April 17, 1992: Passover Edition by Jewish Press

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14 NIaan, S7S2-Frtday, April 17,1992

Passover

1992

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The changing family Pam Monsky is off to the office, her husband, Henry, finishes his breakfast, and daughter, Rachael looks forward to seeing her fHends atdayoare in the Jewish Community Center - a family changing with the times.

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CJF population survey highlights successes, problems in American Jewish life The American Jewish population is highly educated, those from the Soviet Union, have settled mostly on the in their planning for present and future communal needs. ovenvhehningly American-born, politically liberal, con- East and West coasts; These critical issues span the entire range of Jewish life sists in great part of the baby boom generation, is ex* American Jews are a mobile population: nearly half and Well-being in America and include needs of families, tremely mobile, lives increasingly in the South and changed their residence in the last six years; singles, children and the elderly; Jewish educational, reWest, has strong attachment to Israel and to a substan* Of the 8.2 miUion people in a household where a Jew ligious and cultural matters; refugee resettlement and tial extent is secular rather than religious. is present, 6.1 million are in the work force, with 70 per- philanthropic activity. In addition, intermarriage has been increasing stead- cent in the private sector, nine percent in the non-profit A series of monographs by members of the Advisory ily and is a major factor in the American-Jewish ex- sphere, 15 percent in government, with six percent listed Committee and others will be published over several frience with significant implications for current in- as "other"; 16 percent are self-employed; years dealing with key aspects of the finding^. * Over the years, the number of Jews in family busivolvement and the next generation. These are among the findings revealed in the High- nesses has declined dramatically, to only three percent, The Council of Jewish Federations is the continental lights of the Nation Jewish Population Survey, which an indication of the increasingly professional status of organization of almost 200 Jewish Federations, the cenhas just been released by the Council of Jewish Federa- the conimunity; tral community organizations which serve nearly 800 lotions. * There are four times as many Jews who practice the calities in the United States and Canada. It is the mosl conjprehensive study ever undertaken reUgion as there are secular Jews: 4.4 million to 1.1 milEstablished in 1932, CJF helps strengthen the work of the Jewish population of the United States. The sur- lion; and the impact ofJewish Federations by developing pro* Nevertheless, chore respondents chose cultural or grams to meet changing needs, providing an exchange vey highlights, in their final printed form, will be available to the public this summer at a cost of $10 per copy. ethnic group than chose religious group to describe what of successful community experiences, establishing guideThe survey was conducted by CJF, the continental or- it means to be Jewish in America; lines for fund-raising and operations and engaging in ganization of almost 200 Jewish Federations. The cost * There has been recent growth in numl)er8 of children joint planning and action on common purposes dealing was shared between the CJF Endowment Fund and CJF receiving a Jewish education, particularly aniong youn- with local, regional and international needs. member Federations throughout the United States. ger children; * The vast majority in the Core Jewish population A number of Federations have also conducted their own local surveys, apart from the national CJF study. have a denominational preference for the Conservative As revealed last fall, the survey found that there are and Reform synagogue ntovements; just over 5.5 million Core Jews—those who reported * There is a surprising level of residual Jewish bethemselves Jews by Religion |Bom Jews or Jews by havior even in households beyond the Core population, Choice), or as Secular Jews (those bom Jewish who re- f6r example, attending a Passover seder, fasting on Yom port having no current religion); this represents a slight Kippur, lighting Chanukah candles or never having a increase in the Jewish population since the 1970 CJF Christmas tree; * The emotional attachment to Israel is highest national study which put the population level at 6.4 milhon. among Jews who practice the religion (83 percent) but The stability of the,Core population over a 20-year Spans .the entire range of the population of Jewish deperiod goes against some predictions made after the scent; previous study of a rapidly declining Jewish population. * Jews across the spectrum, averaging 79 percent of The total population in the survey, however, numbers all segments of the Jewish population, perceive anti8.2 million living in 3.2 million households iirwhich there Semitism to be a serious problem in the United States is at least'one member who is Jewish or had a Jewish today; nevertheless, only five percent have personally parent. experienced discrimination in a job situation; The survey obtained an enormous amount of informa* 45 percent of the Jewish population defines itself as tion which will take years to analyze fully. Among the liberal or very liberal, 20 percent conservative or very significant findings are: conservative, with 30 percent calling themselves mid* More that 90 percent of American Jews were bom dle of the road. In addition, American Jews vote: over in this country; • 80 percent of adults are registered voters, while 35 per* One-third of th6 entire Jewish population ^aa born crat contributed to a political campaign in tbe past three between 1946 and 1964, the baby boom years; years; * The stereotype of the nuclear family, with two Jew* 80 percent of Jewish households give to charities, ish parents and children, is present in only 17 percent including Jewish and non-Jewish causes; 50 percent of of the 2.7 miUion households containing a Core Jew; the the adults serve as volunteers. Jewish fertility rate is lower than that of the U.S. white The survey was based on 2,441 completed interviews population as a whole; in 49 states drawn from an initial sample of 126,000 ran* There is a high proportion of elderly among the Core domly selected Americans. The procedure allowed for Jews (15 percent), which is one-third higher than in the an equal probability of Jews to be selected from every general U.S. population; state, whether in small towns or in major metropolitan * Since 1985, less than half of Jewish marriages in- areas so that a national picture could emerge. volve two partners who were born Jewish, with some During the course of the survey it was learned that five percent of these unions involving one partner who beyond the 8.2 million people, a considerable nimiber of a convert to Judaism; the Survey finds increiasing ac- Americans who are not Jewish consider themselves ptance of interpiarriage, even among those who prac- Jews because of an affinity for Jewish values or, as in tice the religion; the case of some Christian fundamentalists and others, * Nevertheless. Jews by Choice (converts) number a biblical sense of being Jewish. Those without identifi185,000, not substantially less than converts from Juda- able Jewish background were later dropped from the ism (210,000); sample. * There is a remarkably high level of education, with Dr. Barry A. Kosmin, CJF director of research and over 50 percent of Jewish men being college graduates, director of the Mandell h. Herman Institute-North compared to 24 percent of the population as a. whole. American Jewish Data Bank of the City University of 8 far as women are concerned, 45 percent of Jewish New York Graduate Center, directed the Survey along 'omen an college graduates, compared with 17 percent with CJF research consultant Jeffrey Scbeckner. Henry Mo&sky. works for Aaron Ferer and Son. He in the general population; The entire survey was oversMU by the CJF National is the grandsoo of the Ute Henry Monaky for whom * The regicmal distribution of the Core Jewish popu- Technical Advisory Committee on Jewish PopulaUoo the hical B'nai B'rith chaptsr is luuned. Pam Moosky shows that 44 percent live in the Northeast, 23 Studies heeded by Dr. Sidoor Goldstein, professor of is a fuU-thDe saleeparson for Prine Supply. Thefr t in the West, 22 percent in the South ud 11 per socioloc^ tt Brown University, and Joseph Waksberg daughter, Rediel, is two. The couple bought thefr cent in the Midwest; the South and West have doubled of Waulngton, D.C, former associate director of the home in Dundee sevei^ years ago and have remotheir Jewish population since World War II. while the U.S. Bureau of the Census. deled it. They hre membm of Temple Iwael. Midwest h«s lost one^iuarter of Core Jews bom there; The survey date will be used by CJF, Fedwations and Phutu by Jo* C'arrvU * Recent Jewish inunigrsnta, however, primarily other Jewish organizations acrou the country to M*i*t

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We thank you for your generous gift to ttie 1992 UJA/federation Campaign. Your continued support makes aii of tt)ese programs and services possible, and secures tt)e future of our Omalia Jewisti community and Israel. Gary Javitch

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By Debra Nussbaum Cohen NEW YORK (JTA)Little did the grand dragon of Nebraska's Ku Kluz Klan know when hecalled to harass a local can-' tor that he was starting a process that would lead him to shed his hood and take up the study of Judaism. Larry Trapp had been a racist for most of his 42 years when he first called and threatened Michael Weiss^r, cantor and spiritual leader of the Lincoln, Neb., Reform temple, last June. Congregation B'nai Jeshurun's Weisser, active in a community anti-racism group, had lived in Lincoln for three years. He had just moved into a new house and was having breakfast one Sunday morning when the phone rang, The caller said, "You'll be sorry you ever moved into (dieted) Street, Jew boy," and hung up. Weisser called the police, had a tap installed on his phone and gave his three teen-agers keys to the house. They had never felt the need to lock the doors before. A package A few days later, Weis! ser found fi a package in his •Kail1—inside were racist phlets and tracts bom the Ku Klux Klan, the Aryan Nation and the American Nazi party. It was then that Weisser thought of Larry Trapp. Familiar sight Trapp, currently Lincoln's best-known racist, was a familiar sight in the •bgeiIS of the local newsparer for, among other things, sending racist literature to nearby Asian and Hispanic communities. Trapp, who is blind and conn confined to a wheelchair as result of diabetes, was placing Tom Metzger's infamous White Ar yan Resistance show "Race and Reason" on pubUc access cable TV. Wliile discussing the sit«tion with his wife, 'eisser decided that he (0 coofronl the man

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who was frightening his family. Julie, his wife, suggested that he say something nice to Trapp and throw him off guard. Weisser obtained Trapp's phone number, which was answered by a recording on which Trapp ranted against blacks and Jews. The first time Weisser left a message at the beep, he said "Larry, you're going to be sorry for all this hatred, you're going to have to answer to God someday. Larry, you'd better think about what you're doing," and hung up. A week later, Weisser called again and said, "Larry, you would have been among the first to be executed by the Nazis, because their first laws were against people with physical handicaps. You'd better think about how much you love those Nazis," and hung up. Bronx cheer Another of the many times Weisser called, beginning in July, he said, "Justice is for everybody, Larry." One day when Weisser called' he found that Trapp had left a SO-second Bronx cheer on the answering machine. Weisser left the message, "It sounds like the voice of the Master Race to me." Finally, in October, Trapp picked up the phone when Weisser called and asked, angrily, "Why are you calling me? If you're trying to harass me, I'll have you arrested." Weisser answered, "I'm not trying to harass you. You don't get around very easily and I thought you might need a lift to the grocery store." Instantly, Weisser recalls, all of the belligerence left Trapp's voice. He turned down the offer but said, "Thanks, anyway," and asked Weisser not to call him anymore, saying "This is a business phone." He didn't call Trapp again for a week or two, and then saw an article in tKe local newspaper. In it, Trapp said that he had informed the cable station

Cantor Michael Weisser that he was pulling "Race Weisser hung up, asand Reason" off the air, tounded. and that he was rethinking the next night, Trapp called Weisser at home some of his positions. and said, "1 really want to Offers help "That evening, I called get out of what I'm doing him and asked if the piece and I don't know how," in the paper was true," Weisser recalls. Weisser recalls, and told Went to visit Trapp, "If you need some help with this change Weisser and his wife im-. that's going on, I'd be glad mediately went to Trapp's to talk to you about it." home. Trapp responded that he Julie wanted to bring was handling it himself, Weisser says. Trapp also him a small gift to make said that although he was him feel more at ease, and awaiting sentencing on brought along a ring of harassment charges, that twisted silver that she'd was not why he was recon- gotten her husband a few sidering some of his views. years before: The Weissers arrived at The day of sentencing arrived, and the next day Trapp's house and when Weisser saw on the front "we'came in, without a page of the newspaper word being spoken, 1 that Larry Trapp had been shook hands with him, and insulting people on the he started crying," says way out of the courthouse, Weisser. "He took these two Nazi calling a black newswoman ''half-breed" and swastika rings off his hand ranting about the "Jews and said, 'I want you to take these away from me media." Weisser felt deceived. because they're just symHe called Trapp and bols of hate.' And Julie yelled, "You're either the gave him the ring we biggest liar in the world or brought." "It was like a made-foryou'd better have a good excuse for what happened televiaion movie,". Weisser says. at the courthouse." Weisser and his wife According to Weisser, Trapp responded, " 'I've talked with Trapp for been saying those things three or four hours thatfor 40 years, but I'm sorry night. By the time they that I said what I said left, Trapp had given them yesterday,'" and prom- cartons of racist literaturel ised to apologize to those his Nazi flags and his Klan robes. he'd insulted.

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Julie Weisser, the cantor's wife, escorts Lorry Trapp into tiie AOL office to meet director L Robert Wolfson. Since then, Trapp has These days, Trapp, who also given up his two guns, is too ill to be interviewed, says Weisser: a semi- spends time listening to an automatic Mac-10 ma- introduction to Judaism chine gun loaded with 36 on tape, and has said pubrounds of ammunition, licly that he wants to conand a sawed-off 12-gauge vert. Remington shotgun. What spurred Weisser Apologized to reach out with compasOver the last few sion to a man so full of hamonths, Trapp has written tred? letters of apology to peo"I wais acting on my ple he had offended and Jewish faith," says Weispublicly apologized to the ser. "The core teaching black, Hispanic and Asian of Judaism is that love, communities. tolerance and seeking jusHe has spoken to a local 'tice and righteousness are Jewish singles' group and the whole ball of wax. addressed a recent meet- They're what makes Judaing of the local chapter of ism Judaism." the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People. And at a memorial servNote: Cantor ice on the anniversary of Weisser now is Or. Martin Luther King, Jr.'s birthday,. Trapp lobbying for a spoke to an overflow Hate Crime biU crowd of some 300 people in Nebraska. at Weioser's temple. His mejssage, says Weisser, was the need (o heed King's lesaons.

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ews moving up America's social ladder By Debra Nussbaum Cohen • NEW YORK (JTAI-The status of Jews in American society has imprpved slightly since the mid-1960s, according to a new study, but is not as high as warranted by objective measures like income and education levels. And while negative attitudes about Jews have declined, stereotypes continue to be widely held, according to the American Jewish Committee study of several surveys taken from 1958 through 1990. The study found that Americans rank Jews halfway up the ethnic ladder of social standing, occupying a rung below most Western Europeans and above most East Europeans, Asians, Africans, Middle Easterners and South Americans. Jews are also at the mid-point of social standing when compared to other religious groups, ranking lower than Catholics and mainline Protestants like Methodists, Baptists and Presbyterians, and higher than Christian fundamentalists and members of the Eastern Orthodox church. If the ranking was based only on objective factors, like socio-economic achievement, Jews would rank higher in social standing, according to Tom Smith, author of the study. The discrepancy indicates that being a Jew "holds people back" in American society, Smith said.

Based on 1990 General Social Survey He is director of the General Social Survey, an annual nationwide poll of adults conducted by the National Opinion Research Center at the University of Chicago. Much of the information is based on the 1990 General Social Survey.

Those polled gfve Jews the highest scores when asked having blacks, Hispanics and Asians as neighbors. And 18 percent of those polled who were raised in the to rate their intelligence, wealth, work ethic and selfsupport compared to whites in general, blacks, Asians, South would object to Uving in a neighborhood where half the residents were Northerners^ Hispanics and Southern whites. Acceptance of non-Jews' marriage to Jews has inBut they also say that American Jews are not as patricreased over time, according to the study. In 1968, 59 otic as whites in general or as Southern whites. That finding is presumably related to a perceived^on- percent of those polled approved of marriage to a Jew. flict of loyalty between the United States and Israel, By 1983, that had increased to 77 percent. And Jews have shown considerable improvement over Smith said. "The news, at first glance, is all good," Smith said, the last 30 years in another area, "Willingness to vote for a Jew for president increased "But the same people who say these things about Jews are most likely to say that Jews have too much from 61 percent in 1958 to 89 percent in 1987," a figure influence. These are the traditional, over-successful that has not noticeably changed since 1969, "However, some evidence remains.that a Jewish canstereotypes of Jews. "People are more likely to say Jews have too much didate's religion might noticeably reduce his/her vote," according to the study, power than too little," he said. Anti-Semitism has been on the decline in recent deJust over half of those polled in 1990 say that' the amount of bfluence Jews have in American life and pol- cades, Sniith said, but "there are continued barriers to interaction" in society, and "there are potential danger itics is "about right," In fact, the percentage of those polled annually from ponts at which latent anti-Semitism could become more 1984 through 1989, who believe Jews have too much serious, power in the United States, has remained static at eight Black community merits attention percent, with only a dip of one percentage point in 1987. For example, "if Israel and the United States were seen as seriously at odds," he said, "there is some exPoll ranks power of various groups isting sentiment that cpuld be tapped in a negative In contrast, 47 percent of those polled in 1989 thought fashion," that business corporations have too much power, 45 perOne area that merits further attention, he said, is the cent say the same about the news media, 23 percent black community. about Arab interests, 23 percent about Orientals and "Blacks are more likely than non-blacks to hold tradi14 percent about blacks. tional economic prejudices about Jews, like thinking of Fourteen percent of those polled in 1990 would object them as 'crafty businessmen,' " Smith said, "and blacks to living in a neighborhood where half the residents were have tended to be consistently less supportive of Israel Jewish, But those polled object much more strongly to than non-blacks."

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April 17, 1992

Suits me -- suits Bess Aronoff

By Jo Carroll For one woman in Omaha, age is not a factor.. Neither is experience or education. Five years ago, at age 70, Bess Aronoff decided to go to work. Today, she can be found opening the doors of a dress shop, "Suits Me" three mornings a week. "I've had to give up lunch with the girls," Mrs. Aronoff said, "but my friends think it's great." , She was involved in BBYO activities while her daughter was'growing up and had served as a member of the regional board of BBYO. She was a working mother, but not outside .the home. Mrs. Aronoff went througha divorce late in life. She found herself in a big house alone and lonely, so she moved into a condominium and began to look at the brighter side of life. She advises people who find themselves alone for any reason to talk to their rabbi. "Who better than your rabbi? Rabbi Airiel helped me. He gave me the feeUng that everything would be okay." Mrs. Aronoff's faith is very meaningful to her. "Being Jewish is important to me. 1 believe in traditions. Whenever! can, 1 attend services on Friday night. I won't cook or

clean on Sabbath, but 1 will play cards or write."

Mrs. Aronoff was the only member of her family born in America. Her parents were Russian immigrants who already had three children when they arrived in the United States. "My family was orthodox," Mrs. Aronoff said. She recalled some advice her mother gave her: "Laugh and the world laughs with you. Cry and you cry alone." Remembering these words as she was going through her divorce, her advice to anyone finding themselves in a similar situation is: "Don't feel sorry for yourself." A year and a half ago, Mrs. Aronoff decided she wanted to cut down on her working hours. "But 1 increased them instead! The work is an in; centive to get up and get dressed in the morning— and .1 love being around people." She explained that if she had finished college, she would have majored in business. "1 wish I was younger, I'd love to go to computer school. Computers just fascinate me." Mrs. Aronoff advises: "Going to work is an individual decision " She said it isn't for everybody but it works for her. 'Econom-

ically, I don't have to depend on anyone." When she first found herself alone, Mrs. Aronoff went out to eat frequently. "1 like to cook and eating out got old," she said. Now, her refrigerator is full of homemade chicken soup, bean soup and chili. "I try to eat while the news is on to keep from being lonely." Other times she adtnits to knoshing when there's nothing pise to do. There are times when she still misses a compan-

ion. "When I've been someplace like a wedding and come home there's nobody to say. Gee, we had a nice time." Holidays are spent with friends. "1 invite my friends over, very good friends. We take turns having each other over for holidays." The best recommendation Mrs. Aronoff has for anyone is: "Life is short. Make the best of it." She also recommends: "Don't feel sorry for yourself.

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New York's Jewish population in decline By Stewart Ain The New York Jewish Week

One of five

The number of Jews in New York City, Long Island and Westcheater declined by nearly a quarter of a niillion in the 1980s to 1,4 million, according to a 1991 UJAFederation population study. Nassau County lost a stunning one-third of its Jew••uh population, Queens lost 25.7 percent and West^^Kester lost 23.1 percent. Manhattan, on the other hand, ^^ntnessed a 15-percent growth and Staten Island an 8.9P^brcent increase. They were the only two of the eight ^ counties to experience growth since the last comprehertsive survey i^'lSSl. Overall, the area lost 222,300 Jews-a drop of 13.5 percent at a tune when the general population increased 2.5 percent. BethamJe Horowitz, the director of the study, called it the most comprehensive profile of the Jewish community in the eight-county area. It is designed, she said, to update the 1981 study commissioned by the Federation of Jewish Philanthropies of New York, the pred^essor of UJA-Federation of Greater New York,

Random digit dialing deemed more accurate

Horowitz emphasized that different methods were used in developing the two sets of statistics and that the current method, random digit dialing, is deemed more accurate. A total of 35,000 area residences were called from Nov. 15, 1990 through May 8,1991, for a representative sample of 4,006 Jewish househbl((s. One person from each household was interviewed for an [verage of 30 minutes by the ICR Survey Research roup of Media, Pa. . Random digit dialing was used on a limited basis in the 1981 survey, which also selected interviewees by g the phone book for Jew ish-sotmding names and ing questionnaires. As a result, Horowitz said closer attention should be paid to trends and less to actual percentage differences. And the pattern that emerge^ shows that although a significant portion of the Jewish community shifted from the city to the suburbs by 1981 —18 percept lived in the suburbs in 1958 compared with 33 percent in 1981-fewer Jews (28 percent) now live there. The major reason for the decline is that more and more Jews >ire leaving the area for the warmer Southern climate or for areas in the (ri-state area where housing is more plentiful and less expensive, according to Jeffrey Solomon, chief operating officer of program services. Horowitz said this trend is significant because it gties against what many sociologists have believed about nugration habits. "Sociologists had said that when the Jews arrived in iwiiis country, they stayed in the city and then gradually •bo ved to Washington Heights and up to Yonkers and< Westcheater," he pointed out. "As this geographic dis persal occurred, it was MieVed that there would be more assimilation-Jews would blend into their surroundings and have white picket fences—because the urban center was seen as the Jewish center. But this finding shows t we are moving back. The findings about Manhatare dramatic."

in the 19608, has seen its numbers steadily erod^ over the years..In the last decade, the Jewish population declined 12.6 percent.

