Spring Studio 2023 | Cardiff University

URBAN UPLIFT

SPRING STUDIO

S.W.O.T Analysis

SITE A

• The melange of modern and historic buildings can provide a unique and visually interesting streetscape, as well as preserving the historical character of the new incorporating and area developments.

• The river Taff flowing through the site can be a valuable asset, providing scenic views and enhancing the overall aesthetic appeal of the area.

• The site also has a good functional mix of live, work, visit all across the site.

(Dovey and Pafka 2018) • The site also has the rail lines running across the site which acts as a central point and easily accessible to the entire site. It can also act as a central point for transportation, facilitating accessibility to improving and different areas connectivity.

• The presence of pedestrian-only streets can be a positive factor for the site, promoting walkability, reducing vehicular traffic, and creating a pedestrian-friendly environment.

• Large blocks can restrict permeability, it is more difficult for people to walk or bike between different areas of the site. This can be a result of the large lot sizes that are characteristic of the site, which can create a more spread-out and disconnected layout, with fewer connections between different areas of the site.

• Minimal cycling lane can also limit the options of transportation for cycling enthusiasts and those who prefer to cycle as a mode of transportation.

• Minimal connectivity of bridges can also be an issue, this can create barriers to accessibility and make it more difficult for people to walk or bike across the river and railway line, which can be a major physical division of the site.

• Poor sidewalks and lack of maintenance can be a significant issue that affects the accessibility, safety, and overall walkability of the site.

• Creating urban spaces on the river can also improve the ecological balance of the river. The Urban spaces on the river can help to mitigate the effects of flooding.

The development of urban spaces along the river can also provide opportunities for residents.

• The site presents a promising opportunity to incorporate bike lanes alongside the roads, as the roads are spacious enough to accommodate pedestrians, cyclists, and cars.

• The old historic buildings in the site are still in use, which is a great example of adaptive reuse and retaining the architectural history of the place intact.

• Urban crime in the site can also be a problem for the social life, as it can create a sense of insecurity and fear among residents and visitors. It can also negatively impact the overall liveability and desirability of the area, as well as discourage investment and economic development.

• Due to the possibility of sea levels rising, the landscape alongside the river banks is vulnerable to flooding.

• Dilapidation of historic buildings is a major threat to the site and its identity, as it can lead to the loss of important cultural and architectural heritage.

• The new developments do bring in more density to the population of the area but it also includes on deteriorating the architectural context of the city.

STRATEGIC DESIGN FRAMEWORK VISION

Stimulating the flow of connectivity by increasing the porosity in the city which integrates the mental health into Urban Design, change of a city brings shape to its users.

OBJECTIVES

• Porosity in urban design refers to the degree to which a city is permeable, or open to the flow of people. Increasing porosity in a city can help to stimulate networks of connectivity by making it easier for people to move around and interact with one another.

• Integrating mental health into urban design is an important consideration, as the built environment can have a significant impact on people's mental well-being. This can be achieved by designing spaces that are safe, accessible, and welcoming to all, and by providing access to green spaces and natural light.

• Also, to promote social interaction, by designing spaces that are conducive to meeting and spending time with others, such as community gardens, playgrounds, and plazas. This can help to create a sense of community and belonging, which can have a positive act on mental health.

• A change in a city can have a significant impact on the way its residents and visitors use and interact with the urban environment. This can include changes to transportation systems, the development of new buildings or public spaces, or the introduction of new technology and services.

These changes can shape the way people move through the city, the way they access goods and services, and the way they experience and engage with their surroundings. It can also have an impact on the social and cultural dynamics of the city, influencing the way different groups of people interact and coexist.

STRATEGIC DESIGN FRAMEWORK SITE A

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Creating new connectivity's and social spaces across large blocks in the Brains brewery site.

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Creating pedestrian pathways and landscape across the river front .

utilising the

Activating the existing spaces across the site, to make it safer for pedestrians.

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Enhancing existing connectivity mainly in the underpasses which is rarely used and underlit.

F The main challenge is to connect the spaces across the rail lines to make it more permeable.

Providing activity on the site with strong enclosure and frontages.

The strategic design framework creates a visual and facile understanding of the design and helps us to interrelate with the S.W.0.T analysis, the design strategies proposed are related to the S.W.0.T analysis of the site, by using these strategies the design creates and improves the existing quality of life in the site. This will create enhanced connectivity, make use of the existing landscape of the site, activate spaces, and stimulate the pedestrian flow across the site.

