BSc in Architecture, Thematic Portfolio, Politecnico di Milano

EDU - SPHERE

Designing Environments for Integration, Education and Social Sustainability

THEMATIC PORTFOLIO BOZUSHKA KAMELIA ALEXANDROVA 967287

Politecnico di Milano School of Architecture Urban Planning and Construction Engineering Architectural Design A.Y. 2022/2023 September Graduation Session

CONTENT

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT

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DESIGNING ENVIRONMENTS FOR INTEGRATION

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The Olympic Village - Student Housing (Milan)

This chapter focuses on the pursuit of integration and how it takes center stage within communities, institutions, and urban landscapes.

DESIGNING ENVIRONMENTS FOR EDUCATION UniverCity (Sarajevo)

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This chapter explores the creation of a modern educational campus that encourages collaboration and innovation.

DESIGNING ENVIRONMENTS FOR SOCIAL SUSTAINABILITY PoliUnity - Learning Through Unity (Milan)

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This portfolio is a compelling exploration at the intersection of architecture and social impact. It focuses on three key topics derived from my academic projects, revealing their role in motivating our study and enhancing our experience of architectural environments. It explores the transformative power of architectural design as a catalyst for social change rather than just as an aesthetic medium. Each project within this portfolio exemplifies the creative possibilities that arise when architecture is harnessed to enhance the educational experience. These designs reimagine traditional learning environments, prioritizing innovation, accessibility, and collaboration.

Lastly, this portfolio bridges the realms of architecture, urban planning, education, and social sciences, illustrating how the built environment can be a catalyst for change in diverse disciplinary fields.

It offers a compelling testament to the transformative potential of design when it is harnessed to create environments that seamlessly integrate, educate, and sustain the social fabric of our world.

This chapter explores diverse spaces that facilitate collaboration, foster community engagements, and promote interactive learning experiences.

CONCLUSION

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BIBLIOGRAPHY

18 2

Designing Environments for Integration

The Olympic Village - Student housing

The creation of an Olympic Village in Milan’s iconic Porta Romana neighCourse Name: Building Technology Studio for thefaupcoming visu a liza t io nborhood l s outh c a de Winter Games is more than just a temporary Academic Year: 2021/2022 solution for athlete housing. The aim is to create a village that, after the

Professors: Andrea Tartaglia, Giovanni Castaldo,

games, will be used as student housing and create a new student district,

Davide Cerati

able. The project contributes to the social fabric of the city by providing af-

making the hosting of the games more economically and socially sustain-

Site Location: Porta Romana railway, Milan,

fordable and accessible student housing. This not only supports the local

Italy

design prioritizes shared spaces and communal areas, encouraging inter-

educational institutions but also enhances the neighborhood’s vitality. The

Type: Residential and commercial complex

action and a sense of belonging among residents. In summary, this project

Collaborators: Rachelle June Colacion, Laura

lessly merges diverse functions, cultures, and communities, fostering social

Trobec

embodies the essence of “Designing Environments for Integration.” It seamcohesion and unity through innovative repurposing and sustainable design.

3

studio construction core

green roof - second

floor

Public transport

shared bedroom + kitchen

Car circulation

People path

green area - ground floor

Bicycles path

elevator representative stairs stairs connecting public with livable area

main materials

ground floor underground floor

shared bedroom

single room

all livable area

MASTER PLAN

CONCEPT DIAGRAM

On the map shown is the area which was worked on, located in Porta Romana, macro area A, lot 5. In the urban analysis, we noticed that there are not enough public green spaces, thus we wanted to include them in our concept. Starting with our project, first, we took into consideration the connectivity of the area, the height and shape of the surrounding buildings, and how they affect our project, thus we planned to have an eight-floor building, including the underground.

The first step was to separate the service spaces which we put in the core and the rest which we put in more communicative and open space around it. Since we would like to respect the height of the nearby volumes, we divided it into two cores having the living around them. Because of this, it can be put more greenery, and moreover, receive natural light from each side. There are four types of rooms through all the floors of the building. There are single rooms with and without a kitchen inside, as well as double rooms.

entrance for bank workers

Building Technology Studio

entrance for bank workers

entrance for co working space

GROUND FLOOR PLAN

FIRST FLOOR PLAN

entrance for workers in public facilities

Professors: Andrea Tartaglia, Giovanni Castaldo, Davide Cerati

Collaborators: Rachelle June Colacion, Laura Trobec

TYPICAL FLOOR PLAN

4

The construction is based on two cores which ensure the main stability of the building. On the ground and first floor are complemented by a system of pillars and a system of walls on the other floors. We have eight construction lines that do not change on the rest of the floors, thus makes it easier to transfer all vertical forces to the ground.

