THE EVERLASTING TANGO: OUR ENDURING RELATIONSHIP WITH THE ENVIRONMENT

THE EVERLASTING TANGO: OUR ENDURING RELATIONSHIP WITH THE ENVIRONMENT Kalpak Manoj Kala Manchester School of Architecture

TABLE OF CONTENT

INTRODUCTION TO ‘HAIN’ CONNECTING MANCHESTER WITH SITE UNDERSTANDING CRUMPSALL PAST AND PRESENT KEY OBSERVATIONS COLLAGE CRUMPSAL SWOT ANALYSIS MASTERPLANNING THE WIDER CONTEXT TAKE BACK THE ECONOMY ASSIGNING PLOTS MASTERPLAN 2D MASTERPLAN 3D WHY HIGHRISE SOCIAL HOUSING FAILED IN THE UK? DEGROWTH STRATEGY ACTORS CHOICE OF LIVING PLAY AND SOCIALISE DEFINING PRINCIPLES DRAWING INSPIRATIONS RESPONDING URBAN FABRIC CHISELLING FORM X3 BUILDING SUNLIGHT INTERACTION INTERACTION WITH SUNLIGHT FLOOR PLANS THREE BEDROOM- SKY TERRACE HOUSE FOUR BEDROOM-SKY TERRACE HOUSE B5- SECTION 13 REGULATIONS FOR SAFETY THE FACE OF CO- HOUSING DEVELOPMENT INTERNAL COURTYARD MATERIAL PALLETE FACING ATRIUM THROUGH CO HOUSING INSIDE ATRIUM IN SYNC WITH ENVIRONMENT FROM CARE HOTEL EYE FOR DETAILING PLANAR STRUCTURAL DETAILING EXPLODING MODULE FOR DETAILS STEP BY STEP BUILDUP BUILDING HOMES CONTEMPLATION

THE EVERLASTING TANGO: OUR ENDURING RELATIONSHIP WITH THE ENVIRONMENT We will be looking a project for Intergenerational Co-Housing space in Manchester. I envision promoting and creating spaces that promote an exchange of values and moments among the Elderly and Young in controlled natural habitats. It was a great pleasure getting inputs from Joe, Aoifa and Emma’s inputs throughout the process while developing the scheme at the Manchester School of Architecture

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INTRODUCTION TO ‘HAIN’

‘People are increasingly living isolated lives: a key way to tackle this is to build housing that brings together social benefit, design and management. ‘ (Matter, 2019) There are rising issues with special needs and care, affordability, and loneliness as a result of the segregated, inflexible, and unsuitable housing in Northern Manchester, notably in Crumpsal. These factors affect people’s health and drive up societal costs. The healthiest part of Manchester is in the south, not the north. North Manchester has a life expectancy that is five years below the national average. Males and females alike may have a shorter healthy life expectancy than the 71 years recorded in England.

Intergenerational housing is a term commonly used to describe communities where individuals of different ages live together and interact with one another. Systematically implementing these with policies and catering facilities that bring people together in comfort has been shown to be effective in combating loneliness.

A successful healthy ageing community will be the result of careful consideration of how design, social benefit, and management all work together.The map on the left shows areas covered while developing a proposal.

The mission of the Healthy Ageing Innovative Neighbourhood (HAIN) Co-Housing is to develop a new area that is mixed-use, diversified, and lively and that has a strong sense of place and community. The neighbourhood is part of an ambitious plan for the NMGH grounds to transform healthcare in North Manchester in a way that benefits the inhabitants’ health, happiness, and access to better opportunities.

The plan will serve as a focal point for the neighbourhood thanks to its integrated health and social care services, upscale new housing, improved educational opportunities, and expanded recreational areas.

It will address the underlying causes of illness, helping locals recover and maintain their health. For the benefit of the local community and beyond, the total programme will serve as a catalyst for change across generations by generating new employment opportunities, enhancing existing ones, fostering healthier lives, and helping to create a zerocarbon environment.

PERFORMANCE PROTO SPACE In this slide, there is an attempt to develop a 4x4m performing space according to responses from the actors

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CONNECTING MANCHESTER WITH SITE

Manchester is a metropolitan city with a population of more than 550 thousand people. It has an extensive Metrolink network connecting the suburban residential areas with the city. One line also passes near our site in Crumpsal.

Crumpsal is a suburban area that is dominated by residential terrace houses. It is connected by an extensive network of roadways, Metrolink, and bus services. It is located 4 miles away from the city centre and takes roughly 23 minutes to drive, while it takes only 13 minutes by tram and 19 minutes by cycling. Our site is Northern Manchester General Hospital (NMGH), located near Crumpsal Park. It is the only park in the region, and Northern Manchester is known to be a densely populated and deprived area.

The journey from the city centre to the site is also very isolating in nature, as the routes are heavily motorized. The River Irk is a beautiful geographical feature that connects our site to the city centre. This river could have been a nice pedestrian walkway with a great cycling route and scenic parks to the city centre, but it is currently in lamentable condition. The map on the right shows a stretch of green bleed from the city centre to the site. It also proposes potential green parks with geographical features like ponds and riverside areas.

The images are descibed in top to bottom order Northern Manchester General Hospital Crumpsal Metrolink Station What are present conditions of River Irk What cycling route near Irk riverside could be

CONNECT MANCHESTER At this stage we doing site analysis at micro and macro scale to understainding the needs

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UNDERSTANDING CRUMPSALL

URBAN ANALYSIS We analyse the present features of Northern Manchester that could potentially lead to developing basis for proposal

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HISTORY AND DEMOGRAPHICS At this stage we analyse the evolution of Crumpsal from farmland to socially inactive densely populated community

PAST AND PRESENT

Before 1840, Cumpsall was a farmland region and hadn't had any influence from Manchester over it until the 1890s, when rapid industrialization in Manchester brought flocks of people living in the Northern Manchester and Crumpsal regions. It was when the Crumpsall witnessed rapid urbanisation with dwellings of mill labourers, and the area's population doubled quickly. This influx required the building of new schools, churches, and recreational facilities.

