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BIOL 2001/PSYC 2002 Biological Dimen-

sions of Human Sexuality: Emphasizes sex as a biological phenomenon. Considers important questions such as: What is sex? When did sex evolve? Why sex? Studies the history of sex and sex in nature. Serves as a source of information regarding what can be expected from the human body and modern issues concerning sexuality. Emphasizes human anatomy and physiology, human population, conception, pregnancy, birth, STDs, and AIDS. Spring, 3 hours lecture and discussion, 3 credits.

BIOL 2003 Lifecycle of Nutrition: Focuses on the fundamentals of normal nutrition from preconception to old age. Special attention is paid to the physiological principles and nutritional interventions that apply to each part of the lifecycle. Applies case studies to real life at each stage in development, with consideration of cultural and socioeconomic influences on healthy eating behavior. Fall, 3 hours lecture and discussion, 3 credits.

BIOL 2135 Science in Movies: Explore the science concepts presented in modern movies. Examines a group of modern movies and explore the feasibility of the science presented in each. Includes molecular biology, genetics, microbiology, virology, chemistry, physics, astronomy, environmental science, and geology. Explores ethics considerations. 3 hours lecture and discussion, 3 credits.

BIOL 2018 Special Topics in Biology

Operation Rubythroat: Ruby-throated Hummingbirds, the only nesting hummingbird in the eastern U.S., migrate to the south during winter. They are poorly studied in Mexico and Central America where they spend their nonbreeding months. During spring break, students will travel to Belize or Costa Rico to participate in Operation Rubythroat under the direction of hummingbird researcher Bill Hilton of Hilton Pond Center for Piedmont Natural History in South Carolina. Observe, capture, band, and release wintering birds as they begin to move north. As “citizen scientists,” play integral roles in conducting field work and making observations, will visit diverse habitats, and learn about fascinating aspects of Belize’s abundant natural history and fascinating Mayan culture. Fee to be determined at time of travel.

BIOL 2024 Special Topics in Biology:

Owl Prowl and Winter Raptors: Studies the wintering snowy owl and northern raptor locations in North America. The course includes a trip to Ontario, Canada. Not offered every year, Travel fee determined at time of trip. 2 hours lecture and discussion, field trip required, 2 credits.

BIOL 2110 Pathophysiology: Explores the pathophysiological aspects of illness. Emphasizes understanding disruptions in the structure and function of the human body and the adaptive processes utilized to maintain a steady state. Prerequisites: BIOL 1110 and BIOL 1115. Recommended elective for all students planning careers in human health. Fall or Spring (not offered every year), 3 hours lecture and discussion, 3 credits.

BIOL 2115 Microbiology: Examines the importance and impact of microorganisms on the modern world with an emphasis on bacteria and viruses. Techniques for identifying microbes will be explored through hands-on experimentation with various microorganisms. Prerequisites: “C” or better in BIOL 1125. Corequisite: BIOL 2116. Fall, 3 hours lecture and discussion, 3-hour laboratory, 4 credits.

BIOL 2120 Introductory Ecology: Studies the natural assemblage of plants and animals. Emphasizes the interactions of both plant and animal populations in normally functioning ecosystems. Studies ecosystem structure, predation, competition, temperature, water, and energetic relationships; food webs, succession, and conservation biology. Laboratory focuses on field techniques, data analysis, and writing in acceptable scientific style. Prerequisites: BIOL 1150 or with a “C” or better. Corequisite: BIOL 2121 Spring and Intersession, 3 hours lecture and discussion, 3-hour laboratory, 4 credits.

BIOL 2140 Introduction to Forensic

Science II: Builds upon the crime scene investigative sciences by introducing scientific crime laboratory techniques of various forensic disciplines including DNA analysis, toxicology, forensic chemistry, forensic anthropology, serology, questioned documents, and trace evidence.. Prerequisites: BIOL 1135 or consent of the instructor. Corequisite: BIOL 2141. Spring, 3 hours lecture and discussion, 3 hours laboratory, 4 credits.

BIOL 2145 Bioethics: Introduces theories and concepts of ethics. Uses case studies, class discussion, and lecture to evaluate and analyze ethical problems and issues from various perspectives pertaining to the biological sciences. Students will be able to support ethical decisions with logical arguments. Prerequisites: ENGL 1110 and ENGL 1125, BIOL 1125 or CHEM 1120 or PHYS 2110. Fall, 3 hours lecture and discussion, 3 credits.

