Autumn Studio 2022 || Cardiff University

AUTUMN STUDIO

Total Word count: 3043 / Pg No. 1

SITE JUSTIFICATION SITE A

Base Map Source: Google Earth

Figure 2.2 Key Plan

Justification • The two major axes running right across SITE A, one is the River Taff and the other is the railway line, can create a physical division on the site.

• The banks of River Taff have not been used to its full potential; it has great opportunities of creating a biodiverse environment in the site.

• The railway line acts as an epicentre to the site creating accessibility and connectivity easier for pedestrians, and has opportunities for transit oriented development.

Base Map Source: Google maps

Figure 2.1 Site A Map

0

50 25

150 100

500m 250

PERMEABILITY

N

INTERFACE CATCHMENT

�

-�-

Figure 3.1 Students 1c,00 - 6792m

0 50 25

BLOCK SIZE

100

--�-

Figure 3.2 Office Workers

1c,00 - 6093m

500m

150 250

0 50 25

Figure 3.3 Visitors

150

100

500m

1c,00 - 2382m

--�0 50 25

250

150

100

500m 250

Block size (m') o

- sooo

5000 -10000 10000 - 20000 20000 - 30000 > 30000

Starting point of Interface catchment

Figure 3.5 Starting point Student Accomadation

Figure 3.6 Starting point BBC building

Figure 3.7 Starting point Stadium

The Interface catchment, as depicted in Figure 3.1, 3.2, and 3.3, shows the different categories of people from different locations who move about the site. From the starting point, exactly 500m. "The permeability of the street network is linked to the total length of interface catchments, and ultimately to street life vitality" (Dovey and Pafka 2019).

Figure 3.4 Block Size 0 50

150

----25 100

500m 250

It is clear from the map that the rail networks and river Taff in Site A increase the distance of walkability. Large lot sizes can reduce the permeability of a site because they can create a more spread-out and disconnected layout, with fewer connections between different areas of the site.

CONNECTIVITY

N

ep

CAR AND PUBLIC TRANSPORT & PEDESTRIAN AND CYCLE NETWORK

----

Source: By Author from information from Cardiff Bus (2023)

Figure 4.1 Rail and Bus Connectivity (In & around Cardiff)

0

1000m

500

N

ep

24, 25, CAVC Rider 21, 22 11,61

7, 8, 9, 9A 13, 32

17, 18 608,609,610,611 28. 28A Train Station

I

m

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I

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'----{.-;7,r\ � / ��. «.

"'/f;__ \ �1 ' ," ' c---" :,(\� �\ ,, \ \ 1' �i.--. �{ \ t"'1 °'

I - - ;; �f< - -h <1- '0400____,.._4,--m

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Figure 4.2 Car and Public Transport

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a

,.,

Base Map Source: Digimap, Source: By Author from information from Openstreet mop & Google Maps

,-----------------------------------------------, ® ® j '-----------------------------------------------� Rail Networks

I I

l

-----

Figure 4.3 Pedestrian & Cycling Network

Bus Routes

-

Bike Racks

Parking Garage

11fn

Pedestrian Crossing

•

•

50

150

100

250

Train Station

- - - - -

Existing Pedestrian path

Bus Stop

•••••••••••••••

Cycle Friedly Roads

25

500m

I

Cardiff is well connected in terms of bus routes and road networks, providing residents and visitors with convenient and efficient transportation options. This can make it easier for people to move around the city and access different areas and amenities.

Site A encounters obstacles when it comes to the mobility of pedestrians and cyclists. Despite having a established network, for cycles and pedestrians, there are restricted movement across the railway lines and the River Taff that impede pedestrian movement. Moreover, the lack of designated bicycle lanes raises safety concerns, for cyclists.

