Complex Projects MSc1 Q1: Waalhub - Site Vision

SITE VISION

WAALHUB complex projects

Waalhub Site Vision

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WAALHUB: Site Vision a publication by: Lisa Blok Jonathan Kaye Chi Hua Liu Max Mika Harit Naik David Sauer Bo Vissers

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A

B

C

D

E

Food System 3.0

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-Introduction of Food Systems

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-Food System 3.0

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-Circular Systems

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-Hinterland to Harbour

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Waalhaven Analysis

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-Building Utilisation

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-Site Composition

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-Isolation and Merging

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Waalhub Site Vision

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-Components of Proposed Vision

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-Site Vision

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Development Strategies

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-Densification

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-Greening the Harbour

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-Food Innovation Hub

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Programme Proposals

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-Public Living Room

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-Waste-to-Energy Plant

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-Destruent Factory

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-Waalhab as a Prototype

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References

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FOOD SYSTEM 3.0

A. Food System 3.0

What role does the Port of Rotterdam play in the food system of the Netherlands?

The agricultural value chain in the Netherlands has three primary components: production, processing, and distribution. With the quality of its air, rail, and sea ports, the Netherlands acts as the Gateway to Europe for many goods, re-distributing up to 70% of imports to neighbouring countries1.

The Port of Rotterdam has been designed as an important

1. Adapted from De Bosatlas van Nederland (1ste editie).

Noordhoff. (2007, 1 oktober)

component in this system, importing and exporting more than 8.6 million tonnes of agribulk annually2.

Whether involved in the food chain during one or many steps, the Port of Rotterdam has a sophisticated, digitised system for managing these complex, often international networks of actors.

2. Facts and Figures Port of Rotterdam. Port of Rotterdam. (z.d.).

RESEARCH POSITION

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Above - Fig. 1 Diagram showing interconnections of Food System 3.0.

Since the beginning of industrialisation, there are two primary food systems: Food System 1.0 This system is characterized by dependence of both the local and national food production. It gives preference to local and small-scale producers in urban and rural areas.

Food System 2.0 This system is characterized by a larger dependence on national and international trade. This food system is often more consolidated and centralized, with greater global integration and reduced reliance on local production. There is a focus on minimised cost, just-in-time manufacturing, and linear systems.

Food System 3.0 As industrialisation continues and the globe begins the process of decarbonisation, a new system is required which combines these systems’ different efficiencies, distributions, and local connections.

With a focus on circularity, each stage of the chain is linked and renewed focus is placed on minimizing and reincorporating waste.

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FOOD SYSTEM 3.0

[ Shift to a local, plant-based, seasonal diet ]

ale f- S

ts

-o

Pro d

aste /W n tio

Circular Food

Consum p

[ Socio-economic ]

Above - Fig. 2 Diagram demonstrating circularity of Food System 3.0.

Dis tri

n tio bu

[ Reuse, Reduce, Recycle ]

n tio c u

n P oi

RESEARCH POSITION

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“Our food system has to change; we need to take a new course.

[ Energy ]

Two key trends will be defining our future: small-scale and sustainable on the one hand; and ground-breaking technology on the other.”

Hans Steenbergen, Co-Founder of Food Inspiration

A circular food system requires changes at every stage of production, processing, consumption, and waste management. While these systems are unique in 2.0 and follow a linear pattern, to attain circularity each must form its own small cycle which translates materials into itself.

By reducing initial materials, collecting and reincorporating

waste, and utilising embedded resources to spur each next step, Food System 3.0 is a wholesale shift in current industrial processes.

As a petrocentric port, Food System 3.0 offers Rotterdam an opportunity to plan for the future by investing in this quickly growing waste-to-value economy.

FOOD SYSTEM 3.0

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WAALHAVEN

existing infrastructure & industrial buildings make port area ideal for structural reinvention

MAASVLAKTE II In view of climate change, the port is facing major structural change, moving away from petrocentrism to a circular economy.

International Trade

biological waste presents significant potential in waste to value chain

An estimated 153 million tons of food waste can be imported yearly from EU countries, positioning the Port as a future hub in the food waste-to-value cycle.

RESEARCH POSITION

ROTTERDAM

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reused products e.g. feed or compost

HINTERLAND

upcycled products 92.57% of the Dutch population lives in a city. lower population density Production During the production phase of the food system, up to 11% of yields are wasted annually.

1/3 of food consumption in Rotterdam becomes waste.

86.3% of food waste (71,000 tons) is currently incinerated anually

Produ ctio

n

ce Pro

11%

ssing Retail F oo

18% 55%

The majority of food waste accumulates in cities and their surrounding regions.

ces r vi

old eh

d

Se

s

6.5% 9.5%

Above - Fig. 3 Diagram presenting food waste movement in the Netherlands.

Ho

us

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WAALHAVEN ANALYSIS

B. Waalhaven Analysis

UNTIL 1910

What are the existing conditions in the Waalhaven?

Situated to the Southeast of Rotterdam’s city center, Waalhaven is an important harbour in the city’s history. Dug by hand in the early-1900s, it formed the start of the modern Port expansion which has continued to the West in the decades since. With a length of more than fifty kilometers, the Port of Rotterdam spans industries as it features specialised harbours and quays for optimise key functions.

1911 - 1923

With the reconstruction of the city after World War II, the development of het Park in the 1960s, and the transformation of Kop van Zuid at the end of the 20th century, Rotterdam has repeatedly demonstrated its commitment to its inhabitants: the water serves the city.

Yet, at Waalhaven the situation is the opposite, with industry utilising prime waterfront and the public relegated to restricted, isolated areas.

SITE POSITION

1923 - 1941

1941 - 1958

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1958 - PRESENT Above - Fig. 4 Progression of Waalhaven expansion over the past century.

With the forthcoming organisational shift in the Port of Rotterdam’s use away from petrochemicals, the developed intrastructure and logistical network create ideal conditions for reinvention. At the fringe between city and industry, the site is optimal for the testing of a prototype which combines incongruous functions alongside one another to discover their benefits.

Waalhaven’s distinctive attributes inform a vision for site development as they afford different ways of facilitating engagement in the ciruclar food system. The potential of integrating public and industrial productive spaces will be considered alongside an investigation of the waterfront and possible activation strategies.

The city and the port have developed in a quasi-parallel manner. Other European cities have shown how this vital relationship can be strengthened.

The harbour is not to be perceived as an industrial wasteland, rather as a prime example of a place for creative recontextualization and reinvention.

WAALHAVEN ANALYSIS

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OUR PROJECT(s) | 5.000 - 10.000 sqm

12.370.000 sqm | SITE

1.141.200 sqm | BUILDINGS

618.500 sqm | GREEN AREAS

5.250.050 sqm | WATER

Right - Fig. 5 Proportional area of site functions.

Far Right - Fig. 6 Figureground map of existing site conditions.

5.360.250 sqm | TARMAC

The total site area of the Waalhaven (and M4H to the North) is 12.37 million square meters. 42.4% of this area is harbour / water, with over 30,000 meters of waterfront.

The rest of the site is primarily hard surface, with only 5% as permeable green corridors and parks. The distribution of green is typically along transit corridors and around the neighborhoods of Heijplaat and Charlois.

