2021 Capstone: Kmart

Kmart:

A once in a generation project to restitch the Minneapolis grid

Capstone Spring 2021 Jordan Hedlund

(Hedlund, 2020)

SPECIAL THANKS Bruce

Chamberlain,

HKGi:

Urban

Strategy Rebecca

Krinke,

Minnesota:

University

Director

of

of

Graduate

Studies MLA Joseph

Favour,

Minnesota:

University

Landscape

of

Architecture

Department Head Ryan Mattke, University of Minnesota: John R. Borchert Map Library Head, Mapping Prejudice Whittier Alliance & Community

2

(CPED Archive, 1979)

3

Part 1 THE PAST

Part 2 THE PRESENT

Part 3 THE FUTURE

Cover Image: Kmart site 1 month prior to the 2020 Presidential Election. The site is being leased by the USPS, as well as a ballot drop off location.

Left Image: Photo taken of the inside of the Kmart building through plywood being used to cover the broken glass sliding doors. The building was ransacked in the weeks following the murder of George Floyd.

4

(Hedlund, 2020)

5

Land Acknowledgment

The Kmart site at Nicollet Avenue

and Lake Street sits on Dakota Sioux land, as well as Minneapolis, and nearly the entire southern half of the state of Minnesota. In the Dakota language Mni Sota Makoce translates to “Land Where the Waters Reflect the Clouds” (Wester & White, 2012)

For generations leading up to

the Dakota War of 1862 the Dakota people off

had

their

been land,

forcefully and

have

pushed

Small Dakota camp in 1863 believed to be near the

Fort Snelling “Bdote” following the Dakota War. (MN

never

been allowed back. Governments have forcibly erased Dakota culture along with many other Native cultures in Minnesota and throughout the US.

Physical removal and the erasure

via changing of names in Minnesota and Minneapolis is a stain on our history and will never be forgotten.

Minneapolis has taken steps to return names of landmarks within the city to their original Dakota tongue. This is one of many steps that will need to be taken as the city begins to

Dakota pri

“Bdote” in

Dakota War

recognize its unfortunate past.

...destroying a sacred island is disrespectful, a willf

or malice. Renaming Indigenous places is another act o

form of erasure: an act of the pen, a cartographer’s c Images at Left: All photos have been pulled from the archives at the Minnesota Hisorical Society (MNHS).

6

name America... - Andrea Carlson, Open Rivers

Flats of

NHS)

A Dakota mother “Ina” and her children in

Dakota prisoner at Fort Snelling “Bdote” in

1920. (MNNHS)

1863 following the Dakota War. (MNHS)

isoner at Fort Snelling

n 1863 following the

r. (MNHS)

ful act of erasure, ignorance,

of erasure, often the easiest

conquest, seen clearly in the

Photo of Spirit island, or “Wita Wanagi” in 1870, once and still sacred land to the Dakota people. Quarried, dredged, and fully removed by 1960 to allow ship passage. (MNNHS)

7

Site Location

The former Kmart bigbox store lies

in South Minneapolis in the Whittier

Minnesota

Neighborhood, but directly adjacent to

Hennepin County

Lyndale, Central, and the East Phillips neighborhoods. Lake Street bounds this 2 parcel, 10 acre site to the South, also acting to separate the Whittier and Lyndale neighborhoods. The bike and pedestrian trail called The Greenway creates a Northern trench that sits directly behind the site and 20’ lower.

Minneapolis

Nicollet Avenue was completely blocked for the construction of the Kmart as well as rerouting the adjacent Blaisdell Avenue and 1st Avenue South to oneways South and North, respectively.

The

Whittier

Neighborhood

Alliance was created from the direct opposition of the project in 1977.

Since then, the "dead-end at Nicollet" in both directions has been one the biggest headaches for Minneapolitans and one of the strongest arguments for opening the street back up. Today the Nicollet Avenue

10 acre site is the stand-in location for the 2 local USPS buildings that

1 Whittier Neighbo

1

were burned down during the protests

2

following the murder of George Floyd on May 25, 2020, Memorial Day. In April of

2020,

Minneapolis

finally

bought

out the Kmart lease, giving them full ownership of the 2 parcels of land.

8

4

2 W. Phillips Neig Kmart Site 10 W Lake Street

3

3 Central Neighbor

4 Lyndale Neighbor

NICOLLET AVE

N

200'

DEAD END

1ST AVE SOUTH

BLAISDELL AVE

THE GREENWAY

WHITTIER NEIGHBORHOOD LAKE STREET NICOLLET AVE

orhood

LYNDALE

NEIGHBORHOOD

ghborhood Lake St.

rhood

rhood

...the worst planning mistake in Minneapolis history. - Minneapolis Director of Community and Economic Planing (MinnPost, 2020)

9

THE 10

PAST 11

Original Land Survey

The

mid-1800's

Original

1848

Land

Surveys show a very different landscape than what we see today. The first one in

1848

did

not

show

West

of

the

Mississippi River, but does show the location of the St. Anthony Falls and the Sacred Spirit Island.

The next 30 years would then be

spent platting the land West and south of the river. In these surveys we can see what the original landscape looked like: prairies, farm fields, ponds and roads.

The

original

plat

lines

would

eventually develop into Nicollet Avenue and Lake Street. The winding dirt roads would be replaced with pavement and align to the Jeffersonian Grid. And what was lightly wooded rolling hills, would be chopped down and brought to the

river

for

milling.

What

would

remain is a graded landscape ready for

Whittier

neighborhoods, parks, and industry.

Prarie

W.Phillips

Lake Street

Farm Fields Ponds

Today's Neighborhoods Kmart Site

12

Lyndale Ave

Today's Roads

Nicollet Ave

Lyndale

Orignial Dirt Roads

Central

1876

Minneapolis Boundary Today

13

1

Change Over Time 1875: First subdivisions around Bde

Maka

Ska

(formerly

Lake

Calhoun, MNHS)

2

1893:

Kenwood

Depot

between

Lake of the Isles and Cedar Lake. (MNHS)

3

1902: Lowry north

t

Minneapolis

downtown sk

4

1909: Hermit houses emerge in Minnehaha Park near the Falls (Urbancreek)

5

1920: Snelli

getting tran

14

MSP Airport

1876

y Hill area looking

towards

Minneapolis Boundary Today

3 2

downtown

s. First views of a

kyline. (MNHS)

1

4

5

ing Speedway as it is

nsformed into today's

t (mspairport.com)

15

Early 1900's

The

brought

dawn with

of

the

it

a

20th new

century

style

of

transportation, electric street cars or "trollies". With this, cities began

1

to feel smaller and the Minneapolis

Standing on the Nicollet Ave bridge in 1919 looking sout

grid expanded rapidly. The intersection

over the then Chicago, Milwaukee, St. Paul R.R.(MNNHS)

of Nicollet Avenue and Lake Street became a hub for both transportation and recreation.

The "Greenway" as we know it today,

was a depressed rail (1) line that connected Minneapolis to other major cities

like

Chicago

and

Milwaukee.

Lake Street and West 31st Street (2)

2

became an East-West transit corridor

The entrance to Nicollet Park 1915, looking north on W

connecting the capital of St. Paul in

31st St and Nicollet Ave. (MNNHS)

the East to the western suburbs of St. Louis Park and Wayzata.

The minor league baseball team

The

Minneapolis

Millers

played

at

Nicollet Park (3) for over 60 years, located on the trolley lines. The team is known for hosting legendary Willie Mays for 2 months before being called up to play for the NY Giants. Today

3 Inside Nicollet Ball Park 1946. (MNNHS)

the MVP award for the World Series has been given his namesake.

Today, what was the Nicollet Car

Barn and Trolley Garage (4), is now the Metro Transit Bus Garage. Serving the same purpose it once did, just for a different generation.