DENSITY

N

GROSS COVERAGE, POPULATION DENSITY, RESIDENTIAL DENSITY

--�-25

150

100

--�---

Figure 5.2 Population Density

Figure 5.1 Gross Coverage 52%

o 50

�

500m 250

o 50 25

100

Population Density (people/sq m) Spaces Built Spaces Open Spaces

0-10 10-20 20-30 30-40 40-50 50-60 60-70 70-100 100-200 > 200

--�---

Figure 5.3 Residential Density 500m

150 250

'

o 50 25

150

100

500m 250

Dwelling Density (House/hectare) 180 + 160 + 140 + 120 + 100 + 80 + 60 + 40 + 20 + > 20

A gross coverage of 52% means that 52% of the site is covered by built structures and the remaining 48% is open space. Having a balanced ratio of built-up areas and open spaces can be beneficial for the overall liveability of the area, although some of the open spaces in the site are inaccessible. "That urban densities are at once social and physical; and that densities of people and buildings are not easily separated" (Dovey and Pafka 2014).

If the population density and residential density of the site has less residential areas.

'

DENSITY

BUILDING HEIGHT

Source: By Author from using 30 design & planning platform (VU.CITY. 2023)

Figure 6.2 3d view

Source: By Author from information from {Cardiff_ Wales_ UK_3D. 2018)

Figure 6.3 Skyline

Source: By Author from using 30 design & planning platform VU.CITY (2023)

Figure 6.3 3D Skyline

Building Height (m)

Figure 6.1 Building Height

I

0

50 25

150 100

500m 250

■■

0-10 10- 20 20- 30 30-80 >80

In Site A it seems that the height of the buildings is noticeably greater, than that of the buildings in the city center. The taller structures offer advantages, such as increased density, efficient land utilization and expansive views. They also provide space for purposes like offices, residential units, and retail spaces. Moreover, these taller buildings contribute to a visually captivating cityscape.

In contrast historical buildings tend to have heights due to their construction during a time when building techniques and materials were less advanced.

FORMAL MIX

ep

ep

N

BUILDING AGE ,LOT/GRAIN SIZE

N

Building Age Historic lnterwar Mixed Age (Renovated) Modern Postwar Sixties Seventies

Lot Size (m') 0 - 3000 3000 - 6000 6000 - 9000 9000 - 12000 12000 - 15000 15000 - 18000 18000 - 21000 21000 - 23000 23000 - 26000

> 29000

Source: By Author from information from Open street map & Google maps

Source: By Author from information from Ordinance Survey(GB)(2021), Open street map & Google maps

Figure 7.1 Building Age

0

150

50 25

100

500m

Figure 7.2 Lot/Grain size

250

0

150

50 25

100

500m 250

The mix of building ages in the area of analysis is diverse, with a predominant presence of historical buildings and renovated post-war buildings.

The Cardiff Local development plan has 2006-2026 has a direct influence where most of the building are of average lot size with higher FAR ratio, in some cases it has a mixed use of spaces.

The lot size of a building refers to the size of the land on which it is built. In the Site A, it appears that the lot sizes of the historic buildings are quite large, while the lot sizes of the modern buildings are relatively small in comparison with a higher FAR ratio.

FUNCTIONAL MIX

:' ENTERTAINMENT '1

LIVE,WORK,VISIT

,

................... ,, ..............: � ,

,' COMMUNITY

RECREATION

HEALTH

EDUCATION

OFFICE INDUSTRY

VISIT

Figure 8.1 Functional Mix

Source: Author by using mapping technique from (Dovey and Pafka 2017)

0

50 25

150 100

500m

LIVE

WORK

250

In the case of Site A, it appears that there is a large amount of work and visit in the site such as commercial spaces.

This type of functional mix can create a vibrant and diverse community, as it allows for a range of activities and amenities within proximity. The Urban mix of the site can be understood in multiple scales, the primary accessibility being cars, cycling and pedestrian, however the site has a conveniently situated railway station in the centre of the site which increase walkable access and brings in a good mix Live, Work and Visit, which translates to a good transit-oriented module.