This is also the time when John Saw was selected as the City of Manchester's first Inspector of Public Parks, having previously distinguished himself with his designs for Stamford Park in Altrincham.

Manchester, while being heavily industrialised, took civic duties very seriously, and by the early twentieth century, it had more public parks than any other English city outside of London.

Crumpsall Hospital was built in 1876 as an infirmary for the Manchester Union Workhouse, which served through the World Wars and merged with Delaunays Hospital (1869) and Springfield Hospital (1853) to form Northern Manchester General Hospital (NMGS) in 1977.

Crumpsal, having the biggest hospital in Manchester, still struggles to serve its potential. Only 34% of people in Crumpsal have good health, compared to 75% of the national average. This mainly comes from deprived living conditions and an economically inactive status. 3 out of 10 people in Crumpsal are unemployed, compared to the 2.2 national average.

The sizes of families are also larger in the region, with nearly 50% of the national average.

These facts conclude that it is urgent to evaluate the current conditions of Crumpsal and provide a solution to this problem.

Historic Timeline Collage expressing various factors that influenced the development of Crumpsal

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OBESERVING CRUMPSAL With a realistic approach, we analysed what are potential target audience, their needs and evaluate potential opportunities for proposal

KEY OBSERVATIONS

We are tired of transporting from home to work. We will rent safe and warm home here and it will be better to have more social facilities for entertainment.

Most of the people are looking for a 3 bedroom house with big garden so their children can play there and they can also park their car there.

No enough facilities for children to play. The crumpsall park is so single type of play zone for both child and adult. Children always play at road which is danger.

Interview of locals Crumpsal is a region in Northern Manchester which has North Manchester General Hospital is critical anchor institution in the north of the city that employs more than 2000 people. The area is deprieved and this hospital plays a crucial role in generating employment in the region. More than one third of population in Crumpsal is unemployed and only 10% of Crumpsal Population are locally employed.

NMGH Hospital is still operating within its original estate with its original and needs investments to providing modern and quality solutions to provide integrated social care solutions for older generation.

Demographics Collage

20% of the population in the area is over 65 years old and 60% of living families have kids. Thus, it is important to consider their needs while developing a proposal.

Our Interviews with the local community and Demographics data obtained from Data Shine lead us to develop a multifunctional spaces that will integrate societies of all ages by developing spaces that integrates people, generates economic value and creates local employment to form a cyclic working society.

Modes of Transportation

Modes of Transportation

Employment Status

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CONTEXT AND LANDSCAPES At this stage we evaluate what is around the site through sketches and how it could be a more inviting space

COLLAGE CRUMPSAL

We illustrate the journey we undertook on the site visit to Crumpshall. Greenery, building and traffic features are analysis below

There are not many open green space around the site. People's main outdoor activities are concentrated on both sides of the street and crumpshall park

There are many historical elements on the site, such as the main building of the hospital and the surrounding nursing home, which bring historical value to the site

The main road is not very wide, and most local people still rely on private cars to travel. Especially during rush hours and near hospitals, traffic jams often occur

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Existing Residential Area

Crumpsall Park

Area to Develop

Acute Hospital

We drew a section of the site and found that there is a height difference of about half a floor between the green space and our site.

This height difference can be used to establish a good connection between the new community and the green space

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STRENGTH WEAKNESS OPPORTUNITY CONSTRAINTS

The site is close to a community park and make it a good chance to have connection

There is only one route for public transportation around the site

Close to local communities could bring locals on site

There is height different around the site, and the city levels of community is different from hospital

Hospital around bring different people into the site area

Communities are now blocked from the site

SWOT ANALYSIS At this stage we doing site analysis at macro scale to evaluate opportunities and constraints

There is only one route for public transportation around the site

Create new road to active the site

Link the site with greenery and communities

Blind into the urban fabric and height

Inclusive for different people come to the site

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MASTER PLANNING THE WIDER SITE

MASTERPLAN At this stage we doing site analysis at micro and macro scale to understainding the needs

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TAKE BACK THE ECONOMY LINKS TO TAKE BACK THE ECONOMY TAKE BACK THE ECONOMY

TAKE BACK THE ECONOMY We are analysing area through the lens of economics for developing a ecosystem that thrives in pragmatic world.

RIBA STAGE

TAKE BACK WORK

TAKE BACK FINANCE

TAKE BACK PROPERTY

Take Back Work

Take Back Finance

Take Back Property

TAKE BACK BUSINESS Take Back Business

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TAKE BACK MARKET Take Back Market

In order to achieve a widespread change through collaborative efforts, Take Back the Economy appears to be something that is further than a capitalist economy and materialistic world and it focuses on people and soc ietie s pre sently regarded as being "below the iceberg."The notion that c ommuni t y has the abilit y to shape an environment In order to achieve a widespread is advanced by takingchange control of through collaborative efforts, Take Back t h e e c oappears n o m y,to aben something d o u r c hthat oices the Economy and than commitments may be is further a capitalist economy andable to materialistic world and it focuses on and influence the lives we lead. people The book societies presently regarded as being "Below illustrates way that to acommunity more favorable the Iceberg."