16

4 Nicollet trolley station 1920(MNHS)

1930 Sanborn Plat Map: Re-stitched

th

1

Kmart Site Today

W.

3

4

2

17

“Mapping Prejudice”

Site Surrounding South - (B13)

This map from 1937 is when the city

of Minneapolis begins to visually see the racial covenants and the influence that they will have on the city. Though this is only a snapshot in time, we begin to see how the city will trend for generations to come. High value/low risk loans being offered in areas of “whiteness”, near lakes and creeks, close to parkland, and away from industry.

Site Surrounding North - (C6)

Near the Kmart site there are two

ideas that stick out. First, D7 is deemed “Hazardous”, likely due to its proximity to industry and the railroad (EhrmanSolberg, 2020). Second is D6, a corridor that will eventually be destroyed and

Pre 35W Corridor - (D6)

turned into 35W, effectively splitting neighborhoods and the city in half. Both of these will create cheap land at the location of 10 W. Lake St. The land value impact will continue to compound after the construction of Kmart throughout the 70's, 80's, and 90's. This will be expressed in the population that moves to this area and the type of business that begin to arrive.

Map with excerpts: 1937 Home Owners Loan Corporation (HOLC)

Map

showing

desirability

in

Minneapolis.

Accompanying text are the descriptions of why areas around the Kmart site were given certain ratings.

Image: Lake Street and Nicollet Ave 1927. The Nicollet street car trolley tracks are still visible.

18

Pre “Kmart Site” Site - (D7)

Best Still Desirable Definitely Declining Hazardous

(MNHS)

19

HOLC vs TODAY Home Owners Loan Corporation Map 1937 (HOLC)

An overlay of the least 2 desirable

areas from the 1937 HOLC on Minneapolis 2010

demographics

and

poverty

data

begins to show disparities based on race. It is not a coincidence where BIPOC people live today in Minneapolis and their standards of living.

The Racial Dot Map shows in high

detail these boundaries between White and BIPOC neighborhoods. Many of them are

defined

by

street

and

business

corridors. It was rare for redlined areas to be directly adjacent to the blue or green-lined areas, so the yellow-lined would expand this buffer between the races even further.

Looking at poverty at the census

tract level it is easy to see the impacts of the HOLC map both physically and socially. The parts of Minneapolis that have the highest rate of poverty are also

the most diverse. Where and how

BIPOC people live today in Minneapolis is directly linked back to racial covenants and the 1937 HOLC Map. Best Still Desirable Kmart Site Neighborhood Boundaries Lake and Nicollet

20

Definitely Declining Hazardous

The Racial Dot Map (2010 Census Block Data, UVA)

1 Dot = 1 Person

Living Below Poverty Line By Census Tract (2010 Census Data)

0 residents

White Black Asian Hispanic Native American, Multi-Racial & Others

3723 residents

21

Timeline of Kmart on Lake & Nicollet

The timeline of Kmart at 10 W.

Lake Street really boils down to 4 main

periods:

the

decades

leading

up to the 1970's, the 1970's during which Kmart was in negotiation wit the city of Minneapolis, the bigbox boom between the 1970's to the early 2000's, and the last 5 years as the city of Minneapolis acquires the land and building (whittieralliance.org).

Image Above: A clipping from the 1976 Minneapolis Star Tribune shows Kmart over Nicollet Ave and integrated into what was supposed to be the new mall.

22

Post-George Floyd

23

Timeline of Kmart on Lake & Nicollet

The timeline of Kmart at 10 W.

Lake Street really boils down to 4 main

periods:

the

decades

leading

up to the 1970's, the 1970's during which Kmart was in negotiation wit the city of Minneapolis, the bigbox boom between the 1970's to the early 2000's, and the last 5 years as the city of Minneapolis acquires the land and building (whittieralliance.org).

Image Above: A clipping from the 1976 Minneapolis Star Tribune shows Kmart over Nicollet Ave and integrated into what was supposed to be the new mall.

24

The Dead End Begins

Post-George Floyd

25

Timeline of Bigbox

1962 was the beginning of 4 of

the largest retail chains the US has seen.

Though

they

all

started

the

same year they each had very different trajectories.

Kmart initially doing better by

far, reached 2000 stores in just under 20 years. A decade later it peaked, coincidentally at the same time Amazon emerges as an online bookseller. From there, the next 2 decades would take its toll on the business

As Target, Walmart, and Amazon

seamlessly merge to the online platform Kmart

seems

to

flounder,

especially

in the late 90's and early 2000's.

The writing was on the wall as it nosedives for the next decade, pulling out of the Canadian market, going into bankruptcy, and merging with Sears.

Until

their

2018

bankruptcy

(again) there were around 700 Kmarts left. Since then the exact numbers are shrouded in secrecy now that the remaining Kmarts are owned by Transform Co. The rough estimate of the amount remaining as of 2020 is around 30.

Allegedly,

the

best

financially

performing Kmart is currently located Guam.

26

Kmart grand opening in Puerto Rico in 1964 (Forbes, 2020)

Kmart grand opening in South Bend Michigan

in

Tribune, 2017)

1964

(South

Bend

27

1964

28

19

978

2020

29

TH PRES 30

HE SENT 31

10 WEST LAKE STREET

32

33

Demographics Today

The

demographics

neighborhoods

that

of

the

surround

3 the

site including Whittier presents an interesting

narrative.

Compared

to

Minneapolis, the age distribution is almost identical, but that is the only similarity.

The amount of People of Color,

foreign born citizens, and English not being the main language spoken, is almost double that of Minneapolis as a whole. Also, the amount of households living under an annual income of less than $35k a year is 16% higher than the rest of the city.

ones

These neighborhoods along with more

towards

the

Mississippi

River like the rest of Phillips and Cedar

Riverside

percentage

of

have the

the city's

largest Native

American population. Though the Native population in Minneapolis makes up a small percentage of the city, they are some of the largest outside of the Reservations.

In

recent

populations

has

years been

the a

homeless

contentious

topic. The city has struggled with an approach on how to control them, many times just fencing off popular areas to sleep and carpeting the ground with jersey barriers and old light posts.

34

...it is imperative that we turn this valuable plot of land into a valuable space and resource for the BIPOC members of our Minneapolis community - Comment from survey taker

35

Personal Connection

My interest in the Kmart site, 10

West Lake Street in Minneapolis grew out of a fascination of the dead end on Nicollet Avenue. After living for nearly a decade in both Minneapolis and Saint Paul, I learned very quickly to avoid the Nicollet & Lake area as well as the 1-way streets on either side of it.

Though I never personally shopped

in the Kmart before its 2020 closing, research is showing that it may have been more than just a roadblock or a department store. This Kmart served as the community grocery store, clothing store, office supply shop, and meeting place.

Some

would

even

argue

that

without the “roadblock” Nicollet Avenue would have developed similar to Hennepin Avenue and Lyndale Avenue, busy, loud, and expensive.

With this commodity gone, a void

is left within the city, a once bustling retail hotspot now lays desolate as a 10 acre fenced off eye sore. On the site,

issues

of

crime,

abandonment,

and identity are in plain sight, and acquiring this land has been a 5 year, $23 Million endeavor by the City of Minneapolis. The question is how will the site live on?

36

(Hedlund, 2020)

37

Project Brief

It wasn’t until recently that the

site next. Most recently, the USPS signed a

two parcel, 10 acre lot that sits directly

month contract to lease the site in July of 202

at the intersection of Lake Street and

The site is currently acting as the post offi

Nicollet Avenue in South Minneapolis

for 2 adjacent neighborhoods, both of which h

has come into the public eye. Though the

their own burned down during the 2020 Geor

site has been part of plenty internal

Floyd protests. Additionally, Covid-19 has sh

planning amongst the City of Minneapolis

down many of the local establishments forci

and neighborhood organizations, it was

surviving restaurant to be takeout only. 1 blo

not until local and state media outlets

east of the site is Interstate 35W on the hee

started asking why Kmart disrupts the

of its 4.5 year $239M renovation.

city grid at a major through-way in the heart of Minneapolis, Nicollet Avenue.

