Cival War 20140608

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SUNDAY, JUNE 8, 2014

CIVIL WAR

DAILY JOURNAL

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14

150 years

Sesquicentennial of the Battle of Brice’s Crossroads, Tupelo/Harrisburg

BY EDWINA CARPENTER SPECIAL TO THE JOURNAL

BALDWYN – Visitors will be transported back in time during a three-day event to commemorate the anniversaries of the Battle of Brice’s Crossroads and the Battle of Tupelo-Harrisburg on June 13-15.

Cleburne’s Division of Re-enactors will host the event on the 1,500-acre Brice’s Crossroads Battlefield located at the intersection of Highway 370 and CR 833, and present two full-scale scripted battles with historically authentic scenarios.

They will re-enact the Battle of Brice’s Crossroads as it really happened as well as the Battle of Tupelo.

On Friday, a children’s discovery day will be hosted by Mississippi Final Stands, including registration at the center, battlefield stations, campfire lunch and scavenger hunt.

Both battles were part of the Federals’ Atlanta Campaign. Gen. William Tecumseh Sherman’s plan was to destroy the Confederate army by dissecting the South and occupying Atlanta, Georgia, while keeping Gen. Nathan Bedford Forrest away from his supply lines.

Brice’s Crossroads battle fought June 10, 1864, resulted in a decisive victory for Gen. Forrest, however, Gen. A.J. Smith succeeded in beating back Forrest’s charges in the July 14, 1864, Battle of Harrisburg.

The event will also provide family entertainment and edu-

cation as well as awareness of our local history. In addition to realistic battles, an activities tent will host a variety of presentations from authors, historians and musicians who will share Civil War history.

Camps will open at 9 a.m. on Saturday and Sunday. Sutlers, including Dixie GunWorks, of Union, Tennessee, the civilian town, modern day vendors and the activity

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MISSISSIPPI’S FINAL STANDS Visitors and Interpretive Center, open 9 a.m. to 6 p.m. Saturday and 9 a.m. to 5 p.m. Sunday 150th anniversary Reenactment and Living History June 13-15, 2014 Intersection of Hwy. 370 W. and CR 833

SCHEDULE OF EVENTS

FRIDAY, JUNE 13 • 10 a.m. Children ages 7-15, register for Discovery Day at Visitors Center, $5 fee, parents welcome

• 10:30 a.m. Shuttle to battlefield, visit camps, demonstrations and music • 12:30 p.m. Campfire meal for Discovery Day participants • 1:45 p.m. Return to museum by shuttle bus, Discovery Day ends

SATURDAY, JUNE 14 Camps open 9 a.m-1 p.m. and 3:30 p.m.-5 p.m.

Bethany Presbyterian Church will offer a tour and history of the church including an 1864 Communion table from 9 a.m. to 2 p.m. The Historic

tent will present programs from 9 a.m. until 5 p.m. Saturday, and 9 a.m. until 2 p.m. Sunday “Engineering, medical, and military demonstrations will be set up for spectators and programs will run all day on the hour in the civilian town and sutler area Saturday and Sunday,” said Edwina Carpenter, curator of the center and event organizer.

Spectators can also enjoy a

Ladies Social with ladies dressed in period attire and a program entitled “Why am I dressed this way?” on Saturday from 10 a.m. until noon in the Speakers Tent.

For children ages 8-13, the weekend starts early with a Civil War Discovery Day at the

SCHEDULE OF EVENTS

Bethany Cemetery will be open for self-guided tours with brochures and/or docent tours from 9 a.m. to 2 p.m.

• 2 p.m. Battle of Brice’s Crossroads re-enactment fought on the original battlefield • 8 p.m. Period ball and dance, visitors welcome

PROGRAM SCHEDULE FOR ACTIVITIES TENT

Free with admission to battlefield Historical and Educational Programs All day.

Gen. U. S. Grant, portrayed by Dr. Curt Fields,

FRIDAY’S DISCOVERY DAY

Brice’s Crossroads’ Battlefield.

Children will meet on Friday morning beginning at the center at 10 a.m. Buses will transport the children to the battlefield where soldiers, dressed in period attire, will greet them.

Participants will be invited to visit stations or camps to learn about different aspects of life as a Civil War soldier including music, uniforms, weapons and food. The children will also participate in a scavenger hunt at the Historic Bethany Cemetery where they will be asked to find items such as names of families who first settled there. The day wraps up with a tasting of campfire-prepared food before returning to the visitors center at 1:30 p.m.

Spectators are invited to attend the Grand Ball on Saturday night as the battles take second stage to an authentic social event.

On Sunday morning, period church services will be led by Dwayne Hamby, beginning at 9 a.m. Following the church service, a dedication of an interpretive panel describing the 12th Kentucky’s action, led by Capt. Henry A. Tyler, will be unveiled. The panel is sponsored by the Civil War Center for the Study of the Civil War era at Kennesaw State University in Kennesaw, Georgia.

For more information about these events, please contact Edwina Carpenter at (662) 365-3969.

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and Gen. Nathan Bedford Forrest, portrayed by Michael Cole, will be available for discussion and questions.

Rangers from the National Park Service will present demonstrations and interpretation at the NPS site with a dress-up station for children, and at the Tishomingo Creek site. USCT re-enactor Patrick Shell will discuss black troops at Brice’s and Tupelo.

• 9-10 a.m. Author Ken Knopp, “Horses in the Civil War” • 10 a.m.-noon Ladies

Social and Program by Beverly Simpson, “Why am I dressed like this?”

• Noon-1 p.m. “Battle of Brice’s Crossroads” – Walking tour with Dr. Stewart Bennett • 3:30-4:30 p.m. Roger Hansen – firearms used at Brice’s Crossroads and Tupelo battles in 1864 • 4:30 -5:30 p.m. Chickasaw Chief Tishomingo and his home near Bethany – Carmon Horner

SUNDAY, JUNE 15 Camps open 9 a.m. to 1 p.m.

• 2 p.m. Battle of Tupelo – re-enactment

SCHEDULE FOR ACTIVITIES TENT

• 9-10 a.m. Period Church Service, the Rev. Dwayne Hamby • 10-11 a.m. SCV’s Confederate Medal of Honor – Sgt. Columbus Hall - Russ Hall • 11a.m.-noon Brent Lokey, Gen. Nathan Bedford Forrest and Streight’s Raid • Noon-1 p.m Battle of Tupelo-/Harrisburg, Old Town Creek – Author Tom Parson

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COURTESY

Union cannons fire upon Confederate cavalry as the crowd looks on.

DAILY JOURNAL

In the spring of 1864 General William Tecumseh Sherman led more that 100,000 Union soldiers into northern Georgia. His mission was to capture the city of Atlanta, a vital center of transportation and industry. The city's fall would be a staggering blow to the already faltering southern Confederacy. To protect his army's vulnerable supply lines, Sherman ordered Union forces at Memphis, Tennessee to march into North Mississippi. Their job was to find and, if possible, destroy Major General Nathan Bedford Forrest and his Confederate cavalry.

On the morning of June 10, 1864, Union and Confederate troops clashed near Baldwyn along the sleepy wooded lanes around Brice's Crossroads.

Forrest led elements of his cavalry corps in a bloody day-long battle against a much larger Union army commanded by Brigadier General Samuel D. Sturgis. Fighting in the sweltering heat, Forrest used his superior knowledge of the enemy, aggressive tactics and favorable terrain to win one of the most decisive victories of the American Civil War, completely routing Sturgis' expeditionary force, and capturing most of their weapons and supplies.

Forrest had won a stunning victory, but it was not complete. Despite the high cost, Sherman had in fact successfully diverted Forrest away from his supply lines. The Atlanta campaign could continue.

Bill Benson Chancery Clerk

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Years

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| SUNDAY, JUNE 8, 2014

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CIVIL WAR

DAILY JOURNAL

SUNDAY, JUNE 8, 2014

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3E

BY KAYLA CARPENTER SPECIAL TO THE JOURNAL

In June 1954 residents from Baldwyn and surrounding areas donned blue and gray wool suits as they marched across the sacred grounds known as the historical site of the Battle of Brice’s Crossroads.

