Tan Yi Jynn (0353247) - E-Portfolio Building Science

Programme

Bachelor in Interior Architecture Module

BLD62304 Building Science & Services Name : Tan Yi Jynn (0353247) Semester : Mar to July 2022 Assignment 01 – Lighting and VAC Design for Comfort

BLD62304 Building Science & Services

Table of Contents 1.0 From Old to New 1.1 Site Analysis 1.1.1 An Introduction to Room Layout

3-5

1.1.2 Dissatisfactory Issues

6-8

1.2 Reintroducing Comfort 1.2.1 An Introduction to New Room Layout

9-11

1.2.2 Highlighted Changes for Human Comfort

12-16

1.3 Energy Consumptions 1.3.1 Specifications

16-25

1.3.2 Energy Calculations

26-29

1.3.3 Conclusion

30

2.0 Re-Sources 2.1 Bill of Quantities

31

2.2 Pictorial/Graphical References in BQ

32

2.3 Old Bedroom Layout Plan

33

2.4 New Bedroom Layout Plan

34

2.5 Perspective Views

35

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1.0 From Old to New 1.1 Site Analysis 1.1.1 An Introduction to Room Layout

This is the room (refer to Figure 1.1) the client temporarily rented for university accommodation.

It is located on the 3rd floor and there are 4 rooms in this apartment. The owner rents the room for students for living and study. Thus, the room is simply furnished with a study table, bed, wardrobe, and curtains.

According to the requirements of my client, she prefers a larger space for her programs so she rents this twin-shared room for her purpose. However, the room is designed for 2 target users with 2 study tables, 2 beds, and 2 wardrobes. All the furniture is for single persons and standard size hence there is lack of storage area.

The interior is mainly used as the sleeping area, study, and working area. The room is facing in the Northwest direction. ( as shown in Figure 1.1). Hence, there are no strong sun rays will flow through the Northwest-facing windows. Based on the layout plan, there is two double casement window that provides sufficient daylight during the daytime, which is approximately 2000-3000 lux (as shown in Figure 1.3). A pair of curtains that had been installed only can slightly block 15% of sunlight.

Figure 1.1 : Selected room

Figure 1.2 : Points of the compass

Figure 1.3 : The Lux Meter app measured the lux in the room with Northwest-facing windows

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As we dive into the reflected ceiling plan there are only a light fixture and a ceiling fan. The whole room is mainly illuminated by a fluorescent tube light (Cool Daylight) (As shown in Figure 14 & Figure 1.5) which is located above the bed. The fluorescent tube near the ceiling fan causes the shadow of the ceiling fan when switched on at night.

There is an idle switch of air-conditioner because the room didn’t install air-conditioner.

Ventilation of the room depends on the natural weather and the artificial ventilation system of a ceiling fan.

Lastly, the three-blade ceiling fan is still functioning well despite serving the owner for more than 20 years (As shown in Figure 1.4) The speed of the fan is rotating well which provides good airflow but it is not aesthetically pleasing as it is just powder coated with white finishes and now is rusted already.

Figure 1.4 : ceiling fan which is installed above the bed and located beside the fluorescent tube

Figure 1.5 : 1200mn long fluorescent tube lige which is installed above the bed

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Figure 1.6 : The fluorescent tube light illuminates the fluorescent oom in a cool daylight illumination

Figure 1.7 : 1 Gang 13 AMP Power point & unused telephone points located in front of the study table

Figure 1.8: The ceiling fan wall regulator controller along with the switches of fluorescent tube, ceiling fan and unused air-conditioner switch.

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1.1.2 Dissatisfactory Issues The human comfort of the room is the primary consideration as the client spends most of the time in this space. However, as earlier mentioned, the condition of the room does not meet my requirements. There are a few issues to address in terms of aesthetics, comfort, and convenience in order to meet the space's criteria and the needs of the client.

First and foremost, the ventilation system of the room is the most concerning issue for the client, the ventilation condition of the room will affect the comfortability of staying in the room. The client mostly will spend her time completing her work in the room, the poor ventilation condition of the room lowers the experience of staying in the room and the productivity of work of the client. The client always keeps the window open to allow the ventilation condition to become better but the effectiveness of this action is quite low because the natural ventilation depends on the weather. In addition, the fan was installed above the bed far away from the study table. It is insufficient to provide ventilation throughout the space in the room, especially in the afternoon. Hence, to enhance the living experience ventilation system of the room is the first barrier that we should overcome.

Figure 1.9 Location of the fan is far way from the working table

Secondly, the cooling system of the room depends on the ceiling fan is not efficient. This is because the location of the room is located on the 3rd floor of the apartment. The natural ventilation will block by the higher level of an apartment nearby. The highest temperature of the room will be achieved at approximately 28 to 30 degrees Celsius in the afternoon eventually it will lower my concentration and productivity. The ventilation condition of the room is poor due to no air conditioner in the client’s room. Poor ventilation will result in an eventual build up of carbon dioxide and little oxygen, which means you could suffer from shortness of breath, headaches and fatigue. Hence, the client could not work in a pleasant environment especially in the afternoon, eventually the productivity of client and quality of work will be affected.

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Thirdly, the lighting system for the working area is insufficient. There is a shaded area in the study area which caused will cause the eye strain after doing her work for a long time. Most of the work of the client is surrounded by drawing, measuring, and designing, thus a good lighting system is crucial for the client to carry out her whole day's work. The current lighting system is located behind the table which provides limited light to the working area, although there are windows in front of the working area but the sunlight only can provide light during daytime and depends on the weather of the day too.

Figure 2.0: Shaded area in the room

Figure 2.1: The Lux Meter app measured the lux in the shaded area

Fourth, the lighting system for the sleeping area is inappropriate or too bright for me due to the application of the fluorescent tube light. When I want to take a rest after working on my bed, the glaring light from the light tube will cause symptoms of photophobia (or light sensitivity) such as headaches/migraine attacks, eye strain, and feelings of anxiety. Although, the fluorescent tube light illuminates the whole room the concentration of light in my sleeping area lowers the quality of my resting.

Fifth, the limited power points and distance of the power points are far away from the client’s bed which caused inconvenience and lowers the living experience of the client. A lot of electronic gadgets will be used when the client is doing her work, such as a tracing board, computer, tablet, and handphone. However, the position of the four power points is separated and the distance between the power points is too far away which is not userfriendly. In addition, there are no power points close to the rest area, so the client is unable to charge her phone or place a sleeping lamp beside her bed. Currently, the client is forced to purchase an extension plug for contemporary charging for her handphone, laptop, and so on.

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Figure 2.2 : The application of extension due to the distance between points to bed is too far

Sixth, the layout of the room is designed for two persons which is not suitable for me because there are two sets of all essential furniture such as table, bed, and cabinet. Hence, the layout of the room is quite narrow for me, it can be renovated to suit my requirements. There is limited space for two sets of single furniture hence it is an opportunity to utilize the space with a more appropriate design.

Figure 2.3: The fluorescent light tube is exactly located at the top of the bed

Figure 2.4 : The Lux Meter app measured the lux in the resting area

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1.2 Reintroducing Comfort 1.2.1 An Introduction to RCP Layout

Figure 2.5 light effect during daylight vs night

The new room layout is mainly introducing the new changes/repositions in light fixtures, HVAC, and a ceiling fan. Most of the furniture positions' basic activities are fixed as the clients are determined to remain in their bed and wardrobe positions. Hence the main priority is to achieve human comfort more than the aesthetical aspects.

The relocation of the door is to maximize the walkway and fully utilize the space of the room.

Upon entering the room, we will have a full-height wardrobe. It is used for storage purposes (As shown in Figure 2.1). There are also wall switches beside the wardrobe such as a 2 gang 1-way switch to control the lighting system and the ceiling fan wall regulator controller. The wall-mounted air conditioner is placed above the door based on the human comfort consideration.

Apart from that, the updates conducted for the ventilation system are the new ceiling fan and the latest model air conditioner installed to replace the original ventilation system. The position of the fan is adjusted to the middle of the room to optimize the cold air circulation.

The addition of the air conditioner is to enhance the comfortability of the client.