Upon further investigation, it was

discovered that the proposed “Nicollet Lake Development District” of the 1970’s was desperate for funding after much of the expected development along the corridors fell through. Luckily, an up and coming discount retail store named Kmart,

offered

millions

of

dollars

in needed funding to lease a future building, eventually shutting down any thoughtful

movement

north

or

south

along Nicollet Avenue. From this, we get to the 10 acre impervious structure and parking lot that we see today. This was the beginning of the "Bigbox" era.

Despite the City of Minneapolis

buying out the Kmart lease in 2020 for $9.1 Million, there really is no indication what will happen with the

38

24

I have decided to take a three tiered

20.

approach

towards

ice

Site: Prioritizing community input; supporting

had

transportation planning; promoting a healthy

rge

urban

hut

areas will not only deal with existing planning

ing

(transportation)

ock

surrounding

els

sustainable ecology for future generations.

ecology.

I

investigating

believe but

community’s

also

that

the

these

Kmart

three

acknowledge

needs,

and

the

ensure

a

(Hedlund, 2020)

39

Now What?

This study will take a three tiered

approach at investigating the Kmart site. These will include: prioritized community input, future transportation planning,

and

identification

of

an

urban ecological void.

The

community

based

research

approach will examine survey results sent to both the local and at large communities. Transportation research looks at the proposed corridors that are planned for the area. The urban ecology of both the site and surrounding area will be examined to propose a new ecological zone to fill the vegetal void at the site.

This

approach

will

begin

to

weave community trust back into an already proposed transportation plan.

Due to the size of the project site and its location, the local Whittier neighborhood will have play a key role in deciding the future of 10 West site.

40

How can the future at 10 W Lake Street prioritize community input, support transportation planning, and promote a healthy urban ecology?

I just don’t want to see more of these unaffordable apartment complexes appear there. - Comment from survey taker (Hedlund, 2020)

41

COMMU

42

UNITY

43

Site Context Today

The area directly surrounding the

site today developed rapidly in the mid to late 20th Century. Low housing prices due to suburban flight and the obnoxious dead end allowed immigrant and small business families to move to the area.

The creation of the Greenway as a

bike and pedestrian corridor and Lake Street as a main bus route, turned this area into something you pass by

Park Square

on your way to Uptown to the West.

Condos

Despite what many people saw as

a place to avoid, this area grew to

Karmel

be known as a place of diversity and

Square

community goods. Restaurants, banks, and places of worship emerged here.

More recently, with the construction of the 35W and Lake Street Transit Hub off the freeway, this part of town will begin to see a surge in new development that it hasn't seen in a generation.

Neighborhood Boundary Food, Markets, & Restaurants Car, Home, & Personal Services Religious and Community Centers Apartments and Condos Low Income Housing Closed or Demo’d from Protests Bus Stops

44

Horn Towers

N

FIRE STATION

IN

TE

RS

TA

TE

35

CLINIC

W

WHITTIER

NICOLLET AVE

THE GREENWAY

1ST AVE SOUTH

BLAISDELL AVE

MINNEAPOLIS

Nico Products Finishing

WHITTIER WEST PHILLIPS NEIGHBORHOOD NEIGHBORHOOD LAKE STREET LYNDALE CENTRAL NEIGHBORHOOD NEIGHBORHOOD NICOLLET AVE

WELLS FARGO

Umatul Islam Center USPS

METRO TRANSIT

POLICE

BUS GARAGE

5TH PRECINCT

45

The History of “Eat Street”

The “Eat Street” corridor is a

stretch of Nicollet Avenue that spans from Downtown Minneapolis to the "deadend" at The Greenway and the Kmart site, about 1.5 miles. Here you can find food from all over the world, one of the oldest staples of the area is the Black Forest Inn, a German style kitchen.

This

section

developed

uniquely

adjacent

corridors

of compared of

Nicollet to

its

Hennepin

and

Lyndale Avenues due to the Kmart being built blocking the through-way traffic in 1977. This decision slowed down traffic, allowed local businesses to flourish, and encouraged local “small town” growth with coffee shops, food and bar patios, and cultures from all around the world to gather.

It wasn’t until 1997 that the

Whittier Alliance branded the corridor as “Eat Street”. This move cemented the area to be known as a cultural corridor of Minneapolis.

4

Images

to

the

Right:

These

images

are

from

an

exhibition hosted by the Hennepin History Museum called “Eat Street 20: In Their Own Words.” This exhibition was in celebration of the 20 year anniversary of the formal naming of the “Eat Street” corridor, but displayed the history all the way back to the 1970’s.

46

EAT STREET CORRIDOR

Interstate 94

Franklin Ave

East 26th Ave

Interstate 35W

Running from North to South from downtown Minneapolis to that weird Kmart complex that NICOLLET DEAD END The Greenway

needs to get torn down already - Eater Twin

Kmart Site

Cities

Lake Street

47

Current Site Conditions

The current state of the site is

desolate. The building that is currently 5 months into a 24 month lease with the USPS is 128,000 sqft, nearly 3 acres.

The surrounding impervious parking and northern alley and loading dock is an additional 286,000 sqft, 6.5 acres.

In the center of the parking lot

the USPS has erected 10' chain link and barbed wire fencing for their mail truck parking. The city has slid jersey barriers into place to block the Lake Street entrance to the south end of the parking lot.

The handful of pine and ash trees

provide little respite while waiting for the bus. The Nicollet bridge has been

completely

fenced

off

to

the

north, as well as chain link fence indicating the boundary of city owned land and the Hennepin County Railroad Authority (HCRRA).

The handful of things that bring

people to the site: La Taqueria Food Truck, the USPS, waiting for the bus, and

just

passing

through.

Police

still patrol the northern side, and Minneapolis Facilities Maintenance was present whenever I would visit.

48

Building Fenced Off Sidewalks Turf/Dirt Boulevards Food Truck Staging Parcel Boundaries Jersey Barriers Car & Truck Access Bus Stops/Shelters Trees Coniferous Trees Deciduous Shrubs

(Hedlund, 2020)

49

Current Site Program

The site today really only has

4 programs: the building, the parking lot, the boulevards, and the alleyways.

Only the thin strip of boulevard that surrounds the site begins to reduce urban heat island. The rest of the site is an impervious slab with no vegetation until you go down into the 20' deep Greenway to the North. With no sewer access on the entire site, during rain events it sheet drains to the South Eastern corner. With little

Alleyways

to no programming currently on the

Building

site, a future design approach might

Surface Parking

be activating the core of the site to

Boulevard

bring people in.

17%

27%

Nicollet Lake Car Wash

1

HC. R.R. Authority

Existing Building

Greenway Nicollet Ave Bridge

Bike & Ped. Lane Old RR Lines 110'

50

Loading Docks 240'

1

N

49%

N

6%

Kmart Parcel Boundaries 50' Parking Lot

Boulevard Lake Street 340'

51

Landuse Opportunity

The

Bridge

Midtown

Study

Corridor

performed

by

Blaisdell Ave Owner: Minneapolis

Historic TKDA

"Non-Contributing"

in

Recon. 1982

2007 declared that the Nicollet Avenue

Life Ex. 35 years

bridge needed to be replaced in 4-6 years (TKDA, 2007). Since then, it has not been replaced and has fallen even deeper into disrepair. An entire parapet is missing, there is 8' chain link keeping people off of it, and it has been asked to be removed from "contributing"

status

towards

the

historical nature of the Greenway.

