Week 2 / Weekly Lesson Spanish III / Spring 2022
Articles, Nouns, and Adjectives Fernando Botero
Jorge A. Hernandez Camacho
Spanish Instructor Western New Mexico University
Nouns, Articles, and Adjectives The Gender of Nouns and the Definite Article A noun is a person, place, or thing. In Spanish, all nouns are either masculine or feminine. In Spanish, the definite article (in English “the”) agrees with the noun in gender (masculine or feminine) and number (singular or plural): el, la, los, las.
Singular Nouns Masculine The masculine singular noun takes the definite article el. Most nouns that end in -o are masculine. Pronounce the following words aloud. el amigo
the friend
el libro
the book
el banco
the bank
el muchacho
the boy
el baño
the bathroom
el niño
the little boy
el carro
the car
el perro
the dog
el gato
the cat
el teléfono
the telephone
Many masculine nouns do not end in -o; therefore, it is necessary to learn each noun with its article. el animal
the animal
el hospital
the hospital
el café
the coffee
el hotel
the hotel
el doctor
the doctor
el tomate
the tomato
el hombre
the man
el tren
the train
Some masculine nouns end in -a or -ma. el clima
the climate
el planeta
the planet
el día
the day
el poema
the poem
el drama
the drama
el problema
the problem
el idioma
the language
el programa
the program
el mapa
the map
el sistema
the system
Feminine The feminine singular noun takes the definite article la. Most nouns that end in -a are feminine. Pronounce the following words aloud. Source: Bregstein, Barbara. Complete Spanish Step-by-Step (Spanish Edition) . McGraw-Hill Education. Kindle Edition.
la amiga
the friend
la blusa
the blouse
la bolsa
the bag
la cama
the bed
la cerveza
the beer
la comida
the food
la hermana
the sister
la iglesia
the church
la lámpara
the lamp
la mesa
the table
la muchacha
the girl
la niña
the little girl
la persona
the person
la planta
the plant
la silla
the chair
la tienda
the store
la ventana
the window
la puerta
the door
la pintura
the painting
la araña
the spider
Nouns that end in -ción, -sión, -dad, -tad, or -tud are feminine. la canción
the song
la conversación the conversation
la televisión
the television
la ciudad
the city
la invitación
the invitation
la verdad
the truth
la lección
the lesson
la amistad
the friendship
la ilusión
the ilusion
la actitud
the atttude
A few nouns that end in -o are feminine. la foto la mano la radio
the photograph the hand the radio
the class the flower the light
the (male) artist
el pianista
the (male) pianist
la artista
the (female) artist
la pianista
the (female) pianist
el dentista
the (male) dentist
el taxista
the (male) cabdriver
la dentista
the (female) dentist
la taxista
the (female) cabdriver
A noun ending in -nte can be masculine or feminine, depending on whether it refers to a male or a female. The article indicates the gender of the noun el cantante
the (male) singer
el estudiante
the (male) student
la cantante
the (female) singer
la estudiante
the (female) student
el gerente
the (male) manager
el presidente
the (male) president
la gerente
the (female) manager
la presidente
the (female) president
Plural Nouns
Many feminine nouns do not follow these patterns; therefore, it is important to learn each noun with its article. la clase la flor la luz
el artista
la mujer la piel la suerte
the woman the skin the luck
A noun ending in -ista can be masculine or feminine, depending on whether it refers to a male or a female. The article indicates the gender of the noun. Source: Bregstein, Barbara. Complete Spanish Step-by-Step (Spanish Edition) . McGraw-Hill Education. Kindle Edition.
Masculine A masculine noun that ends in a vowel adds -s to form the plural; it takes the definite article los.
Singular el animal el doctor el hospital el hotel el tren
Plural los animales los doctores los hospitales los hoteles los trenes
Femenine A feminine noun that ends in a vowel adds -s to form the plural; it takes the definite article las. Singular
Plural
la bolsa
las bolsas
la lámpara
las lámparas
la niña
las niñas
Singular
Plural
Singular
Plural
la persona
las personas
el día el hermano
los días los hermanos
el libro el perro
los libros los perros
la tienda
las tiendas
la ventana
las ventanas
If the noun ends in a consonant, el changes to los and the noun adds -es.