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Figure 2.6 the new added dressing table and cabinet

All of the light fixtures are replaced and more lights were added for better light distribution throughout the room, especially at night (As shown in Figure 2.4). For example, the light track focuses the light on the shaded region and the dressing area which extended from the table to enhance the user experience the stay in the room for a long time, and the application of a recessed LED downlight is to replace the fluorescent tube to overcome symptoms of photophobia (or light sensitivity) such as the headaches/migraine attacks, eye strain, and inflammation, difficulty reading or focusing, nausea and feelings of anxiety.

Figure 2.7 overview of the addition power points Figure 2.8 power points in study area

Figure 2.9 power points in side table area

There are some modifications done in the study area such as the addition of a power point and spotlight switch and the removal of the unused telephone point. The added power points and switch met my basic requirements such as gadget charging and light control. Hence, I 10 | P a g e

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could hide the extension wire to make my room tidier and easier the process switch on/off the spotlight in the study area. The addition of power points at the side table beside my bed is for charging gadgets purposes and there is an added side table light switch to control the wall light. Thus, when I want to rest at night I could switch on/off the wall light easier, it is crucial because I am really afraid of the dark.

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1.2.2 Highlighted Changes for Human Comfort 1. Light fixtures As human comfortability is the primary consideration, the fluorescent tube light (Cool Daylight) is removed although it illuminates the whole room the light does not distribute evenly. As the replacement of the fluorescent tube light, two Philips LED Round Recessed Downlight was installed to achieve a better comfortability and overcome the symptoms of photophobia caused by inappropriate application of light fixtures such as the headache, eye strain, and feelings of anxiety. Hence, the user experience of staying in the room will increase.

In terms of energy efficiency, the newly installed downlights are more energy-efficient and have lower power consumption than the fluorescent tube light. According to the energy calculation, the net savings after replacing the fluorescent tube light with the downlights is RM0.90 The higher the energy efficiency and lower power consumption the cheaper the bill costing generated. Therefore, the downlights are chosen to enhance human comfortability and lower the bill cost of my room.

Moreover, the light track and three spotlights (30W) were installed at the top of the study area which illuminate the shaded area and allow me to complete my work without causing eye strain especially at night. Hence, my productivity and concentration will be increased due to a comfortable environment generated by sufficient lighting. There will be a small increment in electric bill cost of around RM0.78 because the spotlight will only be switched on at my night working time around (8 pm -12 am).

Apart from that, the EVENZO LED wall light (warm white) was added to the dressing area to illuminate the dressing area and also acts as a night lamp. The addition of the wall light (12W) slightly increases the bill cost by RM0.01An indirect benefit of the night light is a feeling of safety which highly increase the human comfortability of the room for me.

Furthermore, my bedroom has installed a few motion sensor light sticks in the cabinet.

Yeelight Motion Sensor Light Stick is specially used during night hours. The motion sensor light sticks could let me get the item that I want in the cabinet easily without switching on the downlights of the room. The location of the cabinet is far away from the wall light which is located in the dressing area, thus it is necessary to install a light source in the cabinet in order to easier for users to get the item they want. The addition of the wall light (12W) slightly increases the bill cost by RM0.01.

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Figure 3.0: indicator show the pathway of light during daylight vs night

2. VAC Equipment The replacement of ceiling fan is due to the original ceiling fan is squeaky and higher power consumption, hence the Panasonic BAYU 56" 5-Blade Ceiling Fan is selected as the replacement. First and foremost, it is operated with 14 Pole Condenser motor which is well known for its low power consumption (21W), high fan speed (183RPM) and lightweight (7.6Kg) as well as its quiet sound (54db noise level). Based on the energy calculations the net savings after switching is RM0.34 (Refer to Page 33 for Energy Calculations, as the new ceiling fan is rated with 5 stars for its energy savings due to its 14 Pole Condenser motor (As shown in Figure 222) The power consumption of new ceiling fan (21W) is also lesser than the previous AC Motor Ceiling Fan (85W).

In order to purse a better human comfortability, ceiling fan is expected to have more functions and value added features. However, it is also crucial to consider the safety and reliability features of the fan when we select a ceiling fan. The new ceiling fan is also equipped with more safety features such as safety wire, cut-off safety switch, safety blade hook, and safety fuse. The cut-off safety switch is useful when there is excessive wobbling, the safety cut-off switch will be triggered and power supply will be cut off. The cut off switch works by detaching the lever from the switch and the fan will stop, thus It could prevent the body falling off. The safety blade hook is useful when there is a broken blade, the broken blade will be visibly hanging with the aid of safety blade hook when the fan is functioning as an indication.

The safety fuse is equipped to prevent motor from overheating.

Most importantly instead of using a wall regulator switch it has a remote control (As shown in Figure xx). The remote controller is equipped with a few features to provide convenience to the user. For example, sleep mode button 1 ,3, 6 hour sleep timer function to gradually reduce fan speed according to the time setting , speed button from slow speed to cooling

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environment in three easy speeds selection, and off timer button which allow user to pre-set fan to shut off after selected time range, regardless of selected speed.

Figure 3.1: circulations of airflow

Apart from that, I have opted Daikin R32 inverter wall mounted air conditioner (SMARTO FTKH Series FTKH28BV1MF) because it equipped with combination of 3 powerful air purification system such as Gin-Ion Blue Filter to attract virus and bacteria onto its surface then decompose and prevent fungal growth on its surface, PM2.5 Filter to removes of fine particulate matters sized 2.5 micrometres and, Streamer Discharge Unit to discharge the high speed electrons to enable the decomposition and removal allergens such as mould, mites, pollen and hazardous chemical. Air purification is crucial for me because I have allergic rhinitis which make me sensitive to the air conditions.

SMARTO air conditioner uses an intelligent thermal sensor to detect the presence of human temperature in the room for a more comfortable cooling airflow and higher power savings.

The grid eye sensor measures the surface temperature of a room by dividing it into a grid with 64 different square. The selection of the air conditioner is depends on the provided functions and benefits of the air conditioner.

Features and benefits of Daikin SMARTO air conditioner: 1. Smart Breeze which allows the air flow to be orchestrated at different strength and speed, leading to the formation of varying combination of cordial breeze. Thus, the cool air can flow through the room and generate a comfortable environment for me to work or rest.

2. Smart Drift generates an air throw effect towards the far end of the room where immaculate distribution of air is created. The cooling comfort is spread evenly throughout the space. Hence, it would not happen the issue such as the cool air is throwed toward legs or head of the user only.

3. 3D airflow structure gives excellent air modulation to your room. It generates a rectangular motion of air throughout the room. With improved air draft coverage for 14 | P a g e

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4.

5.

6.

7.

even faster and efficient cooling reach. Therefore, I may cool down my room temperature within a short time.

Smart Powerful⁺ produces direct spot cooling within the room for maximum comfort.

The louver automatically manoeuvre via thermal sensor to direct instant cooling from the central spot to one individual and full swing when there are more people. Thus, the cooling effect of the air conditioner become more intelligent and achieve energy efficient.

Smart Sleep⁺ is activated to initiate automated temperature adjustments to complement changes in body temperature during sleep. Synergised with the LED dimmer features, Smart Sleep⁺ ensures a pleasant rest throughout the night. Hence, I am able to have a better sleeping experience and quality which will help me to generate more energy and productivity on the next day.

Smart EcoMax. An intelligent energy saving feature. Allows adaptive power utilisation, based on human presence. Indicated by a unique LED light, energy consumption level is intuitively switched between colours. Thus, the power consumption of the air conditioner will be lowered and generate a cooling environment for me without a great rising on my electric bill cost.

Mobile App as Controller. The mobile app controller is provided to allows user to control the air conditioner with a click. Therefore, I can control my air conditioner directly with my phone and it allows me to check whether my air conditioner is on in case I forget.

Figure 3.2 Features air conditioner

1.3 Energy Consumptions 1.3.1 Specifications 1) Light Fixtures (a) LED Downlight

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Figure 3.3 Downlights

PHILIPS DN027B LED9/11W D150 LED Round Recessed Downlight 4000K cool light Essential SmartBright G2 LED Downlight is value for money product with high efficacy, good quality and reliability. It offers multiple configurations from 300lm to 2000lm output, to replace conventional downlight. It can be used for shopping mall, retail store, residential and office. It’s an ideal product family to distribute in trade market.