Theanotion has the ability to shape an environment is advanced by outcome by emphasizing multiple taking control of the economy, and our choices chapters as well as it managed to and commitments may be able to influence complete real-life inter ventions. the lives we lead. The book illustrates a way to a more favorable outcome by emphasizing ‘The Iceberg as an Economy’ The multiple chapters as well as it managed to book's five interventions. chapters, each of which complete real-life ‘The outlines Iceberg asaan Economy’strategy The book's different to five "take chapters, each of which outlines a different back the economy," are as follows: strategy to Take Back the Economy," are as Take back work follows: Take back finance TAKE BACK WORK back property TAKETake BACK FINANCE TAKETack BACK PROPERTY back business TAKE BACK BUSINESS Take back market TAKE BACK MARKET

PLOT DIVISION At this stage we reponded to the context to show the connection between existing context and aligning proposals accordingly

ASSIGNING PLOTS

Based on the wider planning, we placed five different typologies into the site. The plan identifies its position in the site by associating the five typiologies with the surrounding areas and facilities, so as to better echo and connect with the surrounding environment

SECTION (ERIC)

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After the placement of typologies, we will enhance our concept of connection by linking the park, the square and the community with walkways and bridge that runs through the site. At the same time, different groups of people will be introduced into the HAIN community

In addition to the ground floor as a public space, we wanted to create a new public floor by connecting each building inside the site with a bridge that runs through the site. Unlike the ground floor, which is open to the wider public, the public floor on this bridge will serve more residents in the community.

MASTERPLAN ITERATIONS At this stage we doing site analysis at micro and macro scale to understanding the needs

MASTERPLAN 2D

Figure 1

Figure 3

Figure 5.

Figure 2

Figure 4

Figure 6

1. Access points and routes thorugh masterplan

3. Interaction of bridge with building blocks

5. Entry and Exit through site

2. Bridge on site

4. Campo and Campeillos formation

6. Campos and building interaction

The final plan provides four main entrances to the site, connecting the community to the west, adjacent to the potential central plaza of the large hospital area to the east, connecting the community park to the south and connecting the main road to the north, which is the main entrance to the site for most visitors.

On the interior of the site, we planned two core communal public Spaces around which the five buildings are arranged. At the same time, the bridge, as the main concept of community planning, cannot be ignored. We set up a cycle bridge connecting five buildings in the community from north to south. The north end connects the main road to the hospital area, and the south end connects to the community park. The bridge not only enhances the connection between the various buildings in the HAIN community, but also serves as a new circulation line of the district, connecting the community functions, the greenery and the residential area.

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MASTERPLAN MASSING At this stage we doing site analysis at micro and macro scale to understainding the needs

MASTERPLAN 3D

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Plot Division

CARE HOTEL

CO-HOUSING INTERGENERATION

Fragmentisation

CO-LOCATED GENERAL NEEDS

Orientation

Four Levels

12 Levels

Level Change

Masterplan 3D

WHY HIGHRISE SOCIAL HOUSING FAILED IN THE UK?

Modernism and invention of Reinforced concrete bought great benefits to the construction industry. Government in the UK had started pushing after World War 2 for social housing for people and due to reinforced concrete it became more economical for the government to accomodate more number of people in less land by building high towers of social housing. These blocks faced multiple negative social issues that were heavily influenced by design decisions.

According to Coleman (1994), she has divided modernism into four fundamental ideals: “ultra-privacy,” “community formation,” “free circulation,” and “green spaciousness.” She continues by saying that, despite seeming progressive, these beliefs had a lot of disadvantages.

First, ultra-privacy made it harder to naturally monitor areas and created more dead zones, which allowed thieves to operate unchallenged.

Second, the lack of interaction between residents made the blocks a lonely place. This promoted anonymity and led to social isolation.

Thirdly, the high-rise buildings’ numerous escape ways gave bullies and criminals a reasonable opportunity to escape. Last but not least, a significant proportion of residential crime occurred in the open green spaces as a result of the absence of a manageable buffer zone.

Additionally, because there were no boundaries, kids didn’t learn to respect others’ property, and vandalism was allowed to continue unchecked.

Although Coleman’s views did raise many valid design concerns about high-rises, Abrams et al. (2020) argue that her studies lack accountable methodologies in which she ignored the population densities within these different blocks and didn’t account for the poverty among the residential groups From the perspectives of both authors, it can be concluded that residents of high-rise blocks had faced a number of reasonable designrelated problems, some of which may have been caused by the estate’s economic situation and others by the high-rise’s actual design flaws.

Crumpsal being one of the most deprived areas in Manchester and economically weaker areas can lead to such conditions while designing the development. It is important to consider ample green spaces, individual private spaces and open exposed public spaces that shall make a safe, healthy and cosy communal living and prevent a false dogma creation Coleman (1994) mentions about.

SOCIAL BENEFITS In this slide, there is an attempt to develop a 4x4m performing space according to responses from the actors

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DEGROWTH STRATEGIES Assessing opportunities for degrowth strategies to develop zero carbon infrastructure through material reuse and modern construction techniques.

DEGROWTH STRATEGY Healing Vegetation and green spaces to enhance space and reduce carbon emissions

Use of Steel PPVC for gaining material value Reclaimed material in Terrazzo

Degrowth Strategies

1. DFMA Volumetric construction for sustainable, faster and quality construction

2. Rooftop gardens for good health, enhance space and reduce carbon emissions.

5. Reclaimed Wood for flooring

Designing with a philosophy where structure and form marry to produce aesthetically pleasing design

Minimise components Design for Manufacturing and Assembly Safe and Reliable construction

Minimise components

Speed construction

High quality and sustainability

Degrowth Principles that align with construction and materiality of proposal

Degrowth is an economic strategy that calls for the reduction of both production and consumption through design. It is a key tactic in the architecture framework that promotes economic growth while tackling climate change and social division.

The proposal for co-housing is located in the southern region of the masterplan on the Northern Manchester Hospital Campus. It is surrounded by green spaces on the southern and eastern edges and a northern open space campo that attracts people from care hotels, general needs, intergenerational living, and co-living proposals.

