Jackson Hole Woman 2018

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WOMAN Special Section • October 17, 2018

Survivors Speak

Sexual assault survivors share why they spoke when they did. Pages 4-15

2 • Jackson Hole Woman | JACKSON HOLE NEWS&GUIDE | Wednesday, October 17, 2018

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Jackson Hole Woman | JACKSON HOLE NEWS&GUIDE | Wednesday, October 17, 2018 • 3

Everyone is invited to the #MeToo discussion #MeToo has sparked a big discussion in our country, in our community, in our newsroom. Conversations are happening at dinner tables, among friends, on social media.

But while the movement holds political stigma, the heart of the movement is nonpartisan. Sexual assault is an issue in our country and our community — and it’s not a women’s issue. It’s a community one. It’s a cultural one.

A team of reporters and I started talking about localizing the #MeToo story nearly a year ago, debating how to look at the ways sexual assault has affected those who live and work here. As we

started kicking around ideas, we all came back to the question: Why now? Why do women wait to make these accusations?

The question was often asked more as an accusation — “There must be some maneuvering going on here” — but we wanted to explore it in earnest.

Why do women wait?

As we started reporting the story I spoke with Starr Sonne at the Community Safety Network. I asked her about connecting with survivors of sexual assault. Her response? “Ask your friends.”

If #MeToo has highlighted anything it’s the commonality of sexual assault.

The cover of this section shows

the faces of three of the women, all of whom took different paths to the moment when they spoke out about their assault. One waited 35 years to speak.

One waited nearly 40 to say anything publicly. The other talked about her trauma immediately.

And then there’s an empty chair.

That seat is for women — a lot of women — who are part of this conversation but have not or cannot come forward.

Very few women report their assault to police. Many don’t even tell their friends.

We talked to survivors of sexual assault from various backgrounds, local and statewide experts. There is science

behind how the human brain processes trauma, which may offer some explanation of why victims don’t speak sooner.

There’s also a human side that can’t be underscored enough — when something traumatic happens, it’s hard to process.

Please take the time to read and digest this project. Tell us your stories, give us your feedback. And maybe, more importantly, share your ideas for how we can change this culture and make our community safer.

Melissa

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4 • Jackson Hole Woman | JACKSON HOLE NEWS&GUIDE | Wednesday, October 17, 2018

Sexual assault survivors share why they spoke when they did.

Survivors Speak

Project by Melissa Cassutt, Allie Gross, Emily Mieure and Kylie Mohr Photography by Bradly J. Boner

Why didn’t she speak sooner?

T

his question has been repeated over and over in the past year as allegations of sexual violence, some decades old, rise to the surface in the wake of the #MeToo movement.

It’s a question that often rings as more of an accusation, the implication being the account is dishonest or the timing malicious. There’s often an implication that the experience — with the caveat of “should it be true” — is no longer relevant, that there’s an expiration date on reportable trauma.

As women have come forward with their stories, they’ve been questioned, discounted and berated.

They’ve been blamed, accused of lying, told to shut up. If time has passed between the assault and the account, as has often been the case, they’ve been asked, “Why now?”

#MeToo spotlights the scope The #MeToo movement took off a year ago, shortly after a New York Times report detailed a dozen accusations of sexual harassment and assault against film producer Harvey Weinstein. As reports continued to roll out, actress Alyssa Milano encouraged women to tag their stories of sexual assault and harassment with #MeToo. Thousands posted on social media, from celebrities on the coasts to our neighbors in Jackson Hole.

It was a momentous move for many women because the vast majority of victims of sexual violence don’t report — not just to police, to anyone.

Only 310 out of 1,000 rapes will be reported to police, according to the Rape, Abuse and Incest Na-

tional Network. RAINN also estimates 1 of every 6 women has been the victim of attempted or completed rape in the U.S. As the stories piled up, so did the perpetrators (some alleged, some proven): Bill Cosby. Al Franken.

Matt Lauer. Charlie Rose. Kevin Spacey. Roy Moore.

But it wasn’t just high-profile men being called to the carpet. If anything, the movement highlighted how common experiences of sexual assault are to women all of ages and races in America. And the ripple effect didn’t miss Jackson.

Sharing their stories

Highlighting female victims While this story highlights female survivors it is not intended to suggest men don’t suffer sexual violence.

We chose to highlight women in this story, recognizing women are assaulted at higher rates than men. One in 6 women will be raped in her lifetime. One in 71 men will suffer the same fate, according to the National Violence Resource Center.

Consider this the start of a conversation, not the end. —Ed.

“

This series explores that question though the eyes of six women, all with a shared experience, but all who processed their trauma differently.

Tatiana Maxwell came forward 35 years later, feeling a enough of a shift had occured in the culture that perpetrators would be held accountable.

Keeley Herron shared her story on the Center for the Arts stage in a TEDx Jackson Hole talk, detailing the impact of a trauma that reached back nearly 40 years.

Other women, like Brenna Cannon, Meg Daly and Tara Baker, didn’t speak until recently, thinking it wouldn’t do any good, that they wouldn’t be believed. The public discourse surrounding #MeToo, they said, provided a platform for the discussion, which is far from over.

Also in the discussion is Cate Watsabaugh, who was attacked by two strangers on Town Square in 2005. She spoke out immediately after the assault, reporting to police and speaking to the press. She also details how every piece had to fit for her to feel comfortable doing so and how another victim in the same circumstances that night didn’t have the same support.

These women, admittedly, do not have all the answers. While there are common threads, each chose her own path.

“Each individual knows best how to protect themselves after trauma,” said Jordan Rich, Latinx

“Each individual knows best how to protect themselves after trauma.”

— Jordan Rich

LATINX SERVICES ADVOCATE FOR THE COMMUNITY SAFETY NETWORK

services advocate for the Community Safety Network.

Some fear they will not be believed. Some fear retaliation. Others fear the offender will not be held accountable. Shame often plays a role, she said.

“The #MeToo movement has truly shifted that discourse,” she said.

Still, we seek to explore: Why didn’t she speak sooner?

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Jackson Hole Woman | JACKSON HOLE NEWS&GUIDE | Wednesday, October 17, 2018 • 5

“I

Because women aren’t believed.

And certainly weren’t back then.

’m livid. I don’t want it to be my daughters, and I don’t want it to be their daughters.”

Still searching for the right language

Tatiana Maxwell, 54, came forward about her assault 35 years after.

When she did, it still seemed unbelievable. She never imagined a co-worker would sexually assault her — at work, no less — or that she’d be telling Wyoming, and the world, about it decades later.

In December the account hit Facebook, first as a private post. In it Maxwell detailed how, in 1982, Ed Murray tried to kiss her, then wrestled her down to the floor, lifted her shirt and ejaculated on her stomach. At the time of the account the two were co-workers at a law firm. At the time of reporting Murray was Wyoming secretary of state and considering a gubernatorial run.

Maxwell’s four children — one son and three daughters — encouraged her to post it. Friends encouraged her to make the post public.

The story hit the pages of the Jackson Hole News&Guide and the Casper Star Tribune on Dec. 14.

“While I am deeply disturbed by this false allegation, I choose to allow this to serve as a reminder of how important it is to be an advocate for the courageous women and men who have spoken out against a very serious problem in our country,” Murray said in a statement.

“Sexual harassment is real and has no place in our society.”

Shortly after, a second woman, Theresa Sullivan Twiford, came forward with an additional allegation against Murray in which she said he forcibly kissed her when she was baby-sitting for Murray and his wife on New Year’s Eve. “There’s no question that has given my experience significantly more credibility,” Maxwell said.

Murray also denied Sullivan Twiford’s accusations but resigned as secretary of state effective Feb. 9.

Different time Maxwell came of age during the furor over Anita Hill’s sexual harassment allegations against Clarence Thomas when he was a nominee to the Supreme Court.

In 1991 Hill testified on national TV in front of an all-male Senate Judiciary Committee.

The optics of white men firing embarrassing questions and requesting graphic details of the account from an AfricanAmerican woman sparked outrage.

“I was young, and that was the environment,” Maxwell said. “It was not supportive, and it was pretty scary. I think anyone who thinks you could have easily come out and told these stories is being disingenuous about what the environment was at the time.”

Maxwell never reported the assault to law enforcement. The understanding of sexual assault at that time, Maxwell said, was rape — or forced penetration — and it resulted in physical injury.

There was no nuance.

She didn’t know how to categorize what happened to her.

“I didn’t know it was assault,” Maxwell said. “I just thought I would have had to be physically harmed for that.”

Survivors often fear the process of reporting, worrying their behavior, motives and account will be questioned, said University of Wyoming psychology professor Matt Gray, who studies sexual violence prevention and traumatic stress.

“If you’re a sexual assault survivor and you’re thinking about bringing this to the attention of law enforcement, you know people are going to be questioning your behavior, your decision-making, some deeply embarrassing and painful personal things,” Gray said. “You also know that we do a really, really bad job of actually providing justice to survivors.

As some of the women highlighted in this series have, we admittedly struggled with language.

The Community Safety Network typically refers to those who have experienced sexual violence as “survivors,” while Teton County Victim Services has “victim” in the name.

Where possible, we’ve tried to use the term preferred by the woman speaking, however, it was noted that some dislike both terms. We consider this part of the ongoing discussion about this topic. —Ed.

BRADLY J. BONER / NEWS&GUIDE

Tat Maxwell

So you could make the case that the reasonable and the adaptive emotional decision is to not make that report.

“Survivors have a realistic awareness of the abysmal job that we as a society do holding perpetrators accountable.”

Who believes survivors

girlfriends and our wives.’ That was a little bit unexpected.

“The people who had less-than-supportive things, I heard those through the grapevine.”

Timing questioned

There are a lot of variables that predict who will believe a sexual assault claim, said Narina Nunez, also a professor of psychology at the University of Wyoming.

“Women are more likely to believe than men — that’s pretty standard,” she said. “Benevolent and hostile sexism will often play into it. And when you’re talking about rape survivors, there are some rape myths — the more people endorse those myths, the less likely they

Comments on the News&Guide’s story, for example, exemplify some of the “less-than-supportive things,” and some common questions women face when accounting an assault years later.

“But why now?” one commenter wrote. “I find it very interesting that nothing was said when Ed ran for secretary of state. It would seem as though that would have been the time to bring it up.”

Another commenter started by saying that “women should not be harassed

are to believe the victim.”

Coming forward was “nerve-racking,” Maxwell said, but most feedback she received directly was positive.

“I would say that I felt overwhelmingly supported and believed,” she said.

“From men and women. I was surprised at how many men reached out to say, ‘Good for you’ and that ‘It’s really important you say these things; thanks for doing this for our daughters and our

or assaulted under any circumstances,” but also offered suggestions on acceptable reporting timetables.

“Women should immediately report these incidents right after they happen,” he said. “Men should have the presumption of innocence until proven guilty, and should suffer the consequences of their actions if found culpable. Thirty-five years is a long time ago, and it’s difficult to sort out serious

“

charges like this and fairly protect the rights of the accused.”

There were similar reactions when Dr. Christine Blasey Ford, Deborah Ramirez and Julie Swetnick accused Supreme Court Justice Brett Kavanaugh of sexual assault.

One commenter suggested the only way to avoid accusations appearing as political maneuvering — in this case, Maxwell is a vocal Democrat and Murray was a seated Republican — is to “is to file a complaint or press charges immediately after it occurs.”

Such commentary is partly to blame for why victims don’t report sooner — or at all, Gray said.

“Nobody is getting rich and famous in a good way,” Gray said. “People are getting death threats and being questioned and judged and condemned in the court of public opinion.”

There’s often strength in numbers.

But Maxwell said that despite a second woman alleging a similar incident she’s aware of others who never will.

Gary said that’s common.

“It’s definitely a pervasive context where you are going to be reminded of your own experience, and it’s going to be very distressing and very activating,” Gray said. “As much as I applaud and am encouraged by the survivors who are doing something really, really difficult in speaking out, we do have to acknowledge that not everyone can or should do that and not everyone should be expected to do that.

“It has to be on your terms.”

Seeking change Almost a year later Maxwell doesn’t feel like her story had the impact she wanted.

“It made it, maybe, a little bit better,” she said. “But it was all under the table.”

She was disappointed with the reaction — or lack thereof — within the political community. Former U.S. Rep. Cynthia Lummis, a Republican, was the only public official to reach out.

“I didn’t come out because I wanted to,” Maxwell said. “I wanted to tell this story because I wanted to be an example to my kids. I wanted him to quit victimizing women. But more than any of that I wanted to change how it worked. And I don’t think it’s changed.

“People think I got what I wanted,” she said. “I really wanted to contribute to a systematic approach to changing the way this happens. If the institutions are still protecting themselves instead of the people, the women, then it’s not working.”

As her youngest daughter, Marrakech, heads to college this fall Maxwell is looking to the next generation. Friends of her daughter are being pressured to have sex on college campuses — another sign, to her, the culture hasn’t changed much.

“I’m livid,” she said. “I don’t want it to be my daughters and I don’t want it to be their daughters.”

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his was 1990, and we didn’t talk about consent’ It wasn’t until recently that Keely Herron accepted that what happened was rape.

She’s 44 now. It happened when she was 16.

“I’ve been going to doctors since 1987,” she said. “It’s only in the past three to five years that I feel like I’ve been making progress.”

Like many women, she stayed silent after it happened. She blamed herself and tried to forget it.