Features and Benefits • • • • • •

Complete solution with choice of installation; recessed round. square and surface mounted version Energy - High system efficacy with lower power consumption Easy Installation - Integral light weight design, twister end cap provided for cable connection System efficiency, up to 85Lm/W CRI 80+, SDCM < 5 High reliability, 20k ~ 2Khrs (L70B50@25°C)

Product’s Information

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BLD62304 Building Science & Services (b) LED Track Light

Figure 3.4 Spotlights

Philips ST033T LED25 30W 24D LED track spotlight [3000k/4000k] [black/white] Essential SmartBright Projector ST033T is a value for money product designed for Mass market trade.

It is designed to replace halogen and CDM-standard-based projectors for retail and hospitality applications. This track based luminaire supports retailers to let their products stand out, or highlight certain objects. The clean and contemporary design with integrated driver, and choice in 24 or 36 degree beam angle makes the Essential SmartBright Projector relevant to many applications. The choice of 2 colors in White and Black helps the Retailer to choose products best suited to blend into the Store Environment Compared to it's predecessor, it is not only cost effective, but also a more sleek and lighter product design. The product family includes 1M and 2M Track in Black and white color with I and L. connector to support various applications

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Product’s Information

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BLD62304 Building Science & Services (c) LED Wall light

Figure 3.5 wall light

EVENZO LED WALL LIGHT Wall lamp indirect light distribution. Circular aluminium profile with integrated acrylic glass. Wall light, inclusive wall bracket 85mm/3.3″ and built-in socket, 1500mm/59″ cable and wall plug transformer including connection plug. LED-technology 24V, warm white 3000K (63).

Product’s Information

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(d) Lamp LED Sensor

Figure 3.6 motion sensor light sticks

Yeelight Multi Purpose Lamp LED Sensor Cabinet Light Motion Sensor

Features and benefit

• •

•

•

•

Precise Sensor - This multi-purpose lamp has a built-in precision human body sensor, and the light is on when there is motion, making it easy and hands-free.

Human Sensor Light in the Dark Place - The cabinet light has a built-in photosensitive sensor, which only lights up in a dark environment, which saves power and does not have to bother others.

Type-C Charging Battery - Large-capacity battery, support USB Type C charging with anti-overcharge protection, it can be used for 4-6 months with one charge, energy-saving, and environmental protection.

High-Grade Materials - Cabinet lights are as thin as 0.9cm, high-grade metal texture, simple design, black industrial style, easy to integrate into every corner of your home.

Mounting Magnetic - The cabinet light adopts the mounting magnetic structure with 3M paste on, and it can be used in two simple steps and easy to handle.

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BLD62304 Building Science & Services Product Information

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BLD62304 Building Science & Services 2) VAC Equipment a)Air Conditioner

Figure 3.7 Daikin Smarto Air Conditioner

FTKH28BV1MF

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BLD62304 Building Science & Services b) Ceiling fan

Figure 3.8 Panasonic ceiling fan

Panasonic NAYU5 56" 5-Blade Ceiling Fan F-M14D5VBPH

Features and Benefits • • • •

5-blade design – better air delivery Enhanced safety features – ensure safety of users 3-preset speed selection 1, 3, 6 Hour Off Timer & 3, 6 Hour Sleep Timer – promote power savings

Product Information

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1.3.2 Energy Calculations Sizing Air Conditioner: Area of the room (m²) = 4.65m x 3.085m x 31.25 =14.34525 =14.35 m² Total Window BTU = North window BTU x 1.4 x 164 =1.8954 x 1.4 x164 =435.18384 =435.1838 Btuh Occupant BTU = number of people x 600 =1 x 600 =600 Bruh Equipment BTU = total equipment watts x 3.4 =Ceiling Fan x 3.4 =21W x 3.4 = 71.4 Btuh Lighting BTU = total lighting watts x 4.25 = [LED downlight + LED track light + LED wall Light + LED Panel] x 4.25 = [(11W x 2) + (30W x 3) + (12W x 1) + (1.2W x 3)] x 4.25 =127.6W x 4.25 =542.3 Btuh Total heat load BTU = Area BTU + Total Window BTU + Occupant BTU + Equipment BTU + Lighting BTU =14.35 + 435.18384 + 600 +71.4 + 542.3 =1663.2338Btuh Number of a/c units required = Total heat load BTU / Cooling capacity BTU = 1663.2338/ 9700 =0.171 HP = 1 HP (Selected Horsepower) Before the installation of the air conditioner, the clients feel very sweltering although the ceiling fan was switched on. After the addition and replacement of light fixtures and VAC equipment, there are more coolants in the room to handle the rising heat, hence the comfort level of the room will be upgraded. Based on the air conditioning sizing the actual horsepower needed is approximately 0.171 HP (less than 1 HP). Thus, the option of the horsepower of the air conditioner can be 1 HP.

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BLD62304 Building Science & Services 1) Light Fixtures Item

Old Design Product Name 1200mm Philips Fluorescent Tube Light (TL-D 36W 54-765 ISL/25) Illumination Daylight (6500K)

Calculations Power= 36W =0.036 kW Per Day =0.036 kW x 6 hours =0.288kWh Per Month =0.288 kWh x 30 days =8.64 kWh Bill Costing =Prorated Block (kWh) x Rate (RM) =8.64 kWh x RM0.218 =RM 1.76

Item

New Design 1 Product Name PHILIPS DN027B LED9/11W D150 LED Round Recessed Downlight 4000K cool light

Calculations Power =11W=0.011kW Per Day =0.011 kW x 6 hours =0.066kWh Per Month =0.066 kWh x 30 days =1.98 kWh Bill Costing =Prorated Block (kWh) x Rate (RM) =1.98 kWh x RM0.218 =RM 0.43

Net Saving after switching =RM1.76 – RM0.43 – RM0.43 =RM0.90 Philips ST033T LED25 30W 24D LED track spotlight [3000k/4000k] [black/white]

Power =30W=0.030kW Per Day =0.030 kW x 4 hours =0.120kWh Per Month =0.120 kWh x 30 days =3.60 kWh Bill Costing =Prorated Block (kWh) x Rate (RM) =3.60 kWh x RM0.218 =RM 0.78

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BLD62304 Building Science & Services NSB-ZW804-RD 12W Led Wall Light

Power =12W=0.012kW Per Day =0.012 kW x 1 hours =0.012kWh Per Month =0.012 kWh x 30 days =0.036 kWh

Yeelight Multi-Purpose Lamp LED Sensor Cabinet Light Motion Sensor

Bill Costing =Prorated Block (kWh) x Rate (RM) =0.036 kWh x RM0.218 =RM 0.01 Power =1.2W=0.0012kW Per Day =0.0012 kW x 1 hours =0.0012kWh Per Month =0.0012 kWh x 30 days =0.0036 kWh Bill Costing =Prorated Block (kWh) x Rate (RM) =0.0036 kWh x RM0.218 =RM 0.0007848

Nate Based on Taff Block (Residence Tariff), every first 200 kWh rate as RM0.218.

Based on the calculation done above, the original fluorescent tube light cost about RM 1.75 per month with its 36W power. After switching the fluorescent tube light to the LED downlights, the bill cost will be lowered to around RM0.90 per month.

The amount that we saved from the replacement of the fluorescent tube light can be spent on the additional light fixtures that I opted for the new design such as 2 spotlights in the study area, 1 wall light in the dressing area, and the 3 light sticks in the cabinet.

After the light fixtures listed above were added, the amount we saved left RM0.08 (RM0.90 – RM0.78 – RM0.01 -RM0.01 = RM0.10). Hence, the electric bill cost would not increase but slightly decrease RM0.08 after the modifications and enhancements.

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2) VAC Equipment Item

New Design Product Name R32 Inverter Wall Mounted SMARTO FTKH Series FTKH28BV1MF

Calculations Power =720W=0.72kW Per Day =0.72 kW x 5 hours =3.6kWh Per Month =3.6 kWh x 30 days =108 kWh Bill Costing =Prorated Block (kWh) x Rate (RM) =108 kWh x RM0.218 =RM 23.54

After air conditioner was installed, the power consumption might be increase 3.6kWh per day and 108 kWh per month, since I will on the air conditioner when I sleep at night for 5 hours. Approximately, the electric bill costing will be increase around RM23.54 which is affordable to me but it lifts up my life quality to higher level and my sleeping condition will be improved especially during hot weather.