The proposal sits in a neighbourhood with many terrace houses and low-rise developments. Here I am trying to explore and assess opportunities for degrowth strategies to develop zero-carbon infrastructure through DfMA construction methods (Design for Manufacturing and Assembly).

2. Sustainable garden space in atrium for food and vegetables.

There are different types of DfMA construction methods. This is a Prefabricated Prefinished Volumetric Construction (PPVC). Specialised trucks and cranes are needed to transport these structure from factory to the site and stack them over.

4. Terrazo for corridor flooring made from Demolished constuction material

6. Shops and commercial units for rent out that can help in running common area expenses

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ACTORS CHOICE OF LIVING

TYPOLOGY AND ACTORS At this stage we define marginalised actors for the proposal. We target typology users , their preffered dwelling type and concerns about spaces

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DEGROWTH PRINCIPLES x RIBA SUSTAINABLE GOALS At this stage, we are exploring how programme principles can be explored spatially through plotting degrowth principles against the RIBA Sustainable Outcomes

DEFINING PRINCIPLES

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Use of alternate forms of fuel DfMA as construction technique

Sustainable Life Cycle Cost

Use of alternate ecofriendly forms of fuel

Demographics

Old age single

Family with Kids

Care House, Crumpsal

Net Zero Operational Carbon

Sustainable Connectivity and Transport Net Zero Embodied Carbon

Sustainable Land Use and Ecology

Generate social activity around

Old age couple

Sustainable Communities and Social Value

Generate social activity around sharing economies

PPS Proposal

Good Health and Wellbeing

Sustainable Water Cycle

Generate social activity around actors

Combining Programme RIBA Sustainable Outcomes with Degrowth Principles Healing architecture is the way in which a building design can promote well-being and healing. Through the design qualities stated above and the active programme, we develop spaces that promotes exchange of values between target group i.e. older generation and kids. It not only heals older generation form being alone but they shall also find great support and become active members of this society.

The Demographics chart clear presents opportunity for developing a healthy aging neighbourhood for old age people as roughly 20% people are over the age of 65 and one third population is unemployed in the area. This shows us clear opportunity to develop a proposal that can help generate employment in the area and bring the community together.

Working with Northern Manchester Hospital in Crumpsal and Old age houses near by , the cohousing development will house a variety of programme to help older generation to integrate back into society and generate local employment.

The proposal is centred around creating a building which houses all the essential functions to run on its own in economic, energy and attract communities accross Crumpsal. That’s joined the Crumpsal community, to feel secure, empowered and thrive in their new home.

Circulation Social Spaces

Private Spaces

Air Quality Daylight

Outdoor Spaces

Qualities of Healing spaces that shall be integrated with Degrowth Princliples

PLAY AND SOCIALISE

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PERFORMANCE PROTO SPACE In this slide, there is an attempt to develop a 4x4m performing space according to responses from the actors

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During a conversation with a cafe owner in Crumpsal and Nurse in Chestnut house care home, there is a need for a playing space and recreational activities for old age people. Thus I proposed to raise this issue and respond to it by developing a PPS model where these issues can be tackled.

My Proto Performing space is designed for a beautiful relationship between old people and children as a social space. Working parents are usually busy with work and need a helping hand with their kids and seniors need support and love kids. This space can be a value exchange space where kids can enjoy climbing on and around the structure under the guidance of old people.

The structure is movable and made with Glulam 24. The structural detailing is inspired by Japanese joinery where the structure stays up by not going against gravity but in synergy with gravity. The facade showcases different structural joineries that become a fun place for kids to climb and explore.

PPS 2 Design

PRECEDENTS Looking at healing architecture to support our design scheme and help old-age people live happy lively life

DRAWING INSPIRATIONS

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Form Analysis from VIA 57 West Apartments by BIG Group

Zwei + Plus Intergeneration Housing is key example to be discussed as it promotes exchange of values amoung kids and older generation through providing multiple activities areas like community area, sky garden, kindergarden, neighbourhood cafe. These areas are well distributed over the area thus the complete site stays active when in use.

Maggie Centre is a centre for healing cancer patients. The environment and material choice for construction is delicately chosen to have positive impact onto patients minds. The structure is hidden from the main road by green spaces. The users of the building experience seclusion from the city and provides a healing effect for its recovering cancer patient users.

The beauty of the building is acquired by delicate use of timber fins that not only for aesthetics but are structural beams that transfer roof weight to the core wall. The fins are fabricated offsite and installed by skilled labours onsite.

Zwei+ Plus Intergenration Housing by Trans_city TC

Maggie’s Centre, Leeds by Heatherwick Studio

RESPONDING URBAN FABRIC

ELEVATION STUDIES AND BUILDING SETTING Looking at healing architecture principles, now it is important to define the footprint of the block with more precision so that it fits better in existing building fabric

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Lack of individualism and privacy can be evaluated through the elevation study for terrace houses

The urban fabric of the area near North Manchester Hospital is dominated by terrace houses that were built for mill workers in late 19th century onwards. They were built with a capitalistic minset of accomodating people as soon as possible so that everyone gets a place to stay. The design of these units were however compromised with poor quality materials and lack of individualism in the units. The adoption of fast development is a boon but sense of individualism also must prevail while developing a proposal.

The other objective while defining the proposal was to develop building in a way that respects the fabric of the area. This way we draw parallel lines from the context and propose a proposal in a way that it matches them and continues to blend in with the existing context.

Footprint defined from parallels of building fabric

ITERATIONS Developing iterations based on identifying needs of old age people and family with kids and the spatiality of programme Iterations communicate form and needs of context.

CHISELLING FORM

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Fig 2. Pedestrian movement and Formation of campiellos (little squares)

Fig 1. Building footprint exploration defining basic form and interaction of the building with context

Here are various iterations that depict the thought process while developing the proposal for Cohousing development.

