A Landscape Design for the Sophia Smith Homestead - Hatfield, MA

The Antonetti Property An Ecological Landscape Design 22 Main Street Hatfield, MA 01038 Index Project Overview & Goals......1 Context.....................................2 Ecological relevance..............3 Existing conditions.................4 Drainage...................................5 Legal setbacks.........................6 Zones of use & circulation.....7 Views.........................................8 Sun/Shade diagram.................9 Summary analysis..................10 Design alternatives................11 Final design.............................12 Design Details And Grading..13 Materials and Precedents....14 Plant Palette I........................15 Plant Palette II.......................16 Plant Palette III......................17 Designer: Jillian Ferguson

The Conway School, Fall 2014

PROJECT GOALS

The Antonettis’ goals are to : 1. Improve poor drainage on the north side of the home and around the garage.

THE CLIENTS

5. Reduce the expansive lawn.

6. Encourage bird activity.

Water pooling around the garage and walkways

Water pooling in the driveway

Unappealing views of neighbor parking area

Views of farmland and the Connecticut River are appealing

Hatfield, MA 01038

The homestead was the birthplace of Sophia Smith, founder of Smith College. Built circa 1790, it remained her home until a few years before her death. The property was purchased in 1915 by the Alumnae Association of Smith College and restored and furnished by the class of 1896 through loans, purchases, and gifts, with much of its original furniture. It served for a time as a wayside inn and tea shop before becoming a private residence. In 1946, the Alumnae Association sold the homestead to the College.

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4. Site a four-season room.

Prepared By: jillian Ferguson April 20, 2015

THE HISTORY OF THE SITE

Antonetti residence

3. Find ways to increase sunlight on the property.

A Landscape Design For the

The Antonettis are interested in creating an outdoor environment that encourages relaxation, while offering sanctuary from the couple’s hectic work week and Georgia’s busy school schedule, while honoring the property’s historical significance.

2. Enhance privacy from neighbors while maintaining views of farmland and the Connecticut River.

Project Overview & Goals

Nina and Martin Antonetti currently reside in their federal style home in Hatfield, Massachusetts, with their daughter Georgia. The Antonettis purchased the home in 2006, charmed by its significant historical ties and proximity to neighboring Northampton. The home is nestled along the banks of the Connecticut River, while the Berkshire foothills lie to the west.

332 S. Deerfield Road | PO Box 179 | Conway, MA 01341 413-369-4044 www.csld.edu

Project Overview & Goals

Hatfield is conveniently located off Interstate 91, and near neighboring Northampton.

Not for construction. Part of a student project and not based on a legal survey

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332 S. Deerfield Road | PO Box 179 | Conway, MA 01341 413-369-4044 www.csld.edu

Context

Martin’s job commute to Smith College approximately 6 miles away.

AGRICULTURE With some of the richest land in Massachusetts, Hatfield has been primarily an agricultural town with some small industry.

The town became one of the state’s centers for growing tobacco. Current crops include tobacco, onions, asparagus, cucumbers, and potatoes.

Currently, the farmland to the east of the property is leased for growing spinach.

The town of Hatfield has a strong identity as an agricultural community. Potatoes in particular are an abundant crop grown, and are occasionally grown in farmland adjacent to the Antonetti property.

PRIMARY WATERSHED Rain and snowmelt in Hatfield flows either directly to the Connecticut River or through the Mill River Watershed. Just south of the Whately line, the Mill River was straightened as part of the construction of Interstate 91. Below this the river meanders naturally back and forth across the landscape. All of Hatfield is situated in the Connecticut River watershed. Naturally occurring surface water finds it way to the Connecticut River, which consists of 7.5 miles of the town’s eastern and southeastern boundaries. The Antonettis’ primary watershed is the Connecticut River. Water that leaves the property during heavy rains and snowmelt drains to the adjacent farmland that falls to the east or the surrounding storm drains along Main Street.

Not for construction. Part of a student project and not based on a legal survey

Hatfield, MA 01038

Hatfield’s location adjacent to the college towns of Northampton and Amherst, as well as its access to Interstate 91, have contributed to its development as a bedroom community for these larger towns and the cities of Springfield, Greenfield, and others along the I-91 corridor.

The Antonettis appreciate this short daily commute to Northampton for Martin, Conway for Nina, and Greenfield for Georgia.