If the noun ends in a consonant, la changes to las and the noun adds -es.
Femenine
Singular
Plural
la canción la ciudad
las canciones las ciudades
la flor
las flores
la invitación
las invitaciones
la lección
las lecciones
la mujer
las mujeres
una amiga
a (female) friend
una mujer
a woman
una biblioteca
a library
una página
a page
Plural Indefinitive Articles
The Indefinitive Article The Spanish singular indefinite article (English a, an) is un before a masculine noun and una before a feminine noun. Pronounce the words in the following lists aloud. By learning these nouns, you are building your vocabulary.
The Spanish plural indefinite article (English some) is unos before a masculine plural noun and unas before a feminine plural noun. Masculine unos barcos
some boats
unos idiomas
some languages
unos gatos
some cats
unos libros
some books
Femenine
Singular Indefinitive Articles Masculine un amigo
a (male) friend
un jardín
a garden
un baño
a bathroom
un museo
a museum
un carro
a car
un sillón
an armchair
un espejo
a mirrow
un pianista
a (male) pianist
unas artistas
some (female) artists
unas casas
some houses
unas conversaciones
some conversations
unas flores
some flowers
Source: Bregstein, Barbara. Complete Spanish Step-by-Step (Spanish Edition) . McGraw-Hill Education. Kindle Edition.
Adjectives An adjective is a word that describes a noun. A Spanish adjective agrees in gender and number with the noun it modifies. In Spanish, an adjective almost always follows the noun it describes. Singular Form of Adjectives Adjectives that end in -o are masculine in form and agree with a masculine noun. As you pronounce the following examples aloud, note that the adjective follows the noun it describes.
el libro blanco el gato negro el carro rojo el muchacho simpaático el hombre hermoso
the white book the black cat the red car the nice boy the handsome man
Adjectives that end in -o change the -o to -a when describing a feminine noun. la casa blanca la chaqueta negra la lámpara roja la mujer hermosa la muchacha simpática
the white house the black jacket the red lamp the beautiful woman the nice girl
Adjectives that do not end in -o have the same form for describing both masculine and feminine nouns. It doesn’t matter what letter ends the adjective, as long as it is not -o.
Masculine
Femenine
el libro excelente el perro horrible el poema dificil el barco azul el baño verde el tren gris el tema interesante el hombre fuerte
la comida excelente la cucaracha horrible la lección dificil la pluma azul la cama verde la mesa gris la idea interesante la mujer fuerte
Adjectives that end in a vowel add -s to form the plural.
Source: Bregstein, Barbara. Complete Spanish Step-by-Step (Spanish Edition) . McGraw-Hill Education. Kindle Edition.
Plural blancos rojas verdes excelentes
Adjectives that end in a consonant add -es to form the plural.
Singular gris fácil joven marrón
Masculine Singular el libro blanco
plural form of adjectives
Singular blanco roja verde excelente
Adjectives agree in gender and number with the noun they modify. Review each singular and plural form as you pronounce the following nouns and the adjectives that describe them.
Plural
grises fáciles jóvenes marrones
el tomate rojo el hombre hermoso el baño verde
Plural los libros blancos los tomates rojos los hombres hermoso los baños verdes
Femenine Singular
Plural
las casas la casa blanca blancas las mujeres la mujer hermosa hermosas las muchachas la muchacha fuerte fuertes las tiendas la tienda vieja viejas la comida las comidas excelente excelentes
Activities for this lesson
Practice # 1 Articles, Nouns, and Adjectives Read the information below, please Students need to submit Practice # 1 on Canvas every week, just as the rest of the weekly assigments (practice # 2, discussions, and the readings aloud). Please, use the pdf that I will provide to you every week to complete Practice # 1. Just save a copy when you finish adding the anwers and submit a copy on Canvas for grading. If you have any problems to open the PDF Form or to write on it, let me know inmediately, please, to fix the problem as soon as possible. Also, on Practice # 1, besides the activities that you need to complete, I will be including information that is related to the Hispanic culture. For example, for this week, I included colombian artist Fernando Botero, the most important living artist from Latin America, and one of the most important in the world. However, students don’t need to use o include that information to complete the activities on Practice # 1., It’s only for the enjoyment of sharing art and culture to students and hoping to increase their creativity and knowledge about the Hispanic culture.