SITE POSITION

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WAALHAVEN ANALYSIS

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1.141.200 sqm | Buildings PUBLIC / SOCIAL

INDUSTRIAL

RESIDENTIAL Right - Fig. 7 Proportional area of site functions.

Far Right - Fig. 8 Figureground map of existing site conditions.

The total area composed of buildings is 9.2% of the site, or 1.14 million square meters.

The site is divided between functions.

Residential apartments are located to the East of Waalhaven and North of the Maas.

Industrial buildings line the waterfront of both M4H and Waalhaven.

Minimal public, cultural, or educational buildings are present. Sites like the RDM Campus are nodes in the larger harbour region, rather than integrated parts of daily life.

SITE POSITION

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WAALHAVEN ANALYSIS

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+30m - Outliers

30m - Bridge

20m - Cargo

10m - Hull 0m - Quay

Above - Fig. 9 Sectional key of site building heights.

Far Right - Fig. 10 Figureground map of building heights.

The height of buildings on the site have been cataloged according to a local analog: the cargo ship.

Near the mouth of the Maas, oceangoing cargo ships import and export thousands of tons of cargo. In Waalhaven, smaller cargo ships and river barges operate. Compared with a human, their scale remains massive.

Buildings can be understood to fit within several height categories: Hull (0 - 10m), Cargo (11 - 20m) or Bridge (21 - 30m).

While some outliers exist, the majority of buildings can be neatly sorted with this system into single-story warehouse and industrial typologies (Hull), residential (Cargo) and offices (Bridge).

SITE POSITION

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WAALHAVEN ANALYSIS

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A

ADD PICTURE of Real-Life Situation

B Restricted Connection to Waterfront (Railroad System) Top - Fig. 11 Industrial rail line as a barrier.

Source: Google Maps Bottom - Fig. 12 Industrial rail line as a barrier.

Source: Google Maps Far Right - Fig. 13 Rail line for port transport Source - Open street maps

Due to the extensive network of railroad tracks around Waalhaven and along its quays, it is difficult for people to engage with the water. This system, which was designed to facilitate efficient distribution of goods now faces a challenge: the most valuable good on the site is now waterfront access.

It no longer acts as a tool of connection, but as a barrier. This system contributes to the isolation of the site as public gathering around this resource is discouraged through its continued maintenance.

SITE POSITION

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A

B

Legend: Railroad Tracks

Residential Area

WAALHAVEN ANALYSIS

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A

B Restricted Connection to Waterfront (Industrial Functions) Top - Fig. 14 Cordoned boundaries of port industries Source - Google Maps Bottom - Fig. 15 Cordoned boundaries of port industries Source - Google Maps Far Right - Fig. 16 Areas with Restricted access for the common people Source - Site Study

The waterfront is not only difficult to access because of the railroad tracks, but because the majority of this premier property is restricted by companies operating here. To these businesses, the Port is not recreational, but commercial.

This separation from contributes to the public isolation of the harbour, particularly around the tips of each quay. Due to the scale of the industrail structures and reduced architectural quality, the visual appeal of the area is minimal. Without an understanding of the human relationship, these objects relate only to one another and the expanse of the water.

SITE POSITION

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B

A

Legend: Restricted Industry

Residential Area

WAALHAVEN ANALYSIS

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A

B Waterfront Top - Fig. 17 Image of site problem.

Bottom - Fig. 18 Site Map highlighting current organization of programs.

Far Right - Fig. 19 Site Map highlighting current organization of programs.

From the site, glimpses of city life can be viewed in the distance as landmarks and towers peek over nearby hulking industrial forms. This separation at the waterfront as vertical and sloping quay walls join industrial fences to prevent easy access.

Over 95% of waterfront is currently inaccessible and sites with access, like the beach at Quarantine Island, are quite far from the city center.

Water depth has also been evaluated and range from 5m near the Southern quays of Waalhaven to 10-15m in the Maas and through the center of the harbour.

SITE POSITION

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A

-15m

B -13m

-5m

Legend: Inaccessible Waterfront Public Waterfront

WAALHAVEN ANALYSIS

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A

B Connection to City (Public Transit) Top - Fig. 20 Bus Stop on the southern part of Walhaven Source - Google Maps Bottom - Fig. 21 Tram Track connecting the surrounding residential area Source - Google Maps Far Right - Fig. 22 Rail line for port transport Source - Open street maps and site study

Waalhaven is connected to its surrounding neighborhoods (particularly Heijplaat and Charlois) via land-based public transport, including bus and tram lines. These routes are infrequently serviced (about twice per hour).

Waalhaven also features four Water Taxi stops, so already features a number of water-connections for transit purposes.

Challenges include transiting from East to West across the harbour and South to North across the Maas.

SITE POSITION

W

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W W

W

B

A

Legend: Bus Stops

Tram Stations

WAALHAVEN ANALYSIS

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A

B Green Corridors & Parks Top - Fig. 23 Image of site problem.

Bottom - Fig. 24 Site Map highlighting current organization of programs.

Far Right - Fig. 25 Site Map highlighting greenery on the site.

As Waalhaven and Merwe-vierhavens are on the edge of the current residential area of Rotterdam and covered by heavy industry, implementing a welldeveloped recreational green structure there has not been a priority. The different green spaces that are present are few and are mostly focused in specific areas and along transit corridors. Although the area around the port includes some greenery, most of these spaces lack have a particular function and are often unused. They mainly serve the purpose of indicating a border or are used as a fill-in for left-over spaces. However, most of the green spaces do have the potential to become part of an improved green structure with recreational parks connected by green corridors.

SITE POSITION

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A B

Legend: Trees Non-Functional Greenery

Functional Greenery

WAALHAVEN ANALYSIS

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A

B Recreation & Cultural Spaces Top - Fig. 26 RDM along with its public water front Source - Google Maps Bottom - Fig. 27 Recreational Green Park Source - Google Maps Far Right - Fig. 28 Recreational and Cultural Spaces around the site Source - Open street maps and site study

Rotterdam’s primary cultural and recreational spaces are North of the Maas, including: Delfshaven, het Park, and Museumpark located just across the river.

To the East of Waalhaven, Zuiderpark offers a biodiverse, green center.

Generally, Southwest Rotterdam and the Port as a whole lack cultural and recreational spaces, further emphasizing its separation from the city. Challenges to creating a healthy, attractive development include managing nuisances from industry and expanding common access to green spaces.

SITE POSITION

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A

B

Legend: Cultural Centers

Recreational Areas

Learning Hubs

Green / Parks

WAALHAVEN ANALYSIS

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Biodiversity Top - Fig. 29 Diagram of species seen in the Waalhaven and M4H. Far Right - Fig. 30 Site Map highlighting locations species have been sighted.

At the moment, Waalhaven and Merwe-vierhavens seem to lack robust biodiversity because of port’s industrial functions. Different species which were seen in and around the port have been mapped and are shown per category.

These data demonstate animals living in and around the port mostly concentratein the green park areas, however the animal stock isn’t diverse. In the future, this can be increased by improving the living conditions of the animals, for example by adding places of refuge, including wildlife crossings and diversifying the habitats. An increase in biodiversity in the area will not only benefit the animals and plants, but also increase the quality of spaces for people, literally and figuratively bringing life back into the area.

