A Journey Through Time

A Journey Through Time A Guided Walking Tour of Chesterfield Inlet

Snow Fence

Airport Runway

Trail

Proposed Residential Subdivision

Road to Itivia

Historical Reserve (Thule Sites)

Air por t Ro ad Road to First, Second & Third Lake

Tariuraq R.C. Mission RCMP Barracks

Hudson’s Bay Company Proposed Harbour Development

utt aa

Residential Lots

Ro ad

to Tuk t

Nuvua

Historical / Archaeological Site

Tuktuttaaralaq Continental Alliance Mission Trail

Points Points of of Interest Interest 11 Ship’s Ship’sMast Mast

18 18 RCMP RCMPDetachment Detachment

39 39 Whaling WhalingBoats Boats

22 Hudson’s Hudson’sBay BayCompany CompanyComplex Complex (now store warehouse) (now store warehouse)

19 19 Grave GraveSite SiteofofRCMP RCMPOfficer’s Officer’sWife Wife

40 40 Hudson’s Hudson’sBay BayCompany CompanyFox Fox Fur Drying Shed Fur Drying ShedSite Site

33 Pig PigHouse HouseSite Site 44 Current CurrentR.C. R.C.Mission Mission 55 Original OriginalR.C. R.C.Mission Mission 66 Mission MissionShed Shedand andQuonset QuonsetHut Hut

20 20 Water WaterReservoir Reservoir 21 21 Community CommunityCemetery Cemetery 22 22 Pitsiulak PitsiulakCo-op Co-opWarehouse Warehouse 23 23 Health HealthCentre Centre 24 24 Former FormerRCMP RCMPCompound Compound

77 Ste. Ste.Theresa’s Theresa’sHospital Hospitaland and Mission Missionoutbuildings outbuildings

25 25 Community CommunityComplex Complex

88 Sir SirJoseph-Bernier Joseph-BernierFederal FederalDay DaySchool School (first (firstschool; school;now nowhotel) hotel)and and Pitsiulak PitsiulakCo-op Co-opStore Store

27 27 Noel NoelNuvak NuvakArena Arena

99 Nunavut NunavutArctic ArcticCollege College-Learning LearningCentre Centre 10 10 Turquetil TurquetilHall HallSite Site 11 11 First Firstdoctor’s doctor’sHouse House 12 12 Waterfront WaterfrontArea Area 13 13 Iqalukpik IqalukpikFish FishPlant Plant 14 14 Victor VictorSammurtok SammurtokSchool School 15 15 DOT DOTBuildings Buildings 16 16 Power PowerPlant Plant 17 17 First FirstRadio RadioStation Station

26 26 Community CommunityDock Dock 28 28 Naja NajaIsabelle IsabelleHome Home 29 29 Conservation ConservationOffice Office 30 30 Chesterfield ChesterfieldInlet InletDevelopment DevelopmentCorp.

Corp.

31 31 Kingnguvaaq KingnguvaaqLtd. Ltd. 32 32 Elders EldersHome HomeCare Care 33 33 Community CommunityFreezer Freezer 34 34 Dog DogPound PoundSite Site(fence) (fence) 35 35 Housing HousingAssociation Association 36 36 Rec. Rec.Hall HallSite Site 37 37 DOT DOTGarage GarageBuilding BuildingSite Site 38 38 RCMP RCMPBarracks BarracksSite Site

41 41 Northern NorthernStore Store 42 42 Beacon BeaconTower Tower 43 43 Daycare DaycareCentre Centre 44 44 Former FormerRC RCMission MissionResidence Residence 45 45 Greenhouse Greenhouse 46 46 Mission MissionChicken ChickenShed Shed 47 47 Mission MissionShed, Shed,Freezer Freezer 48 48 Mission MissionPower PowerHouse House 49 49 Floating FloatingDock Dock 50 50 Former FormerDOT DOTWeather/Research Weather/ResearchStation Station 51 51 Float FloatPlane PlaneDock DockSite Site 52 52 Housing HousingWorkshop WorkshopSite Site 53 53 Chesterfield ChesterfieldInlet InletSettlement SettlementOffice OfficeSite Site 54 54 Hudson’s Hudson’sBay BayCoal CoalStorage StorageSite Site 55 55 Inuksuk Inuksuk 56 56 Former FormerContinental Continental(Alliance) (Alliance)Mission Mission Residence (In Inuktitut, Residence (In Inuktitut,Ajuqiqtuijirlak) Ajuqiqtuijirlak) 57 57 Former FormerHealth HealthCentre Centre 58 58 HBC HBCShed ShedSite Site

A sure sign of previous habitation, a tent ring on the tundra near Chesterfield Inlet - Lee Narraway, August 2002

Chesterfield Inlet Then and Now Welcome to the “original” Arctic community, Chesterfield Inlet, which celebrated its 100th anniversary in 2011. The story of the hamlet of Chesterfield Inlet goes back to the early 20th century when the Hudson’s Bay Company and the Roman Catholic Church established permanent operations at this location in 1911.

By the time the Bay arrived, the Inuit in this area had already met and worked with the qablunaat or Europeans. When the Hudson’s Bay Company schooner Pelican unloaded materials for its first building at Chesterfield, Inuit came from their camps to see what this new group of arrivals were planning.

The Inuit have inhabited this area around Chesterfield Inlet for over 4,000 years.

Around 1000 A.D., the Dorset culture, followed by the ancestors of the modern Inuit, the Thule people, spread across the Arctic and down the Hudson Bay coast.

When the climate cooled, interaction between widely separated inhabited areas became difficult and each group of Inuit adapted to inhabited resources. A number of regional cultures emerged.

A Journey Through Time

In the area, around Chesterfield Inlet, two of these Thule sub groups were prominent.

One group is known as the Qaernermiut, the northernmost sub-group of the Caribou Inuit. The other group was the Aivilingmiut, who relied more on the resources of the sea, the Repulse Bay area. The Qaernermiut lived and hunted in the Baker Lake (Qamani’tuaq) area. They relied largely on caribou and fish. The group closest to present day, Chesterfield Inlet (Igluligarjuk) area, were the Tariurmiut, who lived along the coast.

For hundreds of years they moved up and down Chesterfield Inlet, travelling inland in search of caribou, and then returning to the coast to obtain food from the inlet and the bay. As patterns of travel were established, so were central camping areas. Over the centuries sod and stone houses were built on these sites, and a type of village started to emerge, the Thule sites. One of these sites is located just outside of Chesterfield Inlet, and this site may have had a population of several hundred inhabitants before any early European explorers ever sailed into the area along the coast and north of the inlet.

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A number of Thule sites near Chesterfield A number of Inlet Thulewere sitessurveyed near Chesterfield and excavated Inlet were surveyed and excavated in the 1920s by Peter Freuchen and in the 1920s Therkel

by PeterMathiassen, Freuchen and Danish members Therkel Mathiassen, Danish members of the Fifth Thule Expedition, headed by of the Fifth Thule headed by under the KnudExpedition, Rasmussen.

In 1968, Knud Rasmussen.

In 1968, under the direction of Charles Merbs, the Northwest direction of Charles the Northwest HudsonMerbs, Bay Thule Project (NHBTP) (or Hudson Bay the Thule Project (NHBTP) (or to insiders), Sixth Thule Expedition the Sixth Thule Expedition to insiders), began excavating several archaeological began excavating Qamaurvik, Silumiut, and Thuleseveral sites atarchaeological Qamaurviksites. , Silumiut and Thule sites atIgluligarjuk Allan, P. McCartney Igluligarjuk sites.

Allan P. McCartney led the team excavating sites between led the team Chesterfield excavating sites Inlet between and Wager Bay, including Chesterfield Inlet and Wager Bay, Silumiut site. the large classic Thuleincluding the large classic Thule Silumiut site.

Some Inuit history was preserved for Some Inuit history was of preserved for form of stories hundreds years in the hundreds of years in the form of stories and legends passed from one generation and legends to passed fromToday, one generation the next. residents of Chesterfield to the next. Today, residents of some Chesterfield Inlet can recollect of the early era Caribou can often be spotted near Chesterfield Inlet - Lee Narraway, August 2002 Inlet can recollect of the early era the arrival Caribou can often be spotted near Chesterfield Inlet - Lee Narraway, August 2002 of thesome commercial whaling, of the commercial theMounted arrival Police, the of the whaling, Northwest of the Northwest the earlyMounted Hudson’sPolice, Bay Company post and early Hudson’s Bay Company post its traders, and the firstand Missionaries, its traders, and the first a legacy of Missionaries, more than 100 years. a legacy of more than 100 years.

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A Journey Through Time A Journey Through Time

Visitors EarlyEarly Visitors during winter travel by dog team, and to Likely the first visitor was Sir Thomas traveland by dog team, and toInuit clothing.

Likely the firstButton visitorinwas Thomas 1612-wintermake repair traditional theSir small ship Discovery induring Discovery in 1612make and repair traditional Inuit clothing.

Button in the13, small ship when he explored Hudson Bay. For the Ippaktuq Tasseok, known as “Harry” to 13, when he next explored Hudson Bay. Forofthe Ippaktuq Tasseok, knowncrews, as “Harry” to 150 years, a number other British the whaling is mentioned in the next 150 years, a number of other British the whaling crews, is mentioned in the explorers visited the Inlet, in search of the logs of whaling ships for delivering food explorers visited the Northwest Inlet, in search of theto the Orient. logs of whaling for delivering food elusive Passage andships messages to the overwintering crews. elusive Northwest Passage to the Orient. and messages to the overwintering crews.