“I was 16, and I was drunk and ashamed,” she said. “It was clear it wasn’t consensual — I said no. But this was 1990, and we didn’t talk about consent.”

Survivors commonly face shame and embarrassment, Gray said. Teens especially often fear that because one law was being broken — drinking underage — other crimes don’t count, Gray said.

“A lot of victims are reluctant to come forward because they might’ve been engaged in much more trivial illegal behavior,” he said. “We see this on college campuses all the time. Most well-trained law enforcement agencies will not pursue low-level offenses at the expense of trying to pursue a felony. But you don’t know that when you’re 18 or 19.”

Cycles of trauma The rape wasn’t the first violation Herron faced. In some ways she felt she was primed for such vulnerability, having first been abused when most children her age were taking swimming lessons or learning

to ride a bike. She was 5 years old at the time, and there was no escaping her teenage predators. They lived right next door.

They exposed her to porn, which escalated into touching.

“I knew I was uncomfortable with it,” Herron said. “But they threatened me and said if I ever told they would do all these things and that my mother would think I was a bad girl.”

The experience, though nearly 40 years ago, shaped her. Changed her. In ways she’s still discovering.

She compares her life to a bamboo shoot. The plant spirals because something gets in its way, something is there to shape the shoot.

Trauma, she said, is the same. It shapes a person.

“From the day I was this big,” she said, gesturing to the size of a kindergartner, “I was different.”

Talking is no easy task At 5, Herron was too young to understand what was happening or what to do. But as she matured she started understanding social contexts around the topic as well. Her family did not talk about those kinds of things.

She didn’t tell her parents until she was 15.

“I was having a lot of problems, so I told my dad, and he couldn’t deal,” Herron said. “His response was telling me to get out.

“Then he asked me what I wanted for dinner.”

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8 • Jackson Hole Woman | JACKSON HOLE NEWS&GUIDE | Wednesday, October 17, 2018

HERRON

Continued from 6

Herron first spoke publicly about the sexual abuse during a 2017 TEDx Jackson Hole talk in which she focused on the stigma of trauma.

“When I tell people my dad killed himself people tend to get uncomfortable,” she told the audience. “Imagine how they look when I tell them I was raped when I was 16 or that I was first sexually abused when I was 5.”

Her mom still hasn’t watched the talk.

Even if a family is supportive the subject is hard to breach. Maxwell never told her mother, who she described as a “kick-ass activist who never shied away from saying the things that needed to be said.” She found out when the post went public and Maxwell’s siblings shared it with her.

“I know that a history of having strong women in my family who have been activists and who stood up on a number of levels ... was definitely helpful,” Maxwell said. “But I didn’t even tell my mother. She’s a super feminist, really strong, spoken out on behalf of every marginalized group that she knows about. But she’s 94 years old, and this kind of talk is not comfortable to her.”

Maybe these things aren’t intended to be comfortable. Cate Watsabaugh suggested as much in her victim impact statement, which she read to the court in front of her two offenders. She debated toning down the language, the imagery. But she decided “it would not be fair to myself or any other rape victim to share the censored version. I do not want anyone to feel comfortable reading or listening to this.”

Watsabaugh, like Maxwell, has a family that can talk about these things, whose “standard operating procedure” is to “discuss things, to air them out and tear them apart.”

Herron’s family wasn’t like that — admittedly, still isn’t like that.

“Our collective inability to deal with uncomfortable topics starts at home,” Herron said.

This is the first time Herron has recounted her experiences in detail.

She never reported the molestation or rape to police. She speaks now to help others, and in turn, help herself.

“I’m speaking publicly because there were so many times I didn’t know if I was going to make it,” she said. “If I can help even one person this is worth it.”

Because women blame themselves.

Or think others will.

Sexual assault in small towns wall and started aggressively kissing her. He was bigger and stronger.

“It was really scary,” she said. “It took a bit of force and time for me to get him off me.”

She spent the next day huddled up in her room.

“I was so uncomfortable, and I was so scared,” she said. “I just felt so helpless.”

She wasn’t drinking, and she was in her own home, in her own kitchen. At that time she felt comfortable telling her friends. Cannon moved onto a friend’s couch and slowly moved out her stuff.

She feels lucky that she was able to find an open room and break her lease. In Jackson Hole the shortage of affordable housing can create an additional barrier for survivors of sexual assault, if they fear losing their housing because they share a residence with their offender.

“I

figured it was my fault because I had put myself in this situation.”

“I blamed myself for being in the situation.”

“Women are made to feel as though they are responsible for men’s behavior.”

It took Brenna Cannon a while to put a name to it. Rape.

It took her much longer to accept it wasn’t her fault.

It started as a night out with a group of friends, a bunch of students celebrating being seniors. She ran

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Small towns offer unique challenges, said Jordan Rich, client advocate with Community Safety Network.

“Not only do survivors of sexual assault potentially have to repeatedly see their offender at the grocery store, skiing or out on the bike path, but they can also face little anonymity in such a small town,” she said.

Or in their own home.

After moving to Jackson, Brenna Cannon experienced a scary moment when she came home from work one day. A group was partying in her backyard, drinking beer. She began cooking in her kitchen, and a roommate who shared the basement with her came up behind her with a “Hey, what’s up.”

When she turned around he put both his arms up around her, pinning her against the

BRADLY J. BONER / NEWS&GUIDE

Brenna Cannon

into an ex-boyfriend who she’d broken up with the month before after a year of dating.

That’s when things became fuzzy.

She doesn’t remember getting separated from her friends or if she blacked out. The next thing she recalls is waking up the next morning with him on top of her.

“I don’t know what happened,” she said. “He had had sex with me. I could just feel that.”

Cannon managed to shove him off, gather her things and go home.

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BLAME

Continued from 8

In shock, she didn’t tell anyone at the time what had happened. He was an ex-boyfriend, and they’d had sex regularly throughout a year of dating.

Who would believe this was different?

“People have an unrealistic and unfair expectation for what trauma memory should look like and how unfailing and accurate it should be,” the University of Wyoming’s Gray said.

The expectation of 100 percent — that a memory should be played out like a film reel — is disproportionately applied to sexual assault survivors.

Gray, who has worked with combat veterans, said many can’t tell him seemingly significant and major parts of their trauma, but “nobody says they’re lying, maybe they’re faking it, maybe they’re making it up.”

Cannon remembers the evening in pieces. For a long time she didn’t feel confident enough to tell anyone because she felt she didn’t have enough nailed down.

“I remember what was happening to me, and then I don’t, and then I remember again,” she said. “It was really scary.”

Silence and shame Even once she could name the experience as rape she had a hard time shifting blame off herself.

“I figured it was my fault because I had put myself in this situation,” she said.

That’s common, too: Victims frequently look back and consider what they could have done differently. That second-guessing may also lead to silence, as it did for Cannon. Going to police was never an option she considered.

“It was too late,” she said. “There was no evidence, and it would’ve again been my word against his, and I didn’t want to cause a big hoopla because we had a bunch of friends in common, and we had dated for a year.

“How’s anybody else going to see that after a whole year of having sex, that this one time I didn’t want to?”

It’s a situation Meg Daly understands well.

“I shouldn’t have seen him,” she said, recounting how she felt after the assault. “I shouldn’t have been drinking with him.”

Daly went out to dinner with an ex See SILENCED on 10

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10 • Jackson Hole Woman | JACKSON HOLE NEWS&GUIDE | Wednesday, October 17, 2018

SILENCED

Unseen victims

Continued from 9

— someone she’d trusted, been intimate with, someone she considered a friend. After just one drink with her meal, the room was spinning and she was stumbling. She couldn’t see straight. Somehow, inconceivably, too drunk to drive, she accepted an offer to be walked to his place.

Once there he tried to take her clothes off and have sex with her. Inebriated, incapacitated, Daly tried to resist.

“This should not be happening,” she thought. “We should not be doing this; I do not want you to be taking my pants off.”

Every moment she was feeling more drunk, more sick.

“I just didn’t know what was happening,” Daly said.

She counts herself lucky that she became violently ill and was able to escape and call for a ride home. Immediately afterward, she felt able to talk about what had happened with people close to her. But when urged to report the incident or take a blood test to screen for drugs, she froze.

“I felt too accountable myself for even being in the situation,” she said.

“I blamed myself for being in the situation. Because it didn’t seem like a stranger rape attack from the outside, a violent thing, I just — it didn’t occur to me.”

Daly thought she would be questioned for hanging out with that person. The lines felt blurred, because she had felt safe — until the moment she didn’t. She was intimidated by the idea of recounting it to a male cop with a gun on his hip. Besides, she said, she didn’t have any proof.

“I was so filled with shame and disgust for myself that I couldn’t do that action in that time,” she said.

“Now, that’s embarrassing. I’m not proud of myself.”

‘Boys will be boys’ Tara Baker spent several years firefighting across the West and finally landing on the Teton Interagency Helitack Crew, where she said a toxic “boys will be boys” culture was pervasive.

“It was up to me to keep the boys in

About a third of Jackson Hole’s residents are Latino, a population with its own set of obstacles to speaking out about sexual assault. At Community Safety Network, Jordan Rich works mainly with Spanishspeaking Latinx, a popular gender neutral way to describe Latinos, clients.

“The most obvious obstacle to reporting a sexual assault for a Latinx survivor is the valid concern of immigration repercussions if they, or their offender, are undocumented,” Rich said. “Many undocumented immigrants deeply fear any kind of interaction with the police or the legal system.”

Many do not report. Many can’t report.

They are faceless faces in our community.

While there are some limited protections to support immigrant survivors of crimes, many Latinx individuals do not know about them, or fear they’ll face retaliation anyway.

“I see single moms struggling to even consider reporting a crime because of the repercussions for their children if they, or their partner, were to be deported,” Rich said.

BRADLY J. BONER / NEWS&GUIDE

Tara Baker

line for their own behavior,” Baker said.

She never felt she could go to her superiors to report misconduct.

It came to a head after Baker had completed training for the Helitack crew. The group was drinking at a bar in town when her new supervisor offered to bring her to a house party.

She agreed. He drove her to his home instead.

“I don’t know what happened that night,” she said. “I woke up next to him in the morning, and we had taken sleeping bags outside. I was still wearing all my clothes in my own sleeping bag, but I wasn’t fully sober.”

He took Baker back inside and made an aggressive advance. She was uncomfortable but didn’t do anything to stop what was happening. She felt paralyzed.

“I remember very clearly thinking that I couldn’t,” she said, “because I had in some way signed myself up for this experience. In my drunken state of thinking we were going to a house party, I had somehow agreed to all this.”

Baker didn’t tell anyone what had happened. She assumed she’d be blamed or slut shamed.

“I was young and attractive, and he wouldn’t have been able to help himself,” she said. “He wouldn’t have been able to resist me. It was out of his control. Which is so absurd — he was the adult and my supervisor.”

She expected her crewmates would lose respect for her.

“I felt like the backlash I would get from that wouldn’t make speaking up worth it,” she said. “I can understand, to an extent, the weight that comes with speaking up and how daunting it is, how intimidating it is, and how it feels like it will change your life and you will be the black sheep outcast.”

Strength in a movement It took a long time for Cannon to

See STRENGTH on 11

Local support for those who need it If you or someone you know has experienced sexual trauma, the following organizations are here to help.

Community Safety Network Provides resources for survivors of sexual assault, domestic violence and stalking.

24-hour helpline: 733-7233 (SAFE) Office: 733-3711 | CSNJH.org

Family Safety Network (Driggs, Idaho) Organization dedicated to eliminating violence, abuse and oppression.

24-hour helpline: 208-354-7233 (SAFE) Office: (208) 354-8057 FamilySafetyNetwork.info

Jackson Hole Community Counseling Center Mental health services for everyone in Teton County, regardless of income or ability to pay.

24-hour helpline: 733-2046 Office: 733-2046 JHCCC.org

Women with Vision

Teton County Victim Services Organization to inform victims of their rights and available services.

An on-call advocate is available 24-hours a day through Teton County Dispatch: 733-2331 Office: 732-8482 JacksonWY.gov/175/victim-services

Jackson Police Department Office: 733-1430 JacksonWY.gov/280/police Teton County Sheriff’s Office Dispatch: 733-2331 TetonSheriff.org In an emergency, call 911.

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Jackson Hole Woman | JACKSON HOLE NEWS&GUIDE | Wednesday, October 17, 2018 • 11

SEXUAL VIOLENCE CRIMES, 2005-2010 3% 6%

20%

28%

17% Survivors’ Reasons for Reporting 21%

30% Survivors’ Reasons for not Reporting

2%

25%

7%

13%

8%

To protect the household or victim from further crimes by the offender, 28% To stop the incident or prevent recurrence or escalation, 25% To improve police surveillance or they believed they had a duty to do so, 21% To catch/punish/prevent offender from reoffending, 17% Gave a different answer, or declined to cite one reason, 6% Did so to get help or recover loss, 3% Source: RAPE, ABUSE & INCEST NATIONAL NETWORK

STRENGTH

Continued from 10

release herself from blame.

“It didn’t happen to me because I was drinking; it happened to me because of this other person,” she said.

Herron had a similar realization, albeit years after her attack.

“There are things all of us can do to be safer. But at the end of the day, if something ends up happening to you it’s because that person chose to victimize you,” she said.

Like Herron, who still receives feedback about her TED talk, Cannon felt sharing her story was “freeing.”