SITE POSITION

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Legend: Birds

Mammals

Bee, Wasps, Ants

Green / Parks

WAALHAVEN ANALYSIS

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Left - Fig. 31 Highlighting non appealing architecture with large volumes Source - Google Maps Right - Fig. 32 Showing cordoned region, restricted Entry Source - Google Maps

Left - Fig. 33 Showing cordoned region, with large unused plaza Source - Google Maps Right - Fig. 34 Showing cordoned region, restricted Entry Source - Google Maps

Measuring Isolation with Parameters Isolation parameters were identified and assigned a rating system. This system was then assigned to the site as isolated areas (emblematic of extremes) were evaluated. These sites are of key interest for redevelopment. Parameters include: Connectivity — availability of transport and frequency Vitality — how active is the area (qualitative comparison with other areas) Social Connection — connectivity to other active areas for social cohesion Visual Appearance — comparing aesthetics of the space (architecture, nature) Feeling of Safety — connectivity and spacial vitality contribute to this metric Accessibilty — how easy is it for people to reach this area Recreational Environment — what recreational activities are afforded The most isolated sites feature heavy industry, railroad tracks, and little greenery.

SITE POSITION

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Above - Fig. 35 Map of select sites of isolation.

Source - Google Maps

WAALHAVEN ANALYSIS

.0

SYS

EM

3

T

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FOOD

Learning from Existing Conditions Above - Fig. 36 Diagram of the future, circular harbour.

Far Right - Fig. 37 Word diagram of the composition of Waalhub.

Waalhaven is a complex site which spatially mediates the Port and City, as well as Industrial and Public functions.

Its existing conditions separate people from the water, limiting the connection to this resource.

Restrictions imposed for commercial purposes have slowly claimed greater portions of the waterfront and specialised quay development prevents a soft edge condition.

The site is poorly connected, but this sparse development makes it an incredible opportunity. With careful analysis and infill, densification of housing, mixed use functions, green corridors, and transit are possible in a manner respectful to the overall industrial character.

Food System 3.0 will be explored as a programme strategy for the redevelopment of Waalhub: a center for food industries and communities.

SITE POSITION

Public Development + Existing & Anticipated Industrial Use + Increased Waterfront Access = WAALHUB

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WAALHUB SITE VISION

C. Waalhub Site Vision

How can the Waalhub become a prototype for a circular Food System (3.0)?

This site is not a tabula rasa, but a working, industrial harbour. The businesses, employees, local citizens, and Gemeente Rotterdam are a few of the many stakeholders on this site.

The goal of Waalhub is simple, yet complicated: to develop a new, food-focused industrial area alongside newly densified mixed use communities.

Our guiding strategy is to not destroy, but simply re-locate industrial activities. As turnover inevitably occurs in the decades to come, food innovation and industry will be incentivised, heavy industry will be encouraged alongside the Western quays of Waalhaven, and the East and South will be redeveloped with a mix of mixed use, residential, and light industrial functions.

SITE VISION

INDUSTRIAL

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PUBLIC

Above - Fig. 38 Diagram of Industrial Port and Public city merging.

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WAALHUB SITE VISION

Transforming the Waterfront into a Public Space With the integration of the urban fabric into the industrial landscape, the relationship to water must morph.

The once exclusively industrial water edges have now been made publicly accessible in a targeted manner.

First, this development will deprivatize strategic waterfront zones to form public promenades, increasing accessible waterfront by 20x existing conditions. Historically, many quay walls are vertical and create a physical barrier to the water. These will be softened through specific interventions. A catalog of possibilities will be used, such as the sloping andterracing of the edges, as well as the construction of floating platforms.

These accommodations will activate the water surface as a kind of new public space.

Each area of intervention will be carefully evaluated in order to minimally disturb existing industrial uses and facilitate co-existence.

Above - Fig. 39 Site plan mapping new public waterfront.

ACTIVATING THE WATERFRONT

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-15m

-13m

-5m

Legend:

0 - 10m Water Depth

+10m Water Depth

Existing Waterfront

New Public Waterfront

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WAALHUB SITE VISION

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Site Connections & New Transit Lines

Quarantine Island

Waalhub’s new public visibility and increasing density must by underpinned by a deliberate public mobility strategy. This strategy will be anchored by public transport (bus, Metro, and trams) and also incorporate water taxis, bicycle routes, and pedestrian paths.

In addition to newly established routes and schedules, we propose the construction of a central pedestrian bridge connecting the two sides of Waalhaven. This will connect Zuiderpark to a new Tidal Park to Heijplaat, creating a continuous green corridor. At the South, the primary artery which borders Waalhaven will be calmed and a new mixed use Food Innovation District will be assembled, creating frictionless waterfront access.

By 2050, Gemeente Rotterdam strategic plans recommend the addition of a Metro station to the SW of Waalhaven and a new Maas crossing to the North.

In this way, the site is connected both externally and internally.

Above - Fig. 40 Site plan with new site connections.

INTERCONNECTIVITY

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-15m

Anticipated Maas Crossing (by 2050) RDM Campus

W

W

Heijplaat

W -13m

-13m

Mixed Use Innovation District

Railyard

Legend:

Existing Buildings

M

Metro Station (by 2050)

W

M Existing Water Taxi Stop

Anticipated Transit Connections (by 2050)

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WAALHUB SITE VISION

Raw Material Imports & Value-Added Product Exports Anticipated global decarbonization raises questions about future function within Waalhaven. With a wealth of infrastructure and existing buildings, continued industrial use is logical.

This framework can be combined particularly well with the requirements of the circular economy, particularly the waste-to-value sector.

As the Port of Rotterdam is integral to the city, Waalhub proposes a logical evolution in program usage rather than complete transition. To accommodate increasing demand for housing in urban areas, residential units will be added to the site. Since the function and nuisance of industrial activities can be challenging to reconcile with housing, the solution divides Waalhaven in two. This will see flexible, heavy industry functions maintained and encouraged on the Western quays. Food system engagement will be incentivised.

To the East, additional waterfront will be opened to the public, changing the function to a dense mix of light industry / craft / atelier alongside housing and offices.

Above - Fig. 41 Site plan with new industrial utilisation.

RAW MATERIALS & VALUE-ADDED PRODUCTS

Raw Materials

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-15m

e-A

lu Va ed

dd

Anticipated Maas Crossing (by 2050)

cts

du

Pro

Heavy Industry

Quay District

Waste-to-Value

-13m

-13m

Railyard

Legend:

Light Industry

Industry

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WAALHUB SITE VISION

Idea Imports, Innovation, and Knowledge Exports In Waalhub, the public meets industry. First, in the Quay District to the northeast, public functions mix with light industry and smaller workshops. Each wharf includes a row of public buildings alongside a row of light industry. Through this zoning, a gradual transition between the level of nuisance from industrial utilisation to the public is enforced.

This also initiates a zone of gentle friction to spur discussion within the neighborhood.

While this area has been densely programmed, the existing building fabric is to be handled with care.

Using a multi-stage evaluation, the densification of the areas is proposed to be developed with up to 5 stories and some occasional outliers, as well as well proportioned infill.

The ground floor is considered to be a retail or cultural space, while the floors above are to be used for living or working depending on the district. The south is typically for commercial use, while the north is mostly residential.

Above - Fig. 42 Site plan with new mixed-use and innovation parks.