The bill costing slightly increase is because I did not install air conditioner before this, but the rate of increase of electric bill is low because the horsepower of air conditioner we selected is 1 HP and equipped with power saving features which is met my requirement.

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Item

Old Design Product Name CROWN 60" CEILING FAN CF360

Calculations Power =85W=0.085kW Per Day =0.085 kW x 7hours =0.147Wh Per Month =0.147 kWh x 30 days =5.95 kWh Bill Costing =Prorated Block (kWh) x Rate (RM) =5.95 kWh x RM0.218 =RM 1.30

Item

New Design Product Name Panasonic BAYU 56" 5-Blade Ceiling Fan F-M14D5VBHH

Calculations Power =21W=0.021kW Per Day =0.021 kW x 7hours =0.147Wh Per Month =0.147 kWh x 30 days =4.41 kWh Bill Costing =Prorated Block (kWh) x Rate (RM) =4.41 kWh x RM0.218 =RM 0.96

Net Saving after switching =RM1.30 – RM0.96 =RM0.34 The replacement of ceiling fan not only enhance the air delivery but also achieve the power savings from RM1.30 to RM0.96. The lower power consumption (21w) but high fan speed ceiling fan is able to create a more comfortable area for me to study and complete my task but didn’t generate a costly electric bill. I will stay in my room for a long time, since most of our classes are conduct online for now, thus a more comfortable area and affordable cost may improve my performance in study.

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1.3.3 Conclusion All in all, the issues occurred in my current bedroom such as the poor ventilation system due to the ceiling fan and no air conditioner have been resolved by installing eco-friendly, low power consumption and good quality appliances.

The lighting system issues are resolved by replacing the fluorescent tube light with the downlight which allows the light illuminates evenly without causing a photophobia issue (light sensitivity) to me. There is the application of sensor light which makes my room more intelligent and wall light which provided more feeling of safety to me during night hours.

The most important point is after applying these light fixtures does not burden my electric bill but slightly lower the cost.

Apart from that, the layout of my room is renovated according to my needs. Hence the utilization of my room become higher and upgraded in terms of aesthetics. The walkway of the room become wider and sufficient after the relocation of the door and furniture. A simple modification - the addition of power points also promotes an easy life and tidier room for me because it replaced the application of extension wire.

Most of the detected issues are solved in proper and eco-friendly ways, thus I believe that the quality of my life will absolutely higher through these changes. In my opinion, the design of the room must be suited for user because it will make the user's life become easier, and higher the quality of life and productivity. The layout of the room must be designed properly to avoid accidents happening in the room.

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Bill of Quantities for Bedroom BQ1: Light Fixtures in the room Item

Description

Unit

Qty

Rate (RM)

Total

L-1

Philips ST033T LED25 30W 24D LED track spotlight

nos

3

RM

50.89

RM 152.67

L-2

PHILIPS DN027B LED9/11W D150 LED Round Recessed Downlight 4000K

nos

2

RM

42.32

RM

84.64

L-3

EVENZO LED WALL LIGHT

nos

1

RM

28.42

RM

28.42

L-4

Yeelight Multi Purpose Lamp LED Sensor Cabinet Light Motion Sensor

nos

3

RM

65.00

RM 195.00

Total:

RM 460.73

Source

Note

JLL Electrical Sdn Bhd

The price does not include the shipping fees

Note

BQ2: VAC Equipment in the room Item

Description

Unit

Qty

Rate (RM)

Total

Source

L-5

Daikin SMARTO Premium R32 Inverter

nos

1

RM 2,340.00

RM 2,340.00

Daikin Malaysia Sdn Bhd

L-6

Panasonic NAYU5 56" 5-Blade Ceiling Fan F-M14D5VBPH

nos

1

RM 300.00

RM 300.00

Tan Boon Ming Sdn Bhd

Total: RM 2,640.00

BQ3: Summary of the total cost for the room No

Description

BQ1

Total cost for light fixtures in the room

BQ2

Total cost for VAC Equipment in the room Grand Total

Sub Total(RM) RM

460.73

RM RM

2,640.00 3,100.73

The price does not include the installation fees

BLD62304 Building Science & Services

2.2 Pictorial/Graphical References in BQ Item L-1

L-2

L-3

References

Sources

JLL Electrical Sdn Bhd A-G-3A, Kuchai Exchange, 43, Jalan Kuchai Maju 13, 58200 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.

L-4

Uniqbe (M) Sdn Bhd Wisma Uniqbe, 149-151 Jalan Maharajalela, 50460 Kuala Lumpur

VAC-1

Daikin Malaysia Sales & Service Sdn. Bhd. Lot 9, Jalan 13/6, Seksyen 13, 46200, Petaling Jaya, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia Tan Boon Ming Sdn Bhd Lot F - 53 - 55, 67, Jln Taman Ibu Kota, Danau Kota, 53300 Kuala Lumpur, Federal Territory of Kuala Lumpur

VAC-2

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BLD62304 Building Science & Services

2.5 Perspective View

Figure 3.7 Room perspective during daylight

Figure 3.7 Room perspective during night

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4950 LEGEND SYMB.

DESCRIPTION 1 GANG 13 AMP POWERPOINT

T

T

1 GANG TELEPHONE SOCKET

QTY 4 2

SWITCH 2 GANG 1 WAY

1

AIRCOND CONTROL

1 1 1

T

3385

FLUORESCENT LED LIGHT TUBE 11-WATT 1172MM x 21.4MM 60" CEILING FAN

EXISTING REFLECTED CEILING PLAN SCALE 1:20

NOTE:

DRAWN BY: TAN YI JYNN ID NO: 0353247 SUBJECT: BUILDING SCIENCE AND SERVICES

ASSIGNMENT 01: LIGTHING AND VAC DESIGN FOR COMFORT

SCALE: 1:20 DATE: 19-4-2022 LECTURER: SHARON TEH AI PING

4950 LEGEND

3385

SYMB.

DESCRIPTION

QTY

1 GANG 13 AMP POWERPOINT

1

3 GANG 13 AMP POWERPOINT

1

SWITCH 1 GANG 1 WAY

2

SWITCH 2 GANG 1 WAY

1

LED SPOTLIGHT

3

LED WALL LIGHT

1 2

60" CEILING FAN

1

AIR CONDITIONING

1

AIRCOND CONTROL

1

A/C

A/C

RECESSED LED DOWNLIGHT

NEW REFLECTED CEILING PLAN SCALE 1:20

NOTE:

DRAWN BY: TAN YI JYNN ID NO: 0353247 SUBJECT: BUILDING SCIENCE AND SERVICES

ASSIGNMENT 01: LIGTHING AND VAC DESIGN FOR COMFORT

SCALE: 1:20 DATE: 19-4-2022 LECTURER: SHARON TEH AI PING

Programme

Bachelor in Interior Architecture Module

BLD62304 Building Science & Services Name : Tan Yi Jynn (0353247) Semester : Mar to July 2022 Assignment 02: Indoor Comfort Design and ‘Invention’ (Part A)

BLD62304 Building Science & Services

Table of Contents Part 2a ......................................................................................................................................... 4 1.0 Introduction................................................................................................................................ 4 1.2 Analysis....................................................................................................................................... 5 1.3 Measurement ............................................................................................................................. 7 Dimension ......................................................................................................................................... 7 Temperature ................................................................................................................................. 8 1.4 Calculation .................................................................................................................................. 9 Wall A............................................................................................................................................ 9 Wall B .......................................................................................................................................... 12 Wall C .......................................................................................................................................... 14 Wall D ......................................................................................................................................... 19 1.5 Summary .................................................................................................................................. 21 1.6 Reference ................................................................................................................................. 21 Furniture Layout Plan...................................................................................................................... 22 Part 2B ...................................................................................................................................... 24 2.0 Introduction.............................................................................................................................. 24 Objective ..................................................................................................................................... 24 2.1 Market analysis ........................................................................................................................ 25 2.2 Idea Development .................................................................................................................... 26 Sketches ...................................................................................................................................... 26 2.3 Mock up .................................................................................................................................... 29 2.4 Making Process......................................................................................................................... 30 Machine & Tools ......................................................................................................................... 30 Panel ........................................................................................................................................... 30 Lighting ....................................................................................................................................... 30 Frame .......................................................................................................................................... 31 Support ....................................................................................................................................... 32 2.5 Material .................................................................................................................................... 33 2.6 Costing ...................................................................................................................................... 36 Evidence / receipts ...................................................................................................................... 36 Total Project cost ........................................................................................................................ 40 2.7 Brochure ................................................................................................................................... 41 Function ...................................................................................................................................... 41 Flat pack ...................................................................................................................................... 41 Instruction of use ........................................................................................................................ 41 2|P age