“It was liberating for me to feel like I wasn’t alone,” Cannon said.

13%

8%

Feared retaliation, 20% Believed the police would not do anything to help, 13% Believed it was a personal matter, 13% Reported to a different official, 8% Believed it was not important enough to report, 8% Didn’t want to get the perpetrator in trouble, 7% Believed the police couldn’t do anything to help, 2% Gave another reason, or did not cite one reason, 30% SAMANTHA NOCK / NEWS&GUIDE

Baker also found she wasn’t alone.

She was one of nine women who accused her suspervisor of sexual miscconduct. He was dismissed.

Cannon’s understanding of the event evolved in the context of #MeToo. The public discourse, she said, made her more comfortable sharing her story.

She started to feel that people would believe her story, even if she didn’t have a ton of details, because many women have had a similar experience. The #MeToo movement emboldened Daly as well.

“It’s a cathartic moment in our culture, and it’s coming from a grassroots groundswell, which is exciting,” Daly said. “It’s hard to put to words the fury that we feel.”

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12 • Jackson Hole Woman | JACKSON HOLE NEWS&GUIDE | Wednesday, October 17, 2018

She did. And a lot had to align for her to do so.

‘H

aving seen the scope of what is required as the victim — it’s a lot.’

When it was over, Cate Watsabaugh ran.

She was half naked, scraped and bruised. She’d lost her shoes and didn’t bother to find her pants. She ran from the alley and up a set of stairs, to the people in the apartment she was trying so hard to wake up.

She remembered screaming, screaming so hard, but hands kept covering her mouth and nose. Between scratching, hitting, pummeling with a heel, she couldn’t breathe. At one point she remembers pleading — if they’d stop covering her mouth she’d stop screaming.

“That was a linear thought I had,” Watsabaugh said. “‘Don’t suffocate.

Don’t pass out. Just stay here.’ That was kind of bargaining that I had done with them so that I could breathe.”

Her cries remained muffled. The alley was dark and off the bustle of Town Square, tucked away from light and nightlife. Only a small cabin and an apartment, a unit above the restaurant where she worked, would have had the chance to hear anything.

She remembers she knocked on the apartment door, and she remembers the door was unlocked so she pushed in, crying, wearing only her black hoodie. The commotion woke up her bosses, who after five years of employment felt more like a second set of parents than employers.

She remembers being thankful to be alive. Her memory gets fuzzy once she fell into the arms of Cinzia and David Gilbert.

“The most indelible pieces to it aren’t really details like what they were wearing,” Watsabaugh said, though she did remember that — does remember that.

“It’s feelings and the emotions,” she said.

Most specifically, death. She was certain she was going to die that night of Aug. 21, 2005. She was 25.

She thought about the person who would find her body, “in an alley full of junk, shit and trash.” She thought about her parents, and who would tell them. The image they’d be left with.

“And then they were gone,” Watsabaugh read from her victim impact statement in Dec. 21, 2007, in a hearing at which Armando Aguilar and Daniel Juarez were sentenced to 25 to 50 years in prison.

“There are no words for the relief I felt. I was alive. And this was the one thing I can thank them for not taking.”

No one asked what she was wearing, though she remembers. No one asked if she’d been drinking, though she remembers she wanted it documented that she had one drink.

A different reaction

BRADLY J. BONER / NEWS&GUIDE

Catherine Watsabaugh

What you think of as rape Her assault was, in many ways, the image that comes to mind when the word “rape” is used: a violent attack by a stranger in a dark alley.

And she was, in many ways, the perfect victim for the justice system — cooperative, steadfast and undeterred by a system that can take years before the possibility of justice is churned out. She’s white and well-known in the small town she grew up in.

She never debated her next step.

She went to St. John’s Medical Center and agreed to a sexual assault exam.

She talked to the police, arriving at the station in scrubs the hospital had given her after confiscating the few clothes she came in with. A few days

later she helped a sketch artist draw renderings of the men.

Her story comes as a stark contrast of others in which their credibility and consent is questioned, where an assault is an assault in the eyes of one party and a misunderstanding on the part of another.

“My assailants, after it happened, ran,” she said. “They weren’t in the kind of situation to defend themselves or to dismiss my story or credibility, attack me in any way.

“Not to say them running was a sure sign of guilt, but that meant my voice was the only voice, through any of that process,” she said. “Had there been an opposing viewpoint it would have been more difficult and more painful than it was.”

In a situation like that, anyone would report, come forward, speak out. Wouldn’t she?

There was another victim that evening, a woman assaulted before Watsabaugh in another Town Square alley — similar scenario, same guys.

The attack was reported a few days after. Unlike Watsabaugh, who spoke to police and the News&Guide, the other victim laid low.

From what Watsabaugh remembers — she learned some information about the victim as she went though the judicial process — the victim was “embarrassed and traumatized and wasn’t from here,” Watsabaugh said.

The assault was reported retroactively, after the survivor confided in a friend.

“I dealt with some bits of frustration, because if she had reported what had happened to her my attack might not have taken place,” Watsabaugh said. “I think my mom struggled with that.”

Still, Watsabaugh said, “it was like if she’s not comfortable, she’s not comfortable. As a fellow victim, I was not going to try to petition her.”

She realizes she may not have reported had the assault taken place a few months later, after she had moved to New York.

“Cate happened to be standing in a place that allowed her that ability,” said Watsabaugh’s mom, Carla. “This might not have worked out this way if she had been in New York City. It took an attitude of a town and a community to help her through this. She felt very supported.”

“It happened right behind where I worked at a job that I loved,” Cate Watsabaugh said. “The first people that I was quite literally able to clutch onto were people who were in a way already caregivers. I’ve thought a lot about this in the more recent years, working for CSN as an advocate. It’s through work like that that’s caused me to ask myself how different my outcome would have been if I were a minority. Or younger. Or hadn’t been at the hands of a stranger. It adds a whole separate layer to what it means to speak out.”

Rejecting being ‘damaged’ Watsabaugh was open about her assault from the time it happened, See WATSABAUGH on 13

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Jackson Hole Woman | JACKSON HOLE NEWS&GUIDE | Wednesday, October 17, 2018 • 13

WATSABAUGH Continued from 12

both to the police and the press. Though she was not named in reports immediately following the attack — it is the News&Guide’s policy to not name survivors of sexual assault unless she or he wishes to be named — she later asked to be named in a 2007 article, which included parts of her witness statement.

“The problem with trying to explain the way that rape has changed my life is that I’m dealing with concepts and feelings and things that cannot be quantified,” she wrote. “I don’t know how to measure fear, pain, loss, rage. I cannot map the emotional path I’ve followed on my way to getting here today. Only survivors of rape will know what life becomes after such horror has been known.”

Coming from a big Jackson Hole family, Watsabaugh has a recognizable last name — her uncle was the Jackson Hole fire chief for 39 years, her dad has long worked for Teton County, her mother worked as the clerk of courts. She was a star swimmer at Jackson Hole High School, a bit of a nerd growing up who didn’t get into too much trouble.

After the attack she became associated with a different image. The girl who was raped on Town Square. She knows some people still remember her that way.

She got a break from it in New York, a place she moved to about a year after the attack. She was able to build a new life there, a new identity, move away from the association of her and an alley behind The Bunnery. She retained control over when and where to share her story — if she shared it at all.

In relationships it’s something she has to find a way to tell a partner, and once she does she’s on guard then to defend every bad day or bout with bad feeling as just that — not some spiral into her past. She’s comfortable talking about the assault, but it’s a process sharing with others. She knows the images that come to mind.

With this article, she will become that girl again, to co-workers who never knew the story, to locals who forgot, to people who moved to town after the attack that turned Jackson Hole on its head.

She doesn’t care, she said.

“I’ve been so open about it for so many years, it’s going to be what it is,” Watsabaugh said.

She has never identified as “the girl.” While in

New York, she called her mom and asked her to pick up her things from evidence. She wanted every piece back, down to her heels, one of which she used to strike one of the assailants so hard she left a mark on his face.

“How about you just let me throw it out in the yard and burn it?” Carla Watsabaugh said. “Why do you feel a need for this?”

“They’re not going to get anything from me,” Watsabaugh replied.

“I just requested that maybe she be with someone when she opened the box,” Carla Watsabaugh said.

Strong case, years for justice Out of 1,000 rapes, 310 will be reported. Of that, 57 lead to arrest, 11 cases are referred to prosecutors, seven cases lead to felony conviction and six perpetrators will be incarcerated, according to RAINN. The numbers aren’t good for victims, even ones who seem to have an airtight case.

Still, some victims, like Watsabaugh, find reporting to police a step toward healing, said Tracey Trefren, at Teton County Victim Services

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But, she said, “there are no guarantees in reporting an incident that it will be solved and successfully prosecuted.”

Watsabaugh speaks clearly about the factors that made the judicial process — even in the best of cases, like hers, a yearslong process — complicated.

The transient nature of Jackson in the summer, Trefren said, can provide an ideal landscape for serial offenders to carry out assaults and then move on. In Watsabaugh’s case both men crossed the border into Mexico shortly after her assault.

As soon as they escaped she assumed the case was cold.

“It stalled out,” she said. “When they fled to Mexico, I figured we’d never see them again. That’s it.”

Months later it popped up again. The men had been found.

Then there was a delay in extradition.

Weeks later the men were shipped back to Wyoming to face trial. They were sentenced to 25 to 50 years.

It seems relatively quick now, but she remembers the stalls being demoralizing. Her mother See JUSTICE on 14

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14 • Jackson Hole Woman | JACKSON HOLE NEWS&GUIDE | Wednesday, October 17, 2018 home for a few days after the attack. to choose what she remembers and Watsabaugh wanted to go back to her what she forgot.

Continued from 13 The central aspects of the trauma apartment in town near St. John’s credits her disposition for pushing Medical Center. are the things people remember. That through. Justice is not swift.

She wanted to go back to work. She is called the weapon focus, Nunez said.

“She’s a very confident woman. wanted to see her friends. She wanted “When people are victims of a She’s strong,” Carla Watsabaugh said. to return to life as it was. And in many crime, especially where there is a “A lot of how she got herself through ways it did. weapon involved, they tend to focus this is her own strength and fortitude.”

Except at night. At night she their attention on the threat,” Nunez One of the toughest parts of the dreamed she was suffocating. That’s said. “So they may not remember all process is the number of times an ex- when the drinking started. of the peripheral details. Especially if perience must be told. Over and over It wasn’t the first time she’d abused you fear for your life, the attention’s and over again. alcohol — she’d done her fair share of going to be on all the cues and all the “It became a little bit like talking binge drinking in her early 20s, and information that has to do with fightabout a book I read,” Watsabaugh had sought treatment to right herself. ing for your life. said. “Which I think now in retro“A lot of women don’t remember But this time was different. spect, having seen the scope of what “My relationships with alcohol who took them home, don’t rememis required as the victim — it’s a lot. changed to become a self-medicating ber who they talked to, they don’t I’m sure that plays largely into why a element. I was not drinking socially remember a lot after the event and lot of people don’t come forward. Not that’s because they’re really attending or out or to have fun,” she said. only do they not know what to expect, Her dreams were so terrifying she to everything that happened to them. and that’s scary in itself, but the repThe rethinking it, the reliving it.” etition of going through it as many drank to black out, to stop herself times as you may have to to see that from dreaming. The rape was a pain- Voices rise up ful violation. But it was the feeling process through is a lot.”

“Sexual violence is at a pretty low Repetition is partly what keeps de- of suffocation, the fear of death, that point in our culture in terms of how lingered in her psyche. tails fresh — “if you don’t tell, you can “At the time I didn’t necessarily it’s talked about, how it’s addressed, expect some memory decay over time, care what was happening to my body. the shame and fear that victims have the University of Wyoming’s Nunez It was already underway. I don’t want when facing their attacks,” Watsaid — but it’s difficult for victims to that to be confused with acceptance, sabaugh said. “We have a Supreme recount a trauma over and over.

Court justice who has been accused of Experts like Gray also caution but when you think you’re going to against viewing memory as a film die …” she said. “That’s when I do feel sexual violence. We have a president who has said incredibly insensitive reel, no matter how soon a traumatic I was a little dissociated.” and dismissive things and has essenOnce her attackers had finished they experience is reported. tially admitted to violating women. stood up, and she stared up at the sky.

“It’s not this seamless second-byAnd if these people, who are traveled “I was lying there looking up thinksecond encoding of everything that and educated and in positions of powing this is going to be the last thing happened. We don’t have that for any er, are saying this, I have real conof our life memories, but we have this I’m going to see,” she said.

One bent down to pick up an ob- cerns about what the future will hold expectation that because it’s traumatic, we should encode everything per- ject, a rock or brick, she thought. if stories like mine and like Keely’s fectly and with unfailing accuracy,” She stifled a scream, thinking there and Tat’s aren’t told.

“It’s very important these narraGray said. “People have an unrealistic was no point, thinking the next thing tives are heard. It’s 2018.” she’d see would be darkness.

The item and unfair expectation for what trauTo Maxwell, the story isn’t hers. he reached for was his baseball cap. ma memory should look like and how One or both of them kissed her on It’s his. unfailing and accurate it should be.”

“A lot of people said, ‘I heard Tat’s the forehead and whispered, “Thank Memory isn’t a choice story,’” she said. “No. You heard Ed’s you,” before running off.