DESIGN CONCEPT - 1

50

SITE A

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500m

150 100

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The first concept derived from the strategic design framework, objectives and vison, takes a direct approach on creating flow through the site and activating spaces and making use of the existing waterfront. The main vison is to increase the flow across the site and the concept 1 is has many proposed connections across. «< «< Activating exisiting connections

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DESIGN OPTION - 1

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The Design option 1 creates an inclusive, vibrant mixed-use space catering adequately to diverse community needs.

Connectivity and accessibility take precedence in this plan through integrated pedestrian-friendly infrastructure with green pathways as highlights. It creates connections across the railway lines increasing the flow of pedestrians through the impermeable areas.

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Figure 6.2 Design Option devlopment

DESIGN CONCEPT - 2

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The Second design concept derived from the strategic design framework, objectives, and vison, takes a direct approach on utilising the river landscape, activating the existing connections, and making the site more permeable in the Brains brewery area. It also enhances the flow of pedestrians.

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DESIGN OPTION - 2

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The Design option 2 creates an inclusive, vibrant mixed-use space catering adequately to diverse community needs. It has some common traits with the first design option, but it does not satisfy some of the strategies of the framework. It has minimal distribution of design across the site to increase the connectivity and does not address some of the points of S.W.0.T analysis.

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Figure 8.2 Design Option devlopment

DESIGN OPTION COMPARISION

DESIGN OPTION 1 (Preferred option)

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Figure 9.2 Design Option 2

Figure 9.1 Design Option 1

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After a thorough analysis using SWOT (Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, Threats) and the Strategic Design Framework, it is evident that design option 1 emerges as the preferred choice. Both design options share common traits, such as activating the waterfront and utilizing the landscape along the riverbanks. however, what differentiates them from each other comes down to their effectiveness in regard to the pedestrian flow plus public space activation.

Design option one is focused on establishing pedestrian connectivity, ensuring smooth movement throughout the site. It incorporates well-designed pathways, green spaces, and strategic placement of amenities to enhance the overall flow for pedestrians. Hence the Preferred option is the design

option 1.

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LEGEND

Starting Point

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CONNECTIVITY

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CAR AND PUBLIC TRANSPORT & PEDESTRIAN AND CYCLE NETWORK

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Base Map Source: Digimap, Source: By Author from information from Openstreet map & Google Maps

Base Map Source: Digimap, Source: By Author from information from Openstreet map & Google Maps

------------------------------------, .A. Figure 11.2 Pedestrian and Cycling

Figure 11.1 Car and Public Transport

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The brains brewery site has proposed road running right across it which serves the purpose for the proposal plan.

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The proposed pedestrian and cycle pathway alongside the river Taff and the connections across the rail lines and the river bridges creates a sense of connectivity increasing the permeability and accessibility of the site. The large block sizes of the Brain's brewery has been reduced and created pathways for more pedestrian access.

DENSITY

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BUILDING DESITY & POPULATION DENSITY

50 25

500m

150 100

250

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Figure 12.1 Building Density Map

Source: By Author from information from Open street Map & Google maps

Source: By Author from information from Ordinance Survey{GB}{2021}, Open street map & Google maps

Figure 12.2 Population Density

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Built Spaces

Gross Building coverage: 68%

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The building density of the site had a huge unutilised open space which was not being used to its potential, the new proposal gives it a very promising built-up space in that area.

The population density of the site decreases towards the northern part of the site, and the southern part of the site was not being utilised, the new proposal created a mixed-use space with commercial and residential which will in turn increase the density in the site.

------, Density I r ,- - - - -Population (people/sq m)

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DENSITY

BUILDING HEIGHT

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Figure 13.3 3D Skyline

Figure 13.3 3D View

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Figure 13.2 Skyline

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Source: By Author from information from {Cardiff. , - lMa/e5- UK- 30. 2018}

• The buildi n g height i n creases a n d i n fiue n ces the de n sity of the area, the buildi n g height i n the n orth of the site is mostly co n temporary tall structures, he hei ht of the buildi n g i n fiue n ces the chara�ter o� a _ _ �d- n g the n ew proposed site are mostly buildi n gs of ��� � n d above which will simulta n eously i n crease the de n sity of the area.

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FORMAL MIX

BUILDING AGE & LOT/GRAIN SIZE

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Figure 14.1 Building Age

Base Map Source: Digimap, Source: By Author from information from Ordinance Survey{GB}{2021}

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Figure 14.2 Lot/ Gram Size

Base Map Source: Digimap, Source: By Author from information from Open street map & Google maps

Formal mix in the site is characterized by a deliberate and planned integration of different functions and land uses .The building age in the site is mostly modern building in the north of the site which equally impacts the use of the building, the modern structures built in the site are prone to open spaces and have considerations to stimulate the flow of pedestrians by reducing the lot sizes, the proposed design in the site creates more mix of modern while still preserving the existing structure of a historic building.