BLD62304 Building Science & Services 2.8 Appendix .................................................................................................................................. 42 Computer Rendering Picture ...................................................................................................... 42 Final Model ................................................................................................................................. 42 Presentation................................................................................................................................ 43 Technical Drawing ....................................................................................................................... 44 2.9 Reflection ................................................................................................................................. 45

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BLD62304 Building Science & Services

Part 2a 1.0 Introduction Wall A

Wall B

Wall D Wall C

Figure 1 :Plan of the whole unit

The chosen site is an apartment located on the 18th floor. There are four bedrooms and two toilets in this apartment. The toilets are located outside the bedrooms and they shared by the tenants. The proposed area is a common area serving as a living area, dining area and kitchen.

The external wall of Wall A and C are facing to the exterior spaces while the Wall B and D are connected with interior spaces.

Building is a thermal system because heat moves in homes for example heat transfers from hot to cold places. To calculate the heat transfer, the data is collected for the facings of 4 external walls including the direction, materials, and dimensions. Besides, measurement of each wall’s internal and external temperature at 3 different times of the day. 7 a.m., 12 p.m. and 5 p.m. are recorded. To identify the wall panel that is most critical or highest heat gain and most utilised space for further improvement.

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BLD62304 Building Science & Services

1.2 Analysis

Figure 2: Wall A

Figure 3: NE 34˚

The material for the whole wall is made from Concrete Masonry Unit. Typical brick wall covered in plaster and paint. There are 25mm plaster at both side complete with the wall paint finished. Wall A (NE 34˚) which facing North East have the opening that can access the balcony (1030mm width x 3500mm length) through four panels sliding door. The components of the sliding door are comprising of the aluminium frame and glass. There are four awning windows above the sliding door.

Figure 4: Wall B

Figure 5: SE 123˚

Wall B (SE 123˚) which faces South East is a totally plain wall and it serves as a separation of the spaces. The space in front of the wall is occupied by the tenants' appliances, furniture, and daily stuff. The area of the wall is 7585mm width times 3000mm height and the thickness of the wall is 4 inches.

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BLD62304 Building Science & Services

Figure 6: Wall C

Figure 7: SW 212˚

Wall C is facing to South West and the corridor of this level. The natural light source is limited in the area of wall c because it is located on the inner side of the apartment. A single side panel left-hand swing door with a wood solid core sized 2100mm height 3150 widths is used as the main door of the apartment for the tenants of the apartment. There is a double casement window with an aluminum frame are located in front of the sink, we can see the view of the opposite apartment through this window. The heat or greasy cooking odors from the air can be removed through this window. There are four awning windows above the casement window.

Figure 8: Wall D

Figure 9: NW 301˚

Wall D is facing North West and the spaces behind the wall are the rooms of the tenants. The total length of Wall D is 7900mm.There is a corridor which connects all the rooms of the tenants to the public restrooms and the common areas such as living room and kitchen. The size of the opening of the corridor is 1070mm length and 2640mm height.

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BLD62304 Building Science & Services

1.3 Measurement Dimension

Figure 10: Perspective with dimension

Figure 11: Perspective with dimension

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BLD62304 Building Science & Services

Temperature Wall

Time

Temperature

Wall A (NE 34˚)

7am 12pm 5pm

Internal 26.0 26.0 26.0

External 27.0 32.0 31.0

Wall B (SE 123˚)

7am 12pm 5pm

26.0 26.0 26.0

26.0 30.0 28.0

Wall C (SW 212˚)

7am 12pm 5pm

26.0 26.0 26.0

26.5 31.0 29.5

Wall D (NW 301˚)

7am 12pm 5pm

26.0 26.0 26.0

25.0 28.0 27.0

Table 1: Temperature of the wall

The ventilation system of the living room is depending on the ceiling fan and the temperature within the area is approximately 26 ˚C. Wall D is linked to bedroom 1 and 2. The tenant of the rooms will turn on the air conditioner 25˚C during sleeping period which is 11pm to 8 am.

When the air conditioner is turned off the temperature of the room will back to normal. The temperature of the external part of Wall A depends on the exterior temperature. The others walls’ temperature will be affected by several factors such as usage of air conditioner, facing of the wall, and etc. Although the external wall C is considered exterior but there is a void outside wall c so that the temperature of it will be slightly lowered.

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BLD62304 Building Science & Services

1.4 Calculation Wall A 1) Morning CMU wall with (8.2020997375’ x 8.3333333333’) opening Area CMU wall, A₁ = (11.482939633‘ x 9.842519685’ ) 68.35083114555993’ = 113.0210593794692 ft2 -68.3508 ft2 = 44.67022823390925 = 44.6702 ft2

Figure 12: Dimension of wall A

Thickness= 4” Outside Temp.= 80.6˚F Inside Temp.= 78.8˚F CMU R₁ = 0.8 hr*ft2*F/BTU

Heat transfer thru CMU wall, q1= q₁= A1 * T1 = (113.0210593794692) x (80.6-78.8) = (113.0210593794692’ x1.8) R1

0.8

0.8

= 254.2973836038056 BTU/hr

Single glass pane Thickness= 1/4” R₂ = 0.91 hr*ft2*F/BTU

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BLD62304 Building Science & Services

Heat transfer thru window, q2= q₂= A2 * T2 = (68.35083114555993’) x ( 80.6-78.8) = (68.35083114555993’ x 1.8) R2

0.91

0.91

= 135.1994462219867 BTU/hr

Total heat transfer rate for this wall = q₁ + q₂ = 254.2973836038056 BTU/hr + 135.1994462219867 BTU/hr = 389.4968298257923 BTU/hr

2) 12pm CMU wall with (8.2020997375’ x 8.3333333333’) opening Area CMU wall, A₁ = (11.482939633‘ x 9.842519685’ ) - 68.35083114555993’ = 113.0210593794692 ft2 -68.3508 ft2 = 44.67022823390925 = 44.6702 ft2 Thickness= 4” Outside Temp.= 89.6˚F Inside Temp.= 78.8˚F CMU R₁ = 0.8 hr*ft2*F/BTU

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BLD62304 Building Science & Services Heat transfer thru CMU wall, q1= q₁= A1 * T1 = (113.0210593794692) x (89.6-78.8) = (113.0210593794692’ x10.8) R1

0.8

0.8

= 1,525.784301622834 BTU/hr

Single glass pane Thickness= 1/4” R₂ = 0.91 hr*ft2*F/BTU

Heat transfer thru window, q2= q₂= A2 * T2 = (68.35083114555993’) x ( 89.6-78.8) = (68.35083114555993’ x 10.8) R2

0.91

0.91

= 811.19667733192 BTU/hr Total heat transfer rate for this wall = q₁ + q₂ = 1,525.784301622834 BTU/hr + 811.19667733192 BTU/hr = 2,336.980978954754 BTU/hr

3) 5pm CMU wall with (8.2020997375’ x 8.3333333333’) opening Area CMU wall, A₁ = (11.482939633‘ x 9.842519685’ ) - 68.35083114555993’ = 113.0210593794692 ft2 -68.3508 ft2 = 44.67022823390925 = 44.6702 ft2 Thickness= 4” Outside Temp.= 87.8˚F Inside Temp.= 78.8˚F CMU R₁ = 0.8 hr*ft2*F/BTU Heat transfer thru CMU wall, q1= q₁= A1 * T1 = (113.0210593794692) x (87.8-78.8) = (113.0210593794692’ x 9) R1

