Issue 07 | Are You Artistic? (Artistic Leaders)

Issue 07

different kinds of leaders

The Artistic Leader Martha Graham Artisan Composer ISFP

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Letter from Keirsey Dear Friend, Welcome to this issue of the Keirsey Magazine. This month we are featuring Martha Graham, a divine representation of the Artisan Composer ISFP. We call them the Artistic Leaders. Martha is celebrated as the mother of modern dance. Her pioneering spirit created a category of dance that is now recognized and studied all over the world. I found it fascinating to learn about her and to see how progressive and revolutionary she was as an artist which transcended not only her time, but of all time.

When I think of Martha’s performances, the words that come to mind are, flow, grace, and elegance. I am thrilled at the artwork created by our feature artist this month, who did an amazing job capturing Martha’s unique essence and distinctive style. We hope that through Martha Graham, along with all the leaders that we ever feature, you will learn so much about the different types of people around us, and that you will celebrate all of the different qualities that different temperaments bring to the table. This month we celebrate all kinds of artists, Artisan or not, the world would be such a different place without them.

All the Best,

Lisa J. Choi Creative Director The Keirsey Group

Keirsey

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Table of Contents

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Portrait of a Leader & Leadership Lessons

Martha Graham The Artistic Leader Artisan Composer ISFP

Dancer of the century.

Life Journey

Martha Graham

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“I have spent all my life with dance and being a dancer.�

- Martha Graham

Collection of Leaders

The Artistic Leader

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Artistic Leaders speak through their artwork.

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Money

How to Have Fun with Your Money Enjoy money and direct it instead of letting money direct you.

Anatomy of an Artistic Leader

Are You an Artist?

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Our lives are like a work of art that is yet to be created.

Artist Credits

Mercedes Debellard Spirituality

Different Kinds of Spirituality

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Portraits of Martha Graham

Ricardo Drumond Different Kinds of Spirituality

Are you truly living? What it means to be spiritual.

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THERE IS A VITALITY, A LIFE FORCE, AN ENERGY, A QUICKENING, THAT IS TRANSLATED THROUGH YOU INTO ACTION, AND BECAUSE THERE IS ONLY ONE OF YOU IN ALL TIME, THIS EXPRESSION IS UNIQUE. AND IF YOU BLOCK IT, IT WILL NEVER EXIST THROUGH ANY OTHER MEDIUM AND WILL BE LOST.

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PORTRAIT OF A LEADER

Martha Graham

The Artistic Leader

Artisan Composer ISFP

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Portrait of a Leader

Leadership Lessons

Artisan Composer ISFP

By Edward Kim and David Keirsey

She spoke often about sexuality, politics, history, psychology, and religion. She communicated strong messages with a powerful mastery of language. But, her language was not spoken by words, but rather, through movement. Her body was her art, and her passionate displays of expression through dance spoke on her behalf.

Martha Graham was declared by Time Magazine as “Dancer of the Century.” She is notably regarded as the “mother of modern dance.” During a time where puritanical religiosity was predominant she danced seductively, provocatively, yet elegantly. In addition to dancing, she posed on many occasions for fine art nude photographers, seeking to make a statement about gender, sexuality, and politics.

She pushed the edge not just for her times, but stretched the limits for dancers and artists of all time. She received invitations to perform before Presidents, Kings, Queens, Popes, and Dictators.

She was utterly determined to push herself to the absolute limits of what was possible for the human body. She set the bar so high, that many in her industry have said that it is improbable that any dancer will ever come close to dethroning Martha Graham as the most influential dancer to ever grace the planet.

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Portrait of a Leader

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The Artistic Leader learns by persistent action in their various domains.

“I have spent all my life with dance and being a dancer,” she said. Martha Graham danced and choreographed for over seven decades. Dance was something she could not live without. So much, so that during a short absence away from dance, she became depressed and even suicidal. It was her life force. She had a groundbreaking style and is said to have “enlivened the body with raw, electric emotion.”

Her dance was characterized as, “sharp, angular, and direct movements,” and as, “a dramatic departure from the predominant style of the time.” During her distinguished career, she created 181 dance compositions, which continue to challenge and inspire generations of dancers and enthusiasts. She was persistent in her action, believing that, “We learn by practice.” This was her philosophy on life. She has said, “Whether it means to learn to dance by practicing dancing or to learn to live by practicing living, the principles are the same.” She also believed that, “Practice means to perform, over and over again in the face of all obstacles, some act of vision, of faith, of desire. Practice is a means of inviting the perfection desired.”