Although Jews comprise ohly 13 percent of the eightcounty population, down from 16 percent a decade ago, 21 percent, or one of every five people in Manhattan, The changes in Westcheater "remain more of a mysis Jewish. The latter represents a two-percent hike from tery," said Horowitz, suggesting that the 23-percent de1981. cline in Jews may be attributed bo children moving away The overall population in Manhattan rose by 60,000 or an increasing proportion of hiixed households containin the last decade to 1,487,500; Jews comprised two- ing both Jews and non-Jews. This analysis is suggested thirds of that increase'. ' , by the fact that there vyas only a 12percent drop in the Stephen Solender, executive vice president of number of Jewish households. UJA-Federation, said knowing the dramatic increase of the Jewish population in Manhattan will give UJA-FedHorowitz said,flatly that the latter is the case in eration an "opportunity to reach out to them, serve Suffolk County because although the percentage of Jewthem and get them involved in a leadership capacity." ish households increased by 7.8 percent in the last deThere are proportionally fewer, elderly in cade, the actual number of Jews in the county declined Manhattan—40 percent are between the ages of 20 and by 5.5 percent. 39, and 65 percent are between 20 and 59. Nevertheless! "Like Staten Island, Suffolk County is more recently Horowitz said the 63,100 Jews in Manhattan older than settle4 by Jews and is characterized by a younger popiu60 is still a sizable number. Solomon said he suspects that many of them are lation, a cohort that has been more likely to. intermarry "empty nesters" who relocated to Manhattan from the than its generational predecessor," she said. The two surveys grouped the information tbey gathsuburbs after their chilchen had grown and moved out. ered differently, making comparison difficult. But the Although she won't have the data until the spring, Horowitz said she believes the idea that New York City figures do indicate that the majority of Staten island represents the core of the Jewish conununity "will be. Jews continue to be in the younger segment of the population. In 1981, 62 percent of the Jewish population borne out. "It seems that as we move back, our Jewishness there was younger than 35; in 1991 it was 61 percent. strengthens,'' she said.' 'The city seems to be the tie that Brooklyn was next with 59 percent of its population under 39, trailed by Suffolk with 57 percent. binds. Maybe city life is conducive to Jewish life." The survey found that one of every four New York Brooklyn continues to be the borough with the greatest number of Jews with 371,000, a 9.3-percent de- Jews is foreign bom, compared with one of every 10 cline since 1981. It is also the borough with the largest Jews nationally. In addition, 78 percent of the responnumber of households with children |46,918|, with one- dents said none of their grandparents was born in the , United States. Not surprisingly, the greatest percentthird having three or more youngsters. age of Jews whose grandparents were immigrants Uved Manhattan has the next largest number of households in the. boroughs with the largest elderly population, the with children. 28,540. though more than one-third of the adults there have never been married and less than half Bronx, Brooklyn and Queens. Only six percent of the are now married-. Nearly two-thirds of those households respondents said all four grandparents were born in the have only ope child. Queens and Nassau each have U.S. slightly more than 25,000 households with children, College education soars among Jews mostly one or two per family. The level of educational attainment among Jews has soared. In 1981, 24 percent of Jewish men had earned a graduate degree. "Queens and Nassau are graying suburbs' in that the Ten years later that figure jumped to 35 percent, in children that were born and raised there have moved Westcheater, fully half of the Jewish men hold graduaway, and their parents, now retirees, are moving out, ate degrees. Sunilarly, 28 percent of Jewish women in too," said Horowitz. "This was the trend in Nassau al- 1991 had earned a graduate degree compared with only ready in 1981. but is a new development in Queens." 18 percent a decade ago. She pointed out that there has been a 2.6percent deSokunon said the study show[s that the New York JewcUae in the overall population in Nassau County,' and ish community is "very different'' from the Jewish poputhat this study simply shows that Jews are leaving at lation in the rest of the nation. It found that 1,419,000 a faster rate than the general population. But 203,000 people in the eight-county area identify themselves as Jews are still living there. Jews either through religion or ethnicity. These core "Let's not forget that they are still a significant num- Jews represent 87 percent of those who have a conbecber, the fifth largest Jewish conununity in the countr),' tion to Judaism in the area. An additional 200,000 peoHorowitz said. "Nassau County has more Jews than ple said they are not Jewish by rehgion but have some Miami." '• Jewish heritage. Nationally. onU fi" ikTtent of lews fall Solomon said other surveys found that "for a brief into the "core" category. tiine younger (Jewish) people were moving to Queens, "We're more Jewish than the < c^v ui mc imuwn sam but they did not have staying pow^r." Sokunon. "The the issue of assimilation appears on the. "I'm sure Forest Hills still has a strong Jewish base, whole to be less serious than in the rest of the country. but ttie data (to prove that) is not in yet.'Horowitz But Suffolk looks Uke the rest of the nation when it added. comes to assimilation with its large number of young The Bronx, which had a very large Jewish population ptople who are more prone to intermarry."

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will luii iiumlert: wiiti his family. He typically runt, from 6 to 6:46 a.ro Dr. Sheldon joined a select group of athletes when he entered and completed the Jill Ciarlock Triatha Ion, after training for about three months it was a difficult 17mile bike ride, alhree^andone-haU-mile run andsiitenths of a mile swim 1 didn't finish first, but I didn't curoe in last eithi'! he said. His own auctu^.. -.-•.., has also motivated his familv to work on achieving . Iiysical fiineas through exercise, and'dating seit sibly,. •

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that time, Dr. Shel(lqn gain the weight and admit didn't jump into an exer- defeat," he said. During the last three cise program to lose weight. The weight loss he and one-half years. Dr. achieved over the cours^ of Sheldon has become dedia year was just a by-prod- cated to the natural high uct of increased fitness his exercise regime has and watching his overall provided. He runs, bikes or uses the stair stepper fat intake, he stated. "Dieting alone never six and on^half miles daily worked for me. 1 have lost and he lifts weights three almost as many pounds as times per week and has the this before and aJways put help of a personal trainer, the weight right back on which computes to about when dieting ceased." Dr 10 workout hours per Sheldon said week, he said. What has motivated hiin "Exercising keeps my to maintain his weight loss ep.durphines high, and is over the years? "Fear.' he one of ray outlets from the replied. "Every day, al- stress of my work H though I rarely weigh my Dr. Sheldon. self. I wonder if today is He explained thai hv the day I will start to re- triea to exercise when it

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*Yeshiva Girl" launches environmental seal of approval

^V By Garth Woikoff ^V Northern California Jewish Bulletin f SAN FRANCISCO (JTAI-She's not a renegade environmentoliat and she doean't live in the wooda. Hena Shulaky is; rather, a Manhattan real eatatemanager and Orthodox Jew who haa transformed her apirituai concema about the Earth into a nationwide environmental project. Aa a reault of her activiam, this q)ring aeverai branda of toilet paper will display the Green Seal, indicating it is a product that poaes as little bawd to the environment aa possible. , . The Green Seal, which will appear on a variety of products from light bulbs to motor oil, is the inspiration of this self-described "yeshiva girl" who regards environmentaiism aa the natural extension of her lifelong practice of kaahrut and as harmonious with the Jewish concept of tikkun olam-repairing or healing the world. "The highest precept of Judaism is saving a life," notes Shulsky. "That speaks directly to environmentalism If we don't save the environment, we will all die."

Research plans According to Green Seal's local office in Palo Alto, Calif.,,the company has plans to research and label shower heads and other water fixtures, printing and writing paper, compact fluoreacent light bulbb, household cleanera, coffee filters and house paint. Ultimately, Green Seal wanta to set standards for every product that has an impact on the environment. Enviroipentalism has turned Shiilsky, who is in her early SOa, into something of a maverick as an Orthodox woman.

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"I went to a Shabbpton at a aynagogue in New York, and they were aerving (on) styrofoam plates, styrofoam cups, and I just went wild," she recalla. Styrofoam, which is not biodegradable, is believed to release gaaes into the atmosphere that danoage the ozone layer.

gent)?" she wondered. "If only there was a rabbinic board of environmentalists." Shulsky b^an putting together just such a board by persuading Denis Hayes, a founder of Earth Day, a global environmental awareness celebration, to get in"I niUy raised it as an iaaiie. It's an incredible cfail-' volved. Hayes is now chief executive officer and presilul ha-Shem, an obacenity againat God," she said. "To dent of Green Seal. deatroy the planet, which God created, and destroy the Top buslneas help ozone, which can lead to skin cancer, is totally against Jewish law." Shulsky alao got some of the top business, environShe continues: "The reaction of aome Orthodox peo- mental and social action groups for her board, indudple is, 'Why do you spend your energy on the environ- ing the Rainforest Action Network, the Natural ment when you should be working for Israel?' " But Reaources Defense Council, ths Sierra Club, the United States Public Interest Research Group, the Southern she's hearing that a lot less. Christian Leadership Conference and the Commission for Radal Justice of the United Church of Christ. A supportive rabbi Green Seal, while it has nothing to do with kashrut, "The rabbi at the Fifth Avenue Synagogue, Rabbi Sol does seem to appeal to the observant. A case in point Roth, has been enormously supportive, always asking is Shulsky's-Boston friend, Rabbi Levi Yizhak Horowitz. me how it's going, telling my father how proud he should "1 would never have thought about asking him bebe," says Shulsky. cause he is a Haaidic rabbi," recalls Shulsky. "I would "When I started, my father would have preferred me have desperatdy loved for him to be on the board of adto spend my time on something more overtly Jewish, visers, but I didn't know he would be on the board of like the United Jewish Appeal," she says. "But now he something not Jewish." .^derstands that saving the planet ia to save all of the But one day, while Shulsky was talking to Horowitz, 'S^wish lives on the planet, to save Israel, which is on he turned to her and asked: "Mfiybe you need a Hasidic tfW planet, to saye all of the Orthodox-that all of us rabbi on your board?" live on this planet." The answer, of course, was yes. Shulsky got the idea for the Green Seal three years r ago while shopping for detergent. She wanted a product to dean her dothea without damaging the environ"Saving the planet... ment, but could not do the exhaustive research that Is saving Jewish lives would help her make the best choice. "Why isn't there an approval seal on (boxes of deter0««iniMt ••skaU...

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The epidemic rate of intermarriage among American Jews, 57 percent—according to the latest analysis by sociologist Egon Mayer—have new concerns about the impact of intermarried families and converts to Judaism on the Jewish community and their role in synagogue life. To help congregations cope with this issue, the Reform movement has published three new manuals analyzing the challenge posed by the growing numbers of Jews-by-choice and intermarried couples, both from communal and a religious perspective. The manuals, prepared by the Commission of Reform Jewish Outreach, are titled, "Outreach and the Changing Reform Jewish Community," "Defining the Role of the Non-Jew in the Synagogue" and "Reaching Adolescents: Interdating, Intermarriage and Jewish Identity." Each is more than 130 pages. The Commission on Reform Jewish Outreach is jointly sponsored by the Union of American Hebrew Congregations (UAHC) and the Central Conference of American Rabbis.

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The manual on "Defining the Role of the Non-Jew in the Synagogue" seeks to clarify the appropriate role of non-Jewish spouses who choose not (o convert to Judaism but become involved in synagogue life. In a preface, Rabbi Alexander M. Schindler, president of the Union of American Hebrew Congregations, notes that Reform Judaism's outreach program is based on the assumption that intermarriage will remain a reality in American Jewish life and that it will probably increase. "In consequence," he writes, "the better part of wisdom is not to reject the intermarried, but rather to love them all the more, to do everything we humanly can to draw them close to us and to involve them in Jewish life." He continues: "The role of the non-Jew in the synagogue, however, requires clarification; its bounds must be defined. (These manuals are) designed to help the lay and professional leaders of our congregations deal sensitively with the issue of non-Jews \A our synagogues while preservijng the integrity of Judaism. "Hopefully," he writes, "they will advance the goal of all pur outreach striving: to bring non-Jews bound to us by marriage to Judaism, or to make certain that the chilclren issuing from these marriages will, in fact, be reared as Jews and share the destiny of this people Israel."

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In an essay in "Outreach and the Changing Reform Jewish Community." Rabbi Bamett H. Brickner of Mt. Laurel, N.J., note^ a mounting concern: that ties of peoplehood stemming from the deep sense of history traditionally shared by bom Jews are being jeopardized by the increasing rate of intermarriage and the expanding number of JeWs-by-choice being inducted into the Jewish community each year. "It is feared that these individuals become member^ of an historic people without a full appreciation of the uniqueness of Jewish history and peoplehood," he. writes. "Even as they threat«n our sense of security, the Jews-byrchoice and the intermarried couple challenge is to redefine, or perhaps define for the first time, what it means to be Iwund to tiie Jewish people and to God." He adds; "The full impact of conversion and intermarriage on the future of Jewish people will be felt when we acknowledge that Jews-by.-choioe and the Jewish children of intermarried coupbs, like ourselves, are intrinsically bound to the present and future of the Jewish people, the challenge set before ua is to imbue our chan|^ Jewish community with a spirit of mutual growth and hope."

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Jewish identity "Reaching Adoteticentii," a program guide for relii;iou8 and lay lead< rk with young people, pro^ vides resource mu i>togramauag ideas suitable for groups ranging from pre-teens through inllPK(,>^ai:r on such issues as interdating, interpuurriage i" identity. »g with young people." the guide says, "we huvu \ciunvti thai one canaol talk about interdating and iiii

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Jewish Community Center expands services for children

l''roin left, Jeff Malashock, Lauren Josephson and Alex Epstein.

By Sudan Paley, j staff writer The Jewish Community Center has expanded its services for children to meet the needs of modernday Jewish parents. "As the economy worsens, the need for full-time child care is increasing. Parents feel the pressures of a fast-paced, multifacted society," Dina RaChild Development

Center director stated. She said the goal of CDC is to ready the children to function in that society. "We upgraded and enhanced our program in direct response to parents' concerns for their children's total development." The main focus of the Jewish Community Center's Child Development Center is to teach children the basic values of kind-

ness and tzedakah, in addition to Judaic and socialization skills, The goal is to provide 9 safe, nurturing, and stimulating environment for children from six weeks to six years of age. An effort is made to meet the needs of the dual career family, as well as those of the single parent and traditional family units. Mrs. Raful explained that the original "JCC babysitter service" evolved into a licensed child care service in 1986. She said the JCC ChUd Development Center is the only child care service in Omaha which provides a Jewish experience for children. All of the children participate in a Shabbat experience each 'Friday

morning. There are programs and lessons for every Jewish holiday, as well as a Hebrew music curriculum, she said. "The kids feel secure about being Jewish. Their concept of Jewishness is well established by the time they leave us to go to kindergarten." She pointed out, also, that non-Jewish- parents enjoy the cultural experience for their children. "All of the children leave us with a very positive self-image." The CDC utihzes eight rooms at the JCC, including a separate room for JAfants and a three-part room with facilities for toddlers, older children, and an art/lunch room. Children use the music

room, gym, dance studio, and the swimming pool. They are integrated with the preschool children for a variety of activities daily. At present. 32 staff members care for preschool and child care children. According to Mrs. Raful, most of the staff are parents themselves. The young people who are employed have had counselling experience. All full-time staff members must have a minimum of 12 hours of inservice per year. The majority have had CPR instruction aod early childhood experience is encouraged. "We look for people who are positive role models for the children, We want them to be nurturing, loving, patient and creative," stated Mrs. Raful.

As the concept of the "traditional fainily structure" in America continues to change, child care services are increasingly called upon to provide those qualities parents would expect from a family member. '' Parents need to feel secure in knowing that their children are well cared for in a wartii and loving environment," Phyllis Wasserman, administrative assistant stated. The Child Development committee, chaired by Bunny Rothenberg, provides support through parent participation in promotional activities and community service. "We have an 'Open Door' policy at the CDC. Conmiunication with parents ia our number one priority," Mrs. Raful added.

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You want handsome? We got handsome!' By Teresa Strasaer Northern Callfomia Jewish Bulletin SAN FRANCISCO (JTA)-If eUgible, commitment^ seeking Jewish men are so hard to find, why are 16 Orthodox bachelors advertising their wares in the Jewish Bulletin? Actually, their San Jose synagogue is doing it for them. So qnxious is Congregation Am Echad to marry off its single men, that it placed an ad in the Northern California Jewish Bulletin touting an abundance of "very eligible, some even handsome, fine, upstanding, several painfully young, mostly rievermarried-before bachelors who, if placed under deep hypnosis, would inunediately reveal they seek a wonderful woman to become their wife for life." The ad was authored by a member of..^e congregation, Phil Dryan, pen-named "Uncle Phil," in a "de8pe^ ate dictum" to grab the attention of women scanning the Bulletin. , ' "Girls, it's oy gevalt, Seven Brides for Seven Bochers (unmarried young men) urgently heeded I" According to Dryan, 60, such humor is not typical of the Orthodox community; he hopes it will shock people, catch them off-guard, and stir up interest in the ad— and, it is hoped, in Am Echad's men, all under 46. Dryan, who is married and has two grown children, attributes the surplus of bachelors to the congregation's Silicon Valley location, which he says attracts many Orthodox professional men but few women. Calling the San Jose congregation a family, he says the exodus of local men to Los Angeles and New York in search of wives has had a seriously destabilizing effect on that family. Pat Bergman, a female congregant, has been fielding responses to the ad, becoming an Orthodox shadchan (matchmaker) of sorts. But she will set up an official

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match only if she is certain the wonaan is right for a particular bachelor. Mostly she tries to keep meddling to a minimum by inviting interested parties to casually attend services and "size up the situation for themselves." These days, Am Echad is a happy family, with the "sizing up" method of perusing pfu'tners taking place with greater frequency during services. Dryan and Bergman agree that more women than ever have been attending services since the ad first appeared. Bergman lets it be known, however, that "these guys want observant women who want a religious lifestyle. The women don't have to be Orthodox—just interested, 1 mean, character and intelligence are what we really want. But our 16 bachelqrs aren't looking to date around; they want to marry and start an Orthodox family in a kosher home.' That is why Dryan is particularly enthusiastic about a potential coimection with young Orthodox women from a Pittsburgh Chabad House. The rabbi's wife there saw the ad and inunediately called Am Echad. "She says they've got a whole line of women— I can't wait to see their vital statistics. Maybe they'll ship 'em out here." The congregation has good reason to be confident of the ad's continued success. Dryan's last campaign, using four different ads, was aimed at increasing the size of the small congregation; within a year, membership jumped by 50 percent, to between 65 and 70 members. Dryan writes professionally for several travel and dining magazines, and has his own column, "Uncle's Philgrimage." When he composes ads, he applies his philosophy of successful writing. "People don't read anymore—so long, artfully crafted stories just don't get read. We want USA Today. Colorful, short pieces get read. If no one reads it, it's a waste of time.

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Coping with poliution In l\/lexico City By Jo Carroll When Tanuny Abramowitz visited Omaha, the first thing she wanted to do was to pull up a chair at the nearest salad bar and eat away. Mrs. Abreimowitz and her husband, David, and their two children, Gabriel, 2, and Rafael, 1, make their home in Mexico City, Mexico. Because of pollution and germs they can only eat fruit and vegetables that can be peeled. Visiting with relatives in Omaha gives them the chancy to catch up on the things they miss. Mr. Abramowitz works for Colgate-Pahnolive and the family returns to the States twice a yearl Mrs. Abramowitz grew up in Omaha listening to her mother, Suzy Rubin, talk about Mexico City. Mrs. Riibin was born in Mexico City and immigrated to Nebraska as a young woman. Mrs. Abramowitz never thought, listening to her mother talk about Mexico City that she would raise her children there. Her youngest son was bom in the city of his grandmother's birth.

Mrs. Abramowitz said living styles are different in Mexico City. She stands out in the doctor's office when she takes her children for a checkup. " 1 am the only one there without a maid or a husband. The women look at me like, 'How can you han-

dle this?' Mexican women take their maids with them everywhere to handle their children." When the Abramowitzes do use a babysitter on rare occasions, she goes to the American school to get American teen-agers to babysit for them.