On the left side, we have the bank and the conference room, while on the right - the co-working space. Whereas in the middle, we have the representative space, including the cafeteria, the reception, and the monumental stairs which lead to the first floor where we have the common space and where starts the residential part.

SECTION

SECTION

All the public and common spaces are on the ground floor in order to have more connectivity with the public street. The building is thoughtfully designed to accommodate specific functions on different floors with spaces that will serve the competitors for the duration of the games and then will be seamlessly retrofitted for students and related activities for them.

SECTION Building Technology Studio

Professors: Andrea Tartaglia, Giovanni Castaldo, Davide Cerati

Collaborators: Rachelle June Colacion, Laura Trobec

5

reinforced concrete pillar, part of primal construction

small window opening to the core for the natural ventilation

doubble plaster boards C vertical and horizontal alluminium profiles supporting the plaster walls sound insulation and the vertical pipes for domestic water supply, floor heating and elecricity

small window opening to the core for the natural ventilation small window opening to the core for the natural ventilation

brick wall small window opening to the core for the natural ventilation

ah60! tripple glazed sliding windows

bide optional for disabled people

schock element

DOUBLE ROOM - PLAN AND SECTION

6: Type-room, plan and section | 1:20 SINGLE ROOM - PLANTABLE AND SECTION

There are single rooms with and without a kitchen inside, as well as double rooms. On the first three floors, there is a TABLE 6: Type-room, plan and section | 1:20 shared kitchen inside the core, that is why there are located those rooms without a kitchen inside them. On the second floor, there is a common green rooftop which is visible from all four floors above and to which all the rooms towards it have access through the full-height windows. One of the main features is how the building and, especially the rooms, receive natural daily light, having one of the walls which looks towards the outside completely open with glass.

All the shared spaces promote inclusivity and unity within communities, fostering a sense TABLE 6: Type-room, plan and section | 1:20 of belonging and social cohesion. It breaks down barriers and brings together individuals from diverse backgrounds, allowing them to share experiences, ideas, and resources. In architectural and urban design, integration ensures that spaces are accessible and welcoming to all, creating environments that are not only functional but also socially sustainable.

GROUP 22: Bozushka Kamelia, Colacion Rachelle June, Trobec Laura

IGU - Insulated Glass Unit

Frame thermal break

Aluminum main frame

DOUBLE ROOM WITH KITCHEN - PLAN AND SECTION Building Technology Studio

Professors: Andrea Tartaglia, Giovanni Castaldo, Davide Cerati

Collaborators: Rachelle June Colacion, Laura Trobec

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Designing Environments for Education

UniverCity

Course Name: Architectural Design Studio 3

The project “UniverCity” aims to transform the main campus of the University of Sarajevo into a modern and vibrant educational hub. By reimagining the

Academic Year: 2022/2023 Professors: Amra Salihbegovic, Paolo Berca Site Location: Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina

main campus of the University of Sarajevo as a modern educational hub, this project aligns perfectly with the idea of designing environments that prioritize learning and academic growth. The project goes beyond traditional campus redevelopment. It involves the construction of new facilities and the revitalization of existing structures, creating a dynamic blend of old and new as an eclectic

Type: University campus, Educational building

and inspiring campus environment that mirrors the evolving needs and expec-

Collaborators: Efrain Barranco Padilla, Braulio

transforms a campus but also elevates the very concept of what an educational

tations of modern education. Through innovative design, this project not only environment can be, enriching the lives of students and the community alike.

David Quiñonez Palau 7

The master plan shows a view of the extensive area that we were working on, located in the heart of Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina. The proposed plan encompasses the construction of eighteen new facilities while also revitalizing three existing structures.

This comprehensive approach seeks to create a new environment for the students in the city, through the means of overlapping regular forms, bringing into reality a significant vertical transition between buildings through different heights and a new landscape.

The green environment contributes significantly to the learning ecosystem, providing spaces for relaxation, contemplation, and interaction. It enhances the overall quality of life on campus, making it a place where students not only study but also thrive.