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Portrait of a Leader

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The Artistic Leader instinctively composes great masterpieces.

Graham’s compositions have been emulated by dancers even decades after she first choreographed them. Her compositions have been deemed as masterpieces of 20th century American Modernism. Her influence on dance has been compared to the influence of Picasso on modern visual art, Stravinsky on music, and Frank Lloyd Wright on architecture. Graham was the first dancer ever to perform at the White House, earning the highest civilian award, the Presidential Medal of Freedom.

She has also received honors ranging from the Key to the City of Paris, to Japan’s Imperial Order of the Precious Crown. Her style, “the Graham technique,” is taught worldwide, and her work has revolutionized the dance world and created what is known as modern dance. In 1998 Graham was named, “Dancer of the Century” by Time Magazine. She created “a movement language that pushed the expressive capability of the human body”.

Her masterpieces were, “Consistently infused with social, political, psychological, and sexual themes.” Her choreography was viewed as being, “timeless, connecting with audiences past and present.”

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Her art spoke volumes on the vitality and strength of a woman’s sexuality, and of her superiority at a time when women were looked upon as less capable than men.

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Portrait of a Leader

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The Artistic Leader leads by making statements through their art.

Graham had daring ideas, and she was audacious in the way she expressed them.

Her movements were provocative, seductive, powerful, playful, and yet elegant. She had something to say about sexuality, gender, beauty, and psychology, but rather than using her words, she made her statements through her art. She pushed the limits of her own body’s potential, for she had much to say through dance. Graham exerted such control of her body that dancers gasped at what looked like impossible moves. The Graham method of speaking with the body was characterized by the movement of panthers. She trained her dancers on the ground, insisting that they develop “Pelvic Truth,” teaching them to “breathe from the vagina.” Primal sexuality was at the center of what she taught her protégées.

She said, “I won’t have virgins in my company.”

Early on, it was said that men could not be trained by her because they would have vagina envy. Her art spoke volumes on the vitality and strength of a woman’s sexuality, and of her superiority at a time when women were looked upon as less capable than men.

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Portrait of a Leader

NOBODY CARES IF YOU CAN’T DANCE WELL. JUST GET UP AND DANCE. GREAT DANCERS ARE GREAT BECAUSE OF THEIR PASSION...

DANCING IS JUST DISCOVERY, DISCOVERY, DISCOVERY...

DANCE IS A SONG OF THE BODY.

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Portrait of a Leader

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The Artistic Leader leads by quiet orchestration behind the scenes.

Starting from 1926, Graham’s work has quietly inspired major revolutions. She was not simply dancing to entertain, her movement language crossed barriers to effect politics, feminism, and religion. She has danced for Popes and Presidents, while declining an invitation from Hitler. She started out by crossing into all kinds of artistic genres, collaborating with fashion designers, Donna Karan and Calvin Klein, sculptor Isamu Noguchi, composer Aaron Copland, and she has taught entertainers like Kirk Douglas and Madonna. What we see on stage in the 21st century in rock concerts, ballets, and Broadway, finds its origins in what Graham started nearly a hundred years before. Her compositions are revered as far more than beautiful artwork.

They are considered to be commentaries on the history and soul of America, a rebellion against puritanism, a major contribution to feminism, and a powerful force in the sexual revolution.

Behind the scenes of the American stage stands a woman who created a movement language that defied race, religion, gender, and politics.

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Portrait of a Leader

Martha integrated and adapted dance traditions where she saw fit, and discarded what she deemed as inadequate to express that which was her own.

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Portrait of a Leader

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The Artistic Leader takes on new challenges to expand their art.

Graham once said, “Some men have thousands of reasons why they cannot do what they want to, when all they need is one reason why they can.” No challenge was ever too great for her.

Wherever limitations existed, she sought to eliminate them. It mattered not that she arrived late to the art of dance (at age 23). Though new to the game, she had the audacity to create a dance with original roots. Her desire was to develop indigenous art that would be self-defined. Martha integrated and adapted dance traditions where she saw fit, and discarded what she deemed as inadequate to express that which was her own. She had no experience as an entrepreneur, and yet, she raised funds, attracted patrons, created fans and critics, recruited talent, and established the Martha Graham Dance Company as America’s first dance company (at age 32). What drove her was a dissatisfaction with what had been established thus far. She sought to defy the order. She believed that, “No artist is pleased.