She hates remembering that detail. story. This story wouldn’t have been Carla Watsabaugh wanted her daughter to stay in their West Bank But she, like all survivors, didn’t get told if it wasn’t the behavior that

JUSTICE

happened.”

In addition to destigmatizing shame #MeToo has been a movement calling for change, for a flip in the script in how stories of sexual violence are told, processed, perceived.

“The playing field needs to level, and men need to evolve,” Baker said.

“And the culture needs to evolve where it’s not plausible for men to do this kind of thing anymore. It should be absolutely unacceptable.”

Baker, Cannon and Daly also emphasized a need for women to support and believe each other.

Gray has been “frustrated for decades” at how sexual assault survivors are treated. But there’s a growing silver lining to the backlash that survivors typically face.

“Survivors are no longer feeling like they should be embarrassed, ashamed or live in the shadows,” he said. “There is tremendous synergy and empowerment right now. It’s perpetrators who should be ashamed; it’s perpetrators who should be in the shadows.”

The Community Safety Network is seeing more and more people coming forward and seeking a safe place to tell their story.

“Women are made to feel as though they are responsible for men’s behavior,” Baker said. “Men are responsible for men’s behavior, and boys should not be allowed to ‘just be boys.’”

Why didn’t she speak sooner?

In many cases she couldn’t. But she’s starting to feel she can.

Contact Melissa Cassutt at valley@ jhnewsandguide.com and 732-7076.

Contact Allie Gross at county@ jhnewsandguide.com or 732-7063.

Contact Emily Mieure at courts@ jhnewsandguide.com or 732-7066.

Contact Kylie Mohr at health@ jhnewsandguide.com or 732-7079.

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Jackson Hole Woman | JACKSON HOLE NEWS&GUIDE | Wednesday, October 17, 2018 • 15

OCTOBER IS DOMESTIC VIOLENCE AWARENESS MONTH

WE WILL SHELTER YOU

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LISTEN TO YOU RYAN DORGAN / NEWS&GUIDE

The News&Guide’s Allie Gross, Melissa Cassutt, Emily Mieure and Kylie Mohr and KHOL’s Meg Daly

Keep the dialogue going Tell us your stories and share your solutions.

F

our of us at the News&Guide worked on the “Survivors Speak” package for several months, relying on six brave women and several expert sources to pull it together.

But we know this is just one aspect of a multifaceted issue. We know there is more to this conversation.

We want to extend an invitation to every member of the community — every age, every gender, every race. Help us keep this conversation going. Help us explore stories that don’t just define the problem but also examine solutions.

Four News&Guide journalists have partnered with Meg Daly, KHOL community affairs director, to host openstudio hours in the KHOL studio in the next two weeks. There are three twohour slots open. Swing by whenever is convenient. We won’t be live, but we

will be recording.

Meg will be at all of them; the rest of us will cycle through different days.

Speak to us on the record or on background. Often those terms are confused, so let us explain: On the record means you are identified, and we will attribute what you say to you, possibly in future stories. On background means we know who you are and we’re collecting information as a jumping-off point for future reporting, but we won’t identify you as the person who gave it to us.

As an example, all of the women in “Survivors Speak” were on the record.

We are all part of the solution. We need your help to explore a path forward.

Come talk to us: • noon-2 p.m. Friday, Oct. 19 • 5-7 p.m. Thursday, Oct. 25 • noon-2 p.m. Friday, Oct. 26 Can’t make it? Email or call. Thank you for sharing your voices.

— Melissa Cassutt, Allie Gross, Emily Mieure, Kylie Mohr, Meg Daly

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16 • Jackson Hole Woman | JACKSON HOLE NEWS&GUIDE | Wednesday, October 17, 2018

Only part of the pay gap can be explained away Whether discrimination accounts for some of it isn’t crystal clear.

WAGE GAP - BY THE NUMBERS WYOMING

NATIONAL

$0.32

$0.20

By Frederica Kolwey

E

arlier this month the Wyoming Department of Workforce Services released an update to a 2003 study on wage disparity between men and women in Wyoming.

Wyoming consistently ranks among the states with the widest wage gap.

The new study, commissioned in a bill passed during the 2017 legislative session, aimed to assess the origin of the gap. The updated study looked at contributing factors and found a wage gap persists across industries and occupations.

“It illustrated over again that the wage gap is real and that it exists both between and collectively through a variety of variables,” said Wyoming Rep. Cathy Connolly, a Democrat from Laramie.

Connolly co-sponsored the bill in 2017 with Rep. Marti Halverson, a Republican from Etna.

“Of course there’s variation where it widens or narrows significantly,” Connolly said. “But overall, with virtually everything we look at, we see that wage gap.”

The gender wage gap in Wyoming is approximately 32 cents, meaning women make an average of 68 cents for every dollar men make, according to 2016 U.S. Census Bureau data. The only state with a bigger wage gap is Louisiana. The national average is a 20-cent wage gap.

These numbers compare the difference between the income earned See PAY GAP on 17

NATIONAL AVERAGE BLACK WOMEN

$0.39

NATIONAL AVERAGE LATINA WOMEN

NATIONAL AVERAGE NATIVE WOMEN

$0.47

$0.42

EDUCATION ATTAINMENT HIGH SCHOOL DIPLOMA

BACHELOR’S DEGREE OR HIGHER

100%

100%

80%

80%

60%

60%

40%

40%

42.3% 33.9% 92.8% 94.6% 89.6% 94.2% 93.2% 93.7% 92.8% 92.0% 20%

20%

4.9% 8.2%

Age 18-24

25-34

35-44

45-64

65+

Age 18-24 Men

21.3% 33.7% 24.7% 36.6% 25.9% 27.6% 32.3% 22.8%

25-34

35-44

65+

45-64

Women

WYOMING MEDIAN EARNINGS IN THE PAST 12 MONTHS $70,000

$65,058

$60,000 $50,000

$40,856

$42,164

$46,173

$40,000 $30,000 $20,000

$53,603

$52,196

$30,033 $22,313

$10,000

High School Diploma

Some College/Associate’s Degree

Bachelor’s Degree

Graduate/Professional Degree

Sources: US CENSUS BUREAU, 2017 AMERICAN COMMUNITY SURVEY, 2016 US CENSUS BUREAU DATA AND AAUW FOR WOMEN OF COLOR

ANDY EDWARDS / NEWS&GUIDE

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Jackson Hole Woman | JACKSON HOLE NEWS&GUIDE | Wednesday, October 17, 2018 • 17

PAY GAP

The narrow gap is something Jackson can be proud of, Connolly said, Continued from 16 but because it is primarily due to by men working full time, year round the prevalence of low-paying jobs it with the income of women working doesn’t tell the whole story. full time, year round, regardless of Because industry is such a strong occupation or any other factor. indicator of wages, the argument is The updated study used a loga- often made that women should purrithmic equation to calculate the raw sue careers in higher-paying induswage gap in Wyoming, the gap when tries. Research has shown that arguonly annual wages and sex were tak- ment doesn’t always hold water. en into consideration (as opposed to 2014 data from the U.S. Bureau hours or time of year). The raw wage of Labor Statistics, the U.S. Departgap was 28 cents. When accounting ment of Workforce Services and the for 15 factors the study found indus- Wyoming Department of Workforce try and hours worked were the two Services shows janitors in Wyoming, biggest contributing factors, account- mostly men, made a median hourly ing for 15 cents of the gap. wage of $13.45, about 80 cents more The remaining 13 cents could not than the national average. be accounted for by the variables inIn comparison, maids and housecluded in the study. Those 13 cents keeping cleaners in Wyoming, mostly could be attributed to discrimination, women, made a median hourly wage according to the study. of $9.73, over $3 less than their male “Only half of the gap can be ex- counterparts and about 50 cents less plained,” Connolly said. an hour than the national average.

Other studies A comprearound the counhensive study of try have found U.S. Census data portions of the from 1950 to 2000 found that gender wage gap as women moved that can’t be atinto professions tributed to any of previously domithe variables used, nated by men, and that’s the porthe average wage tion often attribdropped. The inuted to gender verse was true discrimination, as men moved which is concerninto jobs that ing, she said. were previously In a 2012 re— Cathy Connolly held by majority port from the women.

WYOMING STATE REPRESENTATIVE FROM LARAMIE American AssoThat may be the case, Halvciation of Unierson said, but versity Women, a nonprofit research organization, a 7 from a legislative perspective, it is percent difference in men and wom- hard to change people’s values.

“We’ve tried to legislate morality en’s wages was found even after conbefore and it didn’t work,” Halverson trolling for a variety of related factors said. such as college major, occupation, Policies can, however, create acindustry sector, hours worked, work- commodations to address workplace place flexibility, experience, educa- limitations that often lead to ecotional attainment, enrollment status, nomic disparities for women down GPA, college selectivity, age, race/ the line, said Natalia Macker, a Teton ethnicity, region, marital status and County commissioner.

Policies in the Wyoming Legislamotherhood.

Research from two professors at ture tend to not prioritize funding for Cornell, published in 2016, when child care, because there is a percepcontrolled for education, experience, tion that care should be handled at race/ethnicity, region and metropoli- home by the mother, Macker said. tan area, found 38 percent of the cur- Policies can support child care costs rent wage gap is from “unexplained and other responsibilities typically factors,” which they attribute to sev- assigned to women without writing eral potential factors, including pure such a mandate into the law.

In Teton County child care is on discrimination, as well as more subtle average one of the top two biggest reasons such as cultural deterrents to costs for families. women pursuing careers in historicalResearch shows women are disly male-dominated professions. proportionately penalized for having The results of the Wyoming study children, seeing an average 4 percent are not a direct measure of discriminawage decrease for each child. Men oftion, Connolly said, but if evidence of discrimination were to come from any- ten receive pay increases after having where, it would be in the unexplained children — an average of 6 percent, some research found. portion.

For women, and especially single Whereas this finding was cause for concern for Connolly, it came as a re- mothers, all these elements combine to disproportionately place the lief to Halverson.

“I was relieved that there was no burden of that cost and that care on blatant discrimination found,” Halv- women, contributing to cycles of generson said. “That really worried me, erational poverty, said Jen Simon, and when Cathy and I put this bill the representative for the Wyoming together, I was worried that a report Council for Women’s Issues for Teton, might find some systemic discrimina- Sublette and Fremont counties. tion. How on earth was the LegislaMacker has two young kids and ture going to deal with that? as a county commissioner she is fre“There is a fraction of the wage gap quently expected to attend meetings that cannot be explained,” she said. across the state, sometimes requir“Is there discrimination in there? The ing her to drive eight hours each way, report did not conclusively find that.” which sometimes means she is not In general in Wyoming, men historically have dominated high-paying min- present at the meetings, she said.

Allowing women to Skype in to eral extraction jobs, whereas women meetings instead of having to drive dominate in lower-paying occupations long distances to attend them is one such as education and health care.

The study found the wage gap for way to support women in holding women in Teton County is the second public policy positions without forcing them to compromise other relowest in the state, at 7 cents.

In Jackson tourism and hospitality sponsibilities, Macker said.

She recently received special perare the dominant industries, and they are also often associated with the nar- mission to attend a meeting via video rowest gap, but they are also associ- conference instead of traveling to it.

See WAGES on 18 ated with low wages.

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Including the cost of child care and maternity and paternity leave in workplace benefits is another way to support women’s responsibilities outside of the workplace. And in creating such policies, Macker said, it makes a big difference if legislators have firsthand experience with child care, whether they are men or women.

“There is nothing better than s omeone helping craft a policy who has the lived experience that policy is going to impact,” Macker said. “They’re family issues, they’re economic issues; they’re not women’s issues.”

Indeed, the new study tested the effects of women’s hourly wages being increased to those of men and found it would add $153 million in labor income, the effect of 604 additional jobs and over $80 million to the Wyoming economy.

Before the next meeting of the Labor, Health and Human Services Committee meeting, Connolly and Halverson have been charged with brainstorming bills to address the pervasive wage gap.

The opportunity to present possible policy solutions to the committee felt like a nod to the study’s importance, Connolly said.

She and Halverson already have a few ideas, they said. They plan to reintroduce a bill they brought up last session, which they call the “penalty parity” bill. The bill would increase the fine to employers found to be paying workers different amounts based on sex. The fine for other workplace violations such as incorrectly reporting the hours an employee worked is hundreds of dollars higher than the current fine for wage discrimination based on gender.

Obligating recipients of ENDOW (Economically Needed Diversity Op-

tions for Wyoming) funding to show they have wage parity and are actively recruiting women is another idea, Connolly said.

The newly released study also showed that men in Wyoming consistently receive workplace benefits in greater numbers than women, which is something Connolly would like to address, she said.

The study includes its own list of potential solutions, drawing from policies implemented by other states.

Around the country, organizations are supporting women to run for office and prepare them for positions on appointed state boards.

Simon, through her work for the Wyoming Council on Women’s Issues, is studying the gender balance on the state’s appointed boards and commissions and working to move the needle to better reflect the gender balance of the state.

She is also publishing a report on wage gap data in Wyoming and working to make child care more accessible through initiatives that explain its economic benefits to the community as a whole.

Having accurate data is important for all those efforts, Simon said.

“If you can’t measure it you can’t change it,” she said.

Legislators, Connolly said, have the power to allocate the state’s funds, and they can direct that money toward things that fairly value the contribution of Wyoming’s workers.