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FUNCTIONAL MIX

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Base Map Source: Digimap, Source: By Author using technique from Dovey and Pafka 2020

The live/work/visit triangle constructs a field of possible relations between three primary functions that resonate with what economists have often called reproduction, production, and exchange (incorporating social exchange). (Dovey and Elek Pafka 2020). The functional mix in the site in mostly towards work and visit and the new proposed plan integrates live, work , visit in the plan of the site, which brings in a more formidable functional mix to the sites characteristics.

Source: By Author using 30 design & planning platform {VU.CITY. 2023}

Figure 15.3 3d View of Fuctional Mix

PUBLIC/PRIVATE INTERFACE SITE A

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Base Map Source: Digimap, Source: By Author using mapping technique Dovey and Wood 2014

LEGEND

IMPERMEABLE/BLANK DIRECT/OPAQUE DIRECT/TRANSPARENT PEDESTRIAN SETBACK CAR SETBACK

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The public/Private interface is about how a building speaks out to its users, the interface of the building responds to its character and use of the building, some building in the north of the site are Direct/Opaque for privacy and some are impermeable/blank due its unfortunate location, The design proposal promotes a more direct and transparent approach to the Public/Private interface.

While in social terms the meanings of "public" and "private" space are ultimately contestable, our focus is on the materiality of the interface along the legal cadastral boundary. (Dovey and Wood 2014)

BUILDING TYPES

SITE A

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e e e t to und e rstand the bu1·1ding typology 1s • to und e rstand the u rban t pes a r e t :���;�g � : � c: ·1d g in the site a r e mostI towe rs and pa v1·1·o mor phoI og ofthat p 1 n, a� ;:id �y ;Dov ey (:� l:� T Y Y . brings in mor e of a me l g f a��t���s l�f bui lding cr e atn the pr opos e d d esign i g a ne w u rban mor phology for the site .

PUBLIC SPACE TYPES & NETWORK 0

SITE A

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Public Sidewalks

OPEN-PRIVATE SPACE

Plazas

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Source: By Author using technique from Dovey and Pafka {2020}

Public space types play a major role in shaping the flow of pedestrians and the orientation of a building aesthetic. The site has vast open areas and a melange of different public space types, the proposed design included the flow of pedestrians through the site at any given time making it an open public space.

GREEN & BLUE INFRASTRUCTURE

SITE A

50

25

500m

150

100

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10m Source: By Author

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Figure 19.1 Green & Blue Infrastructure

Base Map Source: Digimap, Source: By Author from information from Open street map & Google maps

10m

Source: By Author

Figure 19.3 River front Plan

Source: By Author

Figure 19.4 River front Isometric view

The green and blue infrastructure acts as a major aesthetic feature to the morphology of the place, Site A has River Taff running alongside with lot of unutilised urban waterfront, the new design proposal makes use of the spaces alongside the River Taff by creating pedestrian pathways and cycle lane, creating a flow of connectivity of green and blue spaces to the user.

SOCIAL MIX

DEMOGRAPHY,GENDER,A GE,INCOME,RENT,RENT ED TYPE

Type of Use Residential

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CARDIFF, LAST 12 MONTHS

71

10 6 68 9 67 66

64 � 62 61 60 5859 57 56 55

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■Male

34: 32 31 30 2 28 9 27 26 25 24 23 � 21 18

e Detached e Semi-detached e Terraced

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16 15 14 13 12 11 10 17

• Flat

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30,000

Source: {HOPKINS 2018}

Source: {HOPKINS 2018}

Figure 20.3 Type of House Rented

Figure 20.1 Gender Population CARDIFF: AGE PROFILE

Source: {HOPKINS 2018}

Figure 20.4 Types of Property

-.. - -- -- -- -- - -- - --------Property sales volumes

1,500 1,000 500 0 Under&nbsp;16 e Cardiff

e Wales

Figure 20.2 Age profile

under£50k - £50k-£100k - £300k-£400k £400k-£500k

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2021-12

2022-01

2022-02

2022-03

Source: {Skate Tier 2014}

2022-04

2022-05

2022-06

2022-07

2022-08

2022-09

2022-10

2022-11

Source: {Plumplot 2022}

Figure 20.5 Property sales average

The population of Cardiff is diverse and has a mix of different collar jobs and roles in the city, the rental average is increasing every year in demand, this could affect the people and their daily life. The new design proposal has mix of different opportunities to house different household , this will ensure a Social Mix in the Site

STREET LIFE

STATIONARY ACTIVITIY, TRANSITORY ACTIVITY, RHYTHM, 10

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Source: Mehta 2018

Base Map Source: Digimap, Source: By Author from information from Open street map & Google maps

Base Map Source: Digimap, Source: By Author from information from Open street map & Google maps

Cardiff Central Square, being one of the most vibrant places in the site, experiences a noticeable shift in behavioral patterns between weekdays and weekends. During weekdays, the square becomes a bustling hub, attracting a diverse mix of people. Students frequent the area, making use of nearby educational institutions and libraries. The square also serves as a transit point for passengers commuting to and from the railway station, creating a constant flow of people.