He worked mainly for the Americans, In 1747, Captain William Moor identified He worked mainly for the in Americans, the logs of the Alexander In 1747, Captain William Moor Chesterfield Inlet identified as a potential routeappearing in appearing Alexander the logs of the (1886-1887) at Marble Island, and the Chesterfield Inlet as a potential route to China. The Hudson’s Bay Company (1886-1887) at Marble Island, and the(1893-1894) Canton at Depot Island, to China. Thetook Hudson’s Bay Company an immediate interest in this Canton at Depot Island, (1893-1894) and Cape Fullerton (1895-1896). He was took an immediate interest inand thissupported further new possibility and Cape Fullerton (1895-1896).

HeNew wasYork Times, also mentioned in the new possibility and supported further exploration by John Bean and William also mentioned in the New York Times, December 10, 1905, as the messenger exploration by John BeanBean and William Christopher. failed to find the Inlet, December 10, 1905, as the messenger who brought a letter from Captain Roald Christopher. but Bean failed to find the Inlet, Christopher explored Chesterfield who brought a letter from Captain Amundsen to Captain Roald George Comer. but Christopher Inlet,explored reachingChesterfield the end of Baker Lake Amundsen to Captain George Comer.

Inlet, reaching the end of Baker Lake on his second trip in 1762. He recorded on his second in 1762.ofHe recorded passage to thetrip absence a westward the absence China, of a westward passage to of whales in but noted sightings China, but noted sightings of whales in the start of Hudson Bay, which led to Hudson Bay,commercial which led towhaling the start of activity in the area. commercial whaling activity in the area.

Early whaling efforts were unprofitable and Early whalingitefforts were and was not untilunprofitable the mid 19th century that it was not until the mid 19th century that whalers returned to the area. They visited ABOVE the New York Times announces the sailingwhalers of the returned to the area. regularly until theThey early visited 20th century, often ABOVE the New York Timesen announces the sailing ofInlet, the August, 1903.

Neptune, route to Chesterfield regularly until the early 20th century, often Neptune, en routeRIghT to Chesterfield Inlet, August, 1903. overwintering.

They hired Inuit to hunt the first Northwest Mounted Police post in hudson overwintering.

They hired Inuit to hunt RIghT the first Northwest Mountedharbour Police post in hudson Bay, at Fullerton in 1904 - JD Moodie, RCMP caribou and other game to provide fresh Bay, at Fullerton harbour 1904 - JD P-164/4.

Moodie, RCMP caribou and other game to provide historicalin Collections, meat to prevent scurvy,fresh to act as guides historical Collections, P-164/4. meat to prevent scurvy, to act as guides A Journey Through Time A Journey Through Time

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Fullerton Fullerton inin 1897, 1897, after after aa successful successful summer summer taking taking six six whales. whales.

The The whalers whalers operated operated on on aa seasonal seasonal basis basis from from their their vessels vessels and and from from shore shore stations stations where where large large vats vats were were built built for for storing storing the the rendered rendered whale whale oil oil before before shipment shipment to to European European or or American American ports. ports. The The Inuit Inuit were were employed employed as as harpooners harpooners and and oarsmen oarsmen inin smaller smaller whaleboats whaleboats and and some some Inuit Inuit were were paid paid with with boats boats of of their their own. own. The The whaling whaling crews crews stayed stayed on on board board the the mother mother ship, ship, or or rendered rendered the the whale whale blubber blubber on on land. land.

Some Some whalers whalers wintered wintered at at Depot Depot Island, Island, where remnants of whalebone where remnants of whalebone and and wood wood and and metal metal artifacts artifacts can can be be seen. seen. There There are are stone stone structures structures too, too, made made by by the the Inuit Inuit or or perhaps perhaps the the Thule Thule -- tent tent rings, rings, food food caches, caches, fox fox traps traps and and kayak kayak cradles, cradles, inin Inuktitut, Inuktitut, Qajakuvik Qajakuvik (singular) (singular) or or Qajakuviit Qajakuviit (plural). (plural). Some Some Scottish Scottish and and New New England England whalers whalers used used other other anchorages anchorages among among the the islands islands and and along along the the coast coast because because they they felt felt the the Depot Depot Island Island harbour harbour was was too too shallow. shallow. The The inner inner harbour harbour was was less less than than five five fathoms fathoms deep, deep, but but itit was was said said to to be be ice ice free free earlier earlier inin the the summer. summer.

Exploration Exploration of of the the northern northern coastline coastline continued.

Dr. John continued. Dr. John Rae Rae wrote wrote to to the the London Times in 1852 that he was London Times in 1852 that he was planning planning aa surveying surveying trip trip of of some some 600 600 to 800 miles overland from Chesterfield to 800 miles overland from Chesterfield Inlet Inlet to to the the Back Back River River and and by by boat boat up up the the west west coast coast of of Boothia Boothia and and return return between between July July 12 12 and and September September 12, 12, 1853.

1853. In In the the 1890s, 1890s, the the Tyrrell Tyrrell brothers, brothers, working working for for Canada’s Canada’s geological geological survey, survey, canoed canoed cross cross country country from from the the Athabasca Athabasca River River starting starting May May 22, 22, to to the the mouth mouth of of Chesterfield Chesterfield Inlet Inlet and and then then as as winter winter drew drew in, in, to to Fort Fort Churchill Churchill by

by September September 3, 3, 1893.

1893.

From From the the late late 1700s 1700s onwards, onwards, the the Hudson’s Hudson’s Bay Bay Company Company sent sent schooners schooners north north from from Fort Fort Churchill Churchill each each summer summer to to trade trade with with the the Inuit.

Inuit. Depot Depot Island Island was was the northern limit of these voyages.

North the northern limit of these voyages. North of of Depot Depot Island, Island, trade trade was was controlled controlled by European and American

by European and American whalers. whalers.

Captain Captain George George Comer, Comer, originally originally from from Quebec, Quebec, and and one one of of the the last last of of the the New New England England whaling whaling captains, captains, refers refers to to large large numbers numbers of of muskox, muskox, caribou, caribou, seal, seal, walrus, walrus, and and bowhead bowhead being being taken taken by Inuit for subsistence and

by Inuit for subsistence and trade trade with with the the whalers. whalers. Comer Comer wintered wintered at at Cape Cape

The The Government Government of of Canada Canada first first appeared in the area appeared in the area inin 1903, 1903, when Neptune,, carrying carrying Royal Royal when the the Neptune Northwest Mounted Northwest Mounted Police, Police, geologist geologist A. A. P. P. Low, Low, and and others, others, overwintered overwintered alongside alongside Comer’s Comer’s ship ship Era Era at at Cape Cape Fullerton.

Fullerton. The The ship ship was was on on aa combined combined sovereignty sovereignty and and exploration exploration voyage. voyage.

The The same same year, year, George George Comer Comer recorded recorded that that Chesterfield Chesterfield Inlet Inlet was was one one of of the the locations locations where where Inuit Inuit gathered gathered to to trade trade and and seek seek employment. employment. Guns Guns and and sturdy sturdy whaleboats whaleboats were were probably probably the the most most significant significant trade trade items. items. Then, Then, inin the the early early 1900s, 1900s, the the value value of of white white fox fox pelts pelts made made land-based land-based Arctic Arctic trading trading posts posts possible, possible, year year round. round. This This coincided coincided with with the decline of the whaling industry, and the decline of the whaling industry, and by by the the time time the the whalers whalers departed, departed, life life along the northwest coast along the northwest coast of of Hudson Hudson Bay Bay had had changed changed considerably. considerably.

The Community Story By By the the early early 1900s 1900s the the whalers whalers were were followed by traders, and in turn by followed by traders, and in turn by missionaries missionaries and and then then doctors, doctors, nurses, nurses, teachers and government teachers and government administrators. administrators.

They They provided provided the the services services which which attracted attracted the the Inuit.

Inuit.

Chesterfield Chesterfield Inlet Inlet grew grew into into the the major major centre centre north north of of Churchill, Churchill, Manitoba, Manitoba, serving serving as as aa trans-shipment trans-shipment point point for for supplies supplies for for other other Hudson’s Hudson’s Bay Bay Company Company posts. posts. As As the the largest largest Roman Roman Catholic Catholic mission mission inin the the area, area, Chesterfield Chesterfield Inlet Inlet was was known known as as aa medical medical and and education education centre. centre.

ABOVE ABOVEinterior interiorofofaadouble doubleigloo, igloo,Fullerton Fullertonharbour harbour--RCMP RCMP historical historicalCollections, Collections,P-164/41.

P-164/41.

LEFT LEFTthe thesteamer steamerArctic Arcticoverwintering overwinteringininthe theice iceatatFullerton Fullerton harbour harbour--ggMoodie, Moodie,RCMP RCMPhistorical historicalCollections CollectionsP-164/19 P-164/19

The The opening opening of of aa nickel nickel mine mine inin Rankin Rankin Inlet Inlet inin the the mid-1950s mid-1950s almost almost spelled spelled the the end end of of Chesterfield Chesterfield Inlet.

Inlet. The The Hudson’s Hudson’s Bay Bay Company Company post post closed closed from from July July 31, 31, 1961 to March 9, 1964.

Many people 1961 to March 9, 1964. Many people left left for for employment employment at at the the new new mine, mine, but but when when the the mine mine closed, closed, some some families families returned returned to to Chesterfield Inlet.

Br R. Bedard operated Chesterfield Inlet. Br R. Bedard operated the the trading trading post post while while the the Bay Bay was was closed. closed.

In In 1976, 1976, the the Department Department of of Fisheries Fisheries and and Oceans Oceans (then (then Fisheries Fisheries and and Marine Marine Service) Service) Canada Canada established established aa research research centre centre at at Saqvaqjuaq Saqvaqjuaq Inlet Inlet about about 40 40 km km northeast northeast

AA Journey Journey Through Through Time Time

of of Chesterfield Chesterfield Inlet Inlet inin response response to to the the need for more detailed knowledge of need for more detailed knowledge of arctic arctic freshwater freshwater ecosystems. ecosystems. The The research research centre centre was was inin operation operation for for over over eight eight years. years.

