Smithsonian Institution - 1892 - The Ulu, Or Woman's Knife, Of The Eskimo.

SMITHS* )XiA\ ixsrrri' TioN. NATIONAL MUSEUM.

UNITEl-i STATES-

THE

ULU.

OR WOMAN'S

KI-IIPE,

OF THE ESKIMO.

FY

OTIS

T^

MASnx,

Curula>\ Dr'i^irtnf-nt

From

liie

Report

.\/'

Ethuolo^.

of the N.itioniil Mu?.t;um for i£jo,

(wi-h I'iates

1,11

LXXll).

WASHINGTON

I

GOVEkNMk.NI I'RIM'ING OttK. 1892.

uti

9

pages

<:

i

416

WilMW'S KXIFK,

TIIK

Itv

The iippaidtusdi'Scrihcd In

tlic

siiddlcr's

biitclici's

kiiiie,

Ivnilt', tlio tli(>

" dioppiuy

llio

sliot'iiiiilvi'i's

nindorn rcinos^Mi lilt ivo

the

Juiifc,

of fiuKstion

woman may be

birth of invention.

attended the march of civilization

KSKIMO.

Mason.

in this pa]H'r finds its

vvitli cliiiii;:o

knife,'' wiiicli

wince

'I'.

(i.siiimniyci's l;nit«', iiiid tin

rious survival of tbrm H»',8sion

Oris

iiF TIIF,

is

tiiiloi's slioars, tlii!

kiftilicn tlic

knifr.

coniiium

said to liavc lield in lior

Tliis little instrunient that is

A

cu-

Ititc^lion ])o,s-

ha«ever

called " uln," or " ooloo," l>y

tlie

Eskimo, or more commonly the " woman's knife."

It is well to r<M'.all in this (ioiincction that in savagery the jieacefnl arts, such as honsemakiii':', furnishiui;-, tailorin;^, imtchering, sleaninj;', milling, rjoking, spinning, matting, weaving, and tlie like, belong to women. Many of tlie stone implements and pottery vessels recovered from the moninls and graves are found witli skeletons of feinah's. In the study of culture, thereloie, th(,' work of women can not be overlooked.

The motive for bringing togetliei- this series of objects, however, is to show how, by means of a very simple foi'm or invention, some of the most ditilicult i)roblems t)f aut!)ro[)ology may be discussed. They will be taken ui)in

thci

following order:

zVmong the same race or stock, and in the same ]teriod, there are varieties of form, structure, and decoration, i)ei!uliar to separate culture (1)

aieas.

(2) Upon the simidesi as uixui tlie most human activity the earth and its productions

com])licated appliance of

leave unmistakable im-

pressions.

J

The coarseness or refinement of a tribe or hxMtiou is revealed iji the tools of the commonest occui)ation.

(4) The aits am', apparatus of savagery are continued into civilization, and with change of name or function retain some of their original form.

There are a great many exami»les of the Ulu in the National Museum, and there are thousands of j>ieces of shite, shale, (juartzite, and orher stone which coriespond exactly with the blades of the Eskimo woman\>4 (3)

These have been gathered from village sites, shell lieai)s, the soil, from graves, mounds, and Indian camps in countless numbers. This need surprise no one who reflects that every woman knife.

surface of the

411

UKl'OUT OK NA'rrONAL MUSKUM,

412 and

('v»>i'y </\r] iiinimf,'

I

lie.

Ajiicriciin

To

iiKli.spcn.siiblc iinpUMiicnls.

to

(joiuioivc.

of

iiuni

before

is

a

liaise

of a

IkuI oiio otiuorc

.siiva^'r

Mimplcst

lu-hl tlio

in;

with whU-h to liolp liiinself, Tlit^ simplest form of knife

iil><)ri};iii(>.s

tioiicoivt^

or

l«f)0.

s[)all

without

ii

of

tliose

kiiile is

iiiv<Miti()ii in liis liautl

of tlinty

<)r

{glassy

ma

knocked from a stone or a <;ore so as to ]»resi'rve a euttinij etl^je.

A few knives from Point Harrow are of this very primitive eliaraetei-, but these really are not within the olassi here described the nlu as it nowadays exists is a eoini)lt'\ alfair, eonsistnifr <»* a bl.'ide and a handle or fiiip with or without some foi-in of lashinjf. The blade is citlii'r a terial

;

thin piece of slate ;;idniid to an

(^d)fe,

a bit of cherty or tlinty rock chipped

wrecks of whaling vessels, (r good blades made and sold to th(i Kskimo Ity traders who visit their eonntry (IM. Lll to lA'xti).

The liamlle of this »!ommon implement varies greatly in material, In torn) alone the Kp«^oimens from each tyi)ical area form, and tinish. are unique. So much so that oiic who has handled a great many of them finds no dilliculty in relegating a stray example to its proper companto

!Ui ed};e, a

scraii of steel or iron IVcim

ionships.

In the tnatter of attaching the blade to the handle or grip the I-'skimo's mother wit has not. deserted her. Many of the blades are tightly Hoas, who lived annmg littc:d into a socket (tv groove of the handle. tlie Oumbeiland (liilf lOskimo, tells us that glue is made ol':i mixture

of seal's blood, a kind of clay, and dog's hair

(Ivoi). '*'i>'- I'^thnol., vi,

5'Jfi).

Among the western Mskimo it is quite common to cut a hole through the blade and the handle and to fisten the two together by a sewingor lashing of rawhide, whalebone, i)ine roof, or sinew cord. There is one specimen with a grip of a still mon^i)rimitive ehara<4(!r. The solid handle is re|)laeed by a basketwork of spruce root woveu around the thick upi)er portion of the blade (IM LXi,

tig. 1.)

Archa-ologists are especually

asked to note this diuice, explaining how a grip may be provided by ingenious savages I'ven when a mortise is impracticable.

In this chapter, as in others devoted tt> the Eskimo, it is tbund convenient to divide the American lJy])erborean region into the following fjabrador and IJngava (PI. LV, Fig. 3); (Ireeidainl (PI.

culture areas

:

IM. LV, Fij^s.

Land (PI. Liv, Figs. 2 and and li) ]\Iacken/ie River District (PI. l.Vl and PI. LVII, Fig. 1); Point Barrow (PI. LVll, Figs. 2 and 3, PI. i.vill, PI. Lix); Kot/.ebue Sound (PI. liX and i.xi, Figs. 1 ami 2); Sledge Island, St. Lawrence lisland, and Asiatic side (PI. LXi, Fig. '?, PI. i.xii. Figs. 1 and 2; Norton Sound and Yukon District (IM. lxii, Fig. 3, PI. LXiii, LXiv, LXV, LXVi) Nunivak Island and mainland, and Kuskokvim mouth (PI. i.xvii Bristol liay, Peninsula of Alaska, Kadiak and vicinity Figs. 2 and (PL LXA'iii to Lxxi, Figs. and 2); Indians of Southeast Alaska (PI. Lxxr, Fig. .!, PI. Lxxii.) Some of these are further divided by types and forms of olyecls.

Lll,

J.

Ill,

1

LlV, Pig. 1); Halliii ;

;

."})

;

1

.'},

TIIK

VIA',

\Vi.)MAN's

(»U

KNII

r.,

H3

OK Tin. ruSKlMO.

ll.-RKClONVr. I\Kr-KKNCh;«. |(

tmc

is |M(» wi'll aiv.ii.v

(Wi

alt) litli'd to

kiHtw

(o

II

irtli,

111

natural

Ik>

iii'j^iicil

uiuTi'.

cKiKJilicMi.s

Mn'iT lUf

(hilt

in:iii

liitiistir aii*l

(-(irtain all

lliat

;,'r('Hf

Im-

cuI

cniUrs

ciioii;,'!! to i^MVf )(Uiii aii<t color of llu'sc ciiIhik" ansis.

It iiiav have I'scaiM'd ohscrvat ion. Iiowcvrr, tliat in Hicso limits tliurc iirt- oJli'ii

Miiliilivision.soi'

di.stiiKit

TImi hlskiiiio luml

to (nciytliiii;;.

^s^ll)

mark on man and

is oiio

art-as uliioli iinprcMs a

TlicMVoMi, Ill's knirt'

*still

more

dfiinile

and

tli,stiiict

civili/ation.

lii.'^

is

Coiind liirouglionf

Soinc port foils of this

liic

Kskiino region, (rom Lal»

can strip have loii;;- liccn under the iiilliicn<',c of the inisMJonary, the trader, and the lisherinan, and their ])art in deleiijiiiiiii!; tiie sliiictnrc of tlie iiln wid .sdoii l>e made Unt thealteniai ion of .slateandcliert in tin- lilaile is f^ovei tied to appear. by natural (londitions, the almiidanec of the niateiial in the sicinity. A possihility of iraftii- iniisl always he aHowed for; Imt in a tariff nnmlter of iiiiphnneiits of this kind, if they were classed by the material of (he bladi!, the localities would not l)e very badly ini.vcd.