The shape is defined by the plot. The building footprint creates an inviting space in between that allows people to pass through the building without entering the building and also becomes a cosy junction point for block entrances.

Publically active programmes can be planned on the northern edges of the proposal that respond best with the public masterplan square while the southern part can be more for building users for cosy interaction of building users with green spaces on the eastern and southern edges of the blocks.

In Figure 3, my approach was to promote interaction between the green bridge and the building. Thus, one block is chamfered from the top and promotes the movement of the green bridge and the second block invites the bridge inside it, through it to create interesting spaces inside the structure.

Pattern repetition on the facade can be celebrated through this building shape as a person will experience different forms while moving towards the building on the green bridge.

In Figure 2, we explore and define the flux of pedestrians around the site. We explore the formation of two campiellos as a green bridge that connects building users from the internal courtyard to the green spaces around the designated area.v

The form responds to the site well but also forms a dark and dull internal courtyard. This problem had to be stated by changing the shape of the building but keeping the essence of the campiello formation on either side of the proposals.

Fig 3. Interaction of the bridge with the building structure.

CHISELLING FORM

ITERATIONS Developing iterations based on identifying needs of old age people and family with kids and the spatiality of programme Iterations communicate form and needs of context.

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After the exploration of previous iterations, I attempt to reiterate iterations that bag the positives and improvise on the negatives. To target dark spaces and keep the DfMA construction technique (Design for Manufacturing and Assembly) in mind, we need to keep units as similar as possible plus keep also an account of design principles and aesthetics into the equation. The solution lies in a linear building in a planar format and aligning buildings in a fashion that they are not too close to each other.

Furthermore, it is vital to consider the sun path while developing the scheme thus stepping down the units on top allows sunlight to enter maximum apartments and courtyard, doesn’t create a detrimental and capitalistic approach of stacking apartments to create large towers and composes into an intriguing form. My overall way of going here was to analyse shape in three dimensions by first resolving the twodimensional footprint of the scheme.

Building responding to its context and constrains on site to promote quality human interaction of the building on 2-Dimension and 3-Dimension

SEFAIRA AND SHADOWS Understanding the existing daylight analysis, supports us in the justification of design decisions in relation to natural daylighting and glazing.

BUILDING SUNLIGHT INTERACTION

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Sefaira Analysis for Ground floor communal spaces The analysis considerably aided me in defining four concepts:

The orientation of the Co-Housing within the context is in North-South direction allowing Morning and Evening sunlight enter the house and stepped construction is optimised in a way to allow maxiumum apartments revieve good, natural and direct sunlight.

1. By looking at Figure 1, we can see that the common gathering space (ground floor) is well-lit at the corners, implying beneficial landscaping regions in the atrium space.

2. Because the master plan’s course is underlit, this area can be used to create a public space that needs a controlled atmosphere, such as galleries and exhibition spaces. extra conference rooms 3. Considering that the floor is well insulated and the space appears to have high thermal performance, proposing rooftop solar panels for ground-floor common areas will enable the area to be energy self-sufficient. The majority of energy is used by people and equipment.

4. On a sunny day, the building’s tiered shape and orientation ensure that each home receives the greatest amount of light for at least three hours.

December

April

August

ITERATIONS In this slide, there is an attempt to develop form of the building informed by nature, context and site constrains

CHISELLING FORM

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Living Room on side that recieves more sunlight Bedroom in intimate areas of the development 3 Bedroom Sky Terrace House

4 Bedroom Sky Terrace House

Connecting Corridor Front and Back Green Porch

The plot’s shape and the sunpath trajectory in relation to the site influence the building’s form, as was previously stated.

My versions here attempt to frame the building’s dutiful response to its setting. It is crucial to have daylight all day in the living room because it is a busy area of the internal dwellings. They are so allocated in areas with the most daylight. Porches can be added on both sides of corridors with a simple extension, but the overall structure will still be boxy. My goal was to create a more captivating structure with certain rythmic elements. The home’s excellent eastwest alignment creates triangular corridor spaces with the necessary depth for an elderly couple to have a cup of tea while children play on the green back porch. This alignment in a perfect east-west axis also significantly lengthens the amount of sunlight an apartment receives and creates an intriguing rhythmic facade pattern. The connecting corrdiors (in blue) connect the building and also break the monotonous nature of 10 storey tall walls. When they have fluted pieces that support the corridor spaces and are rounded from the edges, which we will see in later renders, they gain additional character.

Defining Building Footprint and space planning internal apartment layout

Extending Corridors for front Garden spaces for every user

Realigning the internal apartment modules to East West Axis and maintaining existing building

Corridors and Private front and back porch to each sky terrace house

Curved connecting corridor wapping the building and defining internal spaces

Modules are identical thus makes it easier for DfMA Manufacturing

SEFAIRA ANALYSIS Justifying our design decisions through environmental analysis, showing how subtle change in flat orientation without changing footprint supports the reduction of energy usage.

INTERACTION WITH SUNLIGHT December In December, there is minimal to no light entering the building, creating a need to upgrade insulation and glazing opportunities to increase solar gains of the building.

April During April, the sun is at an angle where sunlight penetrates deep inside the building and maximum areas stay naturally lightfor more than 4 hours.

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August August is the month when the sun is at the highest azimuth, thus creating a high difference in the saturation of sunlight from the core to corner areas near the windows.

10AM

2PM

6PM

It is important to know that the angle of the building can hugely influence the amount of sunlight entering the building especially in December to maintain healthy way of living. Just by aligning the blocks in east and west direction, maximum amount of daylight enters the building for longest period of time. The highlighted section from the iteration shows us clearly dramatic effect the is created by just aligning the apartment according to the sun (5). These are multiple iterations with 3 Bedroom and 4 Bedroom apartment with 1500mm corridor and overhanging porches (1) (2) and change in amount of light due to windows (3) and (4).