MASTER PLAN Architectural Design Studio III

Professors: Amra Salihbegovic, Paolo Berca

Collaborators: Efrain Barranco Padilla, Braulio David Quinonez Palau

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AXONOMETRY

During the working process of the project of the university campus, we had to develop more in depth the architectural-engineering faculty. To visually unify the three buildings within the faculty, a striking curtain wall has been implemented at the base. This architectural element not only serves as a unifying feature but also establishes a dialogue between the facades of the buildings. The vertical sheds, positioned at various heights, add a dynamic aesthetic quality to the structure, creating an intriguing visual experience as one navigates through the campus.

UNDERGROUND FLOOR PLAN Architectural Design Studio III

Professors: Amra Salihbegovic, Paolo Berca

Underground floor plan

Collaborators: Efrain Barranco Padilla, Braulio David Quinonez Palau

GROUND FLOOR PLAN

TYPICAL FLOOR PLAN

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24.90

20.20

15.90

15.70

11.20

11.20

6.70

SECTION

SECTION

SECTION

SECTION Architectural Design Studio III

Professors: Amra Salihbegovic, Paolo Berca

Collaborators: Efrain Barranco Padilla, Braulio David Quinonez Palau

One of the project’s distinguishing features is the deliberate fusion of architectural elements, representing a harmony of forms and functions. Through these graphical drawings, it can be seen the technique of overlapping regular forms that invites a dialogue between tradition and modernity, infusing the campus with a dynamic and forward-looking aesthetic. The intentional placement of the sheds not only serves an aesthetic purpose but also contributes to the overall functionality of the space. They provide shaded areas, encourage passive cooling, and promote energy efficiency, aligning with the principles of sustainable design. Beyond their pragmatic function, these vertical elements become symbols of creativity and architectural ingenuity, elevating the entire campus into an engaging and inspiring educational environment.

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Designing Environments for Social Sustainability

PoliUnity - Learning Through Unity

Course Name: Final Design Workshop Academic Year: 2022/2023

The project aims to transform the abandoned entrance of “Piscina Guido Romano” into a modern building that connects the local community and students of Politecnico di Milano, Italy. This renovation revitalizes the area and

Professors: Emilio Faroldi, Maria Pilar Vettori,

integrates public spaces with student-dedicated areas. Focusing on accessi-

Federico Bucci

learning, and engagement. A vibrant park following the pool geometry is creat-

bility, aesthetics, and functionality, the project creates a hub for collaboration,

Site Location: Campus Bonardi, Milan, Italy

ed, with the old pool intelligently divided into an amphitheater and pool areas

Type: Mixed-use building

linking it through an underpass to a striking circular stairway reminiscent of the

Collaborators: Ian Fernández, Marzieh Forooghi, Duru Kalay

for year-round usability. The new building extends the underground “patio,” existing one. This architectural innovation grants access to student activities on various floors, promoting interaction and community engagement. It symbolizes the transformative power of architecture in connecting spaces and people.

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FUNCTIONAL DIAGRAM

MAIN AXES DIAGRAM

MAIN ACCESSES DIAGRAM

GREENERY DIAGRAM

The project aims to reflect on the significance and implications of the spaces for culture, memory , and leisure within a university urban campus context. A vibrant park following the pool geometry is created, with the old pool intelligently divided into an amphitheater and pool areas for year-round usability for the community.

The park not only serves as a gathering place but also reflects the principles of sustainability, utilizing the existing pool infrastructure intelligently. This demonstrates a commitment to responsible resource usage, an essential component of social sustainability.

Final Design Workshop

Professors: Emilio Faroldi, Maria Pilar Vettori, Federico Bucci

Collaborators: Ian Fernandez, Marzieh Forooghi, Duru Kalay

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2 • STUDYING/WORKING AREA • WORKSHOP • TOILETS

