BLUETIMES - Agriculture Special

‘World Water Day ‘18 Special’

BLUETIMES

a quarterly magazine by FORCE, New Delhi, India

Volume 4 | March 2018 Cover Story

Chemist turned Farmer

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Policy

National Mission for Sustainable Agriculture

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Technology

Drip Irrigation

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From deserts of Egypt P7

Community

Heart to heart with farmers-a discussion P10 series Rice-A thirsty crop

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Plus

No Rain Much Pain

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MILESTONE: Force launches FIWE

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Forum for Organized Resource Conservation & Enhancement (FORCE) www.force.org.in

BLUETIMES is a Water Wisdom Quarterly Magazine published by FORCE Group of Non-Profit. The views expressed are those of the Volum 4 | March 2018 | www.force.org.in authors and Editorial Desk and may not necessarily conform to those of FORCE.

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Founder Editor & President, FORCE Jyoti Sharma

Creative Editor Zeenat Farooq

Reporting Lead Aman Mathur

Printed by Ourjas

BLUETIMES

C OV E R

President’s Note Dear Friends Namaskar! Welcome to the Agriculture Special edition of BLUETIMES. In a recent TV Panel Discussion on the water situation in India, I found myself seated between two vociferous activists. One was the head of a Farmers Federation and the other an Environmental Crusader. The former blamed cities and industries for diverting water away from agriculture thus destroying rural livelihoods. The latter argued that wasteful water in agriculture was denying nature its due share of water. The argument reached its nadir when the environmentalist suggested a strong policy thrust for water efficient agriculture.

Fuming, the Farmer Federation leader said ”Does any city person have the moral right to preach environment protection to a farmer? And why is the farmer always expected to sacrifice his legitimate needs? What has society done for farmers anyway?”

Equally angry, the environmentalist retorted, “What right does a farmer have to poison the earth and all those living in it? Why should the urban poor and the non-human living beings sacrifice their right to water? What has society – including modern farmers – done for the environment anyway?”

For me, this argument was an eyeopener. I saw a sense of victimization on both sides. Worse, I saw Water conservation become a part of the victimization narrative.

It was perceived as a burden one segment took up – as a sacrifice – for the benefit of the other.

Our cover story in this edition, reverses this narrative. Dr Avtar Singh’s story of Naturalized agriculture celebrates water saving as the route to high income. The farmer need not ‘sacrifice’ water, he must ‘banish’ it from his fields if he wants to make profit. And the earth shall celebrate too as the poisons disappear from the fields.

Join us at our newly launched PJRB SPARC to create more such happy stories in farming!

Jyoti Sharma (Ashoka Fellow) President, FORCE

Volum 4 | March 2018 | www.force.org.in

STORY

Chemist turned Farmer

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hile most of us compete for a big table at a reputed corporate office in a metro city or government office, Avtar Singh, 57, a postgraduate in chemistry, used his Education to do innovative farming and emerged out to be a trendsetter in pursuing organic farming. Relying on the age of philosophy of survival of the fittest, Avtar Singh has been quoted saying “Solution to the farming crisis lies in the concept of ‘forest biodiversity’ that can also be coined as diversification. We must adopt such a mechanism for farming that suited regional flora and fauna.” Pursuing the multi-crop pattern in a single hectare, he has been growing maize, sugarcane, pulses, eggplant and vegetables .He doesn’t use fertilizers, and doesn’t spoil the land with overirrigation. It is not only the judicious management of water that has helped him achieve the excellent results, but he also ensures his crops gets adequate sunlight and air. Avtar Singh prepares the beds as such to sufficiently maintain the distance and provide plants enough exposure to sunlight. His sugarcane fields are blooming with pride on Phagwara NH1 highway. He is using precision farming without the excess water, lack of air or blocking of sunlight.

Avtar Singh’s Water-Efficient Avatar of Sugarcane: He planted sugarcane with a new technique known

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STORY

as single bud technique. He started planting sugarcane using single buds on beds. The bed is kept 32inch wide with 16inch furrow and is made is east west direction.