The The mouth mouth of of the the Saqvaqjuaq Saqvaqjuaq River River was was well well used used inin the the past. past. Remains Remains of of aa saputit saputit (stone (stone weir) weir) used used as as recently recently as as the the 1960s, 1960s, can can be be seen seen at at the the head head of of the the first first rapids. rapids.

On On the the northeast northeast side side of of the the river river mouth, mouth, there there are are numerous numerous caches, caches, tent tent rings, rings, and and kayak kayak stands stands and and on on the the southwest southwest side side there there are are several several semi-underground semi-underground winter winter dwellings dwellings dug dug into into aa sandy sandy hillside. hillside.

Tent Tent rings rings are are found found everywhere everywhere inin the the Saqvaqjuaq Saqvaqjuaq area. area. However, However, Inuit Inuit have have not not lived lived there there permanently permanently for for several several decades. decades.

Today Today itit isis visited visited only only for for aa few few days days at at aa time time by by hunters hunters and and families families fishing. fishing.

Today, Today, Rankin Rankin Inlet Inlet isis the the main main administrative centre in administrative centre in the the Kivalliq Kivalliq region. region. Chesterfield Chesterfield Inlet Inlet continues continues as as aa small small but but well well serviced serviced community community with with wage wage employment employment available available with with the the municipal municipal and and territorial territorial government, government, Inuit Inuit organizations, organizations, Northern Northern Store, Store, Pitsiulak Pitsiulak Co-operative Co-operative Ltd., Ltd., Naja Naja Isabelle Isabelle Home Home and and local local businesses. businesses.

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Women in beaded amautis posed for Mrs. geraldine Moodie, Major JD Moodie’s wife, in 1904. Niviatsinaq aka Shoofly Comer, is seated, centre.- RCMP historical Collections, P-164/21

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A Journey Through Time

Walking AboutAbout Your Your Walking Tour Tour The complete walking tour of Chesterfield for information on guides or tour operators.

The complete walking tour of Chesterfield for information on guides or tour operators.

Inlet takes approximately two hours. It Copies of the walking tour guidebook Inlet takes approximately two hours. It Copies of the walking tour guidebook does not include the Thule sites outside can be picked up at the hamlet office. does not include the Thule sites outside can be picked up at the hamlet office. the community. If you are interested in Visitors may photograph the sites and the the community. If you are interested in Visitors may photograph the sites and the visiting one of these sites, please contact buildings along the tour, but if you wish to visiting one of these sites, please contact the tour, but if you wish to one of the local guides or outfitters,buildings along include local residents in the photograph, one of the local guides or outfitters, include local residents in the photograph, or the local economic development you should request their permission first. or the local economic development you should request their permission first. officer. These archaeological sites are The people of Chesterfield Inlet are a warm officer. These archaeological sites are The people of Chesterfield Inlet are a warm protected, and visitors are encouraged and friendly group and will be happy to protected, and visitors are encouraged and friendly group and will be happy to not to disturb anything they find. assist you on your tour. Most speak English not to disturb anything they find. assist you on your tour. Most speak English Your Chesterfield walking tour starts at as well as Inuktitut, although some of the Your Chesterfield walking tour starts at as well as Inuktitut, although some of the the Northern Store (formerly the Hudson’s older people may speak only in Inuktitut. the Northern Store (formerly the Hudson’s older people may speak only in Inuktitut.

The original Bay building in the eastern Arctic at Chesterfield The original Bay building in the eastern Arctic at Chesterfield Bay Company post) and covers the east Inlet - Anglican Church of Canada, Fleming Collection, Although most of the tour is along gravel Bay Company post) and covers the east Inlet - Anglican Church of Canada, Fleming Collection, Although most of the tour is along gravel and west sections of the community.

The P7516-308 roads within the community, there are and west sections of the community. The P7516-308 roads within the community, there are location of many of the original buildings parts that involve crossing over short location of many of the original buildings crossing over short and current services are included onparts that involve stretches of rock and tundra. These and current services are included on stretches of rock and tundra. These your map. Some of the historic sites also sections are not difficult, but suitable your map. Some of the historic sites also sections are not difficult, but suitable have signage. Permission is required to footwear is recommended; ATV rentals have signage. Permission is required to footwear is recommended; ATV rentals enter many of the original buildings listed may be available for touring certain sites. enter many of the original buildings listed may be available for touring certain sites. in this tour, since they continue to be in this tour, since they continue to be Once again, welcome to Chesterfield occupied. Public buildings such as the Once again, welcome to Chesterfield occupied. Public buildings such as the Journey Through Inlet, and enjoy your Northern Store, the Community Complex, Inlet, and enjoy your Journey Through Northern Store, the Community Complex, , here in one of the Arctic’s Time and the modern mission church canTime be , here in one of the Arctic’s and the modern mission church can be settled communities. visited if they are open at the time ofoldest your settledoldest communities. visited if they are open at the time of your tour. If you prefer a more detailed tour, tour. If you prefer a more detailed tour, please contact the Community Economic please contact the Community Economic Development Officer at the Hamlet office Development Officer at the Hamlet office A Journey Through Time A Journey Through Time

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Insp. Beyts Cst. Pasley leavingleaving Chesterfield Inlet forInlet for Insp.and Beyts and Cst. Pasley Chesterfield Churchill, JanuaryJanuary 1915 -1915 RCMP- photo Churchill, RCMP 4109 photo 4109

Residents of Chesterfield Inlet, 1927 Diocese of Churchill-hudson Bay Bay Residents of Chesterfield Inlet,-1927 - Diocese of Churchill-hudson

southern Canadians assigned to to In theInearly days,days, Bay managers lived lived on on well as well as southern Canadians assigned the early Bay managers this posting.

A number of Inuit who had the second level of the original Bay complex this posting. A number of Inuit who had the second level of the original Bay complex worked as “special” constables, interpreters (2) that now for a for warehouse, worked as “special” constables, interpreters (2) isthat is used now used a warehouse, or guides with the Mounted before the post residence was built. or guides withNorthwest the Northwest Mounted before the post residence was built.

PolicePolice in theinearly 1900s, later worked for for the early 1900s, later worked By 1927, nearlynearly 100 Inuit By 1927, 100 had Inuit chosen had chosen the RCMP barracks in Chesterfield.

Their the RCMP barracks in Chesterfield.

Their Chesterfield Inlet as their homehome base,base, Chesterfield Inlet as their names were not listed in memos or sealed names were not listed in memos or sealed moving to camps to hunt and trap, but but moving to camps to hunt and trap, in records, their their names were were simply lost. lost. in records, names simply returning to Chesterfield to trade, to meet returning to Chesterfield to trade, to meet with friends or family members, and to with friends or family members, and to observe religious occasions.

The Inuit observe religious occasions.

The Inuit continued to livetoinlive traditional dwellings, continued in traditional dwellings, ABOVEABOVE Misiraq,Misiraq, Elizabeth UnurniqUnurniq TapataiTapatai and Mary Elizabeth andNuvak Mary Nuvak igloos in winter and skin tents in summer. igloos in winter and skin tents in summer. who lived story.

L. T. Burwash, whothis lived thisBaker story. Lake, Baker1926 Lake,–1926 – L. T. Burwash, LibraryLibrary and Archives Canada/PA-099412 A photo (left) shows the entire population and Archives Canada/PA-099412 A photo (left) shows the entire population of theofcommunity in 1927, whenwhen clothing the community in 1927, clothing and materials of theofEuro-American and materials the Euro-American culture were were becoming moremore common. culture becoming common.

By 1929, Inuit ran ship that By 1929, Inuitthe ransupply the supply ship that delivered trade goods to the smaller postsposts delivered trade goods to the smaller in Repulse Bay and Lake.Lake.

The Inuit in Repulse Bay Baker and Baker The Inuit had learned their their seafaring skills skills from from the the had learned seafaring whalers and continue to have excellent whalers and continue to have excellent boat boat handling and navigation skills.skills. handling and navigation the 1900s through the 1930s, the the the 1900s through the 1930s, ABOVEABOVE amphibious biplanebiplane on the on beach the by hudson’s amphibious the by beach the hudson’s FromFrom barracks in Chesterfield Inlet was RCMP barracks in Chesterfield Inlet was Bay post Chesterfield, late 1920s - NWT -Archives/Lorenz Bayatpost at Chesterfield, late 1920s NWT Archives/Lorenz RCMP Learmonth N-1987-033:0498 Learmonth N-1987-033:0498 the largest in theinEastern Arctic, and the the largest the Eastern Arctic, and the RIghT Inuit the Fort Chesterfield, 1926 -1926 NWT - NWT RIghTcrew Inuitofcrew of the Fort Chesterfield, forceforce patrolling the area included Inuit as patrolling the area included Inuit as Archives/Lorenz Learmonth N-1987-033:0199 Archives/Lorenz Learmonth N-1987-033:0199

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By the 1930s, Chesterfield Inlet was a major centre in the Canadian Arctic.

Attracted to the services, particularly medical services offered in Chesterfield Inlet, more Inuit spent longer periods of time in the developing settlement. Dr. L.D. Livingstone was the first resident doctor in the settlement, and by the mid 1930s the settlement boasted a three-storey hospital, which then and for many years after, was the largest building in the Canadian Arctic.