Nine decades before, on June 10, 1864, the field at Brice’s Crossroads witnessed the rebirth of steel and the blood of the principles that men from throughout the United States fought for on that hot summer day.

Several years later, under the direction of Claude Gentry, locals came together on a blazing hot day just like the fateful day in 1864 to celebrate the 90th anniversary of the Battle of Brice’s Crossroads.

Crowds estimated at 10,000 first heard the story of the battle and then saw a portion re-enacted by local residents whose uniforms were sewn at the local Blue Bell plant and donated for the event.

Among the guests introduced were Claude Gentry, chairman of the Brice’s Crossroads Memorial Association; Mrs. Dorothy McElroy Vrendenburgh of Birmingham, secretary of the Democratic National Convention and descendent of the local McElroy family; Mrs. Mary Forrest Bradley, granddaughter of General Nathan Bedford Forrest; and her daughter, Miss Cecil Bradley of Memphis; as well as local

CREDIT

At an early reenactment of the Battle of Brice’s Crossroads in 1954, local “soldiers” line up at the crossroads. committee members.

According to several accounts from that day, automobiles were parked on each side of the five roads leading to the crossroads for a mile or more and dust rolled for many miles as spectators approached the fields.

Robert Heflin, formerly of Baldwyn, was a junior high student when Mr. Claude set up a sign-up, or a muster roll, in Baldwyn for participants.

“I was eager to dress out in a Civil War uniform,” Heflin said. “I was assigned as a Union soldier and a casualty. When we began to fight, I fell in a

ditch and made it fine until a lady placed a wool blanket over me. I thought I would really be a casualty if I lay there much longer in the heat.”

Many well-known residents portrayed significant generals and soldiers from the Civil War. For example, the late Bruce McElroy, who was the local postmaster and a military man, portrayed Gen. Forrest, and the late Johnnie Arnold, played the part of Gen. Samuel Sturgis. The late Van Stubbs, also a local resident and military man, was strategy director for the event. Also, Cecil Han-

kins and Robert Holmes helped with the ammunition and the large guns.

Other Baldwyn men who participated were John O. Cunningham, Bobby Tom Outlaw, Roger Barnett, Ben Means, Jim Agnew, Mose Garret, Haddon Palmer, Clyde Tapp, Simon Spight, James McWhorter and Gene Prentice.

The black powder from fired blanks and the sweltering heat allowed visitors and re-enactors to get a taste of what life and the war were really like in the 1860s. However, without the water supplied by the Lee County Supervisors and road employees, the

scene would have been almost identical to the day the Union and Confederate soldiers fought at Brice’s Crossroads.

Although men were responsible for re-enacting the battle, the ladies also played an important part in the festivities of the day.

Some sold bottled Cokes and operated concessions. While others served as nurses and on-lookers.

The commemoration of the battle ended with a Confederate ball in the local high school gym that Saturday night. The ladies of the community helped to plan and organize the ball.

Ruth White of the Jericho community helped with the ball and commemoration that day. She and her mother sewed dresses reminiscent of the Civil War. “My mother, Bess Arnold Wallis, sewed a gray dress with blue flowers for me,” she said. “The dress had large ruffles with tatting that she made on a shuttle, and of course, I had a bonnet to match.”

The ladies also made hoop skirts to make the dresses look more authentic and matched the period attire of the Civil War. “We figured out the hoop would stand up better with baling wire,” Ruth said. “I had never worn such a poufy dress before.”

Many of the men listed above as participants appeared in the film made for the Shiloh National Military Park that began showing in April 1956. The film still continues to play today.

This June, over 50 years after the first re-enactment held at Brice’s Crossroads, the Civil War Center will keep with tradition and celebrate the 150th anniversary of the Battle of Brice’s Crossroads with a three-day event.

“It was a fine day and a large event for the crossroads and the community,” White said. “We not only celebrated history on that day, but we started a tradition for our community that will be carried out over the years to come.”

Old Town Creek skirmish ends Battle of Tupelo |

SPECIAL TO THE JOURNAL

On July 14-15, 1864, Maj. Gen. A.J. Smith, commanding a combined Federal force of more than 14,000 men, had advanced south from Tennessee.

This was the Federal’s second attempt to ensure that Maj. Gen. Nathan B. Forrest and his cavalry did not raid Maj. Gen. William T. Sherman’s Federal railroad lifeline in Middle Tennessee and, thereby prevent supplies from reaching him in his campaign against Atlanta.

Maj. Gen. Sherman ordered A. J. Smith “to make up a force in Memphis and go out to follow Forrest, to the death, if it cost 10,000 lives and breaks the Treasury.”

Both Forrest and Gen. Stephen D. Lee, commanding the Confederate Department of Alabama, Mississippi and East Louisiana, knew Smith would try to bring the Confederates to battle.

They planned to await

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BATTLE OF HARRISBURG/TUPELO

BY KAYLA CARPENTER

• Principal Commanders: Maj. Gen. A.J. Smith [US]; Lt. Gen. Stephen D. Lee and Maj. Gen. Nathan Bedford Forrest [CS] • Forces Engaged: 1st and 3rd Infantry Divisions and Cavalry Division, XVI Army Corps, and 1st Brigade, U.S. Colored Troops (14,000) [US]; Department of Alabama, Mississippi, and East Louisiana [CS] • Estimated Casualties: 1,948 total (US 648; CS 1,300) attack in a strongly fortified position in Okolona.

Gen. Smith moved into Tupelo believing he could take the town and gain a hold on the Mobile and Ohio Railroad, but also force the Confederates to attack him, in a fortified position.

Forrest realized what was happening, and hurried his main force to attack the long Union column. The Confederates began a series of disorganized charges against the Federal position. These attacks were beaten back and the Confederates suffered heavy losses without gaining any success.

After dark on the 14th,

the Confederates made another attack from the south without significant effect.

Although his troops had repulsed several Confederate attacks, Gen. Smith was alarmed. The heat and lack of food – other than coffee and worm-infested hardtack – and the low ammunition supply made for a rough time.

At 2 p.m. on July 15, after skirmishing with Confederates on the western and southern fronts, the Federals began marching north in the direction of Memphis.

They marched four miles and crossed to the north side of Old Town

NATIONAL PARK SERVICE

Creek and camped in the late afternoon. At 5 p.m., from a commanding ridge south of Old Town Creek,

Confederate forces surprised Smith’s troops with artillery and infantry fire.

The Federals scrambled

and formed a line that pushed the Confederates off the ridge and forced them to retreat to Harris-

Key events of the Civil War NOV. 1860

• 6 – Abraham Lincoln elected president.

DEC. 1860

• 20 – South Carolina secedes from the Union.

APRIL 1861

• 15 – Lincoln issues proclamation calling for 75,000 militiamen.

• 15 – Robert E. Lee is offered command of the Union Army.

Lee declines.

JAN. 1861

• 9 – Mississippi secedes from the Union. Florida, Alabama, Georgia, Louisiana and Texas follow in the coming weeks.

• 21 – Jefferson Davis, of Mississippi, resigns his seat in the U.S. Senate.

APRIL 1861

• 17 – Virginia secedes from the Union, followed within five weeks by Arkansas, Tennessee and North Carolina, thus forming an 11-state Confederacy with the other states that had seceded earlier.

• 19 – Lincoln orders blockade against Southern ports.

FEB. 1861

• 9 – Confederate States of America is formed in Montgomery, Ala., the provisional capital of the Confederacy; Jefferson Davis elected provisional Confederate president.

MAY 1861

• 20 – Richmond is named new Confederate capital.

MARCH 1861

• 4 – Abraham Lincoln inaugurated President of the United States.

JULY 1861

• 21 – Union army suffers defeat at Manassas (Bull Run), 25 miles southwest of Washington, D.C. • 27 – George B. McClellan appointed commander of the Army of the Potomac.

APRIL 1861

• 12 – Confederates under Gen. Pierre Beauregard open fire on Fort Sumter in Charleston, S.C. harbor.

• 13 – Fort Sumter surrenders.

OCT. 1961

• 21 – Battle of Ball’s Bluff (Leesburg), Va.