Also, there are 4 vacant parcels

directly North of the site that houses the vacant Nicollet Car Wash. Pulling these parcels into the site extents could aid in reconnecting the Greenway to the upper level of Nicollet Ave. This would add 1 more acre to the project and give space to create an ADA path.

Rethinking both the bridge and Blaisdell Ave

vacant parcels as community spaces for transportation and access could add a deeper dimension to the project. This added space would open up connection opportunity across the Greenway and

1

2

into the Whittier neighborhood.

52

Minneapolis, Minnesota Google Street View

4 Vacant Parcels

Nicollet Ave

First Ave South

Owner: P. Jablonsky

Owner: HCRRA

Owner: HCRRA

Built. 1945

"Contributing"

"Contributing"

41,000 sqft

Built. 1914

Built. 1914

Life Ex. 4-6 years

Life Ex. <2 years

1 2

3

4

100 E 29th St

3

Image capture: May 2019

4

© 2021 Google

Minneapolis, Minnesota Google

53

Imag

Site Survey

In November of 2020 I began my

campaign to get as much feedback from a the community as possible via a survey.

The approach was going to be 3 fold: a push across social media, posting a QR code link around the site, and emails.

Over the course of a week I posted

a link to my survey on the social media accounts: Facebook, Instagram, Nextdoor, and Reddit. The Reddit post was directed to

3

channels:

r/Minneapolis,

r/

TwinCities, r/Minnesota.

On the site, I invested over 10

hours walking more than 20 square blocks to tape the QR code link to as many things as possible. I also was able to get local businesses that still allowed people inside to post the QR code in break rooms, on counters, and on doors.

The email campaign was simple, I

reached out to each of the 3 surrounding neighborhoods

as

well

as

Whittier

asking if they would pass the link to their communities via their internal networks. I also emailed friends and family that may have memories of the Kmart site, the only caveat being, "If I say "Minneapolis Kmart" do you think of this site?" showing an image of the site just after it opened in 1978.

54

[Need] Lots of pedestrian space and multi-use with places for public art-something that blends the greenway into the landscape instead of making it a gash in the ground - Comment from survey taker

55

Site Survey Results

The amount of feedback I received

was astounding. In just under 3 weeks I had received 328 total responses, 30% being from the 4 critical neighborhoods.

The next top 5 Minneapolis neighborhoods combined to make up another 19% of respondents, giving me great insight of what residents of the city think about the

site.

The

"40%

other"

consisted

of Minneapolis neighborhood responses below 3% and responses from suburbs and people who had moved out of state but were familiar with the site.

Despite the amount of work the QR

code entailed, there was very little response. Not surprising, social media worked

great

to

get

the

word

out,

garnering 71% of the feedback. Emailing neighborhood associations worked well, and the Lyndale Neighborhood Association (LNA) made an explicit effort to bring it to their community's attention.

What was surprising to me was the

amount the survey was passed around by word of mouth (WoM) and through the neighborhood associations emails (NA).

9% of responses came from this which equates to 29 people. The grassroots approach in 2020 may be most effective through

social

organizations.

56

media

community

57

Site Survey Results

Looking at the data that came back

on how often people were at the site and what would bring them to the site is enlightening. Nearly 80% of respondents are at the site at least monthly or more. This helps validate the survey results showing that respondents are there regularly.

That said, half of people responding

to the survey were just passing through.

This matters because when it comes to planning a space as large as this, what becomes your approach if people aren't stay around? Over 30% say they are in the area for food, shopping and The Greenway while many said that multiple choices would apply.

The favorability diagram was an

interesting investigation in how people thought about the site, comparing how people feel the site is maintained and their own personal safety. The general correlation is that the majority of people feel "somewhat" safe and that the site is "somewhat" maintained. Very feel people thought highly of the site as the data points suggest.

After digging through the data I

feel confident in saying that no one took the survey that was not already familiar with the site in some fashion.

58

59

Site Survey Results

Feedback

on

what

people

would

like to see at the site was the most interesting to me. For these 2 questions I allowed multiple choice and the options were the same, just asking people what they would LIKE or NOT LIKE to see at the Kmart site. The comments from these questions will be insightful to dig deeper into. Many responses came with caveats like not wanting a DMV because there is one further down Lake Street, or people begging for green space, but not a dog park.

Also comments towards the homeless

Kmart site!

Anonymous Survey about the population were interesting toKmart see.site!

Some Take a photo to give feedback

Anonymous Survey about the Kmart site!

Take a photo to give feedback

o de Encuesta anónima sobre el sitio de a shelter, andToma not a dar shelter r tu opinión Kmart! una just foto para tu opiniónits

Encuesta anónima sobre el sitio de Kmart! Toma una foto para dar tu opinión

asking for services to support them with self.

Kmart site!

Anonymous Survey about the Kmart site!

Take a photo to give feedback

Anonymous Survey about the Kmart site!

Take a photo to give feedback

o de r tu opinión

Encuesta anónima sobre el sitio de Kmart! Toma una foto para dar tu opinión

Encuesta anónima sobre el sitio de Kmart! Toma una foto para dar tu opinión

60

61

Northern Mural

The

current

condition

of

the

building at 10 West Lake Street will vary depending on who you ask. To a street artist, the building is an open canvas waiting to be painted. To a concerned neighbor, the site is unkempt and unsafe.

The mural along the back side

was

an

olive

branch

of

sorts

to

the community from Kmart. It was a commissioned project that didn't show the building in a great light since its completion in 1977. It shows what is assumed to be a business man closing a door on the community (MPR, 2014).

When the Kmart building was built,

no doors or entrances were designed on the northern side. What was built was a nearly 600' road block, alley, and loading docks facing the Whittier Neighborhood.

Construction

of

the

Kmart was a clear decision to value one area of the city over another.

Instead,

City

investment

was

turned towards Lake Street and the adjacent Uptown community. For 30 years following the construction of Kmart, the area north of it would develop slowly. For an entire generation the city would rush by on 35W and Lake Street.

62

(MPR, 2014)

If Nicollet had never been closed at Lake Street, it’s easy to imagine a mid-1980s sideburn-heavy Public Works department widening it to funnel Chrysler Le Barons to South Minneapolis and Richfield. - City Pages, 3/9/2020 (Hedlund, 2020)

63

Street Art On The Site

I spoke with Virginia Torzewski

about

her

2018

Capstone

"Nicollet

1

Garden" (Nicollet Garden, Torzewski, 2018) and she informed me that the majority of the painting had been done since the closing of Kmart. The 10 acre vacancy in a dense urban environment has

been

an

invitation

to

street

artists and graffiti artists alike.

The majority of the murals on

2

the site have been painted directly onto the building, covering the entire back

(northern)

side.

Artists

have

even painted the awning and HVAC units on the roof. The murals stretch onto the sides of the adjacent Greenway and vacant car wash behind the building as well. The few on the front have

3

been painted on particle board and attached, some with pieces that stick out to create a 3D effect.

Image 1: Front (south) of building panorama stitch.

Image 2: Back (north-east) of building panorama stitch.

Image 3: View across Nicollet Ave bridge & The Greenway access. This image is taken over the 8' security chain link fence standing on jersey barriers.

Image 4: Commissioned work by Chicago artist "Werm" that reflects the culture and history of this area of the city. The USPS agreed to leave the mural up after moving into the building in the summer of 2020.

64

4

65

TRANSPO

66

RTATION

67

Connection at the Greenway

There seems to be 2 main consensus'

when it comes to the Kmart Site: open Nicollet Avenue and fix the entrance to

the Greenway. The current entrance

at Nicollet Avenue is a combination of

(MNHS, 1919)

painted jersey barriers and chain link fencing. To the West the next exit off The Greenway is 9 blocks down on Bryant Avenue, and to the East it is 6 blocks away on South 5th Avenue.