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LOCATION

Antonetti residence

Antonetti Residence

Prepared By: jillian Ferguson April 20, 2015

To Nina’s work and Georgia’s school

Context

The entrance to Hatfield from the I-91 interchange at Exit 21 on Route 5 shows limited commercial and industrial development.

Towards the east, the land becomes a mosaic of residential areas, surrounded by active farmland and interspersed with wooded floodplains. Approaching Main Street are 18th- and 19th-century farmhouses, early-20th-century clapboard homes and 1950s-style houses. Old tobacco barns break up the landscape and beyond the fields is a dike and the Connecticut River. Traversing the floodplain fields and connecting Main Street to the dike are long, unpaved farm roads.

Main Street is also a main thoroughfare for sixteen-wheeler trucks that primarily transport agricultural goods and supplies from surrounding farmland and processing plants. This heavy traffic is loud and bothersome for the Antonetti family.

A Landscape Design For the

OVERVIEW

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332 S. Deerfield Road | PO Box 179 | Conway, MA 01341 413-369-4044 www.csld.edu

Ecological Relevance OVERVIEW

The photo above illustrates the residential human corridor along the main roads, while the blue illustrates the primary rivers surrounding the property , the Connecticut River to the east and the serpentine Mill River to the west. Active agricultural land provides a buffer between the rivers and residential areas. Wildlife such as migratory grassland birds are attracted to this open landscape. However, due to heavy pesticide use, their prime food source, insects, remain scarce. Residential patches such as the Antonetti property can provide a habitat for common and rare bird species, something of great interest to the Antonettis.

The Eastern bluebird, in particular, was a common species during the historical period when settlers cleared forests to create fields and orchards. During the twentieth century, bluebird populations declined by about 90 percent due to changing land use, and habitat destruction causing severe competition for other native bird species, as well as the alien house sparrow and European starling. Adverse weather, pesticides, and a decline of winter food supply further stress bluebirds.

The Antonettis are interested in providing habitat for migratory birds, and for generalists such as cardinals, mockingbirds, crows and blue jays. They want to attract arctic species that are drawn to the open landscape that the adjacent farmland provides. An adequate year-round food source on the Antonetti property such as berries and seeds, will provide a sanctuary for birds as they travel along the Connecticut and Mill Rivers and utilize the open farm land as a corridor.

Male and female Eastern bluebirds are common in the fields of Pioneer Valley.

Hatfield, MA 01038

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Antonetti residence

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Hatfield’s forest resources encompass approximately 45 percent of the town’s land area.

Hatfield’s substantial wooded areas are critical habitat for bears, coyotes, deer, bobcats, grouse, turkeys, woodpeckers, porcupines, and deepwood songbirds such as wood thrush, scarlet tanager, veery and Eastern bluebird.

Ecological Relevance

Crop cultivation and forestry kept large areas of Hatfield from being more intensely developed, while also providing habitat and movement corridors for an abundance of wildlife. If these areas become developed, wildlife habitat and corridors for many species may become restricted.

A Landscape Design For the

Hatfield comprises abundant open space, broad and flat agricultural fields, and expanses of forested hill country. Residential development encroaches upon the town’s forested western sections, its southern and central agricultural areas, and its eastern floodplain.

The native veery perched in an apple tree.

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332 S. Deerfield Road | PO Box 179 | Conway, MA 01341 413-369-4044 www.csld.edu

Existing Conditions

Neighbor

Neighbors Sugar Maple

Main Street

Norway Maples

Arborivitaes Eastern Hemlocks

Sugar Maple

Patio

Sugar Maple

House

Sugar Maple

Pear and Peach Orchard

Barn

A’ Active Farmland

Access Road

Privet Screen

Main Street

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River Birch

Hatfield, MA 01038

Garage

Antonetti residence

A

A Landscape Design For the

Situated in an agrarian residential neighborhood in Hatfield, visually the 2,730-square-foot property sits upon 0.67 acres, and is strongly defined by its relationship to its neighbors. The homes both to the north and south are occupied by many tenants. Therefore there are typically many parked cars that occupy the parking areas within view of the Antonettis’ home. Currently privacy screens consisting of arborvitaes and hemlocks shield views of neighbors to the north, while a screen of common privet which has invasive qualities blocks views of neighbors to the south. While the evergreen privacy screen to the north of the property is visually appealing, the screen consisting of common privet lacks visual interest for the clients.

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• Due to the historical significance of this site, the Antonettis are interested in keeping the front of the home subdued.