INNOVATION & KNOWLEDGE EXPORTS

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-15m

ge Ex

RDM Campus

led

ow

Kn

Anticipated Maas Crossing (by 2050)

rts

po

Mixed-Use Densification

Quay District

-13m

-13m

Public Living Room

Residential Densification

Mixed Use Innovation District

Legend:

Mixed-Use

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WAALHUB SITE VISION

Quarantine Island

New Tidal Park & Green Corridors As a final consideration, additional green spaces should be allocated within Waalhub. These spaces are divided into various sizes. The most significant is the corridor for biodiversity which spans the center of the harbour. Beginning from Zuiderpark, this corridor is extended over the existing railroad tracks an toward a Tidal Park. Next, the corridor runs along a new 450m footbridge across the bay to the opposite side where it follows a park area to Quarantine Island.

In addition to these interconnected green areas, the area is also available for productive green spaces, laboratories and start-ups. The southern edge is particularly, but not exclusively, intended for this.

Green areas will also be promoted along the public promenades at the water’s edge, as well as on and along buildings.

Above - Fig. 43 Site plan with new greenery and tidal park.

NEW GREEN CORRIDORS & TIDAL PARK

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-15m

Anticipated Maas Crossing (by 2050)

-13m

Tidal Park Biodiversity Corridor

-13m

Public Living Room

Legend:

New Greenery

Existing Green

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WAALHUB SITE VISION

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Waalhub Site Vision Food Hub Prototype

Quarantine Island

This Site Vision introduces new organisational principles in Waalhaven and implements distributed nodes of interest.

From East to West, the city extends toward the port as mixed use / light industry densify together. Heavy Industry continues on the West side of the Port, though participation in the agricultural system is encouraged.

From North to South, site intensification schemes are implemented as the NE quays are divided and a new public waterfront is defined. This continues with the creation of a new bridge across the harbour bringing biodiversity and pedestrian traffic across the heart of the site. At the South, a new food innovation district takes advantage of new areas of public waterfront and social connections to a new public community center.

In Waalhub, raw materials are imported and value-added food products are exported, as the harbour functionality amplifies the power of a circular food system.

Right - Fig. 44 Vision Plan with combined ideas for Waalhub developoment.

Legend:

Light Industry

Industry

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M4H — Phase I (currently being developed)

Raw Materials

-15m

ed

dd

e-A

lu Va Anticipated Maas Crossing (by 2050)

cts

du

Pro

RDM Campus

& on

ati

ov

Inn

y

SITE VISION: WAALHUB — PHASE II

W

W

Destruent Factory

Heijplaat

Waste-toEnergy Plant

W -13m

Tidal Park Biodiversity Corridor

-13m

Public Living Room

Mixed Use Innovation District

Railyard

Mixed-Use

M

Metro Station (by 2050)

Existing Green

New Green Parks

M Selected Project Sites

New Public Waterfront

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DEVELOPMENT STRATEGIES

D. Development Strategies

How does Waalhub thoughtfully and inclusively develop its novel districts?

Just as the site develops naturally from East to West as a partnership between city and harbour, public and port, the site will also develop from North to South.

As the Waalhub is created, different districts are formed with specific character. Some are defined by their heritage while others will be defined by contemporary structures.

This site is at the confluence of these systems and offers an opportunity to reconcile the waterfront as a place for strengthening the social fabric.

Three strategies will be investigated: >densification >greening the harbour >district identity

NORTH-SOUTH DEVELOPMENT

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Above - Fig. 45 Drawing of Waalhub at the heart of Port & City.

Together, these strategies represent an opportunity to redefine Waalhaven as a place not only for gathering, but for modeling a future prototypical Port.

This strategy presents a series of radical responses to the upcoming global decarbonisation. Instead of retrenchment to the systems which have worked, these propose a an

embrace of a more challenging balance: connecting industry with public life.

Modernism prefers cleanliness, reduced exposure to nuisances, and the presentation of completed goods.

Yet, as the world became smaller through global access societal problems grew and ironically the only true solution starts at the local level.

This new system requires compromise and sharing — an alignment of values between traditionally separated functions. Though this balance may be challenging, the promised ties, knowledge, and experience makes this an experiment worth implementing.

DEVELOPMENT STRATEGIES

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DENSIFICATION: Character of the Quays To minimize CO2 emissions and reduce the violence of demolition, a four-part evaluation strategy is proposed to determine the architectural and functional qualities of buildings in Waalhaven.

This strategy has been tested and implemented on the Northeast quays (labeled A, B, and C).

Buildings have been rated from architecturally and functionally poor (ready for demolition) to integral to site heritage.

This map demonstrates new areas of public waterfront, as well as densifying buildings acting with respectful organisation and vertical scale.

Proposed Demolition: 150,000 sqm New Buildable Area: 651,000 sqm Proposed Division of Area: >70% Residential >15% Light Industry >15% Mixed Use Right - Fig. 46 Densification Plan of Quay District (NE Quadrant of Site)

HOW TO DENSIFY?

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A

1.450

130m

m

B

114m

860m C

865m

Legend:

Industrial (Continued Use)

Reuse & Repurpose

New Densification

Future Affordance

New Public Waterfront

DEVELOPMENT STRATEGIES

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Reuse & Repurpose

Renovation

Expansion

Partial Demolition & New Construction

HOW TO DENSIFY?

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Depending on performance in several categories, a building can be reused to a large extent. These conditions primarily include the structural condition, aesthetic and historical qualities, potential function, and more.

Most Preferred (minimum CO2 emissions)

Below - Fig. 47 Diagram of CO2 emission x building preference for densification.

Expansion may be considered for a variety of reasons. For example, the existing volume may sometimes not meet the envisaged functional requirements. Other times, a contrast between the historic structure and a new one may be desired.

Demolition is also possible, but this is particularly typical in the case of structural or aesthetic defects of the existing building fabric are proposed.

Least Preferred (maximum CO2 emissions)

To facilitate longevity of use, it is typically necessary to renew the existing building fabric. However, the severity of this update depends on expected use and climate conditions. Thermal or structural retrofits are typical.

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DEVELOPMENT STRATEGIES

Quarantine Island

GREENING THE HARBOUR Food Hub Prototype Waalhaven has a poverty of green spaces, particularly those which are well-developed or productive.

To increase local biodiversity and augment recreational green space, a portion of the harbour will be reclaimed as a Tidal Park.

Implemented as part of a larger greening strategy which extends a Biodiversity Corridor from Zuiderpark to Heijplaat, the Tidal Park sits between a quay which will host public gathering functions and the quay which connects to the new bridge over the harbour.

In this central location between the new Quay and Food Innovation Districts, the Tidal Park represents the achievement of both interconnectivity and biodiversity goals. Nestled alongside existing railroad tracks and near to newly densified residential developments, this is a model for a multi-use public space.

Above - Fig. 48 Site Plan with proposed Tidal Park highlighted.

HOW TO GREEN THE HARBOUR?

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-15m

Anticipated Maas Crossing (by 2050) RDM Campus

Heijplaat

-13m

Tidal Park Biodiversity Corridor r

-13m

Mixed Use Innovation District

Railyard

Legend:

Proposed Greenery

Existing Green

PROGRAMME PROPOSALS

58

Upper Right - Fig. 49 Existing situation.

Lower Right - Fig. 50 New Tidal Park.