0.8

0.8

= 1,271.486918019029 BTU/hr

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BLD62304 Building Science & Services Single glass pane Thickness= 1/4” Window R₂ = 0.91 hr*ft2*F/BTU

Heat transfer thru window, q2= q₂= A2 * T2 = (68.35083114555993’) x ( 87.8 - 78.8) = (68.35083114555993’ x 9) R2

0.91

0.91

= 675.9972311099334 BTU/hr

Total heat transfer rate for this wall = q₁ + q₂ = 1,271.486918019029 BTU/hr + 675.9972311099334 BTU/hr = 1,947.484149128962 BTU/hr

Wall B 1) 7pm Area of CMU wall = (24.885170604’ x 9.842519685’) = 244.9327815344533 ft2 Thickness= 4” Outside Temp.= 78.8˚F Inside Temp.= 78.8˚F CMU R₁ = 0.8 hr*ft2*F/BTU Figure 13: Dimension of wall B

Heat transfer thru CMU wall, q1= q₁= A1 * T1 = (244.9327815344533) x (78.8 -78.8) = (244.9327815344533’ x 0) R1

0.8

0.8

= 0 BTU/hr

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BLD62304 Building Science & Services 2) 12pm Area of CMU wall = (24.885170604’ x 9.842519685’) = 244.9327815344533 ft2 Thickness= 4” Outside Temp.= 86.0˚F Inside Temp.= 78.8˚F CMU R₁ = 0.8 hr*ft2*F/BTU Heat transfer thru brick wall, q1= q₁= A1 * T1 = (244.9327815344533) x (86.0 -78.8) = (244.9327815344533’ x 7.2) R1

0.8

0.8

= 1,763.516027048064 BTU/hr

3) 5pm Area of CMU wall = (24.885170604’ x 9.842519685’) = 244.9327815344533 ft2 Thickness= 4” Outside Temp.= 82.4˚F Inside Temp.= 78.8˚F CMU R₁ = 0.8 hr*ft2*F/BTU Heat transfer thru brick wall, q1= q₁= A1 * T1 = (244.9327815344533) x (82.4 -78.8) = (244.9327815344533’ x 3.6) R1

0.8

0.8

= 1,102.19751690504 BTU/hr

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BLD62304 Building Science & Services

Wall C 1) Morning CMU wall with (3.8221784777’ x 4.6916010499’) window and (4.2650918635’ x 6.8897637795’)door Area CMU wall, A₁ = (11.482939633‘ x 9.842519685’ ) 17.9321365588825 - 29.38547543738246 = 113.0210593794692 ft2 - 17.9321365588825 ft2 29.38547543738246 ft2 = 65.70344738320424 ft2 Thickness= 4” Outside Temp.= 79.7˚F Inside Temp.= 78.8˚F

Figure 14: Dimension of wall C

CMU R₁ = 0.8 hr*ft2*F/BTU

Heat transfer thru CMU wall, q1= q₁= A1 * T1 = (65.70344738320424) x (79.7 - 78.8) = (65.70344738320424’ x 0.9) R1

0.8

0.8

= 73.91637830610477BTU/hr

Single glass pane Thickness= 1/4” R₂ = 0.91 hr*ft2*F/BTU

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BLD62304 Building Science & Services

Heat transfer thru window, q₂= q₂= A2 * T2 = (17.9321365588825’) x (79.7 - 78.8) = (17.9321365588825’ x 0.9) R2

0.91

0.91

= 17.73508011318049 BTU/hr

Door Spec = Solid wood core 1.4173228346” Table=(1.75”, r=2.17) R₃ = (1.4173228346 / 1.75”) x 2.17 = 1.757480314904hr*ft2*F/BTU

Heat transfer thru door, q₃= q₃= A₃ * T₃ = (29.38547543738246’) x (79.7 - 78.8) = (29.38547543738246’ x 0.9) R₃

1.757480314904

1.757480314904

= 15.04820718011219 BTU/hr

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BLD62304 Building Science & Services Total heat transfer rate for this wall = q₁ + q₂ + q₃ = 73.91637830610477 BTU/hr + 17.73508011318049 BTU/hr + 15.04820718011219 = 106.6996655993975BTU/hr

2) 12pm CMU wall with (3.8221784777’ x 4.6916010499’) window and (4.2650918635’ x 6.8897637795’)door Area CMU wall, A₁ = (11.482939633‘ x 9.842519685’ ) - 17.9321365588825 - 29.38547543738246 = 113.0210593794692 ft2 - 17.9321365588825 ft2 - 29.38547543738246 ft2 = 65.70344738320424 ft2 Thickness= 4” Outside Temp.= 87.8˚F Inside Temp.= 78.8˚F CMU R₁ = 0.8 hr*ft2*F/BTU

Heat transfer thru CMU wall, q1= q₁= A1 * T1 = (65.70344738320424) x (87.8 - 78.8) = (65.70344738320424’ x 9) R1

0.8

0.8

= 739.1637830610477 BTU/hr

Single pane glass Thickness= 1/4” R₂ = 0.91 hr*ft2*F/BTU

Heat transfer thru window, q₂= q₂= A2 * T2 = (17.9321365588825’) x (87.8 - 78.8) = (17.9321365588825’ x 9) R2

0.91

0.91

= 177.3508011318049 BTU/hr

Door Spec = Solid wood core 1.4173228346” Table=(1.75”, r=2.17) 16 | P a g e

BLD62304 Building Science & Services R₃ = (1.4173228346 / 1.75”) x 2.17 = 1.757480314904hr*ft2*F/BTU

Heat transfer thru door, q₃= q₃= A₃ * T₃ = (29.38547543738246’) x (87.8- 78.8) = (29.38547543738246’ x 9) R₃

1.757480314904

1.757480314904

= 150.4820718011219BTU/hr

Total heat transfer rate for this wall = q₁ + q₂ + q₃ = 739.1637830610477 BTU/hr + 177.3508011318049 BTU/hr + 150.4820718011219 = 1,066.996655993975BTU/hr

3) 5pm CMU wall with (3.8221784777’ x 4.6916010499’) window and (4.2650918635’ x 6.8897637795’)door Area CMU wall, A₁ = (11.482939633‘ x 9.842519685’ ) - 17.9321365588825 - 29.38547543738246 = 113.0210593794692 ft2 - 17.9321365588825 ft2 - 29.38547543738246 ft2 = 65.70344738320424 ft2 Thickness= 4” Outside Temp.=85.1˚F Inside Temp.= 78.8˚F CMU R₁ = 0.8 hr*ft2*F/BTU Heat transfer thru CMU wall, q1= q₁= A1 * T1 = (65.70344738320424) x (85.1 - 78.8) = (65.70344738320424’ x 6.3) R1

0.8

0.8

= 517.4146481427334 BTU/hr

Single pane glass Thickness= 1/4” R₂ = 0.91 hr*ft2*F/BTU

Heat transfer thru window, q₂= 17 | P a g e

BLD62304 Building Science & Services q₂= A2 * T2 = (17.9321365588825’) x (85.1 - 78.8) = (17.9321365588825’ x 6.3) R2

0.91

0.91

= 124.1455607922635 BTU/hr

Door Spec = Solid wood core 1.4173228346” Table=(1.75”, r=2.17) R₃ = (1.4173228346 / 1.75”) x 2.17 = 1.757480314904hr*ft2*F/BTU

Heat transfer thru window, q₃= q₃= A₃ * T₃ = (29.38547543738246’) x (85.1- 78.8) = (29.38547543738246’ x 6.3) R₃

1.757480314904

1.757480314904

= 105.3374502607854 BTU/hr

Total heat transfer rate for this wall = q₁ + q₂ + q₃ = 517.4146481427334 BTU/hr + 124.1455607922635 BTU/hr + 105.3374502607854BTU/hr = 746.8976591957823 BTU/hr

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BLD62304 Building Science & Services

Wall D 1) 7am Wall with an opening ( 3.5104986877’ x 8.6614173228’) Area of CMU wall = (25.918635171’ x 9.842519685’) - 30.40589414531145 = 255.1046768789008 ft2 - 30.40589414531145 ft2 = 224.6987827335894 ft2 Thickness= 4” Outside Temp.= 77.0˚F Inside Temp.= 78.8˚F Figure 15: Dimension of wall D