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"I have alot of faith in American teen-agers. I remember growing up in Nebraska and all the teenagers who babysat." Mrs. Abramowitz was having trouble with her contact lenses. A doctor in Omaha told her that the pollution in Mexico City was causing her eyes to be irritated. Other complications from the pollution in Mexico City concern the family. According to Mrs. Abramowitz, they cannot open

the windows, and the air purifier runs all the time. "You can't take the kids out in the morning and we have to have our blood tested for lead levels." Paying bills and writing checks is a little more difficult in Mexico City, Mrs. Abramowitz said. "You have to pay aU your bills at the bank. Not the same bank and not on the same day," she explained. "You can't trust checks in the mail, and canceled checks are not returned to you." Mrs. Abramowitz is the first to admit her driving habits have changed. "I never stop for a stop sign or a red light unless something is coming." In spite of the hassles and struggles of living in a foreign country, Mrs. Abramowitz thinks it is well worth it. She is proud of the fact that Gabriel speaks two languages, Hebrew and Spanish.- He attends day school in a Jewish community that she finds, "very exciting." A rabbi has founded a KoUel, a place for married couples to study. Mr. and Mrs. Abramowitz and 12 other couples attend regularly. "The Jewish world grows smaller and smaller. If you have a child, you need a community," she said. When asked if she is orthodox, conservative or re-

form, Mrs. Abromowitz is quick to reply, "I try to be a good Jew." •The Abramowitzes keep a kosher home. The kosher foods on the shelf in the stores in Mexico City are not marked with the familiar symbols and Mrs. Abramowitz has a pamphlet to tell her what labels are kosher foods. "At first, I carried the pamphlet with me all the time, but now I sort of know what labels are kosher. I only have to use it if I'm buying something new. David uses it whenever he goes to the store." Because she keeps kosher ind many restaurants are not safe to eat in, Mrs. Abramowitz fixes all the meals her family eats. She is a vegetarian, but observes, "The meat is very expensive. Most of it comes from Israel." Mrs. Abramowitz is learning every day how to live better in Mexico. One day her trash was not picked up. There was a man working on the roof of her house, so she pleaded with him to take her trash. And she bribed him. "People there expect to be paid before they do something, so I m learning how to bribe instead of tip." Most people think of Omaha as a steak town, but not Tammy Abramowitz. She'll always think of it as a place where she can eat salads.

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The world of the Shalom Hotel By Gary RoMoblatt Baltimore Jewish Tinies (This article includes opinion) The dramatic rescue of thousands of Ethiopian Jews by the'state of Israel made headlines around the world. Months later, how are these families faring, starting life anew in their ancient homeland? For an answer, walk into the dark, spacibus lobby of the Shalom Hotel, in the Bayit V'Gan neighborhood of Jerusalem, and reorient yours^f to a unique society in formation, struggling to make the transition from a primitive African culture to high-tech Israeli society. The surroundings are modem but drab. The one-time five-star hotel, empty until Operation Moses, has become hon^e to more than 600 Ethiopian families since May. A few youngsters are playing in the lobby. It's 2 p.m. and they have returned by bus from school. Their parents are on the second floor completing their morning Ulpan, learning Hebrew in 21 makeshift classrooms built in what was once the hotel Bingo room. . (For some adults, Hebrew is the first language they are learning to read and write.) In a few minutes, parents and children will have some time together before eating lunch in the hotel dining room. Then, in the afternoon, there will be sports and activities for the children and off-site vocational training for the adults, such as carpentry and factory work. Others will stay behind to do their native embroidery. A visitor walking through the halls is most impressed with the warm, open smiles from virtually everyone he passes. Some wear Western clothes, donated by volunteers. Others wear traditional robes, and a few women carry their infants on their backs. "Baruch habah," one young woman, a nurse from Addis Ababa, greets us in Hebrew. Welcome.

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For all the culture shock they have endured these last several months, adjusting from a society where a father and his sons, starting at the age of six, would spend the day working the fields, these people, as they gather their Hebrew workbooks and walk through the corridors, have a certain dignity about them and an air of serenity. WE HAVE THE FINEST MEAT DEPARTMENT IN TOWN! LET US PROVE IT TO YOU! WE DO IT THE OLD FASHIONED WAY-CUT IT THE WAY YOU LIKE. YOU SEE AU OF WHAT YOU'RE GETTING. OUR MEAT IS NEVER WRAPPED AHEAD— ITS GUARANTEED FRESH. LET ONE OF OUR FRIENDLY BUTCHERS MAKE YOU THE BEST COOK IN TOWN.

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Indeed, a social worker complains that they are too gentle, too trusting and passive. She worries about them, knowing that in another few months they will leave the cocoon of the Shalom Hotel and be transferred to settlements of mobile homes, now being hastily constructed around the country. The task at hand is monumental, for the Jewish Agency and social service structure of the state aa well as the new immigrants themselves. Israel is strapped for funds but anxious to accommodate the 12,000 Ethiopian Jews rescued last spring and the hundreds of thousands of Soviet Jews who have arrived in the last two years. Everyone realizes that, despite the economic drain and personal hardships, these people represent the lifeblood of the Jewish state. They are the future.

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The Jewish Agency is responsible for the first year of immigrant care, from housing to acculturation. During that tinie, the government is building housing, much of whkh is in the form of temporary "caravans," in areas removed from mainstream employment. Officials acknowledge that there are a host of problems to be dealt with, economic, social, psychological and cultural hut nuiintnin that they are doing the best they caii They prm»t> unsung tieroes like Tziki Ud. the director of the Shalom Hotel, whoM professional skills and human compassion are tested each day in ways no social worker is adequately trained to deal with. Like the first day of school, when Ethiopian parents panicked at the sight of large yellow busea in the Shalom parking lot, waiting to take their children to school. The only other time the parents had seen such buses waa in Addis Ababa several months before, when they were used to transport families to the airport. The parents were now fearful that their children were being sent away. Enter Mr. Ud, who reetond calm by explaining the situation to a group of IkMaem), the Ethiopian Jews' elders and priests, and asked them to come outside and bless the buses and children.

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The day I viaited the Shalom, media attention wu on the Arafahlsraeh "corridor diplomacy " taking place at the State Department in Wuhlngton and tetuiofi between Araba and Jews in the Silwan neighhwhood of saal Jerusalem. But having teen a glimpaa of the daily •baorpUon proceee. renxived from the daily headllnea, 1 came to undaretand that iMraal's future ia dependent not only on ita r«latk»t with Araba. but iu abUity to weave unakilled, naive, deeply railgloui Ethiopian Jewt aa woU as highly educated, Industrioua, eecular Soviet Je«a into the fabric of Israeli life.

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."Our American dream didn*t include a house" By Jo CarroU On a hill in Millard is a neighborhood where the residents look down on the lights of the city. It is a busy place where over 30 children jive with their families in 10 houses. One of these houses belongs to Eric and Helen Pisetsky. , The Pisetskys immigrated to Omaha from Russia less than two years ago. The house is more than a part of their American dream. "Our American dream didn't have a house in it." Mr. Pisetsky said. Shortly after arriving in Omaha, Mr. Pisetsky secured a construction job, but the work wasn't steady. Now he works as an estimator and project manager. He says he got his present position, "With a little luck and help from the Jewish community." He credits Boris Tayter with his success in finding a job. "He helped me prepare my resumes and typed them on the computer for me." Mr. Pisetsky said he had never worked with a computer before coming to the United States. After Mr. Pisetsky found a job, he and hia wife began looking at the ads in the newspaper for houses. "I called a real estate agent to see what we can do and what we can't do," he said. "We were surprised at what we could do. We got th| house with a lowincome loan and the interest is just six percent." Mrs. Pisetsky said one house they wanted to look at was being bought by the couple who walked out the front door as they were walking in. "We had looked at six booses, when we decided to drive by just one more,"

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Mr. Pisetsky said, "This one was in good condition so we decided to stop right there. We're real glad we did. There was not much of a down payment and the refrigerator was included." "The house made us more Uke normal people," said Mrs. Pisetsky. "We didn't want to stay in t^ie lower income level, we want to be in the middle." "We like our house," said Mr. Pisetsky, "but what we found here was not about money. It was more."

The neighbors have surprised Mr, Pisetsky. "The neighbo|:s are so friendly to come and talk. They have lived here for many years. They are friendly to each other and now they include us in it." At Christmastime, Mr. Pisetsky said, the whole neighborhood was lit up. "Our neighbors had been so nice to us we didn't want to be the only dark house on the circle, so we put up some lights." Mr. Pisetsky said, "We were not supposed to show our Jewishness in Russia.

Pointing to his daughter, Lena;' he said. "We think a lot about it. She will have a different-life. Everything is available here. We look to the'other immigrants who have been here longer and follow their example." Mrs, Pisetsky goes to school mornings at Creighton to study pharmacy and works at KhoH's Drugs in the afternoon. Time is hard for Mrs. Pisetsky. "I have to finish things on time and then there are times when I have to sit and wait." She knew little English when she immigrated to Omaha. Before she could . begin her college studies, she had to pass a foreign language test that certified she knew English well enough to attend an American college. Her husband says school is harder here than in Russia. "Education is easier in Russia because you have someone who makes sure you study. You study with other people. Here you study by yourself. It's hard to read all those books." Three-year-old Lena is dropped off at day care by her father. The day care is located near where her mother works. Lena went to the JCC day care for three months but now her mother says, "It's too expensive for us to pay on our own." Mr. and Mrs. Pisetsky credit Jewis^amily Service: "Natalie Rubin knows no hours. Omaha is number one with us." The Pisetskys are now paying their loan back because they want to help other people come to Omaha.

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art<c/» wot provided by th* Jiwiih Tktohgical Stminaryl EW YORK-If Jews are having a tough time praying, or even discussing prayer, blame it on the Kngiish language. It is the wrong language for lefilla, say guest lecturers who participated in this fall's adult education Mries at the Seminary. "Our attitude toward prayer is determined by our trying to practice Judaism In an essentially Christian environment," said Rabbi Harold Kushner. "We are livi;ig Judaism in translation, and all kinds of distortions ere,...;.... I live Judaism in transln' '" lalk •b* ler Meals,'which is »i fcrent irom uirKsi lia'roazon. We say phylucluruis, as if that were leti foreign a word thtn t«fillin " Rabbi Kuflhner ia the author of "When Bad Things Heppen to Good People ' and "Who Needs God?" He dellvind the third lecture in "Prayer tnd the Life of the Soul," the eii-week ewiee that waa the fall offering of the Print Roeenzweig L«hrhaui, the Seminary's inati"idles. ' roduce Christian cslegoriee of _liiL*i I iir wii\ wv speak'about Judaism oecause about '' translation, in a predominantly lettfiu l<bi Kushner said

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s "We have been brainwashed into the Christian modality that prayer is the pious thing to doi" said Rabbi Kushner. "We take the word tefilla and stretch it to cover so many different phenomena that things get distorted in the process." Kushner's words echoed those of Rabbi David Wolpe, the first lecturer in th« series. Rabbi Wolpe, of the .Seminary's \M Angeles affiliate of tho ' rni,^,.ruii y of Judaism, is the author of the recently pi i he Healer of Shattered Hearts: A Jfwish Vu• <.i v.ml, " "I envy the fact that an Evangelical Christian minister can say 'God loves yog' and nobody looks at him like he's crazy," Hsbbi Wolpe said. 'Now wc can say that in Hebrew. We can say 'Ahava raba ahav-tanu.' or 'v'ahavta ot Adonai Elo-hecha.' But u soon u you translate it into English ("Deep is Your love for us'; "And you shall love the Lord your God"), we get vaiy uncomfprtablo. Partly, this ia becwiae English is a Christian langtiage. ^o them* concepta luvt Christian rnnn,.!,. tions "And j... raallypray, li 'i. If they don't have some »i ^•s tltun. Otherwise, w • Is at the other end ul ituil wire who caros about ine. I don't

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blame it on English lin, like Rabbis Kushrier and Wolpe, is a graduate of the Seminary's Rabbinical School. He is professor of medieval.Hebrew literature at the Seminary and the author of several books, including "The Gaielle; Medieval Hebrew Poems on God, Israel and the Soul." "The truth that the poet is getting at requires that we go along with, part of the way," Dr. S ' " <uid. "We temporarily aHopt a logicidly falsr i order to cotM clONT to truth. The poem is a vuhicio for our emotknal and intetlectual lives." Said Kabbi Wolpe. "The Bible uyi, 'The fool layi in hit heart: Ihare is no God'Notk* wUre he t^ra it-in hla heart. ThM'a where the laveh for God begina-nol in the brain, but I9 the heart. "Why can't wt pray? Becauae we don't know how to aing from the depths of our souls. I mean, sing the way .. the flrat line of the Anlm Z'mlrot hytnn t«IU uA to sing: 'I will weave songs and embroider hymns because my aoul yMms for You.' That's the kind of song I mean: the kind of song that isn't embanaastd, The kind of nniii/ thnt tVRc\vMK MUt lo Clod.

'I think anyone who is bound up, whose spirit has no song, cannot pray. Such a person can speak the words, he or she can fulfill the halachic obligation, but this person can't pray. Being able to sing' requires adopting e concept of God," Rabbi Wolpe continued. ",So what kind of God do we need? The God of the Midrash, the God who is eipressed not in concepts, but in poetry: a God who cares and who hurta." He cited two midralhim. In one, God walks around the ruins of the Temple and cries. The other tells of Mosee' p"-" •' '"•'•ning that he will not enter the Promised Laii >{ate8 that pain by telling Moses that He periHinHiiy wni bury him. "What you MNI is not only the rabbis' percepUon of the unfaJroesa of Moses' plight, but the lenae of God's caring and intimacy," said Rabbi Woipe, "That's a God you can pray to, a God you can open your heart to. Moses' ivayer doean't depaad on the granting or not granting. It dependa on the Ustaoing, Moaea waa heard-*"'' i" ^'l<< 'hat waan't tnougb. It waa aoroething. It was ii l^ayei aim» i.um« many forms, the rabbit tti'' "— times, one ii not avcn aware hit or aha liaa pi "How do you pray when you're angry?" wkeu lUbUi ' Kushner. "A collfague. Rabbi Manuel Salttman in Bos'. •-. -'JuauM

. ton, tells the story of the Yom Kippur War in 1973. The day after Yom Kippur, a congregant of Rabbi Saltxman's made an appointment to see him and said, 'Rabbi, when I heard that the Egyptian army had overrun the positions on the Suez Canal and that Israeli soldiers by the dozen had been killed, 1 slammed my machzor shut and said: I am not going to sing the praises of a God who lets Jewish boys ))e killed defending Israel on Yom Kippur. And three hours later, 1 was terribly cmbarraassd by what I did. How do I make up for that?" Rabbi Saltzmap said to him, "Your slamming the machzor shut waa aa sincere a prayer as was offered in this whole synagogue on Yom Kippur," "An angry prayer is a prayer. A prayer of indigna tion, a prayer of proteat, it a aineera prayer. At the back of our aoul it tot inalatance, at Job atid, that God raapecta our honatty mon than the convantkaial piatiea, the flattariet of thoea who are juat mumbling tne Hebrew. You don't pray ao God will do things for you," Rabbi Kuthnar amd "Thia ia how you cope with the world." • ;. iof \w Ji'Wisn niw.>iugii:uj .•X'liunury lu 'vrnfrieo, \i.\'l\ 67»-899fl.

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Ethiopian immigrant joins the sidlled middle class By Jolie Greiff, UJA Press Service JERUSALEM-Amnon Sahalo, 29, has moved from the wheat fields of Ethiopia to a downtown Jerusalem office. He came from a world lacking in plumbing and electricity and slid into a modem world of technology.'Ten years ago. he was picking fruit in an Ethiopian orchard—today, when he isn't peering at a computer, he's figuring out which wire goes where on broken telephones. It's a^service everyone needs, especially in Israel, and one which no one, anywhere, seems to understand.

the instrument. But he's literally thrown into a state of goodwill When Sahalo hands him a new phone, apologizes for any inconvenience, and wishes him a healthy life with the telephone. After the contented customer leaves, Sahalo says, "Unfortunately, Israel's telephone company started out with a bad reputation. But now we're improving things here." Sahalo may be a symbol who bodes well for other Ethiopian immigrants in Israel. If he could survive two years as a refugee in the Sudan before arriving in Israel during the clan-

Etheopian immigrant joins Israel's middle class

"Come back next week"

AmnoD Sahalo, who arrived in Israel during Operation Moses, now works for Israel's Bezeq Telephone Company. Sahalo's Ethiopian good manners soothe customers irritated by broken telephones. Pboto-VJA Preea Service/David HBSB

A well-dressed middleaged man enters Sahalo's office at Israel's Bezeq Telephone Company. Scowling and clutching his broken phone, he's already prepared for an argument and an explanation that will translate into, "Come back next week." Sahalo's gracious manner and Ethiopian calm erase his complainant's scowl. The victim of today's technology grows increasingly confident as he watches Sahalo's machinations with

destine stages of Operation Moses in 1982, his successful integration into Israeli society becomes understandable. If he could arrive haggard and drained to a totally new culture without enough language ability to ask for the nearest restroom, it may not be so surprising that he's mastered the skills of a technician and customer relation's expert. The absorption of Sahalo and all other Ethiopian Jews who arrived

during Operation Moses, more than his fears for as well as during last those left behind. In SaMay's dramatic airlift, is halo's case, his entire famsupported by American ily was still trapped in Jews through the UJA/ Federation Annual and Ethiopia. Despite the Operation Exodus Cam- strain, worry, and culture paigns. These same cam- shock, Sahalo attended paigns are assisting in the one of the best Hebrew resettlements of hundreds language programs in the of thousands of Soviet country. His teacher from then, Rachel Zeldman, Jews in Israel. remembers him well. Or, Like many of his fellow rather, remembers that immigrants, Sahalo ar- she wasn't supposed to rived in Israel with no remember him. She says,

"Despite the fact that Ethiopians were easy to identify, the Israeli government was trying to keep their arrival in Israel under wraps." With a laugh, she continues, "When people asked me about the Ethiopians in Israel.'l'd always say, 'What Ethiopians?'" Since the arrival of most of Ethiopia's Jewish community in Israel, "What Ethiopians?" is already an

anachronism. Fortunately for Sahalo, the influx of Ethiopian Jews during the years has brought him his entire family. It also brought a slender and softspoken Ethiopian inrniigrant named "Hagar" who Sahalo married in 1985. They have two daughters —two "sabras." For these Israeli children, Ethiopian fields and thatched huts will be as exotic as computers once were for their father.

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Jewish star points to Jewish future By Jo<:arroll During the 19208 in Arapahoe, Neb., a mother and daughter, who attended a Methodist church together, made a quilt. Ultimately, a Jewish great-granddaughter hung the quilt on the wall behind her sofa. Julie Phillips thinks that maybe her great-grandmother, Eva Packwood, might have had a vision of the future. The quilt blocks in this prized heirloom are the Star of David, The stars had more meaning when she converted to Judaism in 1987. Mrs, Phillips grew up in Nebraska with a family whom she described as "not overly religious. It was a struggle to get me to go to Sunday school." A; a child, she didn't know any Jews. As an adult when she asked her mother about becoming Jewish, Mrs. Phillips said, "My mother didn't say much." Mrs. Phillips added with a laugh, "I think she was just so glad 1 wasn't a Moonie!" After marrying Eric Phillips, she and her husband moved to Baltimore, where Mrs. Phillips said tha holidays were often a sad time for her. "My husband was work-

ing long hours and I had no family in the area. I learned to plan ahead ... I had Jewish friends over." Because she had no background that included Jewish holidays, everything she did was new. "We designed the holidays ourselves. Everything we did was special to us," she explained. Dr. and Mrs. Phillips had met in Europe. Dr. Phillips said his brother had advised him to go to Europe between his second and third year in medical school, telling him it would be the last opportunity to have some free time; Dr. Phillips had gone to Israel during the war in Lebanon. The day he was leaving, an old man asked him to help rebury his son. "I was very tired, but suddenly this energy came from nowhere. It was a very moving experience." After visiting Israel, Dr. Phillips flew to Italy, where he found himself lost and tired. He was looking for someone who could give him directions when he saw Mrs. Phillips. She had graduated from the University of Nebraska at Lincob and had flown to Europe where she began a backpacking tour. At the time she met her future husband, she was

working in a bistro in Florence. She listened as he told her of his experience in Israel. Dr, Phillips knew because of his background he "absolutely would marry someone Jewish... I knew I would raise my children Jewish." Mrs. Phillips said her not being Jewish was never a problem. "It was never an issue." She said, "Okay, I'll be a Jew.'" But she was quick to add, "Being Jewish is a life-long commitment. I'll never have the history of a Jiew," she added. "We did most of this on our own," Dr. Phillips said, referring to his wife's conversion. "She read

books and learned, while I releamed." Mrs. Phillips said, "Conversion definitely wasn't a prerequisite for marriage. It was for myself. And I want to pass all this on to my children. I have to learn and understand Hebrew now to be one step ahead of them." Mrs. Phillips began her studies in Baltimore where her husband was doing his internship. "At first I felt people didn't want me to be Jewish. It was like a club that I didn't belong to." Then she met Rabbi Aryeh Azriel who was with the Baltimore Hebrew Congregation. She studied with him for two years.

