 2:01 to 3:00 am 3:01 to 4:00 am 4:01 to 5:00 am 5:01 to 6:00 am 6:01 to 7:00 am 7:01 to 8:00 am 8:01 to 9:00 am 9:01 to 10:00 am 10:01 to 11:00 am 11:01 to 12:00 pm 12:01 to 1:00 pm 1:01 to 2:00 pm 2:01 to 3:00 pm 3:01 to 4:00 pm 4:01 to 5:00 pm 5:01 to 6:00 pm 6:01 to 7:00 pm 7:01 to 8:00 pm 8:01 to 9:00 pm 9:01 to 10:00 pm 10:01 to 11:00 pm 11:01 to 12:00 am Total

- [hr] 1 [hr] 2 [hr] 3 [hr] 4 [hr] 5 [hr] 6 [hr] 7 [hr] 8 [hr] 9 [hr] 10 [hr] 11 [hr] 12 [hr] 13 [hr] 14 [hr] 15 [hr] 16 [hr] 17 [hr] 18 [hr] 19 [hr] 20 [hr] - [hr] less than 12.00<= 13.00<= 14.00<= 15.00<= 16.00<= 17.00<= 18.00<= 19.00<= 20.00<= 21.00<= 22.00<= 23.00<= 24.00<= 25.00<= 26.00<= 27.00<= 28.00<= 29.00<= 30.00<= 31.00<= equal to or more than 12 13.00> 14.00> 15.00> 16.00> 17.00> 18.00> 19.00> 20.00> 21.00> 22.00> 23.00> 24.00> 25.00> 26.00> 27.00> 28.00> 29.00> 30.00> 31.00> 32.00> 32 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.5 14.5 59 104 66 70.5 25.5 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 37.5 113 147 10.5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 66 197 74.5 3.5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 32 189 100.5 8.5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 34.5 95.5 181.5 29.5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 6.5 196 121.5 6 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 7 147.5 186.5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 55 187 86 13 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 29 199.5 79.5 11 11 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 11 208.5 116.5 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 7 108.5 99 86.5 20.5 8.5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 45 145 138.5 12 0.5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 39.5 57.5 54 46 80.5 62 12.5 9 4 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 45 52.5 54.5 50 80.5 62 8.5 9 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.5 49 52 52.5 54 77.5 60.5 8 8.5 2.5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 53.5 48.5 53 59 74.5 57.5 9 7.5 1.5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3.5 53.5 51.5 49.5 59 79 51.5 8.5 8 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 54.5 53 41 56 76 54 13.5 10 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4.5 56.5 47 44 31.5 26 3.5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 73 57 11.5 6.5 1 1.5 0.5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 18 65.5 39.5 163 57 15.5 3.5 1.5 1.5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 14 67 40 93.5 63.5 64 13.5 7.5 1.5 0.5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 18 63 43 58.5 88.5 68 14.5 8.5 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 31.5 62 51.5 47.5 81 65 14.5 9 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 13.5 433 619.5 523.5 791 841 575 112.5 79.5 25.5 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 718

Total hours in comfort range Occupancy hours Total hours outside of comfort range Percentage of discomfort hours

784

563.5

106

78.5

24

2274 4015 1741 43%

- [hr] Row Total 341 308 341 330 341 330 341 341 330 341 330 341 365 365 365 365 365 365 213 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 152 365 365 365 365 4015

Night-time space: Bedroom

Day-time space: Living room

Winter Design Week Study Temperature study

Solar gain study

Night-time space: Bedroom

Day-time space: Living room

Summer Design Week Study Temperature study

Solar gain study