CMU R₁ = 0.8 hr*ft2*F/BTU

Heat transfer thru CMU wall, q1= q₁= A1 * T1 = 224.6987827335894 x (78.8 - 77.0) = 224.6987827335894 x 1.8 R1

0.8

0.8

= 505.5722611505762 BTU/hr

2) 12pm Wall with an opening ( 3.5104986877’ x 8.6614173228’) Area of CMU wall = (25.918635171’ x 9.842519685’) - 30.40589414531145 = 255.1046768789008 ft2 - 30.40589414531145 ft2 = 224.6987827335894 ft2 Thickness= 4” Outside Temp.= 82.4˚F 19 | P a g e

BLD62304 Building Science & Services Inside Temp.= 78.8˚F CMU R₁ = 0.8 hr*ft2*F/BTU Heat transfer thru CMU wall, q1= q₁= A1 * T1 = 224.6987827335894 x (82.4 - 78.8) = 224.6987827335894 x 3.6 R1

0.8

0.8

= 1,011.1445 BTU/hr

3) 5pm Wall with an opening ( 3.5104986877’ x 8.6614173228’) Area of CMU wall = (25.918635171’ x 9.842519685’) - 30.40589414531145 = 255.1046768789008 ft2 - 30.40589414531145 ft2 = 224.6987827335894 ft2 Thickness= 4” Outside Temp.= 80.6˚F Inside Temp.= 78.8˚F CMU R₁ = 0.8 hr*ft2*F/BTU Heat transfer thru CMU wall, q1= q₁= A1 * T1 = 224.6987827335894 x (80.6 - 78.8) = 224.6987827335894 x 1.8 R1

0.8

0.8

= 505.5723 BTU/hr

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BLD62304 Building Science & Services

1.5 Summary Heat transfer Wall A Wall B Wall C Wall D

7am 389.4968 BTU/hr 0 BTU/hr 106.6997 BTU/hr 505.5723 BTU/hr

12pm 2336.9810 BTU/hr 1763.5160 BTU/hr 1066.9967 BTU/hr 1011.1445 BTU/hr

5pm 1,947.4841 BTU/hr 1102.1975 BTU/hr 746.8977 BTU/hr 505.5723 BTU/hr

Table 2: Summary of heat transfer

The heat transfer of wall A, B, C and D in the morning are 389.4968 BTU/hr, 0 BTU/hr, 106.6997 BTU/hr, and 505.5723 BTU/hr respectively. The lowest heat transfer at 12pm is Wall D, 1011.1445 BTU/hr while the highest heat transfer is Wall A, 2336.9810 BTU/hr. The range of heat transfer of the walls at 5pm is between 505.5723 BTU/hr to 1,947.4841 BTU/hr.

Wall A (NE 34˚) is Northeast facing wall which is the hottest in the morning. It is the most utilized space in the unit. The sliding doors always open to allow the ventilation in the common area. The heat transfer in the 7am is 389.4968 BTU/hr. The value is the higher than other walls in the morning since it is sunrise at the point. At 12pm, the heat transfer of the wall is the highest, 2336.9810 BTU/hr because it is facing the exterior building. The heat transfer at 5pm is 1,947.4841 BTU/hr. The value is lower than the previous value because the direction of wall A is opposite the West which is the direction of sunset.

The one of the factors of wall A become the most critical heat gain is the glass sliding door.

The application of glass panel will cause the resistance decrease that lead to the heat transfer increase based on the formula. Secondly, the direction facing of the external wall is crucial because the temperature is depending on the exterior weather. It is the only wall that is not facing the interior unit or building. Thirdly, the difference of the temperature is bigger. The temperature of Wall A in the morning 27˚C while the afternoon is 32 ˚C and the temperature will decrease when evening. The lowest temperature can drop to 25 ˚C at night since the unit is located at 18th floor.

Figure 16: Sunlight penetrate Into the space

Figure 17: Situation in morning

Figure 18: Shaded area

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11218 1800

2650

1070

BEDROOM 2

4180

1180

BEDROOM 1 CORRIDOR

3800

1350

ENTRANCE LIVING ROOM

BALCONY

2000

KITCHEN

EXISTING FURNITURE LAYOUT PLAN SCALE 1:50

NOTE:

DRAWN BY: TAN YI JYNN

ASSIGNMENT 02:

SCALE: 1:50

ID NO: 0353247

INDOOR COMFORT DESIGN AND ÍNVENTION

DATE: 23-5-2022

SUBJECT: BUILDING SCIENCE AND SERVICES

LECTURER: SHARON TEH AI PING

BALCONY

BEDROOM 4

BEDROOM 3

BALCONY

LIVING ROOM

LIVING ROOM

KITCHEN

KITCHEN

BEDROOM 1

CORRIDOR

YARD

TOILET 2

TOILET 1

BEDROOM 2

ENTRANCE

ENTRANCE VOID

NOTE:

VOID

DRAWN BY: TAN YI JYNN

ASSIGNMENT 02:

SCALE: 1:75

ID NO: 0353247

INDOOR COMFORT DESIGN AND ÍNVENTION

DATE: 23-5-2022

SUBJECT: BUILDING SCIENCE AND SERVICES

LECTURER: SHARON TEH AI PING

BLD62304 Building Science & Services

Part 2B 2.0 Introduction Passive/Green Insulation Product Development to solve the issue of critical wall identified from Part2a. Wall A (NE 34˚) which facing North East have the opening that can access the balcony (1030mm width x 3500mm length) through four panels sliding door. The wall A is in the direction of sunrise so the heat transfer of the wall in the morning is higher. I proposed to utilize the area of balcony to design the passive insulation product.

Objective To reduce heat transfer and enhance the ventilation in daytime. Other than common products in the market, the product also has enhanced features such as light control and visual comfort.

Design a sunshield that have multifunction. In addition, the product as modular piece that allow people to customize according the area of the space. It can be adjustable the length to suit different size of opening. Also, it can be rotate to the specific angle to reduce excessive sun light penetrate into the space and ensure the visibility at the same time. The product designed as permanent fixture to ensure the safety issue when installation at the opening.

Figure 19: Wall A facing North East

Figure 20: Situation in the morning

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2.1 Market analysis

Figure 21: Canopy

Figure 22: Awning

Research the products which under the categories of sunshield. Various kind of products available in the market involve of permanent fixture and mobile that people that can fulfill the requirement Common product for sun shield that have sell in the market are these kind of canopies that can only cover from the top.

Also, most of the people will purchase awning for their balcony to block the sunlight. These product cannot ensure the visibility and have the aesthetic issue.

Figure 23: Market price of awning

Figure 24: Market price of canopy

The range of market price for these products is between RM80 – RM250 depends on the type of materials chosen and the area of covered.

From the case study, the sunshield product that have multi-function such as light control and visual comfort at the same times have high opportunities in the market. The product designed to adjustable to enhance the practicality.

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2.2 Idea Development Sketches The main function of the product is acts as sunshade to reduce excessive sunlight penetrate into the living room that can cause the heat transfer value high especially in the morning.

Besides, the product can be part of lighting at night for decoration at the balcony. In addition, the panel can be a whiteboard that allow people to draw on it.

The product is support by the telescopic to adjust the height and angle. This product shall light weighted for safety issue on easy installation. The product stand independently in line to block certain light and can be adjust to certain angle to ensure the ventilation and visibility.

The material chosen main made from plastic and aluminium that not only light-weight but also lasting long at outdoor.

Figure 25: Sketches of ideation

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The sketches below show the ideation on visualize the product that integrate the main function of sunshield and also the additional function. In addition, the product also enhance the features on length adjustable and angle rotatable.

Figure 26: Sketches of initial idea

These is the exploded view to show the material usage and mechanism of the product. This is the initial idea of assemble the product.

However, the installation may be a issue due to the location of installing the product is at the opening of the balcony. It might not stable if it is not a permanent fixtures.

Figure 27: Sketches of exploded view

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The sketches below show the research of material on making product. After go through several hardware shops and factory, I decide to use readily available materials. Moreover, I have changed my proposal few times to make the product practically and affordable.