"He was wonderful." Mrs. Phillips said it was nice to be in his congregation again at Temple Israel. Last December, Dr. and Mrs. Phillips found they would have to be out of town for a few days during Hanukkah ao they packed their sons, David, six, and Jacob, four^ off to grandmother Liska, a teacher in Lincoln.' The children carried a special "bubba Hanukkah kit" with them that included presents, candles, dreidels and prayers. Mrs. Phillips said she thinks her mother is more sensitive about other religions now. Mrs. Phillips continues to give her family Christmas presents and in return

they give the Phillips family Hanukkah gifts. Mrs. Phillips said she was free from ethnic slurs when she grew up in Nebraska. "Sometimes people are just not informed. 1 think growing up nonJewish I bring a perspective from the other side." The Phillips keep Saturday as a family day. They don't keep kosher, but Mrs. Phillips said, "I wouldn't be surprised if we did one day." Dr. Phillips said, "We are proud to be a part of this community. I never thought I would find it. Were proud to be Jews. We're working hard to find happiness and respect. I'm very fortunate to have Julie.

"Let all who are hungry enter and eat, and all who are needy•^ come and celebrate the Passover." Passover Haggadah

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Escape From Yugoslavia By Sharon Marcovitch UJA Press Service JERUSALEM-Gordon Ledich, of the Croatian town of Zagreb, was less frightened of the bombs exploding half a niile from his house than he was by the thought of being forcefully enlisted into the Croatian militia. "Militia toughs were coming and knocking on doors," explains Mr. Ledich. "You had one of two choices. Either you went with them quietly or they dragged you away screaming." With these grim options in mind, Mr. Ledich, his wife, and their infant son fled the raging Yugoslavian Civil War. They crossed the border into Hungary to the safety of the Jewish Agency's transit station in Budapest. Soon after, they settled into a Beer Sheva absorption center along with six other Yugoslavian Jewish families. In Mr. Ledich's opinion, the war is pointless for the poorly-armed Croats. However, he points out, "As a Jew, it's not my war anyway." He is also quick to explain that anti-Semitism is mounting in Croatia, wh'ere the local Jewish cemetery was desecrated. Reportedly, many of the 5,500 remaining Jews in Yugoslavia want to leave. But borders are closed,and only 60 families a month are able to reach Israel. In

Israel, the absorption of all immigrants is supported by American Jews through the UJA/Federation Annual and Operation Exodus Campaigns. The Yugoslavian emigrants who do reach Israel are well prepared for the challenges of a new culture. Judith Galperin, director of the Beer Sheva absorption center, says, "They're highly educated, very Westernized, and they speak many languages, including English." She continues, "They're capable people who are eager to work hard. We're delighted to have them with us," As for the immigrants, they're glad to leave the misery of Eastern Europe behind them. For the first time in months Mr. Ledich can relax when playing with his son. He says, "In Zagreb, I was so tense that I couldn't sleep at night. I kept imagining my son being taken away and killed." The violent strains between Serbs and Croats have not rubbed off on Jews from these warring regions. The Beer Sheva absorption center is a con(genial mix of the two. Dushan and Zlata Michaelik, both middle-aged, are from Vojvodina, a cosmopolitan Serbian republic. They gave up prominent careers as a journalist

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Yugoslavians nee civil war, find safety in Israel Gordon Ledish, his wife, Nevis, and their son, Noel, recently escaped the civil war between Croats and Serbs. Wliile living in the Croatian town of Zagreb^ the Ledichs lived with the sounds of exploding bombs and the fear that Gordon Ledich would be forcefully enlisted into the Croatian Militia. Photo credit: UJA Press Service/P. A T. Samson

and as a university professor 80 that the oldest of their four children, Jan, would not be conscripted into the Serbian Army. Mrs. Michaelik says, "The Serbian nationalists are interested in a Greater Serbia and everyone is expected . to fight for the Serbian cause." The Michaeliks realize that army service is also expected of their children now that they are in Israel. Mr. Dushan says, "It's true that our children will

have to serve in the Israeli Army. But there's a big difference because at least this is our army." Mr. Michaelik is also more optimistic about peace in the Middle East than he is about a peaceful end to the Yugoslavian conflict. For many, fighting between Croats and Serbs brings back bloody memories of the last World War. Mrs. Michaeliks, who was a child during World War II, remembers the last nationalist war in Yugosla-

via, when the Croats sided with the Nazis, Both Jews and Serbs were massacred. Her paternal relatives were all deported to Auschwitz, where they were annihilated. "We built a new Yugoslavia," she says. "Serbs and Croats had buried their differences—or so we thought." The new arrivals are joining an older generation of Yugoslavian immigrants who have already made their mark on Israeli

society. While discussing this first wave, they're asked if they considered going to the United States or elsewhere in Europe. The question elicits a generous round of laughter. Mrs. Michaelik responds, "Everyone has closed their doors to the Yugoslavians. They fear an influx of millions of refugees." She adds, "If we weren't Jews, we wouldn't have anywhere in the world to go. So we've come home."

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ApMI17,'1992

Dobins prepare for "Home Sweet Home" By Jo Carrol) The sidewalks are not yet in, the yard is still covered with mud, but the Dobin family is happy to be in their new house. Ilya and Bella Dobin are Russian immigrants who moved to Omaha from Minsk less than two years ago with their five-year-old daughter. Lank. They credit the Jewish community with their success. "Without classes of free English, without everything the Jewish community gave us, we could not have made it," Mr. Dobin said. The day starts before 7 a.m. for the Dobins. Mr. Dobin drives his wife and Lana off at Oakdale day care. Mrs. Dobin settles her daughter and then takes the bus to Clarkson Hospital where she works in the environmental department. Mr. Dobin works as a salesman at Mrs. B's Warehouse. Mr. Dobin had been working part-time electrical jobs when he decided to ask Mrs. B for a job at her Warehouse. According to Mr. Dobin, her answer was: "Okay, if you're not lazy." He started measuring remnants and doing heavy physical work in shipping and receiving. Now he's in sales with three or four regulars on the floor. Mr. Dobin likes to work

for Mrs. B. "At 98 she still smiles. It's not an easy business. Day by day, she pushes me more into the business, but I'm happy. I have a house only because she offered me a job." At the end of her work day, Mrs. Dobin takes a bus to her mother-in-law's apartment. Lana has already been picked up from day care by her grandmother. There they wait for husband and father to pick them up to go home. It is after 7 p.m. when they finally arrive home. Mr. Dobin works seven days a week. One week, Mrs. Dobin will be off Tuesday and.Friday; the next week, Saturday and Sunday. The Dobins looked at a number oif houses before they decided on buying a new one. Mrs. Dobin said,' "We saw.a lot of old houses." Her husband quickly corrected her, "We saw a lot of existing Houses. The newer ones were much better.,.And older doesn't mean cheaper." They chose the location in Millard because, "the town is moving west." Lana has dreams of her own. She will tell you, speaking English without an accent, that she wants to be, "a baby doctor and a family doctor." Her mother says Lana speaks only in English when

she wants something. "I say, it is not one of their want her to remember priorities now. Russian so she will be able Commenting on the curto speak to her grandparents when they come." rent conditions in Russia, Mrs. Dobin's parents are Mr. Dobin said, "It's not still in Minsk, but will join easy in Russia now. They're their family in Omaha in deeding with a society that has forgotten how to May. work." The Dobins do not belong to or attend a synagogue. Right now they say work takes precedence. Mr. Dobin says in the future, when they have time, it is s6mething they want to do. They want their daughter to know about being Jewish, but working the hours they work, they

Mr. and Mrs. Dobin are paying back the Federation the loans that were made to them when they came to Omaha. The Dobins' home is a split-level with bedrooms on the top level, living, dining and kitchen on the main floor and a family room, complete with a fire-

place on the bottom floor. They chose their home from a model but made some changes, such as the large bay window in the living room. The new furniture has been slow in arriving. The sofa unit in the living room will soon be placed downstairs when more furniture arrives. The kitchen is fully furnished, complete with a refrigerator where ice can be had through the door. "You know, blinds are expensive," Mr. Dobin said as he looked at the uncovered windows in his house.

This story is one of several such success stories reported to the Jewish Press by Jewish Family Service.

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"We like Omaha, people are friendly" By Sheila Garsombke, staff writer Gregory, Galina Kogan and daughter, Lina, immigrated over two years ago from Bobrueesk, Byleo, Russia, seeking freedom, scholastic opportunies for Lina, to learn more about their Jewish culture and to build a secure economic future. The couple have found in Omaha educational and social opportunities for Lina, who is hearing-impaired. She is currently an honor-roll student at Nebraska School for the Deaf, but will enter public school next fall. Mr. and Mrs. Kogan direct considerable energy and time to developing Lina's speech, and are proud of the strides she has made, they. said. "Welike Omaha. People are friendly. The city is clean and green, and here there is opportunity for a good life," Mrs. Kogan said. The Kogans praised Omaha's Jewish community and are optimistic about their future here. "The commu, nity's Jewish Family Service has helped us by providing financial support, critical English lessons, introducing us to life in America, providing summer camps for Lina, and even helping us witji our income tax," said Mr. Kogdn. Mr. Kogan compared lack of Judaism in Russia to religious freedom in America. "In Bobrueesk, there are In Russia, Mr Kogan said he had his own construcare no synagogues, no Jewish books or music, no matza, nothing to help in the celebration of their Jewishness. tion business, employing about 30 people, and building Few Russian people believe in God. In school, every Rus- and supervising all phases of residential and commersian child is taught there is no God," Mr. Kogan con- cial construction from the ground up. When he settled in Omaha, he realized his linuted Engtinued. In Oihaha, the couple said they can celebrate holidays lish mastery would not enable him to instantly step into in'their home, and keep kosher if they want. They are a career as a general contractor, but that is a futiure thankful that they can openly participate in Temple Is- dream. "I want to develop a dependable painting business, rael programs and those of the JCC. Although, they do riot now have a welcoming Mezuzah on their apartment buy another van, more and better equipnient, and hire door, they are working on getting one, the couple shared. experienced people to work with me," he expanded. Meanwhile, Mr. Kogan is continuing to improve his Although the happiness and welfare of Mr. Kogan's fainily is his first priority, he has made inroads to es- abilities by seeking courses in American commercial and tablish himself economically in Omaha. Mr. Kogan, an residential painting techniques, while continuing to industrial engineer in Russia, is building a clientele as build clientele and spread his name and references through the Omaha community. a commercial and residential painter in Omaha.

Mrs. Kogan, who was a saleswoman in a major childrens' department store in Bobrueesk, has been employed by T.J. Max as a salesclerk for about 14 months. She was honored last year as an employee of the month and received a gift certificate for her service. In the near future, Mrs. Kogan stated she would like to work at a major department store such as Younkers or Dillards, where she can help people to select their clothing. Last December, the Kogans were able to help bring both sets of parents, a grandmother and Mr. Kogan's sister and her three children to America to share in its blessings. The Kogan family is working toward the American dream of home ownership and secure retirement years. 'Planting a tree in Israel and visiting France are also in our future plans," said Mr. Kogan.

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New UAHC manual helps families, "To everything there is a season," teaches Ecclesiastes, "a time to live, a time to die.. ."—and now, "A Time to Prepare." Practical advice and spiritual counsel in preparing for death are offered by the Union of American Hebrew Congregations in its newly published 44page manual, "A Time to Prepare; A Practical Guide for Individuals and Families in Determining One's Wishes for Extraordinary Medical Treatment and Financial Arrangements." The manual was conceived and edited by Rabbi Richard F. Address, director of the UAHC Pennsylvania Council. Its genesis derives from the personal experience of Susan Casis, a member of Temple Sholom of Dallas, who created a handbook for members of her synagogue in 1987, following the sudden death of her husband. Mrs. Casis gave permission to the UAHC Committee on the Synagogue as a Caring Community to expand her initial idea. The manual was printed with a grant from the estate of the late Martin Address, father of Rabbi Address. "A Time to Prepare' has a double purpose:

As a guide, it offers counsel to families confronted with the agonizing question of how long to maintain the lives of loved ones suffering from terminal illness or living in a vegetative state. Included is a "Medical Directive" prepared by the Harvard Medical School—a personal document in which individuals may express their wishes regarding medical treatment should illness make them unable to conu. municate. As a workbook, it contains forms for giving final instructions and listing ()ersonal data and persons and organizations to notify after death; instructions to the rabbi and funeral director, and where to find tangible property, personal records (such as bank books) and other important documents. Also included are a draft power of attorney and suggested letters to the Social Security and Veterans' Administration and life insurance companies. The booklet also provides Reform Jewish perspectives on terminal illness. It invites Jews to renew an ancient tradition by leaving a personal ethical will. And it offers suggested deathbed prayers

and rituals for saying good-bye. "A Time to Prepare" includes these words by Rabbi Bernard Zlotowitz of the UAHC expressing the Reform perspective on life's final moments: "Jewish tradition affirms the sanctity of life. Yet, when there is no hope for the patient and death is certain, one should not hasten his death, but at the same time, one should not prolong his death throes but permit him to die in peace." Rabbi Address serves as staff director of three UAHC national committees dealing with the Synagogue as a Caring Community, Senior Adults and Bio-Medical Ethics. In "A Time to Prepare" he writes: "By dealmg in an honest and real way with our own mortality, we can teach ourselves, and those who come after us, to value and honor the gift of life. The use of this manual can serve as an important part of the spiritual growth." Copies of "A Time to Prepare" at $5 each (plus postage) may be obtained from the UAHC, 117 So. 17th St., Philadelphia, PA 19103; telephone (215) 563-8183.

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Therapy groups set up to stem higher suicide rate among oiim By Yehonathan Tommer JERUSALEM (JTA)-Suicide, murder, prostitution, petty crime and hunger—they are problems Natan Sharansky's Soviet Jewish Zionist Forum does not like to talk about. But experts say these problems have all afflicted the emigre community here and are bound to worsen unless o^iditions improve for the thoussnds of newcomers streaming into the country each week. "Unless adequate measures are taken to provide uprooted Soviet famiUes with appropriate psychological tools to function normally under severe conditions of financial stress, temporary housing and professional unemployment, the pressures of social disintegration wiQ deepen," said Dr. Ya'acov Shultz, a consulting psychiatrist to the 2aoni8t Forum. "Suicide is seized on as a simple personal answer to seemingly intractable problems," explained Shultz, a veteran Soviet immigrant who made aliyah from Minsk 20 years ago. According to Israel's Health Ministry, there mtn 31 attempted stiiddee by Soviet dim in 1990, the first complete year of massive immigration, and eight of those cases ended in death. While 11 percent of all suicide attempts by Jews in Israel w»e nuide by Soviet olim, Soviet Jews accounted for 26 percent of all Jewish suidde attempts that ended in death. "This is high and probably growing," said Shultz. But the situation is even worse in the Ethiopian immigrant community, where suicide is said to be five times the Israeli national average. Among the factors cited by Jewish Agency counsellors and corroborated by at least one psychiatric study of hospitalized Ethiopians, are a compendium of family traumas, acute cultural dislocation, unemployment and overcrowded, temporary living conditions. Jewish Agency officials are now hopeful that bureaucratic entanglements will be resolved so that the 9,000 Ethiopian olim still living va hotels and absorption centers around the country can be transferred to mobile home sites, where families can function more nwmally. Months before the mass influx of Soviet olim, Shultz urged the Soviet Jewry Zionist Forum to prepare psychiatric counseling services to help olim cope with inevitable "cultural decompensation," especially among olim above the age of 45. "The current Soviet aliyah wave i? a population in distnas," explained Shultz. "Thousands of olim are coming to Israel because th6y have nowhere else to go." To help them adjust. Shultz proposed the estabUshment of mental health centers. Last August, with the assistance of $150,000 in seed money contributed by the Legacy Foundation of the New York UJAFederation of Jewish Philanthropies, the Zionist Forum initiated a pilot group therapy project for 130 Soviet olim in Jerusalem and Tel Aviv. ^Therapy consists of three, five-hour meetings each' k, led by trained psychologists, during which olim ^re aaked to verbalize their fears and anxieties about Israel and Israelis. The therapist's task is to present laraeU perspectives jnd to mediate between exaggerated So^et expecta~ 1 and deep-set miacooceptioas. [ Group participation is intended to demonstrate that lividual problems are shared and, through group distissions, Soviet olim are taught selfhelp in searching

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Wary at first, Soviet olim have responded well to this program, said Shultz, who is project coordinator. Individual therapy has recently been introduced for some 140 people, 70 percent of whom ven referred for treatment by group therapists.

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Shultz hopes to see similar olim therapy groups formed around Israel. Meanwhile, negotiations will be initiated with the Health Ministry to persuade hospitals, medical funds and municipal social services to train and employ some of the 9,000 Soviet doctors who have immigrated since late 1989 to administer psychological and psychiatric treatment to Soviet olim. Given the success of group therapy, parent-child counseling groups are currently being organized to assist youngsters and their famihes cope with social adjustment to Israeli schools, said Yona Frankel, the Zicmist Forum's coordinator of olim support services. A telephone hotline, called "We Are With You," has also been operating since early 1990 through the Jerusalem municipaUty's volunteer organizations department, to strengthen the morale of anonymous callers. In addition, 300 families and dozens of individuals have benefited from 12 weekly group counseling seesions offered by the department's Crisis Intervention Coiter, according to Batia Vashik, the service's director. Some 50 Soviet olim from different professional backgrounds have completed three-month retraining courses and are employed as backup counsellors leading group discussions to strengthen olim self-esteem, deal with depression and guide role simulations designed to assist job-seekers with employment problems. Assistance to Ethiopian olim often takes a different form. "The sediments of physical hardship and psychological stress experienced in Ethiopia have produced medical ailments and psychosomatic disorders, requiring a combination of traditiohal healing practices and formal clinical and phychiatric methods," said Ora Donio, director of the Jewish Agency's couqseling services for Ethiopian olim. . As many Ethiopian olim are illiterate, even in their' native Amharic, systematic information is transmitted in an outreach program led by Israeli social workers twinned with veteran Ethiopian translators. Olim are taught verbally and in simulated situations about Israeli daily Ufe, and health, hygiene and birth control practices. Veteran Ethiopians, capable of mediating between Israeli and traditional Ethiopian mind sets, are alsp being trained as professional and auxiliary absorption counselors. In re^KHue to the rising suicides and homicides, a crisis situation coiter is being established, staffed by trained veteran Ethiopians. Prepared videotape fihns presenting Ethiopian families in everyday family and social conflict will be screened to small ohm groups, followed by discussions guided by ethnic Ethiopian counselors. "Their purpose will be to explain to them, that in the absence of traditional authority figures (such as comnumity eklers and relativts), Ethiopiiuu can legitimately turn for help to appropriate ItraeU paycholo^ts, psychiatrists and welfare coutuelon," laki Jewish Agency consultant Ya'acov Elias. himself a veteran Ethiopian olph

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h extraordinary novel of the Spanish expulsion 1492: The Life And Time* of Juan Cabezon By Homero Aridjis. Simon and Schuster, 284 pp., $21J6.