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B5- SECTION 13

BUILDING REGULATION B Validating that design responds to regulations to ensure an inclusive and welcoming design for all users.

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For slats, access for a pumping appliance should be provided to within 45m of all points inside the flat.

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Dead-end access routes longer than 20m require turning facilities, as in Diagram below

Pump Appliance

Access route

BUILDING REGULATIONS Validating that design responds to regulations and services ensure an inclusive and welcoming design for all users.

REGULATIONS FOR SAFETY

Fire Protected Room

Emergency Exit

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Sprinklers outlet every 3m Fire protected External Stairs

Plant Room

Fire and Services Shaft

Maximum Distance of 60m with sprinklers

120min REI Fire protection

Ground Floor

First Floor

Typical Floor

PART B

PART K

PART M

PART L

2.11 All inner rooms are able to access escape routes directly, though most of the circulation space is outdoor, with some canopied indoor-outdoor spaces.

1.1 All external escape stairs comply within the given parameters of an incline pitch of max. 42 degrees. All stairs on site have a pitch of less than 38 degrees.

3.34 All lift doors exceed the required dimensions and are 1500mm wide, to allow for ease of wheelchair access.

4.7/ 4.8 - Thermal elements in the building will be r insulation which has a U-value of around 0.16 W/m2K, which meets the improved threshold to achieve better thermal insulation.

2.18 All escape routes exceed the minimum width dimensions of 750mm.

1.3 All external escape stairs comply within the given parameters of a rising between 150-170mm and a going between 250-400mm. All stairs on site have a rise of max. 180mm and a going of minimum 250mm.

3.36 - Each protected stairway leads to a final exit.

8.6 All escape stairs and lift shafts are protected by sufficient material considerations, with REI120 being met for building over 30m.

11.21 The amount of unprotected area can be doubled if building is protected by sprinklers throughout

1.35 All railings for both the stairs and outdoor raised spaces comply with the appropriate regulations, with a 1000mm height to protect users and residents from falling. This also applies to railings for stairs, with the same height.

17.8 In any building, the hose laying distance should be a maximum of 60m from the fire main outlet in a firefighting shaft.

1.39 - For child safety, Ensure that a 100mm sphere cannot pass through any openings within the guarding of the handrail.

8.6 All presence of escape routes are visible and marked clearly through the use of colour and lights for impaired users.

5.1 - Wheelchair-accessible unisex toilets are located in a place that doesn’t compromise the privacy of the users, same location across all floors.

The accessible WC provisions consist of an outward swinging door for emergencies and a generous amount of space. They are also fitted with emergency alarm systems to satisfy the M3 requirements.

4.9 - Insulation remains continuous across building to reduce thermal bridging.

6.44 - Air source heat pump has a seasonal coefficient of performance (SCOP) rating varying between 2.5-2.8, meeting the minimum COP threshold for this type of heat pump.

6.51 - Air handling unit should be made and assembled so as to be reasonably air tight.

THE FACE OF CO- HOUSING DEVELOPMENT

ELEVATION In this slide, there is an attempt to express the fluted shape of the building. It also expresses scale and interaction of people with the facade of the structure

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Scale 1:250

MATERIAL STUDY Developing technical architecture that has considered warm feel to the scale of the design to ensure overall wellbeing and sustainability

MATERIAL PALLETE

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Reclaimed Terrazo tiles for 1000mm handrailing DEGROWTH STRATEGY: Source materials first, design second

Volumetric DfMA construction using recycled Steel PPVC and made in UK DEGROWTH STRATEGY: Use recycled materials for bespoke solutions

Terrzazzo used for corridors spaces made from demolition waste DEGROWTH STRATEGY: Use recycled materials for bespoke solutions

The Wiltern by HTA Design LLP The building’s elevation and sweeping curves take cues from the Art Deco era, with strong horizontal bands of white glazed brick and alternating bands of terracotta panels and glazing. The use of glazed terracotta and copper accent ober railing and window frame of my design is inspired from this proposal.

Coppor finish cladding which compliments with the terracotta railing and terazzo flooring which is obtained from scrapyards in Northern Manchester DEGROWTH STRATEGY: Use recycled materials for bespoke solutions Material interaction used on the facade of the structure

THROUGH CO HOUSING

SECTION In this slide, there is an attempt to develop a populated section showing vegetation and interaction of people with the spaces vertically and horizontally

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Scale 1:250

ENVIRONMENTAL ANALYSIS In this slide, there is an attempt to develop a proposal that is sustainable inorder to acheive net zero target in operations of common areas

IN SYNC WITH ENVIRONMENT

South facing Photovoltaic Panels for community areas like Staircase lobby, Public Atrium, Exhibition and communal kitchen

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Roof Top Units (RTU) Mechanical Ventilation with Heat Recovery for apartments

Stale Cold Air (Brown) Fresh Warm Air (Blue)

Green Roofs assisting in Rain water collection

Double Height Naturally Spaces

Rain water collection Individual Heating systems Electric Heating Systems Well- insulated and High-quality Factory made Module walls

Passive Ventilation

Grey water recycling for toilets

Air Handling Unit (AHU) Mechanical Ventilation with Heat Recovery for common amenities

NET ZERO OPERATION CARBON

SUSTAINABLE WATER CYCLE

SUSTAINABLE ECOLOGY

GOOD HEALTH AND WELL BEING

Controlled internal environment with energy efficient mechanical systems run by rooftop solar panels

Rainwater can be utilised for drip irrigation in the atrium ensuring minimum water wastage and maximum utilisation

Give exciting close to the nature living

Prioritise onsite renewable systems appropriate to design and context

Providing rainwater and greywater recycling that can be used by air source heat pump and toilets flush.