The Sugarcane buds are planted on Southern slope keeping bud towards outer side. This helps in better germination because of higher temperature on Southern side. The distance between two buds is kept 2 feet. The bed top is used for growing inter crops. The irrigation is applied in furrows which results in considerable saving of water as well. The autumn sugarcane is intercropped with wheat, gram, garlic, lentil, mentha and Kharif onion for additional returns. In spring cane, summer moong, summer mash and onions are intercropped. He is getting 500-600 quintals per acre of sugarcane yield which is higher than what he was getting with traditional technique. The man is truly developing avatars of multiple crops which require less water than what we normally use to give them. Such communitybased water saving models can help present policy thinkers in decision-making and replicating it in another places. When we met him at Hoshiarpur, it was hard to believe first when he was modestly boasting about his sugarcane fields. Unless he himself drove us to his fields, and we all stood with our mouths open in surprise.

That is when it occurred to us that this needs to be replicated and further researched upon to use it on a large scale. That too when country is water stressed, this water efficient agricultural practice is need of an hour.

Launch Of PJRB-SPARC

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ith a simple Foundation Stone laying ceremony, construction started for the PANDIT JAGAT RAM BHARGAVA – SCHOOL OF PROFITABLE AGRICULTURE AND RESOURCE CONSERVATION (PJRB-SPARC) on September 30, 2017 at Ghughial village in Punjab. The Center is named after Pandit Jagat Ram, an illustrious son of Kolara village in Hoshiarpur District, who believed that education and responsible living held the key to prosperity.

The Foundation stone was laid by Sh. Banarsi Lal Bhargava, son of Pandit Jagat Ram. The Center is a brainchild of Sh Hem Raj Bhargava, trustee of the Pandit Jagat Ram Memorial FORCE Trust and youngest son of Pandit Jagat Ram. He was also present as an honored guest on the occasion. The ceremony was attended by agricultural experts from Punjab and Haryana, leaders of the community from Ghughial and nearby villages and members and well wishers of the family.

Speaking on the occasion, Smt Jyoti Sharma, Chairperson, FORCE Institute of Water Efficiency and grand-daughter of Pandit Jagat Ram ji said, “Through the High Income, Water Efficient Agriculture education and support we give at PJRB-SPARC we want to restore profitability, dignity and environmental sustainability to agriculture. We intend to make agriculture fashionable. This is the need of the country today”

BLUETIMES

a quarterly magazine by FORCE

C OV E R

STORY

The Ceremony also included a ‘Kalash Ceremony’ in which women members of the Pandit Jagat Ram family offered prayers and ‘Jal Stuti’ to the water source for the institute.

They sought the blessings of Water for humanity and promised to spread the message of its value as a celestial gift.

The ceremony was followed by a sumptuous lunch. All vegetables used for the lunch were sourced from Organic and Water Efficient farms.

The PJRB-SPARC is a part of the FORCE Institute of Water Efficiency – the only institute in India that is dedicated to education, innovation, training and consulting for Water Efficient solutions for industry, agriculture, energy and domestic use.

PJRB-SPARC will work towards removing the root cause of farmer distress by making farming lucrative and environmentally sustainable.

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It shall aim for excellence in agriculture through a bouquet of progressive, innovative courses, training programs, consultancies and projects that are aligned with today’s environmental and market realities.

It will lay special emphasis on supporting innovative entrepreneurial ideas by youth.

Through a modern, internationally linked pedagogy and outreach programs, the institute will aim to help the government in its efforts to double farm income and increase water efficiency by 20% by 2020.

Sh BL Bhargava, son of Pandit Jagat Ram and Chief Guest at the program said, “My father believed in the power of education and balanced living. I am happy that PJRB-SPARC will harness these to create abundance of water, food and prosperity for all.”

Volum 4 | March 2018 | www.force.org.in

Shri Har Prem Chand Vashisht, Member District Grievance Redressal Committee, Hoshiarpur and grandson of Pandit Jagat Ram said,” I am confident that this

institute will prove to be a milestone in the Self Employment generation for rural youth and income enhancement of the farmer”.

