LOW ENERGY BUILDING ANALYSIS PROJECT 1
COUNCIL HOUSE 2 Ayesha Azam 0335258 Jocelyn Jill Joseph 0332751
Energy and Architecture
ARC61904
Tutor : Dr Siti Norzaini
BUILDING ANALYSIS
TABLE OF CONTENTS 01
INTRODUCTION
02
FAÇADE SYSTEM
03
LIGHTING SYSTEM
04
HVAC SYSTEM
05
RENEWABLE ENERGY
06
WATER CONSERVATION & WASTE MANAGEMENT
Site Context………………………………………………………………………………...3
Vertical and Horizontal Shading Device…………………………………….4 West, North & East Façade…………………………………………………………5
Passive Lighting System & Active Lighting System………………….6
Heating system………………………………………………………………………..…7 Cooling system……………………………………………………………………..……8
Solar Energy & Wind Energy………………………………………………..……9 Regenerative Energy……………………………………………………….……….10
Water Showers & Grey Water Treatment……………………….………11
07
AUDIT REPORT
08
REFERENCES………………………………………………………………..….…….13
Summary…………………………………………………………………………………..12
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Introduction CH2 Melbourne City Council House 2
Covering an area of 12500 m², the Council House 2, (alternatively known as CH2) resides in Melbourne, Australia. The office building started its construction in 2004 and was completed in 2006. Reaching up to 10 storeys high; the architects, DesignInc, were able to make it the first office-building in the country to earn a 6 Green Star Rating by the Green Building Council of Australia.
Awards
Site Context
Ground Floor Plan
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Top Floor Plan Layou
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Situated in a heavily congested location, the office building is covered on all sides, except the West front (where the main façade lies). The north side is partially covered by a building block next to it; however, it still manages to gain sufficient amount of sunlight for energy collection.
Annual Wind Speed
Daylight and Nighttime
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Façade System Designing the Facade
Taking inspiration from the human skin layer, CH2 focuses on two main features: 1. Dermis – Inner layer of the skin; a
space were several functions occur.: - Mechanical Systems - Vertical Circulation - Balconies
Biomimicry
2. Epidermis – Outer layer of the skin, a
layer that provides protection: - Façade responds to the sun location by adjusting and moving with it.
VERTICAL & HORIZONTAL SHADING DEVICES (In proportion to a glazed area of 1m x 1m) :
LIGHTING & GREENARY Since the sun shines more on the North façade, the dark colored frame helps the heat to be absorbed, and the hot air rises out of the stacks. A large amount of vegetation is placed on this side of the building, including inside and even on the roof, to maintain the original amount of foliage of the site before CH2 came about.
VENTILATION & WATER USE On the South façade, the visible light-colored ducts draw in 100% of fresh air from the roof and distribute it through the building. Water collection also takes place here and gets recycled throughout the office building.
HEATING & COOLING Considered as an attractive feature for both locals and tourists are the louvers on the West side. The wooden fins are responsible for allowing a sufficient amount of natural lighting while keeping in mind not let too much thermal heat enter the building to disrupt human comfort.
Façade System
West Side
5 4 Situated around 4.9m from the office space are these eye-catching wooden louvers that pivot vertically, opening and closing in response to the time of day and the angle of the sun. They are powered by photovoltaic roof panels. The material comes from recycled wooden products.
When the sun shines on the north side, the foliage protects the building from its harsh glare. Externally placed light shelves help in shading as well as allowing natural lighting inside, even to the deeper parts of the interior. North Side
East Side
Having taken inspiration from a tree bark, this façade is protected by horizontal shading in the form of a balcony (2.4 meters width) from the floor directly above it. This façade system is mostly active during the summer season and only then in the middle of the day.
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Lighting System Passive lighting system – Window
Wide to Narrow The lower level receives lesser light therefore windows closer to the streets are wider to maximize light and becomes narrower to the top to minimize glare
Glare Control External plants: each of the windows on the northern facade has a balcony with trellised planting on each side. Internal plants: moveable internal planters on each side of most windows on the south elevation
Active lighting system – Building Management System (BMS) Timber Louvres The west facing façade is covered with a system of timber louvres that pivot to optimize the penetration of natural light protect the façade from the harsh western sun.