• Creating privacy from neighbors while maintaining views is a primary concern.

• The Antonettis are attached to the existing cluster of birches for their aesthetic appeal.

• The existing patio offers an appealing cool and shaded area for summer gathering; however, the poor drainage in this area creates unappealing conditions.

• The barn currently serves as a utility space and was built well after the home was built and holds little historical significance. The barn’s foundation is in good shape.

Neighbor

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Primary Vegetation Stately sugar maples planted for maple syrup production are growing along Main Street on town property. An invasive Norway maple is located at the northeast side of the property within the Antonettis’ property line. River birch and rhododendrons separate the northern side of the home from the garage. An orchard consisting of peaches and pears is found in the eastern end of the property.

Prepared By: jillian Ferguson April 20, 2015

The Antonettis rarely use the front Main Street entrance to their home. Main Street is a primary road with moderate rush hour car traffic. Additionally, large trucks primarily hauling agricultural materials create noise pollution from as early as 6 a.m until the evening hours.

Existing Conditions

Design Implications

Adjacent Agricultural Fields Spinach fields east of the property create visual interest throughout the year.

A

Main Street

Front Lawn

House

Sugar Maple

Barn

Lawn

Orchard

Bench

Farmland

A’

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332 S. Deerfield Road | PO Box 179 | Conway, MA 01341 413-369-4044 www.csld.edu

Drainage POOLING

The property is largely flat with < 1% slopes, and an elevation change of only six inches from its highest to lowest points. Water pools on the north side of the home between the patio area and garage, making access to the garage difficult. Water pooling increases during the spring when show melts on the property. A snow bank on the north side of the property melts in the spring and creates a high volume of water around the garage.

According to the NRCS Web Soil Survey, this landscape has poorly drained and wet soils, with shallow depth to bedrock. The soils within Hatfield are almost evenly divided between two predominant soils associations: Hadley Silt Loam and Winooski Silt Loam. The Antonetti property soils are Hadley Silt Loam. An area of Winooski silt loam is approximately one hundred feet east of the property.

STORM DRAINS

40ft.

Finding a solution for keeping water run-off on site would put less stain on the already-strained watertreatment plant.

3’’ contour intervals

Direction of water flow

Design Implications • The water pooling around the garage, driveway and north side of the home limit the Antonettis’ opportunities for outdoor enjoyment. Using the north side of the home as a summer outdoor retreat due to its cool and shaded microclimate should be considered.

• Redirecting and infiltrating water on the property by using proper grading methods will create more inviting outdoor spaces while limiting the need for nearby storm drains to capture excess water.

• The Hadley Silt Loam on the property is ideal for planting. These soils are compatible with many species of edibles and ornamentals.

• The compacted soils on the site make water infiltration a challenge, but increasing deep-rooted vegetation in these areas will help to break up these highly compacted soils.

Prepared By: jillian Ferguson April 20, 2015

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Drainage

The Antonettis’ home is connected to the town sewer. The wastewater treatment plant is eighteen years old and is located off Main Street .03 miles away from the Antonetti property. According to the towns DPW, some sewer lines are aging and facing problems with infiltration and inflow. Some of the pipes are cracked, and groundwater seeps in during heavy rains. Therefore the town’s water treatment plant ends up treating groundwater and during heavy storms, it fills to capacity because of the inflow.

Hatfield, MA 01038

SOILS

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A Landscape Design For the

Compacted soils due to foot traffic and former impervious surfaces such as a driveway and parking area reduce the soil’s ability to infiltrate water.

Antonetti residence

COMPACTED SOILS

North Not for construction. Part of a student project and not based on a legal survey

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332 S. Deerfield Road | PO Box 179 | Conway, MA 01341 413-369-4044 www.csld.edu

Legal Setbacks ZONING SETBACKS The town of Hatfield imposes zoning setbacks of thirty-five feet from the front of the property line and fifteen feet from both sides and the rear of the property.

15’ 35’

RIVERFRONT PROTECTION The Massachusetts Rivers Protection Act provides protection for both the Mill and Connecticut Rivers that are both in close proximity to the Antonettis’ property.

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40ft.

Hatfield, MA 01038

15’

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15’

Antonetti residence

500 YEAR : The Antonettis’ property lies in the 500-year floodplain, i.e. an area with a 0.2 percent chance of flooding in a given year. The floodplain serves as critical habitat for many plant and animal species and provides some of the richest agricultural soils in the Pioneer Valley.