T E C H NOLO G Y

Drip Irrigation

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here are different methods of irrigation which evolved from time to time through trial and error method. Each method finds its suitability according to the type of crop and local favorable conditions. The method of irrigation followed in the country is flood irrigation, which results in a lot of water loss. Producing water intensive crops, such as sugarcane and rice in water scarce areas and exporting of water intensive crops such as rice and cotton further makes India Water stress.

Adoptions of water saving technologies such as sprinkler and drip irrigation systems have proven extremely effective in not just water conservation but also leading to higher yields. Drip irrigation is sometimes called trickle irrigation and involves dripping water onto the soil at very low rates (2-20 liters/hour) from a system of small diameter plastic pipes fitted with outlets called emitters or drippers. Water is applied close to plants so that only part of the soil in which the roots grow is made wet, unlike surface and sprinkler irrigation, which involves wetting the whole soil profile. With drip irrigation water, applications are

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more frequent (usually every 1-3 days) than with other methods and this provides a very favorable high moisture level in the soil in which plants can flourish.

Pros

Cons

Most suitable for row crops (vegetables, soft fruit), tree and vine crops

High capital costs

adaptable to any farmable slope

Blockage may also occur if the water contains algae, fertilizer deposits or sediments

Doesn’t require labor Suitable for most soils

Unlike surface and sprinkler irrigation, drip irrigation only wets part of the soil root zone. This may be as, low as 30% of the volume of soil wetted by the other methods. The wetting patterns which develop from dripping water onto the soil depend on discharge and soil type, thus keeping keeps a much more efficient soil-moisture level. It is also much more adaptable to the use of automated watering system.

New agronomic practices like raised bed planting, ridge-furrow method of sowing, sub-surface irrigation, and precision farming also offer a vast scope for economizing water use. Increasing income through crop diversification is also proven method to grow more using less water. Increase awareness by training farmers the water conservation techniques of agriculture and replicating the successful models on large scale must be taken very seriously.

BLUETIMES

a quarterly magazine by FORCE

T E C H NOLO G Y

From deserts of Egypt

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n Egyptian researcher has designed a new innovative machine that saves water for irrigation and fertilizers used in rice cultivation. Rice paddies across the world use 34−43 per cent of available water for irrigation. But the growing demand of water for agriculture, increasing population and climatic changes are responsible for rapid shrinking of developed fresh water resources around the globe.

The Machine of Soil and Water Management for Rice Crop Cultivation (SWMR) is devised by Mohamed El-Sayyed ElHagarey at the Desert Research Center in Cairo. The machine ploughs the field in a manner that saves about 50 per cent of water used for rice irrigation and cut the fertilizer usage up to 25 per cent.

The Zig-Zag paddy field El-Hagarey designed a simple SWMR machine. Towed by a cart, the machine makes “V” shaped lines 20 cm deep and equally wide. It also sows rice seedlings automatically by a tray on top.

The basic cylinder is heart of the machine with many circular projections around. The projections carved cross section of trenches in the soil. The V-shaped tranches use less water as compared to normal ground level. In traditional rice cultivation the in paddy field often submerge in water completely. The machine was tested at Kafr el-Sheikh area, which is a famous for rice cultivation in Egypt. The initial test showed very promising results.

“I observed great results by saving about 50 per cent of irrigation water and 25 per cent of nutrients,” El-Hagarey said.

To learn more about this innovative machine please read the Article:

Save Irrigation Water using the Innovative Machine of Soil and Water Management for Rice Crop Cultivation (SWMR) Mohamed E. El-Hagarey Irrigation and Drainage Unit, Desert Research Center, Cairo, Egypt. elhagarey@gmail.com, Cell Phone: 00201063031920

Volum 4 | March 2018 | www.force.org.in

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P OL IC Y

National Mission for Sustainable Agriculture (NMSA)

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ustaining agricultural productivity depends on quality and availability of natural resources like soil and water. Indian agriculture remains predominantly rainfed covering about 60% of the country’s net sown area and accounts for 40% of the total food production. Thus, conservation of natural resources and development of rainfed agriculture holds the key to meet burgeoning demands for food grain in the country. Towards this end, National Mission for Sustainable Agriculture (NMSA) has been formulated for enhancing agricultural productivity especially in rainfed areas focusing on integrated farming, water use efficiency, soil health management and synergizing resource conservation.