It places the reader in a world at a loss. The picaresque For hundreds of years, before its determination to beconveys the characteristic Spanish passion and will to come a modem unified nation, Spain had been the most live, but its characters excitedly open every cupboard, tolerant place in Europe. The Jews had flourished there. By Jane Muahabac only to find every shelf bare: Something is gone and it In this novel we see Spain's Jewish community in the isn't just wealth. process of being demolished, but while we can still catch NEW YORK (JTA)-Thi8 novel is a rarafind of great The picaro finds decadence at every turn. With a keen a glimpse of what it was, interest to Jews. With striking authenticity, "1492" recreates the wit and comic sense, the picaresque strands its readers Spanish 15th century, the century that culminated in in a morally barren realm. When we see the good we King, Queen begin process of worrying the Expulsion of the Jews, the defeat of the Moors in recognize it the way a starved man would see food. After 500 years, it is truly a historic event to readi a Granada, and the discovery of America. In 1483, King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella, having Written in 1986 by the celebrated Mexican poet and Spanish picaresque tale with Jews in it. For readers faniiliar with "Lazarillo," that modest 154-page master- placed a new set of restrictions on the Jews and Mosnovelist Homero Aridjis, the book has been translated lems, suddenly begin to worry about the "unpeopling" into English in time for the quincentenary of 1492's in- piece, it is remarkable to see a picaresque Spain in the years leading up to the 1492 Expulsion rather than the of Madrid. It is as if the monarchs sense for a moment extricably linked events. the destmction they are hurrying forward. For what is It tells the story of a youth (a picaro) thrown out oh years following it, to read a first-person tale told before .the richness, passion and joy of Spain deprived of its the v/orld to survive by his wits. Juan Cabezon—"stub- the Jews were removed from the scene. In Aridjis' book, Jews and Moors, its old mosaic of humanity, its old conbom-head"—is orphaned young, his father executed, his the Jews are not only mentioned but conmiemorated. vergence of the three people of the Book? mother murdered. He's a Converso—a descendant of Terror of exile This novel bears witness to the shutting down of Jews who, forced to choose between death and converIn the story of Cabezon, the response of each charac- Spain. sion, accepted Christianity, and with it the tragic ter to the barbarity of the Inquisition matters tremenThe final scenes at Trujillo and Puei'to Santa Maria demoralization of living a secret life. . Juan's grandfather was bom in the midst of the 1391 dously. We have a profound stake in those responses, are unforgettable. Hundreds of thousands of Jews are massacre of 4,000 Jews in Seville. Forty-three years later which range from despairing self-destmction to subter- leaving Spain. They leave so they can retain their idenJuan's grandmother, a widow and one of the few remain- fuge*, from joining the enemy to the instinctive, extraor- tity and faith. And Juan Cabezon? In the final hours, as the Jews ing Jews in that city, died wearing the vermillion badge dinarily courageous decision to face the terror of exile. Pero Munique, a blind man and Juan's friend, is one stand under the brutal Spanish sun facing the anguish that Jews were required to wear at that time. of the few in the story to raise even a little ^ger to the of the open sea ahead of them, their homes, possessions Inquisition. His trogicomically inept attempt at assas- and wealth forcibly left behind, Juan pleads with Isabel Edict not Isolated but culmination sinating the Inquisitor General Fray Tomas de Torque- to remain. They could "start a new Ufe under a differJuan's adventures brings him into contact with mada is unforgettable. ent name." thieves and murderers, Inquisitors and victims. "1492," Munique is mor^ successful at saving Isabel de la In the book's final three sentences, after the Jews, incrammed with burnings at the stake, self-flagellants and Vega, a fugitive—and secret Jew—whom Juan harbors cluding Isabel, have set sail, Cabezon, our ultimately grotesqueries ranging from the genocidal to the merely and loves. It is through Isabel, and the charges laid to. very modern Everyman, gets a job—as a mastman on unfortunate, reminds us that the infamous edict of ex- her and other Jews (things like preparing Saturday's a ship with a wacko navigator who, planning to travel pulsion was not an isolated event, but the culmination meal on Friday, and wrapping their dead in new linen), West in order to get to the East, has captured the imof over 200 of Spain's attempts to 'purify" itself. that we get a glimpse of a coherent Jewish society, a agination of the Spanish monarchs and their financiers. The book's power lies in its form, the picaresque—or society that is orderly and gracious, a society, incidenHomero Aridjis and translator-wife, Betty Ferber, j iouge's—tale, which was the Spanish forerunner of the tally, whose sexuality is as wholesome as that of the In- have given English-speaking readers a story of the world novel. At once lyrical and scathingly satiric, the pica- quisitors is warped. on the brink of the modem era—and a celebration of an resque tale has been suppressed by authorities, adored This book unfolds mysteries. On the streets of Toledo, extraordinary Jewish world that is no more. by readers and revered by literary critics—a description a muffled woman's voice cries out to Juan, "You will as true of the 1554 anonymous "Lazarillo de Tormes" find me in Avila." Could this possibly have been Teresa Jane Mushabac has taught at Queens College in New as it is of the 1942 "Pascual Duarte" by Camilo Jose of Avila, who became one of Spain's patron saints, and York City, and is the author of "Melville's Humor, A Cela, winner of the 1989 Nobel Prize for literature. whose Tdedo Jewish family background Was discovered Critical Study," Her ancestors were among those exiled The classic picaresque tale depicts post-1492 Spain. in the 1940s? from Spain in 1492.

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Full-time attorneys aim at quality-time parenthood By Susan Paley, ganized than we are," Ms. staff writer Frank said. "We actually met at my "We try to do our grocousin's birthday party in cery shopping on Sundays 1958, but we didn't realize and plan for leftovers. We it until years later," said always sit down together Julie Frank. as a family to eat. It may "Howard grew up three not be somebody else's houses from my cousin, idea of a complete meal, but I didn't know it. We but it works for us. We met as adults a few years schedule our lives around ago on a blind date. Marty. We could have a Howard's mother, Doro- different lifestyle if I thy, and my friend, Karen didn't work, but I have Pollak, arranged the date. chosen to work. I'm not a "After we were married, stay-at-home mom. It's my cousin found the pic- not my personality." ture from the birthday!" Marty has been in day Howard Kaplan and Ms. care since he was three Frank have been married months old, his father said. for almost seven years. "Just before his third They are the parents of birthday, we were at a Marty, three, and are both wedding in Santa Barbara. full-time attorneys, as well As the bridal couple was as full-time parents. making kiddush, Marty Ms. Frank, an attorney began to recite the bracha with the firmi Frank and with the bride and groom! Gryva, is a graduate of We were stunned. We had Creighton Law School. no idea he knevv it. What "One of the main rea- this says to us is the fact sons 1 affiliated with Ms. that we are both working Gryva is because she is a has had a positive impact single parent. She under- on his Jewish education stands that 1 need to be and his Jewish identity beflexible in my schedule because of his being at the cause of Marty." JGC day care. Mr. Kaplan who earned "He can't wait to go to his law degree at Washing- the synagogue. He knows ton University in St. all the young kids from the Ixtuis, holds a master's de- day care service," Ms. gree in taxation from Frank said, adding, "We George Washington Uni- go to the synagogue more versity. He is affiliated than we used to. We feel with McGill, Gotsdiner, that it's important." Workman and Lepp. She said they go fre"Flexibility is really the quently on Shabbat mornkey," Mr. Kaplan stated. ing, as well as for special "You cannot plan' your programs. day. It starts in chaos and "The Beth El Early it ends in chaos. There is Childhood Development absolutely no time. It just committee has. put on kind of happens There's some wonderful programs not much room for error. If this year." lU are very rigid in your She pointed out that for ledule, you're in trou- Succot, Marty made a te." . bumblebee to hang in the Ms. Frank walks two Succah and that everytime mornings a week wjth a they go to Beth El, he friend at 5 a.m, her hus; wants, to see his bee. band gets up at 6 a.m. At the Havdalah social, "By 7;16 a.m., Marty he danced and had a great and I are in the car headed time. out to West Omaha for "The truth is that he day care at the JCC. We knows more people than all get home around d we do! Kabbi Drazen is p.m.," said Mr. Kaplan. wonderful about allowing "1 \n sure there are peo- the young kids to be inle who are more or- volved The kids feel com-

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Julie Frank, Marty, and Howard Kaplan. Julie holds their dog, Romeo. fortable and at home in the sanctuary. This really is a big change fr^m the olden days." Mr. Kaplan said Marty's involvement in the JCC Preschool and Day Care has caused the family to have increased ritual observance at home. "We celebrate the holidays. We let Marty share and participate in all the rituals. For Hanukkah we bought him a little menorah with Velcro flames. He 'lit' his 'candles' every night. For Tu B'Shevat he brought home a tzedakah box. We have ftechov Sumsum (Sesame Street) videos and he loves them. "We both feel that Marty is extremely fortunate. Sometimes, he 'escapes' to see his grandmother (Dorothy Kapl^l in the Federation Ubrary. On weekends, he wants to be at the 'J.'" Ms. Frank said, "My father told roe that 1 could be anything that I wanted to be, I chose this role. The only other role model for me i.i my m«th«>r ''ii">

Passover Greetings

thing that I see, which is very different, is that I don't have time to be active in organizations like she did. She is a charter member of Omaha section NCJW. For years she worked in the Thrift Shop. I remember when she went to a national convention. Instead of working, she was able to use her time to help the community. "1 know that Jewish women who have chosen tp do volunteeiF work get tremendous satisfaction that I miss out on. I just don't have the time. There are a lot of talented Jewish women who, at one time, would have been the leaders of volunteer Organizations, but today, they are working instead. I would, Julie Frank and Howard Kaplan at her cousin's birthlike to be more active, but day ceiebratioD, 1956. at this point in my life, I just don't know how to do share the household re- Bubbe and. Zayde's for It." sponsibilities completely. lunch, She explained that their We couldn't do it otber"We make a special eflifestyle impacts upon her wiae." fort on the weekends to do husband's time to be able Marty's grandparents things for lyiarty. He i^ beto serve in the communit y are Sam and Elaine Potts ginning to ice skate, in adas well. of Santa Barbara, Calif., dition to his swimming. "He proiiai'iy IB iidl and Marvin and Dorothy . We ore always together, nearly as active aa he Kaplan of Omaha. Sun- even if it's just sitting at rould be because he is days ore spent in swim- home with him." his parhulping me at home. We ming lesions, then over to ents said.

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Search on for 'lost owners' of Israeli property By Mark Frankel (Copyright 1991, Jewish Telegraphic Agency, Inc.) NEW YORK—Skyrocketing real estate prices have triggered a worldwide search for Israel's "lost" landowners. Although Jews have been reclaiming the land of Israel for most of this century, there is plenty left to reclaim by owners who may not know they own it or cannot find it, Martin Sivin explained in an interview with the Jewish Telegraphic Agency recently. He estimated the unclaimed land's worth at between $60 million and $70 million at current prices. Sivin, a lawyer for the Israel Development Co., displayed a map of central' Israel showing the densely populated Tel Aviv, Riahon le-Zion and Holon areas. The map showed them to be heavily built up and crisscrossed with roads. But Sivin'pointed to white patches on the map. "This is vacant, undeveloped, because we don't know who [eally owns it," Sivin said.?l There are two types of "lost" landowners, he said. The first type is the descendent of an original landowner and doesn't know it. The second knows about the inherited claim but can't find the land or the deed; sometimes the land doesn't exist. "The first type has land but no owner, and the second type has an owner but no land," Sivin elucidated. He figured that about 70 percent of the "lost" landowners fall into the first category. "No other nation in the world has such a problem of minorities living outside the homeland," he observed. The ownership of the lands were lost because some people never told their children about it or did not report ownership of lands abroad for tax purposes, he said. Some Americans are descendants of Jews who owned land but were killed in the Holocaust. Trying to locate all of the "lost" landowners in the United States, he has identified over 400 so far, with the aid of a database. "The heirs of the original owners are hard to find,' he said. "We're combing the country for these people." Land sold in Palestine under Turkish rule was regisred by a system called Tabu which was retained until i960. "A person could register land without any identification. This makes my job very problematic," Sivin said. Back in the late 1920B and early 1930s, emissaries

from official Zionist groups and private real estate sometimes the property was a strip of beach, or under agents sold lands in Palestine to Jews all over the world. water. The overwhehning number of legitimate lots were Bundles of properties were so|d to people in Berlin, Kiev, Johannesburg, Teheran, Iraq and other large Jew- small and unsuitable for any but agricultural use. But ish centers, Sivin said. In the United States the main "rezoning is very-complicated and nearly impossible," group selling land in' the Holy Land was the Menorah according to Sivin. Group, He estimates that 90 percent of the properties sold Most of the American purchasers were motivated by were zoned at the time for agriculture. Zionist dreams and religious tradition, Sivin believes. "The Talmud says that it's a mitzvah to own an estate . Although the property prices did not rise as much as in Israel. Buying property in Israel also Was their way some would have liked, land is still a precious commodity in Israel, the lawyer noted. of helping to make the Jewish state a reality." Demand is high mainly because of people who want Most of the land sold to American Jews consisted oi parcels averaging about 200 square yards in Holon, to utilize the land or speculators who buy as a hedge south of Tel Aviv. There were also properties purchased against inflation. Soviet Glim are having a small but insignificant in Afula, Jerusalem, Migdal and Tel Aviv, Sivin said that most of the land was zoned for agricul- impact on the price of land. The process of proving ownership is difficult because ture but was advertised as slated for rezoning. He produced a letter to a customer in July 1922 from the lax old system of registry "invites crooks." A claimant must now submit a probate will or an order the Migdal Garden Villa, Inc. describing a property bought in Migdal. The letter said, "We trust that in the of succession to prove descendance and get an affidavit near future you will be in a position to build a house on from an Israeli resident citing that the original owner it, to live there and plant a garden around it and enjoy did in fact purchase the land. Sivin said it was tough but satisfying to match up its fruits," Nine years later another letter to the American Con- . descendants with claims. "When there is an owner, the sulate in Jerusalem described the same land as only lands can be properly utilized. That benefits Israel as well." "suitable for agriculture." It is also easier to rezone laiid if all of the owners can The Migdal village told the buyer's daughter three years later to donate the land to the Jewish National get together, he said. In early June, the Israeli Justice Ministry rezoned 50 Fund. It was seized by the Israeli government in 1955. "For many Americans buying land in Israel was a real acres of land in Beer Nabala, near Jerusalem, for resideneconomic tragedy," Sivin said. The lots would usually tial use by several Iraqi Jews. Those people were descendants of landowners who lost go for $5,000-$15,000. "That was a lot of money in those their records in a 1931 pogrom, Sivin sfud, adding that days." But most people did not even know what they were "it was a 70- year dream come true." Sivin said the same thing could happen if groups of buying. "In those days there was no fax, no phone, nobody to American claimants got together. But so far that is not ,. check the properties—they didn't know who, what or happening. He said most of the landowners are found in individwhere." ual cases, and that 99 percent of all people who discover Sivin told a joke about naive Americans buying land that they own land sell it within weeks. Usually the land near the Haifa Opera House. There is no Haifa Opera is bought by farmers or businesspeople. If you think you may own land in Israel, Martin Sivin House, he said, neither then nor today. In many cases, Sivin said, Americans were duped. can be reached at the Israel Development Co., 645 Fifth Most heard about the properties from agents who were Avenue (East Wing, Sixth Floor), New York, New York, selling the land. Sometiines the sales were legitimate. 10022 or telephone (212) 371-8632.

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BBC series looks at 20th Century, picks synagogue in California

By Tom Tugend LOS ANGELES (JTA)-An extended exploration of a Jewish congregation in Beverly Hills will serve as the pilot program in an ambitious BBC series on "The United States at the End of the 20th Century." After a month of interviewing and shooting at and around Temple Emanuel, a Reform synagogue, producer Richard Maidment has ah-eady changed some of his assumptions. A conunon belief abroad, he said, is that American Jews "are a self-conscious community out to create the impression of assimilation in an attempt to obliterate their (religious) past." The actual situation'is quite different, admitted Dr. Maidment, who heads the co-production by the BBC and Britain's Open University. Maidment, who is Jewish, also serves on the faculty of social sciences at the Open University. "American Jews are much more assertive than Jews in the U.K. or any country in Europe," he told reporter Ari Noonan of the Jewish Weekly Heritage. "I have seen an incredible number of Jews here who are just plain proud of being Jewish,'' Maidment added. "It is extraordinary how young people see absolutely no tension between being Jewish and being American. And they don't make any attempt to hide the fact they are Jewish." , Indeed, Maidment suggested, Professor Alan Dershowitz, who in his controversial book, "Chutzpah," exhorted American Jews to play a more assertive.role on the American scene, would be more to the point in addressing his polemic to British Jews. Maidment arrived at his viewpoint after four intensive weeks fdming at Sabbath services, day-school and religious-school classes, an adult Bat Mitzvah, in congregants' homes and at meetings of havurot, or small, self-study groups. He shot 15-20 hours of film, including long discussions with Stephen Robbins, the senior rabbi at Temple Emanuel, who received his university degrees in American Jewish history, specializing in the dynamics of assimilation.

Questions validity of melting pot

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The BBC's search, which led to Beverly Hills, started with the topic of ethnic identity in America and questioned whether the concept of the 'melting pot" wto still a valid one. Maidmeilt decided to use the Jewish community, as the minority with the longest history of assimilation, as the test case. After arriving in Lpa Angeles, he selected Temple Emanuel as his "laboratory." In his interviews with the BBC, Robbins spelled out his belief that the melting pot model had been replaced by "structural asaimilation," in which the Jewish community has retained its Jewish core but within an American lifestyle. The fusion of the two, Robbins saidt was illuatrated by the quettion ht put to his congreganta on whether they considered themaelvea Americana tint or Jews first. A few opted for "American " and another handful for "Jewish," but a large majority found the question irrelevant. "Most felt that being American and being Jewish was one and the same, that the two complemented each other," Robbins said. The next evolutionary stage, he predicted, will be the devebpraent of a distinctive Amarican Judaism, "whoee content will be iibefal but the style will be traditional, with emphasis on the mitzvot." Robbins lauded a propoeal by the Robin Spiro Institute for a seriea of dialogviea betwaao American and Brit Ish Jews tA MabUlh direct tiM tmoag Diaspora communities, complementing the exiating links running tjirough Iirael. The seriae will consiat of eight 60-minute aegroenta. An edited version of the pilot program is to be ready in April, after which the BBC crew will return to Los AngelM to film aeven more •agBMats on varioua aspects of Amirican life, , The producer! eipect that the entire aeries, will be broadcast in Britain ind the United SUtes. and pouibly other countriea, toward the end of 1993. The series will be retranamitted oo BBC2 u part of an American Studies couree t^ the Open University, to start In I9M.

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By Shane Kotok, MS, CSW Director of Social Services Bureau for the Ag^ng I'll call him Sam. He worked 60-plus hours a week in his own retail business. He always talked about how he couldn't wait to sell his business and retire. He imagined retirement as an answer to all his problems. Then there's Joe. Like his friend Sam, he also worked long hours in his small business. He loved his work and didn't count the days until his retirement. In their late 608, both Sam and Joe sold their businesses and entered the world of the retired: Sam, who always said, "I can't wait to get out of this rat-race," soon became disillusioned and depressed with his new found freedom. Joe—several months after leaving his work—awoke each morning with curiosity and excitement in anticipation of what the day would hold for him. There were few outward differences between Sam and Joe. Both had loving families, financial security and good health. What could explain why Sam's retirement was so difficult and Joe's was so delightful? As a counselor, I frequently see these strikingly contrasting reactions to retirement. There are no absolute rules to predict hew any one person will deal with retirement. However, some people like Sam have extremely high and often unrealistic expectations for retirement. Sam's pre-retirement fantasies were impossible to sustain on a day-to-day basis. Once the "honeymoon" of the first few months passed, Sam experienced real disenchantment that the reality did not measure up to his years of anticipation. Joe's approach was more realistic. Joe saw retirement . not as a complete break with his working years but as a continuation of a fulfilling life. Though Sam and Joe both worked hard, Joe was more successful during his working years in bringing a balance to his life with time for family, spiritual growth and community involvement. Sam put everything on hold until "some day when 1 retire." When "some day" came, he was unsure how he should deal with it. Many people, like Sam, can benefit from post-retirement counseling. The special dividend of being a geriatric counselor is the opportunity to learn from my knowledgeable, experienced-in-life clients. When I listen to the individuals reflect on their lives, I realize each has traveled a unique personal journey. The individual who often seems most content in retirement is the person whose philosophy throughout life was to enjoy and savor all his or her life-long experiences. Sam Was so concerned with reaching retirement that he failed to take advantage of the opportunities along the way. His adjustment to his long, sought-after goal was hampered because he had not learned how to enjoy th^ moment. Joe cultivated a love for the present early in his journey. He viewed his life in retirement as he had viewed his life during his working years. Joe had created a balance to his life during his working years that sustained him in retirement.