Lighting
Fully Closed
The use of T5 light fittings for ambient lighting and individual task lighting for workstations will consume 65% less energy
Partially Open
The use of timber louvres correspond to the natural light intensity as the sun approaches the west façade, The louvres are used to block the intense light therefore the use of active lighting systems will increase.
Fully Open
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HVAC System Winter Mode
Summer Mode
Energy Systems
Shading
Landscape
During winter mornings, heated water pipes are required to heat the offices to ensure a workable office environment
Timber shading provide Full summer shading while allowing filtered daylight
Planted green roof tops to plantroom
Water Initiatives Water collection stored in the basement to be used for heating pipes
Energy Systems
Landscape
High level ceiling exhaust ensures complete emptying of warm air in ceiling spaces
Protect inner façade from direct sunlight and fresh air naturally ventilates the toilet
HEATING SYSTEM • •
•
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Times throughout the year when CH2 does not need supplementary heating or cooling to maintain thermal comfort. Air entering the building through floor vents, usually at a temperature of around 20 degrees, provides a basic ambient temperature control. Hot water will go through an underfloor hydronic system located around the perimeter windows. Given that air supplied to CH2’s office spaces is already heated to about 20°C, when heat is required, it is designed to be supplied at the points where heat loss is concentrated – the windows. Hot water pipes are located in the underfloor space along the north and south walls, while beneath each window in the floor is a timber grille supplying radiant heat from the hydronic system. There are also small wall-mounted radiators along the south wall to assist with heat to areas restricted by full-height partitions. The heat from the grilles under the forms a warm air barrier around the perimeters, which rises into the space naturally using buoyancy
Cooling mode
Heating mode
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HVAC System COOLING SYSTEM Council house 2 deal with heat load by rechilling recirculated air. The air is refreshed twice an hour, removing around 40 per cent of the heat load from the building. Remaining 60 per cent of the heat load is stored during the day and removed at night.
CHILLED BEAMS •
• •
The chilled beams consist of copper tubes looped through a metal structure. The tubes tie into chilled water supply and return lines running in the cavities behind the precast concrete panels. In passive mode, fresh air is supplied from the floor only. ( top picture ) In active mode, the chilled beams operate and cool down the air supplied from the floor. (bottom picture )
Passive Mode
Day Mode
Energy System
Wind driven cowls will generate electricity during the day
Roof top energy includes photovoltaic cells, solar hot water panels and gas-fired co-generation plant
Chilled Panels and Beams
Indoor Environment Quality
Turbines
Occupants experiencing ‘coolth’ by radiating heat to chilled overhead ceilings
Includes vertical ducts, Floor vents and exhaust
Shower Towers Water Initiatives Phase change is done through the water plant. Water is piped to plant for re-cooling
The falling water cools the water for building reticulation. The cool air also supplements cool air for ground floor and retail
Night Purge Turbines Assist purge ventilation by drawing air from individual floors through north ducts
Active Mode
Thermal Mass Heat build up in the concrete ceiling during the day is removed by the cold night air
Window During the night, the windows will automatically open. Cool air enters to cool the internal spaces
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Renewable Energy 6 micro turbines
SOLAR ENERGY ( PHOTOVOLTAIC CELLS ) 23 solar panels, which are equivalent to about 26 square meters of photovoltaic cells. These are located on the roof and generate close to 3.5kW of electricity from the sun’s energy.
23 solar panels This amount of energy are responsible to power the movement of the western timber shutters. About 60 per cent of the building’s domestic hot water supply is provided by 48 square meters of solar hot water panels on the roof. The pie chart shows systems that uses solar power.
WIND TURBINE ( MICRO – TURBINE : CO – GENERATION ) The main function of the turbine ventilator is to remove heat from the vaulted ceiling and at the same time generate electricity . This happen when the inner fan spinning around the rotor and the rotor is connected to the main shaft which spins the generator to create electricity . This provides the building 60kVA of electricity, meeting up to 30 per cent of the building’s needs.
INDOOR ENVIRONMENT QUALITY • • • •
Vertical ducts brings in 100% of outside air to be supplied to each floor to sealed access floor plenum Fresh air fed at low speed for air displacement through controllable floor vents The exhaust located in each floor ceiling ensure complete emptying of warm air in ceiling Wind turbine induced air flow out into the outdoors.
Renewable Energy
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REGENERATIVE LIFTS Regenerative drives capture the heat generated by elevators during use and convert it into reusable energy for the building rather than wasting it as heat.