PUBLIC/PRIVATE INTERFACE o

SITE A

25

50

150 100

500m 250

Car Setback

I I I

ll

,----------

1

Base Map Source: Digimap, Source: By Author using mapping technique Dovey and Wood (2014)

Impermeable

Pedestrian setback

I I I I I

Figure 9.1 Public/ Private Interface Map

Direct Opaque

LEGEND

IMPERMEABLE/BLANK DIRECT/OPAQUE DIRECT/TRANSPARENT PEDESTRIAN SETBACK CAR SETBACK

, _________ _ -

Direct Transparent

�

I I I I ' Source: (Dovey and Wood 2014)

The public/Private interface is about how a building speaks out to its users, the interface of the building responds to its character and use of the building, some building in the north of the site is Direct/Opaque for privacy and some are impermeable/blank due its unfortunate location.

The site has a lot of direct opaque and direct transparent building which speaks out how it interacts with the public directly. The building along the rail lines have limited access and mostly impermeable buildings to enhance privacy, contradicting the public and private interface.

While in social terms the meanings of "public" and "private" space are ultimately contestable, our focus is on the materiality of the interface along the legal cadastral boundary. (Dovey and Wood 2014}

BUILDING TYPE

■

□ ■ □

Ill

[}

PAVILLION

COURTYARD

TOWER

PERIMETER

ROW

SLAB

Building Types Source: Dovey 2016

Figure 10.1 Building Type Map

Source: Author using information from (Dovey 2016, pp.69-78}

o

150

50 25

100

500m 250

Dovey divided building types into six categories according to form, density, and combination mode. Innovative urban and architectural design involves the adaptation of existing types and the invention of new ones (Dovey 2016, pp.69-78). The building types in Cardiff are mostly row houses in the residential areas, in the city centre the buildings are clustered, and it becomes a slab. Apart from the old and historic buildings in the city centre the modern buildings which mostly are towers and the stadium is considered as pavilion. The corelates to how diverse the melange of different buildings are in Cardiff.

PRIVATE/PUBLIC SPACE TYPES & NETWORK

SITE A

o

50

25

150

100

500m

250

N

z

Public Sidewalks

OPEN-PRIVATE SPACE

Plazas

Shops Hotels Churches

� (I) (I)

Shopping Malls

w

Parks Beaches

OPEN-PUBLIC SPACE

Arcades Private Plazas

Carparks

Museums

Recreation

Libraries

0 0 <(

•

PUBLIC

CONTROL Source: Dovey & Pafka (2020)

'- - - - - - - - -,

1

I I :

I I

1 1

I

LEGEND Public Space Types

■ ■ •

Open Public Space Quasi - Public Space Open Private Space Ticketed Space lnaccesible Public Space Invitation Space Restricted Public Space

:

I

:

I I

I

I

\ ---------✓I

Figure 11.1 Private & Public Space Types and networks Public And private space types play a major role in shaping the flow of pedestrians and the orientation of a building aesthetic. According to Dovey and Patka (2020) "In terms of the right to the city, we suggest that "publicness" is better construed as a space of possibility" The site has vast open areas and a melange of different public and private space types, the brain brewery in Site A has a restriction of access to people, the northern part of site A has good amount of accessible public spaces.

GREEN AND BLUE INFRASTRUCTURE

ep N

Figure 12.2 A photo of River Taff

Base Map Source: Digimap, Source: By Author from information from Openstreet map & Google Maps

Figure 12.1 Green and Blue Infrastructure

o

150

50 25

100

500m

-

Blue

-

Green

Source: By Author from using 3D design

Figure 12.3 Green Infrastructure

& pfonning platform VU.CITY (2023)

250

Green infrastructure refers to the use of natural systems and landscapes, such as forests, wetlands, and parks. Blue infrastructure refers to wetlands. Both types of infrastructure can help to improve water quality, reduce flooding, and provide a sustainable environment.