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Long-ago event started rich, ongoing tradition

| SUNDAY, JUNE 8, 2014

DAILY JOURNAL

The Battle of Booneville The Battle of Booneville was fought on July 1, 1862. Two days prior, Union Colonel Philip Sheridan established pickets, which proved to be a sound defense when attacked by Confederate troops. Union troops were advantageously armed with a new revolving rifle, whereas the Confederate troops were armed with single-shot weapons. During the fighting, which included hand-to-hand combat, additional Union forces attacked the Confederate troops from the rear, forcing them to retreat. After encountering swampy terrain, Sheridan called off the pursuit.

The Cunningham house On June 9, 1864, the night before the Battle of Brice’s Crossroads, Confederate General Nathan Bedford Forrest stayed at The Cunningham House, where he planned his victorious attack.

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THE BATTLE OF CROSSROADS IN CORINTH Control of the crossing of two railways, Memphis & Charleston and Mobile & Ohio, was the objectives of two battles, the Battle of Shiloh and the Battle of Corinth. Located there is the Crossroads Museum, which has permanent exhibits for Civil War history, aviation, business & industry and archeology.

CORINTH CIVIL WAR INTERPRTIVE CENTER Operated by the National Park Service, the Corinth Civil War Interpretive Center is located at the site of a Union fort attacked viciously by Confederate soldiers during the Battle of Corinth. The Corinth Civil War Interpretive Center serves to help visitors better understand Corinth's role in the Civil War and to preserve the history in and around Corinth.

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Many African Americans seeking freedom found refuge at Union occupied Corinth. Enlisted by Union General Grenville Dodge, the refugees worked various important jobs at the camp. The Corinth Contraband Camp was organized similarly to a small town, even including a church, school, hospital and homes.

An annual event in Corinth for the past four years, in November 12,000 luminaries will light Corinth in honor of the casualties at the Battle of Corinth. There will also be a Civil War Encampment at the Civil War Interpretive Center and many downtown merchants will hold their Christmas Open Houses.

Waits is the oldest retail business in Corinth, founded in 1865, by a Civil War soldier who fought in the Battle of Corinth and wanted to make Corinth his home. It was owned by the Waits until Mrs. Eugenia Waits died in 2005 at the age of 96.

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DAILY JOURNAL

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CIVIL WAR

SUNDAY, JUNE 8, 2014

Civil War buffs can learn much in shade of activities tent

BY KAYLA CARPENTER SPECIAL TO THE JOURNAL

One of the most vital ways history is kept alive and flowing through generations is through words.

If early settlers, soldiers, ancestors and citizens decided to forego the chance to write down or talk about their experiences and/or family stories then history would turn into a myth filled with uncertainty.

From 1861-1864, the Civil War, one of the most historically significant events in our nation took place. Now, over 150 years later, the anniversary of this iconic war is still commemorated and remembered.

The Civil War is commemorated because it was engrained in our nation through the words of our ancestors. Their words about the War Between the States fill our history books, inspire poems, provoke novels and they educate each generation.

In order to celebrate these authors and historians, Final Stands Director Edwina Carpenter has decided to host speakers and historians all day Saturday and Sunday from 9 a.m. until 2 p.m. during their three-day commemoration of the 150th anniversary of the Battles of Brice’s Crossroads and Tupelo/Harrisburg.

“We decided to do something different at this year’s event by hosting the speakers’ tent,” she said. “This is a way for us to acknowledge the hard work that these authors and historians put into sharing their knowledge of the Civil War and it allows visitors a chance to learn in a shady tent with seats while enjoying all the activities of the weekend, including the 2 p.m. re-enactments on Saturday and Sunday.

The program begins at 9 a.m. on Saturday, June 14, with author Ken Knopp who will speak about horses in the Civil War. Knopp is the author of “Confederate Saddles and Horses Equipment.” In his book, he has compiled a thorough and fascinating study of the little-known field of Confederate Saddlery and Horse Equipment. This book is an indispensable resource for collectors and historians.

The event then continues at 10 a.m. with a program

by Beverly Simpson titled, “Why am I dressed like this?”

During this presentation Simpson Bennett talks about the era attire of women during the conflict, especially in the South.

“Mrs. Parson Simpson will also be participating in the civilian town set up on the battlefield where civilian re-enactors will spend the weekend living and working in historic Carrollville.

From noon to 1 p.m. historian and local history professor Stewart Bennett will provide a walking tour of the Battle of Brice’s Crossroads and discuss his book, published by The History Press, especially about the battle.

The program will then resume at 3:30 p.m. with a presentation by historian Roger Hansen who will discuss the original firearms used at Brice’s Crossroads.

At 4:30 p.m., information about Chickasaw Chief Tishomingo and his home near Bethany, which is a site on the Brice’s Crossroads/Chief Tishomingo Scenic Byway, will be provided by historian Carmon Edwards Horner.

On Sunday, beginning at 9 a.m., an 1860-era church service will be held for re-enactors and visitors in the activity or speakers’ tent. Bro. Dwayne Hamby will speak.

At 10 a.m. Brent Lokey, author of a book on Nathan Bedford Forrest, the wizard of the saddle, will speak.

At 11 a.m., Russ Hall will discuss the Confederate Medal of Honor awarded his ancestor and on display at the interpretive center.

Author and historian Tom Parson will discuss the Battle of Tupelo/Harrisburg and Old Town Creek at noon. The re-enactment of the Battle of Tupelo will be hosted by Cleburne’s Division at 2 p.m. at the intersection of CR 833 and CR 503 on the original Brice’s Crossroads battlefield.

All visitors are encouraged to attend these presentations and speeches held throughout the day.

DAILY JOURNAL

Hiking trail with rich history still sees much use

BY KAYLA CARPENTER SPECIAL TO THE JOURNAL

For at least 25 years, thousands of Boy Scouts, Girl Scouts and civic groups have brought youth from as far away as Texas and Louisiana to hike at the Brice’s Crossroads battlefield site.

To this day former Scouts bring new generations of children back to the trail in order to show them a piece of their childhood as well as a piece of history.

Claude Gentry served as the operator of the trail. Gentry also served as the operator of the Brice’s Crossroads Museum on Hwy 145 in Baldwyn. He built a log cabin to serve as the museum and opened it in 1961 as a showplace for relics from the Brice’s battlefield and collections of days gone by in Baldwyn and the surrounding area.

Gentry had long been a driving force in the historical interpretation of Brice’s Crossroads. He opened the doors to his museum, which was also located next door to his home, after constructing it in a pioneer fashion.

The hiking trail, which was an addition to the museum, followed routes taken to the battlefield by the Confederate troops where they experienced a victory over Union forces under Brig. Gen. S. D. Sturgis on June 10, 1864.

The trail began and ended at the museum and was approximately 16 miles in length. The return route follows the back roads used

by Maj. Gen. Nathan B. Forrest in flanking the Federal troops. However, many of the roads have since been closed.

The trail was popular because it offered visitors a learning experience in an outdoor facility. Hikers used suggestions from the Boy Scout Hiking Merit badge booklet as a learning tool.

With a compass, pencil and canteens in hand, leaders and hikers enjoyed a look around the museum, purchased souvenirs, and completed an educational quiz while on the hike.

The roads passed through sparsely inhabited farmland, but included a stop at the home of Private John Allen, one of Forrest’s Confederate Scouts and later a U. S. Congressman.

Anne Spencer Cox, a descendant of Allen, lived in the home during that time. The late Joe Bishop, who had restored the home in the 1980s, later purchased it. The home was named Carrollville for the historic town in which it was built in the 1830s.

After completing the hike and answering questions provided on the “application for award,” hikers visited the museum on Highway 145 and completed a credential card containing facts about Brice’s battle and Gen. Forrest.

They then applied for medals, patches and neckerchiefs to add to their Scout uniform. These were

EDWINA CARPENTER

Baldwyn native Jimmy Cunningham visits one of the stops on the Nathan Bedford Forrest Hiking Trail at the Carrollville Cemetery where one of the discs marking the trail remains.

The roads passed through sparsely inhabited farmland, but included a stop at the home of Private John Allen, one of Forrest’s Confederate Scouts and later a U. S. Congressman. administered by the Forrest Biking Trail Committee.

Jimmy Cunningham, who was a local citizen and former volunteer at the present day Brice’s Crossroads Visitor Center, hiked the trail when he was younger.