The historic nature of this once

rail line that connected Minneapolis to the rest of the Midwest is lost despite being right on top of it. The crumbling bridges, the lack of simple amenities like trash cans and benches, and the odd scale of the paved path to the surrounding height of the retaining walls makes this area of The Greenway uninviting. Not to mention that the entrance is only accessible from one direction, coming south on Nicollet Avenue into the dead-end.

68

(Hedlund, 2020)

[maintained] poorly right around the Kmart. Particularly the Greenway up to the roads near there. It does not feel very safe - Comment from survey taker

69

Coming down to The Greenway off

of Nicollet Avenue is not the most inviting. First passing the makeshift jersey barrier funnel and vacant car wash, then past the overgrown scrub and

the

crumbling

retaining

1

wall,

and finally to the paved path that is oddly only half the width of the entire trench.

The only directions you are given

is towards the lake that is 1.5 miles West or the river that is 3.5 miles East. Anyone walking must go either 6 blocks East or 9 blocks West before they find their way off. Also, the

2

deteriorating bridges on either side give no indication of the roads going over them. Placing yourself on this 5 mile stretch is difficult at best without taking one of the few steeply pitched ramps up to the main grade of the city, at one of the few exits.

There

is

plenty

of

existing

studies that have been done on The Greenway over the last decade looking at improving surfacing and amenities as well as fixing the many bridges that cross it. Many of the bridges are on the Historical Register making it increasingly difficult to do any work whatsoever.

70

5

BLAISDELL AVE

PILLSBURY AVE

On The Greenway

4

5

3 3

GREENWAY

2 1ST AVE S

STEVENS AVE

NICOLLET AVE

1

4

71

Minneapolis Landuse Planning

The Kmart Site sits directly in

the middle of the intersection of 2 major planning corridors: Minneapolis 2040 and the Minneapolis Great Streets Program. The Minneapolis 2040 is a comprehensive

zoning

plan

that

is

taken on every 10 years. The plan is meant to support both population and economic growth over the next 20 years.

While

the

Minneapolis

Great

Streets Program helps guide grant and small

business

funding

to

selected

commercial corridors.

The

future

of

this

site

will

be a densely populated business and transportation

corridor.

Currently,

the Whittier Alliance is working to create

a

developer

checklist.

This

MPLS

2040

Transit

15:

4-15

checklist will help guide the types of

stories, along major transit lines.

development that happen at the site.

This will ensure that there is community

along major transit lines.

input and it will guide whatever is

built here.

Shows strength but barriers to market/

MPLS 2040 Corridor 6: 2-6 stories, MPLS

business

MPLS

Great

Streets

"Support":

development exist.

Great

Streets

"Monitor":

Strong market development & business activity.

MPLS

Corridor:

2040

Goods

location

of

&

Services commercial

fronts & identifies considerations for commercial growth and/or establishment.

72

KMART SITE

73

Transportation Around The Site

This 2 parcel plot of land is within

some

of

the

busiest

transportation

corridors in the state of Minnesota.

Interstate 35W and Lyndale Avenue South in Minneapolis are in the top 15 busiest stretches of road in the entire state (MNDOT, 2021). Moreover, The Greenway acts as a shared pedestrian and bike artery across the city, allowing safe and efficient travel of over 5,000 people per day during all 4 seasons.

The future of this site can already

be seen as MNDOT nears the completion of their new transit hub bus station beneath 35W. Also, new crosstown bus lines, the Greenway Extension to the West, and the Nicollet Modern Streetcar to the North into Downtown, are in the works over the next decade. One of the final pieces of the puzzle will be to open Nicollet Avenue back up to allow the free flow of traffic once again for the first time in over 45 years.

Whittier Neighborhood Boundary Bikelane on Streets Bike and Pedestrian shared County Highways Interstate Freeway Existing Transit Bus Shelters Proposed Transit Bus Shelters Proposed Nicollet Streetcar Parkland

74

Future Nicollet Trolley

Future Greenway LRT

KMART SITE

75

ECOL

76

LOGY

77

Tree Canopy Loss

Site Ecology

1993 Forestation Map. Blue showing hard scape/ impervious cover. canopy. Though this map is nearly 30 years old, development has o

The vegetal void in and around

the Kmart site is clear, whether you step foot there or if you look at it from above. The expanse of 7 acres of surface parking with a handful of trees and shrubs dotting the boulevards create little, if any softness to the urban hardscape. Moreover, the closest park space to the Kmart Site has been taken over and is being used to stage construction Interstate

materials

for

construction

the

project

35W by

MNDOT.

The ecological future of the site

will rely on 3 factors: increasing tree canopy, impacts,

reducing and

urban

promoting

heat

island

pollinator

habitat. All 3 can be addressed by a tactical increase of vegetation along the Lake Street, Nicollet Avenue, and Greenway corridors. The 3 coalesce into what could be a ecological connection point across South Minneapolis.

Nicollet/Lake/Greenway Corridors Park space

78

creation of this map and the tree canopy today is significantly le

Urban Heat Island Red showing turf and tree

July 22, 2016 Land Surface Temperatures (hottest day in 3 years). Surface temperatures on

nly increased since the

this day would range from 90 degrees in parks (green/yellow) to over 105 degrees at buildings

ss.

and along roadways and surface parking (red).

USDA FSA, GeoEye, Maxar

79

Carbon Sequestration Areas

Vegetal Void

The

City

of

Minneapolis

and

Hennepin County developed a series of vegetation maps and pollinator maps to help guide future investment. These maps used GIS to create ecological buffers and are used to analyze existing data on pollinator potential.

It is not surprising to see that

the Kmart site is a vegetal void in the

Purple and green areas show places to protect

area. Both Lake Street and Nicollet

and possibly enhance. Maintaining tree canopy,

Avenue corridors have little ecological

restoring back to native plantings & improving

value. These maps will be used to help

soils will drive this initiative. The existing

funding for pollinator and raingarden

Kmart site does not show potential

installations

all

around

the

city,

ensure money that gets invested has a

Pollinator Sweet Spots

return.

The

first

step

to

creating

opportunity at the site for a healthy ecology is to eliminate all of the impervious

surfacing.

The

little

vegetation that does exist has almost no impact on the greater issues of heat island and storm water.

Analysis map of the highest ROI i Maps provided by: MPRB, City of Minneapolis, & Hennepin

investment into pollinator habita

County

happen. The Kmart site is current

The Kmart Site

80

due to the 10 acres of impervious and building.

Habitat Enhancement Zones

Bird Pollinator Connectivity

The Kmart site is between zones 4 and 5 that This map shows single family homes and start at Bde Maka Ska, the furthest reach existing parkland as the only areas currently and least potential for habitat enhancement. with bird pollinator potential. Also, 35W Purple, pink, an blue show existing park and is an impediment for animal movement across institutional land with potential.

the city grid.

Pollinator Suitability Analysis

if financial

Areas within Minneapolis for prioritization

at were to

and investment towards expanding pollinator

tly a void

habitat. The Kmart site and the adjacent

s surfacing

parcels to the East are currently the lowest suitability

81

Pipeshed and Flooding

The city of Minneapolis consists

of 4 watershed management districts.

The one that falls within the boundary of the project site and most of the city,

is

the

Mississippi

Watershed

Management Organization (MWMO).

Though prolonged flooding at the

site has not been an issue in the past, there have been reports of manhole covers being blown off due to surges of the pipeshed system during high capacity rain events. A major part of the $239M interstate construction project

is

to

install

underground

cisterns to hold 4.5 million gallons of water before slowly releasing it back into the system. This Localized Flood Map examines topographic data to show flood vulnerability in the urban streetscape.