The river Taff is one of the most important Urbanscapes flowing right across Cardiff, it has a well-known history. T here are a lot of green pockets in and around the site which is not utilized to its full potential and one of the biggest green spaces are at the banks of the river Taff which is not very well maintained.

SOCIAL MIX

ep N

DEMOGRAPHY, GENDER, AGE, INCOME, RENT

ep N

- Female

Households rented Privately <5 5%-10% 10%-15% 15%-20% 20%-25% 25%-30% >30

-

-

96 92 88 84 80 76 72 68 64 60 56 52 48 44 40 36 32 28 24 20 16 12 08 04 00 -10000

- Male

f /

-5000

Source: Author using information from Plump/at {2021}

Figure 13.1 Household 25 rented privately

0 50

150

100

�-

10000

5000

Source: Plump/at {2021}

Source: Author us,ng ,n ormatlon ram PTumj5/ot72V2]

Figure 13.3 Cardiff Population ( 485000)

500m

Figure 13.4 House hold 0 50 150 25 100 net income

250

-- -

- -- - -- -- - -- -- --- ----

500m 250

Property sales volumes

1,500

Households rented Socially

1,000

<5 5%-10% 10%-15% 15%-20% 20%-25% 25%-30% >30

500

under£50k - £50k-£100k - £300k-£400k £400k-£500k

2021-12

2022-01

2022-02

£100k-£150k - £150k-£200k - £200k-£250k - £500k-£750k £750k-£1 M - over £1 M

2022-03

2022-04

2022-05

Figure 13.5 Cardiff Property sales volumes

2022-06

2022-07

2022-08

£250k-£300k

2022-09

Net Household Income 40,000+ 35,000+ 2022-10

2022-11

Source: Plump/at {2021}

30,000+ 25,000+

The diversity of residents, on the site corresponds to their connectivity levels, annual household incomes and rental rates. It's important to note that there are differences in incomes and rents between the residents in the city centre and those in the part of the site. This disparity can affect cohesion. ource: ut or us,ng ,n ormatlon ram ump ot 2021}

Figure 13.2 Household rented socially

o 50

150

2't 1tff

5oom 250

To address this, it would be beneficial to implement policies and programs that promote affordable housing options for lower income residents improve transportation choices and encourage mixed income developments.

STREET LIFE

STATIONARY ACTIVITY ,TRANSITORY ACTIVITY, RHYTHM

o� 5 0 ��� 1 50m � � �-•iiiiii ��--

25

�

�

�

100

o� 5 0��� 15 0m -•• � �--� • �� 100 25

. . ... ·.·. ....... ...... ..: ..

•:

Source: By Author from technique from Mehta {2019}

Figure 14.1 Behavioral Map on stadium event day

,-------

\ LEGEND ' I Type of Activities I SOCIAL 1 1 POLITICAL 1 1 1 ECONOMIC 1 I ◊ LEISURE/PLAY I

o o a

Figure 14.2 Behavioral Map on normal day

Source: By Author from technique from Mehta {2019}

The functional mix has a significant impact on the behavioural mapping, as documented on event days of the stadium, it gets busy and gives pathway to new merchants, it also significantly increases the flow of pedestrians significantly. Since the Site A has got govt building it is actively engaging for protests to take place, the change in behavioural mapping on a busy day and on a normal day significantly changes the density of traffic and pedestrian flow.

' - - - - - _ I ,----------, ,----------, ,----------, ,----------, ,--------------,

Source: Key to t e City 2022

Figure 14.3 Stadium event day

1gure

.

Street merchants selling merchandise during events in the stadium

ro es

Bike rental stands for renting bikes.

Social spaces outside restaurants for people to sit around and have a meal Kids play in the square usually skateboard around the furniture Social spaces outside office areas with pedestrian setback to interact with colleagues on a break

Figure 14.5 Photo A

Figure 14.6 Photo B

Figure 14.7 Activity Map

Protests infront on the Govt. Building

Social spaces for office workers to socialize while having a break

DENSITY

N 150m

50 100

25

The functional mix has a significant impact on the behavioural mapping, in the case of Figure 15.1 the behavioural mapping shows the density of pedestrians accessing the railway station, and the activities in the central square of Cardiff. In the case of Westgate Street, the pedestrian flow is comparatively less than the Central square as it has traffic flowing through it.