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NMSA will cater to key dimensions of ‘Water use efficiency’, ‘Nutrient Management’ and ‘Livelihood diversification’ through adoption of sustainable development pathway by progressively shifting to environmental friendly technologies, adoption of energy efficient equipment, conservation of natural resources, integrated farming, etc. Besides, NMSA aims at promoting location specific improved agronomic practices through soil health management, enhanced water use efficiency, judicious use of chemicals, crop diversification, progressive adoption of crop-livestock farming systems and integrated approaches like crop-sericulture, agro-forestry, fish farming, etc.

Mission Objectives To make agriculture more productive, sustainable, remunerative and climate resilient by promoting location specific Integrated/ Composite Farming Systems;

To conserve natural resources through appropriate soil and moisture conservation measures; To adopt comprehensive soil health management practices based on soil fertility maps, soil-test based application of macro & micro nutrients, judicious use of fertilizers etc.; To optimize utilization of water resources through efficient water management to expand coverage for achieving ‘more crop per drop’; To develop capacity of farmers & stakeholders, in conjunction with other on-going Missions eg. National Mission on Agriculture Extension & Technology, National Food Security Mission, National Initiative for Climate Resilient Agriculture (NICRA) etc., in the domain of climate change adaptation and mitigation measures; To pilot models in select blocks for improving productivity of rainfed farming by mainstreaming rainfed technologies refined through NICRA and by leveraging resources from other schemes/Missions like Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Scheme (MGNREGS), Integrated Watershed Management Program (IWMP), RKVY etc.; To establish an effective inter and intra Departmental/ Ministerial co-ordination for accomplishing key deliverables of National Mission for Sustainable Agriculture under the aegis of NAPCC.

1. Promote integrated farming

Multi-pronged

Strategy

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Popularize resource conservation both on-farm and off-farm

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Enhance water use efficiency

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Encourage improved agronomic practices

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Create database on soil resources

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Promote location and crop specific integrated nutrient management practices

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Involve knowledge institutions and professionals

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Programmatic interventions as pilots

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Engage reputed NGOs

10. Liaison, review and coordinate implementation

BLUETIMES

a quarterly magazine by FORCE

P OL IC Y

No Rain Much Pain

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VICIOUS CYCLE OF DEBT A poor farmer takes a huge loan to make a water source....but that makes his land hungry for more fertilizer & pesticide .... so he takes another loan....but profits are low....and so he takes more debt....the cycle goes on....

he increasing number, frequency and spread of farmers’ suicides point to steadily increasing farmer distress. And if we do not make some drastic changes in policy and farming practices, the distress will only get worse….

Global warming has led to alternate dry and wet spells over the past three decades. The frequency of occurrence of drought years has significantly increased in India. Since Indian agriculture is heavily dependent upon rain, more droughts mean less income for the farmer and less food for the population.

And since the main source of income for 65% of the population is agriculture, a drought can badly hurt the entire economy!

According to meteorologists the frequency of droughts is set to increase between 2020 and 2049. Indian agriculture is crucially dependent on the local climate: favorable southwest summer monsoon is critical in securing water for irrigating crops. A poor monsoon results in water shortages and so resulting in below-average crop yields. With a burgeoning population, it can mean starvation for millions – including the farmers themselves! Drought-prone regions such as Southern and Eastern Maharashtra (Western India), Northern Karnataka (South-Western India), Andhra Pradesh (Southeastern coast of India), Odisha (Eastern coast of India), Telangana (Southeastern coast of India) and Rajasthan (Western India) are particularly vulnerable.

Not only do droughts mean lower income for farmers, but also higher costs of farming. They spend more on digging deeper borewells, buying more fertilizers. When agricultural production is reduced, so does the income of a farmer. And that is what leads him into the debt trap. If this debt trap is forcing so many farmers to commit suicide, it is frightening to think how many more will do so as climate change causes more droughts!

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Committed to inform and inspire farmers to adopt innovative and climate appropriate practices, so that they never fall into the debt trap.