There is no satisfaction whatever at any time.

There is only a queer, divine dissatisfaction; a blessed unrest that keeps us marching and makes us more alive than the others.”

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Life Journey

The Artistic Leader “I have spent all my life with dance and being a dancer.” - Martha Graham

I. DISCOVERING BODILY EXPRESSION & ORIENTAL ART

II. LEARNING TO DANCE & TEACH

1894

1916

A. Learns to Dance at Denishawn

A. Born in Allegheny County,

MARTHA GRAHAM 1894 - 1991

B. Becomes a Dance Instructor C. Greenwich Village Follies on Broadway D. Eastman School of Music in Rochester, New York

Pennsylvania, U.S. B. “The body doesn’t lie” C. Move to Santa Barbara/ Oriental Art D. Attended Cumnock Junior College

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M Life Journey

Martha Graham

III. ESTABLISHING HERSELF AS AN INDEPENDENT ARTIST

IV. RECOGNIZED FOR CONTRIBUTIONS TO CONTEMPORARY DANCE

1927

1970

A. Martha Graham School of

A. Depression & Alcohol Abuse

Contemporary Dance

B. Dances

B. Reclaimed Her Company C. Maple Leaf Rag

Revolt

D. Presidential Medal of Freedom

Heretic

E. Kennedy Center Honors

Primitive Mysteries

F. National Medal of Arts

Chronicle

G. Died from pneumonia in 1991

C. Short Program at the

H. Dancer of the Century

White House

D. Married & Divorced Eric Hawkins

E. Cortège of Eagles-

Final Performance

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THE ARTISTIC LEADER

COLLECTION OF LEADERS ARTISAN COMPOSER ISFP Jacqueline Onassis (

1929 -1994

Martha Graham 1894 -1991)

Barbra Streisand 1942 - PRESENT

Meryl Streep

1949 - PRESENT

Steven Spielberg (

1946 - PRESENT

Coco Chanel ( 1883 -1971

Gerry Spence (

1929 - PRESENT

Wolfgang Mozart ( 1756 -1791

Mel Brooks (

1926 - PRESENT 19

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Bob Dylan

1941- PRESENT

THE BODY NEVER LIES...

THE BODY SAYS WHAT WORDS CANNOT.

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Anatomy of an Artistic Leader

Are You an Artist?

The Anatomy of an Artistic Leader Artisan Composer ISFP Each of us enters life, pregnant with possibilities. We emerge onto a giant canvas, with the opportunity to fill it with an array of colors, textures, tones, and shades. Our lives are a work of art that we get to create. We get to become the artwork we desire. What kind of Artistic Leader will you be?

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Anatomy of an Artistic Leader

Anatomy of an Artistic Leader

Artistic Leaders find places to connect their art to the world.

Far too often, too many of us remain hidden. The passion each of us has within never quite emerges. This is a travesty because life is meant to be an experience, where we get to interact with the world. Artistic Leaders make an impact when they can plug in their passion to an outlet. When they take their artistic passion and share it with the world, the potential for impact is born.

An outlet is where a connection is made

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to see their inner potency come to life.

Their art finds contact with the world, where they can receive a response. Life informs the Artistic Leader and allows them to develop their art outside their own world. Instead of being insulated within their own imagination, their lives become a work of art. Artistic Leaders emerge as a force to be reckoned with when they reach out, and share their compositions with the world.

Anatomy of an Artistic Leader

Artistic Leaders push past barriers to create without inhibitions.

Artistic Leaders need to have unbounded time and space to compose. It is far less about sticking to a precise order, or a pre-determined plan. They do their best work when there are no restrictions.

When they find a place where innovation is encouraged, and artistic expression is understood, they thrive. In a context where art is celebrated, Artistic Leaders find that barriers can be the much

needed struggle required for creative expression. In a toxic environment, however, barriers can lead to paralysis.

As an Artistic Leaders recognizes that their art is a natural gift they possess, they learn to trust their instincts, and let their art begin to speak for them.

The art simply becomes an expression of their character, making a statement that requires very little explanation.