Miu, failing,' in this, tlu' iiandlii t)r ;j;rip comes to tiie help of the stiideiit.

If this be made of antler we arc somewhere within the limit« of the moose or tiie In tlic Ilndsoii I'.ay rej^ion some of (he handles ariiof muskreindeer. ox hum, iv tiling possible in fj;reat numbers only where this creature alxMiiids.

And, rirc rersa, the presence of the iniisk ox may be based upon the occmrenco of implements made uf the horn. Walrus ivory handles not (Uily indicate the i)res<Mice of the walrus at any <;i\en point, but ill a jfreat collection like that in the National Mnsenm, the abundance and accessibility t>f the walrus arc indicated by the dillnsion of the specimens. A j^reat many handles of wood in the south of Alaska s[)eak with sullicient clearness of the fact that this material is more abundant in soiue localities than in others. fiidoi'to Katliak,

HI.

The

Ii.n

|>(mI)oi

-DlUiKKK.^ OF RKFINKMMNT.

remaining uncivilized areaw examination of the grade and kind of civilization ]toss(>s,sed by any people as indicated by their arts. Some of the nliis in the National Mn.seuin are as coarse as savagery could make them others are very beautiful.

Indeed the same locality furnishes both and intervening kiinls, due, without doubt, to individual ability or [lersonality. lUit some areas furnish only coarse work, wliije others supply the most The problem is a eomple.K one, and innst be studied with beautiful. caution.

White inrtnenee has <;rept in to embarrass the question, giving I'lskimo furnish the best of all the

for the

;

the following classes of results

:

Knives made out and out by white men and sold to the Eskimo, having blades of steel riveted into handles of antler cut by machinery.

(2) Specimens made appar"ntly partly by the shij>'s l)Ia<;ksmith and partly by the native, a kind of joint i)roduction.

(1)

T 4U

Uyi'OUT OK VATFONAfi MUKKUM, IWO.

(.'{)

frotii

HiM'(!iiiu'ii«

Nos.

ill (

t)

1

;ilii|

WHS

marks a very

I'ui'

id' th<i

ailM, ;ind

iiativo

oiIum' iiiatiM

tl(!<;i(U'(lly

iitls ;,'iUh«*r««l

iiativo

tliaii it

hut tlm

iinilerial,

«!arviny[

in'<5uliar pliaso <ir c.ontat^t bi'tweiMi

<*(

more

uarytiil

ex|di(;it,

proiliieiiij,'

in

on

study by

when

se<!ti(ms

all

tiie

luohiioloyists

flio

This

Hava^^-ry

and

iircli-

voyuutuis and e\|»|MrerH

our continiiiL in the sixteenth Kiii{:fle, industry or soe,ial

(d

Tliey only smi^'ht to prollt liy their native no simply n'lnovecl the st(me arrow (loiiit to

al>orinines.

ord<'r

in

jiiiil

more

muAle no attempt to ehunyje a

eeiitiiry, (he.v

Htrnctiire

lie

'I'o

entered the

jh

iron or stmM bladt's sv{ in native Ii.ukIU'h.

eiviUzatioii, wortli.v

aMdoyiNts.

inm. wood,

ilii.»(jaHO

of

iiiatli'

iluiH- will)

toini of uhiH

ami

m

1!.

.S|)i(Mriicns

liaiidlfs

IVnii

iiiihIc

TImi ait

wnM'liK.

ih)

t(»

one ot hoojiiron, or replaced the bow by a iielier impleineiit, 11" at the same time the. traders broii^ht steelbladed poeket knives, steel files, and a few otlier primitive tools, and if at this period

siilistitiite

the idle.

building' moumts and earviii}; stone, then we -itill the iiiitives wei coiiM easily aei'.oiint ty)r the nuu'e relined pipes and olliea- artefacts which seem to point to a knowleil;;e ol' steel, wtilioiit rei.itiirse lo tln^

fraudulent iiiaiiufa(;ture. At any rale, the art of ivoi'y carving bloomed out amonj,' the Eskimo lUi the acquisition of steel carving t<tols. The Uussiuu fur trader » and the Hudson tJay factors have lieeii always careful to jireserve the native la Ins sim|>lic,it.y and When this to break up liis manner of living as little iis possible. golden mean was transitended the native ait began to decay. The most iiiielligent and skillful were wit over to the higher arts of the cultured race.'i and the older arts were let! to languish in the suburbs even of barbarism.

8iisi)icioii ol'

i

(5)

Specimens entirely native

material and workmanship.

in

These

are the rare sjiecimens, treiiuently old, mostly from out of the way places and not <d' the highest (inisli. The liinilations are those incident to

the poorer tools of savagery,

or

chi|)|>eil

The.v iiave blades cf polisheii slate

stone; handles of wood, bone, ivory or antler;

glue uf

ualive manufacture or lashing of spruce root, rawhide, or siuow.

IV.-.SI'KV1VAL8.

The

ulii

is

Haddlor's knife

found

in

civilization

and the kitchen

under t^'o well-known forma, the

knife.

may lie seen in the han<ls of a workman on the monuments (IM. i.ii, I'ig. 1). showing that very early in the hisindustry, just as soon as a sufficient number of men could be re-

The

saddler's knife

Epyptiaii tory of

little by little assumed more mascniline of wuman's occupations. It is just as if the woman of an advancing peoiile had taught the man to work in leather nnd had then passed over to him the apparatus of the craft. It is worthy of notice that the shoemaker has repudiated the ulii form ami the cutting I'rom him and has adopted the common knife. The sad<l!er

lieve<l

some

from the function of weapim bearing, they

of the

TJIK I'LU,

WOMAN S

(III

|>«>r|)e(uat<-s tor ciittin;^' liMtlicraii ini|il(>ini'iit t1f.si);iiiMl to

MkiiiH IVoiii

liiiir

cJiopiMT

kif( hell

l'Ui\

the

\vlii<'h

thiiii thi- roiiliiiiiiitinri It

tinii.

ami

l<'i'(Mii

Itofiiiiniii!,'.

«liiiii;;o till!

up

lifts

we

tliiH

uucd with

vm'.v dillrnMit, (conception,

ii

Mtriu-tiu'c

it

with

air

culliin' of woiin'ii

^itMt

(Irpiivfil

liiiitV

pritnitivo ollites, coiiNi^iuMl to a sinj^lo

tlm l«»

it'prt'stMits

of

l>c.

not, Ihm n riiiiovi'il.

wuiiiiiir.s

liiu

siiil

is

Uhh

im

KNIFK, OK TMK KSKIMn,

It'il

to

one

iioiitiy ail

i»t

wliicii

HiiA .ij;ei'.y aliiio.st oxi;lusiv»'l.v

its aiiciiMit

i.s

uaMier

Civili/atioii

in»'n.

tliiouuh nnoiikmi.

k'.ss

tiiiic-

8rai(!«l.> liad at

it

n'Ucctioii tJuit it

I.Ihi

than the cultiiif of

no

of

iriodilicutiuii

Mi'ii

down

j^'o

in

not loarn occupations dianu'trM'all.v opposite to iIiomm they have Ikhmi pinsuiiij;, and occupalions which Ihioiiyh j,aMH'iatioiiH they have considered de;^'radin{,', tlu^ siruj^gU', t',an

LIST

01-'

SPECIMKNS ON WIIICU THIS INVKSTKIATION WAS

HASEIi.

From the foundation of the National Mnseiun many friends have hrouRlit specimens from the Kskinio re^'ion, The ol>li};atioiis of every student are due and can not he too emphatically expressed to Kenckner, liessels. Turner, Kumlien, Miintzer, Moas, Hall, Mi;l'\trlaii.', lioss, KeaHereudeen, Stoney, l>aker, Dall, Klliott, iNelson, McLean, Swan, and others not now reFisher, Johnson, Api»le/,'ate, The Alaska Commercial Company has lost no opportunity to calU'il. help in the matter ami has Kiitl»<*>'<'d on the west coast one of the l>est The accompany iiij,' list does not 8'UM?8 of Eskimo ol>iects in the world. include every specimen in the museum it embraces only those on which nicott, liay. Murdocli,

;

was based.

this investigation

Mus

Oat.

Ni..

Hy

Locality.

wboiii col. lected,

163()

Anrti'MuuKiver.

2272

...do

MiKmuio

58l3 <M0)

.XutltT-

Kort Amlcrsiiii

7419

Kep;il«<«

("D

-

loctoil.

2t3r,3

Norton Lslund

24;io:.

...do

Nf wliikli

Do.