100 YEAR : The Antonettis’ property lies approximately 50 feet from the edge of the 100-year floodplain. Development in Hatfield is limited within both the 100-year floodplain and wetlands as defined under the Massachusetts wetland protection act and the town of Hatfield Wetland Bylaw.

A Landscape Design For the

FLOODPLAIN

The Antonettis’ property, indicated by the marker, lies on the boundary between the 100 and 500 year floodplain.

Legal Setbacks

• A four-season structure can be freestanding or be attached to an existing structure, as long as it is outside of the setbacks. Proper permitting will be necessary and approval from the planning commission will be needed due to the historical significance of the site.

• Due to the property falling within the 500-year floodplain, the Antonettis should plan for the environmental effects of climate change, including the likelihood of more frequent and more severe storms and floods.

• The Antonetti property lies well beyond the 200-foot Riverfront Protection Area, but it is likely that the Connecticut and Mill Rivers will see increased mean annual high-water lines.

Prepared By: jillian Ferguson April 20, 2015

Design Implications

The Connecticut and MIll River’s 200 foot protection zones are indicated by the blue highlights.

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332 S. Deerfield Road | PO Box 179 | Conway, MA 01341 413-369-4044 www.csld.edu

Zones of Use & Circulation The back door is the primary entrance to the house.

Garage

House

Patches of white indicate zones of minimal use.

The heavy dotted line indicates heavy foot traffic by all members of the Antonetti family. This heavy foot traffic circulates primarily around the garage, driveway, and towards the rear end of the home.

The lightly dotted line indicates light foot traffic routes.

While all members of the family cut through the backyard to use the access road for a leisurely walk to the Connecticut River, only Martin uses the bench in the orchard regularly.

Visiting the compost in the northeast corner of the property is a semi-weekly chore.

Bench

A

B

Access to Connectiticut River

Access Road

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40ft.

A

B

Design Implications • Due to the historical significance of this property, the Antonettis are less inclined to draw attention to the public front yard of the home. However, the backyard area is an area which the Antonettis would like to use for privacy and relaxation.

• Approximately 50 percent of the backyard is currently used.

The family would like to use other areas more.

The area between the garage and the primary entrance to the home is used daily.

The sunny space between the south neighbors and the southfacing side of the home is used infrequently.

Not for construction. Part of a student project and not based on a legal survey

Hatfield, MA 01038

Barn

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Occasional travel indicated in these areas includes the Antonettis’ occasional walk to the Connecticut River via an access road to the southeast of their backyard. Another destination is the compost at the northeast corner of their backyard.

Antonetti residence

Compost

Prepared By: jillian Ferguson April 20, 2015

Mailbox

A Landscape Design For the

The area shown in darker orange indicates a zone of routine use. The family travels to and from the garage and mailbox daily.

Zones of Use & Circulation

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A

B

332 S. Deerfield Road | PO Box 179 | Conway, MA 01341 413-369-4044 www.csld.edu

views

C

• Views from the eastern end of the property are what the Antonettis like most about their property. The landscape consists of agricultural land, a dike, and a tree line that indicates the Connecticut River’s close proximity.

• This protected riverfront area is a favorite destination and view for the Antonetti family.

• Views of the existing orchard are appealing when standing west of the property’s barn.

• Noise from the street can only be reduced with extensive walls or other structures that would not only be in keeping with the home’s historical character. Visual privacy, however, may be increased with strategically placed screens, of vegetation or some other material.

• Creating privacy with vegetated privacy screens must not inhibit appealing views to the east.

E

A C

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40ft.

D

E

F

Views

Design Implications

D

Hatfield, MA 01038

B

Desirable Views

An unappealing hedge blocks undesirable views of the southern neighbor’s parking area.

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Views of the northern neighbors’ parking area is an eyesore.

Antonetti residence

Sixteen-wheeler trucks use Main Street with frequency.

Inviting views of agricultural fields east of the property.

A small orchard lies between the barn and eastern agricultural fields.

Views of the southern neighbor’s barn adds to the rural aesthetic valued by the Antonettis.

Not for construction. Part of a student project and not based on a legal survey

Prepared By: jillian Ferguson April 20, 2015

• Views from the front door across Main Street are of heavy traffic, including average car traffic and heavy trucks, primarily sixteen-wheeler trucks, using Main Street as a thoroughfare to surrounding farmland and processing plants. These large trucks start passing through Main Street in the early morning and continue through the evening.