The proposed square at Brains Brewery exemplifies an ethical illustration of the square's behavioral patterns. It serves as a dynamic space that adapts to different needs and activities.

Whether it's the presence of students and railway passengers on weekdays or the influx of skateboarders during weekends, the square fosters a diverse and inclusive environment, catering to various users and their interests.

Figure 21.1 Cardiff Central Square

Figure 21.2 Brains Brewery Square

KEYPLAN

STREET DESIGN

QUALITY,ENCLOSURE ,FACADE DESIGN,STREET DESIGN,STREET LIGHTING,STREET ART,FOOTPATH DESIGN

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Figure 22.1 Proposed Street

Source: By Auth0r

Figure 22.2 Proposed Water front

Source: By Author

Figure 22.3 Prposed Highline

Source: By Author

Figure 22.4 Street Furniture

Source: By Auth0r

Figure 22.5 Proposed Water front

Source: By Author

Figure 22.6 Footpath Design

Source: By Author

The primary goal of street design is to create a user-friendly and safe environment that encourages engagement and interaction. By incorporating thoughtful design elements, such as well-defined pedestrian pathways, clear signage, proper lighting, and comfortable public spaces, street design aims to enhance the overall experience of users. This includes providing accessible and inviting spaces that promote walking, cycling, and social interaction while ensuring the safety of all individuals. Ultimately, the purpose of street design is to create an environment that is welcoming, enjoyable, and conducive to a sense of community and well-being.

OTHER ASPECT

50

URBAN CRIME

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3,000

>200% >170%

2,500

>140% >110%

2,000

>100% >90%

1,500

>60%

500 0

2021-12 2022-02 2022-04 2022-06 2022-08 2022-10 2022-01 2022-03 2022-05 2022-07 2022-09 2022-11

Source: plump/at Base Map Source: Digimap, Source: By Author from information from Open street map & Google maps

Figure 23.1 Building Height

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Figure 23.3 Total Crime Volume by monthly

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Urban Crime in Cardiff is mainly seemed to be high in the City centre and the residential neighbourhoods situated south of the site. This could be mainly due to reasons of overcrowding in the city centre, and lack of resources and opportunities in the residential neighbourhoods. Urban crime types in Cardiff as a whole s opposed to violent crimes, the second highest is anti-social behaviour & criminal damages and theft. This is a major issue in areas in the City centre where the public spaces could be more enhanced which will in turn increase social activities and reduce urban crime rates.

TECHNICAL DESIGN AND DETAILING 1 BRAINS BREWERY

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The Final Form has blocks around the perimeter and creates a social space in the cavity of the blocks Trimming Huge Blocks makes the Perimeter more permeable

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A distinctive mixed-use development, Brains Brewery emerges as a new growth in its surroundings. Its design is intentionally crafted to engage with the environment despite any contrast present. The brewery chooses strategic design to integrate into its landscape, and pays careful attention to public spaces in order to establish harmony within the urban fabric. As a result of this approach, connectivity between people and places is encouraged whilst visual coherence and a sense of belonging are fostered.

TECHNICAL DESIGN AND DETAILING 2 PEDESTRIAN BRIDGES

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The pedestrian Bridges across the railway and river create a pedestrian pathway and a bicycle lane increasing connectivity.

Additionally having designated bicycle lanes helps promote accessibility even further by providing alternative options when traveling around this area; resulting in less reliance on vehicles which ultimately leads towards more eco friendly transportation choices! All things considered then- its clear that these essential features contribute significantly towards creating a well connected environment that not only enhances mobility but also promotes sustainable modes of transport.

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TECHNICAL DESIGN AND DETAILING 3 RIVERFRONT

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Urban riverfront activation is crucial in creating a sense of place according to Daly (2021). In transforming this area into an engaging space for community use under this design approach. The inclusion of various amenities such as walkways, cycling paths, seating areas, and landscaping encourage pedestrian and cyclist movement along River Taff's banks. Utilizing River Taff's urban landscape ensures maximum potential for recreational activities alongside enhanced social interaction while enjoying nature.

Analysis of the site