Stormwater Catch Basin

Localized Flood Potential

Max 1' (Shallow) 0' to 1' 1' to 2' 2' to 3' 3' to 4' 4' to 6' 6' to 8' 8' to 10' > 10'

82

83

Rain Runoff

Catching

and

capturing

water

runoff at the Kmart site will be key to its success. Though the site is generally flat, it does slop to the South Eastern corner and eventually spill over into the street and local sewer system.

During a 1" rain event, nearly

270,000 gallons of water will fall on the site. Currently, there are no sewer inlets on site so all the rain water flows to the SE corner until it eventually makes its way into a storm drain.

Very little of this rain water

will flow into the Greenway due to the hard edge made on the North side of the site. In total, the water that hits the site equates to about 30 filled tanker trucks. The work being done as part of the 35W Interstate Project is aiming to reduce runoff surges into the aging sewer system that

eventually

Mississippi

dumps

River.

into

the

Capturing

and

reusing water on site, or just slowing its entrance into the sewer system will dramatically help to keep the Mississippi River clean.

84

85

TH FUT 86

HE URE 87

Project Manifesto

The following is a manifesto that

has been developed for the Kmart Site Project. Since the site is situated in an urban environment in which many of its people over the years have been disenfranchised, the purpose of this manifesto is to set a moral foundation for how the project will develop.

This is a three tier lens that

focuses on the people, the land, and the

future.

Many

aspects

of

this

align with the Minneapolis 2040 Civic Engagement Plan, valuing the process in which urban development happens and the trust-building required among the communities.

Creation

of

this

foundation

ensures that any process moving forward thinks back on who it is impacting and the long term effects of those impacts. This manifesto will ground the project

to force reflection and

critical thought at every step.

The research that went into this

manifesto

looked

at

the

past,

the

present, and the future. Seeing time as fluid and that change over time as inherent. How that change happens and the generational impacts it will have is where we find ourselves as designers.

To move forward is one thing, but to move forward together is another.

88

Intention Purpose Ideals Tales Memory Healing Connect Adapt Thrive

Seek Trust

Provide Opportunity

Value Quality

Amplify The Voiceless Promote Understanding

Value Informality

Embrace Complexity

Nurture Traditions+Cultures Community Outreach

Inter/Intra-Disciplinary Design

Urban Ecologies

Embrace Change

89

Intention Purpose Ideals

The first pillar of the project’s

manifesto will look to seek trust within the community through engaged outreach. The city will be able to provide opportunity for feedback in an act to uplift and amplify the voiceless. Engaging in this process will ensure that the project hears all considerations from the community.

This will

approach maintain

values full

quality

transparency

throughout the entire process.

90

and

91

Tales Memory Healing

The

second

pillar

identifies

the site’s history, both physically and

socially.

It

promote

will

an

understanding of the site and embrace its complexity by looking at its rich history. Only by understanding these qualities will the project be able to

nurture

the

diverse

traditions

and cultures that have shaped the area and the neighborhoods. Through this, the site will grow with the neighborhood,

valuing

and informal change.

92

both

formal

93

Connect Adapt Thrive

The final tier looks at change

over time. In order for beneficial change to occur there must be community outreach.

The

community

will

work

with designers, and designers will work inter/intra-disciplinarily with each other to move projects forward together. By working across scales we can take a step back and look at the city as a living changing being.

Valuing the urban ecologies that are quickly

vanishings

and

embracing

the change that will happen, this project will serve as a benchmark for

engagement

forward.

94

and

process

moving

95

3 Tier Approach To Programming

96

97

3 Tier Approach To Programming

98

99

Existing Site

Karmel Square Park Square

1-way South

Condos

Immigrant Resources Childcare Pharmacy Apartments Strip Mall

Existing Impervious/Parking

100

GREENWAY ACCESS

Lawyer & Vietnamese Food

Existing

"Eat Street"

Stormwater BMP's Vacant

Whittier Clinic Vacant

1-way North Laundrymat

Nico Manufacturing

Hibachi Buffet

Skincare Center

35W & Proposed Transit Hub Chinese Express

101

Primary Design Moves

1

Remove entire Kmart building.

2

Expand into vacant parcels & 29th Street to the North.

3

Bring Nicollet Ave directly through.

3

Existing Impervious/Parking

102

2

2

1

103

3 Unique Corridor Connections 1

Nicollet Avenue

2

Lake Street

3

The Greenway

1 2

Project Extents (11 acres) Existing Impervious/Parking

104

3

105

Secondary Design Moves

1

Nicollet Trolley North

3

Central Transit Beacon

5

106

Push Down To Greenway Bas

se

2

Greenway LRT East/West

4

Bike/Ped Connections

6

Pull Up For Skyline Views

107

Proposed Site Plan

108

N

200'

109

110

111

112

N

113

Community Land Trust

114

~240 Units Market Rate Units ~200 Units Affordable Housing 220,000 sqft Retail & Small Business

N

115

Green Roofs

116

78,000 square feet added of engineered green roofs

N

117

Activate The Core With A New Transit Station

118

N

119

Activate The Core By Moving Bus Stops

Moved from 3 blocks North

120

N

121

Activate The Core With Plazas, Food Trucks And Crossings

122

N

123

Lift The Greenway Up To Create ADA Access And Clear Proposed Greenway Lightrail

124

N

125

Native Prairie Plantings MESIC PRAIRIE 35-461

Whorled Milkweed Little Bluestem

Bur Oak

126

Purp.Prarie Clover

Sorghastrum nutans

Heath Aster

Switchgrass

Black-eye Susan

N

127

Stormwater BMP's, Rain Gardens & Cisterns

Gailldardia pulchella Joe Pye Weed

128

Great Blue Lobelia

e

Prarie Blazing Star

Meadow Sedge Black-eye Susan

N

Prairie Dropseed

Ironweed

129

Public Parkland

130

No-Mow Pollinator Turf

Seed Mix: Fescues, Clovers, Creeping Thyme

N

131

Skyline Vantage Points

132

N

133

134

135

136

137

138

139

Project Takeaways Effective community engagement and community lead design will be the key to success.

The K-Mart site will be a hub for multi-modal

transportation

across

Minneapolis.

The site's connection at the Greenway can improve the publics safety and public welfare.

Nicollet Avenue will open back up in some fashion and the community and future transporation planning will lead how.

Restoring this vegetal void will be beneficial

for

both

Minneapolitans

and the environment.

The site needs to get stitched back into the Minneapolis grid.

140

(CPED Archive, 1978)

141

Thank You!

142

r/minneapolis

@olsonolsoff

143

Bibliography

“About the Greenway.” Midtown Greenway Coalition.

Space2Burn, n.d. Accessed December 15, 2021. https:// midtowngreenway.org/about-the-greenway/.

Berger, Alan. Drosscape: Wasting Land in Urban America. New York: Princeton Architectural, 2007.

Carlson, Aandrea. “On the Uncompromising Hand: Remembering Spirit Island.” Open Rivers Journa, 2018.

Ehrman-Solberg, Kevin. “The Battle of the Bookstores and Gay Sexual Liberation in Minneapolis.” Middle West Review 3, no. 1 (2016): 1-24.

Hedlund, Jordan, and Adrienne Brockheim. Interview With A Minneapolis C.P.E.D. Employee. Personal, September 30, 2020.

Hedlund, Jordan, and Kevin Ehrman-Solberg. Interview With a Geospatial Professional on Redlining: Mapping Prejudice Project. Personal, October 3, 2020.

“History of Whittier.” Neighborhood Updates. Accessed December 13, 2020. http://www.whittieralliance.org/ history-of-whittier.html.

Holman, Lee, and Greg Buzek. “Debunking the retail apocalypse.” IHL Group. Retrieved January 2 (2017): 2019.

MacCleery, Rachel, Edward McMahon, and Matthew Norris. Active transportation and real estate: the next frontier. Urban Land Institute, 2016.