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A lesson in doing - for oneself, for ottiers By Bert Lewis If the topic to be dealt with is career change or volunteerism, one of the people to qualify for consideration is former Omahan Gertrude Sladnick. She has made Los Angeles her home for most of her adult life; it's where she add her husband George raised their family. Hers is an interesting story, perhaps because it's a lesson in doing something for oneself while doing for others. Women of her generation (let's just say she's in her seventh decade) usually worked briefly, married and then stayed home to have kids. She worked, married and continued for some length of time. When the first of two daughters arrived, she left the outside work place and devoted herself to parenting. Someplace along the way, she decided her education had been inadequate. She enrolled in a local jimior college and completed courses which changed some preconceived notions. She discovered that mathematics and numbers were not necessarily her nemesis; she conquered old fears and learned that she could, in fact, excel in this area. This renewed confidence must have had much to do with her re-entry into the business world. Soon she was back "in the office, going to work every day, all day. This part of her story is told only as one element of her history. She continued imtil the usual retirement age, when she did indeed, retire. Suddenly, there was free time to be filled. After a ce^ tain amount of searching, synagogue activity began to open the doors to her new world. The time filler was to be in volunteer work and Gertrude was an enthusiastic, tireless candidate. Sisterhood became more than a word... the synagogue sisterhood became an integral part of her life. The assignments she accepted were many and her performance was always worthy of praise. She chaired for some years, something we here in Omaha would find unusual, as a committee. It was called the Bereavement Committee and functioned the way groups of friends do in our community; they organize and prepare food, set the table and look after mourners following a funeral. Gertrude's California community was too large to depend on such a simple procedure, so the synagogue sisterhood took it on as a project. Gertrude held this chair for a number of seasons, even though it was not a job filled, with laughter and good tiroes, but one that needed doing. All the while other tasks were taken on and completed, for the good of all. The group called Sisterhood had a willing as well as capable worker. She cam6 up in the ranks, became well known, and held office. She was Well known, I'm certain, as one to ask when a tough job needed filling. As in the plaiming and programming of the adult education department of her large congregation. . One year, she and George took on that job as a team,. majcing contacts, calling, planning, being accepted, being refused and disappointed, doing everything that must be done to activate such a program. For a synagogue with a membership of 1500 families or more. And someplace during Ihese busy years, she studied

Interested parties were invited to apply and upon acceptance were to take a rigorous course of study. Completion of the training would qualify that person as a counselor. It was, not incidentally, the same course of study taken by any matriculating student who expected a degree upon fulfilling all requirements. Of additional interest to our story is this fact. Because the training was several years in duration and of such obvious import, there were guidelines and qualifications for prospective candidates. One wad age, and Gertrude was over the maximum. Undoubtedly, because of her past history of performance, exceptions were made and she was accepted. She enrolled, studied and graduated. She is an active participant currently; she is assigned clients and sees them on a regular, professional schedule. I can't say exactly how many years'she has been active in this, but I believe it must be close to a decade. As stated earlier, I'm doing this from memory because a one-on-one interview wasn't possible. For one thing, she's in L.S, and secondly, I doubt she would have agreed.. I've taken this liberty anyway because I believe her story belongs here. Objectivity is generally considered a necessary ingredient for a story such as this, only it isn't possible for me to be anything but subjective, because Gertrude Sladnick is my aunt. When I was a little girl, I can remember wanting to be just like her. To do things exactly as she did them. She was the "flapper" of my dreams. Well the flapper grew into A splendid woman... one who learned how to give of herself, generously. To tell the truth. I still hope that when I grow up, I'll be just like her. and prepared for the Bat Mitzvah she didn't have at age 13. (It wasn't being done THAT year.) She completed the requirements and enjoyed the experience of standing on the bimah and celebrating the joyous event. Another happy time on that same bimah came for her when she was honored by her sisterhood in a kind of "this is your life" surprise affair. It must be understood, this special honor came to a precious few who earned it. (Because I'm doing this story from memory, there may be errors in the chronological order of some events, but the details are correct. I mention this since the following part of the story has so much significance.) Perhaps the most ambitious project undertaken by this energetic woman, was one at which she is still very active. She is a paraprofessional in the.counseling service provided and initiated by her synagogue. This needs a little explanation. The program was introduced as a sorely. needed adjunct to the duties of the rabbi and his professional staff. As in any congregation, there was never enough time to see all who wanted or needed to be seen, advised or counceled for some personal problem. Tfaos the concept of the paraprofessional program was introduced; it was publicized to attract the attention of possible recruits.

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April 17, 19S2

The Silly Putty Chasene (Wedding)

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mother of King David. But conversion isn't the only outcome of a mixed union.

By EUen Golub

^^ She had quit smoking several years ago, but MoUie was at it again, puffing nervous rings of nicotine and drinking black coffee at my sister-in-law's kitchen table. "How did it happen?" she asked Roz. "Remember we used to light the candles every Friday night? And didn't we send him to Hebrew school?—He was the best student in his class. He was on the honor roll every term. Remember?" Roz nodded, but she had little consolation to offer for her friend's sorrows. Roz was on Easy Street, Jewishly speaking. Her two older children were married to Jews and her youngest was engaged to one. "Look. It happens, MoUie."

Indeed, the question suggested by manying out of the faith is not just bringing home an outsider or traumatizing one's aging parents. With intermarriage occurring in one half of all Jewish marriages today, the real question becomes the relevance of Judaism to one's life. Until 100 years ago (for the past 5,600*) Judaism was a way of life, a system of thought and custom that governed everjrthing from the food we ate to the clothes we wore. Judaism taught us how to think about right and wrong. It occupied our every moment withmitzvot, ceremonies and rituals. It provided our mamaloshen and our fatersprach. Judaism was the lens—the only lensthrough which we saw the world.

"I was the one who told him, 'Go down to the Jewish Center. Participate in some activities. You'll meet people. Go.' " Mollie lit up again, "But I never thought he'd meet a Christian girl there. You could have knocked me . over with a feather, Rozzy, when he told me it was my suggestion."

If 1 listen to the demographers, 1 must conclude it likely that at least one of my children will bring home a non-Jewish spouse. At least one will be caught up in the dilemma of one person giving up his/her faith or living in a house divided. I would not balk at a converted sppuse, because Judaism instructs us to honor the convert. We remember that Ruth was so fine and noble a woman that she was blessed with becoming the grand-

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But today, the people who view Judaism as a central force in their lives are a minority. For most, Judaism is more hobby than dogma, more social class than way of life. "Judaism is whatever you want it to mean," one college freshman quoted her rabbi to me. Her view is shared by many, who naively believe that they can bend, stretch, distort, contort, and reshape it at wilL "I'm Jewish, so whatever I say or do is Jewish, too," says my creative college student.

I watched this poignant scene as if from the balcony of a theJ^ter. My children are still small, and my fantasies for them still intact. Of course, they will marry Jews, I tell myself, forming another link in an unbroken chain over 5,000 years long. It's a happy dream, reifying my own life's choices. But is irrealistic?

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Judaism likened to Silly Putty Alas, perhaps it is the tragic circumstance of Judaism as Silly Putty— an infinitely flexible toy that we can take out and put away at our leisure—that has Mollie weeping at Roz's table. I want to tell her that her son's choice of a gentile spouse is not what's broken in American Judaism. It is only the symptom. But I am only a fly on the wall in Roz's kitchen, watching, listening and thinking. And I am no doctor—or rabbi or gaon (sage). Just an American Jewish mother who wants to dance at her children's chasene.

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"Children are the greatest blessing... II By Susan Paley, staff writer "I always think of my grandmother," Mrs. Mendel Katzman said. "She had 14 children and was on the run in Russia during the war. There was no dishwasher, no washing machine. Whenever I feel pressed for time, I say to myself: how can I complain?" Rabbi and Mrs. Katzman have five children, all girls. Rabbi Katzman's daily job is to bathe the children. Whenever he's home, it's bath time. He also mows the lawn and helpd with the grocery shopping. "I can change a Pamper in 30 seconds," Rabbi Katzman said. Mrs. Katzman added that children are the greatest blessing a person can. have. "As with wealth, the richer you are, the richer you want to be," she said, explaining that managing has a lot to do with attitude. Practically speaking, she said, it's a lot more work, tending to everybody's needs. Instead of turning everyday life into a frustrating experience, the Katzmans opt to focus on the needs of the child, rather than the situation. "I am only one person with two hands," Mrs. Katzman said. "I can only address the needs of one child at a time. I always say to the kids that they are the most special people in the'world, that I will take care of them; it just might not be at the moment they would like it to be." She makes 9ure to let the children know that

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Rabbi Katzman also has an ongoing prison and hospital chaplaincy and has outreach to many places in Nebraska. His schedule allows him the flexibility to help with the family, ^rs Katzman says that she knows she can always count on him for whatever she needs. Mrs. Katzman is the director of Torah Tots, an enrichment program for preschoolers. "We started in a basement Classroom with three children. The program has grown to encompass 20 children in a facility of its own," she said. The cvrriculum includes Hebrew, holidays, learning about the weekly Torah portion, and studying about various mitzvahs. "We do things m a very down-to-earth way relating to each child. We bake, use finger paint, and do art projects. We use the whole child in an attempt to experience Judaism," Mrs. Katzman said.

"Shani's grandmother did not go to school Schools for girls did not exist in Europe, but she still had a very thorough Jewish education. "Today, girls are learning just as much as boys in schools. The entire system of learning is different today—modem educational ideas (hands-on experiences, cooperative learning) haVe been incorporated into the Jewish educational curriculum, but it's still the same Chumash."

they are her first priority. Rabbi Katzman stated in an interview that although society has undergone certain attitudinal adjustments, it's really just cosmetic. Mrs. Katzman explained that family life has always been central to Judaism. "We try to spend a lot of time with our chikiren. We listen to them. All the great educators tell us that consistency is the strongest tool we can use to get our message as par^

ents across to our kids. When you live a life devoted to To'rah and Mitzvahs, your family life is consistent. Your children know that you are there for them. Quality time is built into a religious life in terms of Shabbos and holidays." Rabbi Katzman is director of Chabad of Nebraska. A typical day for him includes davening and a set program of study. He maintains regular classes with various people in the community and his days

are filled with appointments. "We are constantly looking for new and innovative ideas for programs. We try to be creative on an ongoing basis. We have worked closely with Jewish Family Service to help with the Russian resettlement, including a model seder last year. I grew up speaking Russian at home. My language skills enable me to communicate with the Russians on a very personal basis "

She is a certified teacher firom the Board of Jewish Education in New York. She has had teaching experience at the elementary, high school and college levels. In addition to Jewish studies, she has also taught general studies. Mrs. Katzman has just authored a book for young children which will he published soon. "My primary enjoyment is to be with my children, to watch their development. However, I also enjoy shopping, going to parties, the theater, and art.

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PASSOVER Friday, April 17 Services ...:,., 5:30p.m. Rabbi Azriel and Cantor Webber-GiJat will officiate at this early Passover Eve/Shabbat service. Saturday, April 18 Passover Morning Service 11.15 a.pi. Congregational Seder '. 6 p'm. Conclusion of Passover Thursday, April 23 Evening Service 5 p.m. Friday, April 24 Morning Service and Yizkor 11:15 a m . ADULT EDUCATION April 23, Israel; Past and Present, 9:30-10:3Q a.m April 23, Adult B'nai Mitzvah, 10:30-12:30 p.m. FOOD FOR THOUGHT April 21, brown bag luncheon. Rabbi Azriel will lead the discussion, 11:30-1 p.m. L'CHAIM...TOLIFE April 26, brown bag luncheon at 12:30 p.m. Linda Resse, MSW, will speak at 1. Community is invited.

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PASSOVER The Rose Blumkin Home will have Seders the first and second nights of Passover, April 17 and 18, in the Jewish Community Center Auditorium. The residents and staff of the Rose Blumkin Home invite the families, volunteers and friends of the residents to attend services on Shabbat. Friday. April 17 First Seder 6 p.m. Saturday, April 18 Services 9 a.m. Second Seder 6 p.m. Sunday, April 19 Services ....:.•..:,.. 9 a.m. Monday, April 20 Services ..,, 9 a.m. Tuesday, April 21 Services -, 9 g^, Wednesday, April 22 Services d a.m Thursday, April 23 Services 9am Friday. April 24 Services 9 a „, Saturday, April 25 Se'^'^s 9 a.m. Yiskor 10:30 a.m.

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7:15 a.m. 6pm •• f •

Saturday. April 18 Erev Pesach Shacharit Second Seder

9:30 a.m.

Sunday.April 19 Shacharit Second Day Pesach Friday. April 24 Evening Service Saturday, April 25 Shabbat Pesach (Yizkor)

9:30 a.m. 8 p.m. 9:30 a.m.

B'nai Israel PASSOVER Saturday, April 18 Simple Seder-a potluck dinner and Passover Seder will take place at 5 p.m. at the synagogue. For information call Marti Nerenstone at 323-9504. Friday, April 24 Shabbat service at 7:30 p.m. B 'nai Mitzvah of Joanna and Jed Moss. Passing through Passover led by Rabbi Shulewitz. Saturday, April 25 Twilight service at 7:30 p.m. B'nai Mitzvah of Jed and Joanna Moss. Sunday, April 26 Community brunch at 9:30 a.m. at the synagogue; Honoring the Past, Looking toward the Future.

PASSOVER Friday. April 17 No chanjetz may be eaten after 10:03 a.m. Chametz to be burned by 11:10 a.m. Public burning of chametz in Beth Israel parking lot. 10:45 a.m. Fast morning of the first born Syum . 6:30 a m Evening Service 7.45 p.^' Congregational Seder led by Rabbi Urkowitz following evening services. Saturday. April 18 Morning Service ;8;46 am Evening Service 7.45 p^, Congregational Seder led by Rabbi Urkowitz, 8:30 p.m. Sunday, April 19 Morning Service 8.45 ^j^ Evening Service 7:50 p.m. Choi Hamoed April 20, 21, 22 & 23 Morning Services 7 a.m Evening Services ... 7:50 p.m. Concluding days of Passover Thursday. April 23 Evening Service 7.50 p.^ Friday, April 24 Morning Service 8:45 a.m Evening Service.. 7 p^ Saturday, April 25 Morning Service . 8:45 a.m. Yizkor Service 11 am Evening Service 7:50 p.m

El Synagogue

•^ PASSOVER ^ Friday, April 17 Siyyum B'khorim t):30 a.m. Shaharit > t):56 a.m. Minha a'ariv 6 p.m. Saturday. April IN Shaharit 9:30 a.m. Minha a'ariv . , 6 p.m. Second Seder FoUoiWng ierviceg Sunday, A|vU 19 Shaharit. 9:30 a.m. Minha a'ariv 8:10 p.m. Monday-rhuiaday, April 20-2.1 Hoi Hamoed maharit e:.W am, Minha a'unv 6:30 p.m. Thunday, April 23 Minha a'ariv 6 p.m Friday, April 24 Shaharit '':») a III Minha a'ariv *) J) 111 ^••luruajr, April 26

Shaharit 9:30 a.m. Minha a'ariv 8:10 p.m. PuMovar anda no •arlitr than 8:36 p7m'. Saturday!

April 25.

Erev Pesach, Micha Maariv First Seder

PASSOVER Friday. April 17 -

Beth Israel Synagogue

Passover candlelighting ! Friday, April 17 Saturday, April 18 Thursday, April 23 Friday, April 24

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7:54 7^65

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Agrljir, 1992

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Cooking the Passover meal

CHOCOLATE FUDGE CAKE

By Naomi Arbit

^^^ (Copywrite 1992, Jewish Telegraphic Agency, Inc.) FOX POINT, Wis.-'Passover is the oldest and most cherished of all the Jewish holidays. Tradition is important in the Jewish kitchen and Passover presents a real challenge for the creative cook who wants to serve varied and delicious meals for eight days. Recipes for the foods served at the seder and the days that follow may be passed from generation to generation, but there is always room for new dishes to carry on the traditions, with these beginnings and endings to a meal.

CHAROSET—Basic Mixture 2 apples finely chopped 1 cup chopped walnuts ^ 2. teaspoons grated lemon rind 2 teaspoons dnnamon, or to taste sugar to taste enough red wine to bind mixture together Mix all ingredients together and season to taste. You may want to double or triple the recipe, (makes 2-3 cups) If desired, add or substitute: chopped dates, figs or apricots, raisins, other kinds of nuts, finely grated ginger, honey, orange juice.

GEFILTE FISH (food processor method) 3 onions 3 carrots I cup chopped celery 2-3 sprigs parsley 1 clove garlic, cut in half 5 pounds trout, filleted and skinned 3 pounds whitefish, filleted and skinned 2 pounds pike, TiUeted and skinned heads (gills removed) and bones from fish 1 teaspoon salt; 1/2 teaspoon white pepper 4 large eggs 2 onions, chopped 3/4 cup matzo meal 1/2 cup water 2 teaspoons salt; I teaspoon white pepper, or to taste. Slice onions and carrots with shcing disc of processor; remove from bowl. Place fish heads and bones in a large heavy stock pot with onions, carrots, celery, garlic, parsley, 1 teaspoon salt and 1/2-teaspoon pepper. Cover with 2 quarts of water; bring to a boil. Cut fish into chunks; process one cup at a time with steel blade until finely ground. Put into a mixing bowl. Repeat with remaining fish. Add remaining ingredients to the work bowl and process until smooth. Add this mixture to the fish and mix thoroughly. Wet hand with cold water and shape mixture into about 32 oval balls. Strain fish stock; return stock to pot and return to a boil. Place bails into boiling stock, keeping them apart slightly. Lower heat; simmer for 2-3 hours. Shake the pot occasionally to keep the balls from sticking. Allow to cool 15 minutes. Using a_ slotted spooh, remove gefilte fish to a refrigerator dhsh and pour the stock ov^r them. It will jell. 'Serve fish with some jellied sauce, sliced carrots land prepared horseradish.

BEA'SHMTZO BALLS cup matzo meal 1/2 teaspoon salt; duh of white p«pp«r (or to taatc) In a small mixing bowl, beat eggi with a whiak until lothy. Pour in meal, salt and pepper; whisk well to' ther. Chill in the refrigerator for I hour. Moisten nds with cold water and shape mixture into walnutl balls. Drop into gently boiling water flavored with itant chicken bouillon. Reduce heat; cover and sim^ n 45 minutes. Transfer with a slotted spoon to hot "cKicken soup ihd serve.

CARROT NUT TORTE

9 ounces semisweet chocolate 6 eggs, separated, at room temperature 7 tablespoons unsalted butter or margarine 3/4 cup sugar 6 eggs, separated 1 cup ground walnuts 2 egg whites 1 cup grated carrots 1 tablespoon cognac, liqueur or brandy 1 tablespoon orange juice or orange brandy 1/2 cup lukewarm water 3/4 cup matzo cake meal 2 tablespoons potato starch 1/2 teaspoon cinnamon optional: unsweetened whipped cream or whipped topIn a bowl, using an electric mixer, beat egg yolks unping for gamishi or powdered sugar. til light, about Senates. Gradually add sugar, beatMelt chocolate and butter or margarine over hot wa- ing until thick and lemon colored. Blend in nuts, carrots ter or in a microwave; let cool. Place egg yolks and the and orange juice; stir in matzo cake meal and cinnamon. 8 whites in separate mixing bowls and let warm to room In another large bowl, using clean beaters, beat egg temperature. Beat the yolks until light in color, mix in whites to stiff peaks. Fold one-quarter of the egg whites the liqueur, and blend into the melted chocolate mixture. into the matzo cake meal to lighten it. Thep fold matzo Stir in the lukewarm water. Beat the egg whites with cake meal mixture into the egg whites. Spoon batter into a pinch of salt until soft peaks form and fold carefully a 9-inch spring-form pan. Bake in a 350-degree oven for into the chocolate mixture. Spoon into a buttered, 40-50 minutes or till tester comes out clean. Place torte dusted'with potato starch, 9-inch springform pan. on rack; allow to cool in pan. Run a thin knife around Bake in a 325-degTee oven for about 25 minutes or un- the edge of the pan; remove side of the pan. Sprinkle til the center of the cake is barely set. Let cool, remove with powdered sugar before serving. from pan and serve with whipped cream or sprinkled powdered sugar, (makes 10 servings)

CHOCOLATE POPPYSEED TORTE FROZEN STRAWBERRY TORTE

6 ounces semi-sweet chocolate 3/4 cup poppy seeds (3 1/2 ounces) 1/4 pound margarine 3/4 cup sugar 6 large eggs, separated 1/3 cup orange marmalade Oil and line the bottom of a 9-inch springform pan with ^axed paper. Oil again and sprinkle with potato starch. Melt chocolate in the top of a double boiler or in the microwave oven. Allow to cool. In a large mixing bowl using an electric mixer, cream margarine and sugar. Add egg yolks, one at a time, beating after each addition. Beat in chocolate. Stir in poppy seeds. In a separate bowl, beat egg whites until stiff peaks from. Stir a small amount of whites into chocolate mixture to lighten it; then gently fold in remaining whites. Spoon into prepared pan. Bake at 350 degrees 40 to 50 minutes or until a toothpick inserted near center comes out almost clean and top is cracked and crusty. A little bit of chocc^late on toothpick means cake will be moist and fudgy. Do not overbake. Remove to rack; cool 10 minutes. Invert pan on rack and pull off paper. Cool completely. Chill first; then cut cake in half horizontally. Place top layer, cut side up,-on serving plate lined with waxed paper. Spread with marmalade. Set bottom layer smoothest side up on top. May be frosted or sprinkled with powdered sugar. Freezes well, (serves 10)