• Views of adjacent properties to the north and the south are of many parked cars in the neighbors’ driveways.

• An unappealing privacy hedge blocks views of the neighbors to the south.

A Landscape Design For the

Unfavorable Views

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December 21

July 21

Winter Solstice

Summer Solstice Heavy shadows are cast from the surrounding maples, but the south-facing side of the house in particular is free from shade. Sun exposure is greater around the barn and the east end of the garage.

March 20 & September 22 Fall and Spring Equinox The spring and fall equinox cast greater shade throughout the landscape. However, the area with the most solar gain is on the south-facing side of the home.

Design Implications

Hatfield, MA 01038

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Antonetti residence

Prepared By: jillian Ferguson April 20, 2015

PM

PM

PM

A Landscape Design For the

Noon

Noon

Noon

The property’s primary vegetation consists of deciduous trees such as the mature sugar maples in the front and a large sugar maple in the backyard. While the bare branches of deciduous trees do cast some shade in the winter, the shade is not deep. Structures on the property cast long, heavy shade across much of the property in the winter.

AM

Sun/Shade

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332 S. Deerfield Road | PO Box 179 | Conway, MA 01341 413-369-4044 www.csld.edu

Sun/Shade

• Siting the attached or unattached four-season structure should be done on the south-facing side of the home or the barn area for ideal solar gain.

• Future vegetated privacy screens on the north and south sides of the property should be deciduous so sunlight can filter through during winter months.

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ZONING SETBACKS: The Hatfield zoning code does not allow structures to be built within these setbacks. Since the home is of historical significance, significant changes to the landscape will need approval from the planning board and will need to comply with the state’s historical building codes.

Garage

Barn House

UNDESIRABLE VIEWS: Neighboring properties and their parking areas as well as sixteen-wheeler traffic on Main Street are visible from the north, south, and west sides of the property.

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COMPACTED SOILS: Areas with heavily compacted soils further inhibit water infiltration.

A Landscape Design For the

SUNSHINE: The zones with the most sunshine are on the south-facing side of the home and east of the barn area. These would be ideal areas for siting a four-season structure. However, the southern portion of the home lacks privacy from neighbors to the south and noise is noisy due to heavy traffic on Main Street to the west.

Hatfield, MA 01038

Neighbor

Antonetti residence

POOR DRAINAGE: Poorly drained areas on the north side of the home and around the garage are a result of compacted soils and very flat topography. The patio is in this poorly drained area. These wet conditions create an unfavorable environment for outdoor gathering in this area of the property.

332 S. Deerfield Road | PO Box 179 | Conway, MA 01341 413-369-4044 www.csld.edu

Summary Analysis

Design Implications

Neighbor

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• Although the south side of the home has day-long sunlight, views are unappealing from this area. Solar gain is high on the east, south, and west facing sides of the barn.

• Siting a four-season attached structure on the south side of the home would have to be outside of the 15-foot setbacks of the zoning-by-laws.

• Primary circulation from the house to the garage, driveway, and mailbox is hindered due to water pooling.

Prepared By: jillian Ferguson April 20, 2015

PRIMARY CIRCULATION: Primary circulation for the family is from the house to the garage, driveway, and mailbox.

Summary Analysis

DESIRABLE VIEWS: Views toward the east, farmland and the Connecticut River must be maintained and open.

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332 S. Deerfield Road | PO Box 179 | Conway, MA 01341 413-369-4044 www.csld.edu

Design Alternatives Three alternative designs were explored, proposing different layouts and solutions to achieve the project goals.

Ground cover Garage

Woodland Garden

Garage

Ground cover

Meadow

Dry River Bed

Dry River Bed Rain Garden

Retaining Wall

Rain Garden

Retaining Wall Barn

Passive Solar

PROS: The passive solar structure provides a sunny area for gathering year-round as well as providing utility space, and guest quarters for visitors.

CONS: Converting the existing barn would be a costly alternative to creating a four-season space.