“I remember that we started at the log cabin museum, continuing North on Fifth Street to the Carrollville house; then crossing Baldwyn-Ripley road to the old Carrollville cemetery, a marker, found nailed into a tree at the cemetery in 2005, marked it as a spot on the trial,” he said.

From the cemetery, the hikers took the present day CR 6200 to Ingram Baptist Church. Although the road has been closed, the original trail took hikers west at Ingram and came out at Norton Road where they crossed and continued west on a road now closed.

They continued through the Tapp property to the crossroads where the Curtis Tapp home stood, according to Cunningham, the trail was well worn and easy to access, but has since been closed

in several locations.

At the crossroads, Scouts would gather information for their credential card at the one-acre National Park Service Site, the Bethany cemetery, the Confederate cemetery, the markers placed in 1957 along Highway 370 and at Tishomingo Creek.

When finished the hikers enjoyed refreshment and rest at the Bethany store that was situated across from the present-day Bethany Presbyterian Church on the Pontotoc road. It was at this exact spot a majority of the fighting in the Battle of Brice’s Crossroads took place.

New trails and interpretive signs now mark the battlefield sites including Old Town Creek and a marker recognizing the Chickasaw Indians.

The old trail, remembered by so many, will not be reconstructed, at least not in the same locations.

However, many new additions, such as the creek, offer fun learning experiences for individuals of all ages.

Key events of the Civil War FEB. 1862

• 6 – Union forces under General Ulysses S. Grant capture Fort Henry on the Tennessee River.

• 16 – Fort Donelson, on the Cumberland River, unconditionally surrenders to Grant.

• 22 – Jefferson Davis inaugurated president of the Confederate States of America.

AUG. 1862

• 27 – Confederate Gen. Thomas J. “Stonewall” Jackson captures and plunders Union supply depot at Manassas Junction, Va. • 29-30 – Federals defeated at the Second Battle of Bull Run.

MARCH 1862

• 9 – Battle of Hampton Roads, otherwise known as the Battle of the Monitor and the Merrimac, ends in a draw.

• 28 – Battle at Glorieta Pass, New Mexico Territory.

SEPT. 1862

• 13 – Union soldiers near Frederick, Maryland, find misplaced copy of Lee’s Special Order No. 191.

• 17 – Battle of Antietam, the bloodiest day in American military history.

• 19 – Battle of Iuka.

• 22 – Lincoln issues preliminary Emancipation Proclamation.

• 27 – First regiment of black soldiers mustered at New Orleans.

APRIL 1862

• 6/7 – Battle of Shiloh (Pittsburg Landing).

• 16 – Slavery abolished in the District of Columbia.

• April/May – Union Army advances south from Shiloh toward Corinth.

• 24 – Union warships under Flag Officer David Farragut pass Confederate forts below New Orleans.

• 29 – Union forces begin occupying the city of New Orleans.

OCT. 1862

• 3-4 – Battle of Corinth.

• 5 – Battle of Hatchie’s Bridge (Davis’s Bridge) in Tennessee, in the aftermath of the Battle of Corinth.

• 29 – Skirmish at Island Mound, Missouri, first time U.S. Colored Troops fight as organized unit.

MAY 1862

JUNE 1862

• 30 – Confederates evacuate Corinth, Union troops move in.

• 31 – Battle of Seven Pines, near Richmond.

• 1 – Robert E. Lee assumes command of the Army of Northern Virginia.

• 12 – Confederate cavalry forces under Gen. J.E.B. Stuart begin “ride around McClellan.”

• June 25-July 1 – Seven Days battles as Lee attacks McClellan outside Richmond.

DEC. 1862

DEC. 31, 1862 to JAN. 2, 1863

• 12 – USS Cairo sunk on the Yazoo River.

• 13 – Union defeat at Fredericksburg, Va. • 20 – Confederate cavalry troops under Major Gen. Earl Van Dorn raid Holly Springs.

• 26-29 – Battle of Chickasaw Bayou, Miss.

• Battle of Stones River near Murfreesboro, Tenn.

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6E

SUNDAY, JUNE 8, 2014 |

7E

WALTER PLACE ESTATE

During the occupation of Holly Springs, Union General Ulysses Grant and his family lived at Walter Place, a grand privately-owned antebellum home that is open year round for tours. Monday Saturday, tour is at 1 pm.

VAN DORN RAID DRIVING TOUR

December 20, 1862, Confederate General Earl Van Dorn led a raid on Union General Grant's supplies that resulted in a major disruption in Grant's plans to take over Vicksburg.

HILL CREST CEMETERY

Hill Crest Cemetery is the burial site of 13 Confederate Generals, victims of the 1878 yellow fever epidemic and Hiram Revels, the 1st African American elected to the United States Senate.

Marshall County Circuit Clerk

Holly Springs is a charming town with a rich and colorful past featuring shops, art galleries, daily historic home tours, golf, camping, museums, world famous burgers at Phillips Grocery and a one of a kind shrine to Elvis you have to see to believe.

The New York Times called us “An antebellum encyclopedia” and when you visit you’ll see why.

For more information: 888-687-4765 www.visithollysprings.com

LUCY CARPENTER 128 East Van Dorn Ave. Holly Springs, MS 38635

BANK OF HOLLY SPRINGS Making More Possible

Growing to meet our customers needs!

Welcome to the Bank of Holly Springs, where southern hospitality is blended with today’s technology to provide a superior banking experience. The Bank of Holly Springs, serving the area for over 142 years, remains mindful of our commitment to our customers.

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Now

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DAILY JOURNAL

| SUNDAY, JUNE 08, 2014

DAILY JOURNAL

THE BATTLE OF IUKA

The Battle of Iuka was fought on September 19, 1862. Six days earlier, Confederate Major General Price was moving his army from Tupelo to Nashville and arrived in Iuka, where they settled and waited for another Confederate cavalry, led by Major General Earl Van Dorn, to join them. They were planning to attack Union General Grant's communication lines in west Tennessee.

However, before Van Dorn's troops could join them, Grant sent his armies to attack Price's troops. In a complex plan, Grant's troops succeeded in defeating the Confederates, who withdrew via the Fulton Road. They met with Van Dorn's cavalry in Ripley a few days later.

THE APRON MUSEUM

110 West Eastport Street Open Wednesday - Friday 9 am - 5 pm & by appointment While on tour of the Civil War sites in Iuka, stop at the Apron Museum, the only one of its kind! Take a tour through history through the perspective of America's kitchen and view the vast collection of over 1,000 aprons.

SHADY GROVE CEMETERY

Shady Grove Cemetery is the location of the mass grave of over 200 Confederate soldiers killed during the Battle of Iuka.

TISHOMINGO COUNTY ARCHIVES & HISTORY MUSEUM

203 East Quitman Street, open Tuesday - Friday 10 am - 4 pm

CAPPLEMAN’S ANTIQUES & COLLECTABLES

1619 CONSTITUTION DRIVE

IUKA, MS | 38852

662.423.9962

CAPPLEMANS.COM

We have been in business since 1975, selling a wide selection of antiques and collectables. Our store has had several additions over the years and now has almost 10,000 square feet of floor space.

Our store has a selection of glassware of all descriptions, ironware, old tools, granny ware, furniture, primitives, Victorian turn-of-the-century oak, arts and crafts, depression era and pieces from the 50’s and later. Also stoneware, and a library contianing thousands of books, variety of newspapers, magazines, comic books, paper backs, 45, 33, and 78 records. We are the largest antique store in the state and specialize in furinture restoration and refinishing. We will work with you to preserve your treasured pieces. Feel free to call us with any questions you may have.

Come visit us in beautiful Iuka.

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BATTLE OF IUKA & FARMINGTON

152 ANNIVERSARY IN 2014 ND

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8E

CIVIL WAR

DAILY JOURNAL

SUNDAY, JUNE 8, 2014

|

9E

‘Mississippi’s Last Stands’

Exhibit of Civil War battles commemorates sesquicentennial

BY EDWINA CARPENTER

“Mississippi’s Last Stands” an exhibit which interprets the Battle of Brice’s Crossroads fought June 10, 1864, and the Battle of Harrisburg/Old Town Creek fought July 13-15, 1864, will be open extra hours on June 13-15 as we commemorate the sesquicentennial of the Civil War. The exhibit, along with two films, bookstore, flag exhibit, and interactive interpretation is on display at the Visitors and Interpretive Center, 607 Grisham St., in Baldwyn.