“Economic self-sufficiency in general is a benefit not only to women but to her family and her community as well,” Connolly said. “There is no stability in vulnerability, and what the wage gap does is add to vulnerability.”

Contact Frederica Kolwey valley@jhnewsandguide.com.

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20 • Jackson Hole Woman | JACKSON HOLE NEWS&GUIDE | Wednesday, October 17, 2018

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Jackson Hole Woman | JACKSON HOLE NEWS&GUIDE | Wednesday, October 17, 2018 • 21

Brewer Salene Freeman checks on the tun of Moxxie, a mango pale ale created by a group of females in brewing as a part of Women’s Day at Snake River Brewing.

AMBER BAESLER / NEWS&GUIDE PHOTOS

Getting back to the back of the brewery Craft brewing opens the door to female scientists, brewers and managers.

By Melissa Cassutt

F

orty hours a week Cat Wright stares down a microscope, preparing petri dishes and performing tests in a lab fit for one person.

Wright, who holds a Ph.D. in chemistry, wouldn’t exactly say she was aiming for this profession all along when she started studying biochemistry as an undergrad at the University of New Mexico. But lab manager at Roadhouse Brewing Co. fits her well.

She didn’t set up this lab — that was done by the first lab manager, Mara Miller — but she’s since tweaked it to fit her needs. She gets time off when she wants it, powder days are a real thing, and part of being a lab manager for a brewery is keeping a beer library.

Her job requires her to taste beer.

“I love it,” Wright said. “That role is very powerful. You’re saying, ‘Yes, that beer is ready’ or ‘No, dump that batch.’

There’s a lot of responsibility there.”

There’s also a lot of camaraderie in brewing, and a growing population of female employees, both in the front of house and in the back. Wright is one of a group of female scientists who run quality control for local breweries — in fact, women have started and run the QC labs at three of the four local breweries: Roadhouse, Snake River Brewing and Melvin Brewing.

StillWest doesn’t yet have an established quality control lab.

While the number of female employees has been growing in the industry, quite possibly it’s more appropriate to say the number of female employees has been growing back.

Beer was a female-dominated indus-

try when it first began, said Laura Ulrich, president of the Pink Boots Society, an organization that promotes women in the beer industry.

Along with cooking and household chores, women were tasked with brewing beer, she said. The Sumerians, who are credited with discovering beer, even looked to a female to bless their brews, the Sumerian goddess Ninkasi.

The Industrial Revolution changed the game, Ulrich said, shifting women to the front of the house, where many still work, and men to the back.

“It’s been in the last 40 years or so that as more people have gotten into beer and more independent brewers have opened up that women have come to the forefront,” she said.

And have moved back to the back.

In Jackson women aren’t just running the quality control labs, they’re also brewers, owners and part of the team that runs the show. Like Kelley “Rocky” Romines, who’s both a scientist and brewer at Snake River, or Jody Valenta, who holds a job in the c-suite at Roadhouse Brewing.

A recent study by the U.S. Census Bureau showed what many already knew to be true: The beer industry is booming. And in Wyoming the gender split is near even: 48.9 percent female, 51.1 percent male.

The data is admittedly limited — it examined breweries by county from 2005 to 2016, but some notable local breweries are not on the map. Like all of them.

No breweries are listed for Teton County.

Still, looking big picture, the numbers and demographics at local breweries suggest more women are entering the industry.

“I think women are starting to see other women do it,” Ulrich said. “If you see other women doing it, you get an interest for it.”

See BREWERY on 22

Former lab manager Mara Miller sniffs fermenting beer and pulls samples to test at Roadhouse Brewing Co.

22 • Jackson Hole Woman | JACKSON HOLE NEWS&GUIDE | Wednesday, October 17, 2018

Brewers Kelley Romines, Ariel Koerber, Jody Valenta and Julie Bynum chat as their Moxxie mango pale ale brews in the tun behind them at Snake River Brewery.

BREWERY

Continued from 21

Opportunity abounds Part of what draws women to the craft brewing industry is the number of jobs up for grabs, said Salene Freeman, who works with Romines in the lab at Snake River Brewing while also tackling other tasks like managing retail and brewing.

“There’s so many jobs available, so it does give women more of an opportunity to get into this industry, even with no experience,” she said. “If you have a love for beer, you should be more than welcome.”

While in other science-focused jobs — positions in large labs, for example — employees are logging 80 to 100 hours a week in a highly competitive environment, the beer industry has the opposite vibe. Employees still Miller tests the beer to make sure it is fermenting properly. log a 40 hours or more weekly, but But it’s not just scientists who The Pink Boots Society launched in also shift hours to take advantage of found a home in the beer industry. 2007 with a little over a dozen mema powder day.

“It’s really well-suited to me. I’ve Ulrich, for example, has an English bers. It now has about 2,800. The always been a wild and crazy scien- degree. She’s now a brewer at Stone Wyoming Chapter, led by Romines, tist,” Wright said. “All of my co-work- Brewing Co. in San Diego. She worked has organized group events on Interers understand me well because I’m a her way into the position, starting by national Women’s Brew Day, inviting big kid.” working in a bar, women in the industry and those who She also finds then moving to just like beer to brew together. that her work in This year’s beer, Moxxie, was rethe production the lab, a oneline at Odell’s leased in mid April. woman show by Brewery. all accounts, has Ulrich even- More flexibility for family George Romines has been a fregiven her the tually landed at quent face at Snake River Brewing, ability to put her Stone, though degree and love when she started despite being too young to imbibe.

Since Romines had George, her for science to use she was one of a while still being small (but grow- first child, she’s faced the challenge able to enjoy the ing) group of fe- many new moms tackle: balancing reason she came male brewers in life with a newborn and easing back into a full-time position. She knew to Jackson: the the country. snow. didn’t have she wanted to work again, but it was — Cat Wright any“I other Many who are women the flexibility of her job — she gets LAB MANAGER AT ROADHOUSE BREWING CO. to look to,” she to set her own schedule — as well as science-minded have gravitated said. “If I had any- the brew pub’s culture that made her toward beer, for thing to discuss transition possible.

“They’re super flexible here — similar reasons, there wasn’t anylike Romines, who worked in large labs body to connect with. At that time, it was that’s definitely a perk and benefit to a novelty to be a female in the industry.” it,” she said. before landing at Snake River.

“That role is very powerful. You’re saying ‘Yes, that beer is ready’ or ‘No, dump that batch.’ There’s a lot of responsibility there.”

AMBER BAESLER / NEWS&GUIDE

Taste Test A lot of potential beer drinkers are intimidated by beer, but find after a good tasting they like the product more than they thought. Especially women, Pink Boots president Laura Ulrich said.

“A lot of people say they don’t like beer but they’re coffee drinkers,” she said. Such a palate makes someone primed for a porter or a stout.

Give beer a chance, Ulrich said.

The U.S. Census noted the average age of Wyoming brewers is 38.6 years, a time when women are often having kids or raising young children.

For many women, like Wright — “a person who would like to someday be a mom” — the industry offers her the opportunity to pursue both paths without compromise.

“We really are a huge family,” Freeman said. “We work our asses off just like anybody else. We’re paid the same as men here — that’s huge for us.”

Women have also said the strong female presence — and guys who respect and value their female counterparts — makes craft breweries a great place to work.

“It’s not like walking into a boys club, even though you are walking into a sausage fest anytime you walk into a brewery,” Wright said. “It’s a comfortable environment where people are happy to have girls.”

Inclusive industry “Brewing is just naturally inclusive,” said Valenta, who found her way to the industry by a natural curiosity that has her shifting studies (though not careers) every few years.

Valenta has degrees in biology and chemistry, and a master’s in international business. She’s working on a Ph.D. in philosophy, and then, who knows. She’s been in brewing for See BEER on 23

Jackson Hole Woman | JACKSON HOLE NEWS&GUIDE | Wednesday, October 17, 2018 • 23

BEER

Continued from 22

over 10 years, first working at Twisted Pine in Boulder before moving to president and chief operating officer of Roadhouse Brewing.

The industry seems to attract similar personalities — those who seek to learn something new or change careers, Ulrich said.

Romines has an undergraduate degree in geology (hence the nickname “Rocky”) and a master’s in water chemistry — the latter a well-suited course of study for the lab. But she also wanted to brew, and she was given that opportunity at Snake River.

Cat Wright has been lab manager at Roadhouse Brewing Co. since May.

The Women’s Day brew, Moxxie, made its debut April 17.

“If you see other women doing it, you get an interest for it.”

— Laura Ulrich

PINK BOOKS SOCIETY

“It’s fun and it’s science,” Romines said. “People always say it’s a blend of science and art when you’re brewing beer.”

Women have generally found they’re able to advance as Romines has, shifting to different parts of the company that better match their interests, be it brewing, quality control or marketing.

Ulrich said the flexibility is a testament to the industry.

“There are no glass ceilings in brewing,” she said. “Only educational ceilings.”

Contact Melissa Cassutt at 732-7076, valley@jhnewsandguide.com or @ JHNGvalley.

Kelley Romines, lab manager at Snake River Brewery, removes the gas from a sample of beer before testing it for quality.

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24 • Jackson Hole Woman | JACKSON HOLE NEWS&GUIDE | Wednesday, October 17, 2018

Man at helm of Safety Network offers vital voice Executive Director Andy Cavallaro proves an effective advocate in gender-based violence prevention and protection.

By Jules Butler

T

here may be no coincidences in life.

Andy Cavallaro started his new job as the first male executive director of the Community Safety Network just two months before the #MeToo movement stormed into the national consciousness a year ago.

Soon more men began coming to the table regarding the prevention of violence against women.

Although there have been many male volunteer advocates at the Community Safety Network over its 37-year history, Cavallaro is the first paid male staffer.

The nonprofit agency provides support and a haven to those affected by domestic or sexual violence and stalking in Jackson Hole. Not surprisingly, the majority of those seeking help are women.

Cavallaro believes he was brought into the organization that has traditionally had an all-female staff for several reasons.

“One of those reasons was to help engage more men and boys to be included in the solution to domestic violence,” Cavallaro said.

“

This is not a women’s issue.

This is a human issue where men typically abuse women; men have to be a part of the remedy.”

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FIRST MALE EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR OF THE COMMUNITY SAFETY NETWORK

Jim Auge, president of the Safety Network’s board of directors, told the News&Guide that the board never specifically sought a man for the position.

“Our only goal was to find the most qualified candidate,” Auge said. “As it turned out, Andy was deemed that candidate, and he accepted the job. One year later, we’re thrilled with the job he’s done.”

Cavallaro said that over the past year people have fairly constantly asked him about his job since he is — essentially — the only male on campus at the Community Safety Network.

“I cannot tell you how many times I have been asked, ‘How is your job at the women’s shelter?’ and ‘It must be challenging to be a man in that arena,’” Cavallaro said.

“And my response is pretty similar: This is not a women’s issue. This is a human issue where men typically abuse women; men have to be a part of the remedy.”

Dr. Jackson Katz, co-founder of Mentors in Violence Protection, has come to speak to the Jackson community several times through the Community Safety Network, and Cavallaro subscribes to his philosophy regarding men and abuse.

“We need to view men not only as perpetrators or possible offenders, but as empowered bystanders who can confront abusive peers, be potential mentors and teach young boys about how to be men in ways that don’t involve degrading or abusing girls and women — or men,” Katz has said. “Gender violence and sexual violence are not women’s issues. They are human issues, and men need to change how we think, feel and act.”

A 2015 report from the United States Agency International Development found that the proactive engagement of men and boys as contributors to the prevention of gender-based violence is “becoming an increasingly common component of violence prevention efforts globally.”

As if to underscore that phenomenon of men’s engagement with gender violence prevention being alive and well here in Teton County, over Teton Pass in Driggs, Idaho, the executive director at the Family Safety Network also is a man.

The Family Safety Network hired former Arizona attorney Marc D’Amore three years ago. Though not a shelter, the organization offers free, confidential help for victims of domestic violence or sexual assault.

Beyond being male, D’Amore thinks the reason the board of directors of the Family Safety Network hired him was his background. Although not currently practicing he was a government lawyer with the Arizona at-

Andy Cavallaro is the director of the Community Safety Network.

torney general’s office for 15 years before relocating to Teton Valley, Idaho, in 2015.

“I think that background was attractive to the board since we work so closely with the sheriff’s department and the prosecutor’s office here,” D’Amore said.

When D’Amore decided to look for something productive to do in his new state he saw a posting for the director position he now holds. He started researching domestic violence, sexual assault and rape crimes and statistical data, as well as other information about the work that agencies like the Family Safety Network do.

D’Amore reflected upon his own experiences going all the way back to high school and college and realized he had known a lot of women who had been victimized and how nonD’Amore chalantly these types of crimes are treated in our country, he said.

“And then I saw the statistics the Department of Justice and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention published that 1 in 4 women are victims of domestic violence and 1 in 5 are raped during their lifetime in this country; those statistics just staggered me,” D’Amore said. “I couldn’t think of a better way than to dedicate my time, energies and experience as a lawyer — and just as a person, responsible adult and citizen — to try to make a difference.”

AMBER BAESLER / NEWS&GUIDE

D’Amore agrees with Cavallaro that the crimes both the Family Safety Network and Community Safety Network deal with are fundamental human rights issues.

“Women can’t solve the issues without having men at the table here,” D’Amore said.

Like D’Amore, Cavallaro — a husband and father of two — felt drawn to the Community Safety Network and its mission on a number of levels, both personal and professional.