BIOL 2150 Dendrology: Introduces trees and other woody plant species that are native or commonly found in Pennsylvania and the region. Emphasizes native plants and covers other noteworthy species from other regions of the country and world. Emphasizes field identification and taxonomy. Prerequisite: BIOL 1150. Corequisite: BIOL 2151. Fall (even years), 3 hours lecture and discussion, 3 hours laboratory, 4 credits.

BIOL 2155 Wildlife and Fisheries Biology:

Provides a foundation of understanding in wildlife and fisheries science. Laboratory sessions stresses field techniques of s ampling, handling, identifying, and monitoring wildlife and fish specimens and populations. Prerequisite: BIOL 1130. Corequisite: BIOL 3146. Fall, 3 hours lecture and discussion, 3 hours laboratory, 4 credits.

BIOL 3002 Nutrition: Studies the structural and functional relationships between biological molecules and human health. Studies the nutrients essential to human life and well-being. Studies nutrients relative to their function in metabolism, sources in food, and relationship to health. Fall, 3 hours lecture and discussion, 3 credits.

BIOL 3110 Cell Biology: Studies the structure and function of a cell and its subcellular organelles. Focuses on biological macromolecules, enzyme, biological transport, gene expression, motility, and new technologies. Prerequisite: BIOL 1125. Corequisite: BIOL 3111. Fall (odd years), 3 hours lecture and discussion, 3 hours laboratory, 4 credits.

BIOL 3115 Wetland and Riparian Ecology:

Focuses on major concepts in wetland ecology including wetland definitions, identification and delineation, and wetlands functions and values. Discusses wetland classification systems; state and federal jurisdiction and policies; and regulatory issues in wetland conservation, protection, and management. Includes field trips to on- and off-campus sites. Prerequisite: BIOL 2120. Travel fee determined at time of travel. Fall (odd years), 3 hours lecture and discussion, 3 credits.

BIOL 3135 Limnology: Investigates lakes, reservoirs, ponds, and streams as dynamic systems. Considers the physical, chemical, geological, and biological components of aquatic ecosystems. Emphasizes quantitative sampling and analytical techniques. Prerequisites: BIOL 2120 and CHEM 1120; CHEM 3125 is recommended. Corequisite: BIOL 3136. Fall (even years), 3 hours lecture and discussion, 3 hours laboratory, 4 credits.

BIOL 3150 Virology: Covers a detailed survey of viruses that are important to both humans and animals. Covers classification, structure, penetration and replication techniques, immune system responses, vaccines, diagnostic techniques, bioterrorism, and pandemic spread. Prerequisites: BIOL 1125 and BIOL 2115. Corequisite: BIOL 3151. Spring (odd years), 3 hours lecture and discussion, 3 hours laboratory, 4 credits.

BIOL 3160 Immunology: Designed for upper- level biology majors. Covers the study of the basic principles of immunology, focusing on the immune system and how this system protects the body from infectious agents. Prerequisites: BIOL 1110, BIOL 1115, and BIOL 1125. Spring (even years), 3 hours lecture and discussion, 3 credits.

BIOL 3170 Genetics: Emphasizes genetic and evolutionary mechanisms, gene interaction, polygenic inheritance, selection, mutation, human diversity, human mating systems, management of the human gene pool, the direction of present and future research. Prerequisite: BIOL 1125 and BIOL 1130. Spring, 3 hours lecture and discussion, 3 credits.

BIOL 3175 Ichthyology: Presents an intense study of fish. Exposes students to the range of natural history, ecological, and management concepts, as well as receiving hands-on field training. Features active lectures and introduces a research project to the taxonomic structures in intensive laboratories. Spends class time on discussing the evolution, behavior, physiology, and conservation of fish. Through assorted readings and field experiences, covers the evolution and ecology of the different taxa within these groups. Allows students to gain an appreciation for and identify the fish diversity in Pennsylvania and throughout North America. Field trips serve as a means to underscore and/ or illustrate the concepts discussed in class, as well as an understanding of techniques used to safely work with fish in the field. The course features 2.5 hours of lecture and 3 hours of lab weekly, including field trips. Prerequisite BIOL 2120. Corequisite: BIOL 3176. Fall (even years), 3 hours lecture and discussion, 3 hours laboratory, 4 credits.