The lifts in CH2 building generate power when it is in the breaking mode. This happen due to the building equip with power regeneration drive whereby energy is regenerated as electricity whenever the lift machine is operating in a generator mode. When the lift travels downwards with heavy load or upwards with light load, the traction machine will act as a power generator and the lift is in the regenerative mode which convert the energy generated from the lift motor driven by gravity into electricity for other uses .
LIFT By adopting the lift power regeneration technology the CH2 can reduce the energy consumed by building transportation systems by up to 70% . To compare between the conventional lift and regenerative lifts are 20% to 30% more energy efficient.
A comparison of energy consumptions among different elevator systems. (Source: http://www.otisworldwide.com).
Water Conservation & Waste Management
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WATER SHOWERS Placed on the south side of the building, these outdoor cooling ducts make use of both water and air conservation in order to cold down the interior of the inside space. Phase Change Materials (PCM) are used as a means to 'store' the coolness of the night and later use it to cool the building during the day. A good example would be around the summer, where the hot water in the cooling towers requires to be chilled, thus it the PCM reduces the temperature before they pass through the chilled beams and enter back into the office building.
There are 4 things to consider: Black Water Treatment, Grey Water Treatment, Rainwater Collection and the Hot Water Generation Plant. Nearly 100,00 liters of toilet water is taken from the nearby sewer, this waste, along with the sewage from CH2, goes through the water process treatment on site. Keeping in mind that this multi-water treatment helps reduce more than 70% of water from the nearby sewage to reduce the burden and allow as little waste as possible; the water is filtered out while the solids are thrown back to the gutters. Using a micro-filtration, the liquid gets treated enough to be suitable for non-drinking purposes such as water-cooling, plant treatment and toilet flushing. The rest gets used in other council buildings, city fountains and garden watering.
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Audit Report
Besides the stable amount of airflow, the overall thermal comfort inside the building was well received by the occupants.
Thermal Comfort
The air quality has been recorded to have surpassed the Building Uses Studies benchmark (BUS) with the average satistfaction percentage going over 50%.
Air Quality
The lighting aspect of the CH2 building had been rated fairlly poor, especially when compared to BUS benchmarks. Occupants requested for more use of artifical lights.
Lighting
For this study, a comparison was made between CH2 and the original Council House. Three quarters of the new office building occupants rated their productivity to be more positive as compared to the remaining 39% of CH1 employees.
Perceived Productivity
Noise Levels
In terms of occupant health, CH2 is rated very highly with low levels of employee reported rates for building related health symptoms.
Perceived Employee
References
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https://www.researchgate.net/publication/281092292_COUNCIL_HOUSE_2_CH2_IN_ REVIEW https://www.melbourne.vic.gov.au/building-and-development/sustainablebuilding/council-house-2/design-process/Pages/design-reports.aspx https://www.melbourne.vic.gov.au/building-and-development/sustainablebuilding/council-house-2/Pages/about-council-house-2.aspx https://www.slideshare.net/wasi_jaan/council-house-2-sustainable-building-example https://www.healthyactivebydesign.com.au/case-studies/council-house-2 http://www.solaripedia.com/13/174/1741/council_house_2_from_above.html https://rpc6yg.wordpress.com/2011/10/25/the-sustainable-case-study-council-house2-ch2-part-i/ https://c40-productionimages.s3.amazonaws.com/case_studies/images/33_melbourne_eco.original.pdf?138 9916000 https://cpb-use1.wpmucdn.com/blogs.uoregon.edu/dist/9/10058/files/2017/11/cuellarjose_late_82 210_4445249_Case-Study_Cuellar-1h5muae.pdf https://www.melbourne.vic.gov.au/building-anddevelopment/sustainablebuilding/council-house-2/conserving-energywater/Pages/heating-cooling-systems.aspx file:///C:/Users/Jocelyn%20Jill/Documents/CE%20Center%20-.pdf https://rpc6yg.wordpress.com/2011/11/08/sustainable-case-study-council-house-2ch2-part-ii-in-progress/ https://www.solaripedia.com/13/174/1739/council_house_2_systems_diagrams.html https://www.melbourne.vic.gov.au/building-and-development/sustainablebuilding/council-house-2/Pages/council-house-2.aspx
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