Below - Fig. 51 Section of new Public Living Room / Tidal Park.

Connection Public Living Room / Tidal Park This section shows the Therefore, park interacts with the Moreover, the park will form a link Partthe of the Connection neighborhood connection between the tidal water and the port and people can use in the green structure, between The third part of shows the the connection between the fourth Zuiderpark part shows the connection park and the north quay space provided by the lowThe tide. and the bridge from the two waterfronts. On 1 side the public living room is between the neighborhood on the east the public living connected room. toThe park contributes side to the to on thethewest side of the port, the tidalThe parktidal and on the also other side and theeast industry west side. it’s connectedbe to thebiodiversity, research/knowledge area. spacesWewith will densify the neighborhood tidal park will sometimes providing enlarging the living with area of a diverse The public livingroom, is part of the food circle housing. so the connection between the completely underwater, but will area. different fit for different of animals in the Waalhaven Fruit and conditions and vegetables areas will bepalette more important.

The and areasplants. from around (from the knowledge will be connected with a wide green be accessible during low tide.are imported species. area and from farms around Rotterdam) and used for consume. The produced waste goes

functional park, with bike and pedestrian routes that lead directly to the public

HOW TO GREEN THE HARBOUR?

In hope to promote more biodiversity in the area, a potential Tidal Park could introduce a softer connection between greenery and water, as the two are designed to flow through each other.

A network of paths through the area

59

allows people more options to move through the area on foot.

The Tidal Park will provide many benefits, such as: improved water quality, lowered risk of storm / flood damage, new opportunities for leisure and education.

DEVELOPMENT STRATEGIES

60

FOOD INNOVATION PARK Mixed-Use Innovation District At the South of Waalhub, a new Food Innovation District is proposed which acts as a prototype for an industrial harbour in transition. Here, the former heavy industry character will transform into food innovation. With the RDM Campus nearby and a variety of available buildings to expand into, nascent industries can be cultivated and coached from their early days to maturity, contributing to the Port.

With a focus on food innovation, floating farms, new pavilions, and a dense, campus-like programme are proposed. The railroad tracks and transit corridor which lined the waterfront are de-escalated hierarchically to make way for a trafficcalmed, green, pedestrian friendly public space.

Public living room (new area)

Urban farming

Floating platforms for experiments

Wooden decks for public

15 m Waterside pedestrian area

8m

5m

3m

3m

Green belt

Sidewalk

Bike Path

Green belt

HOW TO ENCOURAGE FOOD INNOVATION?

61

Below - Fig. 52 Section of the Food Innovation Hub.

STC mbo college (existing buildings)

Mixed with housing, innovation center, education, and recreational activities (new buildings)

HOUSING

OFFICE

OFFICE

RECREATIONAL 7m

3m

3m

2m

14 m

Traffic calming

Green belt

Sidewalk

Bike Path

Sidewalk

DEVELOPMENT STRATEGIES

62

Educational Campus

Rail and Road connection

Logistics Hub and Storage

Innovation Hubs Focusing on logistics Above - Fig. 53 Collage of the Food Innovation Hub vision.

HOW TO ENCOURAGE FOOD INNOVATION?

63

Innovative Urban Farming Linear Park

Water Front (Green Slopes)

Innovation Street

PROGRAMME PROPOSALS

64

E. Programme Proposals

FOOD SYSTEM 3.0 Programme Proposals

A circular food system requires intervention at each step of the larger cycle. This creates a series of smaller cycles, each of which are circular in themselves and contribute to larger sustainability goals.

Three programmes are proposed:

Above - Fig. 54 Diagram of the three interconnected systems.

Right - Fig. 55 Site map demonstrating the location and systematic connections of three proposed projects.

>a Public Living Room engaging the Socio-Economic / Knowledge Cycle >a Waste-to-Energy Plant engaging the Energy Cycle >a Destruent Factory engaging the Waste Cycle

INTERCONNECTIVITY OF PROJECTS

-15m

Destruent Factory

Waste-toEnergy Plant

-13m

-13m

Public Living Room

65

PROGRAMME PROPOSALS

66

THE NEW PUBLIC LIVING ROOM Upper Right - Fig. 56 Drawing of future site ot the Public Living Room.

Lower Right - Fig. 57 Diagram of the knowledge system.

In the future, the Public Living Room will be located between MerweVierhavens and the Quay District in the north, and the new Metro station and Food Innovation Hub in the south. Furthermore, the public living room will also be situated in the transition area between the residential neighborhoods of Rotterdam in the east and the port on the west.

At the center of new developments around the port, this quay will serve the purpose of bringing the people and the different functions together. Likely visitors will include residents living around the port and in Rotterdam, tourists, dock workers, students, researchers, and more. The main aim of the Public Living Room is to improve the current food system and share the knowledge which is gained in the different areas of Waalhaven.

The Public Living Room will become an accelerator in the change from Food System 2.0 to 3.0 by focusing on

sharing information and knowledge of the developments happening in the Waalhub and the Netherlands.

PUBLIC LIVING ROOM

67

Floating Farms / New Technologies

Local Agriculture

Waste

Public Living Room

PROGRAMME PROPOSALS

68

Connection: Water / Harbour

Community Meets Knowledge

The first part is the tip of the quay. Here, visitors will have a view all over the Waalhub and can view industry, the knowledge/technology area, and lively neighborhoods. There is also a strong connection with the water. As the land slowly turns into habour, people can use this area along with the tides. And to keep the harbor character, it is important to upcycle old buildings and elements which create this character.

The second part shows the route through the public living area, which will be a pedestrian and bike friendly route, with wide streets and sumptuous greenery. The section also envisions potential space for community activities and places to show research and educate people about new technologies.

KNOWLEDGE

FRIENDLY

COMMUNITY

CONNECTION

UPCYCLE

VIEW

Below - Fig. 58 Section through the Public Living Room into the harbour.

Part of the Circular Food System The third part shows the connection between the two waterfronts. On one side, the Public Living Room is connected to the Tidal Park and on the other side it is connected to the research/knowledge area. The Public Living Room, is part of the food system in the Waalhaven area. Fruit and and vegetables from the region are imported (from the knowledge area and farms around Rotterdam) and used for consumption. The produced waste goes back in the system and will be exported to the west side of Waalhub, where it will be processed.

Connection: Neighborhood The fourth part shows the connection between the neighborhood on the east side and the industry on the west side. The neighborhood will be densified as housing, so the connection between the areas will be more important. The areas will be connected with a wide green functional park, with bike and pedestrian routes that lead directly to the public living room. Cars are guests, so the priority goes to pedestrians and cyclists.

HOUSING

FUNCTIONAL

69

CONNECTION

CONNECTION

FOOD CIRCLE

PUBLIC LIVING ROOM

PROGRAMME PROPOSALS

70

Public Living Room The Public Living Room is a place for the community to gather and share experiences and knowledge. This is achieved not only through the new activities introduced in the area but also by designing a softer welcoming public street.

This includes friendlier in-between spaces which encourage chance encounters with the hopes of sparking up conversations between the different types of people which will be attracted to the site.

PUBLIC LIVING ROOM

71

Upper Left - Fig. 59 Existing situation.

Upper Right - Fig. 60 New Public Living Room.

Below - Fig. 61 Section of new Public Living Room / Innovation Area.