ATLANTA CAMPAIGN

For Major General William T. Sherman, the fighting in Mississippi in the summer of 1864 was to protect the railroad carrying food and ammunition from Tennessee to his army advancing on Atlanta. In the spring of 1864, the Federal plan for war in the West was to bisect the South, and Gen. Sherman’s task was to destroy the Army of Tennessee, occupy Atlanta and march to the sea.

Early in the Atlanta Campaign, the Confederate high command contemplated attacking Sherman’s main supply line.

Maj. Gen. Nathan Bedford Forrest’s mounted infantry set out on June 1, 1864, to Russellville, Alabama, but was alerted by Maj. Gen. Stephen D. Lee of Samuel Sturgis’s intent to move from Memphis and eliminate Forrest.

Brice’s Crossroads was a brilliant tactical victory for Forrest on June 10, but the battle brought no relief to the Confederacy. Sherman forestalled an attack on the railroad by sending small commands to northern Mississippi.

On July 14-15 that summer, Forrest was held for a time in Tupelo at Harrisburg and Old Town Creek by Maj. Gen. A. J. Smith.

Lee and Forrest made a series of uncoordinated charges against the Federal position both at Harrisburg and Old Town Creek, but were repelled. The Confederates did not fight with their usual skill.

These “Last Stands” in Northeast Mississippi are the focus of new indoor and outdoor exhibits at the former Brice’s Crossroads Visitor’s and Interpretive Center and at both battlefields.

EDWINA CARPENTER

Pat Arinder, center, and friends enjoy Civil War-era music as he participates in the living history and discovery days at the Brice’s Crossroads battlefield.

look at the Civil War that will include a Civil War timeline, a memorial and remembrance wall, Mississippi in the Civil War, army definitions, and a complete story of Brice’s Crossroads and Harrisburg-Old Town Creek battles.

The exhibit will be housed in the 4,000-square-foot interpretive center complete with restrooms, bookstore, flag exhibit, video and exhibit area, and a conference room.

Funding for the original Brice’s Crossroads Center and battlefield, which opened in 1998, was a joint effort among the City of Baldwyn, Lee County Supervisors, local donations, land owners and the State of Mississippi.

At the close of the 1994 Legislative session, Mississippi legislators awarded the Brice’s Crossroads Museum Commission a $250,000 educational Enhancement Grant. Additionally, John and Paul Haynes Jr. donated the 12-acre plot where the center sits.

Jeff Roberson donated the log THE EXHIBITS cabin museum built by his Transportation Enhancement grandfather, Claude Gentry, in Act funding in the amount of 1.5 the 1960s and its contents to million dollars and administhe city, and a $23,000 grant tered through the Mississippi from the Frank Stubbs CharitaDepartment of Transportation ble Trust Fund through the Crehas been used by the museum ate Foundation, as well as and battlefield commissions to charitable donations, made the purchase, construct pull-offs, museum a reality. and interpret the Old Town In 2010, an inter-local agreeCreek site and several sites at ment, approved by the Missis1,500-acre Brice’s Crossroads sippi Secretary of State, Battlefield. This includes a site between the City of Baldwyn, trail complete with directional City of Tupelo, the Brice’s Crosssigns and a driving tour from the roads National Battlefield ComBrice’s site to Old Town Creek in mission, Lee County and the Tupelo.

Tupelo Convention and Visitor’s Visitors will enjoy a complete Bureau, resulted in the creation

EDWINA CARPENTER

Sam Agnew of Tupelo has participated in the living history and children’s discovery days at Brice’s Crossroads Battlefield for many years. He stands in front of a log cabin, much like the one where his ancestor, the Rev. Samuel Agnew, lived when he moved here with his parents in 1852 and settled at White House Ridge, a site on the battle driving tour. of the Civil War Center Board and Visitor’s Center for both battles that opened in May 2011.

The Mississippi Last Stands Civil War board now operates the center and the Brice’s

Crossroads National Battlefield Commission manages the battlefields.

The center is open 9 a.m. -5 p.m. Tuesday through Saturday.

Admission is $5 for adults, and children under 7 years old get in

free. Group rates are available.

For more information, contact Edwina Carpenter at (662) 3653969 or e-mail at bcr.edwina@gmail.com. Website address is www.final stands.com.

Key events of the Civil War JAN. 1863

• 1 – Lincoln issues Emancipation Proclamation.

• 29 – General Grant is placed in command of federal troops in the western theater, with orders to capture Vicksburg.

JUNE 1863

• 7 – Battle of Milliken’s Bend, La.

MARCH 1863

• 3 – U.S. Congress enacts a draft.

• 12-19 – Battle of Fort Pemberton, at Greenwood, Miss.

• 14 – Confederate batteries at Port Hudson fire on Union squadron sinking USS Mississippi.

• 24 – Union amphibious expedition skirmishes with Confederates at Steele’s Bayou, Miss.

JULY 1863

• 1-3 – Battle of Gettysburg, a major Union victory.

• 4 – Vicksburg, the last Confederate stronghold on the Mississippi River, surrenders to Gen. Grant after a six-week siege.

APRIL 1863

• April 17-May 2 – Union Col. Benjamin Grierson’s raid from La Grange, Tenn. through Mississippi to Baton Rouge, La. • 29 – Battle of Grand Gulf, Miss.

JULY 1863

• 4 – Lee’s forces begin retreat from Gettysburg.

• 13-16 – Anti-draft riots in New York City.

• 18 – Assault on Fort Wagner in South Carolina by the 54th Massachusetts Regiment, a unit of black soldiers.

MAY 1863

• 1 – Battle of Port Gibson, Miss.

• 1-4 – Confederates decisively win Battle of Chancellorsville, but famed Rebel Gen. Stonewall Jackson is mortally wounded.

• 10 – Stonewall Jackson dies.

• 14 – Fighting at Jackson, Miss.

AUGUST 1863

• 8 – Robert E. Lee offers to resign as commander of the Army of Northern Virginia.

SEPT. 1863

• 19-20 – Confederate victory at Chickamauga, in northern Georgia.

MAY 1863

• 16 – Battle of Champion Hill, Miss.

• 17 – Battle of Big Black River Bridge, Miss.

• 19 – First Union assault on Vicksburg.

• 22 – Second assault on Vicksburg.

NOV. 1863

• 19 – Lincoln delivers the Gettysburg Address.

• 23-25 – The Confederate siege of Chattanooga is broken

by Grant’s forces.

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SPECIAL TO THE JOURNAL

| SUNDAY, JUNE 8, 2014

CIVIL WAR IN NEW ALBANY

DAILY JOURNAL

In a letter to her parents Elizabeth Jane Beach, wife and mother, of New Albany, writes:

Union Col. Benjamin Grierson

New Albany, Mississippi, was one of the early stops of Grierson’s Raid of 1863, considered by scholars as the most successful raid during the Civil War. It is considered the year of desolation by the residents of north Mississippi. The people on the home front were on the front lines of this raid designed

by General Ulysses S. Grant to divert men and supplies from the siege of Vicksburg. The raid was successful in helping ‘breaking the spine’ of the Confederacy with the fall of Vicksburg.

Starting in April 1863, Col. Benjamin Grierson, a music teacher from Illinois who was afraid of horses, left La Grange, Tennessee, with 1700 horse soldiers. They rode more than 600 miles through the middle of Mississippi, the bread basket of the Confederacy, and hostile territory. Losing very little, Grierson gained a lot for the Union. He won a generalship for his success on this raid.

Col. Grierson crossed the Tallahatchie River in New Albany April 18, 1863, at three major points of crossing. An attempt was made to burn the bridge at New Albany and there was a skirmish. The raiders then rode to Pontotoc and points south.

Homes and villages were destroyed, home guards were killed and captured and supplies and sustenance were stolen and destroyed, rails were also destroyed. New Albany was burned and the Battle of Mud Creek, in the southwest corner of what is now Union County, was fought about two weeks before the fall of Vicksburg.