144

Mairead J. Fitzgerald-Mumford, “Shells of the Stores

They Once Were: Returning Vacant Retail Property to Productive Use in the Midst of the

“Roadway Data.” Roadway Data Fun Facts - TDA, MnDOT.

Retail Apocalypse,” Notre Dame

Accessed January 15, 2021. https://www.dot.state.

Law Review 94, no. 4 (April 2019): 1797-1818

mn.us/roadway/data/fun-facts.html.

“March 2, 1976 (Page 1 of 45).” Minneapolis Star

Sarah B. Schindler, “The Future of Abandoned Big Box

(1947-1982), Mar 02, 1976. http://login.ezproxy.lib.

Stores: Legal Solutions to the

umn.edu/login?url=https://www-proquest-com.ezp2.lib.

Legacies of Poor Planning Decisions,” University of

umn.edu/docview/1878484145?accountid=14586.

Colorado Law Review 83, no. 2 (2012): 471-548

Martin, Judith A., and David Lanegran. Where We Live.

The Residential Districts of Minneapolis and Saint

Schmelzkopf, Karen. “Urban community gardens as

Paul. (1983).

contested space.” Geographical review (1995): 364381.

“May 11, 1976 (Page 33 of 68).” Minneapolis Star (1947-1982), May 11, 1976. http://login.ezproxy.lib.

Stoecker, Randy, Susan H. Ambler, Nicholas J.

umn.edu/login?url=https://www-proquest-com.ezp2.lib.

Cutforth, Patrick Donohue, Dan Dougherty, Sam

umn.edu/docview/1878463056?accountid=14586.

Marullo, Kris S. Nelson, and Nancy B. Stutts.

“Community-based research networks: Development and

“May 13, 1976 (Page 45 of 92).” Minneapolis Star

lessons learned in an emerging field.” (2003).

(1947-1982), May 13, 1976. http://login.ezproxy.lib. umn.edu/login?url=https://www-proquest-com.ezp2.lib.

Torzewski, Virginia. “Nicollet Garden,” 2018.

umn.edu/docview/1878502304?accountid=14586.

Trygg, J. William. Composite Map of United States “May 24, 1977 (Page 24 of 68).” Minneapolis Star

Land Surveyors' Original Plats and Field Notes:

(1947-1982), May 24, 1977. http://login.ezproxy.lib.

Minnesota Series. Ely, Minn.: J. Wm. Trygg, 1964.

umn.edu/login?url=https://www-proquest-com.ezp2.lib. umn.edu/docview/1878546496?accountid=14586.

Westerman, Gwen., and Bruce M. White. Mni Sota Makoce : The Land of the Dakota. St. Paul: Minnesota

Metro Transit, City of Minneapolis, Hennepin County,

Historical Society Press, 2012.

Metropolitan Council. Midtown Corridor Alternative Analysis: Final Report. April 2014.

“Moving in Memphis: The Vintage Trolly System Helped Revitalize Downtown.” Mass Transit. 37 (2011): 8-14.

145

ADJACENT URBAN DEPRESSION

24' DIFFERENCE

146

STREET DROPS ~20'

147

The Plan

144 88

149

The Plan

Buy 4 parcels

155 00

151

The Plan

Cap the Greenway open bridges.

155 22

and

153

The Plan

Expand to Woonerf

155 44

155

The Plan

Iterate Nicollet Ave options and new Greenway connections.

Vertical access and new Nicollet Trolly station

NICOLLET SPLIT BIWAYS

155 66

NICOLLET SPLIT 1-WAYS

NICOLLET NORTH 1-WAYS

NICOLLET SOUTH 1-WAYS

157

@FILIPPA_d_ARCH

TOPOPHYLA

158

URBAN DESIGN LAB

@logan_cost.3dm

URBAN DESIGN LAB

MORPHIS

UNIVERSIDAD de BUENOS

@FILIPPA_

@ESTEFANIARO

Visual Appendix

This visual appendix is a catalog

of the inspirations that have brought me to this point. The images to the left are an array of firm and student work from around the world. Generally, they

are

pieces

and

projects

that

visually and spatially represent data, AIRES

UNIVERSITY OF VIRGINIA

mapping, and form. The intent of this work is to show the diverse ways of displaying ideas, space, and time. This work inspires me to dig deeper within myself and to look at the material that I create differently. The way in which complex information is put in front of

HARVARD GSD

someone is a powerful mechanism for change and understanding.

_D_ARCH

ODRIGUESARQ

MORPHIS

DRAPLIN

159

160

Precedent Work 2007 Portland Mall Revitalization ZGF Architect

Project Considerations Used Nicollet Mall As A Precedent For An Urban “Mall” Create A Greater Transportation Network Value Multi-Modal Transportation Ensure Community Input And Listening Sessions

161

162

Precedent Work 2007 Portland Mall Revitalization ZGF Architect

(ZGF, 2008)

Project Considerations Used Nicollet Mall As A Precedent For An Urban “Mall” Create A Greater Transportation Network Value Multi-Modal Transportation

(ZGF, 2008)

Ensure Community Input And Listening Sessions

163

Precedent Work 2018 Nicollet Mall Revitalization Field Operations

Project Considerations Project Stretched From Peavey Plaza To River’s Edge (Originally) Revamp Of One Of The Nations First “Urban Malls” Prepare For The Eventual “Greenway Trolley” Connection Many Things Were Value Engineered Out, Super Bowl Time Crunch

164

165

Precedent Work 2018 Nicollet Mall Revitalization Field Operations

Project Considerations Project Stretched From Peavey Plaza To River’s Edge (Originally) Revamp Of One Of The Nations First “Urban Malls” Prepare For The Eventual “Greenway Trolley” Connection Many Things Were Value Engineered Out, Super Bowl Time Crunch

166

(SEH, 2018)

(Star Tribune, 2018)

167

Ba

K

Precedent Work 2018 Nicollet Garden Virginia Torzewski Capstone

After 18’

20’ 10’ 2’

7

1

8

3. Cooperative Grocery Store. The reestablishment of the grocery store is 3 vital for the community. This cooperative grocery sells the produce grown in the greenhouse as well as other products. The aim is a store similar to a Whole Foods, without the price tag and without the stigma attached. Parking for the store and residential above will be located entirely underground. The courtyard within the store allows for a small plaza space, apartments above to have access to Kmart Plaza fresh air. This building is eight stories tall with an accessible, extensive green roof.

The food hall spills out onto the Kmart plaza with movable

and tables. A selection of 4. Eat Street. These nearly identical buildings which reflect across Nicollet seating the existing Kmart will remain on site, transformed into a hanging are broken up into several smaller retail spaces. Many small shops and restaurants 4 with fruiting and garden pergola flowering vines. The steel structure Restaurant will be left exposed to the elements are double fronted towards the street and the alleys to create many opportunities to change and transform over time. will grow upon the rusting for businesses to spill out and create plaza like spaces. The walls of the adjacent Vines metal creating unique shadows on Housing the seating area below. buildings would become opportunities for public art, such as art alleys decorated Food trucks are permitted to drive up on the twelve foot by local artists with spray paint, or with a traditional mural. Along Nicollet, walkway and park on the plaza.

Grocery A space is reserved near the the frontages of the buildings are shaped to provide nooks and crannies for greenhouses for a farmers market.

The market could be a bi-weekly Community Center pedestrian interaction and community gathering. Above the retail space are event where vendors from the Twin Cities area congregate to display another four floors of active space including residential, and the roof will provide and sell their goods.

The plaza is large enough to be Greenhouse segmented into rooms of activity space for solar panels or green roofs. and features fixed game tables like 5and chess. table tennis New Kmart “Beyond functional purposes of permitting people to get from one place to another and to gain access to property, streets- most 5. New Kmart.

To maintain the amenity of the box store, a new Kmart will assuredly the best streets- can and should help to do other things: bring people together, help be buildbuilt community, cause people to act along Lake.