Opting factorymade modules for construction of the apartments which promotes precision engineering, reduction in waste and top quality material use.

Detailng and material choice to be long life and robust

Underground Watertank

Community produce vegetable and fruits Designing spaces with appropriate acoustics and adjustable thermal requirements

Passive Heating Systems and Naturally Light Spaces

SUSTAINABLE COMMUNITIES & SOCIAL VALUE Activity based society and multifunctional spaces promoting interactions for different interest different people have Degrowth principles promotes sharing and cooperation Create secure, well light and green spaces whenever inside and outside home

SUSTAINABLE LIFE CYCLE COST Use of recycled steel for development of modules promoting 3R’s principle.

Use of terrazzo tiles made from demolished construction material in corridor spaces

CONSTRUCTION DETAILING final detailings and specifications are made for the design that responds to degrowth while conforming to building regulation standards

EYE FOR DETAILING

Roof to Wall Junction

Concrete Slab

Sedum Green Roof Eeotextile 65 mm Aluminium drainage through Neoprene pad 50 mm steel profile 70mm Cavity Damp proof Membrane 70mm Thermalfleece PET Recycled Insulation 80mm Thermafleece PET Recycled Insulation 10mm Cement Fibreboard sheet 120mm Insulation between Steel Hotrolled beams 20mm Double Gypsumboard

Terrazo Tiles 10mm Thinset Tiledek 65 mm Aluminium drainage through Neoprene pad 50 mm steel profile 70mm Cavity Damp proof Membrane 300mm Post tension Concrete slab 150mm Thermafleece PET Recycled Insulation 10mm Cement Fibreboard sheet Copper facade panels

Corridor Column to Slab

Glazing to Ground

300mm Castellated Columns 65 mm Aluminium drainage through Neoprene pad 50 mm steel profile 70mm Cavity Damp proof Membrane 300mm Post tension Concrete slab 150mm Thermafleece PET Recycled Insulation 10mm Cement Fibreboard sheet 10mm REI 120min Rating Timber sheets

40mm Double Glazed Glazing 20mm Reclaimed Timber flooring 150mm Thermafleece PET Recycled Insulation with crossed timber battens 300mm Concrete Slab

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PLANAR STRUCTURAL STRATEGY Designing to use Volumetric DfMA construction method for minimising carbon emmision, quick and quality construction.

PLANAR STRUCTURAL DETAILING

External wall-Parti wall Juction between two 4 Bedroom Apartment Modules

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External wall detailing

1. External Wall Detailing 20mm Double Gypsum boards

Vapour Control Barrier 120mm SHS studs to form wall panels filled with Thermaflyeec Recycled PET Insulation 10mm Cement Fibreboard 80mm Thermaflyeec Recycled PET Insulation 70mm Thermaflyeec Recycled PET Insulation 10mm Non Compustible Fireboard (MgO)

White Glazed Teracotta tiles over steel bracket 2. Parti Wall Detailing 20mm Double Gypsum Board 120mm SHS studs to form wall panels filled with Thermaflyeec Recycled PET Insulation 10mm non-compustable fibreboard (MgO) 20mm cavity between modules fully fitted with Thermaflyeec Recycled PET Insulation 10mm cement fibreboard sheathing 120mm SHS studs to form wall panels filled with Insulation 20mm Double Gypsum Board

Parti wall detailing between two 4 Bedroom apartment module

External wall Junction detailing between two apartment module

Scale 1:25

Scale 1:100

ISOMETRIC STRUCTURAL STRATEGY Designing to use Volumetric DfMA construction method for minimising carbon emmision, quick and quality construction.

EXPLODING MODULE FOR DETAILS

Floor Detailing

Modular Wall Detailing

1. Reclaimed wooden flooring 2. Recycled PET Insulation 3. Structural hollow hot rolled steel beams 4. Cement Fibre Board

1. Gypsum boards 2. Recycled PET Insulation 3. Structural hollow hot rolled steel columns 4. Cement Fibre Board (please refer furthur wall detailing)

Wall Detailing

Ceiling Detailing

5. Recycled PET Insulation 6. Waterproof membrane 7. Non combustible Fireboard 8. Glazed white terracotta cladding

1. Gypsum board ceiling 2. Mechanical ventilation, electrical, plumbing and fire sprinklers pipes 3. Hollow Hot rolled steel beams 4. Insulation 5. Cement Boards DESIGN AND STRUCTURE

3 Bedroom Typology

4 Bedroom Typology

While the two typologies are sky terrace houses with different units share common wall to each other to promote interaction between different sizes of families and people at all levels.

The design utilise the same horizontal grid as a strategy that would act as a reference for construction and making modules.

Both typologies use Volumetric Modules as its primary structure for accomodation. This structural strategy is chosen

(Above) as it is appropriate for the scale of the apartments, the modular design of the houses.

These volumetric construction allows for a simple and quick construction, offering happy homes for these elder sooner.

The fluted shaped columns hold the weight of precast corridors which is in conjunction to main frame of modular structure providing strength and stability to overall structure.

Exploded Axonometric of 4 Bedroom Apartment Module (Right) Benefits of Steel frame Volumetric Construction

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CONSTRUCTION SEQUENCE Carrying out a phased construction plan for a design that responds to degrowth, sustainable outcomes and building regulations at all scales.