Do,

43432

St. MichiiidH

Do

43HA0

Unalakl«iot

439o9

Xiibviakcliiilifik

44l>iO

(.'ap"

Dailiy

Do.

i.;ii|n'

Nomo

Do.

L.

tiiilf

W. A.

St.Michapls ...do

Do.

St. Michiiflla

T)o.

Noi-I on

Sound..

MiniZL'i.

Ntdson.

33744

i

Do. Do.

..

Do.

S( MirliHclg

I'lover

Hay

I

Noiiiviik

4«257

48H23

Ki>.il).

(7infi:

33628

33745

llivi>r.

Yukon

—

-

DhU. Nilson.

I

Do.

i

do

2n97;i

M. Tiirn'T

TuriitT.

Cumberland

454hU 462'.(i

»o.

....do

21376

Swan.

Xunipr.

St. Mithat'ls

24305

N(I.Hcin.

Ij.

383tl6

Hall.

IiiiliiuiH

Viikon

3H255

Uo.

.

Buy

Kootznon

33766

Bv whom

I-dCftlitV.

I»o.

McFurlaiin.

Hoii llivor.

lo:;ir.

Cat. No.

Mil.'*

I

...

Do, Do.

3R310

Knnjjisr"

37327

Ajjiiikchiif'uluk

37741

Kougii;

37960

Ifiigivtnut

Do.

38120

Niilokh

Do.

..

Do.

Uo.

48H4il

i'

,7lflS)

Do

do

48(!:il

559 It)

Do.

.do

III

JHtol

MtKiiy.

Hay

5591C

...do

Do.

5,S918

...do

Do.

55018 '....ilo

Do.

55918

...do

Do.

.'>6660

Point Itiirrow

63705

Uolhnni

Itil^t

.

Kay. Nelson,

col-

416

RKI'OKT OK NATIONAL MUSEUM,

Matt. (ut.

T

By

.»ii.

LiM'alit.v.

No

6;t7(M1

!

63916

Iliitliaiii

w1inii\

0(»l-

l»>i'teU.

I

Inlet....

'

MiiH. Cat.

Nelauo.

UriM'iilaml

63919 |....<lo

Hy

I.oimIIIv.

No.

Point

Kiuukor.

811(187

...tl(.

Do.

896K8

-..<Ii>

I

1890.

H.ii

KiMliak

f'iHlior.

j

8%8g

iMiI-

llX'ltMl.

low

K,iy.

Do. Do.

I

72510

wliiMii

...ill)

J)o. j

7J6I1

;

n:m

'.

7r)4!N>

I

Ka(li;ik(r)

Oilova

Uo.

lj'n>!avii

K»l7,i>)iuo lnUxDil

Stoiie.v.

'JOKVJ

ItriHtol ISay

UOllO

Koiliak

Do.

75-llff

',.... ik)

Do.

("a|)f T.iMliiiino

S8(i78

I'oinl .

8',I5!JI j

80".'4.".~4'; :

8!H.7.";

!

Hanow

HritHli

.

..

11. I>.

^9fif4

I'o.iil

,

Uni'Mni

...

ia,'04:!

liay.

.

...il.)

....do

Fi.'ther. '

!

I.awrouc-

Do.

Do.

l»\-

NolHoti.

.

Aii|iU'i;:ito.

anil.

Siviiii.

...ill)

Him;-,

St.

..

(Jdliiiiiliirt

I'dint liiiriow

liiriiii

...ilo

Woolf.'.

Do.

'

U0'J,>9

j.. ..(!(.

I'tfil'^

.. ..•{',

UcLi'an.

73497

"tlfiTCi

89U0I)

siiku

Smith

Islantl

I'o^iHk Uivcr

Dr. K. IIohnaIs.

.

Do.

12738!)

luuHln'k Kivor.

Do.

l'J7;2->

l''ott

Do

1J77:;6

i:!.MHlik

Dii

];ioi;i7

Kimkokvini Kiver.

\V'ran;j;()l

.

Do. FisliiT,

Do. Vy.

Aillw,

ir:;-'«y^,?^r.u-e&«i:,iii:r.

T

EXPLANATION OF PLATE

Lll.

Egyptian Leather-worker, and East Greenland ulus.

Fi^'.

I.

An

K^yiitiiiii lf;itlii'i-\V(irk(T iisiii";

the

••

s;i(lilli'i"s

knife" or saddler's

ulii.

From Wilkinson.

Fi^s

'J,:!.

and I'l.

I.

East (Jnvnland form of nlii. from flolnrs EtlinoKraphic Sketcli, to he rompanMl with Mackenzie Hiver tyiie. IM. V of thi;:; Hoth sliow contact with lMiro|H'an whalers and fur traders.

XIX.

jiaper.

T

Report of National Museum, 1890.â&#x20AC;&#x201D; Mason.

Egyptian Leather-worker, and East Greenland Ulus.

Plate

LII

EXPLANATION OF PLATE Greenland V'v^

FbA.

I.

-2.

ulus, en

Woman's

Llll.

Knives.

from Kiist (ircciiliiiid. lo he ((iiiipiircd with 1^1. Ill mid IV of tltis work. From Holm's Ktlinoj^rapliic Skclrli, IM. XIX. Wo.Man's KN11.-K (TM). HIadi'ol iron in form of ll.c bottom of a lu'll, insertitl in i\ fi;roovf of tlif walrus ivory iiaiuili'. Tlu' latter is in two pit'ces sewed toyjctlier witli sinew tliioad. its upper portion projecting; at the ends. rill

Width Cat.

Made

of

X.>,

;'.

ivTdt:!,

inehes.

r

S. N. JI.

EsU-iiiionf

Smith

Sniin.l. (ii-ci'iiliuul.

'iifl

of (lovfj-iior

IV'iifker.

Fiji.

;i.

Wom.xn's KxiKKdiA'). lieil,

inserted in

blaile,

Cat

I'j

;i

]?lade of iron

in

j;ro()ve of ihe liecji veil

form of

a vertical

.segment of a U inches

ivory liandle. Handle,

;

inches.

N".i

iiil'.MK.

I'Viii-lcn-.

r, S

N, M,

Kskiino of liKTimvik. (Jrceiilanil,

IK^i.

(iift

of (iovenior

r Report of Naiioral Museum, 1890.

Mason.

Gheenland Ulus, or Woman's Knives.

Plate LIU.

EXPLANATION OF PLATE Ulus, or Fig.

1.

Woman's Kmi'k willi T)

ii

2.

(I.ti,i

iiK'lu's

;

.-.tfiri. liM'.IKi.

Woman, s Knifk

iiiscrtc'l

ill

11

LIV,

Cumberland Gulf.

Knives, of

liludc of iron

).

slfiidiT siciii

Cut. No.

Fig.

Woman's

in (orin

<it'

spiiiilli'-l'onn

ii.

.si'^cmumiI nl

;i

of ivorv.

liiiiidlc

cin

Ic,

Hlinli-.

inclics.

'''i

r. S, N. M.

rjiiTiiavik, CiviMiliiiiil,

1S.H-.'

(iilt

of (li.vcrfmr Ki'iirkiT.

lUaiic slifihtly (•ifscciit-shaiM'd. rivctcil to tlic iron

ici-L').

stem ont' sidi' hy nu'.'in^ ol' from a wlialc siii|). Tlic

tlirrc iron rivets.

smitliinv: is

wry

Tlu'Ki'ip i^"f oidv. prolmhly

rude.

Ijcnutli of

Made,

."i^

inrlics.

Cat.

N(i.

W. FiK-

'•>

:.",i'.i;;i,

r.

s, N,

M,

Woman's Knifk bowie-knife

(ii.r).

Ultidc ol

This

|>oints.

driven

ihroiiiiii a

area,

Len.iilh of |p]:ide,

Cat. Nl).

W.

ICskinm nf

Ciiiulii'i-hiinl

(

lull. isn;.

Cdllccti'd

liv I.iciit.

T. Minli'.cT.

--".Hr.H

iron, slender, the

riveted to

htindle of otdc.

1,0,

T. Mint/er.

is

C

t{

S. N.

two ends

reseinliliii!>r

plate of iron serviiii; as a

;i

Rude

smithing:: ehariieteristic, of

stem tliis

inches.

M.

IvskiriK,

iil'

Ciiiiibriliiiid

(iiilf

Co'l.vt.'d l.y

IJi-iit.

Report 0' N^limal Muieum, i8J0.

M«on.

i

Ulus, or WOMAN'S Knives, of Cumberland Gulf.

Plate LIV.

EXPLANATION OF PLATE

LV.

Ulus, or WOMAN'S Knives, from Northeast Canada.

Fig.

1.

Woman's

Knii-k (riA).

ivory hasi' of

tlic Ki'il'

<>'

[iUvh'

{lie

iimsk-ox horn,

with sinew tln-ead to Cat. No.