“Dear Mother ….Smith's headquarters were at Bonds and Grierson's (sic) at Hill's. I can't begin to tell you how they treated everybody. We heard they were coming before they got here, . . . My house, garden, yard, and orchard were thronged with them all the time, toting off corn and fodder, chickens, vegetables, cooking utensils, and everything they could find, searching my house over and over. I had a great many nice young chickens, just large enough to fry. They caught them as they all went down and when they came back took all the old hens and roosters. I now have five old hens. That is my amount of chickens. They took everything they could find that we had to eat, such as chickens, vegetables, shotes (sic), and milk, but I had everything else hid even to my salt and lard and they did not happen to find it . . .. They did not take any of my clothes except pocket handkerchiefs. They got them all and would have taken our dresses if we had not fought over them soon as they pulled them out. I would take from them and throw them to Sarah…. She said she would fight over them a long time before they got them….

Grierson was not stopped. He slipped right through the very heart of Mississippi and six weeks later Vicksburg fell on July 4, 1863. This was the turning point in the war. There is an exhibit on this Civil War activity at the Union County Heritage Museum at 114 Cleveland Street in New Albany.

Some geocachers follow the path of Grierson’s Raid today.

There is a cache in New Albany near the Union County Heritage Museum that is one of several designating this famous Civil War raid that helped turn the tide of the war.

Information courtesy of the Union County Heritage Museum.

LATHAM’S Hamburger Inn 106 Main St. New Albany

S

City of New Albany

We invite you to experience New Albany - This Fair and Friendly City, in Northeast Mississippi offers the opportunity to stroll nature trails along the Tallahatchie River, browse through shops in historic downtown, take in a baseball game at the Sportsplex, visit a museum, or enjoy local festivals.

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VAN ATKINS JEWELRY MISSISSIPPI’S LEADER IN ESTATE JEWELRY AND DIAMOND SOLITAIRES

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10E

DAILY JOURNAL

SUNDAY, JUNE 8, 2014 |

11E

Union General William T. Sherman and his troops occupied College Hill Presbyterian Church as their headquarters in Oxford.

OXFORD COURTHOUSE Burned by Union General Sherman in 1864, this structure was re-built after the Civil War ended.

VENTRESS HALL This Tiffany stained glass window was placed in Ventress Hall to honor the University Greys, Ole Miss student soldiers who died fighting at the Battle of Gettysburg.

Oxford-Lafayette County Chamber of Commerce 299 West Jackson Ave. P.O. Box 147, Oxford, MS 38655 Phone: 662-234-4651 http://oxfordms.com

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COLLEGE HILL PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH

| SUNDAY, JUNE 8, 2014

DAILY JOURNAL

Erected in 1836, Cedars is one of the oldest plantations in the county.

BOARDTOWN

Originally know as Boardtown, Starkville was settled in the early 1830's and became the seat of Oktibbeha County in 1835, although the Mississippi Legislature did not incorporate it as a town until 1837.

GRIERSON’S RAID

Junction Highway 12 and Louisville Street, Starkville. Union Col. B.F. Grierson’s cavalry rode into town April 21, 1863, destroyed Rebel property and confiscated livestock.

Grierson's Raid was a Union cavalry raid during the Vicksburg Campaign of the American Civil War. It ran from April 17 to May 2, 1863, as a diversion from Maj. Gen. Ulysses S. Grant's main attack plan on Vicksburg, Mississippi.

Grierson and his 1,700 horse troopers rode over six hundred miles through hostile territory (from southern Tennessee, through the state of Mississippi and to Union-held Baton Rouge, Louisiana), over routes no Union soldier had traveled before.

They tore up railroads and burned crossties, freed slaves, burned Confederate storehouses, destroyed locomotives and commissary stores, ripped up bridges and trestles, burned buildings, and inflicted ten times the casualties they received, all while detachments of his troops made feints confusing the Confederates as to his actual whereabouts and direction. Total casualties for Grierson's Brigade were three killed, seven wounded, and nine missing. Five sick and wounded men were left behind along the route, too ill to continue.

STARKVILLE CIVIL WAR ARSENAL

Located in Starkville, Mississippi, the arsenal is a private collection of Civil War field artillery carriages open for public viewing by appointment (662-3232606 evenings). The Starkville arsenal is one of only three locations in the country where you can view all of the specialized artillery rolling stock at the same time in one place. There is no admission fee to the arsenal but donations are welcomed to help with the operating and maintenance costs.

New England Fall Foliage Tour

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September 22-25, 2014 4 Days

October 3-12, 2014 10 Days

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PRICE PER PERSON: Single $3170 • Double $2390 Triple $2120 • Quad $1960

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3 night’s accommodations in suburb of Chicago Chicago Tour Guide City Highlights tour Lunch at the Walnut Room at Macy’s Tour of Macy’s (formerly Marshall Fields) Visit to Navy Pier Admission to the John Hancock Observatory Free time to shop along Michigan Avenue – Chicago’s Magnificent Mile ”Gangster Tour” Dinner & Show at Tommy Gun’s Garage Lake Michigan Architectural River Cruise 3 Breakfasts 2 Dinners at local restaurant in Chicago

Land Between the Lakes October 24-26, 2014 3 Days

Trip Includes:

Niagara Falls Festival of Lights

A Smokey Mountain New Year’s Eve

December 1-6, 2014 6 Days

PRICE PER PERSON: Single $585 • Double $460 Triple $420 Quad $400

* Land Between the Lakes Recreation Area * The Home Place - enter a rural Tennessee farm much as it would have appeared in the mid-19th century. * Woodlands Nature Station - nature experiences in the indoor discovery center & the live wildlife Backyard exhibit * The Elk & Bison Prairie - Elk and Bison have been reintroduced and roam freely within a 700-acre enclosure * Dinner at Bill’s Restaurant in the Patti’s 1880 Settlement * The 3 Seasons Music Show at Badgett Playhouse. * ”Civil War Letters” at Badgett Playhouse * Museum of the American Quilt – Paducah, KY * Lunch at C.C. Cohen Restaurant – Paducah, KY * The River Heritage Museum – Paducah, KY * Shopping at Patti’s 1880’s Settlement * Free time in Downtown Paducah, KY

New York City Broadway Play – Matinee New Hampshire Fall Foliage along the Kancamagus Highway The Castle in the Clouds – Moultonborough, NH Long View County Store – Great New Hampshire products Squam Lake Natural Science Center – Holderness, NH Boat Tours of Squam Lake (“On Golden Pond” was filmed here) Two (2) nights lodging at the Franconia Inn – Franconia, NH Maple Grove Maple Museum & Gift Shop in St. Johnsbury, VT The Shelburne Museum – Shelburne, VT Roosevelt National Historic Sites Springwood – Home of FDR & Presidential Library Natural Bridge, VA - Creation Light Show Chattanooga, TN 7 Breakfasts & 5 Dinners (two Gourmet Dinners at the Franconia Inn & two Breakfasts at the Franconia Inn)

December 29, 2014 - January 1, 2015 4 Days

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You will need a passport & need to call your cell phone provider and get minutes for a foreign country if you plan to use your cell phone.

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* Lodging in Cincinnati, OH (to & from Niagara Falls) * Three nights lodging in Niagara Falls, Ontario * Three buffet breakfasts * Skylon Tower Dinner * ”Oh Canada Eh” Holiday Dinner Show * Tour of Niagara Falls Area * IMAX Movie – “Niagara – Miracles, Myths & Magic” * Niagara-on-the-Lake featuring a winery tour with sampling * Chocolate FX (Factory tour & sampling) * Festival of Lights Tour * Local escort

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141 WEST BANKHEAD ST • NEW ALBANY www.barkleytravel.com

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12E

CIVIL WAR

DAILY JOURNAL

SUNDAY, JUNE 8, 2014

|

13E

Role of AfricanAmerican soldiers to receive greater emphasis Harrisburg in 1864.

After spending two days visiting the 1,500-acre batSites associated with tlefield site at Brice’s, and Brice’s Crossroads Nareviewing research protional Battlefield were vided by staff at the Misrecognized as significant sissippi’s Final Stands regional heritage tourism Interpretive Center, Walker assets during the recent presented a detailed draft State of the Region meet- including a conceptual ing hosted by the CREATE site plan, interpretive panfoundation. els and suggestions for Regional profiles and connecting the site with goals were discussed by an existing trail system.