ABOVE Dr. Livingston, dressed for winter in a caribou parka - NWT Archives/Leslie Livingston N-1987-019:0187 RIghT the Mission brought in hens each summer - Courtesy Brian Lewis

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In Chesterfield Inlet in the 1930s, the Roman Catholic mission also provided much of its own food, and right up to the late 1960s, brought in several hundred hens each summer and pioneered a successful poultry operation long before anyone else had tried such a venture in the north. This was discontinued when aircraft began regular service to the settlement and the mission was no longer totally dependant on one ship per year to bring in supplies.

The Early DaysDays The Early Inuktitut, Iglui, near the mission (7) and the Head east from the Northwest Company Inuktitut, Head east from the Northwest Company Iglui, near mission store up the hill to the Petroleum Product trading post (2).

The RCMP wasthe located at (7) and the store up the hill to the Petroleum Product trading post (2).

The RCMP was located at Limited fuel storage area (40). There’s a the opposite end of the community (38). In Limited fuel storage area (40).

There’s a the opposite end of the community (38). In spectacular overview of the community and those days winter patrols were conducted spectacular overview of the community and those days winter patrols were conducted the waterfront. North of the community, by dog team, and the RCMP kept many the beacon waterfront.

North the community, by dog team, and the not RCMP kept many just south of the tower (42)ofand dogs (34). Since these dogs were just south of the beacon tower (42) and dogs (34).

Since these dogs were not north of the airport runway are the Thule pets, and could be dangerous, they were north of the airport runway are the kept Thuleaway from pets, couldsettlement. be dangerous, they were Qarmarviniit , which sites, in Inuktitut theand existing Qarmarviniit , which sites, kept away from the existing settlement. you can visit or seeinonInuktitut a guided tour.

At the top of the hill, just off the road, you can visit or see on a guided tour.

Atwhite the top of embedded the hill, just off the road, Before the arrival of the Hudson’s Bay there is a large pole Before the arrival of the Hudson’s Bay there is a large Company and the Roman Catholic Mission, in a concrete base (1). This iswhite the pole embedded Company and the Roman Catholic Mission, in a concrete base (1).

This is the this area was sometimes used as a mast of one of the early Hudson’s Bay this area was sometimes used as a mast of one of the early rendezvous spot for whalers, who came Company sailing schooners retired Hudson’s Bay rendezvous spot for whalers, who came Company to the area looking for Inuit to assist them. from service on Hudsonsailing Bay. schooners retired to the area looking for Inuit to assist them. from service on Hudson Bay. A few of the old whaling boats, traded to few of theatold traded to the Inuit in lieuA of wages thewhaling end of boats, the ABOVE sketch map of the southern end of Chesterfield inlet the be Inuit in lieu of wages atOn the end of the season, can still seen nearby (39).

ABOVE sketch map of the southern end of Chesterfield inlet 1932 - Frank T. Davies, University of Saskatchewan season, can see still be seen and nearby (39). On the beach below you can canoes - Frank Davies, University of Saskatchewan RIghT whaleboats,1932 offered to theT.Inuit as wages by the the beach below you can see canoes and by the modern aluminum or fiberglass boats. whaling captains -RIghT CEDO,whaleboats, June 2005 offered to the Inuit as wagesmore more modern aluminum or fiberglass boats. whaling captains - CEDO, June 2005 Small storage sheds along the beach house Small storage sheds along the equipment needed for fishing and hunting. beach house equipment needed for fishing and hunting.

Look out over the community, and note Look out over thefar community, how it stretches around to the western and note how it stretches around part of the bay.

In the early days, the to the far western of the bay. early days, the Hudson’s Baypart Company and In thethe Mission Company and the Mission were located Hudson’s at one endBay of the community, were located at one end and Inuit set up their tents or igloos, inof the community, and Inuit set up their tents or igloos, in A Journey Through Time A Journey Through Time

13 13

If the weather is favorable, you may like to take a walk along the road to the site of the community wharf (26). In spring, residents snowmobile or ATV to inland lakes for Arctic char or lake trout fishing.

In summer, fishing trips can be arranged with a guide or by ATV rental to inland lakes - first ( Puirsuk), second (Akulliq ) and third lake (Amaruqtalik), 10 to 25 km northwest from the community on a gravel road, or along the seashore for Arctic char. You might spot residents or visitors char fishing near the community dock.

In the summer, as well, you may be able to see “sea lift”, the annual resupply of the community by ship or barge. Ships and barges from the ports of Churchill and Montreal arrive between early July or August and early September, delivering construction materials, fuel, household furnishings, vehicles and non-perishable foods. Barges unload their goods at the waterfront near the Northern Store. Goods are then transported by vehicle and loader to sites around the community. “Sea lift” is an exciting time, when everyone is eagerly awaiting the year’s supplies.

ABOVE The public dock at Chesterfield Inlet Lee Narraway, August 2002 LEFT hopital Ste Therese at Chesterfield, 1947. At the time Inuit lived in tents in summer, igloos in winter - Library and Archives Canada/PA-210318

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Residents await the arrival of the Nascopie, 1946 - george hunter, Library and Archives Canada/e004665353

The Early Community The Early Community increased to its present In 2008 increased it to itsit present size. Insize.

2008 to 2009, the managers’ staff house to 2009, the managers’ staff house was was renovated, and oldcomplex Bay complex renovated, and the oldthe Bay was re-roofed and a new heating system was re-roofed and a new heating system was installed.

(The original Hudson’s was installed. (The original Hudson’s Bay Company the Arctic, Bay Company posts,posts, acrossacross the Arctic, wereinsold in by 1988 the Hudson’s were sold 1988 theby Hudson’s Bay Bay Company to a group of employees, Company to a group of employees, who who now operate the Northern Stores.) now operate the Northern Stores.)

post, 1928Archives/Lorenz - NWT Archives/Lorenz hudson’shudson’s Bay post,Bay 1928 - NWT Learmonth N-1987-033:0469 Learmonth N-1987-033:0469

the is store is open, out. The WhenWhen the store open, checkcheck it out. itThe cash registers, card machines, cash registers, chargecharge card machines, and and wide range of merchandise have replaced a widea range of merchandise have replaced the basic bolts of cloth, bags of tea flour, tea the basic bolts of cloth, bags of flour, and sugar, and trade other goods trade goods stocked and sugar, and other stocked this until storethe until the 1960s. early 1960s. by thisbystore early If the If the manager is available, yourequest may request a manager is available, you may a Now return the Northern Now return to the to Northern Store Store briefoftour of the warehouse section of the brief tour the warehouse section of the andyour starttour yourthrough tour through (41), (41), and start the the building (2),used now to used to supplies store supplies building (2), now store early of days of Chesterfield early days Chesterfield Inlet. Inlet. and some furs, but initially intended and some furs, but initially intended for for The Hudson’s Bay Company built its The Hudson’s Bay Company built its furs, and at one time seal oil.

On furs, and at one time seal oil. On the the first permanent the Arctic in first permanent post inpost the in Arctic in second floor,itswith its beams, open beams, second floor, with open you you Chesterfield 1911The (2).building The building can see Chesterfield Inlet inInlet 1911in (2). canwhere see where the original 1911 structure the original 1911 structure that currently houses the manager of that currently houses the manager of and the 1920s structure were joined. and the 1920s structure were joined. The The the Northern wasofpart the first the Northern Store Store was part the of first the upstairs slopedsloped ceilingceiling boardsboards of the of upstairs boast boast building to be constructed building to be constructed duringduring the the signatures the famous (and signatures of the of famous (and not sonot so the Hudson’s Bay Company time oftime the of Hudson’s Bay Company post. post. famous) famous) that passed have passed through or lived that have through or lived An addition this building the 1920s in Chesterfield An addition to thistobuilding in the in 1920s in Chesterfield Inletthe over thecentury. past century.

Inlet over past

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1717

One floor beam portion is open on the In addition to the main building, there One floor beam portion is open on the In addition to the main building, there second level. This supported a wooden are a number of smaller buildings used second level. This supported a wooden are a number of smaller buildings used hoist to lift dry goods and materials with a for storage and staff housing. Off to the hoist to lift dry goods and materials with a for storage and staff housing. Off to the rope from the main floor of the warehouse. northeast of the main Hudson’s Bay rope from the main floor of the warehouse. northeast of the main Hudson’s Bay The original wooden platform hoist is now Company complex was a small building The original wooden platform hoist is now Company complex was a small building on display at the Hudson’s Bay Company in in traditional HBC white and red, known on display at the Hudson’s Bay Company in in traditional HBC white and red, known Manitoba. For many years, before the arrival only as the “pig” house (3). For many Manitoba. For many years, before the arrival only as the “pig” house (3). For many of the annual sealift, a number of square years, part of the annual resupply to the of the annual sealift, a number of square years, part of the annual resupply to the dances and often teen dances were held traders in remote posts included several dances and often teen dances were held traders in remote posts included several at the old Hudson’s Bay Store warehouse. live pigs. These pigs were housed in small at the old Hudson’s Bay Store warehouse. live pigs. These pigs were housed in small The Pig house - Marion LaVigne, Outcrop. 1990 buildings during the fall. When the weather The Pig house - Marion LaVigne, Outcrop. 1990 The plaque near the entrance to the during the fall. When the weather The plaque near the entrance to the turned verybuildings cold, they were slaughtered building shows two young Hudson’s Bay turned very cold, they were slaughtered building shows two young Hudson’s Bay to provide fresh pork to the HBC staff.

Company apprentices, R.J. Spence and to provide fresh pork to the HBC staff.

Company apprentices, R.J. Spence and J.L. Ford, with a loft full of pelts, in 1928.

Members of the RCMP, the Bay and the J.L. Ford, with a loft full of pelts, in 1928.