Fig.

-2.

Woman's

1(11! I,

Kmi-f,

U

tlif st(>in

tiic lilailf

M.

S. N.

(ri.l).

licll-slKipi'il. rivcU'il

liiiinll''.

IVUy

Tln'

liaiidli'

of antler insiTtfil piece, liii.v.

iieii^tli

isri.

Blade of iron,

a (\vv\i ;;rn()vc of

inti)

consists of tlircf parts. U\o int<i tlic j;ri|i

(.'(illeclca

l.y C'iiiit.

('.

fa.i-sliai)ed. riveted to

on one side with four coppi-r and one iron

and sfwed

of knif<'. \S inches.

F. Hall.

the iron stem

I'pper end of stem

rivets.

driven into a grip of miisk-ox horn.

A very graceful piece, tlie sid(>s of the hlade were roii^hiy cut with a cold chisel or tile, iieriiapshya wiialiiiK s]ii|)'s

Fig.

3.

Length.

carpenter.

Cat No,

Woman's

Ul-,'l.-).U.

S.

Knii'F. (li,i).

closely the shape of the (td'J.V.l,

M.Tiirn.T.

inches.

ISTl.

(

'(.lli.cttMl

by

Blade crescent-slia|ied. fastened

liandlc of untler liy an

Cut. No.

\

N.M. iKloilik Ksklmo.

iron rivet. lila<le.

r.S. N.M.

The grip

Wiilth

<(f

lilade,

('apt.

in

('.

K. Hall.

the stem of

tlie

of the handle resemhle.s 2!,

inches.

F.skiino(.f fiiKava, Caiiaila. ISSI.

CoUccti'd

liy

[.iici.-ii

Report of Nat onal Muieum, 1890. -Mason.

ULUS, or WOMAN'S KNIVtS, FROM NORTHEAST CANADA,

Plate LV.

vT^m?^^

EXPLANATION OF PLATE

LVI.

ULUS, OR WOMAN'S KNIVES, FROM MACKENZIE DISTRICT Ki,!4.

'•

\V'>iMAN's

(CM Hindi' uf iron, Ik^II slia|ic(l. Ilic iiii|i<.r rtiar<;in two stems of antler, tlu' latti'i- |(a.ssiiij,;liii-oii,i;h Miorliscs in tlitor i;ii|).

The s|M'ciniiMi copies vc'i> rlo.scly the nHidcrii cliopiier Knii'k

),

rixcli'il to

liamlli' kiiilt'.

Widtli oT

Cat. Nn.

lilailf,

I'.S.

J-.';-,'.

iiiclics.

I.',

\ M.

Ivskii

f

.Xiiilri'sdii

Hivcr. N.

W

raiiiwui.

Cilt of K.

>lrl>';lrlillic l'i>4.

•-'.

Wii.Ma.n's

two liy

(

;>.

(11, fi.

rivets

I'.lailc

ill.

\V(>MAN''s

ol

hiade.

N'.,

:

ll'l.

iron.

ii-a|ii'Z(ii'lal.

w alnis ivor.w upper marjiia Tor

its

lastcncil

The

l>>

liamlle

a lacing- ol

means of pierced

is

wha)elK)i.ie.

inches.

-"ij

I'

ol

into a lianilje of

iidonhle row of holes on

Width Fi,u.

Kniki-.

copiiei

S. N,

M.

Kskiiii,, .,(

|-'i,rl

.Miilrrsori.

(lift,

if

|{

:\|iKai-l!iniv

Kmik

hi, II. Hl.ide ol' sheet iron, inserted withonl rivets into a slit in the handle ol' walrus ivory.

The latter is excavated on both sides ti> (it the haiiil. and ornamented witli wlialehoiie |ilaced hnni<,di perforaI

tions in the upper

Nu.

Ii;.)e.

oidei-

with

Width of

of similar stvle. (.'.-It.

1

f s \

Jk'l'arlaiiK.

M.

sliulit

variations.

Xos. ."iSpJand Tllilaro

hhide, 5 inches.

KslviMMinn'ort

,\iiiliTs.iM, N. \V.

Canada.

IWit

(iil'tiifU.

Report

nf NatiO'-al

Musetmi, 1890.

Mason,

Ulus, or WOMAN'S Knives, from Mack? Nzif District.

Plate LVI.

oBmryf.

'ft

EXPLANATION OF PLATE

LVII.

ULJS, OR WOMAN'S KNIVES, FROM NORTHERN ALASKA. Fig.

I.

\Vi)MAN-> Kmii: UTiiovf

ill

toralcil tioii

and

IMadr of inni.

(11,11.

a liaiidlc

nl' waliii.-;

a(li)rnc<l witli laciiif;

."iKIll.

1. ^, N. M.

K>KiriMi ul

Width the

i

inserted in a

,liii|),-.

11

Imnlcis uf wliicli arc

ii|i|((i-

of uiialcliniic,

scrvcN lor siispcji.sion MriiiHs. Ctil. .N'o.

ti;i|.r/,.)i.|;il

i\(iry. (lie

â&#x20AC;¢

A

of l)ladc.

Ih cf

doui)!*' :(

couo

]ii'i-

i.tTlora-

iiiciics.

Mai-K^'ii/.if

Hivr

(iifl

dl

I!.

.^IcFiu'laiii'.

Fig.:.'.

Wo.viANs Kniki; (CLl). liandic.

No. Cil'l

Fig.

;i.

S'.Mis;. !'.

II.

f, s. N. M. I!a.\.

f S

\\i>M.\Ns KNii''K iri.i).

handle the

Cat

rings.

K>l<iiiie nf

set

f;roovc of walrns ivory

in

cacii .side of the latter,

\\'idtl!

I'oini

of liladc.

Iiiurow,

:\

made

caili

inches.

.Miuska.

IKsi

CoILm-IivI

by

.\.

liladc of

drab

slate, in

handle of airier.

a

The

two M'|iarale pieces lashed together and Iwld lo hy the sinew passing through the hole in the npper margin. of

coDsi.-^ts

lilaile

Width

.-iati',

ornaments on

and two coneentvie

of a dot Cat.

Hladt- of diali

Tln'if arc live

of blade.

Ne.

CaiK.

:;

inches.

S!ii;ss.

r. S. N.

r. If

Kay. C.

M. s.

K-kiiiio nf

a

)>,,iul

l!an'>.\v

.

.MasluJ.

I.SS).

(.ollected

l.y

Report

of National

Mjseum,

1890.

Maion.

TllL'

lo

^^^^^s^

Ulus, OR WOMAN'S Knives, from Northe'<n Alaska.

Platl LVII.

!5

EXPLANATION OF PLATE

LVIII.

ULUS, OR WOMAN'S KNIVES. KROM NoRTHEHN ALASKA. FIk.

I.

AVOM.\N"s KMI'I', in^

tliiit

tjiii;;

tnir.x

at

to

till'

No. iii'i

WtiilHi.

r

II

sinew lashing ('ii|il

Viii.

:i.

is

KHiiSil.

f. S. N. i;ii.v,

ji

liit

I'.liidc ol'

noteworthy. f. S

(ri.t'i.

N.

M

\.i, S!i(;;r, (

iilil

I'

II

Ifill-sililliccl

\\

Dllllillc f\ccl)lii|)\v,ir(l

serves for a

liidi

diivcn into

taiij; is

ill

iirojcction cxtfiuls

nf aiillcr

ilir i;raiii

K''il'-

of

I

fur '

.'i

"'"

In' aiitiiT

iiiclics. rniiil

ol'

Marmw

AlMska,

.

of drali ^latc. iirc^^ularlv Tlir iiicndinji of

Width

ICsJMino

f, S. N. M.

of hhide. roini

III

IKMI.

(

'ulli-clfil

by

tlii'

inches.

:!

Hai-|M«

lri.iiii;ular. tlrivcii

handle hv ineaiisof

.

.Miiskii.

I^Kl,

r'l.lli'ctcd

liy

A,

l^lade of slate,

."i]

^^M

-i

antler.

handle of l)one, heteroeereal.

Length,

I:

liil

':sl;iin<i

!M.

a cut in a

I

iiiij;iilar

V. s. A.

P H. IMy. f.S,

Knike

\^'()Man's

a

(if

I

of liladc.

(fi.n.

into a;.;idovc of

Nil

cm

till'

Width

Woman's KMhi;

(lit

an

iiiiir^riii

usual niftliod, the

till- fiiii.

1

Mlildc of hnnistdlli'.

lll.l). niii'

iM'ii iiiti)

ill

cm.

Fi;;. 2.

upon

\\

hieh

is

an irregular

e;u'veil into

trian;.!,!*'

instTted into

the shape of n

tisli's tail,

iiiejies,

Kskiim.

|{a>. r. S, A.

nl'

I'miiiI

H.iri'ow.