BIOL 3180 Ethics and Quality in Forensic

Science: Builds upon students’ scientific background in forensics by focusing on understanding ethical issues encountered by forensic scientists and quality programs. Use case studies, class discussion, and lecture to evaluate and analyze ethical problems and illustrate applications to quality systems in a forensic laboratory. Examines codes of ethics, professionalism, obligations of the forensic witness, bias, quality assurance and quality control, and report writing. Participate in role playing, discussions, debates, writing exercises, and presentations throughout the course.Prerequisite: BIOL 1135 or BIOL 2140. Spring (not offered every year), 3 hours lecture and discussion, 3 credits.

BIOL 3185 Cancer Biology: Provides the fundamentals for understanding what cancer is and how to treat it. Lectures focus on how genetic modifications with molecular altering consequences lead to development and spread of cancer cells and how we diagnose and treat the disease. Covers oncogenes, tumor suppression, tumorigenesis, angiogenesis, metastasis, and classical as well as future treatments of cancer. Prerequisites: BIOL 3110 or BIOL 3170. Fall or Spring (not offered every year), 3 hours lecture and discussion, 3 credits.

BIOL 3190 Comparative Vertebrate

Anatomy: Emphasizes comparative development, functional anatomy and macroevolution of vertebrate body plans. Examines the diversity and phylogenetic history of fossil and local forms, development and comparative embryology of each organ system, and comparative functional anatomy of the major clades of living vertebrates within an evolutionary framework. Prerequisite: BIOL 1130. Corequisite: BIOL 3191. Fall, 3 hours lecture and discussion, 3 hours laboratory, 4 credits.

BIOL 3195 Evolution: Explores the theory of evolution from the early generation ofthe theory to the evidence present today. Discusses the mechanisms for evolutionary change and adaptation within and between species. Analyzes evolutionary evidence. Prerequisite: BIOL 1130. Spring (even years), 3 hours lecture and discussion, 3 credits.

BIOL 3200 General Physiology: Examines body system functions from the cellular level through the organismal level of organization. Special emphasis placed on the important linkage between the cardiovascular, respiratory, endocrine, and excretory systems. Prerequisites: BIOL 1115 or BIOL 3190, and CHEM 1125. Corequisite: BIOL 3201. Spring (even years), 3 hours lecture and discussion, 3 hours laboratory, 4 credits.

BIOL 3210 Principles of Biotechnology:

Looks at the principles, techniques, and applications of biotechnology. Discusses specific techniques such as recombinant DNA technologies, protein purification, and large-scale industrial harvesting of products. Examines bioremediation and drug discovery. Discusses the processes that take an idea from evelopment to a marketable product. Prerequisite: BIOL 3240. Corequisite: BIOL3211. Spring (not offered every year), 3 hours lecture and discussion, 3 hours laboratory, 4 credits.

BIOL 3215 Microbial Genetics: Explores in detail the genetic workings of the microbial world. Examines topics such as gene expression, DNA repair, and gene transfer mechanisms including plasmids, transposons, and transduction. Discusses how we, as humans, are entering the “-omic” age of discovery in biology and related topics such as genomics, proteomics, and metabolomics. Prerequisite: BIOL 2115. Corequisite: BIOL 3216. Spring (odd years), 3 hours lecture and discussion, 3 hours laboratory, 4 credits.

BIOL 3220 Microbial Physiology: Explores in detail processes, including biochemical, molecular, and cellular, that bacteria use to survive and cause disease. The understanding of these pathways is fundamental in several areas of study including microbiology, immunology, and virology. These pathways are utilized and exploited in the food, pharmaceutical, medical and biotechnological industries. Knowledge of these processes aid in the understanding and preventing of disease and food spoilage. Prerequisite: BIOL 2115. Corequisite: BIOL 3221. Spring (even years), 3 hours lecture anddiscussion, 3 hours laboratory, 4 credits.

BIOL 3225 Mammalogy: An intense study of mammals. Exposes students to the range of natural history, ecological, and management concepts, as well as receiving hands-on field training. Features active lectures and a research project, and introduces the taxonomic structures in intensive laboratories. Discusses the evolution, behavior, physiology, and conservation of mammals. Through assorted readings and field experiences, explores the evolution and ecology of the different taxa within these groups. Develops students’ appreciation for and identification of the mammal diversity in Pennsylvania and throughout North America. Field trips serve asa means to underscore and/ or illustrate the concepts discussed in class, as well as an understanding of techniques used to safely work with mammals in the field. Prerequisite: BIOL 2120. Fall (odd years), 3 hours lecture and discussion, 3 hours laboratory, field trips (travel fee determined at time of travel), 4 credits.

BIOL 3230 Ornithology: An intense study of birds. Exposes students to the range of natural history, ecological, and management concepts, as well as hands-on field training.