Members of the RCMP, the Bay and the The other photograph shows the HBC Mission were also expected to supply The other photograph shows the HBC Mission were also expected to supply complex as it looked in that same year. their own meat. For example, freshly complex as it looked in that same year. their own meat. For example, freshly harvested caribou and other wild meat The Canadian Press reported in 1933 on harvested caribou and other wild meat The Canadian Press reported in 1933 would on be hung to cure on the meat the “annual Christmas ball” at Chesterfield. would be hung to cure on the meat the “annual Christmas ball” at Chesterfield. rack next to the RCMP barracks.

“It took place in the decorated storeroom of rack next to the RCMP barracks.

“It took place in the decorated storeroom of the post of the Hudson’s Bay Company. An the post of the Hudson’s Bay Company. An accordion, violin, mandolin and improvised accordion, violin, mandolin and improvised drums furnished the music.” Inuit, attired The meat rack and doghouse behind the RCMP barracks, drums furnished the music.” Inuit, attired The- g. meat rack and doghouse behind the RCMP barracks, in elaborate costumes, “danced with the Chesterfield Inlet Moodie, glenbow Archives NA-2306-15. in elaborate costumes, “danced with the Chesterfield Inlet - g. Moodie, glenbow Archives NA-2306-15. whites”. The menu, according to the report, whites”. The menu, according to the report, included deer shank and caribou tenderloin. included deer shank and caribou tenderloin.

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The Roman Catholic Mission Head west, from the Hudson’s Bay Company post area along the main road.

The first large complex you will come to is the current Roman Catholic mission and church . The mission was built in 1954 and for over 30 years served as the recreational and social focus for the community, as well as its religious centre.

The new church was completed 10 years later in 1964. If the church is open, drop in to see the stained glass windows which incorporate scenes of traditional Inuit life.

Further along the road is the original Roman Catholic mission . The story of the mission is told in a special plaque erected by the diocese to mark the 75th anniversary of the founding of the mission.

ABOVE Construction of the Roman Catholic Mission Church, Chesterfield Inlet, 1912 - Diocese of Churchill-hudson Bay ChB 04 0005 RIghT the Roman Catholic Mission at Chesterfield Inlet - Lee Narraway, August 2002

A biography of Bishop Turquetil mentions that as an Oblate priest, a year after his arrival in the Manitoba missions, he headed north during the winter of 1901, on snowshoes, to preach the Gospel to the Inuit, but a frozen knee obliged him to turn back. During the summer of 1906, he made another attempt. The young Norman missionary arrived at the Sarvartuk, the Kazan River, where he remained seven

A Journey Through Time

months with the Inuit, studied their language, observed their manners and customs, and shared their meals of raw fish or caribou boiled over a fire of moss.

In July 24, 1912, Arsène Turquetil boarded the M.S. Nascopie at the port of Montreal.

On September 3, the vessel dropped anchor at Chesterfield Inlet. With the authorization and encouragement of Bishop Ovide Charlebois, Bishop of Keewatin, Father Turquetil founded the first Catholic mission on the west coast of Hudson Bay. He named it ‘Mission Notre Dame de la Délivrande’, after a sanctuary devoted to Our Lady in Normandy, close to Reviers, his birthplace in France.

The plaque shows Bishop Turquetil in the late 1930s, with a photo of the structure in 1918, when a small addition

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Notre Dame de la Deliverand, 1938 - A. Clabout, Diocese of Churchill-hudson Bay

Statue of Jesus, the first statue brought into the Canadian Arctic by the mission – Lee Narraway, August 2002

RIghT the original Notre Dame de la Deliverand Archives of Manitoba hBCA 1987/363-C-28/13 FAR RIghT The old Mission shed Marion LaVigne, Outcrop, 1990

was being added.

The building was was being added.

The building was moved from original when new moved from its its original sitesite when thethe new church was constructed and years church was constructed and forfor years it it stood empty. early 1990s it was stood empty.

In In thethe early 1990s it was renovated, and then used a residence renovated, and then used asas a residence

diocese workers who volunteered forfor diocese workers who volunteered and work Chesterfield Inlet. to to livelive and work in in Chesterfield Inlet.

The original mission is now a rental The original RCRC mission is now a rental residence temporary contract workers residence forfor temporary contract workers Chesterfield Inlet.

Although visitors in in Chesterfield Inlet.

Although visitors

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encouraged read plaques, areare encouraged to to read thethe plaques, they asked respect privacy they areare asked to to respect thethe privacy people who building. of of thethe people who livelive in in thethe building. right mission there ToTo thethe right of of thethe mission there areare several statues.

The statue Jesus several statues.

The statue of of Jesus was first statue ever brought into was thethe first statue ever brought into thethe Canadian Arctic.

Some original Canadian Arctic.

Some of of thethe original mission outbuildings visible. mission outbuildings areare stillstill visible.

The mission powerhousesupplied supplied The mission powerhouse power Chesterfield Inlet power to to all all of of thethe Chesterfield Inlet settlement, before a government settlement, before a government power plant was built end power plant was built at at thethe farfar end of of town.

Other mission buildings housed town.

Other mission buildings housed workshops were used storage workshops or or were used forfor storage . .

21 21

The largest building in the community is Ste. Theresa’s Hospital . It was started in 1930 by Father Ducharme and Brother Volant of the Oblate mission, later assisted

by Brother Paradis. It took them at least three years, from the first framework to the heating and plumbing system. The fact that the building is still standing and in use more than 80 years later, is a testament to their skills and craftsmanship.

A view from the new hospital in 1931. The mission church is on the left and the track used to haul materials to the site is visible on the right - Library and Archives Canada/e000945267

The hospital was staffed by the Grey Nuns. The first baby born in the hospital, in 1931, was Alphonse Naukatsik.

Construction materials for Ste. Theresa’s were brought in by ship, and had to be transported from the waterfront to the site.

To move them, a narrow track was built and materials were winched up in carts.

You can still see some signs of the track in front of the mission buildings. The plaque at the entrance to the hospital shows the track and a photograph of Sister Heroux, one of the first nuns to arrive in Chesterfield Inlet in 1931. She stayed for over 30 years, retiring to Nicolet in the 1960s.

The mission ship, M.F. Therese, that once brought staff and supplies, hit a reef and sank in 1944, carrying the mission’s history with it. All aboard were saved, however. The mission celebrated the end of the war in May 1945 with balloons distributed to the children.

Additions enlarged the east and west ends of the hospital in 1949 and 1956. The ground floor once included a bakery and housed the Chesterfield Inlet post office. In 1970s, the main floor was used for retail.

Over the years, the hospital underwent many renovations. From 1978 to 2000 a

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series of upgrades and brought renovations the brought the Mission community. series of upgrades and renovations community.

Lake,Mission behindLake, the behind the the old building up to new fire standards. hospital, was often used in the late 1930s the old building up to new fire standards. hospital, was often used in the late 1930s Leonard Putulik worked in maintenance as a landing site for the aircraft Leonard Putulik worked in maintenance as a landing site for the aircraft belonging belonging for 51 years at the hospital, from 1949 to the diocese. winter, the missionaries for 51 years at the hospital, from 1949 to the diocese.

In winter, theInmissionaries to 2000.

The building is now rented for and Inuit working for to 2000. The building is now rented for and Inuit working for the mission the mission spaceorganizations by various organizations shoveled runway for minimum pay. office space office by various shoveled a runway for aminimum pay.

Nunavut departments. government departments. and Nunavutand government The house small frame across from the The small frame acrosshouse from the lastleft Grey left Ste. Therese’s hospital to as the “blue” house.

The last GreyThe Nuns Ste.Nuns Therese’s hospital is referred to isasreferred the “blue” house.

Hospital in 1999.

September, 1999. The hospital wasmission built by inthe Hospital in September, The hospital It was built byIt the themission early in the early was administered by until the Diocese 2001, 1950s one of its Inuit employees was administered by the Diocese 2001, until 1950s to house onetoofhouse its Inuit employees a dog team hauling a boat over the shore ABOVE a dog teamABOVE hauling a boat over the shore then by the Department of Health and and his family.

At the time, and his family. At the time, Inuit were justInuit were just ice, late 1930s - Prime girard, o.m.i., Diocese then by the Department of Health and ice, late 1930s - Prime girard, o.m.i., Diocese Social Services, Government of Nunavut, starting to make the transition Social Services, Government of Nunavut, starting to make the transition from Igloos from Igloos of Churchill-hudson Bay ChB 08 03646 of Churchill-hudson Bay ChB 08 03646 until the new facility was completed.

Thetents to wooden and tentshouses. to wooden houses. “blue”LaVigne, house -Outcrop, Marion LaVigne, 1990 until the new facility was completed. The and In the mid In the mid RIghT the “blue” RIghT house -the Marion 1990 Outcrop, replaced2005 in January, 2005 1970s, housed this building housed researchers dog teaminland ready for travel inland hospital was hospital replacedwas in January, 1970s, this building researchers BELOW dog team BELOW ready for travel - glenbow Archives NA-1727-1 by the Government of Nunavut withof the of the of Department of Fisheries and - glenbow Archives NA-1727-1 by the Government of Nunavut with the the Department Fisheries and state of the art Isabelle facility, Naja Isabelle Oceans Canada, working at. Saqvaqjuaq. new state of new the art facility, Naja Oceans Canada, working at Saqvaqjuaq In the early 1980s, was the building It was officially JuneIn22, the early 1980s, the building used was used Home. It wasHome. officially opened Juneopened 22, as athe post-office, thestation local radio station 2005, after and named after Sister as athe post-office, local radio 2005, and named Sister Isabelle, the Isabelle, of Ste. Therese’s Hospital. administratoradministrator of Ste. Therese’s Hospital.