Macaroon Nut Crust: 1 1/2 cups macaroon crumbs 2 tablespoons margarine, melted 1/2 cup chopped walnuts or pecans In a food processor with metal blade, process macaroons and margarine until coarsely ground. Add nuts; process until mixture begins to hold together. Press into the bottom of a I0x3'inch springform pan. Bake at 375 degrees 7 to 10 minutes or until golden. Cool. Filling: 2 egg whites, at room temperature 1 cup sugar 2 cups sliced strawberries 1 tablespoon lemon juice 1 teaspoon vanilla In the large bowl of an electric mixer, place egg whites, sugar, sliced strawberries, vanilla, and lemon juice. Beat on low speed to blend. Increase to high speed and beat until firm peaks form when beaters are lifted, about 10 to 15 minutes. Spoon into the cool crust. Cover and freeze until firm, at.least 6 hours. Strawberry Sauce: lIKounce package frozen sliced strawberries 3 tablespoons frozen undiluted orange juice concentrate 1 tablespoon currant Jelly I cup fresh strawberries, sliced Slightly defrost strawberries and orange juice concentrate. Puree strawberries and concentrate in food processor with the metal blade. Stir in currant jelly. Spoon into. Naomi Arbit is a syndicateid food columnist and coa bowl and stir in fresh berries. Serve cold. Sauce may author of eight cookbooks. be refrigerated overnight. Serve torte directly from the freezer, as it will not be frozen solid. Cut in wedges and serve with the strawberry sauce, (serves 12) inOMAFLESTREIT .OMAHA. NEHI04

COCONUT MACAROONS . 1 1/3 cups flaked coconut 1/3 cup sugar 3 tablespoons matzo meal dash of salt 2 egg whites 1/2 teupoon Psasover almond flavoring Combine coconut, sugar, matzo meal and salt in a mixing bowl. Stir in egg whites and almond flavoring; mix well. Drop from a teaspoon onto a lightly oiled baking sheet. Bake at 325 degrees for 20 to 25 minutes, or until edgps of cookies are golden brown. Remove from-baking sheet immediately to cool on a rack, (makes about 18)

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they all believe in the work By Sheila Garsombke, ethic, so it has made it staff writer Beth Seldin Dotan, Jew- easy for me, because of ish Community Center their encouragement to Cultural Arts director, has fulfill my dreaii(s," said her cake and can eat it too. Ms. Dotan. The Dotan's daughter How she met and married her husband and fashioned has her day structured in a life of her own design the caring arms of Jewish reads like a story with a Community Center day care workers. "It is a comhappy ending. "My life is what 1 hoped fort for me to have Uatte it would be, only better," across the hall where I can see her. When I came back she said. She and husband Am- to work after a nine-week non Dotan met briefly one maternity leave, and I was summer at a NIFTY camp nursing Liatte, proximity in New York State when made it easier for me to inshe was 16. He was an Is- teract with her." Both Ms. Dotan and raeli representative (shaliach) teaching about Zi- Liatte have not exonism, Israeli history and perienced the high anxiety the nature of Israel. She level many mothers enWas a camper and he was counter when returning to work. Because of the excela, teacher.' They corresponded after lent JCC day care program i wunp ump and were reacquainted and its skilled workers, she she traveled to Israel and Liatte experienced spend her junior year of minimal separation probcollege there. Mr. Dotan lems and have made a told her that he wrote in good adjustment, she said. Admitting that she his diary that "if he were ever to get married, it sometimes has difficulty would be someone like wearing her varied hats, Ms. Dotan claims the key* you." , The couple wed four to making it all work haryears ago, and now have moniously are organizaa daughter, JLi(itte, 20 tion and the ability to maintain a schedule that months old. [' K"'hether she cduW sue- works for everyone in the fully combine career relationship: "I have found that to be marriage has never an issue for her, said a wlU, mother and pursue a career, I have to trust Dotan. e explainad that she other ptofde and baliave in r had ambivairat feel- my own ability to baianca inga about her ability to all lh« conipooants," she juggia h«r caraer and fam- said. She furthw remarked , ily Mcause both her parents, her husband, and her that it waa somewhat in-lawa are excellent role ironic that when Uatte requirea a babyaittar, it it inodab. uaually aomeone from the HIT mothar has an oldbuildlBp raatoratkn busl- JCC environmant. "Thisisralatadtowhcm oaaa and huaband Amnon wu raarad on Kibbutz I know and trust to car* Ayalat Haahachar where for Liatu. Undoubtedly, ha and his pannta both this hon addnd another layer iher workod. nhv "My huaband's parmls hood u..». wsra Israeli pkMMars... sUtwi Kr vjsa^.'X-SJi,

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11 I ,11 M I ,1 Book review- Planning new strategy Note: Andrea Orofe, the autiwr, ta the daughter of Ovtbana Pearl ud Jerry Groaa. Ska gradaatad from Caalral High Sciioal aod Northwaetera Ualveraity, Ken and SiieUey Casaie ware in thair aariy 60a whan they radgned from tbdriacura podUona M high Khool teachara. Now Ken mikea pottary ud Mr«, Cusie ar rangM altowinga at craft ftirt and apacial event*. Kinney Thieie was 44 when she quit her t2<3,000-e-year job u a reaearch anaiyat ao that the could go to Africa with tha Paaca Corpa. ' Jim and Carlene Paaia werr - ' -- inta 40a whaalia Mceptad an e«rly ratireinani >• large corporation, and itartad a buiineaa oi lua own. Whather (oread by today'• acooomy to make changMi thay had not anticipated, or juat intanatad in finding caram that ara laaa praaaurad or mon fulfilling, more and more Amarkana in thair 40a. 60t, and avaa 60a are optisc for • aaw lifaatyla. Many paopia art trying Boow uiag aa^-rMgii^ (ram toiiiiUc antnpnDaitrt to Aill'

Pag* 37

Niece celebrates aunt's 100th

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time leiaure enthuaiaats-and moat echo the worda of Mr. Thlaia, who decided "to have a midlife adventure inataad o( a midlKe criait." SUttiaf Getn; Plmamiag t Ntw StnUegy for Mldilft (Crown Plibliahara, 1902), tella the stories of some of theae people in 14 profilea, and givea aound advice on how to tirepare for the third ataga of lif^ tha period that (oUowB chiMhood and the early rat race, but pracedea the rocking chair yeara. 8Ulti»t Oaan preaenU apedfic exardaee that explain tha prooata of "raatyling,' exerdaaa that can help in for the finandal, aodal. and piychdogical adjuatntanta involved in a drutic change of pace. "Whather you are draamiag of laaviag your current occupatir>r< rnaking altanativa plua in the event ofalayoi an ba a time of (readom and oppor tunity," expitinis Andrea Oroaa, author of ShUttrng Omn. ''Whan I wu intarviawin« adulta who had 'ahifted,' their axdtameDt for thaIr future waa palpable. It'i a faailag moat of ua kiae after tha age of 21 "

On Feb. 12., Sarah, the first daughter of Abraham and Claire Spellman, weighed in at four pounds in Perry, Iowa. The Spellmans had left Bessarabia in 1891, shortly after their wedding, and came to the United States to be with Spellman's sister. Eight years later, with two daughters and three sons, the Spellmans moved to Hastings, Neb., where the father, a peddler, soon started the Nebraslja Iron and Metal Company using his bam as an office. The Nebraska Jewish Historical Society obtained a copy of a letter Abe Spellman wrote in 1906 to tiie Industrial Removal Or ganization in New York seeking two Jewish immigrant men to work for him in his business where he speciaUzed in scrap-iron me tals, rags, bones and old rubber in a location at 313 Hastings avenue. In those years, during which Aunt Sarah's youngest and only surviving.3ister, Leah, was bom 84 years ago, the children received their grade-school education, the three boys were bar mitzvahed, and the parents struggled to maintain a kosher home (meat from Chicago) and observe Jewish holidays and Shabbat. Jewish travelers coming through Hastings always stayed with them, according to Aunt Sarah. She learned to play the piano and joined a band of seven young people playing for the silent movies. Instead of high school, she attended a technical school where she learned typing and secretarial skills.

One-bundred-y ear-old Sarah Spellman with a photo of herself as a child. Uncle Abe had also been in Nebraska, in Omaha as early as 1905 shortly after arriving in the United States from Odessa, Russia, and even before my father, Max Arbitman, had arrived here. He came to be with relatives but dashed away suddenly when it seemed they were arranging a marriage with someone not to his Uking. He settled in San Francisco, obtained a license to peddle, and stayed there until after the great earthquake when he moved to Portland and opened the New York Outfitting Company,

On Feb. 12, my aunt About 1913, the family ' Sarah Spellman Arbitman moved to Portland, Ore., celebrat^ her 100th birthwhere they had another rela- day at the Robison Home tive. The father said it was for the Aged where she has because he did not want his lived for the oast 14 years. children to marry out of the She still exercises every Jewish faith, and he feared morning, plays bingo and that would happen in a loves to win, sc(X)t8 through small town. the halls with her walker, and complains of boredom in the evening because "ail the old ladies have akeady "Sarah dear, gone to bed."

have I told you today that I love you?'

When Sarah was 46, and my uncle, Abe Arbitman, was 56, they met. Both had lost thair first apouaee. They subaequently spent 42 years together in a truly blissful marriage. Several tiniea a day Unde Abe would say to his beloved Sarah. "Sarah dear, havi today thatilov.. (lied 11 years ago in Portland following a atroke at the age of 97. Until he waa 9ft he woukl spend each aumroar collecting paat due accounta for the Jewiah Federation of Portland.

1 had the great honor of joinmg with her relatives and dozens of friends and Home residents to share hw glorious birthday party, complete with a gigantic chocolate birthday cake which the Home management inaisted on aerving "because we love her so much " Sharing that special moment will bo o nifitinry I will cherish .|)eciaily do i M unt Sarah turnin ler and me after i witbaapkrki that do not rx "Do you real! old? I don't (eel old I' Her aiatar and I laughed hard enough to be heard through the halla of the Robiaonl

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By Sheila Garsombke, staff writer "1 want to use my position as director of the older adult program to provide an opportunity for adults to remain active through a variety of programs designed to strengthen skills, and expand knowledge in a supportive and comfortable environment," said Amy Potash. One misconception that the community at large might have is that the needs of older adults become minimized, Ms. Potash said, adding that a more comprehensive menu is heeded'wherein older adults can live independently for as long as possible. "This goal is reachable if we realize the celebration of life is as important as the primary needs of maintaining life. We must take care of basic health and wellness issues, while at the same time allow older adults to continue to grow aa people: We should not be threatened by the aging process, as we will oil become « part of that process." Three programs: Young Energetic Seniors (Y.E.S.), the Old Timers, and WalkIn Drop-In me«t several times monthly. Y:E.S. irteets every Monday and Thursday, from 10:30 a.ni.-2 p.m., al the Jewish Community Center. Its programs include social and cultural activities and English

classes for immigrants. The Old Timers club meets twice monthly and, provides discussions, a hot Kosher lunch and speaker. Door-toiioor transportation can be arranged through the Bureau for the Aging. Ms. Potash brings to her new position a Masters degree in social work and experience working with families and individuals in crisis in Wisconsin and Israel.

"I'm trying to reach out beyond the hundreds of people we now serve." "I try to take a holistic approach to my work. I have been trained to assess and identify individual as well as group needs," she said. • • In order to provide quality programs, Ms. Potash requires ii\pul and volunteers from the conununity. "I am trying to reach out to people besides the several hundred we presently serve," she said. The wants to implement programs which focus on staying young through fitness, continuing religious and spiritual, study, arts and crafts workshops, social and mental health workshops as they relate to aging issues

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••• CAfE -•• as this Passover season approaches and we gather, young and old around our Seder tables to hearthe story of deliverance told; as we listen to the four questions, as we raise our cups of wine as the Afikomen is hidden for all the children to find as we share our rich tradition as in each home the Haggadah is read as we dip the bitter herbs, and partake of unleavened bread; we at Kalico's join togethar to send each one pf you

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Cory Kirshenbaum promoted at Jewish Community Center By Susan Paley staff writer Cory Kirshenbaum has been working for the Omaha Jewish Community Center sincQ he was 15 years old when he started in the game room. He then worked as assistant camp director, and youth director. , After 14 years of service, he has been elevated to assistant executive director, the number two spot at the JCC. "I had worked in almost every department of the JCC as a teen-ager," Mr. Kirshenbaum said. "I knew that there were all these kids out there and that there was nothing for them. When the position of camp director opened up, I jumped at the opportunity. I had had a lot of experience working with the kids and I knew that I had a lot of ideas. I was willing to take risks. Even when something fails, it is a learning experience." Mr. Kirshenbaum stated that his primary goal is to make kids feel that the JCC is their home. "I had always heard stories about the old JCC. Everybody felt it was 'home,' I wanted the new building to feel that way, too. There is so much assimilation. We need to get these kids involved on a personal level. I felt thaf I had to get the kids to the 'J.' 1 thought if the kids felt comfortable with Judaism, then maybe they wouldn't look outside for friends." Mr. Kirshenbaum systematically upgraded the entire youth department. He expanded the 'Mom's day out' program to a full five days. The largest growth has been in the 'Kidz Inn' before- and after-school progranL It is operating at full capacity after only two years. The Kid Connection began as an idea to list available programs. "It has turned into a major publication which both kids and adults read," Mr. Kirshenbaum said. "I feel it's important for the kids to know that the^^ have their own special book. The other JCC departments ly on our publication to mote their children's igramming." Even if a child does not ind a particular proam, Mr, Kirshenbaum drawa attention to the JCC through the 'Challenge Questions.' "1 tried to add the personal touch to my job as youth director. I've kept track of the umber of kids I'^ve Out of a potential ,400 kids, I wanted at least 1,000 who had l)een at laaat one program, last count, I had over kids who have had tact with n JCC proam.' m Mr. Kirshenbaum the potitlon of vouth director, ho said that be felt that children .third grade and above were disconnected from (iia'J.'Hewantadtobuild

a solid foundation for the youth department, so he started at the logical place, kindergarten. "Those kids are now entering fifth grade. Many of the kids from the different synagogues didn't know each other. Through participation in the youth department, the kids have made real connections to each other, which, hopefully, wiD follow with them into high school." Mr. Kirshenbaum is the son of Max and Shirley Kirshenbaum. He grew up at Beth El Synagogue, where he followed the family tradition of becoming USY president. "My wife, Marcy Noodell, and I met in USY. I was 16; she was 14. We worked at Camp Herzl together. We dated for nine years; then we got married". The Kirshenbaums served for four

years as USY advisors. Ms. Noodell is a speech therapist at Methodist Hospital. . Mr. Kirshenbaum graduated from the University of Nebraska at Omaha with a degree in elen\entary education. He substituted for a year to see if ' he was interested in a teaching position. "It wasn't for me," Mr. Kirshenbaum said. "It really limited my ability to be creative. I was very lucky. I fell into the JCC job by accident." Mr. Kirshenbaum feels that the main difference between his predecessors in the Youth department , and himself is the concept he had of the job. "I saw myself as being part of the kids' lives. I wante<l them to know that I am always here for them, f want the kids to talk about every-

thing with me. I'm a counselor and a friend all in one. "Parents come to me to say that there is a problem at home, can you help me out? It's important to me to have the trust of the kids and their parents. I think these relationships are an outgrowth of the personal touches which I've tried to add to the job." Mr. Kirshenbaum's new job as assistant JCC director will put him in charge of supervising several of the JCC departments, as well as supervising all publications which are sent from the JCC, and also membership retention and recruitment. In addition, he will be the supervisor for his replacement in the youth department, as well as the BBYO director.

terest in the youth programming," Mr. Kirshenbaum said. "I will be in charge of Camp JCC and the day-camps this summer, so I will still be visible and connected to the kids. We are engaged in a nationwide search for the right person to fill the

youth director position. The quality of the department will be even better." Mr. Kirshenbaum said that he feels very lucky to be staying in Omaha, and added that he plans to be at his new job a long time and that his door is still open.

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The changing Jewish famiiy The Jewish family is changing. No longer represented solely by the traditional married couple with children, the Jewish community must recognize and integrate the divorced, widowed, single parents with children, agunot (women who are unable to obtain a get, a religious xii; vorcel.and singles into alliacets of Jewish family life. ThffOrthodox Union's Synagogue Services Division, Ketubah, the OU's Marriage Commission, and Lincoln Square Synagogue of New York sponsored a conference entitled "Marriage and the Family: The Challenges Facjng Today's Jewish Community" to begin addressing these issues. •"Three panels of experts focused on marriage and on being single, and on Rabbinic responses to these issues and challenges. Among the participates were Rabbi Dr. Reuven P. Bulka, author and chairman of the Rabbinical Council of America's Fanuly and Marriage Committee; Dr. Sylvia Barack Fishman, a Senior Research Associate at Brandeis University's Cohen Center for Jewish Studies; Rabbi Gedalia Dov Schwartz, Rosh Beth Din of the RCA; and Dr. Norman Linzer, Professor of Jewish Family Social Work at Yeshiva University's Wurzweiller School of Social Work. Changing Jewish Marriage and Family Life. The first panel, "The Changing Face of Jewish Marriage and Family Life," was led by Dr. Fishman, who has written on the transformation of the American Jewish family and on Jewish support for the "new" family. She focused

i ^

on the conflict between seeking personal happiness and promoting the needs of the family, the rising divorce rate, problems of non-traditional families, and why there are so many older singles today. "The single-parent family," she comments, "has the same problems and more as normative families, but it is not regarded by some as a 'real' family." '

the isolation of singlehood, while dealing with clashing secular and religious values. "Singles are a minority group," he stated, "yet unlike ethnic minority groups, there Is no relevant culture to bind the group together." Joining Linzer on the painel were columnist Yael Respier, M.S.W., who has an active private practice in family therapy, and marital treatment, and Dr. Jacob Halberstam, a clinical psychologist and therapist who beilieves in the commonality of all singles whether divorced, widowed, or never married. He addressed the difficulty of establishing a relationship today when singles constantly judge potential partners. ".When you are constantly looking over someone's shoulder to see who else is out there," he conunented, "you're not focusing on the person in front of you." Some singles also participated in the panel to provide their perspective on their life in the family-oriented Jewish community and to suggest what married Jews can do to integrate them into communal activities and celebrations. The eminent Rabbi Gedalia Dov Schwartz chaired the third panel, "The Challenges of Jewish Marriage and Family Life Today: A Rabbinic Response." He was joined by two rabbis who are also psychotherapists. Rabbi Dr. Reuven P. Bulka of Ottawa, Canada, and Rabbi Tzvi Hersh Weinreb of Baltimore

Also on the panel were Shana Yocheved Schacter, a pyschoanalytic psychotherapist in private practice, and Dr. Shalom Feinberg, a psychiatrist, psychopharmacologist, and senior consultant at the Marpeh Clinic who specializes in mood disorders, alcoholism, and treatment-resistant depression. Schacter talked about individual problems in the context of a relationship, how many "choose" their problems when they choose their partners, and how early treatment can help. Feinberg disaissed the prevalence of clinical depression within the traditional Jewish community and the difficulty of seeking help, because the disorder is often kept secret, even from the spouse. Single Life in the Jewish Community. On the second panel, "The Responsibility of the Community to Its Singles Members" leader Dr. Norman Linzer, author of The Jewish Family: Authority and Tradition in Modem Perspective, will examine the special challenges of singlehood for Orthodox Jews who must balance the intimacy of a relationship with the intimacy of a relationship with

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April 17, 1»9?