Figure 28: Research of materials

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2.3 Mock up To practice the initial idea with the fixtures. I purchase the telescopic The stick that can adjust the length and angle at the Daiso. The problem faced is the stick cannot hold the weight of the panel and not stable. I decide to use the piping fittings as joining system between the stick and panel.

The panel I decided to use hollow polycarbonate bacause it is weather resistance. The hollow polycarbonate panels have superior weather capability. They can be used in both outdoor and indoor construction. Besides, they possess excellent light transmission properties. I select 6mm hollow polycarbonate to have achieve lighter weight of product in order to have a safe and easy installation.

To attach with the stick, the polycarbonate is covered with aluminium frame so that the screw cap can screw on it. With the aluminium frame, the lighting fixtures can be hidden inside it.

The lighting fixtures can pass through the hole of the hollow polycarbonate.

The additional function of the panel is whiteboard usage. Attach a piece of 1mm acrylic at the front of the polycarbonate and lock it by standoffs. Acrylic allow people to draw on it with whiteboard marker.

For last aspect is the mechanism of stand independently, the base of the stick connect to a rod bracket then nail it to the wall of the balcnoy.

Figure 30: Selected hollow polycarbonate

Figure 29: Mock up mechanism

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2.4 Making Process Machine & Tools

Cordless Drill

Hacksaw Frames Hammer Hand file Grinding Machine

Bench vice

Figure 31: Machine & Tools

Panel

Figure 32: Peel protection of acrylic

Figure 33: Protection of polycarbonate

Figure 34: Assemble the panel with standoffs

Laser cut the hole in the beginning. Peel the protector from both of the acrylic and hollow polycarbonate. Attach them together by standoffs.

Lighting

Figure 35: LED Strips

Figure 36: Pass through the polycarbonate with light

Prepare 2 sets of 3M LED Stripe and place the battery into the casing. Thread the LED lights into the holes of poly carbonate. Stick the casing behind the board using double side tape.

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Frame

Figure 37: Measure U channel

Figure 38: Cut U channel

Figure 39: Grind the edge of U channel

Measure the U Channel that fit the hollow polycarbonate (900 x 200). Fixed the U channel (1ft) and cut it using the hacksaw. After that, grind the sharp edge with the hand file.

Figure 40: Marking U channel

Figure 41: Drill holes

Hammering and marking the position that need to be drill the U channel for corner bracket to join all the frame together.

Figure 42: Screw the corner bracket

Slot the hollow polycarbonate into the frame and screw the corner bracket into the frame.

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Support Modify the telescopic handle to connect with the copper fitting so that the attached faced to the frame is hard to support the weight. Drill a hole with the cordless drill machine to screw the telescopic handle and the copper fittings to the corner bracket and frame using the screw and nut.

Grind the handle to make it fit to the copper fittings. Then, drill a hole using cordless drill.

Figure 43: Grinding machine

Figure 44: Bench vice

Then, join back the handle with the telescopic. Estimate the size of the wood which acts as a ‘floor’.

Figure 45: join the handle to the pole

Figure 46: measure the wood

Figure 47: screw the rod bracket

Figure 48: copper fitting

Screw the rod bracket at the end of telescopic rod. After that, screw it to the ‘floor’. Finally, fixed the panel to the ceiling to make it more stable by using 2 copper cap at both sides and copper nipple at the middle.

Screw one of the cap at the panel on the corner bracket while another screw on ceiling.

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2.5 Material Material

Product

Size / Quantity

Remarks

Hollow polycarbona te

6 x 200 x 900mm

Original size 4ft length and the width can cut into any size.

Clear acrylic

3 x 200 x 900

Cut the size and holes at the same times. The thickness of 1mm is out of stock therefore 3mm is selected.

Standoffs

18MM

Recommend ed 10MM because it will lighter.

Resources

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BLD62304 Building Science & Services Aluminium frame (U channel)

6ft (5/8” x 3/8”)

Cut into 1ft per piece for delivery.

Roller with telescopic pole

2m

Before extension is 1m

Rod bracket

1 set

Screw is provided to tight up the rod.

Copper cap 3pcs (1/2 inch)

Copper nipple

½ inch

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Screw

1 set (20pcs) 4 x 20 mm

LED strip

3 meter

Corner bracket

4 pcs (20*20m m)

PVC Pipe

1 pcs (300mm)

Yellow light.

Battery is not provided

Selling at min. 1 ft can cut into small pieces

Table 3: Type of material

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2.6 Costing Evidence / receipts The quantities state in the receipt is the number of making 2 of the modulars product. The specific quantity per piece may refer the table in material.

Recepit 1 : Hollow polycarbonate (White)

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Recepit 2 : Hollow polycarbonate ( Brown )

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Recepit 3 : Acrylic and standoffs

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Recepit 4 : Copper cap & Nipple

Recepit 6 : Telescopic pole

Recepit 5 : Rod Bracket

Recepit 7 : LED strip

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BLD62304 Building Science & Services No. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12

Material 6mm Hollow Polycarbonate 20mm clear acrylic U Channel (5/8” x 3/8”) Standoffs (10mm) 3M LED Strip 2M Telescopic pole Corner Bracket Copper cap ( 1/2“ ) Copper Nipple (1/2“ ) Rod Bracket Screw (20 x 20mm) PVC pipie (20mm) Total

Quantity 1 pcs 1 pcs 3 ft 4 pcs 1 pcs 1 pcs 4 pcs 3 pcs 1 pcs 1 pcs 15 pcs 300mm

Unit Price (RM) 11.65 40.00 3.25 3.00 2.30 24.90 0.60 2.10 3.30 0.95 0.10 0.50

Amount (RM) 11.65 40.00 9.75 12.00 2.30 24.90 2.40 6.30 3.30 0.95 1.50 0.50 115.55

Table 4: Cost of materials

Labour cost 1 people x hours x RM per hour 1 x 8 x 5= 40.00

Overhead cost (estimate) No Overhead 1 Water 2 Electricity

Cost (RM) 0.50 1.00 Total 1.50 Table 5: Overhead cost

Total Project cost Material cost + Labour cost + Overhead cost RM115.55 + RM40.00 + RM1.50 =RM157.05

Profit RM157.05 x 15% = RM23.56

Total price RM157.05+RM23.56 =RM180.60 40 | P a g e

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2.7 Brochure Function Sunshield panel used to reduce heat gain, rotate to specific angle to block the sunlight. Its length can be adjustable to suit the user requirement. It equips other features such as lighting and whiteboard purpose.

Flat pack Hollow polycarbonate x1, acrylic sheet x1, U channel x4, standoffs x4, LED Strip x1, telescopic pole x1, corner bracket x4, copper cap x3, copper nipple x1, rod bracket x1, screw x15

Figure 50: Packaging if the product

Figure 51: Protect by bubble wrap

Figure 49: Flat pack

Instruction of use

Rotate clockwise to adjust the angle.

Rotate anti-clockwise to lock it. * Need to reserve 90° for locking Figure 52: Instruction of use

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2.8 Appendix Computer Rendering Picture Visualise the installation of product at the site.

Figure 53: 3D rendering

Final Model

Figure 53: Light up at night

Figure 55: Whiteboard

Figure 56: Screw to the ceiling

Figure 54: Length and angle adjustable

Figure 56: Screw to the floor

Figure 57: Composition of the panel

Figure 58: Joining of the pole to panel

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Presentation

Figure 59: Final presentation physically in studio

Figure 61: Set up the prototype

Figure 60: Describe the product

Figure 62: Demo the prototype

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333 U CHANNEL

6MM HOLLOW POLYCARBONATE

900

10

2MM CLEAR ACRYLIC

200 10MM STANDOFFS

2237

TELESCOPIC POLE

1004

TOP VIEW SCALE 1:2

FRONT VIEW SCALE 1:10

NOTE:

DRAWN BY: TAN YI JYNN

ASSIGNMENT 02:

SCALE: 1:75

ID NO: 0353247

INDOOR COMFORT DESIGN AND ÍNVENTION

DATE: 14-6-2022

SUBJECT: BUILDING SCIENCE AND SERVICES

LECTURER: SHARON TEH AI PING

BLD62304 Building Science & Services

2.9 Reflection

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