Connection: Public Living Room / Innovation Area When considering the qualities of the Public Living Room, it is important for the space to maintain its connection to the area’s character. This is achieved by retaining and reimagining elements which are currently on the site, as well as reconnecting people with the waterfront. This opens the opportunity for the public to view across the whole of the Waalhaven, including the activities of the new floating technologies in the nearby innovation hub.

PROGRAMME PROPOSALS

ic / Kno wl nom o ed c E -

ge

o

Cy

cle ]

[S oc i

72

PUBLIC LIVING ROOM

COMMUNITY / PUBLIC SPACE - 50%

73

PUBLIC LIVING ROOM

Lisa Blok & Max Mika & Bo Vissers

% AREAS of programme components

OPEN / GREEN SPACE - 20%

FOOD AWARENESS / EDUCATION - 30%

The Public Living Room is meant as a sharing point for knowledge regarding the food cycle and the transition from Food System 2.0 to a circular 3.0 system.

50% of the proposed area will be community/public space. This includes local projects as well as spaces where people can gather and meet.

20% of the area would be transformed into a green, open space. This includes the outside parkland and the connections with the water.

30% will be utilised for food awareness/education and includes various projects and event spaces.

Upper Right - Fig. 62 Proposed programme / area.

Upper Left - Fig. 63 Diagram of Waste & Re-Use Cycle Left - Fig. 64 Drawing of site location and site relationship.

74

PROGRAMME PROPOSALS

DESIGN PROPOSAL - NEW PUBLIC LIVING ROOM This design will focus on changing the mindsets of people regarding the consumption of food. The Public Living Room will not only serve the purpose of sharing knowledge, but also contribute to a place to gather and connect with other people living around Waalhaven and in Rotterdam. In order to achieve this, the design will focus on two scales: the local scale and the global scale.

Local scale On a local scale, the design will focus on connecting the people from in and around Waalhaven. Aside from this, the design will encourage people to take on healthier and environmentally friendlier eating habits. These goals will be established by introducing a community kitchen. This kitchen will be a place for people to get to know each other and to work together, while learning about better eating habits and how to implement these into their own kitchen.

The food prepared in the community kitchen will be acquired from farmers in / around Rotterdam and from the innovative (floating) production areas south of the public living room.

Global scale On a global scale, the design will focus on the future distribution of food. The design will be centered around the concept of the future supermarket in Food System 3.0. This supermarket should be a more sustainable link between farmer and consumer and should also encourage healthier and eco-friendlier eating habits. As the future supermarket is yet to be developed, the design could also include test facilities to explore different methods to distribute the food. This supermarket can be an exploration on its own and an example for the rest of the world as the new standard of food distribution.

This way, the design becomes a place where food, research and people come together to cooperate on improving the current food system.

PUBLIC LIVING ROOM

75

Above - Fig. 265 Collage impression of Public Living Room.

Far Left - Fig.66 Diagram of knowledge cycle.

76

PROGRAMME PROPOSALS

Above - Fig. 67 Exterior de kookfabriek - Eindhoven Upper Right - Fig. 68 Interior old industrial hall - new use Lower Right - Fig. 69 Interior old industrial hall - new use

Kookfabriek & Restaurant Royaal Strijp S, Eindhoven

I. The building is transformed into a restaurant and kitchen for cooking workshops. This is a place where people can gather and learn from each other.

PUBLIC LIVING ROOM — CASE STUDY #1

77

78

PROGRAMME PROPOSALS

Above - Fig. 70 Interior view of the transformed Gjuteriet.

Upper Right - Fig. 71 Exterior view of the transformed Gjuteriet.

Lower Right - Fig. 72 Concept diagram for transformation Gjuteriet.

Far Lower Right - Fig. 73 Structural concept for transformation Gjuteriet.

Transformation Gjuteriet Malmö, Sweden

Kjellander Sjoberg

I. The concept for the transformation of Gjuteriet includes reusing the current steel structure of a former shipbuilding industry into an innovative, public meeting place. By reusing the steel structure, the industrial character of the building is maintained while its function is updated.

PUBLIC LIVING ROOM — CASE STUDY #2

79

PROGRAMME PROPOSALS

80

WASTE MANAGEMENT DISTRICT & EAST / WEST CONNECTION

Upper Right - Fig. 76 Waste processing system — city problems.

Lower Right - Fig. 77 Waste processing system — port problems.

nt Fro t ter ron Waater F t n Fro t W ark ter ron d P Park Waater Focklaenment shopsn t D us rk tio n W Wo nova ator Am Fro t In cub arch ter ron rk In ese bs Wa ter F ent Pa aces lize R La rch Wa usem ral Sp Socia ion ea s t Res Lab u d c t n Am l Cu od An Colleectio tion ont rk t l c a n l o e n P u o F t o r Fr s d ti t ro Wa aste Cy ProoducsemenPark Wate t er F Park t n a u r d o g W er y P Am klan ont W kland Park Fr d EnnergPark Doc r Fr c k ter Do cklan te Wa nd Parark E and Park Do a Wa ps ckl nd ckl and P rk U o t nt Doockla D ckl o s ar Ups a r t p P S F U D r Do land tart ps art ps ate rt U s St t U ark ock ps S k Sta rt Up s Star ent P t W Par Dtart U Sta rt Up usem Fron ent ark sS P m p a r e St Am ate us rt U and ark Am Park Sta k ckl d P rk W Do cklannd PaPark d Par nt ent Do ckla land cklan r Fro k sem o k r o u e c a D Do t D s P a p t Am n U W ark t me art use s St t Park ark ent P Fron Am rt Up en t P sem ter Sta semsemen Amu Wa u t Am Amu n Fro ter Wa

k Par ent Park sem ment Park u t Am use men den Am use l Gar Am tiona rea Rec

Bottom - Fig. 75 Proposed programmatic plan of the key.

ark nt P ark P me use ent Am usem Am

Top - Fig. 74 Proposed development of the quay.

Non Veh

icular B

ridge

WASTE-TO-ENERGY PLANT

Lacks Source of Green Energy

Common people lacks knowledge of waste processing

Centralised waste Collection system

81

Inefficient Food Waste Recovery Process

Lack of Recreation/ Socialization Co2

Waste

City

Waste Processing Port

Problems faced by Rotterdam’s Waste Processing System

Reducing the waste to generate green Hydrogen to support the nearby areas

A platform where people can donate their calories as amusement activites

Creating a decentralized system of waste processing reducing the the amount of CO2 released during waste transportation

Providing a platform for various waste recovery processes and research for future innovations

Engaging Common people in the process of waste recovery.

Waste Processing Waste

Energy

Port City

Port City Port

Solutions to improve Rotterdam’s Waste Processing System

PROGRAMME PROPOSALS

82

SITE POTENTIAL

Rotterdam Port (Waalhaven Port)

Common People of Rotterdam

Education Hubs

Connects Port, Common People and Education hubs

Iconic Location

Connection transport

Waterfront Rotterdam

to

Rail

and

Water

for

the

citizens

of

WASTE-TO-ENERGY PLANT

Stitching the Green Corridor

83

Segregated access routes people and industrial items

RDM Compus

for

Waterschap Hollandse Delta

Port of Rotterdam

Proposed Public Living Room City of Rotterdam STC mbo college

Green Zone

Metro Station Proposal

Acting as a key element in connecting the Port and the City

Stitching major elements of the harbour.