Behind are the ahospital Behind the hospital numberare of a number of buildings now used for buildings now used for storage, withstorage, with of the greenhouse that the exceptionthe of exception the greenhouse that usedatosmall produce a small supply of once used toonce produce supply of vegetables. was a hen house vegetables. One building One wasbuilding a hen house some 200 hens that provided more for some 200for hens that provided more for and the mission and than enough than eggsenough for the eggs mission

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23 23

RIghT the Federal Day School at Chesterfield Inlet, 1952.

The building is now part of the Co-op hotel - JV Jacobson, Library and Archives Canada/PA-101066 BELOW Sr. E. herauf with her students, 1957-1958 Diocese of Churchill-hudson Bay, SgM Collection ChB 05 00319

a temporary residence andand laterlater a temporary residence for for Nunavut Arctic College Learning Centre Nunavut Arctic College Learning Centre staff, due to a housing shortage. staff, due to a housing shortage.

In front of the hospital, down a slope In front of the hospital, down a slope leading to the beach, a long leading to the beach, is a islong low low building, which recently renovated building, which waswas recently renovated serves a hotel . Itattached is attached andand nownow serves as aashotel . It is to the Pitsiulak Co-op store. building to the Pitsiulak Co-op store.

TheThe building school in the Kivalliq, waswas the the firstfirst school in the Kivalliq, the the Sir Joseph Bernier Federal School.

Sir Joseph Bernier Federal DayDay School.

Opened in 1951, it was operated by the Opened in 1951, it was operated by the federal government staffed mainly federal government andand staffed mainly by by Grey Sisters.

Originally it was named the the Grey Sisters.

Originally it was named Captain Joseph Bernier, a prominent afterafter Captain Joseph Bernier, a prominent Arctic captain.

It was renamed Arctic seasea captain.

It was laterlater renamed Victor Sammurtok a respected afterafter Victor Sammurtok Sr., Sr., a respected elder. plaque on the building features elder.

TheThe plaque on the building features Victor Sammurtok before he passed Victor Sammurtok before he passed away in the early complete away in the early 80s80s andand the the complete Sammurtok family in the early 1950s.

Sammurtok family in the early 1950s. original two-classroom building TheThe original two-classroom building waswas expanded a four classroom building expanded to atofour classroom building in in 1955.

At that school eight 1955.

At that timetime the the school hadhad eight teaching sisters 80 pupils, many teaching sisters andand 80 pupils, many communities around Arctic. fromfrom communities around the the Arctic.

TheThe school continued in this location for almost school continued in this location for almost 40 years, closed when a new 40 years, andand waswas closed when a new

school officially opened September school waswas officially opened September 12, 1989.

The building was bought 12, 1989. The building was bought by by Arctic Co-operative in the early the the Arctic Co-operative Ltd.Ltd. in the early 1990s to build a new Pitsiulak Co-operative 1990s to build a new Pitsiulak Co-operative store Tangmavik Hotel retailretail store andand the the Tangmavik Hotel . . of the original purposes of the OneOne of the original purposes of the school in Chesterfield to train school in Chesterfield InletInlet waswas to train workers for jobs at the nickel mine, InuitInuit workers for jobs at the nickel mine, which opened in Rankin in 1957 which opened in Rankin InletInlet in 1957 during Korean when price during the the Korean War,War, when the the price for nickel sharply.

North Rankin for nickel roserose sharply.

TheThe North Rankin Nickel mine closed in 1962.

Training Nickel mine waswas closed in 1962.

Training programs in Chesterfield programs in Chesterfield InletInlet are are nownow provided by the Department of Education, provided by the Department of Education, Government of Nunavut Arctic College.

Government of Nunavut andand Arctic College. small building to the former TheThe small greygrey building nextnext to the former school is the Nunavut Arctic College school is the Nunavut Arctic College Learning Centre offers academic Learning Centre thatthat offers academic training programs. building andand training programs.

TheThe building waswas once used for cultural inclusion programs once used for cultural inclusion programs by the Victor Sammurtok School. by the Victor Sammurtok School.

The hamlet of Chesterfield community The hamlet of Chesterfield Inlet Inlet community complex - CEDO, September complex - CEDO, September 20052005

Across Arctic College is the large Across fromfrom Arctic College is the large community complex . It includes community complex . It includes the the administrative offices of the hamlet, administrative offices of the hamlet, a a drop-in centre, radio station drop-in centre, locallocal radio station andand a community gymnasium. plaque a community gymnasium.

TheThe plaque at the hamlet office shows Turquetil at the hamlet office shows Turquetil A Journey Through A Journey Through TimeTime

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The Sammurtok family circa 1953. The Chesterfield Inlet School is namedcirca for Victor - Diocese of Churchill-hudson Bay The Sammurtok family 1953.Sammurtok The Chesterfield Inlet School is named for Victor Sammurtok - Diocese of Churchill-hudson Bay

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Hall in the 1960s and Chesterfield Inlet graduate Tom Sammurtok, Hall in the 1960s and Chesterfield Inlet who later the territorial graduate Tomjoined Sammurtok, who government. later joined the territorial government.

The community complex was once the site of Turquetil residence The community complexHall was, the once the site that housed Inuit, the children who came to Chesterfield of Turquetil Hall residence that housed Inlet to go to school in the Inuit children who came to Chesterfield 1950s and 60s. many it wasand the60s. largest structure Inlet to go to For school in years the 1950s in the Arctic.

1969,structure after 15 years in For many years it was the In largest Turquetil Hall inclosed its doors. in the Arctic. operation, In 1969, after 15 years By the Hall 1960s, the government operation, Turquetil closed its doors. had built schools in other communities By the 1960s, the government had built and children no longer had to leave home for their schools in other communities and children education.

For more than a decade after it no longer had to leave home for their ceased as a residence, education. For more serving than a decade after it it was used as an adult education centre, ceased serving as a residence, it was usedpost-office, local radiocentre, station,post-office, Pitsiulak Co-operative as an adult education Store, Pitsiulak arts and Co-operative crafts, temporary hostel and local radio station, office space.

The building Store, arts and crafts, temporary hostelwas andmaintained thebuilding department of public works. It was office space.by The was maintained finally torn downworks. in the Itearly by the department of public was1980s. finally torn down in the early 1980s.

TransAir DC-3 brings a welcome load of supplies - Daveload Sinnott, TransAir DC-3 brings a welcome of 1960-1961 supplies - Dave Sinnott, 1960-1961

From the 1960s to 1980s, the territorial Equipment Operators Course from government to develop northern April 22 toCourse September From the 1960s to 1980s,began the territorial Equipment Operators from 27, 1968, run settlements.

The territorial by the Canadian Armed government began to develop northerngovernment April 22 to September 27, 1968, run Forces, Royal a settlement office to administer Canadian of Royal Military Engineering. settlements. set Theup territorial government by the Canadian ArmedSchool Forces, the community, the settlement council Newlyofcertified Inuit heavy equipment set up a settlement office to administer Canadian School Military Engineering. andthe thesettlement housing association operators started work for the Settlement the community, council was Newly certified Inuit heavy equipment established, andwas began building public Council of Chesterfield Inlet, later joining and the housing association operators started work for the Settlement housing and recreation facilities.

Facilities the Arctic Airports and the established, and began building public Council of Chesterfield Inlet, later joiningHamlet. rec. hall,Facilities where movies the Arctic Airports housing and included, recreationafacilities. the Hamlet.

Heavyand equipment that would be considered were shown and community eventsHeavy equipment included, a rec. hall, where movies antique today was from the that would beimported considered place, and curling were shown took and community events at the rink. Inantique todaysouth to build roads was imported from and the to provide the curling late 1970s or rink. early In80s, a portion of to buildother took place, and at the settlement services. Before a new south roads and to provide the roof collapsed was settlement the late 1970s orrink early 80s, a portionand of the roof other airport runwayBefore was built in the late 1970s, services. a new never replaced.

Later, the rink roof collapsed and the roofthe wassettlementairport runway landing strips planes were was built in for thelarger late 1970s, office burned down during a blizzard. never replaced.

Later, the settlement by planes removing snow with a Cat landing stripscleared for larger were office burnedIndown during a blizzard. the 1960s and 1970s, a number of wheel tractor at Mission cleared by removing snow with a Cat Lake or on the students movedofto Churchill,wheel tractorbay front of Lake the community.

In the 1960s Kivalliq and 1970s, a number at Mission or on the In summer, Manitoba the Churchill Vocational Mission Lake and often Police Lake were Kivalliq students movedtotoattend Churchill, bay front of the community.

In summer, Centre.the Others travelled to Chilliwack, for landing Manitoba to attend Churchill Vocational Mission Lakeused and often Policesmall Lakefloatplanes. were British Columbia for the Eskimo Heavy Centre. Others travelled to Chilliwack, used for landing small floatplanes.

British Columbia for the Eskimo Heavy

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27 27

Commercial Commercialfishermen fishermenmoor moortheir theirboats boatsalong along the thebeach beachatatChesterfield ChesterfieldInlet.

Inlet.The Thecatch catchisis Arctic Arcticchar, char,which whichisisprocessed processedatatthe theIqalukpik Iqalukpik Fish FishPlant.

Plant.- -Lee LeeNarraway, Narraway,August August2002 2002

Later Development Proceed west on the road which runs along the waterfront. In late August, beluga whales often enter into the harbour in front of the community, to feed on marine life or fish. You might spot the whales. Harp seals often can be seen along the Inlet in August, as well.

This is the first doctor’s house, built in 1929 Marion LaVigne, Outcrop, 1990

Across the road is the Elders Home Care Centre (32). Across from the Elders Home Care there is a small house on your right where a road branches off to the north.

This was the home of the first resident doctor in Chesterfield Inlet (11). This house was built in 1929 for the Federal Department of Health, under the guidance of the Hudson’s Bay Company post chief.