-2.00

1 • DIGITAL LIBRARY • PLACE TO STUDY/WORK • TOILETS

1 0.00

0.00

• CAFETERIA • TOILETS

0 • RECEPTION • EXHIBITION/GALLERY AREA • TOILETS

0 • CAFETERIA/KITCHEN • LEGO ENTERTAINMENT ROOM • TOILETS

-3.22

-1 • PATIO • EXHIBITION/GALLERY AREA

0.00

MASTERPLAN 1:500

MASTER PLAN

-3.00

CROSS SECTION LONGITUDINAL SECTION 1:500

LONGITUDINAL SECTION CROSS SECTION 1:500 GROUND FLOOR PLAN 1:200

URBAN SECTION 1:500

Final Design Workshop

Professors: Emilio Faroldi, Maria Pilar Vettori, Federico Bucci

Collaborators: Ian Fernandez, Marzieh Forooghi, Duru Kalay

The new building extends the underground “patio”, connecting it through an underpass to a striking circular stair reminiscent CIRCULATION of the existing one, granting access to student activities on various floors. The facade boasts architectural finesse with a rhythmic curtain wall, dynamic extruded and recessed volumes, and shading systems. A central void frames the park entrance, creating a captivating floating aesthetic. The shared emphasis on emptiness as a potential space for relationships is manifested in the project design, particularly through the transformation of the pool entrance into an inviting public space that serves as a gathering space for the students and the community. The facade of the project echoes the rhythm and visual appeal witnessed in Viganò’s building.

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C

C

C

C

2 0.00

0.00

0.00

0.00

10.00

10.00

10.00

10.00

4

B’

B

0.00

0.00

0.00

0.00

B

0.00

0.00

6

B’

0.00

B

B

B’

0.00

B’

3 15.00

15.00

15.00

15.00

5 0.00

0.00

10.00

-3.00

-3.00

1

10.00

Elevation B

FLOOR1:200 PLAN GROUND GROUND FLOOR PLAN

FIRSTPLAN FLOOR1:200 PLAN FIRST FLOOR

1. Patio | 515m² 2. Cafe + Lego/Entertainment area | 505m² 3. Exhibition/Gallery area | 235m² 1. Patio | 515m² 2. Cafe + Lego/Entertainment area | 505m² 3. Exhibition/Gallery area | 235m²

4. Cafe + Terrace | 575m² 5. Digital library + Terrace | 565m²

Elevation B C’

-3.40

Elevation B

10.00

-3.00

C’

SECONDSECOND FLOORFLOOR PLANPLAN 1:200

BLD001

BLD001

BLD001

BLD001

BLD001

-3.40

BLD001

-3.40

-3.00

C’

C’

-3.40

-3.00

Elevation A

Elevation B

BLD001

-3.00

BLD001

-3.00

Elevation A

-3.00

10.00

Elevation A

0.00

Elevation A

0.00

4. Cafe + Terrace | 575m² 5. Digital library + Terrace | 565m²

6. Studying/Working area + Terrace | 1225m² Terrace areas | 735m² 6. Studying/Working areabuilding + Terrace | 1225m² Total area of the | 3980m²

Terrace areas | 735m² Total area of the building | 3980m² Internally, the building offers diverse spaces such as study spaces, coffee shop, flexible areas for children, a digital library, and open spaces.

The cre-

-3.00

-3.00

-3.00

-3.00

UNDERGROUND FLOOR PLAN UNDERGROUND FLOOR1:200 PLAN

Final Design Workshop

Professors: Emilio Faroldi, Maria Pilar Vettori, Federico Bucci

ation of public spaces underneath the buildings invites the city and its inhabitants to engage with the project, promoting community interaction and enhancing the overall experience. The project sets a remarkable example of how architectural design can transcend its physical boundaries and become a catalyst for social sustainability and community enrichment. By offering diverse spaces and engaging the city, it reinforces the idea that educational environments should extend their impact beyond academic boundaries, fostering a sense of unity, collaboration, and social well-being.

Collaborators: Ian Fernandez, Marzieh Forooghi, Duru Kalay

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The project draws inspiration from the entirety of Viganò’s building, embracing its facade, volumes, functions, and the iconic “patio” feature. The resemblance between the cross columns found in both projects serves as an immediate visual connection and contextualizes the materiality and geometry of the project within the legacy of the existing building. The integration of the underpass to the new building, crowned by a distinctive circular stair reminiscent of the one existing in patio, establishes a seamless transition and honors the iconic design elements.

PERSPECTIVE SECTION

The interior spaces flow seamlessly, characterized by variations in levels, constrictions, and expansions, creating a continuous and fluid experience. The circular termination of the staircase at the entrance emphasizes perspective sequences, while the exposed stairwells contribute to the harmonious composition and vertical organization with the use of the rhythmic distributions of the windows system.