Mike Clayborne, presiDuring a presentation dent of the CREATE Foun- on his third day of his dation; Glenn visit, Walker said, “We McCullough, chairman of wanted to find one key the Commission on the site and apply the princiFuture of Northeast Misples for historic site ensissippi; Bill Johnson, hancements we created as president and CEO of part of the Management TVA; Dr. Carey Wright, Plan, and Brice’s CrossMississippi State Superin- roads National Battlefield tendent of Education; and site was chosen because it Phil Walker with the hit two of our major interWalker Collaborative in pretive themes.’’

Nashville, who high“The role of the Union’s lighted the value of culblack troops is part of the tural heritage tourism. interpretive exhibit at Walker, a consultant to Mississippi’s Final Stands, the Mississippi Hills Her- but we want to enhance itage Area Alliance, exboth the exhibits and the plained the numerous site where the action ocbenefits of heritage curred on the field,” said tourism at the annual Center Director Edwina gathering of business and Carpenter. Members of community leaders from the U.S.C.T. guarded the Northeast Mississippi 250 ambulances and wagheld at the BancorpSouth ons brought to the battleConference Center. field at Brice’s and served Walker explained that as rear-guard during the heritage tourists spend rout and retreat at more money than other Tishomingo Creek and types of tourists, and along CR 166 and beyond. stated the major interpreAccording to the plan, a tive themes for the Missis- five-acre site on CR 166 in sippi Hills National Union County will be purHeritage Area include the chased, with the finished Civil War, Native Ameriattraction including three can heritage, Africaninterpretive panels, parkAmerican heritage and ing spaces and a monuthe arts, specifically ment to the troops. The music and literature. proposed memorial will The heritage area repre- honor units of the 55th and sents a framework within 59th U.S. Colored Infantry which the entire region and Co. F of the 2nd United can embrace historic States Colored Artillery. preservation and “The center has intertourism-related economic preted the black soldiers development. “In short, since its beginning,” Carheritage tourism is about penter said,” but recent identifying all of your reincreased interest of desources, packaging them, scendants and documenbranding them and protation shared by them has moting them,” Walker prompted the staff to emsaid during his presentaphasize their role.” tion.

Carpenter added that As part of the Manageshe hopes to secure priment Plan for the heritage vate contributions and area, Walker developed a pursue grants to fund the concept plan to add a project. tour stop to the Brice’s For more information Crossroads battlefield on the center and battletour to commemorate the fields, contact Carpenter brave action of United at (662) 365-3969 or visit States Colored Troops www.finalstands.com.

(U.S.C.T.) who fought at The center is open 9 a.m. the Battles of Brice’s until 5 p.m. Tuesday-SatCrossroads and Tupelourday.

BY KAYLA CARPENTER

PHOTO BY JIM GRISHAM

Members of the Cleburne division of re-enactors take part in the 2009 re-enactment of the Battle of Brice’s Crossroads.

Cleburne’s Division

Nationally known re-enactors to host 150th commemoration pearances at the 150th Anniversary of Gettysburg and 150th Re-enactor hosts of this year’s Chickamauga.

150th anniversary commemoraCleburne’s Division has also astion of the Battles of Tupelo/Harsumed Confederate command of risburg and Brice’s Crossroads will successful recent national events be Cleburne’s Division of Re-enacross the country including Twin actors.

Rivers 2010, Wilson’s Creek 2011, This group of dedicated and Shiloh 2012, Vicksburg/Raymond professional ‘soldiers’ operates 2012, and Brice’s Crossroads in events nationwide and prepare 2009. well in advance for the success of Founders Joe and Mark Way, who the events for spectators and par- established Cleburne’s several years ticipants. ago, get almost daily inquiries from Cleburne’s Division of Re-enac- interested parties, and Cleburne’s tors, Inc. is an Internal Revenue Division is now one of the largest Service-recognized 501(c)3 organ- companies of re-enactors in the ization incorporated in the state United States. The division has atof Alabama for the purpose of ed- tracted a diverse group of men and ucating, as living historians, the women that includes doctors, general public about the Civil War. lawyers and historians.

Cleburne’s Division was begun “We want every participant to in order to bind together “likebe in proper attire,” said Joe Way. minded” re-enactors who pro“Women and teens are welcome mote Civil War events across the to be part of our event as long as country with recent successful ap- their interpretation is historiSPECIAL TO THE JOURNAL

cally accurate.

“We hope to enhance the love history and the hobby and to create a desire to honor the dead and the fallen ones on both sides.”

Another factor that sets Cleburne’s apart from other units is the war college where members learn to employ the same tactics used by their ancestors 150 years ago.

Like a successful business, various tasks are assigned to individual officers to keep the organization running like a welloiled machine.

These principles, combined with superb management skills, assures spectators are treated to camp life, living historian demonstrations, and encampments that bring the dark days of the Civil War to life.

For more information visit the Cleburne’s Division website at www.cleburnes-division.com.

Bethany Presbyterian Church Associate Reformed Synod SPECIAL TO THE JOURNAL

The Bethany Presbyterian Church was organized by the Memphis Presbytery of the Associate Reformed Synod on June 2, 1852.

The Rev. James L. Young of Providence Church, Laurens District, South Carolina, and his congregation of 25 members began worshiping in a log building owned by the Methodist Church which was situated just behind the Bethany Historic Cemetery.

In 1852, the congregation built the unceiled plank building that was standing at the time of the battle. From the cessation of fighting on June 10 until the last Sunday in July, the battle-scarred church was

closed to public worship and served as a Union hospital On Saturday, June 14, in celebration of the 162-year history of the church and the 150th commemoration of the Battle of Brice’s Crossroads, the church will open its doors for a tour of the sanctuary where a communion table will be

set as it would have been in 1864.

Docents will be on hand to share the history of the church and explain the traditional communion service of that time. The Bethany Presbyterian church will observe “A Time of Remembrance” from June 10 until July 27.

On July 27, a commemorative service of celebrating the reopening of the church will begin with the replacement of the black drape on the cross with the green drape signifying an “ordinary” day of worship on the liturgical calendar.

The Bethany Presbyterian Church has had a long tradition of service to the community and looks forward to many more years of worship.

Key events of the Civil War JAN. 1864

• 18 – Skirmish at Grand Gulf, Miss.

FEB. 1864

• 3 – Union Gen. William T. Sherman begins Meridian campaign in Mississippi.

• 14-20 – Battle of Meridian.

• 22 – Fight at Okolona.

• 24 – Skirmish near Canton, Miss.

JULY 1864

• 14 – Battle of Tupelo (Harrisburg).

• 22 – Battle of Atlanta.

• 30 – Battle of The Crater, at Petersburg.

MARCH 1864

• 9 – Lincoln appoints Grant lieutenant general, commander of all the armies of the United States.

• 10 – Red River campaign begins in Louisiana.

• 25 – Attack on Paducah, Ky., by forces under Confederate General Nathan Bedford Forrest.

AUG. 1864

• 5 – Battle of Mobile Bay, Ala.

SEPT. 1864

• 1 – Confederate forces evacuate Atlanta.

• 2 – Sherman’s forces occupy Atlanta.

APRIL 1864

• 12 – General Forrest captures Fort Pillow, Tenn.

MAY 1864

• 4 – Beginning of a massive coordinated offensive campaign of all the Union armies.

OCT. 1864

• 30 – Skirmish at Muscle Shoals, Alabama.

MAY 1864

• 5-6 – Battle of the Wilderness.

• 7 – Sherman begins his Atlanta campaign.

• 8-21 – Battle of Spotsylvania Court House, Va. • 11 – J.E.B. Stuart mortally wounded at Battle of Yellow Tavern, Va. • 12 – Stuart dies in Richmond.

NOV. 1864

• 8 – Lincoln is re-elected president, defeating Democrat George McClellan.

• 15 – Sherman, after having destroyed much of Atlanta, begins March to the Sea.

JUNE 1864

• 1-3 – Battle of Cold Harbor, Va. • 10 – Battle of Brice’s Crossroads, a Confederate victory.

• Mid-June – Nine-month siege of Petersburg begins.