According to a 2016 University of WashingtonTacoma study, what motivates men in gender-based violence prevention is an “emotional and personal connection to the issue of violence against women, a sense of connection with a community of individuals working to end violence, and/or an emerging understanding of violence as something structurally embedded and that compels immediate action.”

Before moving to Jackson 20 years ago Cavallaro worked in social services in Minnesota with at-risk youth and their families. While teaching at an alternative high school there he offered a class about sexuality and relationships.

“Many of the teenage girls and boys I worked with had experienced physical and/or sexual violence and were also perpetrators,” Cavallaro said. “My primary goal was to create space to discuss healthy relationships, healthy communication and most importantly, respect and empathy. Having a man in that role is important See CSN on 25

Jackson Hole Woman | JACKSON HOLE NEWS&GUIDE | Wednesday, October 17, 2018 • 25

CSN

Continued from 24

for young women — and all women — to know that not all men out there are abusive and violent.”

His experience as a small-business owner, an elected official (Teton County assessor) and a teacher has helped “immensely” with his position at the Community Safety Network, Cavallaro said.

Additionally, he grew up in a violent and abusive household.

“My mom and family would have really benefited from the services CSN provides,” he said. “Organizations like this were not readily available to our family.”

After Cavallaro’s mother died this past summer he finally realized why his work is so important to him.

“I didn’t connect all the dots as to why my path led to this [CSN] until my mom was dying,” Cavallaro said. “It was pretty cool to connect it and confirm what I’m doing here.”

Teaching kids how to create the culture they want to be a part of is a large portion of the curriculum the Community Safety Network is working on with the Teton County School District. Cavallaro said he and his organization are trying to mentor and teach young men and boys to change their behavior and thought patterns.

“Instead of all that negative, unhealthy talk, bullying and sexist-abusive language, let’s take that energy and build something positive and support each other,” Cavallaro said. “This year we’re creating a custom curriculum to work with sixth-, seventh- and eighth-graders around this culture of respect.”

Cavallaro has developed healthy, supporting relationships with several Community Safety Network clients and their children who have stayed on in the organization’s long-term housing facility. This was not something anybody, including the board of direc-

Just the Facts October is Domestic Violence Awareness Month.

For help and support 24 hours a day, seven days a week call: In Jackson, Community Safety Network; 733-7233(SAFE) In Teton Valley, Idaho, Family Safety Network; 208-354-7233 (SAFE) National Domestic Violence Hotline: 800-799-7233 (SAFE) The Community Safety Network will host an event for men only from 6 to 7 p.m. Oct. 25 at Hansen Hall in St. John’s Episcopal Church. It will be a conversation about the current gender landscape. Fathers and men will leave with three tools to help educate and communicate with their children. tors, really expected.

“Initially I think some of our clients were a little taken aback by me,” Cavallaro said, “but through those learning and growing experiences and these clients getting to know me and that I’m who I am — that I’m actually helpful — that’s been a really big positive for our organization and for our clients.”

Starr Sonne, the Community Safety Network’s director of client services, couldn’t agree more.

“Andy has successfully transcended his gender-specific first impressions by thoughtfully greeting and making introductions with our guests and visitors,” Sonne said.

“Andy serves to remind all of us that domestic violence, sexual assault and stalking are not ‘women’s issues,’ they are human issues. Andy, being a man, might just be the ticket for activating men in our community to stand up and protect human rights.”

Contact Jules Butler via valley@ jhnewsandguide.com.

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26 • Jackson Hole Woman | JACKSON HOLE NEWS&GUIDE | Wednesday, October 17, 2018

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how feminine and strong she is.

Engeln recommends that we create a household where we don’t talk about appearance, though not because complimenting someone’s appearance is bad. Rather, the practice of complimenting someone for who they are and Millions of women hear hurtful how they contribute to the world shifts statements like those when they look the focus of worth off of appearance. in the mirror.

If you’re a mom who wants to break I was one of them. These were my the body shaming cycle but is feeling statements. I bet they’ve been yours, too. behind, Engeln said it’s never too late to According the Institute for the Psy- start. And don’t be afraid of messing up. chology of Eating, 97 percent of wom“Sometimes it’s hard,” Engeln said en dislike their bodies on an average of this practice she’s been working on day. Body dissatisfaction is so com- with her niece. “But I always try to mon it’s the norm. correct it if I slip up.”

That is a problem.

Don’t know where to begin? Here “The pressure to measure up to are a few ideas to get you started: Tithe American beauty ideal — thin, nyURL.com/changeyourcompliments. firm, smooth and young — is greater Second, be aware of the media you than ever before,” according to a Psy- consume. Does what you watch, read chology Today article, “A Duty to Be or view help you feel good and emBeautiful,” by Heather Widdows. It’s powered as you are? Or are you left become normal to partake in the diz- feeling less than or not enough? zying number of beauty products and Notice if you find yourself comparing procedures available to us. And as yourself with the before-and-after immore and more of us engage in beau- ages on social media or clicking on the tifying, those women who don’t may “how to get ripped abs in five days” arfeel like their bodies are ticles or admiring the beauty not OK as is. ideals portrayed on the latRedefining beauty isn’t est Netflix series. about choosing to particiThe Beauty Redefined pate in beautifying or not. blog, penned by Kite and Instead it’s about creating a twin sister Lexie, beautifully cultural shift in how beauty described the problem of is defined and how our selfcomparison. worth as women is defined.

“Self-comparison divides Over the decades, culand conquers us, tricking tural beauty ideals have us into seeing each other changed to include almost as enemies instead of allies all body types, but it hasn’t and bodies instead of souls. been since the Renaissance Tanya Mark When we mentally remove that women’s natural bodourselves from the competiies were viewed as beautiful.

Can we reclaim our natural bodies? tion for beauty and attention that pits And can we be more than our bodies? us against each other, we can finally unite in empathy and sisterhood.”

Yes, we can. And it’s time we do.

To help us create that shift I examClear out messages of body ined research from two body image perfection and make room for body experts, Lindsay Kite, who holds a positive affirmations. For a list of doctorate and runs BeautyRedefined. body positive social media accounts com, and Renee Engeln, body image to follow check out TinyURL.com/ researcher, professor at Northwestern bodypositivesocialmedia.

University and author of “Beauty Sick.”

Even as a body image movement “The message that ‘all women are global ambassador (What is that, beautiful, flaws and all’ is really nice. you ask? BodyImageMovement.com/ But it isn’t fixing anyone’s body image ambassador), I still struggle with issues,” Kite wrote. “That’s because comparing myself with unrealistic women are not only suffering because beauty ideals. But my thinking has of the unattainable ways beauty is be- changed. It’s not that I love my ing defined. We are suffering because stretch marks and cellulite or think we are being defined by beauty. We my wrinkles are beautiful. But I are bodies first and people second.” don’t hate them either. I just ... think Engeln said messages that tell us they’re human. that our looks matter more than our Let’s redefine beauty. And let’s be actions keep us tied to the mirror. The more than our bodies and beauty. more space our physical appearance takes up in our heads, the less time I want to apologize to all the women and emotional energy we have left for I have called pretty. living the rest of our lives.

Before I’ve called them intelligent or That preoccupation of trying to brave. attain unrealistic beauty standards I am sorry I made it sound as though causes increased anxiety, worry, feelsomething as simple as what you’re ings of failure, lowered self-esteem, born with disordered eating, relentless dieting is the most you have to be proud of when your spirit has crushed and exercise obsessions, mental and physical health issues and overall di- mountains.

From now on I will say things like, minished well-being, Widdows writes. you are resilient But we can change. We can unwind or, you are extraordinary. our culture’s beauty ideals from our Not because I don’t think you’re self-worth. Two research-based body pretty. image strategies show us how.

But because you are so much more First, shift your compliments to traits than that. other than physical appearance. That — Rupi Kaur may take more practice than you think.

My sister recently sent me a photo Like yourself. Be a rebel. that captured the personality of my niece. She was lifting up her home- Tanya Mark is a mind-body coming dress to show her Under Ar- nutritionist and body image mour athletic boy shorts, a testament movement global ambassador. to her unique and funny character.

Contact her via tanya@tanyamark.

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Jackson Hole Woman | JACKSON HOLE NEWS&GUIDE | Wednesday, October 17, 2018 • 27

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28 • Jackson Hole Woman | JACKSON HOLE NEWS&GUIDE | Wednesday, October 17, 2018

No boys allowed: Activities offer women solidarity Classes make traditionally male-dominated sports more approachable for women.

By Frederica Kolwey

T

hat men historically dominated the world of outdoor recreation is old news. Hunting and fly-fishing outings, practical necessities in many people’s lives, were largely for men only.

Recreational pursuits such as skiing and mountain biking were also dominated by male athletes for decades.

These patterns create natural teachers, built-in father-to-son mentorships, almost inherited knowledge about reading weather patterns and perfecting skills.

As female athletes grow in numbers in outdoor recreation, strong female mentorship is not as ingrained in the experience.

But that, too, may be changing. In many towns across the country, including Jackson, organizations are attempting to offer women educational opportunities that empower their forays into the outdoor rec world.

The classes and workshops seem to offer women a balance of independence and support, providing them the skills to safely recreate in the backcountry as well as a community of female coaches and fellow recreators with whom to go outside.

Supportive communities Though it has taken different forms throughout the years, Jackson Hole Mountain Resort has offered a women’s ski and snowboard camp for about 30 years. The current camp has looked about the same for the last 15 or 20 of those years: four days of instruction and ski time on Rendezvous Mountain in small groups of skiers with comparable abilities.

RYAN DORGAN / NEWS&GUIDE

Members of Jackson Hole Babe Force meet to bike on the third Wednesday of every month through the summer. Riders said the meets were encouraging and supportive.

“The idea is that when we get women together in like ability groups with women coaches, we tend to see a trajectory of exploration and adventure that we don’t see out of women skiers in coed groups nearly as much,” coach Lexey Wauters said.

Wauters has been involved with the camps since the outset, first coaching and then as the coordinator. She and two other instructors came up with the idea to host a single-day women’s clinic each week, which then grew to

three- and four-day camps. Wauters has now mostly passed off instruction of the camps to other coaches, she said.

The camps create a supportive atmosphere in which women feel more comfortable taking risks, because there is less fear of failing, Wauters said.

“It gives women a chance to not only step into a place that they don’t normally, as far as taking risks physically, and also allows them to immerse themselves in a project that’s just about themselves,” Wauters said.

Most women, she said, come without their kids or husbands, so they can step away from other responsibilities and just focus on skiing.

Such classes also foster camaraderie within the group.

“When women get outside in groups of other women, different types of leaders emerge,” said Jenny Wolfrom, a board member for Jackson Hole Babe Force.

“Women have a different type of intuition in terms of what they feel is safe. There is

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Learning to wakesurf alongside other women “gave me a healthy comparison,” Cat Wright said.

CHANCE

Continued from 28

a little bit more room for discussion and more room to be vulnerable.”

Babe Force is a Jackson organization founded about six years ago with the goal of creating a group of women who could get out and ski together. Today the organization tries to create year-round opportunities for women to meet other women engaging in outdoor recreation. It offers scholarships for women to take avalanche education classes and ski camps or enter competitions they wouldn’t otherwise be able to afford.

This was the second summer Babe Force hosted an event called Trails to Tailgate. Once a month it invited women to meet to hike or mountain bike and then meet for beers donated by Roadhouse Brewing Co. The participants split into ability groups, and a volunteer from Babe Force usually led each group, Wolfrom said.

Classes devoted to women participants can offer women a more accurate

picture of what their own curve will be when learning a new sport.

“It gave me a healthy comparison — not some dude doing gnarly shit,” said Cat Wright during a women’s wake surfing class hosted by Teton Surf Co.

Becoming independent Many women who came to Teton Surf Co.’s Wednesday Women’s Wake Surf Club were there to learn the basics in a supportive setting, so they would then feel more comfortable going out with friends, said Bethanie Hruska, an instructor with Teton Surf Co. “Women tend to kind of default to the men or male personalities in their groups, or maybe aren’t as confident or comfortable in the backcountry,” Wolfrom said.

“We’re trying to build confidence through knowledge and also through interacting through skiing or biking or hiking with other women,” she said.

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30 • Jackson Hole Woman | JACKSON HOLE NEWS&GUIDE | Wednesday, October 17, 2018

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en’s rowing clinics, and this year offered its first “introduction to fly fishing” class.

Continued from 29 Women often come to the resort’s womheld in May 2017, they were able to give en’s ski camp with backstories about scholarships to 20 women. having to overcome injuries or having Across the pass in Victor, Idaho, to get back into shape after having chilWorldCast Anglers is also creating op- dren, Wauters said. As a coach it’s very portunities for women to gain skills to satisfying for her to watch women overengage in outdoor recreation. For the come that and start to enjoy themselves. company, it’s all about fly-fishing.

“It’s amazing to watch, and you can’t This summer was the second year in help but get caught up in that energy a row they hosted a free fly-fishing day and enthusiasm,” Wauters said. for women taught by women coaches.

Echoing the joy that getting outside with other wom“There is a large en brings, Woldemographic that from and Wright wants to try flyboth said recreatfishing,” said Mike ing in groups of Dawkins, an ownwomen is someer and partner of thing they seek.