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Anatomy of an Artistic Leader

Artistic Leaders adapt, experiment, and discover new ways of expression.

Without fully knowing where they may end up, and without knowing what all the steps will be, Artistic Leaders forge ahead anyway. They figure it out as they go. As they try something, they discover new skills to use for every new opportunity. For Artistic Leaders, experimentation is a fluid interaction with the situation at hand.

It is not procedural where parameters are set, findings are tracked, and analyzed. Rather than being a scientific

query with rules and regulations, experimentation for the Artistic Leader is like an improvisational dance where one movement to the next falls into place naturally. There are no specific steps the Artistic Leader must adhere to; it is a dance with no inhibitions or hindrances. Development of technique occurs naturally for these leaders after they have completed their work and can look at what they have done in hindsight.

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Anatomy of an Artistic Leader

Artistic Leaders find inspiration from other artists.

When Artistic Leaders have the opportunity to take in styles from diverse artistic influences, it expands their horizons. When they keep their hearts open, and their imagination is unrestrained, a natural attraction occurs to fall in love with art that inspires. As they listen to the cravings of their soul, and feed it with titillating sensual experiences, the journey leads them to adopt various styles and make it their own. It is about experiencing the

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art of another, and allowing oneself to be engaged, and providing an opening for the art to come in and take root in their lives. From these roots, art blossoms organically through their own personality. A critical advantage exists for Artistic Leaders when they find themselves in the game among other Artistic Leaders. Involvement within an industry provides the opportunity to go beyond themselves as individuals.

Anatomy of an Artistic Leader

Artistic Leaders make profound statements through their art.

Artistic Leaders have a sensitivity to the most delicate differences. They are able to create an unusual chemistry of disparate flavors, colors, sounds, and attire. When Artistic Leaders plunge in with audacity and disregard all limitations, their yearning to make an impact shines like the sun breaking through at dawn. Rather than using their mouths to speak, Artistic Leaders prefer to let their art speak on their behalf.

Their art conveys a message revealing who they are and what they stand for.

Their art communicates far more than words—it arouses and awakens the senses. Artistic Leaders have something to say, and their message stems from the internal realm where they reside in their thoughts and feelings. When they connect what is internal as an outward expression, they make their statement through a composition of unimaginable juxtapositions.

© 2015 Keirsey (www.keirsey.com). The articles, “Portrait of a Leader: Martha Graham, (Artist Composer ISFP),” and “Are You an Artist?” have been adapted from the Keirsey Leadership Study conducted by the Keirsey Group.

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NO ARTIST IS AHEAD OF HIS TIME. HE IS HIS TIME; IT IS JUST THAT OTHERS ARE BEHIND THE TIMES.

Faith, Spirituality, & Religion

Different Kinds of

Spirituality.

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Faith, Spirituality, & Religion

What does it mean to be spiritual? The English word spirit comes from the Latin spiritus, which means “breath.” Where there is breath, there is life. And when breath ceases, there is death. To put it simply, to be spiritual means to truly live. The great William Wallace (in Braveheart) once said, “Every man dies.

Not every man really lives.” To live, we must be surrounded by air, and to live, we must pursue that which gives us life. Dr. Keirsey believed that different temperaments each pursue life differently. What invigorates one person’s life, can be the very thing that destroys another’s. What one breathes in can be wonderfully intoxicating, while for another the very same ingestion can be utterly toxic.

We believe that temperament has a significant impact on what will make a person feel most alive.

And we believe that the spiritual pursuit must include elements of connection with what brings life for you. Life will have greater meaning to the extent that you engage your nature. To live with all of you, to know the good, the bad, the lovely, and the ugly that is you. Just like we need to be surrounded by air to stay alive, each of us needs to be surrounded by certain elements that are life giving for us if we are to thrive. In this article, we explore some of the intricacies of what gives life and breath to each of the temperaments.

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Faith, Spirituality, & Religion

Spirituality as Sensuality.

The pursuit of the Artisan is sensuality. We are to, “Eat, drink, and be merry.” Artisans believe that, “Life is short.” And they want to live with total freedom, to be able to fully express themselves, the way they want, when they want, without restriction. They seek to be intoxicated by all that life has to offer. To live sensually and hedonistically. They are enthralled by the physical, wanting to see, hear, taste, touch, and smell that which is beautiful. The human body is meant to be naked, and to be stimulated to the max as often as possible, in ways that are new and exciting. For Artisans, spirituality is about surrendering to the moment that brings deep delight. In sacred literature Artisans were the ones who struggled with lust. They celebrated the sexual nature of being, and creatively explored the different ways to make life orgasmic.