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Volum 4 | March 2018 | www.force.org.in

PE OPL E

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griculture sustains human life. And, so, it is in our interest to ensure that we create conditions that allow agriculture to continue giving the yields we need to survive. The term ‘Sustainable Agriculture’ has been coined to encompass those practices that enable agriculture to continue serving humanity without harming the environment and other conditions necessary for the survival of life on earth.

Sustainable agriculture can help address the three crises in Indian agriculture today – the crisis of farmer income, crisis of environment and crisis of nutrition.

Because of the ever increasing quantities of artificial fertilizers and pesticides that a farmer needs to use and a silmultaneous drop in the yield of crops, farming is becoming a loss making activity. At the same time, the produce is low in nutrition value because of its high chemical contaminants. The overextraction of water and the overuse of chemicals and other harmful practices such as burning of stubble, have made agriculture a leading cause of environmental pollution.

In this context, sustainable agriculture practices offer a way out of all these three crises. By reducing the use of chemicals and by judicious use of water and other natural resources, it not only reduces the environmental burden but also the economic burden on farmer while adding to the nutrition value of food. Sustainable agriculture holds the key to farmer empowerment.

The NMSA’s multidisciplinary focus, its use of both tradition and new scientific methods is a welcome change from the unidirectional view taken by most government missions. It needs to be cognizant though, of the inertia amongst agriculturists – shifting production practices may take time. Also ensuring sustainable irrigation, maintaining healthy groundwater and water quality levels are challenges that will need to be addressed fast.

Identifying and replicating best practices is the need of the hour. A special emphasis should be placed on creating interest and developing capacities of youth for sustainable agriculture.

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FORCE views on National Mission for Sustainable Agriculture

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TE T PJRB SPARC (Pandit Jagat Ram Bhargava School O F WA for Profitable Agriculture and Resource Conservation) is an institution set up by the FORCE group of non-profits to train and empower rural youth in High income, Water Efficient, Appropriate technology Agriculture techniques, their marketing, resource leveraging and supply chain management.

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Heart to heart with farmers:

A Discussion Series Being an organisation which works at grassroots level,FORCE always tries to identify the root cause of the problem first.To dig into the curse of Farmer Debt, Secretary, FORCE Group – Mr. HR Bhargave went to Ghughial village in Hoshiarpur (Punjab) to have a discussion with farmers. One of his heart wrenching conversations was with Shri Vijay. Vijay was a victim of farm debt – he had to sell all his land to pay the debt and now is doing odd jobs to earn a living.

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Shri HR Bhargav ji: You were a farmer? Not a farmer now! Why? What went wrong?

Shri Vijay: I got into debt Shri HR Bhargav ji: Did you return it?

Shri Vijay: Yes by selling my land. Now I have nothing left.

Shri HR Bhargav ji: Was the production low or the land holding too small?

Shri Vijay: It was both Shri HR Bhargav ji: Has it become expensive to get a good yield from farms?

Shri Vijay: Yes it has. Difficult to earn enough to live.

Shri HR Bhargav ji: What makes it expensive?

Shri Vijay: Everything has become really expensive and unaffordable. Fertilizers, pesticides, diesel (to run the borewell) and labor

BLUETIMES

a quarterly magazine by FORCE

PE OPL E

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RICE A thirsty crop Planting rice is never fun, Bending over ’til the set of sun.

Cannot sit, cannot stand, Plant the seedlings all by hand. his Philippine poem shows the hard work which is put by farmers in cultivating rice and feeding us. Rice is staple diet of India. India stands in second position after china in production of rice. Rice is grown in both the seasons Rabi and Kharif season. Almost 3,000-5,000 liters of water is used to produce 1 kg of rice

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ice a semi - aquatic plant that requires near submergence in the early stages of its growth. Submergence drives our air from the pores in the soil thus creating anaerobic conditions. This helps in - suppressing weed growth and increasing availability of certain nutrients. Especially of N, P, Si and Mo. Unlike other crop plants, rice can adapt to submergence by internal aeration and growth control. Rice is normally cultivated by flood-irrigation method. The field is flooded with the water, so that air supply is cut off and anaerobic decomposition sets up in the soil and the required nutrients are made and supplied to plant by roots.