WorldCast Anglers “It’s always and a coordinator of more fun shredthe free class. “This ding with girls, is an opportunity that’s in an environment — Jenny Wolfrom whether surfing, snowthat’s supported by JACKSON HOLE BABE FORCE BOARD MEMBER boarding or skatefemale anglers and boarding,” Wright female instructors.” said.

The class aims to provide women the In her experience coaching ski camps skills to go fly-fishing on their own, and in as well as leading river trips, Wauters a way that doesn’t require they put down has repeatedly heard from women that a lot of money just to see if it’s a sport they the experiences affect how they apwant to pursue, Dawkins said. proach seemingly unrelated situations “I am the first to admit that the fly in the rest of their lives, she said. shop is a huge barrier to entry for fe“I would not be surprised at all if peomale anglers,” Dawkins said. “It’s intim- ple do leave here with a sense of confiidating; it’s not the most educational or dence and empowerment that maybe welcoming place, so however we could they didn’t necessarily have when they break down those barriers was our goal.” came into it,” Wauters said. “It might not be world-changing, but a subtle Enlightened at yoga class change in how someone approaches A light bulb went off for Dawkins the new risks and challenges.” first time he attended a yoga class, he Several studies suggest outdoor recsaid. He didn’t have the right clothes, reation in general affects people’s condidn’t know how to do the poses and fidence and ability to take risks and was surrounded by a group of people new challenges, Wauters said. that seemed completely comfortable in Jokingly, she added, “I have to bethe foreign situation. lieve that we are changing lives one “That was a real big sort of mind shift women’s camp at a time.” for me,” Dawkins said. “This is how a female angler feels coming into my fly shop.” Contact Frederica Kolwey via valley@ WorldCast Anglers also offers wom- jhnewsandguide.com.

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32 • Jackson Hole Woman | JACKSON HOLE NEWS&GUIDE | Wednesday, October 17, 2018

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sk yourself these questions: When comes from mastery, the feeling that “I was the last time you took a risk or can do it.” Mastery often comes from tried something that was beyond recovering from failure, falling down your comfort zone? Did you dive right in, and getting back up again. Confidence start by testing the waters, is about not letting our imprecisely measure all the perfections prevent us from angles or shy away from it almoving forward. How can together? What was the outour girls become confident come of how you approached if they don’t even try? that challenge, and how did While girls succeed in you feel about yourself after? school — studies show The level of confidence they outperform boys acawe feel determines how we demically through graduanswer such questions. ate school — they don’t do Men and women do not as well once they hit the job necessarily have similar market. The gender gap in levels of confidence. Claire wages earned and leaderShipman, Katty Kay and ship positions is real.

JillEllyn Riley, authors of The workforce values several articles and two Rachel Wigglesworth taking risks, speaking up books about confidence in and moving forward even women and girls, cite studies that show if you doesn’t have 100 percent of the that “compared with men, women don’t skill. That requires you to be willing to consider themselves as ready for pro- put forth ideas that might be criticized. motions, they predict they’ll do worse Generally that is not how women were on tests, and they generally underesti- raised, not to mention those values are a myopic view of leadership that often mate their abilities.”

Studies show that between the ages excludes women.

Success is as correlated with confiof 8 and 14 the confidence level of girls falls by 30 percent. Between those ages dence as it is with competence. Women girls start overthinking their decisions can be equally as good as men at a parand actions, often leaving them less ticular job or activity, but if they have less confidence they are less likely to be likely to take risks.

Additionally, girls tend to be social- successful. If that is the case, and conized, more so than boys, to be quiet, fidence is so important for job acquisinice and polite (dare I say perfect?). If tion and compensation, then how can being the “good girl” is what is valued it we teach it to our girls?

Lack of confidence can be paralyzing. becomes hard for her to take a risk, try something new, persist after failure — It is closely aligned with fear of failure the opposite of what is needed to build and self-doubt. But what if we embrace those vulnerable feelings, accept them for confidence.

Confidence is a belief that we are what they are and still continue to move See CONFIDENCE on 33 capable of moving toward action. It

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Jackson Hole Woman | JACKSON HOLE NEWS&GUIDE | Wednesday, October 17, 2018 • 33

Continued from 32

forward? That mere act, as counterintuitive as it might feel, can help us become more confident: We try something that takes us out of our comfort zone — we may fail at first, but we get back up and continue to try. That courage and perseverance is what helps us build those muscles — or brain patterns — for confidence.

If we shrink off the stage every time we feel vulnerable we continue to reinforce those feelings of being incapable.

Those who lack confidence tend to overthink their decisions and actions.

That tendency, and that of dwelling on negative feelings, starts to increase for girls when they hit puberty.

Thank you to the women of Ward + Blake

Constructive self-talk The first step toward helping our girls with a tendency toward rumination is to be aware of self-talk and consider alternative thoughts that might better serve them. That act helps rewire our brains and how we think. Ask your daughter to use author Byron Katie’s approach of questioning whether her beliefs are absolutely true. Then help her normalize and gain perspective on her failures. Let her come up with the solutions so she feels empowered. Don’t jump in to solve the problem for her Help children distinguish between the feelings of shame and guilt — the idea of “I am bad” versus “I did something bad.” (It is helpful to consider how you parent using those tactics as well). The first one deeply reflects on who the person is; the latter is a mistake that can be repaired and learned from.

Fortunately, confidence is something that can be learned. We gain confidence when we find success after taking a risk, overcome an obstacle or find mastery.

Often it takes courage to take that first step and an acknowledgement that failure and mistakes are a normal part of life.

As parents we need to gently nudge our children with the appropriate amount of support toward doing something that is beyond their comfort zone: speaking up in class, making their own doctor’s appointment, inviting a new friend over or offering help to someone in need.

How many times do we do for our kids what they can do for themselves because it’s easier or we feel they’re incapable or won’t do it well? Children develop confidence when we get out of their way and allow them to be who they are.

Make sure you make clear to your kids that you have faith in them. Love them without judgment, and ensure they know failures or mistakes won’t change your relationship.

Finally, we’ve all heard, “You can’t give your children what you don’t have yourself.” That sentiment from gurus such as Dan Siegel, Brene Brown and Vicki Hoefle gets me every time.

Whether you believe this or not, children learn from adults. How we behave and interact with the world teaches our children to do the same.

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Rather than talking about “highs and lows” at the dinner table ask your kids what risk they took today.

The final message is that for both girls and boys, women and men, confidence is a skill that can be built. Start with one or two small steps. Take a risk — I dare you.

Rachel Wigglesworth has a Master of Education in parent and family education and is the founder of GrowingGreatFamilies.org. Interested in the research that went into this column? Visit JHNewsAndGuide.com for source links. Email Wigglesworth at GrowingGreatFamilies@gmail.com.

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34 • Jackson Hole Woman | JACKSON HOLE NEWS&GUIDE | Wednesday, October 17, 2018

Mentoring builds connections, careers Constructive feedback, advocacy and networking help women achieve.

By Jennifer Dorsey

“At my level of the organization, success was determined more by the ability to build and manage relationships than by working harder.

Everyone assumed I could do the job. The question was whether I could convince my peers to support me.

Remember that 85 percent of my peers were male and lived outside the USA.” — Cynthia Hogan

30-PLUS YEARS IN PHARMACEUTICALS

S

ometimes a mentor is just what it takes to get to the next level.

Ask Fiorella Lazarte.

In 2014 she was working as the family literacy manager at the Teton Literacy Center and inching toward an education degree one class at time at Central Wyoming College-Jackson.

Wondering “what else was out there,” she entered Womentoring, a program that pairs female mentors in Jackson Hole with women looking to build their skills, confidence and local network.

“I wanted to find my path in this community,” Lazarte said. “I wanted to challenge myself professionally.”

Though Womentoring is not specifically a career-oriented program, Lazarte’s mentor, Shirley Cheramy, helped her kick into higher gear. Cheramy, she said, coached her on applying to schools and finding scholarships and also suggested she go through the Leadership Jackson Hole program.

Lazarte now has a degree in elementary education from Western Governors University, a new job as a third-grade dual immersion teacher at Munger Mountain Elementary School and a lifelong friend in Cheramy.

“She held a space to develop myself,” Lazarte said. “She provided guidance, support, comfort.”

Merriam-Webster defines mentor as “a trusted counselor or guide.” Jackson Hole women who have mentored and been mentored say it’s more than that. Mentors offer feedback — compliments and criticisms — provide connections to people who can help you, advocate on your behalf and just give you the sense that someone has your back.

“A trusted mentor relationship is huge

AMBER BAESLER / NEWS&GUIDE

Amy Hatch, center, and Pier Trudelle, right, mingle before the Womentum mentor reveal Sept. 13 at the Old Wilson Schoolhouse. The program pairs female mentors with women looking to build skills, confidence and local networks.

in someone’s career in life. It’s just so valuable,” said Liza Millet, who in 2017 was honored as Best Mentor in the Wyoming Business Report’s Wyoming Women of Influence awards.

Earlier in her career Millet worked on Wall Street — “not the best place for mentors,” she said, though Goldman Sachs hooked her up with one when she was a summer intern at the investment powerhouse.

Millet’s mentor helped her navigate the system and introduced her to people.

And it was helpful “seeing another successful woman in the role.”

In Jackson, where she is a portfolio manager for Income Focus Portfolio Management, Millet has mentored people through her work at Silicon Couloir, which includes being an instructor in the Start-Up Intensive, a course for entrepreneurs, and coach for Pitch Day, an annual competition for new businesses.

“One of the ways I’ve been valuable as a mentor is really caring about their success,” Millet said. “Really caring about their success sometimes gives them the boost they need.”

Just having a conversation can help someone “think strategically and practically,” she said. And as a mentor she helps people make strategic connections — “someone they can hire, someone they can talk to on a topic, someone they can talk to for knowledge.”

For example, she said, ‘I set up a phone call with one of my business school friends who’s a purchaser at Target with some people who want to sell to Target.”

For a mentoring relationship to work it’s important for both parties to be all in.

Though Millet’s experience being matched up at Goldman worked well, she said. “I’ve always felt those programs were See MENTORING on 35

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MENTORING Continued from 34

so hit and miss: You can assign a mentor, but did that other person want to be assigned? Did they have time for you?”

Cynthia Blankenship, a consultant, CWC instructor and Silicon Board member, said, “There has to be a connection between mentor and mentee. The mentor has to like and want to help the mentee. The mentee needs to like the mentor and want to learn from them.”

During a 27-year career at BP, Blankenship didn’t seek out mentors. But she was told she had leadership potential and should pursue a job in management. Mentoring relationships with her direct supervisors — male and female — developed as “a mutual thing.”

“What they saw in me that’s fairly rare is my ability to see strategically and see the really big picture and also attend to detail,” she said.

That, she said, translated to an ability to set a strategic direction for a project or team that was synchronized with the company’s overall objectives and strategy. Knowing her strengths, her supervisors “were in the room advocating for me” at important meetings.

“They also created opportunities for me,” she said. “They knew of things coming up. One of my mentors knew of a new job opening up at HQ at St. James’s Square in London. Those were very difficult jobs to get. They were designed to groom the next level of executives. One of my mentors put me forward for a job there.”

Learning how you’re seen Mentees, Blankenship said, must be open to feedback, and that includes the negative kind. Early in her career she heard some from a female team leader.

“She told me I can be intimidating,” she said. “And I found that really shocking.”

Blankenship, used to telling people what she thought, realized she was being abrupt. She started to pay more attention, to be more empathetic and learn about behavioral and social styles.

“You’re looked at differently as a manager than as a peer,” she said. While peers can be direct with one another, managers must give subordinates feedback in a way that conveys a “sincere desire to help them succeed and improve,” she said.

Cynthia Hogan, who had a 30-plusyear career in the pharmaceutical industry building and turning around businesses, benefited from the constructive criticism of her mentors and wishes she’d had them earlier on.

“By the time mentoring became popular I was well into my career and so had already made a lot of the typical mistakes,” she said.

“A typical mistake that I made early in my career was to focus on work assignments at the expense of building relationships with peers,” she said. “I would work

Jackson Hole Woman | JACKSON HOLE NEWS&GUIDE | Wednesday, October 17, 2018 • 35 through lunch instead of seeing lunch as an opportunity to meet new colleagues.”

Later in her career Hogan co-chaired the Women’s Leadership Council at Novartis. And she was invited to participate in an international mentoring program.

Her mentor, “an extremely intelligent, ambitious and entrepreneurial leader,” let her know “that I had the YOUR VOTE IS YOUR VOICE energy, focus and intelligence to turn THIS NOVEMBER 6th! around a failing ophthalmics business.”

“My most satisfying experience as your Some mentoring is tough love Jackson Town Councilman Some of his comments were harder comes from understanding your concerns.” to digest though invaluable.

“In a nutshell, at my level of the organization success was determined more by the ability to build and manage relationships than by working harder,” she said. “Everyone assumed I could do the job. The question was whether I could convince my peers to support me. Remember that 85 percent of my peers JACKSON TOWN COUNCIL were male and lived outside the USA.” P A I D F O R B Y D O N F R A N K Today Hogan is retired from the 354116 pharmaceutical business but busy chair-3.5” x 2.5” | Maximum Font Size: 30 pt ing the St. John’s Medical Center Board of Trustees and the Hole Food Rescue board. She’s been a mentor in Womentoring, which helps women in Jackson Hole connect and support one another.

Elisabeth Rohrbach, the Jackson Hole Chamber of Commerce membership director, entered the program in 2014 with a desire to connect.