Aliiskii,

IWl.

t'(jlli'cliMl

hy

"T

R*pon

o( NationtI

Muitutn

Uljs, or

HjO

Maaori

WOMAN'S

PLAIt LVII

Knives, from

Northern Alaska.

EXPLANATION OF PLATE

L!X.

Ulus or WOMAN'S Knives, FROM Northern Alaska, Fi^-.

I.

Woman

s

Kmfkhiji.

Tlif taiiK

cut

ill

lilacc.

llif

which also has N<i.

t'iil.

S'.t.V.tl.

I'lipl. V.

Flu.

â&#x20AC;¢2.

Hlmi'Mil slalc.M)iiu'\vli;it rlcavcr-sliiiiM'd iiiKliioiMtcd.

end of tlichlailc A liaiitllf ot wiiali' lil). (lie

:it

split of]', to

l-:skiiM.i

:M.

Kiiv. I'.S.

Woman's Kmfk dl.n. one side

Blade of slalcsct

the stiai-ilt hack

.-iiltKlii.

(M|it. r. .

I.

Woman's

Length.

r.

S N

N.I

.s'li;;.-,.

1'.

U.

S

H. Kuy,

S.

7;

Cillcrii^i

iSM.

Ijy

<>!'

a

handle

(if

hone,

I'ciiif

l.v

Harrow. lon.i;

,,r

I'oirit

li,iiTi>\\

Blade of pectolite. the

I

Len};tli.

Kskiine

"\1.

S.

sl.'nder. >howin.i:-

which the material

\\

on

as .separat.'il.

.

.Maskn,

ISs-l.

(,,lli.,-nMl

liv

A

wantin.u'.

N.

Al.islca. ;ssi

and

indicN

IvsKiniM

AI.

V

lia.v.

Handle

Cupi.

in a .i;io"Vi'

pectolile.

doidilesasv-cnt

Knii'k di.ti.

this ie^i,,n.

Cai

II.

iiicliPs.

ISmi-Iiav. Al;i^kii.

is

i>l<iiuo nf

>l.

Uladeof

thi'

Handle wanting;.

i\

N"

W'o.MAN's KMi'Kiri.f!.

I'Ml. N...

!)

deep

the liladc in

fastened hy a lashinKof rawhide A lar^ei hole reeeiv.- a strinj; each.

whiehthe handle

Cat. N... WMWi. \\ s.

Vh

insortfil in a

liidf liolds

Lenjitii of handle. Ml inches.

for suspension.

;!.

raw

Lcn.utli.

I'l'im

i'I'

ol

A

passing, throu.uh a jierforatioii in

.

ii.irallclonraiii

iasliiii'z-

a packin.u oi skin.

r. S. N.

U

a

is

A.

nl'

l'..lril

.-pecial

form of jades

in

U' iiieh(>s. r.arr.iu.

MasUa.

!SK.l.

(

'ullfrlf.l

l)y

Heport of Nat gra; Muatum, 1890.

Mason

Plate LIX.

,<Mmmmmmmmmmmimmm

i

«

M

Ulus, OR WOMAN'S Knives, FROM Noiithern Alaska.

EXPLANATION OF PLATE

Woman's Knives, from Kotzebue Sound.

Ulus, or Viu;.

1.

Woman's Knife iiili.

Cat. N. li

Fij;.

'J.

.\l

I.

.

,

iron, (iiiudraiit-sliaped. iiisertcil Hriiily

or Ki'ipoi' niiisk-ox horn.

111'

i.tlH), ..(

Bladi' of

(cia:).

i;;-*^ 11.11

!â&#x20AC;¢

LX.

.S.

N. M.

U. S.

ICskiiuc) nf

l.H,'<4.

l)lii(le.

'k iiR-lies.

CoUet'U'd by Lieut.

.N'.

Bladcuf

S\).m.\n's K.>iKK(rLv I

Widtli ot

Kot/.t-lme Snuiiil,

lioriistoiu-. ran-sliapcd.

HaiKlIi'waiitiiiK.

Wiiltli.'M inches.

Cm.

;

<i.

Fi^.

;i.

,. ,.:(!'~.

M. Sti

I

U.S. j.v.

Wo.m.vn's K'mi-k (um pine liandlc. which Cat.

Nil.

riilirii.

Woollc.

.'

S.

(

iOskiiiio

IMiui.

,.

r.S.

'.

is

N

iif

Kcit/.i'bui'

Sound.

l'-H4.

CnlUvtcd by

r.ii'Ut.

V )l'

jadwtc.

M.

EskiuK.

lit'

and highly ])oUslu'd.

Length, (i\ inches.

tiiiii

altogether modern.

Cniie T.ishunu',

.Vliiskii.

set in a

Collected by

II. I).

Report

of

Nat onai Museum, 1890.

Mason.

Ulus, or Woman's Knives, from Kotzebue Sound.

Plate LX.

EXPLANATION OF PLATE WOMAN'S

Ulus, or Fij;,

1.

Knives, from

Woman's Knifk iCH). tioii

from

(uic

HUuU' of

margin.

Hotham

LXI.

Inlet and Cape Nome.

huiiistoiic.

witii a

lcu(-sliii|)iMl.

Tlic liaiKiic isof ilic most

jirojec-

piiiuitiv.- cliaractcr,

of (wicr. wnippt'd hack-wanl ami foiwar.j lonKiliidiiiailv linnly in plaft« iiy cross twining and weaving;- of Hh- same

iK'iiiK foriiu'd

and

lu'ld

material.

cm.

M. l"ig.

'J.

Tlic intfrstlccs arc tilled witli tish scales.

Ni). (Wniri, .Sldiit'.v,

Cal

Nil.

lOhl.i

.M.

I

Lenfrth.

llolliinn Inlfl, Alaska.

;}i

indu's.

CnllfclcMl hy I.UmiI

(i

N

V. S.

Hlaile of clierl or Hint material, inserted in a haniijiper mar^!,in

of the latter at eitlier corner arc three

or ^^rooves.

mnWi. r.

.M. St(in.',v. ;>.

N.

.S.

Woman's Kmkk (ii.i). dle of wood. On tl:e cro.ss );aslies

Fi^.

r.

WoM.XN's Knikk

r.

S. N.

M

l-SkiiiKMif lloHiain

Iiili't.

.\laska,

i

'ullci'i.-d \,y l.iiMif. (f.

N

s.

(I 1.1),

Handle of walrns ivory ahrnptly wedfic-sliaped.

Ornament. <;roove. and lu.-rriii};- l)one on

like the kernel of a Hra/.il ntit.

top, lines

and

allernatin,n'

resemhlinK inverted Cat. No.

II.V.IS,

.Vfksuii,

l",

S.

tooth-shaped cuts on the side, with live scratches

trees. .\,

M,

I'ockel ^I'oove for hlade.

KskiiiUMif

Cupe

Noiiii', .Vluskii,

Length. l.SM(l,

(

:2.Unclies.

'(ill.'ct.-il

by K

\V.

Rtpiirt of rJat or.ll

Muitjm 1890

Plate LXI.

Mison

'I

Ulus, or WOMAN'S Knives, from

Hotham

,,

Inlet and Cape Nome.

EXPLANATION OF PLATE Ulus, or Fig.

I.

WOMAN'S

Wo.M.vN's

Knives, from Plover Bay. St.

Knife

II. :.'.

Norton Sound

4t)-r)(i,

L'.

S.

N. M.

iiiscrt.oil

Kskiiiio of I'lovcr May, Kasfciii .silxM-ia

CollciH-tl liv

W.

Knife (rnj). Blade of iron, evidently not designed for the handle, set in a pocket groove twice too long for it. Handle of walrus ivory, wedge-sha|)ed. wider in the middle.

Length of handle, 4:1 inches.

\VoM.\N"s

\V ;5.

Hltule of iron, rcctauKiilar.

(ui.L).

Dull.

Cat. No.

Fig.

LXII. Island, and

into a iiockct gniovH in tliu handle of antler, much weathered Almost identical witli specimen from St. Lawrence Island. Lenj^th of handle, 8 inches.

Cat No.

Fig.

Lawrence

1-,'riKW.

r. S. N. M.

Kskimo

of St. Lawifiii'i- Island, isso.

Colh'ctcil l.v K.

Nelson.

Wo.M.vNS Knife (ri.r). HIade of slate, very large, inserted in a small grooved piece of ivory and held in ])!ace hy a packingof rawiiide. Width of blade, S inches. ("at.

No. iVWi.

IJ. S.

N. M.

l.ncifii ;M. Tnt'ticr.