PERSPECTIVE SECTION

Final Design Workshop

Professors: Emilio Faroldi, Maria Pilar Vettori, Federico Bucci

Collaborators: Ian Fernandez, Marzieh Forooghi, Duru Kalay

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ELEVATION A 1:200 SECTION C-C’ SECTION C-C’ 1:200

GROUP 14

ELEVATION C 1:200ELEVATION B-B’ 1:200 ELEVATION BSECTION C-C’ 1:200

Kamelia Bozushka

Ian Fernández

Marzieh Forooghi

Duru Kalay

FINAL DESIGN STUDIO

Politecnico di Milano, AUIC AA. 2022-2023

SECTION BSECTION B-B’

UNIVERSITY is CITY Prof. Bucci, Faroldi, Vettori

The design of the facade embraced the interplay of design elements to create a visually compelling architectural statement. The seamless integration between the existing underground “patio” area and the new building establishes a strong connection between the old and the new while honoring the student district’s architectural heritage. The project boasts a dynamic and visually appealing facade, with a rhythmic curtain wall design.

Extruded and recessed volumes add a sense of depth and dimension, breaking away from the conventional monotony and establishing a dialogue between the structure and its surroundings. The arrangement of shading systems on the sides enhances sustainability by reducing solar heat gain while adding visual interest.

ELEVATION A ELEVATION A 1:200 ELEVATION C 1:200

GROUP 14

Kamelia Bozushka

Ian Fernández

Marzieh Forooghi

Duru Kalay

FINAL DESIGN STUDIO

Politecnico di Milano, AUIC AA. 2022-2023

ELEVATION C 1:200

GROUP 14

Final Design Workshop

Kamelia Bozushka

Ian Fernández

Marzieh Forooghi

Duru Kalay

Professors: Emilio Faroldi, Maria Pilar Vettori, Federico Bucci

FINAL DESIGN STUDIO

Politecnico di Milano, AUIC AA. 2022-2023

Collaborators: Ian Fernandez, Marzieh Forooghi, Duru Kalay

ELEVATION B-B’ 1:200 SECTION B-B’ 1:200

UNIVERSITY is CITY Prof. Bucci, Faroldi, Vettori

SECTION B-B’ 1:200

UNIVERSITY is CITY Prof. Bucci, Faroldi, Vettori

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CONCLUSION Architecture, by definition, is the art of designing and constructing spaces and buildings but, what I always percevie is more than that. Architecture has a long history, as long as man, hence it has always been present in people lives.

Despite the changes over the past millenia, architecture has always served and taken care of people, creating an insepable connection. Today, in the dualism architecture-people, we tend to care only about the second without understanding that what surrounds them, can improve, affect and change their way of living, contributing to a better world.

This portfolio has been an exploration of the intricate interplay between architecture, education, and social impact. This comprehensive examination has delved into the multifaceted realm of architectural design, emphasizing the importance of creating environments that transcend the conventional boundaries of aesthetics and functionality. Throughout the investigation of three distinct project this portfolio has critically assessed the state of the art in the chosen thematic field, offering fresh perspectives and insights that contribute to the ever-evolving discourse on architectural innovation.

The state of the art in architectural design has experienced a profound transformation over the past decades. Architecture has transcended its traditional role as a mere expression of aesthetics and has evolved into a dynamic force that shapes our cities, influences our communities, and plays a pivotal role in the pursuit of social sustainability and educational advancement.

In the field of integration, architecture is no longer confined to static structures; it has become a dynamic instrument for fostering the coexistence and interaction of diverse populations. The Olympic Village project serves as a prime example of this evolution, demonstrating how innovative design can repurpose existing spaces to create sustainable and inclusive communities. Integration, in the context of this project, is not limited to mere spatial considerations. It extends to the social fabric of the community it serves. By seamlessly merging diverse functions, cultures, and communities, the Olympic Village embodies the essence of social cohesion and unity. It creates an environment where students coexist, interact, and share experiences, fostering a sense of belonging and connection that transcends cultural and temporal boundaries. The Olympic Village project is a testament to the transformative potential of architectural innovation. It redefines the role of architecture as a dynamic force that not only shapes spaces but also fosters social cohesion and unity. This project demonstrates that architecture, when thoughtfully designed and repurposed, has the power to create enduring, sustainable, and inclusive communities that benefit society as a whole.