It was used as the general headquarters of visiting health officials, and Dr. Livingstone was the first to live there for a few months in 1930. He later returned to Chesterfield Inlet as the permanent doctor in August, 1934. The following September, in the living room of this house, he was married to his fiancé on the day she disembarked from the ship carrying her to Chesterfield Inlet.

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On your left is the waterfront area used by residents and local commercial fishermen (12) to anchor their small boats or canoes.

Further along the road is the Iqalukpik Fish Plant established in 1979 (13). Here, fish, mainly fresh caught Arctic char, is processed for shipment to the Keewatin Meat and Fish Plant in Rankin Inlet. The commercial fishing season is quite short but you may see the plant in operation from July to late September. If you are interested in purchasing a fresh caught Arctic char at the plant you may contact the local Aqigiq Hunters and Trappers Organization.

Behind the fish plant is a small slough known as Dog Lake (dog pond). This is where the RCMP used to tether their dogs (34). The current RCMP detachment is across the road (18). The large new building clearly visible ahead is Victor Sammurtok School (14). It is a school for local students from kindergarten to grade 12. When the school is open, check in at the principal’s office or the District Education Authority office and you may be offered a brief tour of the building.

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The Victor Sammurtok - CEDO, October The Victor Sammurtok SchoolSchool - CEDO, October 2005 2005

3030

Many of older the older buildings at end this end Many of the buildings at this of community the community by the of the werewere usedused by the federal government included federal government and and included a a weather station (50), research facilities weather station (50), research facilities communications facilities. and and communications facilities.

One One smallsmall four-man during four-man partyparty that that livedlived herehere during 1932-33 provided Canada’s contribution 1932-33 provided Canada’s contribution to worldwide research being carried to worldwide research being carried out out in Second the Second International in the International PolarPolar Year.Year.

Research in Chesterfield in the Research donedone in Chesterfield Inlet Inlet in the magnetic hut that ledthe to the magnetic hut that year year laterlater led to determination of altitude the altitude of aurora, the aurora, determination of the of the or northern lights. magnetic hut had or northern lights.

The The magnetic hut had no windows doors no windows and and very very smallsmall doors (to (to Across the school are two Across fromfrom the school are two largelarge preserve heat). hut was the object preserve heat).

TheirTheir hut was the object buildings established in 1950s the 1950s buildings established in the by by of much curiosity, wrote Balfour W. Currie of much curiosity, wrote Balfour W. Currie the federal Department of Transport, the federal Department of Transport, in 1932. “…[No understand in 1932. “…[No one one can]can] understand howhow mainly as residences for staff visitors mainly as residences for staff and and visitors [we] can work with the stars in a [we] can work with the stars in a placeplace of DOT the DOT buildings (15).(15).

Two Two of the buildings werewere without windows.”

Meteorological records without windows.”

Meteorological records demolished in 1980s. the 1980s.

Government demolished in the The The Government were kept at Chesterfield Inlet by the were kept at Chesterfield Inlet by the of Canada a fairly presence of Canada had had a fairly largelarge presence in in Department of Transport Environment Department of Transport and and Environment Chesterfield the 1920s to the Chesterfield Inlet Inlet fromfrom the 1920s to the Canada from 1932 through 1980.

Canada from 1932 through 1980.

1960s.

There 1960s.

There was was shortshort livedlived DEWDEW line line A small house on beach the beach A small greygrey house on the side,side, at at activity in settlement the settlement as well, but in activity in the as well, but in one time a residence for the NWT Power one time a residence for the NWT Power the 1960s late 1960s 1970s, the late and and earlyearly 1970s, mostmost Corporation, has also housed the first Corporation, has also housed the first radioradio of government the government administration of the administration was was station in the region (17), operated by the station in the region (17), operated by the assumed by territorial the territorial government. assumed by the government.

Canadian Corps of Signals in the late 1940s Canadian Corps of Signals in the late 1940s

A Journey Through A Journey Through TimeTime

1950s. communication and and earlyearly 1950s.

This This communication link link remarkable at time. the time.

Today, was was remarkable at the Today, the the community receives radio, a local community receives CBCCBC radio, a local CRTC cable-television through radioradio and and CRTC cable-television through Pitsiulak Co-operative locallocal Pitsiulak Co-operative Ltd.,Ltd., and and otherother Canadian networks via satellite.

Canadian and and U.S. U.S. networks via satellite. building at end the end of road the road The The building at the of the is is the community power plant, operated the community power plant, operated

by Qulliq the Qulliq Power Corporation. by the Power Corporation.

Electricity is generated diesel Electricity is generated with with diesel fuel, fuel, at both of town and and largelarge tankstanks at both endsends of town a year’s supply of diesel; resupplied storestore a year’s supply of diesel; resupplied annually by tanker ship.

The Northwest annually by tanker ship. The Northwest Territories Power Corporation Territories Power Corporation (now(now Qulliq Energy Corporation) marked Qulliq Energy Corporation) marked 50 50 years as providers of energy services years as providers of energy services to to Chesterfield 1948-1998.

On April Chesterfield Inlet Inlet 1948-1998.

On April 1st, 1999, Chesterfield Inlet became 1st, 1999, Chesterfield Inlet became of new the new Nunavut Territory. part part of the Nunavut Territory.

riding Air. Turning you pass riding and and FirstFirst Air. Turning left, left, you pass the Noel Nuvak Arena home the Noel Nuvak Arena (27)(27) home to to Chesterfield’s eager ice hockey players.

Chesterfield’s eager ice hockey players. of original the original RCMP buildings MostMost of the RCMP buildings in in Chesterfield replaced Chesterfield Inlet Inlet werewere replaced with with infrastructure by early the early 1980s. new new infrastructure by the 1980s. building red roof One One smallsmall whitewhite building with with red roof survives on right the right as turn you turn the corner survives on the as you the corner (24). on building this building features (24).

The The sign sign on this features of Inuit the Inuit “special” constables, one one of the “special” constables, a dog team, which for many and and a dog team, which for many yearsyears the only of transportation was was the only formform of transportation for police patrols to remote camps. for police patrols to remote camps.

theradio first station radio station andhousing DOT housing ABOVEABOVE the first and DOT Dave Sinnott, 1960-1961 - Dave- Sinnott, 1960-1961 BELOW the metal building farisright the magnetic BELOW the metal building on theonfarthe right the ismagnetic observatory team determined the height observatory wherewhere a teama determined the height of the of the in 1932-1933 NWT Archives/Lorenz Learmonth AuroraAurora in 1932-1933 - NWT- Archives/Lorenz Learmonth N-1987-033:0124 N-1987-033:0124

A monument recalls a tragic northern A monument (19)(19) recalls a tragic northern story.

It marks the gravesite of Maggie story. It marks the gravesite of Maggie Agnes the wife an RCMP officer Agnes Clay,Clay, the wife of anofRCMP officer stationed in Chesterfield Inlet.

One day in stationed in Chesterfield Inlet. One day in September 1924, while her husband, September 1924, while her husband, StaffStaff Sergeant on patrol, Sergeant S.S. S.S. ClayClay was was awayaway on patrol, she she Heading south you pass the school and was attacked by loose dogs.

There was Heading south you pass the school and was attacked by loose dogs. There was the former Department of Transportation no doctor or medical facilities. mission the former Department of Transportation no doctor or medical facilities.

The The mission garage site (37), and the former DOT priest amputated her leg in an attempt garage site (37), and the former DOT priest amputated her leg in an attempt offices research station (50). to save but Mrs. the next offices and and research station (50).

To To to save her, her, but Mrs. ClayClay dieddied the next the north and inland is a residential area. day, September 20, 1924.

She was buried the north and inland is a residential area. day, September 20, 1924. She was buried On the corner is the Chesterfield Inlet here in Chesterfield Inlet, and her grave On the corner is the Chesterfield Inlet here in Chesterfield Inlet, and her grave Development Corporation houses continues continues be maintained

by RCMP. the RCMP. Development Corporation (30)(30) that that houses to betomaintained by the the Kivalliq Inuit Association, MLA Nanulik the Kivalliq Inuit Association, MLA Nanulik A Journey Through A Journey Through TimeTime

3131

Sergeant Alphonse Joyce, his wife and two children, with Monseigneur Turquetil and Pere Ducharme, catching the news on the radio, Chesterfield Inlet 1937 - Diocese of Churchill-hudson Bay, ChB AD 06 0035

Further up the hill is the community reservoir, completed in 1991 (20). For years, water for the community was hauled by water truck from first lake. Winter blizzards often prevented the trucks from operating and water was sometimes in short supply. Now water can be pumped directly from the lake and stored for future use. The existing water pump facility was replaced with a new water pump house for the reservoir in August, 2011 by the territorial government.

The Naja Isabelle Home (28) is a residence for children or adults with disabilities.

It employs approximately 35 staff from part time personnel to full time registered nurses from the south. The RCMP compound once stretched from here to Police Lake, and south of the Inuksuk and Airport Road. The Inuksuk (55) was built in August 2006, by the Hamlet of Chesterfield Inlet to commemorate the first RNWMP post in the area and the early post established in Chesterfield Inlet.

From the reservoir, you can stroll across the tundra to one of several community burial grounds (21). A large monument marks the

Panorama looking north from the Canadian Corps Signals J. Lewis Robinson, of Mines and Resources Canada, August 1944

gravesite of an Oblate father who died while serving with the Catholic missions in the Kivalliq. Other markers provide insight into the earlier days of Chesterfield Inlet. Since rock and permafrost make burial difficult, the Inuit follow a traditional method, which involves piling rocks over the grave. Visitors are reminded that they should not disturb any of the markers in these cemeteries.

Return to the community through the main residential area. Few of the early houses provided by the federal and territorial government remain, and today most of the homes are similar to southern housing.