To accommodate the appropriate square footage, it will take and interact, to achieve together, what they might not alone.” up the first two-Allen floors of this eight story building, with parking underground.

B. Jacobs Great Streets Roof access to this building will display an extensive green roof as well as a colony of bees.

2 6

4

Food Hall Access

Food Hall

45’

4

3

5

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BuildingProject Programming Considerations The buildings on site each serve multiple purposes. In compliance with zoning and future plans for the site, each building is at least three stories tall and along Lake that height increases to eight stories. Buildings opposite the site helped to dictate the programming of each building.

1

Nicollet Avenue / “Eat Street” Access

6. Green Living Residential. Connected to the Kmart, this half of the building is predominately residential, with retail on the first floor. These smaller shops will face inward, toward the park space. In this way, Eat Street if further extended into the inner ring of the site. Shops and restaurants could extend out into the space, creating plaza like spaces all along the ring promenade. Blaisdell Ave is connected through this building, which also provides access to the courtyards. The inner courtyards would be hidden quiet spaces featuring moss and succulent gardens, green walls, and herb gardens. The residents above would have balconies facing out to the street, out to the park, and in to the courtyards.

The roof of this five story building would have a dog space, a patio space, and a flower garden.

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Community Lead Design + Education Urban Agriculture At The Forefront 2

Local Business 2. Greenhouse.

Also connected to the food hall,Opportunity the greenhouse is both

a plant conservatory and an active growing hot house. The integration of growing with aesthetics will help visitors understand the process of food production, even in winter. Space will be provided for a coffee shop within the conservatory section, a space to seek humidity and warmth in the cold winter months.

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2

3

Master Plan

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1. Food Hall. Inspired by similar buildings throughout the world, this food hall would be a statement of the site. Comprised of many small food stands, this building is the perfect startup for small businesses. The food hall is also on direct transit routes with the new trolleys. The Nicollet trolley stops across the street, and the Greenway trolley has a direct connection through an underground hallway which extends from the building directly to the platform.

The food hall would be open all hours to allow multiple venues and events, including a beer garden located on the roof.

6

4

21

7

7. Town homes. Directly connected but differentiated through style and size, this three story section resembles a row of town homes. In an effort to provide many different forms of residential, these town homes would accommodate large families to live in the city. As a special feature, each residence would have a backyard which fronts the Greenway. A short fence would allow personal views but prevent anyone from traveling down towards the trolley tracks. The roofs of the townhouses would be equipped with solar panels.

1. Nicollet Trolley

2. Greenway Trolley

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3. Greenway Trolley Access 4. Food Hall

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19

8

5. Kmart Plaza

6. Children’s Garden

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7. Keyhole Urban Gardens 8. Green House

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9. Cooperative Grocery Store 10. Art Alleys

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11. Connected Nicollet Avenue 12. New Eat Street Buildings

8 8. Community Center. This three story building would provide the hub of activity for the Whittier community. This building features a community kitchen, where special events, classes, and open working times could be held.

The mission of the center would be to help teach about the importance of healthy living, and would feature a roof garden. A daycare center would be in this building as well as a form of Boys and Girls Club, that children could attend after school.

13. New Kmart

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10

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14. Plaza Space

15. Playground 16. Park

17. Orchard

18. Loop Promenade

19. Green Living Residential 20. Town Homes

21. Community Center

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Bi

Bi

Wa

Tr

Ve

14’ 20’ 4’

6’

6’

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8

Restaurant

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Housing

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Grocery Community Center Greenhouse 4

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New Kmart

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5

Building Programming

1. Food Hall. Inspired by similar buildings throughout the world, this food hall would be a statement of the site. Comprised of many small food stands, this building is the perfect startup for small businesses. The food hall is also on direct transit routes with the new trolleys. The Nicollet trolley stops across the street, and the Greenway trolley has a direct connection through an underground hallway which extends from the building directly to the platform.

The food hall would be open all hours to allow multiple venues and events, including a beer garden located on the roof.

1

2

Urban Gardens Children’s Garden

2. Greenhouse. Also connected to the food hall, the greenhouse is both a plant conservatory and an active growing hot house. The integration of growing with aesthetics will help visitors understand the process of food production, even in winter. Space will be provided for a coffee shop within the conservatory section, a space to seek humidity and warmth in the cold winter months.

3. Cooperative Grocery Store. The reestablishment of the grocery store is 3 vital for the community. This cooperative grocery sells the produce grown in the greenhouse as well as other products. The aim is a store similar to a Whole Foods, without the price tag and without the stigma attached. Parking for the store and residential above will be located entirely underground. The courtyard within the store allows for a small plaza space, apartments above to have access to fresh air. This building is eight stories tall with an accessible, extensive green roof.

Vine Garden Greenhouse Orchard

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4. Eat Street. These nearly identical buildings which reflect across Nicollet are broken up into several smaller retail spaces. Many small shops and restaurants 4 are double fronted towards the street and the alleys to create many opportunities for businesses to spill out and create plaza like spaces. The walls of the adjacent buildings would become opportunities for public art, such as art alleys decorated by local artists with spray paint, or with a traditional mural. Along Nicollet, the frontages of the buildings are shaped to provide nooks and crannies for pedestrian interaction and community gathering. Above the retail space are another four floors of active space including residential, and the roof will provide space for solar panels or green roofs.

5 5. New Kmart. To maintain the amenity of the box store, a new Kmart will be built along Lake. To accommodate the appropriate square footage, it will take up the first two floors of this eight story building, with parking underground.

Roof access to this building will display an extensive green roof as well as a colony of bees.

6. Green Living Residential. Connected to the Kmart, this half of the building is predominately residential, with retail on the first floor. These smaller shops will face inward, toward the park space. In this way, Eat Street if further extended into the inner ring of the site. Shops and restaurants could extend out into the space, creating plaza like spaces all along the ring promenade. Blaisdell Ave is connected through this building, which also provides access to the courtyards. The inner courtyards would be hidden quiet spaces featuring moss and succulent gardens, green walls, and herb gardens. The residents above would have balconies facing out to the street, out to the park, and in to the courtyards.

The roof of this five story building would have a dog space, a patio space, and a flower garden.

N

The buildings on site each serve multiple purposes. In compliance with zoning and future plans for the site, each building is at least three stories tall and along Lake that height increases to eight stories. Buildings opposite the site helped to dictate the programming of each building.

20’ Vegetated Slope

Platform

4’

Bike Lane

Trolley Tracks 7

6’5”

Bike Lane

4’

Walk Lane

20’

Stairs

20’

Platform

2’

6

7

7. Town homes. Directly connected but differentiated through style and size, this three story section resembles a row of town homes. In an effort to provide many different forms of residential, these town homes would accommodate large families to live in the city. As a special feature, each residence would have a backyard which fronts the Greenway. A short fence would allow personal views but prevent anyone from traveling down towards the trolley tracks. The roofs of the townhouses would be equipped with solar panels.

8 8. Community Center. This three story building would provide the hub of activity for the Whittier community. This building features a community kitchen, where special events, classes, and open working times could be held.

The mission of the center would be to help teach about the importance of healthy living, and would feature a roof garden. A daycare center would be in this building as well as a form of Boys and Girls Club, that children could attend after school.

Commun Eat Street Bus Bike Trolley Bus Stop Trolley St

Green Roofs Farmers Market Plaza Spaces Park

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Precedent Work 2018 Put A Tunnel Through K-Mart Politics & Aesthetics of Obsolescence

Project Considerations A Speculative Look At Turning The K-Mart Building Into A Museum.

Move To Turn The Parking Lot Into Public Housing.

Ensure The 10 Acre Site Belongs To The People Of Minneapolis.

Movement Via Facebook And Twitter.

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1976 Star Tribune

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