MjiIhuuii

Kskimo of Norton .Sound, .Uaska. follcetwl hy

Report

of

Ulus. or

Nat'ona-

Museum, 1890. â&#x20AC;&#x201D; Mason

WOMAN'S

Knives, from

Plover Bav,

Plate LXII.

Sr.

Lawrence

Island,

and Norton Sound.

EXPLANATION OF PLATE

LXIII.

Ulus, or WOMAN'S Knives, from Norton Sound Fi.,'.

\.

Woman's Knife

(i;i,i).

Blud.' of iron, ii tnmcateil circnliir st'^'mcnt iiia Ki''><)\<'in liamlle of walnn ivory.

Tlic ornament uroiiii.l the Lonler i.y alternation of points give^ a fuiiienlate etrect.

Tiie iiateliing is poorly done. Blade :ii inches.

scrtfd

ill

(ill.

11

Fiy:.

•>.

Woman's

M

Ne. .ICI.y f. S N. iiy K. \V,

Knih-i.;

UiialiKiiiul KsKiiiiu

i,f

si. Michiifl-., Alii.ska

CnlliM'tt'd

Ni'Isoii,

Blade of diirU

Hi.ii.

groove of \voo,leii hanspecimen lias never lieeii

slate, set in

the hitter jyerforated for suspension. used.

Leiifith of lilade. inches. ille.

Tliis

."i.^

fat. N'd. VU-.a. V. S. N. M. I'l W" Nflsdii.

Fi-

;i.

liy

4.

Woman's

K

M

Kn(i.'k

t"at. N(i.

riialitriiiiit

Blade of iron,

iiii.r).

The

(\.ll.-i-t,',l

•J|:iiiii.

Ii'i'ti'd liy

W.)MAN"s Knifk

L'. .s.

N. M.

laicieii y]

(L-i,f).

is

Cal

.\

K

.St,

Micliacls. Alaska.

Cnlj.-rt,.,!

inalifjiimt

\V

(•

s. N.

N..l.s(Mi.

colored

Kskiiiio

.if

St. 'Miilmfls,

Alaska. |S7S

c,,!

TiirinT.

Bla.le of iron, usual

ditninutive specimen.

No. iwi,;. liy

,>f

in-

in.serted

lieautifiiily

of the handle of walrus ivory. ineiit.

Kskiuio

hv

inn groove of the walrus I.y use and cut out in comlaneperfectl ylightne.ss and .strength. Wiilth

latter

graceful curves, so as to of lilade. :i.( inches.

r,.

MidiiU'ls. Alaska

\V. Nelsdii.

ivory iiandle.

Fi.H-.

Kskinio. st

Wom.vn's Kni|.k (11. 1). Blade of slate, uii.symmelrically l)cll->liape<l. >erted in a grooved hiindle of soft wooil.

Width of hiade. lij inches.

Cat. No. a-iril, U. S. N

Fig.

riialitriiiiit

.M.

form, inserted into ihe -roove is in shape of an oranue seyBlade '.>,'„ inches wide.

The handle

I'lialakli-i't

Ivskiiuo,

.Xort.iii

Smiri,!.

\laska

(

olU.rl.M

Report of National

Museum

1890.

Ulus, or

Mason

WOMAN'S

Plate

Knives, from

Norton Sound

LXIII.

EXPLANATION OF PLATE LXIV. Ulus'or WOMAN'S Knives, FROM Norton Sound and Lower Yukon.

I'lii.

\.

Woman's K Nii'r ;iii(l

(I

H).

hack,

stiai>;lit

Hliulc of lilack slnti'. tyiiicjil in in

iiiscrtfil

hi'ld in iilacc liv a la->hiiin of llirnut;li

;i

niiihcd in

ImiIc

No

flit.

:)M-,'.M,

r. S.

N

tlic

spruce mol

i:i<iiKiiiul

iiirvciU'(l<;t>

iia.ssini; tliioiiKli tlic

LcuKtli

llic i)ladc.

.M.

form.

gi'oovf of a ciiiiiisv |iine IkhkIIc.

Kskiiiio.

liainlif

and and

hladc. 4} inches.

nt'

Colli-cteci liy

Yiikeii.

\.u\\i'f

K.

W.

Nt'lsdll.

Kijx.

'-'•

Woman's Knikk

This sort of perforation

sides.

hlades of slate.

Leii.iith.

S inches.

M

i;i;oKinut

No.

K ;!.

made

sunk on the two (.'at.

I'ij;.

Hiadr of drali shitc. loiij;. not hy holing hnt liv

(li.il.

witli a iashinti-iioic.

4,SKt|,

S

N.

i.s

ijiiiU-

Kskinio l.owci- YiiKoii

coUHnon

.Miiskii.

<

in iihi

'olli'i'tt'd

I'V

Nelson

\V

Woman's Knikk Its size

r.

ami finiiislicd meeting nf frj-ooves

sicniliT, tlie

(1 l.i).

indicates

its

Hlaile of <lark

slal<'.

in

use for cutting lish and

form of irciilar segment. meat rather than skins. i

Lenj:;th. ini inches.

Cut

No.

:i;!;i;(i.

liV K.

Fij;.

t.

I",

S

N. M.

Miili'inul

l•.'.^l<illlo

of Norton SouihI

Alaskii

CoIIim'IimI

\V. Ni'lson

Called a meat-knife in Mr. Turner's catalooue. (fl,t).

Blade of cleaver shape, riveted into a verv deep .uroove in a handle of antler. The latter jirojects from the lilade ami liason its underside three

Woman's Knikk

deep

lin.u'er

('ill

No.

grooves.

'Jl-'tli.").

F*ierce<l

U. S. N. M.

for suspension.

F.enoth of knife, S inches,

I'MiillKniut Ksklino, sonlli of Noi'ton .Soiiiid, .Vlivska.

Repu'l

of

Nal.onil

Mmsum,

1890.

Mjson,

Plate lxIV.

* ^w ii iwm ipftmfiii

i

,A'A\# ,i'^A"\\\\\V''^''

./ii'''i

''\

Mill

1

""'

Vl»»-v<«**»*w'-«;^

"

'

Ulus, or WOMAN'S Knives, from Norton Sound and

Lower Yu KON.

EXPLANATION OF PLATE LXV. ULU3 OR WOMAN'S KNIVES, FROM NORTON SoUND AND VICNITV,

just ..nouKi. to t».- '""•k

^

of a

„..

1.01.,

raxo...

i,

:;7"''

,,J,

1

i.oul.n.s

„•

,

J

' ,

""^•'"•"'

i

r':" /"IT!"'"'

''^^

Cat. No. .r;!.. r. S.

WoM vN-s

.\.

K^,KK „,.n.

'"''ioi!"''

'•

'

"^^

,'.,ll..,,..

•

K.

W

v,.,s.,n

.-..--:;;r:;;";^,™:::;i:

i:;:;;;;;;";;,::r"'

0.

'^

;::;^"T;ci."n:;.i;;:;'-'''-''"--^^^ '^"^^"•»'^^-.i;ski.Moo.N„nival.lsl„M,l. Alaska.

n,.

'"."•"""

,

M.

na...

'

f

walrus

ivo.-y

ui.i.

'-'^'"-"•^''•-'"H.y, Alaska,

IHHO.

,„...a<l

.t..,n

like

Col.e..,...n.v K.

W.

Rf pott

of

National MuKunrii 1890.- Muxin,

Plate LXV.

^e^is^r^ ---y^rsjmr^^^

"NK

\://

Ulus. or

WOMAN'S

Knives, from

Norton Sound and

vicinity.

EXPLANATION OF PLATE

LXVI.

ULUS, OR WOMAN'S KniVES. FROM NORTON SOUND TO KUSKOKVIM RlVER. ri.H'.

1.

Woman's

Knikf. ai.ri. metal Mailr. without

one end

l)ro)eitioii at

is

in

tion consists of scratches IvCtiKth.

and

a coarsely cut

Blade wanfinj^.

j^'Utler.

inches.

'i\

No.

(';U

walrus ivory, witli slit for iiKsfrtion of There is au openiiij;- to form tlH';;ri|). and a The ornamentannltalion of a seal's head.

IIuikHi' of rivets.

iKlliH.

r. S. N

N'iiliilili)|iiK';iiHiit

\|

Kskiiiiw. .\l.iska

nil Tlfil

(

liy

I'.

W.

Ni'ImiIi. I'i^;.

'2.

WoM.w's metal

Kmki'.

Ifandle of walrus ivory, with

(fi.i).

without

lilade,

rivets.

The^ri|(

l)ody of marmot, the head project scratched on the liorder and livedots.

Cat. No.

.iSfJii,

f

NM.

s.

is

for insertion of

slit

formed by theelonjj;ated Oriiameiitation, three hands

cl(>\erly

iuj;-.

Mlade wantin>;-.