STEP BY STEP BUILDUP

01. In situ reinforced concrete pile foundation is poured

04. Prefabricated Steel frame columns holding cantilevers

07. Prefabricated Steel frame columns holding coridoors

02. Concrete columns and Loadbearing walls

05. Insulated and waterproofed Concrete slab

08. Prefacricated corridors, Terrazo corridor finishes, insulation and facade finishes

03. Fire rated glazing

06. Volumetric DfMA modules of apartments

09. Landscaping, Cleaning and Finishing

Construction sequence for Ten Degrees, 100a George Street by HTA Design LLP 1. Podium slab and Core construction 3. Facade Treatment 2. Modular units 4. Active Communal spaces on ground floor

Private residential units on upper floors

Construction for Holloway Road, Islington by HTA Design LLP and Vision Modular. Due to offsite construction, it becomes easier to develop highrise towers in congested area with narrow streets

The choice to use Design for Mannufacturing and Assembly (Volumetric method) was used for construction based on their sustainability advantages, quick construction method but it was also based on the promoting new methods of construction into practice. (Refer Step 6) With the intention of lowering our carbon footprint and promoting the circular economy, as stated in our strategy, which is in line with the ANDplan, we have identified UK businesses who provide these solution methods.

Vision Modular Systems UK Ltd is a supplier of the construction modules as they have had previous experience in delivering and construction in UK. They have worked with companies like HTA Design LLP on College Road Co-living, Holloway Road, Islington, Ten Degrees, 100a George Street, etcetra.

This way we reduce the time while planning by developing a clear agenda by corporation with these companies and exection also becomes hasstlefree because of their onsite experience.

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CONSTRUCTION SCHEDULE AND RIBA POW Carrying out a phased construction plan for a design that responds to degrowth, sustainable outcomes and building regulations at all scales.

BUILDING HOMES STAGE 0: Strategic Definition

STAGE 1: Preparation and Brief

We will research and examine Crumpsal’s marginalised group in order to better comprehend their issues and requirements.

To have a better understanding of the spaces required in the unit typologies, we studied the demographics of families in Crumpsal.

Diagramming and precedent studies will help us better understand the marginalised group by taking into account their social problems and their requirements. Programmes are subsequently created, but this time with a specific client (Old people and Family with Kids) in mind for the scheme.

This will form the basis for our secondary brief.

In this phase, we start looking into the potential and limitations of the site. We will also interview real estate agents about potential clients, unit economics and demand in the region.

STAGE 2: Concept Design

STAGE 3: Spatial Cordination

Our early conceptual ideas intended to concentrate the site approach while taking into account the spatial requirements of excluded groups.

This gives us the opportunity to diagram the programme and evaluate its structural and environmental aspects.

At this stage, design layout is created while programmatic requirements’ functionality is investigated.

STAGE 4: Technical Design

STAGE 5: Manufacturing and Construction

As soon as the programme is accepted, technical drawings are created. Therefore, the design must adhere to the building codes, in particular Approved Documents B, L, and M.

The technical drawings will be provided to Vision Modular Systems Ltd for manufacturing units. The construction phase of the project will then begin, and the structural designs will be given to the chosen contractor.

STAGE 6: Hanover

STAGE 7: In Use

The building will be turned over to the community once it is finished. Inspections and final checks are conducted during this stage to find any issues or flaws so they can be fixed as soon as feasible.

The building will now be run by the community and widely utilised by the neighbourhood.

After realising the necessity for a HAIN Masterplan for their expanding community, the residents of Crumpsal have banded together to create a cooperative procurement process for this project. Similar to the model outlined by Loppukiri Helsinki (Image on Right), the organisation offers seniors a novel type of living arrangement that relies in part on neighbourhood cooperation and offers a variety of communal spaces. The first project created by the Active Seniors Association for its members is called Loppukiri.

People who couldn’t find an active and communal way of living on the Finnish housing market founded the association.

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REFLECTIONS AND BIBLOGRAPHY Thoughts on Coursework and references found throughout development

CONTEMPLATION

I’ve had some interesting reflections on feedback and studio working methods throughout this training. This was my first co-housing project, and it gave me a solid foundation in modern building techniques, including design for manufacturing and assembly, technical knowledge, and an overview of laws and regulations. It also taught me how incorporating natural elements into buildings can improve consumers’ well-being and sense of tranquilly.

Beginning with group activities, we were able to get to know one another. It is an honour for me to work with partners who are conscientious, diligent, and enthusiastic about architecture because they inspire us to do our best work.

We developed our recommendations utilising definitions of unlining elements, including sustainability through reusing, material sourcing, and design decisions that have a low impact on the building, as well as readings from Take Back Economy and RIBA sustainability outcomes.

We learned from our research for this intergenerational cohousing complex for families with children and the elderly that it is crucial to create spaces that foster social interaction and create a society that is multipurpose and activity-based so that no one feels alone. As many individuals as you can must get together to establish a vibrant society. Activity areas like kindergarden classrooms also serve as venues for the exchange of values between children and adults.

Throughout this journey, I tried to create a programme for social good and succeeded in doing so.

Matter Architecture and Baxendale (n.d.). Rethinking Intergenerational Housing. [online] www.matterarchitecture. uk. Available at: https://www.matterarchitecture.uk/intergen/ [Accessed 5 May 2023]. An Invovative UK project by Matter Architecture and Baxendale.

Abrams, L., Kearns, A., Hazley, B. and Wright, V. (2020). Glasgow. Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon ; New York, NY : Routledge, 2020. Includes bibliographical references and index.: Routledge. doi:https://doi. org/10.4324/9780429455339 [Accessed 5 May 2023].

Coleman, A. (1994). Urban design. World Health •, [online] (2). Available at: https://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/ handle/10665/326989/WH-1994-Mar-Apr-p14-15-eng.pdf [Accessed 5 May 2023].

Coleman, A. and King’s College London. Design Disadvantagement Team (1990) Utopia on trial : vision and reality in planned housing. London: Hilary Shipman.

Helsinki, L. (n.d.). English Summary about Loppukiri Helsinki. [online] Loppukiri. Available at: https://www.loppukiri.com/ english-summary/ [Accessed 5 May 2023].

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