You pass Kingnguvaaq Ltd. (31), a retail store, Calm Air agent and cartage and taxi service. To the left, towards Mission Lake, is the community Health Centre (23), the northern version of a medical clinic. At one

A Journey Through Time

time, the hospital served as both hospital and nursing station (7), but the nursing station became a separate, government operated facility in 1979. The new Health Centre was officially opened October 9th, 1991. Staff includes two full time nurses, social services, two receptionists, a visiting doctor and dental clinic.

The second Co-op store was built where the warehouse is now (22). In the mid 1970s, the Co-op expanded into a former Turquetil Hall building, to house a bigger store. Pitsiulak Co-operative Ltd. was incorporated in 1971. The Co-op has its building in the previous elementary school, and operates the Tangmavik Hotel, a retail store, craft and carving sales and the fuel service contract. Some crafts and carvings are available for sale in the store. Local carvers or artisans may also sell souvenirs.

33

Now make your way back to the The original store was located between Now make your way back to the The original store was located between the Hamlet office and the “blue” house. community complex (25). Chesterfield the Hamlet office and the “blue” house. community complex (25). Chesterfield Inlet officially received hamlet status on The warehouse was built in the 1980s as Inlet officially received hamlet status on The warehouse was built in the 1980s as April 1st, 1980. The first mayor elected in a two-storey retail store and hotel. The April 1st, 1980.

The first mayor elected in a two-storey retail store and hotel. The 1980 was Eli Kimmaliardjuk. The Hamlet retail store and post office were located 1980 was Eli Kimmaliardjuk.

The Hamlet retail store and post office were located Council consists of one elected mayor on the lower level and the hotel on the Council consists of one elected mayor on the lower level and the hotel on the and eight councillors, which oversee the upper level. This building is now used and eight councillors, which oversee the upper level. This building is now used direction and operation of the community for a warehouse. On June 6th, 1990, the direction and operation of the community for a warehouse. On June 6th, 1990, the affairs. The hamlet is the second largest Pitsiulak Co-operative Ltd. purchased affairs.

The hamlet is the second largest Pitsiulak Co-operative Ltd. purchased employer in the community. The complex, the former school from the government employer in the community. The complex, the former school from the government which was officially opened June 9th, 1985, of Nunavut and this was converted which was officially opened June 9th, 1985, Residential area, Chesterfield Inlet - CEDO, June 2005 of Nunavut and this was converted is the focus for various recreational and Residential area, Chesterfield Inlet - CEDO, June 2005 into a hotel, manager’s residence and is the focus for various recreational and into a hotel, manager’s residence and community events and meetings. The radio office space. Retail merchandise was community events and meetings. The radio office space. Retail merchandise was (93.3 FM), is open from 9:00am to sold on the second floor, with the food stationstation (93.3 FM), is open from 9:00am to sold on the second floor, with the food 1:00pm on weekdays. In the mid 1980s, department on the first level. Later, the 1:00pm on weekdays.

In the mid 1980s, department on the first level. Later, the the Hamlet an office space to the Co-op moved the entire retail store into the Hamlet rentedrented an office space to the Co-op moved the entire retail store into post office and later, in 2000, the RCMP the office rental portion of the old school. post office and later, in 2000, the RCMP the office rental portion of the old school. detachment, until new facilities were built.

Pitsiulak Co-operative Ltd. celebrated its detachment, until new facilities were built.

Pitsiulak Co-operative Ltd. celebrated its 40th anniversary on June 19th, 2011.

The hamlet office is open from 8:00am 40th anniversary on June 19th, 2011.

The hamlet office is open from 8:00am to 5:00pm Monday to Friday, and A small white building just north of the to 5:00pm Monday to Friday, and A small white building just north of the the gymnasium is open evenings for community complex used to be one of thethe gymnasium is open evenings for community complex used to be one of the recreational events - volleyball, basketball or RCMP barracks buildings. It was moved recreational events - volleyball, basketball or RCMP barracks buildings. It was moved floor hockey, and other sports or organized here from its original location and for a floor hockey, and other sports or organized here from its original location and for a social events. Visitors are welcome to join while served as a Pentecostal church. social events. Visitors are welcome to join served as a Pentecostal church. the sporting events. The drop-in centre Chesterfield Inlet with the Northern Store in the foregroundwhile the sporting events. The drop-in centre Chesterfield Inlet with the Northern Store in the foreground Lee Narraway, August 2002 access to Internet is available to the public.

Lee Narraway, August 2002 access to Internet is available to the public.

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A Journey Through Time A Journey Through Time

Research & Further Reading Many thanks to everyone who assisted us: Archives of Manitoba, Hudson Bay Company Archives · Store Divisions and Districts, The Arctic Division, Moccasin Telegraph Winter 1970

· Whaling in Hudson Bay (Part I - 1765 to 1772) and (Part II - 1866-67), W. Gillies Ross, Summer 1973 · Arctic Whaling, W.A. Hunter, March 1935

· The Nascopie, The Beaver, September 1938

· An Arctic Veteran, G. V. Clark, Summer 1970

Diocese of Churchill-Hudson Bay · 75th Anniversary of the First Catholic Mission to the Hudson Bay Inuit, Charles Choque, O.M.I., 1987

· Whalers of The North, Story and photographs

by Fred Bruemmer, Winter 1971

· The Grey Nuns of Chesterfield Inlet, Northwest Territory, Ottawa, March 19, 1989 · Ste. Theresa’s Hospital, 1931 - 1981, 1981 · Ataatasiaraluk, Arsène Turquetil O.M.I., Realizing an Arctic Dream, Charles Choque, O.M.I., 2006 Prince of Wales Northern Heritage Centre, NWT Archives · Northern Settlements: Book 1, Settlements of the Northwest Territories: Advisory Commission on the Development of Government in the Northwest Territories. Ottawa, 1966 · Two Whales within the Hour, W.O. Douglas; north nord, July August, 1975 · Chesterfield Inlet the Original Keewatin Settlement, David F. Pelly, photos by Donna Barnett Northwest Explorer, Volume 6, Number 2 , Spring 1987 · Thule Eskimo Whaling in The Central Canadian Arctic, Allen P. McCartney and James M. Savelle; Arctic Anthropology, Vol. 22, No. 2, pp. 37-58, 1985 and Vol 47, No. 2, 2010, Univ. of Wisconsin

The New York Times Archive online · Son of the Vikings Navigates the Northwest Passage · Another Arctic Expedition, To the Editor of the London Times · Review of Books: In the Far Canadian North Up Here Magazine · Living History at Chesterfield Inlet, David F. Pelly, August September 1992 · The Mysterious World of Arctic Whales, K.J. Finley, April May 1992 · An Arctic Legacy - The Whalers of Kekerten, Marc Stevenson, August September 1986 Introduction to Limnological Research at Saqvaqjuaq, Northern Hudson Bay, Harold E. Welch, Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, Online Coplalook, Chief Trader, Hudson’s Bay Company 1923 - 1939, Dudley Copland, Watson and Dwyer Publishing Ltd., Winnipeg, 1985 Northern Traders, Archie Hunter, Sono Nis Press, Vancouver, 1983

RCMP Historical Collections Unit · The Pictorial History of the RCMP, North to the Arctic Frontier, 1973

An Arctic Whaling Diary: The Journal of George Comer in Hudson Bay, 1903 - 05, Edited by W. Gillies Ross, University of Toronto Press, 1984

The Beaver, CanadasHistory.ca · The Wreck of the Finback, Spring 1977

Living Explorers of the Canadian Arctic, Edited by Shirley Milligan and Walter Kupsch, Outcrop Ltd., The Northern Publishers, Yellowknife, 1986

When the Whalers Were Up North, Dorothy Harley Eber, McGill - Queen’s University Press, 1989 Red Serge and Polar Bear Pants, The Biography of Harry Stallworthy, RCMP by William Barr Thule Eskimo Prehistory along Northwestern Hudson Bay, National Museums of Canada, Ottawa 1977 The Log of Mystic Seaport Volume 35, November 4 / Winter 1984; Captain George Comer and the Arctic, Fred Calabretta, Mystic Seaport, Whaling and Eskimos, Hudson Bay 1860 - 1915 (Publications in Ethnology; No. 10) W. Gillies Ross Additional Research: · Whalers & Inuit at Cape Fullerton, Mystic Seaport, The Museum of America and The Sea · New Bedford Whaling Museum, Old Dartmouth Historical Society · Library and Archives Canada Personal Communications: · Kayak Cradles in Inuktitut, Courtesy Titi Kadluk and Joe Issaluk, June 2011 · RNWMP at Cape Fullerton, the patrols to Repulse Bay Courtesy Leonard Putulik, a story passed on by his mother, Leonie Sammurtok, June 2011 · Map of Chesterfield Inlet, names in Inuktitut Courtesy Louie Autut, Joe Issaluk and Casimir Kriterdluk · The “Blue” House rental in the 1980s Courtesy Simionie Sammurtok · Photos of Chesterfield Inlet, 1944, Courtesy J. Lewis Robinson, Retired Professor of Geography, The University of British Columbia, June 24, 1999 · History and photos of Chesterfield Inlet, Courtesy Lorraine Brandson, Curator, Eskimo Museum, Churchill

For more information about Local businesses, Guides, Tourism outfitters or Tour operators in Chesterfield Inlet contact:

Chesterfield Inlet Economic Development Officer

Hamlet of Chesterfield Inlet P.O. Box 10 Chesterfield Inlet, Nunavut, Canada X0C 0B0 Tel: 1.867.898.9951 or 1.867.898.9206 Fax: 1.867.898.9108 or

Nunavut Tourism

Tel: 1.867.979.6551 Fax: 1.867.979.1261 Toll Free: 1.800.491.7910

www.chesterfieldinlet.net