Alternative #3 - Let The Sunshine In

Garage Dry River Bed

Walkable Swale Rain Garden

Reflecting Pool

Meadow

Barn

House Patio Four-Season Room Ground cover

Alternative #2 - Ephemeral Tide

The stately maple between the home and existing barn is removed, allowing more sunlight on the property. A living fence woven from planted whips of willow provide a living wall, shielding views of neighbors to the south. Curvilinear stone terraces extend from the home on the north and east side, and a serpentine retaining wall echoes these forms. The retaining wall is covered with vegetation, aiding in water infiltration. Drifts of meadow begin on the north and east-facing sides of the barn. A screened in addition is attached to the existing barn, providing a sunny room throughout the year.

A stone patio is accessed on the east side of the barn. A compass garden at the southeast corner of the property offers an additional and private gathering space.

PROS : More sunlight enters the property due to the sugar maple removal.

CONS: Maintenance of the meadow grasses organized in drifts may be labor intensive.

Many linear pathways lead up to the existing barn with a rectilinear stone patio and three-foot sitting walls, south of the barn. An arbored area on the east side of the barn provides shade and solitude, with views of the orchard and farmland. A reflecting pool between the garage and home takes advantage of the water that collects in this area. A walkable swale sends excess water to this pool filled with large, local stones. When the pool is dry, the stones create sculptural interest.

A four-season room is attached to the south side of the home, taking advantage of this sunny zone. Meadow on the east end of the property and patches of groundcover replace the lawn.

PROS: Less lawn care and maintenance is necessary.

Hatfield, MA 01038

Living Fence

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Compass Garden

Meadow

Alternative #1 - Curve Appeal A rain garden and dry river bed meander through the existing cluster of birches. Pieces of stone are removed, and shade-tolerant and evergreen species are planted throughout the existing patio to help infiltrate water, while creating visual interest. Woodland gardens are planted underneath the existing sugar maple between the house and barn, as well as underneath the existing Norway maple east of the garage. A natural pathway of standard lawn or path rush leads to the converted passive solar barn and guest house. Surrounding this passive solar structure is a patio area with arbors to protect from afternoon sun.

Behind the passive solar structure is meadow to the southeast and groundcover to the northeast. A serpentine stone retaining wall slows down and redirects water to a dry river bed on the north side of the barn.

Screened In Add-on

Antonetti residence

Woodland Garden

Patio Patio

Prepared By: jillian Ferguson April 20, 2015

House

Design Alternatives

House

A Landscape Design For the

Structure

North

CONS: The stone sitting wall surrounding the patio area may impede views of farmland and the Connecticut River from the house.

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332 S. Deerfield Road | PO Box 179 | Conway, MA 01341 413-369-4044 www.csld.edu

Final Design A

Infiltration Trenches

Deep infiltration trenches on the north and south sides of the driveway catch runoff from the relocated gravel driveway. The infiltration trenches filled with gravel and large river stones are an attractive solution for stormwater management.

B

G

J

The living fence made of whips of American willow, inspired by the colonial aesthetic of the property, increases privacy on the south side of the property. Openings at the southwest and southeast allow for access to Main Street and the access road on the southside of the property for walks to the Connecticut River.

C

D

K

D

The woodland garden under the stately sugar maple creates an area of increased biodiversity. The woodland garden merges with the neighboring meadow, creating an ecotone, an area where two plant communities meet.

E

A rectangular dry well east of the garage absorbs excess water and snow melt from the snow bank that lies between the garage and the northern neighborsâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; property during the winter months. When this infiltration basin saturates, excess water travels down a vegetated swale and into a depression created at the center of the existing orchard.

Vegetated Swale

F

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Glass Conservatory H

A glass conservatory replaces the barn over the existing foundation. The glass Meadow K conservatory is insulated and can be used year-round. The architecture of the The meadow replaces some lawn and increases biodiversity, creating habitat and forage for local and migrating bird species. conservatory echoes the federal style of the home.

Beneficial pollinators are attracted to this landscape while Arbor I also increasing pollination for the orchard, and the new berry An arbor attached to the east side of the conservatory creates a shaded G understory.

Orchard Understory outdoor space for gathering.

The arbor is vegetated with grape vines, taking A depression in the orchard traps overflow from the Privacy Screen L rectangular dry well and vegetated swale. Water-loving berry advantage of beneficial insects attracted to this newly biodiverse area.

Groupings of deciduous small trees and shrubs offer increased shrubs such as highbush blueberry, mountain cranberry, Stone Patio and Sitting Wall J privacy, while creating a varied palette. These groupings will and raspberries, take advantage of water overflow, The stone patio, and three-foot stone sitting wall, off the south side of the consist of small trees and shrubs such as flowering dogwood, while providing more edibles through the orchard for the glass conservatory provides a sunny gathering space. The stately sugar maple witch hazel, and serviceberry.