Above - Fig. 78 Series of images analysing site attributes.

PROGRAMME PROPOSALS

84

Fig. 8 Vision Collage

Unification through Waste & Amusement

WASTE-TO-ENERGY PLANT Chi Hua Liu & Harit Naik

An innovative recycling system will divert food waste from the waste stream, while promoting public engagement and artistic perspectives. Focus will be placed on transparency, automatization, and response speed in the treatment process. As a result, recreation and education initiatives can evolve and emerge from this opportunity.

Assortment of Functions

This will also tend to change the vision of people towards industrial infrastructure. Rather than placing the waste plant outside city limits, it will contribute to the social fabric and form an integral part of the city and people’s daily life.

WASTE-TO-ENERGY PLANT

Rethinking Port Infrastructure

Creating a Green Passage [ En

85

erg y

Above - Fig. 79 Collage of the Waste-to-Energy Site Application

C le yc

Left - Fig. 80 Diagram of the Energy Cycle.

]

PROGRAMME PROPOSALS

86

PROJECT DEVELOPMENT IDEOLOGY Re-Imagining the Industrial Architecture

Re- imagining the industrial buildings which are currently not paid attention and considered as ugly looking part of the city fabric. This proposal tends to re imagine WTE plant and use it as an instrument to tie the people, their culture and behaviour, making the industrial sector more excepted by the people of the city.

Ref. Tainan Springs

Ref. Copen Hill

Ref. Upsala Power Plant

Ref. Concrete Plant park

Stitching the Green Corridors The idea of self maturing building where the natural surroundings slowly engulf the building within few years of span . A way of connecting and maturing the greens in and around the site.

WASTE-TO-ENERGY PLANT

Recreational Forum

+

Common Function

Waste Recovery

87

+

Blue and Green Infrastructure

Waste Collection

Dockland Park

1500sqm

1250sqm

Amusement Areas 2500sqm - Non Built

10,000sqm

Energy Production and storage

Recreational garden

Innovation incubators and research labs

Water Front

10,000sqm

3000sqm

Cultural Spaces 2000sqm

15,000sqm

1500sqm

Workshops 750sqm

Total Floor Space

Total Floor Space

3250sqm

Fun

Outdoor Spaces

6750sqm

+

Education

37,500sqm

+

Nature

= Waste as Resource and Recreation The schematic program works as a large frame work, where local people and researchers can assemble their own learnings and help the functioning of the waste to energy facility. In this way, local residents discover innovative ways to manage their household waste alongside recreational learning activities.

Upper Left - Fig. 81 Collage of the Waste-to-Energy Site Application Left - Fig. 82 Assorted references and case studies.

Above - Fig. 83 Programme calculations.

Right - Fig. 84 Diagram of the Programme’s relationship in space.

PROGRAMME PROPOSALS

88

TURN FOOD WASTE INTO BLUE HYDROGEN

Food waste

Biogas

Methane pyrolysis

Hydrogen

Zero CO2 Emissions during Hydrogen (H2) Production: Rotterdam port is planned to becoming the hydrogen hub of Europe.

This is one of the pillars under the port's strategy to be circular and CO2 neutral by 2050. Plans include setting up a first-class hydrogen chain, with projects focused on large-scale green and blue hydrogen production, imports and related infrastructure.

Food waste is a growing problem in Netherland and many other parts of the world.

How we can use the methane that produces by food decomposing wisely?

A study indicates food waste has a vast hydrogen generation potential.

Until now, hydrogen has been produced via conventional steam methane reforming / nwater shift reaction or partial oxidation processes.

Solid Carbon

To produce hydrogen in this way, many hydrocarbons such as natural gas are needed. Large amounts CO2 are released during these production processes.

But by using methane pyrolysis processes, for example, it is no longer necessary to capture and store the CO2. In this process, the C-atom of the hydrocarbon will be converted into valuable solid carbon as a result of which no CO2 is released.

WASTE-TO-ENERGY PLANT — CASE STUDY #1

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Above - Fig. 85 Cedric Price and Joan Littlewood.

Fun Palace promotional brochure, 1964.

Far Left - Fig. 86 Diagram of Blue Hydrogen formation.

Fun Palace (Unbuilt) London, England

Cedric Price & Joan Littlewood a “laboratory of fun” and “a university of the streets” “...socially interactive architecture.”

I. Improvisational architecture with aflexible framework into which programmable spaces can be interchanged. The structure’s ultimate goal is the possibility of change at the behest of its users (always in a constant state of construction, dismantling, and reassembly).

II. The building as a skeletal framework, within which enclosures such as theatres, cinemas, restaurants, workshops, and rally areas can be assembled, moved, re-arranged, and scrapped continuously.

PROGRAMME PROPOSALS

90

QUAY DISTRICT

Mixing Industrial & Public Functions

The character of this district is re-use and densification. Industrial character will be maintained and functionality

Logistical Spine

Direct access to water Traffic-calmed Zone

INDUSTRIAL

PUBLIC

Light Industry

Public Functions

Secure / Industry

Water

will remain. The programming on each is linear from least to most public, with a new, central, accessible waterfront.

Floating islands and pavilions

QUAY DISTRICT

Light industrial products, valueadded workshops, and ateliers will be incentivised to centralize here. Special

Greening the waterfront

91

focus will be assigned to businesses contributing toward the circular food system.

Open workshops

Below - Fig. 87 Section of new, mixed-use Quay District

Raw material entry

Value-added processing

Softening the waterfront

PUBLIC

INDUSTRY

PROGRAMME PROPOSALS

92

Raw waste materials are sorted, cleaned, and extracted.

Local bio-waste enters the system.

How does a Destruent Factory contribute to a circular Food System?

It “Closes the Loop” by: (1) applying scalable, industrial processes (2) implementing destruent production to valorize materials (3) optimizing bio-waste for productivity (final trophic level, re-start cycle) (4) spreading knowledge through its workshop (5) minimizing new construction through re-use

+

NUISANCE

DESTRUENT FACTORY

93

Finished products are distributed.

Materials are developed & processed.

Educational workshops spread knowledge.

New materials are refined and processed.

Above - Fig. 88 Diagram of circular bio-waste system.

Below - Fig. 89 Diagram comparing inverse relationship of social and industrial functionality.

SOCIAL

+

PROGRAMME PROPOSALS

94

Bio-Waste Processing

Bio-Waste to Value Factory

Product Assembly Public Workshop

~375 - 400m of Public Waterfront

DESTRUENT FACTORY

95

DESTRUENT FACTORY David Sauer & Jonathan Kaye

[ Wa ste C le yc ] 9.200 sqm

1.100 sqm | BIO-WASTE PROCESSING

2.700 sqm | PRODUCT ASSEMBLY

3.200 sqm | BIO-WASTE TO VALUE FACTORY

2.200 sqm | PUBLIC WORKSHOP

Upper Right - Fig. 90 Proposed programme / area.

Upper Left - Fig. 91 Diagram of Waste & Re-Use Cycle.

Left - Fig. 92 Isometric view of site location with program areas.

96

PROGRAMME PROPOSALS

ANCHORING A NEW MIXED-USE DISTRICT This Destruent Factory is a prototype of a Bio-Waste to Value Workshop which will anchor a new mixed-use area. Within this re-use development, existing heavy industrial uses on the site will be transitioned toward a new, vibrant mix of public and light industrial functions.