DEC. 1864

• 15-16 – Confederate Army of Tennessee, now under Gen. John Bell Hood, is effectively wrecked at the Battle of Nashville.

• Mid-December – Sherman’s forces gather near Savannah, Ga., having left a 300-mile path of ruin 60-miles wide all the way from Atlanta.

• 28 – Engagement near Egypt, Miss.

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SPECIAL TO THE JOURNAL

SUNDAY, JUNE 8, 2014

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THOMAS WELLS

A Confederate mass grave lies inside the Bethany Historic Cemetery on the Brice’s Crossroads battlefield.

Bethany Historic Cemetery tour will be June 14 SPECIAL TO THE JOURNAL

The Bethany Historic Cemetery, located on the Brice’s Crossroads battlefield, will host a self-guided or docent-guided walk through the 161-year-old burial place and Confederate mass grave that includes the mortally wounded from the Battle of Brice’s Crossroads on June 10, 1864.

Guests will learn to look beyond the stones and into the stories of the men and women who molded the community as well as soldiers

who died to preserve a way of life.

Visitors will visit the grave of founding minister of the Bethany A.R.P. church; one of the known Confederate soldiers, Hardin Gilbert; founding families and others.

Admission to the cemetery tour will be by donations to be used by the recently established Bethany Historic Cemetery board of directors for restoration.

The Bethany A.R.P. church will be open for tours including a history of the church and 1860s com-

munion table, as well.

Parking area including handicapped parking will be available near the site.

The church was organized June 5, 1852 and the oldest known grave is marked 1853. The cemetery is located five miles west of Baldwyn on Highway 370 west at the intersection of Highway 370 and CR 833.

For more information, contact the Mississippi’s Final Stands Interpretive Center at (662) 365-3969, email at bcr.edwina@gmail.com or finalstands.com.

The 52nd Regimental String Band from Memphis will perform at the 1864-era ball and dance.

COURTESY

Memphis string band to perform at ball Formed in 1990, and based in Memphis, Tennessee, the 52nd BALDWYN – The 52nd RegiRegimental String Band has promental String Band will perform vided Civil War-era music and enat the 1864-era ball and dance at 8 tertainment to audiences from p.m. Saturday night, June 14 in the Iowa to Georgia and Virginia to Activities Tent.

Louisiana.

The five-piece band will play a Dressing in reproduction Civil variety of dance songs as well as War-era clothes, these talented retunes from the 1860s. Re-enactors enactors use “period type” instruwill dance and the public is inments and vocals to perform a vited to attend. variety of songs of the 19th cenSPECIAL TO THE JOURNAL

FILE

tury including military songs, parlor songs and minstrel songs.

The 52nd Regimental String Band placed first in one category as well as second place in two other categories in the Dixie Broadcasting WDXB Southern Heritage Music Awards.

For more information, visit www.finalstands.com, email bcr.edwina@gmail.com or call (662) 365-3969.

William F. Cody, also known as Buffalo Bill, was present at the Battle of Tupelo/Harrisburg.

‘Buffalo Bill’

Legendary hunter served as Army scout at Battle of Tupelo/Harrisburg

BY KAYLA CARPENTER SPECIAL TO THE JOURNAL

William F. “Buffalo Bill” Cody, legendary hunter, entertainer and Army scout, was present at the Battle of Tupelo/Harrisburg fought July 13-15, 1864.

Cody served as a scout for Gen. A.J. Smith in the 7th Kansas regiment while in Mississippi.

“In January 1864, the Seventh Kansas Volunteers came to Leavenworth from the South, where they had been fighting since the early years of the war. I enlisted as a private among old friends and school mates,” Cody wrote in his autobiography.

“In March of 1864, the regiment was embarked on steamboats and sent to Memphis where I joined the command of Gen. Smith who was organizing an army to fight the Confederate General Forrest.

While mobilizing near Memphis, Col. Herrick recommended me to Gen. Smith for membership in a picked corps to be used for duty as scouts, since I had a history as a plainsman,” Cody added.

Smith showed Cody a map of Tennessee, and said his best information was that the Confederate General was headquartered in Okolona, Mississippi.

“He instructed me to disguise myself as a Tennessee boy, to provide myself with a farm horse from the camp, and try to locate Forrest’s main command. I followed a map of a wagon

road he planned to follow, so I could find him upon my return,” Cody wrote.

“At the end of a few days, I saw that I was near a large body of troops in Mississippi. I entered the camps under my disguise, and learned of Forrest’s plans. When I returned on the wagon road and approached Smith, he was pleased with my report.

After 12 years, I finally convinced Gen. Smith that the fashion I employed in Indian fighting was pretty correct,” he wrote.

Born near LeClaire, in Scott County, Iowa, on Feb. 26, 1846, Cody worked for a freight company as a messenger and wrangler before trying his luck as a prospector in the Pikes Peak gold rush in 1859. The next year, at age 14, Cody joined the Pony Express, fitting the bill for the advertised position: “skinny, expert riders willing to risk death daily.”

After serving in the American Civil War, in 1867 he began buffalo hunting (to feed construction crews building railroads), which would give him the nickname that would define him forever.

In 1868, Cody returned to his work for the Army as chief of scouts (and his ongoing work with the military garnered him the Congressional Medal of Honor in 1872, which was subsequently stripped and then reinstated), all the while becoming a national folk hero thanks to the dime-novel exploits of his alter ego, “Buffalo Bill.”

Key events of the Civil War JAN. 1865

• 31 – U.S. Congress approves 13th Amendment to abolish slavery.

APRIL 1865

• 14 – Lincoln is shot while watching a play in a theater in downtown Washington. He dies the following morning.

• 18 – Confederate Gen. Joseph E. Johnston and Sherman sign armistice near Durham, N.C.

FEB. 1865

• 1 – Sherman’s march through the Carolinas “in full swing.”

MAY 1865

• 4 – Lincoln is buried at Oak Ridge Cemetery outside Springfield, Ill. • 10 – Jefferson Davis is captured by U.S. troops at Irwinville, Ga.

MARCH 1865

• 4 – Lincoln inaugurated for a second term. Delivers “Second Inaugural Address” signaling a magnanimous Reconstruction policy.

• 13 – Jefferson Davis signs law authorizing black men to serve in the Confederate army.

• 27 – Lincoln meets with Grant and Sherman at City Point, Va.

MAY 1865

• 12-13 – Skirmish at Palmito Ranch, Texas, the last armed engagement of the Civil War. • May – Remaining Confederate forces surrender. The Civil War ends.

APRIL 1865

• 2 – Lee’s army evacuates Petersburg after long siege.

Richmond, the Confederate capital, is evacuated.

• 3 – Federal troops occupy Petersburg and Richmond.

NOV. 1865

• 10 – Henry Wirz, the commandant of the notorious Confederate prison in Andersonville, Georgia, is executed for war crimes.

APRIL 1865

• 4 – Lincoln tours Richmond, visits Confederate White House and sits briefly at the desk of Jefferson Davis.

• 9 – Lee surrenders the Army of Northern Virginia to Grant at Appomattox Court House.

DEC. 1865

• 6 – Thirteenth Amendment to the Constitution is ratified.

Slavery is abolished.

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CIVIL WAR

DAILY JOURNAL

| SUNDAY, JUNE 8, 2014

DAILY JOURNAL

THE BATTLE OF TUPELO JULY 14-15, 1864

Union troops, under the command of General Andrew Smith were attacked by Confederates, commanded jointly by Lt. General Stephen Lee and Major General Nathan Bedford Forrest.

Smith had been ordered by Union General William T. Sherman to prevent Forrest from threatening Sherman's supply lines, which were vulnerable after the Union loss at the Battle of Brice's Crossroads.

His troops arrived days earlier in Pontotoc from LaGrange, Tennessee while Forrest's troops were near Okolona. Forrest had been ordered by General Stephen Lee not to attack until his reinforcements arrived. Fearing an ambush, the Union troops moved east toward Tupelo. On the morning of July 14, though the Union troops were attacked from the left and the right, the Confederate troops lacked coordination, and after a few hours of fighting, Lee called off the attack. Smith did not pursue the Confederates and returned to LaGrange, Tennessee, with his mission to protect the supply lines accomplished.

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