Antonettis to enjoy. in the backyard offers adequate summer afternoon shade.

The vegetated swale creates a curvilinear channel, infiltrating and channeling water though the northeast side of the property. The vegetated swale provides a habitat for various meadow plants and water-loving species.

Not for construction. Part of a student project and not based on a legal survey

Final Design

Dry Well

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I

H

C

Woodland Garden

F

E

Hatfield, MA 01038

L

B

Antonetti residence

Living Fence

A

Prepared By: jillian Ferguson April 20, 2015

The new driveway provides adequate room for the infiltration trenches to be installed north of the birch cluster without disturbing their root structures. Moving the driveway also gives the infiltration trenches adequate space, avoiding the large sugar maples, owned by the town, on the west side of the property. The new driveway is mounded with areas of increased graveled areas toward the center of the driveway to allow for proper drainage towards the infiltration trenches. During heavy rainstorms, small swales attached to the west ends of both infiltration trenches carry excess water to Main Street and on to the neighborsâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; storm drain to the north. Ideally, increased runoff will only occur during times of heavy rainfall.

A Landscape Design For the

New Driveway

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332 S. Deerfield Road | PO Box 179 | Conway, MA 01341 413-369-4044 www.csld.edu

Design Details & Grading A B

The vegetated swale will allow excess water from the dry well east of the garage to move to the infiltration basin in the orchard.

B

Grading will be required in order to install the dry well and vegetated swale. The grading will allow for a 2% slope, to move water from the dry-well, through the vegetated swale and into the infiltration basin in the orchard. The red â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;Xâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; illustrates where a pear tree will need to be removed.

C

The relocated driveway and dry wells on either side, will allow for a slight slope on the driveway so that water can move to the dry well. The vegetated areas adjacent to the two dry wells slope as well, allowing excess water to shed into the dry wells.

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Hatfield, MA 01038

C

Antonetti residence

C

Prepared By: jillian Ferguson April 20, 2015

A

A Landscape Design For the

A

Design Details & Grading

B

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332 S. Deerfield Road | PO Box 179 | Conway, MA 01341 413-369-4044 www.csld.edu

Materials & Precedents

A vegetated arbor provides shade and privacy while offering fruit such as grapes.

A woodland garden takes advantage of the dappled shade and to creates more biodiversity on site.

A vegetated swale infiltrates water and provides biodiversity and visual interest.

Prepared By: jillian Ferguson April 20, 2015

A glass conservatory is sited over the existing barn foundation.

Materials & Precedents

A planted meadow provides habitat for birds and pollinators, while limiting the expansive lawn.

Hatfield, MA 01038

Infiltration trenches capture and infiltrate water.

22 main street

A living willow fence provides a privacy screen.

Antonetti residence

A three foot-stone wall defines the space, maintains views and offers casual seating.

A Landscape Design For the

These photos illustrate design elements similar to those in the final design.

These elements provide ecological solutions while providing an inviting space for all.

North Not for construction. Part of a student project and not based on a legal survey

14/17

332 S. Deerfield Road | PO Box 179 | Conway, MA 01341 413-369-4044 www.csld.edu

Plant Palette I The Birch Garden

Moisture Tolerance

Sun Tolerance

Form

Aquilegia canadensis

Columbine

sun to shade

herbaceous

Asarum canadense

Wild Ginger

tolerant of dry and wet conditions moist soils

Cornus sericea Polygonatum commutatum

Red Osier Dogwood prefers moist soil Solomonâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Seal tolerates moist and dry conditons

A Landscape Design For the

shade to part herbaceous shade sun to part shade shrub shade to part herbaceous shade

Hatfield, MA 01038

Common Name

22 main street

Scientific Name

Antonetti residence

These plant species accentuate the beauty of the existing birches, take advantage of the damp conditions in the area, and thrive in the dappled shade of the birches.

Scientific Name

Common Name

Moisture Tolerance

Sun Tolerance

Nyssa sylvatica

Tupelo

sun to part shade tree

Myrica pensylvanica

Bayberry

Hypericum calycinum

St. Johnâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Wort

tolerant of moist and dry conditions tolerant of moist and dry conditions tolerant of moist and dry conditions

Plant Palette I

This garden captures and infiltration water while also providing visual interest for the area between the garage and the primary entrance of the home. The plants selected for this rain garden can withstand brief periods of standing water, yet are able to tolerate long periods of dryness.