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Faith, Spirituality, & Religion

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Faith, Spirituality, & Religion

Spirituality as Respectability.

The pursuit of the Guardian is respectability.

We are to, “Earn our keep.” Guardians believe that, “Life is unpredictable.” And they want to be prepared for the rainy days, to create safety, and build security in the midst of uncertainty.

They seek to restrain themselves from wasteful indulgence. To exercise prudence and discretion.

They are disciplined and approach life carefully, believing that any misstep can derail them from the path of godliness. The human body is meant to be clothed in righteousness, and covering one’s shame is what restores dignity to one’s being. For Guardians, spirituality is about surrendering our will to the greater good. In sacred literature Guardians were the ones who struggled with fear. They celebrated honor and purity of being, and did whatever they could to uphold a higher standard for living.

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Faith, Spirituality, & Religion

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Faith, Spirituality, & Religion

Spirituality as Love.

The pursuit of the Idealist is love. We are to, “Love one another.” Idealists believe that, “Life is miraculous.” And they want to live authentically and in harmony with others, to live in ideality and wonder, away from the hurts and wounds of life. They seek to engage the soul, and to live from the heart. To find their true selves and live their best lives. They are full of wonder and view life romantically, believing that there is a reason for everything.

The human body is meant to be transcended, yet is to be taken care of, for it is an earthly vessel that carries that which is eternal. For Idealists, spirituality is about surrendering to the mystical, and to be nurtured by the divine. In sacred literature Idealists were the ones who struggled with inner peace. They celebrated the wonder of being, and engaged intimately with the divine.

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Faith, Spirituality, & Religion

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Faith, Spirituality, & Religion

Spirituality as Knowledge.

The pursuit of the Rational is knowledge. We are to, “Seek wisdom and to gain understanding.”

Rationals believe that “Life is explainable.” And they want to unravel and solve the mysteries of the universe, in order to provide those explanations and solutions. They seek to use the full capability of their minds. To innovate and to evolve. They are intellectually curious, utterly willful in their quests, and supremely self sufficient. The human body is meant to be studied, analyzed, dissected, scrutinized, and explored in order to gain greater insight into the nature of humanity. For Rationals, spirituality is about surrendering to no one.

In sacred literature Rationals were the ones who struggled with pride. They celebrated the advancement of the human being, and were irreverent to the suppressive establishments of their times.

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I AM A DANCER. I BELIEVE WE LEARN

BY PRACTICE...

PRACTICE MEANS TO PERFORM, OVER AND OVER AGAIN IN THE FACE OF ALL OBSTACLES, SOME ACT OF VISION, OF FAITH, OF DESIRE. PRACTICE IS A MEANS OF INVITING THE PERFECTION DESIRED.

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Finance

HOW TO HAVE FUN WITH YOUR MONEY

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Finance

O N R Y

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ARTISAN SPENDING Artisans don’t really need to be told how to have fun. Their entire lives are about having fun. They have fun all the time. So what we discuss here and suggest might be more useful to those people in an Artisan’s life who just don’t get them. Or if you’re an Artisan, what we talk about here may give you some insight on why you are the way you are.

So here’s the scoop. For Artisans money buys them freedom, allows them to be audacious, and enhances pleasure. Fun for them is about spontaneously engaging any impulse, being over-the-top in their adventures, and accessing new and different kinds of stimulation. The drawback to this, however, is that Artisans are prone to addictions and often don’t know how to do moderation.

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3 Tips 1. Try engaging in an activity that you just never thought to try before.

The same familiar activities, at the same places, with the same people are still always fun. But, you just don’t know what you’re missing if you don’t try something new. It will surprise you!

2. Give something over-the-top. Be audacious in your generosity with someone by going far beyond what you’re used to doing. You’ll get just as much out of the impact you see on the individual as the recipient does.

3. Find activities which stimulate the senses. Artisans have the highest awareness of their physical senses. They see, hear, taste, touch, and smell at levels which are far beyond what others get to experience. But, beware, that this can be highly intoxicating, and even addictive.