Taking advantage of the form of the two quays, the exterior edges will be utilized for raw material processing while the central waterway and waterfront will become a public district for ateliers, workshops, and waterfront recreation.

DESTRUENT FACTORY

97

Above - Fig. 93 Collage impression of Quay District.

Below - Fig. 94 Collage about light industry to public programme.

Value-added processes transform materials.

Raw materials arrive in the Waalhaven.

Open workshops enable knowledge sharing.

PROGRAMME PROPOSALS

98

Above - Fig. 95 Exterior photograph of Power Heat Plant.

Upper Right - Fig. 96 Ground floor plan.

Lower Right - Fig. 97 Section through the project.

0219 Warmte Kracht Koppeling centrale, de Uithof - Utrecht

Power Heat Plant de Uithof, Utrecht

Dok Architecten a heat plant for Utrecht to increase power station capacity

0219 Power Heat Pl de Uithof - Utrecht

I. A project with industrial character can leverage functional limitations and material limitation to demonstrate simple, powerful expression.

II. Facades can suggest and break scale expectations, concealing programmatic variation. Similarly, a plan can express a clear logic which is made rich and complex in section.

DESTRUENT FACTORY — CASE STUDY #1

5

99

5

5 7

1

2

3

6

4

5

Legenda: 1. olie opslag 2. transformatorruimte 3. voorruimte 4. middenspanningsruimte 5. WK ruimte 5 6. werkvloer 7. gang/vuchtroute 8.ruimte voor installaties 9. kleedruimte 10. hal 11. bedieningsruimte

Caption: 1. oil storage 2. transformer vault 3. anteroom 7 4. medium voltage compartment 5 5. Power heat compartment 6. shopfloor?

7. corrifdor/escape route 8. space for installations 9. dressing room 10. hall 11. controlroom

Plattegrond begane grond | ground floor plan

0219 Warmte Kracht Koppeling centrale, de Uithof - Utrec 11

9

10

6 3

4

100

PROGRAMME PROPOSALS

Above - Fig. 98 Interior photograph of covered green corridor.

Upper Right - Fig. 99 Interior photograph of an architecture firm / atelier.

Lower Right - Fig. 100 Exterior photograph of the site organisation.

Oberhafen Quarter Hamburg, Germany

5+1 Collective a limited lease creative quarter, open workshops, and supermarket

I. In this project of industrial reuse, industrial character is maintained while open plans enable multifunctionality. Multiple discrete forms are subdivided and interconnected.

II. Greenery is welcomed indoors and small-scale horticulture is facilitated.

Connections to the surrounding area are furhter enhanced by relationships to existing transit and distribution networks.

DESTRUENT FACTORY — CASE STUDY #2

101

PROGRAMME PROPOSALS

102

CITY

PORT

WAALHUB AS A PROTOTYPE

CONNECTING PORT + CITY WITH WAALHUB Above - Fig. 101 Diagram of the two “hands” of Waalhaven merging together.

Far Right - Fig. 102 Site Map highlighting relationship of (3) programmes.

A circular food system, unlike its predecessors, is not a closed entity.

Instead, it is created through the interaction of a multitude of systems which influence and condition each other. Therefore, it is no longer sufficient to consider only the classical actors, rather it is necessary to expand the concept.

This can be observed in how the three projects relate to one another locally and in the overall food system.

Each evaluates the food system through a new lens, respectively taking a position on social and human change, the energy system, as well as the reinterpretation of supposedly worthless by-products. Each project embodies the circular economy not as a whole but rather in its understanding and approach to material and energy flow.

WAALHUB AS A PROTOTYPE

103

-15m

Destruent Factory

Waste-toEnergy Plant

-13m

-13m

Public Living Room

104

References Ahn. (2020, March 24). Ahn Viewer. AHN. Retrieved October 3, 2022, from https://www.ahn.nl/ahn-viewer.

A history of the port of rotterdam. Twente Express. (2016, September 30). Retrieved October 3, 2022, from http://t wente.co.uk/a-history-of-the-port-of-rotterdam/ Atlas van de verstedelijking in Nederland: 1000 jaar ruimtelijke ontiwikkeling Rutte, R., Abrahamse, J. E., Hamers, D., IJsselstijn, M., Mil, Y. van, Diesfeldt, O. R., Kosian, M., Pané, I., & Waaijer, A. de. (2014).

Atlas van de verstedelijking in Nederland: 1000 jaar ruimtelijke ontwikkeling. Uitgeverij THOTH. Cargo throughput rotterdam. (n.d.). Retrieved October 3, 2 022, from https://www.portofrotterdam.com/sites/ default/files/2022-06/facts-and-figures-port-ofrotterdam.pdf Cbs. (2021, February 9). How do we use our land? CBS. Retrieved October 3, 2022, from https://longreads.cbs. nl/the-netherlands-in-numbers-2020/how-do-we-useour-land/ (CCA), C. C. for A. (n.d.). 1964: Fun Palace. Canadian Centre for Architecture. Retrieved October 31, 2022, from https://www.cca.qc.ca/en/articles/issues/2/what-thefuture-looked-like/32737/1964-fun-palace City Region Food Systems. (2014). Ruaf Foundation. https:// ruaf.org/assets/2019/11/Urban-Agriculture-Magazineno.-29-City-Region-Food-Systems.pdf Contact. (z.d.). Villa Augustus Dordrecht. Geraadpleegd op 3 oktober 2022, van https://www.villa-augustus.nl/contact/ Country Shops. (z.d.). Landwinkel. https://landwinkel.nl/ vestiging-zoeker

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Semrush. (n.d.). Retrieved October 3, 2022, from https:// www.semrush.com/website/ctfassets.net/overview/ Definitief Ontwerp Getijdenpark Keilehaven. (2022, July 22). M4H Rotterdam. https://m4hrotterdam.nl/nieuws/definitiefontwerp-getijdenpark-keilehaven/ Eurostat. (2022, October). Food waste and food waste prevention - estimates. https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/statisticsexplained/index.php?title=Food_waste_and_food_ waste_prevention_-_estimates Food waste: Who is responsible? (2022, April 14). Instock. h ttps://www.instock.nl/en/food-waste/ Gemeente Rotterdam. (n.d.). Woonvisie | Rotterdam.nl. Retrieved October 31, 2022, from https://www.rotterdam.nl/wonenleven/woonvisie/ Harrouk, C. (2020, December 3). Kjellander Sjoberg to Transform Former Shipbuilding Industry into Vibrant Creative Hub in Malmö, Sweden. ArchDaily. https://www.archdaily. com/952272/kjellander-sjoberg-to-transform-formershipbuilding-industry-into-vibrant-creative-hub-in-malmosweden?ad_medium=gallery Kadaster. (2018). Kaarten. Atlas Leefomgeving. https://www. atlasleefomgeving.nl/kaarten?config=3ef897de-127f471a-959b-93b7597de188 Kadaster. (n.d.). Hoogste gebouwen van Nederland. Webmapper.

Retrieved October 31, 2022, from https://apps. webmapper.nl/gebouwen/ Marselle, M. R., Lindley, S. J., Cook, P. A., & Bonn, A. (2021).

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complex projects