Botero Fernando Botero is a Colombian ar tist with a penchant for voluminous characters and an explosive color palette. His signature style, known as “Boterismo”, depicts people and f igures in large, exaggerated volumes, which has been used to represent political criticism or humor depending on the piece. Click on the word “Botero” to watch a documentar y about this ar tst.
casa tacos mujeres cielo hotel clase fuego hambuerguesa lámpara caballo
sillón plumas camas mesa edificios maestro reloj cereal teléfono perras
Write the definitive article (El / La / Los / Las) for each noun on the next table. Remember: article needs to agree with the number (singular / plural) and the gender (femenine / masculine) of the noun.
Write the indefinitive article (un / una / unos / unas) for each noun (sustantivo) singular or plural on the next table. Remember: articles needs to agree with the number (singular / plural) and the gender (femenine / masculine) of the
el libro
Write the translation into English of the next words. On the first table you will find definitive articles, and indefinitive articles, on the second table. You can use any electronic translator if you need it.
la página las flores el baño el vino el muchacho el dentista
unos frijoles un niño unas maletas
el jardín la flor el sillón
una hermana un gerente una ventana unos bomberos un presidente una idea un refrigerador
Here some electronic translators that you can used for this actividy Google Translate Spanishdict Linguee
C o mp l e t e t h e fo l l ow i n g p h r a s e s w i t h t h e fo l l ow i n g Spanish adjectives
1. el hombre _____________ (old) 2. la situación _____________ (difficult) 3. el idioma _____________ (marvelous) 4. la persona _____________ (nice) 5. la flor _____________ (yellow) 6. el jardín _____________ (beautiful) 7. la muchacha _____________ (slender) 8. el vino _____________ (white) 9. el apartamento ___________ (expesive) 10. el carro _____________ (inexpensive) 11. el hotel _____________ (small) 12. el clima _____________ (fantastic) 13. la hermana _____________ (intelligent) 14. el libro _____________ (interesting) 15. la ciudad _____________ (big)
1. _________ amigo 2. _________ hombre 3. _________ casa 4. _________ luz 5. _________ hotel 6. _________ hermano 7. _________ ciudad 8. _________ carro 9. _________ tomate 10. ________ cerveza
Wr i t e t h e m a s c u l i n e o r fe m i n i n e fo r m o f t h e d e f i n i t e a r t i c l e fo r e a ch o f t h e fo l l ow i n g nouns.
1. el animal _____________ 2. la amistad _____________ 3. el teléfono _____________ 4. el tren _____________ 5. la ventana _____________ 6. el doctor _____________ 7. la ciudad _____________ 8. la bolsa _____________ 9. la mesa _____________ 10. el idioma _____________
Wr i t e t h e p l u r a l fo r m o f e a ch o f t h e fo l l ow i n g s i n gular nouns.
Look at Botero’s painting. Then, write the adjectives in Spanish that best describe the nouns on the table. Remember: Adjectives are used mostly to describe people, objects, places, etc. Think on colors, textures, emotions, moods, body types etc
The horse is... The woman’s hair is... The child looks... The texture of the floor seens... The guy hanging from the roof... The whole scene is...
The roof is... The woman looks... The frame around the painting is... The guy on uniforme seems... The painting makes me feel... Botero’s art is...
Wr i t e a s e n t e n c e i n S p a n i s h fo l l ow i n g t h e p a t t e r n a n d t h e c o d e s i n c l u d e d o n e a ch t a b l e . For example: (S/M)Singular/Masculino (P/F)Plural/Femenino
codes (S/M) (P/M ) (S/F) (P/F)
DEFINITIVE ARTICLE
NOUN
codes (S/M) (P/M ) (S/F) (P/F)
INDEFINITIVE ARTICLE
NOUN
Botero, 78, was not widely known asapoliticalartist.Sotheartworld was stunned in 2005, when he produced a series of 80 paintings, sketches and finished drawings based on the abuse of prisoners at the Abu Ghraib prison in Iraq. Photographsofthemistreatment by some U.S. soldiers stationed at the prison had flooded the media just months before with images so shocking and sexually degrading that they have since become modern icons of abuse.
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