Finance

GUARDIAN SPENDING Guardians need to be often reminded of the need for fun in their lives. They make saving such a high priority, that delayed gratification is the way they normally operate. They inherently hold onto the view that indulgence is wrong, and therefore, are inclined to work hard all the way up until retirement, at which time, they decide that it’s now finally okay to have a little bit of fun. But, here’s the scoop.

When they keep delaying, they eventually get too old and tired to enjoy everything they were delaying in their more vibrant years. On the other hand if they follow along with Artisans and go all out while they are young, they are driven to worry, fear, anxiety, and doubt, because it violates their need to be responsible and it tears away their safety net.

3 Tips 1. Make saving fun. Guardians love to save. They love to see their bank accounts grow, even if it’s just in small increments. And they love calculating all the money they saved from cutting costs.

If Guardians can set aside a “fun fund” where a certain amount is regularly put into that fund, the anticipation and the monitoring of it can be a lot of fun!

2. Schedule weekly date nights, or activity times with friends and family. Get involved in an activity group of some kind where you pay the money upfront, which will make you go out and have fun on a regular basis.

3. Plan mini-retirements. Instead of saving it all for the big-retirement, plan temporary retirements along the way, where you save up vacation time and money for well deserved breaks while you’re still young.

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Finance

IDEALIST SPENDING Idealists can deceive themselves into thinking that they’re having fun even when they’re not enjoying something at all. They end up trading in authenticity for relational harmony. Both are core needs for them, but far too often, they can stop being honest about whether they feel fulfilled, satisfied, or are truly enjoying themselves. This is because they are often far too concerned with others needs over their own. They are always looking to make sure that others are having fun, that they forget to have fun themselves. If they go to the extreme of thinking only of themselves, enjoyment is short lived, and turned quickly into guilt. Their hyper-sensitivity to another’s feelings kicks in, and then it’s all over. Idealists can only truly enjoy themselves when it’s fun for all.

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3 Tips 1. Let go of your fear of how others might be feeling. If they’re with you, it’s more than likely that they want to be with you. You’re the reason they’re around, so it’s best to be authentic and be your true self. Don’t be afraid to let them know what you want. This will create a win-win, which is far more fun.

2. Explore to see what you genuinely enjoy. In the name of relational harmony, you’ve often adopted what others like and neglected your own desires.

3. Realize that you are not responsible for everyone else’s enjoyment.

Playing this role can lead to a great deal of stress in the long run for you and for others. Pay attention to your feelings and connect with others authentically.

Finance

RATIONAL SPENDING Rationals find it fun when they are mentally challenged. They require intellectual stimulation for something to be worth their time. When they are spending their time with anyone or in anything that does not tickle their mind, they feel frustrated. What’s fun for them is engaging with people in ways which are clever, witty, and challenging. They find it fun to play mind tricks, to psychologically anticipate what another may be thinking, and to influence their attitudes and perspectives. There are rarely any activities which are intrinsically fun for Rationals. Activities are fun insofar as they facilitate some kind of mental titillation or if the people they are engaging in the activity with are fostering some kind of mind exercise for them.

3 Tips 1. Don’t be such an intellectual snob. Realize that mental stimulation can occur indirectly. Often you learn what otherwise couldn’t be learned by using your body instead of your brains.

Often not thinking can bring clarity to your thoughts.

2. Leap first, think later. Rationals often think too much before just going for it. Sometimes you need to just act first and think later. Allowing your feelings, desires, impulses, or emotions to lead you sometimes can be a lot of fun, and even healthy for you. Remember that you’re human and not a robot.

3. Keep investing your money on activities and people who enhance your mind. In the long run, this is your way of experiencing ultimate satisfaction and pleasure. Find others who will grow together in expertise with you.

This kind of mental synergy is invigorating for Rationals.

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Anatomy of an Empath

Artist Credits

CHOI, LISA

Creative Director & Designer Artisan Promoter ESTP

LEE, STELLA

Graphic Designer Rational Mastermind INTJ

BONILLA, FRANCIS Graphic Design Associate Idealist Champion ENFP

DEBELLARD, MERCEDES Featured Cover Artist

DRUMOND, RICARDO Illustrator

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Anatomy of an Empath

Photo Credits Bob Dylan. Digital image.