Niiloktolo>r:iriiiil

Kskiino.

4^ inches.

L»'n>!;th

.\lrtskii

CoIIccI.mI

liy K. \V.

Nelson.

_Fig.

:i.

Wom.vn's Knikk. (ii.ri. Handle a <leiicate specimen of ^^alrus ivory ui form of a sledjjje, the groove for tile metal hlaile in the cui'vecl portion.

The ;;ri|t separateil from the hlade pieee liy a lonj; open .-,pace. .\t the end of the handle is the head of a seal devouring a miniature walrus.

The dot and circle ornament is useil. l,enij;th. 4^ inches.

No

Cut.

:tr!«i(l,

l.y K.

Kiii.

1.

M

'^hii.'i'iiiiit

Kskniioof Kii-kokviiii

liay.

Alaska

Collccli'il

Small handle of walrus ivory, fairly carved, and a metal hlade. On one end is the head of .some animal, on lhe<ithera human face, and all over the surface dots tind a dee]) o'loove for

i^eomeiric

I.en;;th, I, inches.

)i.ittern?-.

No

Cal ").

S N

WoM.w's KNiKKd'M'i. liiiv ino-

Fij;.

I'

\V N.lson

:VM\-iS. I'lialit-'iimt

Wd.M.^NS Knipk

(ii.i).

Kskliiio. St. Micliaels. .\laska

Handle

(vf

antler,

Culli'cteil l)y Iv

and unii|ne inform.

tion to the usuiil jiToovefor the hlade. (he haiiille diri'i'tioii

ij;]oo. <ir

put

to t'orin the head of an animal.

hut. of

otit

of the

Cut.

No

Iter.

.an

r.

.s

is

N M.

doj^s.and a party of Eskimo.

KsKiMioof Norton Somnl.

all

in

ono

shown the thino;saro

Leno;th.

ColliM'leil

Nelson.

In addi-

e.vteiided

the sides are

lOskimo family, the scalfold. on which

way ofthe

^.m:);!!,

Upon

W.

(I

indies.

liy Liicicii .M. Tiir

Report of Natinml Museum,

18M.â&#x20AC;&#x201D; Mlion.

Plate LXVI,

Ulus, OR WovAN-s Knives, from Norton Sound to Kuskokvim R IVER.

EXPLANATION OF PLATE

LXVII.

Ulus, oh WOMAN'S Knives, from Kuskokvim District.

ImK-

1.

Woman's Kmh; iiiclal

in.i

Hiunllf

).

liliidc. witlioiit

st'fuii'

'-i.

No.

Woman's

:i;:Wr.

Knii'k

pairs

ill

Itlade,

;{

In coiict'iitric

flfci-t.

msn-tioii of

cularKi'd to

riiif;:s

Hladc wautiiiK.

form a

varicj;atc(l witli

LfiiKtli of liaudlc,

ii

r. S. N. M.

Atfuiattaumtf Kskiino.

Blade of iron,

i.i).

and fours and

<'ross

set

Aliiskii.

Collfi'ltMlliy

K.W.

Ni-lsori.

in tlie

hatching;- in the

lower part.

Width

of

inches.

No.

("«t

:i

Hil.V. :(.

is

Ki'x'Vfof a walrus ivory liaiidle. With endless variety of detail tliisforni of liandl.'. with a cresc tiitsliaped opening, is typical.

Ornaiiieiitaliou, a unmve aliove with cross lines

FiK.

witli slit fur

iiiclifs.

cm.

Via.

walrus ivm-y.

Tlie oniaiiuiitatiou

Ki'l'

KnM)Vf(lli!ics liasa pU-asiMK :ii

..f

Tlir outer iiiiirKiu

rivfts.

;j|i:,

isr',).

U.

S. N.

M.

CoUi-i'lcd

Woman's Kniik

by

KiiiiKiKiuia(.'iiiMuti' !•:.

W

Kskiiiici

ncn-lli

slnpii'

nf

Kuskokvim

Nilsoii.

(tLl Handle of walrus ivory, very Ki'iK'iiilly carved and ornamented with thickened hase for lil.ide. a crescent -shaped ra/or-

lack on the

).

margin, a very thin diaplira^nn helween the hase and which is cut away on its upper inarjiin. 'I'he blade Is of and the whoh- piece is very heantiful. Length, ;{i inches. n|i|ier

npjier lorder. iron,

No. i:m\\7, V.

fill. (

vnis

.\(ller.

S.

N. M.

i:skiiiio •>(

Kii.sk.ikviin

Km-r

Ahiskii

((.llccted

by

Report

of Naiionai

Mii»«um, 1890

Mas

Plate LXVII.

6i

Ulus, or

Woman

s Knives,

from Kuskokvim District.

EXPLANATION OF PLATE

LXVIII.

ULUS, OH WOMAN'S KNIVES, FHOM BRISTOL BAY. FiK.

L Woman's Kmh.: „,,-,, of

|t

issiniplv . hla.l

w,M,.i |„,.,vt..i aiMl (itt.Ml alx.v,..

.111.1

on

11...

t..,.

.•,.|,

so that

sh,,...

,.1

will,

Iu.hII..

.,

Mewls

sla

tli..

II„,u,kIi

iM.vi.|,.„t that Nv.-liav,. lM.n.K<.ll,..il...|.nvil„.waln,.aiv,, olsini,.. Willi .,,i„.|i..i.lal IVa..|Mn., It is als., ..\ i,|,.„t that Irom tli,. Iin..s „| .\l...ri-i,.al an.l i;iin.|,..aii travel trallir

it

.in.l tli..n.Ki..h

w..

away

an.

1

l-«'iiKlli

1)1'

•-'.

inciii.s.

)i'i

.\|i)ili.t;ii|..

I

KiK.

liiiii.lk',

\V..MAN's Knifk

(i-,.,-,.

ii.HMll..

sliorl .la.kk.nf... I.la.l,. ia.-lit'.l <'.ii

vMth \...

.siii.'w. i-,'r;.T..

liy

('n|l(.,-l..il

FiK.

.i.

Woman's Kmkk twic,. near I

'lit

I.

\\.

.(

,1

N.

>i.

5

slat...

r..s..M.I,li

tmiiMular

l.aii.ll..

,

an.l

iricli(.s.

.i^'lilliilil

l-Miiiii,,

Hla.l..

.,r

M

Kn.,.nisli

l.-isliiiij.

,,(•

A la.skaii

l-^'iishik,

i^riiliiini

slat .',

I'l'iiiiisiij,!

t\

,,1

ItnstuI

KsKirii,,

ir

sciiiicir.iilar.

rivets.

,,r

i.n.

(i

HI; iil.'ol'

wnodrii

'<'-sliM|...<l

liaiiill,.

|!i,y.

Wi.llh.

Aliisl, M.

slal... l..;il'-s|ia|,..,|. ins.. it.

at

ii II

im^l''

('orat...l ((.r tlu' tliiiiiih .'iixl liM-..is, aii.l f,.r

in.

tl„.

Fish,.

i.n.

S \

nia.i.. ,,C

I.

tli,. ..n,| ,,f

iiitrc'il ,',

in,li. s.

('i.1I.M.|,m|

<

'f

4.')

.

suspcnsi,,],.

'.I

Tl II'

in

the

..nil .,f

liaii.llc is

jj

|...,,M,h'„7| laii.lli'

'I

('ill.

Nil

I,.

risi„.|

'Man's Kniii-.

•''

W

s.

w

into

iippoi mai-Kiii fur

tli..

\(i. IHUl'.i. I".

\v.

F\^:.

ii

I,..iij;tli,

(•

,.r

ii,s,.i|,.,l

l'.'r:(,s

.

r s

N.

M

Ksk Mii..i,fT.rial,

lliu-f.

C.ll.M.t..,! |,\

I,

Applf;;!!!.-.

Rtport of Nitiond

MuMum,

1690.

â&#x20AC;&#x201D; Mtton.

Ulus, or

WOMAN'S Knives, from Bristol Bay.

Plate LXVIII.

EXPLANATION OF PLATE

LXIX,

UlUS, OR WOMAN'S KNIVES. FROM BRISTOL BAY. ^^^ .MAN'S

Viis

Hu-i

Kn.!-,.-,

Bla.l." ..r

in a ixH'kct ;.r..nv,. ,.f tiaii syiiil.nl ol

tl...

<

>.•.

(•«t.\,. W..IN,,. f. S.

Vi'A.

•,'.

WuMANs

Km,.-,.;

(I

w..,„U.., han.ll...

1.1

ivmy

11.,.

M

Tumpaiv ('ill

N,

..f

Hhs,„|

„t

.V.IMS.

.'.ill„r,

N M

lik,.

..nv,.|,i,.|.t ,-aN

l.cn-il,.,V( in,

r, S.