However, in the current scenario, where we are living in water stressed conditions, flood irrigation of rice plant has become a controversial issue. If rice could be grown without excess water, then it would not be held responsible for causing water stress.

Volum 4 | March 2018 | www.force.org.in

Dr Avtar Singh (Cover Story) has tried an innovation method to do so. He has tried to create the anaerobic conditions that rice needs, by compacting soil before planting the rice seed so that it expels the air trapped in the pores. Thus, without the need for water to submerge the field, the rice seedling gets the required nutrients.

This seems a promising method in the country where water is growing scarce day by day. One of the objectives of PJRB SPARC shall be to research such methods further and document their methodology so that they can be replicated at large scale. There are many challenges to be overcome. By bringing together researchers ,policy makers and corporates, PJRB SPARC hopes to help create a shift towards water efficient agricultural practices.

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ver 9000 farmers committed suicide last year- most because they felt crushed under the burden of their debt.

The root cause – lack of water and information, access or the ability to adopt water efficient, resource efficient, high income generating methods of farming. PJRB-SPARC was born to fill this critical gap.

We aim to catalyze a shift towards water efficient, environmentally sustainable agriculture that is profitable for farmers and yields nutritious, safe produce that the citizens need. Our strategy is to create the impetus that makes stakeholders ask for water efficient farming. With this in mind, we offer: 1. Education, Training – Targeted at youth, farmers and agriculture professionals, the aim is to create informed, motivated human resources for spearheading action. We share different farming methods, relevant skill sets for water and resource conserving, yet profitable agriculture. The offerings include diploma courses, certificate courses and short-term trainings. The topics are designed to help trainees avail of the opportunities in the current markets. The teaching style is modern and result oriented.

2. Behavior Change Communication and Field Projects – Here the aim is to reach out directly to rural populations directly engaged in agriculture. Through outreach activities,

demonstration projects and direct action projects, the aim is to create a critical mass of good practices so that farmers discover for themselves the benefits of resource conserving agriculture.

3. Research and Policy Think Tanks – Government policy is the biggest influence on agriculture. We will conduct research, consultations, conferences and expert think tanks to convince government to support the water efficient, high yield methods we shall propagate. Also, to advocate for a ‘Water Efficient Label’ so that the water footprint of a product becomes an input in consumer choice.

4. Innovation and Entrepreneurship Support –Through Living Learning Laboratory programs and Incubation, we offer support to innovators and entrepreneurs to come up with out of the box ideas that can bring about transformative change.

We have partnered with our sister entity– FORCE Institute of Social Innovation (FISI) for this service.

5. Certification and Advisory Services – We offer ‘BforWater‘ certification for farm output and agro-products created through low water footprint processes. This is also an assurance of low chemical fertilizer and pesticide use (since pests and weeds are less in a water scarce environment). We also train ‘BforWater’ surveyors and guides who certify and advise farmers on their water footprint.

BLUETIMES

a quarterly magazine by FORCE

PJRB-SPARC

Pandit Jagat Ram Bhargava

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Registration Deadline for the session starting August 2018: 15 MAY 2018 Download Application Form from http://fiwe.org.in/apply/submit-your-application/ Pandit Jagat Ram Bhargava School of Profitable Agriculture & Resource Conservation (PJRB SPARC) is a part of the FORCE Institute of Water Efficiency (FIWE) – an institution started by the Pandit Jagat Ram Memorial FORCE Trust For more details visit our website at www.fiwe.org.in Contact Program Director:

Ph: 8745-017-933| 8745-017-926, Email: contact@fiwe.org.in

*The diploma and certificates are privately awarded by PJRM FORCE Trust – a member of the National Urban Water Award winning FORCE Group of Non-Profits

Volum 4 | March 2018 | www.force.org.in

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रो रहा है �कसान �कसान है तो �वकास है �फर भी हमारा �कसान क्य� उदास ह� दे श का वह है अन्नदाता �फर वह क्य� भूखे पेट है सोता ?

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