“For me it was to get more involved in the community and to become part of Patty Cook this really notable group of women,” she Financial Advisor said. “It ended up having lot of profes.

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“I said ‘What the heck,’ and I used Womentum as my reason for feeling appropriate to ask her to go for coffee,” Rohrbach said.

That relationship led to an introMember SIPC duction to the Rendezvous Lands Con354161 servancy. She later became director of Rendezvous Park.

Rohrbach, 34, said her Womentoring mentor, Amy Golightly — a former News&Guide employee who is now associate director with the Teton County Search and Rescue Foundation — helped her “navigate the potential transition” then and one that came later.

“Three and half years after that I left the Rendezvous Lands Conservancy to join the chamber,” she said. “Even Special thanks to the Four Seasons and their incredible though Amy and I were 3 1/2 years staff for creating this amazingly festive event. done with the program I still called her up and we talked about my future and my opportunities,” she said.

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36 • Jackson Hole Woman | JACKSON HOLE NEWS&GUIDE | Wednesday, October 17, 2018

Pioneer women watered the roots of Jackson Hole Early settlers helped establish, name and build the isolated community.

D

irty hands were just part of living in the West, and pioneer women had no qualms raising fences, riding horses or rounding up cattle on early Jackson Hole homesteads.

Some, like Lucy Shive, even preferred it to more traditional “women’s work” of the time, enjoying the open space and wild landscapes of Wyoming and the West.

Building on the inaugural collection of “Founding Females” in the 2017 Jackson Hole Woman section, the Jackson Hole Historical Society and Museum shares the story of three more inspirational women who had a hand in building the town we know today.

In addition to Shive, this year’s collection honors two Margarets — Maggie Simpson, credited with naming the town, and conservation matriarch Mardy Murie, the well-loved and well-known wilderness advocate.

— Samantha Ford, Jackson Hole Historical Society and Museum

a chambermaid and waitress to purchase and run her own boarding house. When her interest ran out she moved from Montana to Jackson Hole in 1896.

Upon her arrival she met John “Jack” Shive, who was squatting on a ranch in the Buffalo Valley.

They were married a year later, and Jack enlarged his modest one-room cabin to fit his growing family. Carrie, now 10 years old, was summoned from Montana to live with her mother and new stepfather. Jack welcomed Carrie as if she were his own, and the affection was mutual, earning him the nickname “Daddy Shive.”

Lucy went about making the cabin into a home, hanging photos and even crafting a chair from antlers.

She often had some form of crafting to work on, including teaching Jack how to embroider. He was quick to learn, and they prided themselves on being equally adept with branding iron or needle.

But she preferred to work outdoors, repairing fences, rounding up cattle or hunting.

While Lucy had as many ranch skills as any man, she rarely wore pants. The one wardrobe concession she made to aid her work was wearing the Jackson Hole double-barrel skirt. The skirt was designed to appear as though a woman was wearing a full skirt, but it also allowed for her to ride astride. All of Lucy’s backbreaking chores, including cabin construction, were proudly completed in “well-laced corsets.”

Margaret ‘Maggie’ Simpson ...

JACKSON HOLE HISTORICAL SOCIETY AND MUSEUM PHOTOS

Lucy Nesbitt Shive with husband Jack

Lucy Nesbitt Shive ... ... pounded fence poles wearing a “well-laced corset.”

In the late 1800s native Montanan Lucy Wadams Nesbitt divorced her husband and left her 3-year-old daughter, Carrie Maybelle, with her parents to pursue a life of adventure.

Lucy found work as a ranch hand working in the hayfields. She saved enough money from odd jobs as

... ran the first post office and named the town.

Maggie Sullivan was 16 when her family settled in Colorado, where she met her future husband, John Simpson.

In 1893 John and Maggie were among the first dozen couples and families to call Jackson’s Hole their permanent home. Maggie and John’s homestead was near the post office called “Marysvale,” but the community had no official name. The next year in 1894, Maggie applied for the position of postmaster and the post office — a box and a wagon — moved to their property.

Marysvale was named after the first postmaster’s wife, and Maggie felt the area needed a name to grow a community around. She picked Jackson. In those early days the Simpson homestead, with its posh twostory log house, was the community gathering place.

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As the site of the only post office in the valley, all roads led to the Simpsons.

Soon Maggie began thinking of ways to lessen the foot traffic on her property. She and John gave 5 acres on the northwestern corner of their homestead to a newly formed community group called the Jackson Hole Gun Club. They set about constructing a clubhouse, which became the center of many community activities. The building housed the post office, meetings, dances and school.

Jackson had been put on the map, and Maggie saw an opportunity. She filed for a forgotten 40acre plot, and sold 10 acres to Grace Miller, who had plans to draw up lots for businesses. The valley’s first general store, livery stable, hotel and saloon quickly emerged on those lots.

Maggie’s children would go on to open the first drugstore, give land for the first cemetery in town and draw up the first map of the newly formed town of Jackson.

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Jackson Hole Woman | JACKSON HOLE NEWS&GUIDE | Wednesday, October 17, 2018 • 37

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Mardy Murie and her husband, Olaus.

ROOTS

Continued from 36

she married Olaus Murie and the two spent their eight-month honeymoon on a research trip studying caribou.

Olaus worked for the U.S. Bureau of Biological Survey and devoted his life to the emerging field of conservation research. The two moved to Jackson Hole in 1927 for Olaus to study the deteriorating elk population. They became friends with Buster and Frances Estes, who owned the STS Ranch in Moose.

In 1945 the Muries purchased the ranch and removed the established pathways to allow wildlife to return to the property.

During their time in Jackson the Muries had three children. Rather than being stationed at home with her babies, Mardy brought them on research

trips. She kept diligent records of her husband’s work, and they increasingly worked together to protect America’s wilderness resources.

Their long career was cut short in 1963 when Olaus died. A year later the Wilderness Act was signed by President Lyndon Johnson.

Mardy devoted herself to work as a wilderness advocate. She wrote speeches, letters and books, and appeared in movies. Her work spanned the globe, from Egypt to Australia. She received the Audubon Medal, the Sierra Club John Muir Award, the Wilderness Society Bob Marshall Award and a Presidential Medal of Freedom. Mardy was one of the first women to receive such recognition for work in conservation.

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38 • Jackson Hole Woman | JACKSON HOLE NEWS&GUIDE | Wednesday, October 17, 2018

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• The St. John’s Hospital board of directors reaffirmed the hospital’s policy of not offering elective abortions.

A poll of the medical staff found that “not one doctor wants to perform elective abortions in this community at the present time,” Hospital Administrator Reginald Hughes said.

• Ann’s Apparel — where “all the ladies” headed to find clothes for special occasions, according to the Jackson Hole News — changed hands.

Ann and Rod Dankert sold it to Robin Martin and her mother, Mary Jane Crabtree. The Dankerts had bought the store on West Second Street 20 years earlier from Mrs. and Mrs. Tom Huff. They enlarged it, transformed it from a small Western wear shop to a fashion center and added Ann’s Too, featuring clothing for juniors.

• The Jackson Hole Child Care Center opened in a converted garage behind the Simpson home on East Pearl Street.

Sandy Shuptrine was director, and Lynne Simpson was co-director. They’d experimented with caring for kids in their homes but decided the best option would be to open the center in its own building, where “household interruptions” wouldn’t interfere with child care.

• Karyn Edwards, Teton County home economist for the past 4 1/2 years, was the guest of honor at a surprise “This is Your Life in Jackson Hole” banquet in honor of her retirement. “Karyn was Wyoming’s Businesswoman of the year in 1971 and received a trip to Cleveland, Ohio, where she participated in the nationals,” master of ceremonies Skip Mahony said. “When she came back she had become a women’s libber.”

• Under the “Good Jobs” listings in the Jackson Hole News: “Need single middle aged woman to cook on guest ranch. ... Experience preferred.”

30 years ago …

• Jackson Hole native Jennifer Corbet rowed to a fifth-place finish in the four-with-coxswain race at the Olympic Games in Seoul, South Korea.

• The Actors Co-op mounted a production of “Quilters,” a 16-act play about the trials of pioneer women. “The history of women on the frontier is so neglected,” director David Turner said. “Life for these women was hard. They were so brave. I have admiration for them.”

• Jackson rancher Mary Mead was named president of the Wyoming Heritage Society, a pro-business organization.

• The candidates for mayor, Town Council and County Commission in the general election were all men. The school board race included two women: Linda Williams and incumbent Sharon Nethercott.

• Courtney Manion, 12, played in the Little League football program sponsored by the Teton County Parks and Recreation Department. It had been more than 10 years since a girl participated. “It’s been fun,” she said.

“The guys on my team have been really nice and supportive.”

• The Jackson Hole News profiled Cele Husing, camp cook for Gap Pucci’s Crystal Creek Outfitters. Her resume included stints as a cook for Paul Prudhomme, a best-selling author and nationally televised New Orleans chef, and Simone Beck, co-author of “Mastering the Art of French Cooking.” She’d read a book on hunting to bone up for her outfitting job. “I’m not really sure what hunting is about,” she said. “The aggressive part of male nature bugs me sometimes.”

15 years ago …

• Mardy Murie, considered the grandmother of the conservation movement, died at her log cabin in Moose in Grand Teton National Park. She was 101.

• Shea Olson, an administrative assistant at the Curran-Seeley Foundation, became the first woman initiated into Jackson Elks Lodge No. 1713.

Other women had applied in the past, See LOOKING BACK on 39

Jackson Hole Woman | JACKSON HOLE NEWS&GUIDE | Wednesday, October 17, 2018 • 39

WHEN WOMEN SUPPORT EACH OTHER, INCREDIBLE THINGS HAPPEN Thank you Kristin, Jordyn, Melanie, Charity & Anna for your hard work and constant support.

We ARE making incredible things happen!

MEL SHINKLE COUNTY ASSESSOR

NEWS&GUIDE FILE

Tots enjoy playtime at the Jackson Hole Child Care Center after its opening in October 1973, as director Sandy Shuptrine, staff member Carole Hustead and co-director Lynne Simpson join in the fun.

LOOKING BACK Continued from 38

but most withdrew their applications before the approval process, Exalted Leader John Graner said. He said it was possible that Jackson was the last of 17 Wyoming Elks lodges to admit women.

• The News&Guide’s Business and Professional Women special section (now Jackson Hole Woman) profiled Jackson Police Chief Peggy Parker; “pizza princess” Ruth Ann Petroff, owner of Jackson’s Domino’s and the Hard Drive Cafe; Pam Boice, the Teton Board of Realtors’ Realtor of the Year; and Jackson Hole High School senior Hailey Morton, who was applying to colleges and planning to study international relations.

• A shortage of day care slots hit the youngest hardest. “Right now there is a crisis, particularly for infant care,” said Mari Smith of the Community Children’s Project. Real estate costs played a role. “The problem is finding afford-

able space,” said Suzanne Biermann of The Learning Center.

• The contestants on “The Wild Rules,” an adventure reality show airing on ESPN, included Wilson resident Lisa Watson, 31. She was on one of two teams competing in British Columbia.

She rappelled down cliffs, fished for food on a handmade raft and narrowly escaped an enormous rockslide, all for a chance at a $100,000 prize. She wasn’t allowed to say if she won.

• Jackson Hole High School junior Haley McAuley, 17, won the Most Beautiful Hair title at the Miss Wyoming Teen Pageant in Cheyenne. In an interview with Bill Curran of the Jackson Hole News&Guide she acknowledged that pageants were sometimes ridiculed. She defended her fellow contestants. “They are not just eye candy; they are beautiful and have book smarts and common sense. I think some feminists need to do more research into the girls who participate.”

— Compiled by Jennifer Dorsey

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40 • Jackson Hole Woman | JACKSON HOLE NEWS&GUIDE | Wednesday, October 17, 2018

STRONG WOMEN. STRONG SALES. STRONG BRAND.

1st Row (L to R): Barbara Allen, Jerilyn Arriola, Anne Bell, Kathryn Brackenridge, Deanna Briggs, Betsy Campbell, Courtney Campbell, Elizabeth Cheney 2nd Row: Kathy Cisco, Abby Clark, Donna Clinton, Valerie Conger, Patty Crawford, Jenn Dawes, Melinda Day, Ashely Diprisco 3rd Row: Biz Doyle, Jocelyn Emery, Madeine Emirick, Emily Figenshau 4th Row: Emily Flanagan, Becky Frisbie, Linda Hanlon, Marybeth Hansen 5th Row: Audra Hawkins, Carolynn Hawtin, Patricia Hartnett, Kendra Havlik, Padgett Hoke, Olivia Hornig, Laurie Huff, Mercedes Huff 6th Row: Debra Hunter, Anne Jones, Sarah Kerr, Jennifer Kronberger, Joanne LaBelle, Meredith Landino, Cathy Loewer, Elizabeth Merrell 7th Row: Melissa Morton, Jackie Montgomery, Cathy O’Shea, Roxanne Pierson, Judy Raymond, Pamela Renner, Katie Robertson, Jill Sassi-Neison 8th Row: Stephanie Spackman, Jean Staehr, Ciara Thomas, Mariah Underhill, Kim Vletas, Natalie Volcko, Kelli Ward, Mindy White 9th Row: Chris Wilbrect, Audrey Williams, Caroline LaRosa, Savannah Lucas, Sophie Moore, Mimi Saenger

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