,!„v.

s|at.., ins..,„.,l

Tl... lalt.r is .sl,a|...,l (

nmm.r.

iMs..,t..,|

Nvl.ich iia> thr slia|K- of tlu" Kkvi)jihIm.s.

;{j

Ksl.i,,,,,

Hla.k

,.

eve. tl,<...|„.,uM« lull, Mila Kt'i-.

ii-ili.

i,.

N.

in,,,, in s|,..,,...„r . sl,.,|plia.i.ll,..

{•>|, K>.kM,i,.

,.!'

i„

Alaska

;.

<

'oil..,..,.,!

,,..,.k,., ..,.„„... ..f

tlu- KKV|.tia..

sv,„l..,|

in fur ilminl.

and

WnMANs l.(.i'kt'i

K.MiKiil.i .m-„,\,.,.r

iv,,iv liaiKlir.

pyiiiiiiKrical upniin,.'

Clll

\.

.Vt|S

f. s

|lns|.,|

M

uiii.h

tlniinl. an,

f,,r ih..

N\

.-..kimn

o|

iiii.l.ll,.

IJn-

Kay.

Alu.skii.

(',.ll,.,-l,.,l

(\ \„

l,y

I

lias

a

tinpTs. liav.

Hi-iMipI

..|i,l.

iK.t.lu'.j Lfiij^lJi,

.Mask a.skll,

ins.Tl.Ml i„

Lack an, 41,

».

\V,.MA.N-s ill

Kmi-K

(il.ri.

Itla.l.'

an,l liaiull,' uf

sjiap.- <.f a l.m.l„.r-.-< kiiilV.

i.a.i.l.uiv.. an.l

make.

C.ii

sl.;il,il\

I,i'ii;4tli, t),

\.,

.-..V.is/,,

McKav.

r

I

la-

u-:.'..!

latlcr

to th.'

..n,.

]m-rv

is riii|..,|

I.a<'k.

,.f

ii

iin-

I

in, 'lies.

(o||l',l.'i|

liy

.MrK,l\ Fit;.

the tla-

li.'s.

I{la,l.,,f in.n, n.un,!...! at .itli.M

>.

III.

I

C..,-

M,-Kiiv I-'i^

C

I.y

(

I,.

in.i,. tli,. f..niier

,,vrv tlic l.la-U" in a

si,,-

IM,l,.Mtlv not of native

inili.s. .s.

N

M

l-.skii.i,. ..1

HnM..|

n.iv.

Alask.i.

(

.,ll,-,.t,.,|

l,v

(•

I,

ftepoit Qf Ndtiori4i Muiiuun.

\S90

Ul'js,

Plate LXIX.

Meiior.

oh Woman's Knives, frum Bristol

ft^y.

EXPLANATION OF PLATE Ulus. or ••U.

1.

WOMAN'S

\V.,M.vN-sKMPKa,,... <•!

vvM.,.|..|,

tl...

Iliuinl,

(a.

;iii(l

N,..

•I

FU.

V.

Is

I

KhHl.,,,

l„M„l|...

nil.

1(11,

x,,i,,i.

II

I

.

s

MM..l,la..ksl.,.. M.UMa.le..,.,.nrk..t^r....ve

s,.,,.,.

linger.

'

M

\

,„„ „„

,.,„

LciiKtli.

Kski,

,„„,,

|,,i.„,|

r

„,,.

,i,,,.,„t.

"t '•'.lar w,„.,|. an.

nia,

I-

s

f

-lat... s.,

pla.v

in

li..|,l

I

UM'il >|MMimt'n.

Cal.N... :Mn..,

u.sK,,

!;„;».

;(.

\V.»M

w's Knii

I'll.i

""'""-'' ""•'•' N,.

l-'iu.

).

U'.iM ,

,.„.k,, „.,....

in a

a s,.izin-..r

\,y

Kskii

,,

bsim.n-

"n.l..

I

w|,i..|,

..v.T

S.S M

KM.Ii.,k

•

'"'''' I,v

''"'••

.UN..

tl...

''I"' ''.""ll':.'.-.ll,

f s \

,

in a 1.

A vix

w.,.>.i.

\l„sk,i

I..),.,,.!.

sial... slia)...,!

nm.lit..,,

II,..

U-

.uhI

.,|,|

nil. •.!.. I

I

1

M

I'

il„.

,1,..,

^lal...

an.l

I.an.ji..

1-^

K..,|,mK

lan.T, 1..

like a

,|,..rt

in

..f

a

..x,-,n-..,in..

M.nk

il„

vu^iaiu

,|.

lasl„..|

,,,,.sin.

tin.

Is.

-.-....x..

^hmv,.

ih,.

,.r

.-.n.!

1

tl„.„

,„ssiM« fhn.u^^l. ||„. han.ll.- '.„,

..r

|..n-!l,.

IvMiii^.l.i

v\V

„||..,.,

,

|H„k..|

in a -r.-.v..

^I'iii ll.-sl.a|....|

|.;skim.,

Ak,>k„,

tl„. l.la.l,. I.v si„..,v

an.l

\V

..ri,la.l...(i^ in.li..s.

,.! ,„.!

Mt

l,\

nnnuT.

.sl...luv

a .plini of ,,«„

I.v

.

Wi.lih

lian.li...

of

'^'-"l"'

s,,li,|,n«-

an.l tlin.uu!.

i.

KskiM,„„l

.„.. ,u., ,,a,tst....,

tl... I.la.i..

''""'

Hla.l.-.,!

),

.111.1

'.HiU-:.l

\\s K ^"''-

'^""'I''-

,•

I.cnpili. 7; inclio.

N. M,

lMalian.ll...,( w,„,.|,

«'ai

u,1..

r„l|,.,.,..,|

Fisli.'i i''i>;-.

,,.,_,^,|^. ,.^^^

iiirlic^.

:i-

V

WoMvv. KxuK, ,,,.., iiiiii'li

LXX.

Knives, h,om Br stol Bav, Alaskan Peninsula, and Kadiak,

.

!t

^

in,.|i,...

,.||,.,.i,.,i

i.v

w

,J

RviW

o'

Nut

...

il

Mjs»

;ir

'890

M«»on

Plate LXX.

1

Ulus. oh Woman'.t Knives, krom Bri,-;ol Bav. Alaskan Pf.mnsu.

a

anu Kad

ak.

EXPLANATION OF PLATE Ulus, OH FiK.

1.

WoMAN-s KviKK cvlui.lncul

smew, (loiM I

FiK.

a.

..11..

.a

"'

"

I.arKV

N...

r, S.

T-J.-.«(l.

nhknnwn

i.,

,.

X

,.

M.

slat.'

in

ivaMMi

|.,.nKlli

KskiMi... Kihlliik

ins..,!-,!

,,la,.,.

is

uf

l.v

in

a

,.

Rrnnv,. nf

lasl.inK

MivLIkmI luiHalli l.hi.l...

(..ll<.rl,.,l

:,';

l,,v

..r tli.'

lat \o

l„.nKlli ;

i.lil.j.

..f

liandli..

s. N.

I

..r

Mail...

t!|

\„ :,•;;•,'.,.

W.J. jslu.r.

I

!•

tl...

l.rai.l.Ml

Iiantll.-

inclirs.

W.

.1.

Vinhrr

Ula.l- nf i.nn. r,vsr..n.-,sl,ap.'.. an.l Imn.ll.M.C w.mmI

M

tl|

lor ni.-at

iii.hi.s.

Tlipinii liKlimis. Silkii. Alasliii

\VnMAN-sK.v,n;ai.r». 151a. margin ol il... Ma.l.. isalan^ (al

oC

1,..1,1

'"^'''>' ""i'ittiiiK llios.. Ml MS,. an...n«- .ivilix.r.l |.,.o|,l,.

'

Width

l.la.ir

w..n,|. a.ul

lasliiny i.Ml).. nil„.i-.

Woman's Kmkk '

(VIA).

lian.ll.. .,f

LXXI.

from Kadiak and Southward

s Knives,

ulu. h fniM.nic

«lin|)|.,rs.

Fig.:!.

Woman

(clIiTt..,! I,v

llan.ll..wan.in«.

f

slat...

I-!

iinla's wi.l..

i,,

ivn.l...-

it

T T M.F

r,,..n

tirrn

..iiii

il... „|,,...,-

in ilslian.ll..

ini'lics. .

S.N.

.M.

TliMK'it

In.luiMs .,M-..il

WrnnKl.'. Alaska.

(„ll,.,.w,l l,v

Rrporl of Nitional

MuMum

18»0.

Ma«m.

Plate LXXI.

?i

v^^H^

Ulus, OR

Woman

b

.

C

Knives, Fr<oM Kadiak and southa'ard. i •

y^