Form

sun to part shade shrub sun to part shade ground cover

Prepared By: jillian Ferguson April 20, 2015

The Rain Garden

North Not for construction. Part of a student project and not based on a legal survey

15/17

332 S. Deerfield Road | PO Box 179 | Conway, MA 01341 413-369-4044 www.csld.edu

Plant Palette II Privacy Screens These plants block undesirable views of neighbors to the north and south. They are deciduous varieties, allowing sunlight to filter into the property during the winter months.

Betula alleghaniensis Cornus florida Hamamelis virginiana Rhus typhina Ilex verticillata Salix alba sericea

tolerant of moist and dry conditions Yellow Birch prefers moist, cool soil Flowering Dogwoodtolerant of dry and wet conditions Witchhazel moderately moist Tiger-Eye Sumac well drained soil Winterberry Holly wet and acidic soils North American tolerates moist and dry Willow conditons

Form

sun to part shade small tree sun to part shade tree sun to part shade small tree part sun to shade sun to part shade sun to part shade sun to part shade

small tree small tree shrub shrub

Woodland Garden

Hatfield, MA 01038

Serviceberry

Sun Tolerance

22 main street

Amelanchier canadensis

Moisture Tolerance

Antonetti residence

Common Name

A Landscape Design For the

Scientific Name

Common Name Club Moss

Moisture Tolerance moist soil

Mitchella repens

Partridgeberry

moist soil

Dicentra cucullaria

Dutchmanâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Breeches Swamp Azalea Mountain Laurel

moist soil

Sun Tolerance part shade to shade partial to full shade part sun to shade

moist acidic soils moist acidic soils

part sun to shade shrub light shade shrub

Rhododendron viscosum Kalmia latifolia

Form herbaceous

Plant Palette II

Scientific Name Lycopodium sp.

herbaceous herbaceous

Prepared By: jillian Ferguson April 20, 2015

The woodland garden takes advantage of the space under the large existing sugar maple in the backyard. The woodland garden species are shade-tolerant.

North Not for construction. Part of a student project and not based on a legal survey

16/17

332 S. Deerfield Road | PO Box 179 | Conway, MA 01341 413-369-4044 www.csld.edu

Plant Palette III

Orchard Understory The vegetated swale leads to a water-loving, berry-producing understory that collects and infiltrates excess water.

Vaccinium corymbosum

Highbush Blueberry tolerates moist and dry conditons Mountain Cranberry moist acidic soils Raspberry tolerant of moist and dry conditions

Vaccinium vitus-idaea Rubus spp.

Moisture Tolerance

Sun Tolerance

Hatfield, MA 01038

Form

sun to part shade small shrub sun to part shade small shrub sun to part sun small shrub

Fern Groundcover

The area north of the vegetated swale is planted with a fern that provides seasonal interest while dividing the Antonettisâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; property from the northern neighbors.

Scientific Name

Common Name

Moisture Tolerance

Sun Tolerance

Form

Dennstaedtia punctilobula

Hay-scented Fern

tolerates moist and dry conditons

part sun to shade herbaceous

Prepared By: jillian Ferguson April 20, 2015

Common Name

Plant Palette III

Scientific Name

22 main street

A Landscape Design For the

The meadow plants provide a low-lying, visual interest and encourage nesting and habitat for grassland and migrating birds. These species also provide year-round interest.

Scientific Name Common Name Moisture Tolerance Sun Tolerance Form Asclepias tuberosa Orange dry full sun herbaceous Butterflyweed Chamerion angustifolium Fireweed dry well drained sun to part sun herbaceous Eragrostis spectabilis Purple Love Grass dry sun herbaceous Eutrochium perfoliatum Joe-Pye Weed wet sun to part sun herbaceous Lupinus spp.

Lupin dry conditions full sun herbaceous Rudbekia hirta Black-eyed Susan tolerates moist and dry sun herbaceous conditons Schizachyrium scoparium Little Bluestem tolerates moist and dry sun to part sun herbaceous conditons Symphyotrichum spp.

Aster dry sun to part shade herbaceous

Antonetti residence

Meadow Planting

North Not for construction. Part of a student project and not based on a legal survey

17/17