Flickr. N.p., n.d. Web. 23 June 2015. <https://c1.staticflickr. com/3/2514/3880045326_8c5c8ec071. jpg> Coco Chanel 1934. Digital Image. Flickr.

N.p., n.d. Web. 23 June 2015. https:// flic.kr/p/8NEvi9 Dance company: Nazareth College.

Lamentation Variations – Nazareth College, Rochester, NY. ¬Digital image.

Flickr. N.p., n.d. Web. 23 June 2015 <https://flic.kr/p/cCgfAm>.

Gerry Spence (1929-Present) Digital Image. Celebrity Networth. N.p., n.d.

Web. 23 June 2015. http://cdn.cnwimg. com/wp-content/uploads/2014/06/ Gerry-Spence.jpg Jacqueline Onassis. Digital Image. Wikimedia. N.p., n.d. Web. 23 June 2015. https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/ commons/f/f8/Jacqueline_Kennedy_in_ Diplomatic_Reception_Room,_1961.png Martha Graham 1: Digital image.

Artnet. N.p., n.d. Web. 23 June 2015 <http://www.artnet.com/Magazine/features/stern/Images/fstern1-27-2.jpg> Martha Graham 2: Digital Image.

Wikimedia. N.p., n.d. Web. 23 June 2015 <https://upload.wikimedia.org/ wikipedia/commons/0/09/Martha_Graham_1948.jpg> Martha Graham 3: Digital Image.

Allegria. N.p., n.d. Web. 23 June 2015. <http://www.allegria.at/fileadmin/user_ upload/bilder/gross_600x/BB_Promotion/Martha_Graham_Dance_Company/Night_JourneyLeap.jpg>

Martha Graham 4: Digital Image.

Biography. N.p., n.d. Web. 23 June 2015. <http://a4.files.biography.com/ image/upload/c_fill,cs_srgb,dpr_1.0,g_ face,h_300,q_80,w_300/MTE4MDAzNDEwNTM5NzQyNzM0.jpg> Martha Graham 5: Digital Image. The Red List. N.p., n.d. Web. 23 June 2015. <http://theredlist.com/media/database/muses/icon/iconic_women/1930/ martha-graham/051-martha-graham-theredlist.jpg> Martha Graham 6: Digital Image. Still Dancing. N.p., n.d. Web. 23 June 2015. <http://stilldancing.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/02/Martha-Graham-40-1931_jpg.jpg> Martha Graham 7: Digital Image.

Waldina. N.p., n.d. Web. 23 June 2015. <https://waldinadotcom.files.wordpress.com/2012/02/martha-graham. jpg> Martha Graham 8: Digital Image. Kristina Rostorotsky. N.p., n.d. Web. 23 June 2015. <http://kristinarosta.net/wordpress/wp-content/uploads/2011/05/ vanity_fair_martha_graham-imoghen-cunnigham-1935.jpg>

Martha Graham. Digital Image.

Biography. N.p., n.d. Web. 23 June 2015. <http://a4.files.biography.com/ image/upload/c_fill,cs_srgb,dpr_1.0,g_ face,h_300,q_80,w_300/MTE4MDAzNDEwNTM5NzQyNzM0.jpg> Mel Brooks. Digital Image. Edge.

N.p., n.d. Web. 24 June 2015. <http:// gannonedge.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/03/Mel-Brooks-1.jpg> Meryl Streep. Digital Image. Wikimedia.

N.p., n.d. Web. 23 June 2015. <https:// upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/ commons/a/a3/Meryl_Streep_by_Jack_ Mitchell.jpg> Steven Spielberg. Digital Image. Wikimedia. N.p., n.d. Web. 23 June 2015. <https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5d/Steven_Spielberg_ Cannes_2013_3.jpg> Wolfgang Mozart. Digital Image. Wikimedia. N.p., n.d. Web. 23 June 2015. https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/ commons/1/1e/Wolfgang-amadeus-m¬¬¬ozart_1.jpg

Martha Graham 9: Digital Image. Flickr. N.p., n.d. Web. 23 June 2015. <https://farm1.staticflickr.com/221/493892459_6bd3a224ce_o_d.jpg> Martha Graham baby? : Digital Image. Hubimg. N.p., n.d. Web. 23 June 2015. <http://usercontent1.hubimg. com/5033004_f260.jpg>

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