25

100

Source: By Author

Figure 15.5 Photo A

Source: By Author from technique from Mehta {2019}

<>

Figure 15.1 Behavioral Map

150m

50

�

Figure 15.3 Behavioral Map

Source: By Author from technique from Mehta {2019} Social spaces outside restaurants for people .+-----+-------�-------+_____, to sit around and have a meal

Bike rental stands for ---------r-t------::a1---- renting bikes . .--_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-__, 11--1 � ======-�;::--7"7---��,__-1---'= '---....- .,._ -----,--------, - Places to sit ,relax and hangout. �-

Kids play in the square usually skateboard around the furniture

Street Artist/ Musicians perform in the street

Social spaces outside office areas with pedestrian setback to ----+-----+----1 interact with colleagues on a break

Bus stops outside the stadium provide social spaces

L..l� ------=---=-------:--------1;,_.....,______ 1 Ticket vending / machines outside the and newpaper :::��� �

<>

Figure 15.2 Activity Map

Source: By Author from technique from Mehta {2019}

Panhandling in front of the station

KEYPLAN

,-----\ LEGEND '

I Type of Activities I

1 1 1

o o a

SOCIAL

POLITICAL ECONOMIC

1 1 1

◊ '------'

I

LEISURE/PLAY

I

Social spaces outside restaurants for people to sit around and have a meal Social spaces in the pedestrian areas for interaction among the pedestrians Source: By Author from technique from Mehta {2019}

Figure 15.4 Activity Map

STREET DESIGN

Figure 16.1 Footpath Design

Figure 16.2 Footpath Design

Figure 16.3 Street Furniture

Foot path design in Cardiff in some areas have been design perfectly for the ease of access to pedestrians. The footpath plays a critical role in ensuring the safety and accessibility of pedestrians.

Site A has well design footpaths and is easily navigable, have appropriate widths and surfaces for different types of users, and be well-lit and maintained.

In Site A, street furniture is typically well-located, which means that it is placed in strategic locations that are easily accessible to people and that serve the intended purpose.

Source: Author

Source: Author

Source: Author

Figure 16.4 Enclosure

Figure 16.5 Facade

Figure 16.7 Street Furniture

This is Royal Arcade which is an enclosed pathway that increases the permeability for pedestrian access.

The facade of a building refers to its exterior appearance, including its architectural design and decorative elements. In the context of Site A, the facade of the buildings has a historic significance and also have modern building in the area. It has a cultural and historical identity of the city.

Site A has a fair amount of green patches on the roads and dedicated bicycle lanes for safer mobility of cyclists in the area.

URBAN CRIME N

CRIME RATES

�

- CF, Cardiff - England & Wales crime rate 10

2021-12

2022-01

2022-02

2022-03

2022-04

2022-05

2022-06

2022-07

2022-08

2022-09

2022-10

2022-11

Source: Plump/at {2021}

Figure 17.2 Crime rate comparision

No. of crimes/ 1000 people > 1000 > 500 > 200 > 100 > 50 > 20 > 10

Figure 17.1 Urban Crime rates

0

150

50 25

100

500m 250

Urban crime refers to criminal activity that occurs within cities and urban areas. It can include a wide range of criminal activity, such as violent crime, property crime, drug-related crime, and white-collar crime. Urban crime can have a significant impact on the safety, security, and quality of life of residents and visitors.

Urban crime is often concentrated in certain areas of a city, such as high-poverty neighbourhoods or areas with high levels of social and economic disorganization. These areas may lack access to resources and opportunities, and may have weaker social networks and community cohesion, which can contribute to higher crime rates.

Design Proposal