The state of the art in education acknowledges that learning environments must adapt to the evolving needs of students in a rapidly changing world. The UniverCity project reflects this paradigm shift by reimagining traditional campus spaces into vibrant educational hubs that foster collaboration, adaptability, and technological integration. Modern education transcends the classroom walls, and architectural design must reflect this shift by providing spaces that empower students to actively engage with knowledge and technology. It project is not merely a reflection of the evolving state of education, it is a driving force propelling the transformation of learning spaces into vibrant, collaborative, and technologically integrated educational hubs.

It underscores the pivotal role that architectural design plays in shaping the future of education - a future where students are empowered to actively engage with knowledge, collaborate seamlessly, and adapt to the ever-changing educational landscape. Through innovative design, this project has redefined the boundaries of what an educational environment can be, enriching the lives of students and the broader community alike.

Social sustainability has emerged as a paramount consideration in architectural design. PoliUnity - Learning Through Unity exemplifies this shift by revitalizing an abandoned space and transforming it into a community-centric hub for learning and engagement. Architecture, in this context, becomes a vehicle for promoting inclusivity, well-being, and the responsible use of resources. Sustainability, once primarily an ecological concern, has expanded to encompass social sustainability, emphasizing the importance of community interactions and the enhancement of overall quality of life. In the context of PoliUnity, architecture is no longer a passive entity, it actively fosters inclusivity by creating spaces that welcome individuals from diverse backgrounds. The project places a strong emphasis on well-being, not just for individuals but for the community as a whole. It transforms an ordinary space into a vibrant park, intelligently repurposing the old pool into an amphitheater and pool areas for year-round usability. This approach not only creates a welcoming gathering place but also aligns with principles of sustainability by utilizing existing infrastructure. In a world where the built environment plays an increasingly vital role in our daily lives, PoliUnity serves as a powerful reminder of architecture’s capacity to inspire positive change and create more sustainable, connected, and socially enriching communities.

Integration is not merely the coexistence of diverse elements but an innovative process that harmonizes different functions and cultures. The Olympic Village project demonstrates that rep urposing existing structures can lead to sustainable and inclusive communities, underscoring the creative potential of integration. Modern

education requires dynamic and adaptable environments. The UniverCity project highlights the importance of flexibility, technology integration, and collaborative spaces that cater to the evolving needs and expectations of students. Educational spaces must empower learners to actively engage with knowledge and technology.

Social sustainability is intimately linked to community engagement. PoliUnity showcases how architecture can connect people and spaces, fostering a sense of unity and inclusivity. Sustainable design extends beyond ecological concerns to encompass the well-being of communities, promoting responsible resource usage and enhanced quality of life.

Within this portfolio lies an exploration of this intricate interplay between architecture, education, and social impact. It represents a deep dive into the multifaceted realm of architectural design, emphasizing that architecture is not confined to the mere creation of physical structures but is a holistic endeavor, one that aspires to create environments transcending the boundaries of conventional aesthetics and mere functionality. Through the lens of three distinct projects, this portfolio has critically examined the state of the art within this chosen thematic field, introducing fresh perspectives and novel insights that enrich the ongoing discourse surrounding architectural innovation.

Over recent decades, the state of the art within the realm of architectural design has undergone a profound transformation. Architecture has outgrown its traditional role, shedding the constraints of being a mere vessel for aesthetic expression. It has evolved into a dynamic and influential force that not only shapes the physical landscape of our cities but also molds the very essence of our communities. Architecture has become a key player in the quest for social sustainability and educational progress, moving beyond the confines of passive structures to become active catalysts for positive change.

In conclusion, this portfolio embodies the idea that architecture is not just a profession, it is a vital instrument of positive transformation. It underscores the enduring connection between architecture and the people it serves, reminding us that the built environment has the potential to inspire, enrich, and elevate the human experience. As we continue to push the boundaries of architectural design, we are poised to create spaces that not only meet our needs but also enhance our lives, foster social cohesion, and contribute to a more sustainable and harmonious world.

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BIBLIOGRAPHY • Le Corbusier. Towards a New Architecture. New York: Dover Publications, 1996.

• Faroldi, Emilio. Prologhi Di Architettura-Prologues of Architecture. Electa, 2022.

• Gehl, Jan. Life Between Buildings: Using Public Space. The Danish Architectural Press , 1971.

• Rossi, Aldo. The Architecture of the City. MIT Press, 1984.

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