The dwindling Jewish communities of Romania By Tom Tugend ler 2,000 years here, we are a dying community. But we want to go out with dignity"—Worshipper in a Bucharest synagogue. JASSY, Romania (JTA)-At the outbreak of the Second World War, there were 800,000 Jews in Romania. Some 400,000 survived the slaughter. Of these, 96 percent have since left for Israel, leaving a largely old and aging.Jewish community of 18,000. The undisputed 79-year-old leader of the remnant, Chief Rabbi Dr. Moses Rosen, who is properly addressed as His Eminence, said that there are two directions for a Jew to leave Romania. One leads to the Bucharest airport en route to Israel, the other to the Jewish cemetery on the other side of town. Our party of ten, consisting of reporters and representatives of major Jewish organizations, were to meet Rosen ^nd the President of Romania at the beginning •of our 10-day visit to three of the surviving Jewish communities—Bucharest, Brasov and Jassy, in that order. When our plane from New York touched down, after a less than exhilarating flight on the Romanian national airline Tarom, thousands of miners were running riot in Bucharest, ransacking parliament. Over the reporters' protests, our handlers quickly changed the itinerary, loaded us on a bus and headed north to Brasov, a popular ski resort in the center of the country. It proved to be a favorable choice for an introduction to Jewish Romania, for Brasov had been spared the worst horrors of the Holocaust, thanks mainly to its location. Indeed, on the killing fields of Europe, geography gave rise to an impersonal selection process, largely determining who would die and who would live. In 1940, during the Soviet-Nazi honeymoon, Germany had forced Romania to cede large chunks of territory to its neighbors. Bessarabia in the northeast and parts of Bukovina went to the Soviet Union, northern Tran' sylvania in the northwest to Hungary, and a small portion in the south to Bulgaria. The wprst mass killings coincided with the invasion of Russia by allied German and Romanian troops in the summer of 1941. The initial slaughter was in the border town of Jassy (spelled lasi in Romanian and pronounced Jush, to rhyme with rush), where 12,000 Jews'^ were murdered during one five-day rampage. Then, as

the Axis troops stofmed into Bessarabia and across the Dniester River, they killed 260,000 Jews. In northern Transylvania, the Hungarians waited until the approach of the Red Army in 1944 before exterminating 130,000 Jews. By contrast, the 400,000 Jews in so-called Old Romania, mainly Moldavia, Wallachia, southern Transylvania, and the southwestern areas, largely escaped death, Instead they were drafted into forced labor gangs, banned from most occupations, "fined" huge amounts of money and exposed to occasional pogroms. (In early 1941, thugs of the fascist Iron Guard in Bucharest hideously • slaughtered 130 Jews.) Brasov, in Old Romania, was one of the luckier towns. The 500-year old community operates two synagogues, one Orthodox and one roughly equivalent to Conservative, and one Talmud Torah (religious school). The last functioning rabbi died in 1986, and since then services have been conducted by laymen, though Rabbi Rosen comes up from Bucharest every Chanukah. Currently, less than 10 percent of the conununity is under 18 years old, and the last Bar Mitzvah was celebrated three years ago. Most Romanians divide their recent history by "before" and "after" the revolution of Dec. 22-26, 1989, when the 25-year reign of Communist dictator Nicolae Ceausescu ended in his overthrow and execution. "Before the revolution, a man from the Securitate (Ceausescu's dreaded secret police) checked on us every day, supposedly for our security," said Roth. "The state wanted to know everything that went on." During the dictator's regime, "the mass media never talked about the Jews, but immediately after the revolution there was a tremepdous curiosity, and even sympathy, for the Jews and Israel," said Roth. "When there were 800,000 of us in Romania (now a country of 23 million), everybody knew his 'own' Jew. Now there are many young people who have never met a Jew." The Jewish conununity kitchen provides one hot meal a day for 60 elderly people, operates a meals-on-wheels service for the infirm, and owns some apartments which it rents to the needy. Most of the money for such assistance, in Brasov as in the rest of Romania, comes from the "Joint" (The American Jewish Joint Distribution Conunittee), whose name among Jews here is synonymous with American largess.

Like most middle-aged Romanian Jews, Roth has a grown child in Israel and thinks he will join him eventually when there are grandchildren in Israel and no more old people to take care of at home. In 10-15 years, Roth thinks, there may be no more Jews left in Brasov. For liinch, we repair to the Cetatea (Citadel) Brasov, a restaurant in the style of a medieval castle, where we are greeted with a trumpet flourish and the inevitable libations of tzvika (plum brandy), vodka and whiskey. Once we are seated, the seven-piece combo and four singers bteak into Israeli folk tunes and hits from "Fiddler on the Roof," not in our honor, but in salute to some 20 Israeli tourists at the next banquet table. Romania is a popular destination for vacationing Israelis, partly because of ancestral ties and partly because a few dollars stretch a long way. The gypsy violinists and strolling bands have caught on quickly and have apparently decided to make "Hava Nagila" and "Jerusalem of Gold" Israel's national anthems and. "If I Were a Rich Maij" the universal Jewish hymn. In the afternoon, we meet with a group of Brasov journalists still giddily breathing the air of free expression after decades of suffocating censorship. They know practically nothing of the centuries-old history of antiSemitism in their country or of the atrocities committed by Romanian soldiers in World War TI, and seem startled when our group brings up the topic. There is an obvious conununication gap between us and them, and it's not just linguistic. One newsman assures us that Romania needs Jews, who have contributed so much to the country's commerce, and asks what American Jewry is doing to encourage its Romanian co-religionists to remain in the country rather than go to Israel. The gap widens as one journalist tells us that envy permeates the national character, so that if a peasant has one cow, he immediately objects to his neighbor having two. On the basis of this trait, the speaker urges that Americans extend financial support not only to Jews but to all Romanians, so that the latter won't.envy the former. We are too thunderstruck to debate the point. Heading northeast, we stop al two landmarks. One is Dracula's 14th century castle (closed for repairs), where we learn that the coimt has been falsely"maligned as a vampire. His actual hobby was to impale thieves on pointed trees and he is still known locally, as Vlad the Impaler.

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Children of the Holocaust BOOK REVIEW: "ChUdren With A Star. Jewish Youth in Nazi Europe" by Deborah Dworli. Yale Univeristy Press, 354 pp., ^$25.00, ISBN 0-30(M)5054-2. By Judith S. Kestenberg, M.D. (Copyright 1992, Jewish Telegraphic ^getacy. Inc.) NEW YOBK-Deborah Dwork's timely booit made its appearance just before the "Convention of the Hidden Child" in New Yorlc brought together people who as children were hidden from the Nazi regime. , Dwork's book, "Children with a Star," deals with Jewish children and youths up to 18 years of age who were persecuted by the Nazis. It is a social history with special emphasis on the emotional experiences of the youngsters, based on information drawn primarily from historical materials on the Holocaust aiid interviews with child survivors. The introduction deals with the important issue of source materials. Dwork points out that it is particularly difficult to find material on children. The Nazis did not list the children separately in their documents, but rather treated them as appendages of their mothers. This is not surprising; the Nazis looked upon their own ill children as "useless eaters." Rescuers, Dwork emphasizes, did not dare to keep records of children for fear of discovery by the Germans.' She mentions further that young children could not keep diaries, as did some older chikiren, and the latter did not always have access to writing tools. Nevertheless, as she correctly states, "this want of contemporary data is more apparent than real." She fmds good data from France and Italy-although she overlooks a considerable amount of literature on, and by, children from Poland. Dwork is justifiably convinced that arcMval data and adult caretaker remembrances are less important than the testimony of child survivors. The fact is, adults who cared for children during and after occupation were frightened themselves. Preoccupied with their own danger and their arduous task of helping children, they knew little about the emotional life of the children they cared for. , Dwork gets her best data from interviews with child survivors. She does not, however, disclose how many children she interviewed and is not concerned with statistical issues. She feels strongly that the living can speak for the dead and the survivors' testimony can be generalized to explicate all experiences. There are no differences between those who survived and those who did not—it was sheer luck, she believes. Itis "simply wrong" to believe, she says, that survivors had a special need to live. , In this, Dwork is not completely correct. While luck did, in fact, play a significant role in survival, other factors Were important as well, including "good Aryan looks," a knowledge of the native language, a convincing accent, a sweetness appealing to adults and—first and foremost—parting words from parents admonishing the child to survive to tell the story. - The book begins with a description of the children's lives before leaving home. In most cases their lives were fairly normal, with only occasional forebodings of the future. The restrictions pui on Jews-ih Gernliany in 1935 and 1938, and in Poland in 1940, are given special attention. Most of the children interviewed as adults by the author claimed they were neither bothered nor personally concerned by the changes in the laws. But that finding may be the result of either interviewing too few people or relying on too few sources. Some publications listed in Dwork's bibliography are not utized in the text. In the records of the International iudy of Organized Persecution of Children, we find that yen the youngest children suffered from restrictions nposed on them and their parents, though they may have been unaware of the specificities of the laws. Subsequent chapters cover the experimees of chiUren in hiding: the organizations which helped hide them; the rful experiences suffered in hiding; transit camps, betlos, death and Ubor camps and finaliy their experr I aftei 'I chu|i nling contains a comprehensive count of organizations which helped chikiren in France I H'»ti"iiii TtKn. is iilwi)« good overview of how chiltea V, I.

but the description of the early life in Bergen-Belsen does not encompass the variety of children's experiences in the blocks for holders of foreign passports.

lytic, psychiatric and psychological literature contains such classics as Sophie Duim's and Anna Freud's account of several 3-year-old8 who came to London aftisr In the chapter on ghetto life, Dwork describes chil- • having been incarcerated in Terezin. Sarah Moskovitz dren at play or being educated in makeshift classrooms, interviewed them and reported on an interview with one the lot of the starving orphans in the Warsaw ghetto of the Terezin caretakers and Kos-Robes described the and the lieart-rending deportation of children in the behavior of children there. A pioneer book by Eisenberg ghetto of Lodz. This is a good, though not exhaustive, about children in hiding, in ghettos and in camps quotes many sources. survey of ghetto life. The chapter titled "Death and Slave Labor Camps" describes the horrors of the journey in cattle cars, the entry into the hell of Auschwitz, separation fromfamily and the many humiliations endured by the children. Dwork also writes about youngsters who became "pets" and child servants of the SS. There is much material she does not cover, however, such as the rescue of a whole block of Jewish children by the Pole, Gaszynski, who registered them as Christian, or Dr. Wolken's hiding in his block of Luigi Ferri, a boy who lived to testify against the perpetrators. . Nor does she write about the victims, of Mengele's "research," about the homosexual exploitation or the sexual humiliation of youngsters. But no single volume can encompass the masses of material available, and each author must make his or her own choices. Dwork makes some particularly valuable choices when she focuses in on the small, seemingly insignificant events that do not make headUhes, but shape lives. She speaks, for example, of the older girls' needs to mother the little ones. She understands the healing factor in havmg a friend or a group of friends, and the backbreaking work in factories which many youngsters could not survive without the help of an adult or friend. An important point stressed by the author is that under very trying circumstances, Jews spent a considerable amount of their meager resources to educate and feed their children. Jewish parents, child-loving adult's and networks did their utmost to save the children. There were exceptions: some rich Jews in the ghetto ate cream cakes while starving children looked on. ' • This reviewer concurs with the author's observation that it is an outstanding feature of Jewish teachings and culture to cherish children. It is an important factor in the anti-Semitism of people whose ambivalence about their own children is hidden underneath the aggrandizement of their "race." Another valid point by the author is that children, too, made decisions. She notes that older children could not be forced to hide, and that they often made decisions which affected their own survival. Although children's comprehension is not the same as that of adults, it Is much more extensive than adults want to admit. Even .very young chil.dren knew of the dangers in their own way, and were thus abl6 to adapt to hardship and terror—in many itastances better than adults. It is true, however, that the "accidental ac^on of timing in the life of each victim cannot be overestimated—both for the good and ill." The final chapter contains a moving description of the children's disappointment and pain after liberation. Grief, incongruously coupled with denial of the family's demise was universal. As one of Dwork's interviewees said: "The old Ufe never came back... And we had nothing." The aqthor closes with this idea: "Within each Jewish child who survived the wa;, the past remained intact and undigested." The world did not respond to these children's plight. No one listened, no one helped them work liirough their grief, their losses. I once interviewed someone, now an adult, who said: "Where were you when I came to this country as a child aqd needed help?" In defense of adults, myself included, we must realize that all of us needed a quiet latency period in which we could mourn silently. In my case it was 25 years. Not only did the survivors I ' losetonly after many years, but thosi' helpedamong them quite a few psychiaUuts-sluod helplessly by for many years. It is not easy to evaluate a book which is both valua-

Outstanding contributions were written in connection with German compensation laws such as Eisler's, Wangh's and Lempp's, as well as the classic account of Niederiand about persecuted toddlers who were refusied compensation. The use of small samples, and a less than exhaustive look at the literature, do not support the many generalizations which the author presents. However, for a general introduction to the subject of children during the Holocaust, this is a book of great merit. It offers well-documented notes which contain the bibliography, a list of well-reproduced photos, a glossary and a map. It is enlivened by Dwork's compassion and love for her subjects, whom she calls "her children," though today some of them could be her parents. The book contains many moving passages. The only jarring note is the rather formal use of the last names of interviewees when their childhood reminiscences are described. It is like the impersonal way children are sometimes called by their teachers. It is a small matter, but it hampers the flow of empathy when we hear a voice of a "child" and he or she is called Sztarkman rather than Hanna. • Overall, the book is easy to read and well written. We gain knowledge from each new interview and each new book. Even though I cannot agree with everything she wrote, I am grateful to Deborah Dwork for her contribution. Judith S. Kestenberg, MD. is a clinical professor of psychiatry at New York University and project director of the International Study of Organized Persecution of Children, sponsored by Child Development Research, Sands Point, N.Y.

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USY examines family changes More than 1,200 teen-age members of United Synagogue Youth (USY) and advisors gathered recently in Boston for the annual International. Convention. Throughout the course of the convention, the participants examined the changing structure of Jewish Families of the 1990s and the role of traditional Jewish values in modem-family relationships. Through a variety of creative programs, informal classroom activities, and discussions, the USY'ers explored Jewis^i perspectives on such issues as parent/child relationships^ caring for elderly', relatives, single-parent families, family responsibilites regarding transmission of values and traditions, and the effects of interdating and intermarriage on family relationships. Jules Gutin, acting director of USY, commented, "We want the USY'ers to understand that despite the changes which have occurred in modern families, Jewish values and traditions are still relevant." USY'ers learned about their role toward Klal Yisroel, the responsibility of all Jews toward one another, including caring for the elderly, the disabled, and the welfare of Jewish immigrants. Ms. Janet Marchese, founder and director of the Down Syndrome Adoption Agency in Westchester, N.Y., was the major speaker. Working in conjuntion with the Little Brothers[Friends of the Elderly and the Synagogue Council of assachusetts, the USY'ers helped to bring holiday ^heer to over 1,000 elderly shut-ins by delivering a hot meal. Other highhghts of the convention included a musical concert by Safam, a tribute to the 40th anniversary of USY, and a sightseeing tour of Boston's Freedom Trail.

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By Gil Sedan JERUSALEM (JTA)A Greek inscription found recently in Beit She'an by archaeologists from Hebrew University, sheds new light on the status of a prominent Samaritan family that lived there, and on the date of the construction of a magnificent commercial street in the town. Beit She'an was the central city of northern Israel under the Romans and was known at the time by its Roman name of Scythopolis. It later became the capital of what was known as the Second Palestine (Palestine Secunda) under Byzantine rule. The inscription is one of only a few archaeological finds ever uncovered in Israel that talk about people who have been known until now only from historical texts of the period. The eight-line inscription was etched into a large stone block about 3.5 feet wide, which sat atop an archway that was part of a stone portico Uriing the front of a row of shops along the main thoroughfare of Byzantine-era Beit She'an. The portico collapsed during the severe earthquake that shook the town in the year 749. The inscription was discovered during restoration efforts along the main street, when the collapsed portico's stones were

raised. The restoration is one phase of an extensive, years-long archaeological dig being conducted on the site, under the supervision of Professor Gideon Foerster and Professor Yoram Tsafrir of the Hebrew University Institute of Archaeology. The inscription tells of the construction of the portico between 500 and 615, with funds t)rovided by Byzantine Emperor Anastasius. Initiators of the project are given as the brothers Salustius and Silvanus, the sons of Arsenius, all jurists from the city of Scythopolis. Silvanus, known from historic^ sources as the owner of substantial properties and also a high city official, was a member of an important Samaritan family with close ties to the Byzantine emperors of those days. „ His son, also named Arsenius, converted to Christianity and reached the status of senator in the Byzantine capital Constantinqple. Nevertheless, he retained contacts with his family and his hometown, and was even involved in the construction of the city wall. Silvanus was killed by a Christian mob in 529, during a Samaritan revolt against the Christians. The Christians claimed that Silvanus used, his important status to work against their community.

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Paper issued on gay life By Marilyo Silverstein The Jewish Exponent In a historic move, the leaders of Reconstructionist Judaism have issued a comprehensive policy statement callijig for complete, unconditionai equality for homosexuals in Jewish life. The 39-page statement, "Homosexuality and Judaism: The Reconstructionist Position," was unanimously adopted by the 40-member board of directors of the Federation of Reconstructionist Congregations and Havurot earlier this year. It affirms that "kedushah," or hohness, resides in commiled homosexual relationships, arid welcomes lesbian and gay individuals and families as full and equal members of congregations and havurot, "with the same rights and responsibilities as heterosexual individuals and families." The position is consistent with, but more comprehensive than that of the Reform movement, which, since 1977, has passed an extensive array of resolutions calling for full equahty for homosexuals in civil law and congregational affairs, but has not formulaled a detailed position paper. In contrast, the Orthodox raovenient, while offering compassion and counsel to homosexual Jews, has traditionally considered homosexuality to be a violation ofhalacha, or Jewish law, and thus forbidden. The Conservative movement, which also defines itself as a halachic movement, is currently strugghng with the issue through its Committee on Jewish Law and Standards. Last year, the movement's Rabbinical Assembly adopted a resolution calling for non-discrimination against gays and lesbians in civil law and welcomed them as members of Conservative congregations. In effect, the Reconstructionist movement's sweeping position paper on homosexuality is a unique document in the 3,000 years of Jewish history. "I think it's a significant document," said Rabbi Mordechai Liebling, executive director of FRCH and a member of the Reconstructionist Commission on Homosexuality, which drafted the report. "I feel very excited and very proud," Liebling said during an interview in his study at the Reconstructionist Rabbinical College in Wyncote. "We feel that it is another step toward freedom for a segment of the Jewish people." According to IJebling, the Reconstructionist movement began to take that step in 1984, when RRC adopted a non-discrimination policy regarding sexual orientation in accepting people to study for the rabbinate. "That set the ball in motion," he.8aid. "With the advent of the ordination of openly lesbian and gay rabbis, the movement had to really deal head on with the role and placement of gay and lesbian Jews." In 1990, the Raconstructionist Rabbinical Association affirmed the college's policy and adopted a nondiscrimination policy in forwarding the resumes of newly ot-dained Reconstructionist rabbis to congregations, liebling said. The move toward inclusivity was also propelled by current statistics, which show that between seven percent and 10 percent of the Americari Jewish population 350,000 to 500,000 people is gay or lesbian, the rabbi added.

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Albanian financial broker succeeds in Israel Editor's note: The following article recently appeared in the Hebrew daily newspaper, Maariv. It was written by Israeli journalist Uri Nahshon, edited in New York, and translated for UJA by Barbara Promislow of the Jewish Agency Communications Division in Jerusalem. TEL AVIV-Last April, about 300 immigrants, almost the entire Albanian Jewish community, arrived in Israel as part of a secret operation. Since their arrival, Albanian Jews have gone largely unnoticed. Some say their low visibility can be explained by their small numbers. Others attribute this quiet ally ah to Albanian Jews' retiring demeanor. It's hard to imagine Albanians fighting to secure status in Israeli society. Earlier this year, Albania was still the last remaining symbol of a bygone communism. Long after the statues of Stalin were smashed in other communist countries, they continued to be worshipped in Albania. Albania was always described as a closed bubble, isolated , fronj the rest of the world. The most popular Alb,^nian stories concerned food rationing, a strictly censored media, paltry salaries, and the absence of . the most basic of modem equipn)ent. But by Albanian standards, David Kantozi was not doing badly. As a foreign currency dealer, Kantozi had the kind of contact with the outside world that was considered a "luxury." He sat at a Reuters terminal, which was connected to internation^ financial markets. When he arrived at work each morning, the International Herald Tribune and other foreign newspapers were waiting for him on his

desk; reading material that was unimaginable to the majority of Albanians. Kantozi, who speculated largely with German marks and Swiss francs, graduated with a degree in economics from the University of Tirana. Like all omiversity graduates, Kantozi was assigned to his position. But unlike most, he landed a job with a window to the world and a passport out of the confines of Albania. He routinely took trips to Italy and participated in seminars run by Swiss banks. Given the gloom and stifling oppression of Albania, Kantozi's evaluation of his life is an anomaly. He says, "1 was a boss in Albania. I had a good home, a good job, and a good life." Despite a relatively successful life, it was a life that denied an integral part of his identity. Kantozi explains that Jewish consciousness among AI-' banian Jewry was internal. There was no Jewish community life, no synagogues, and, of course, no Hebrew studies. He opted for freedom as a man and as a Jew over the crumbs of liberty that were doled out by the powers in Albania. But for Kantozi, a move to Israel did not come with the price tag of downward mobility. While still in Albania, he met a Jewish representative of the International Monetary Fuhd to Albania. Through this connection, he was able to insure employment with an Israeli financial institution. And although he's struggling to achieve proficiency in Hebrew, he's in luck when it comes to his profession. Like the days in Albania, he sits at his terminal in Israel using the prevailing language English.

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Marcia Gallner: "I have to keep myself involved." Divorced from her first husband, Mrs. Gallner met and married David Gallner 12 years ago. "He was from Council Bluffs. His kids have always been just wonderful to me." She recalled an earlier time when her daughter had dated one of his sons. "I thought he was so adorable." Mr. Gallner's children, Michael, Sheldon and Gary, had lost their mother and Mrs. Gallner "filled a void for them." Along with her two children, Thomas Levine and Susan Levine Romanik, the holiday table is always full. David and Marcja Gallner,traveled a great deal. Her home reflects those travels. Elegant beaded handbags encased in glass adorn the walls, while statues and collections of art decorate mantles and tables. Although Mrs. Gallner has been in th6 decorating

One or two generations ago she nught have decided to live a quiet life as a grandmother. Marcia Gallner lives on a quiet street in a comfortable condominium, the perfect setting for a docile grandmother. But Mrs. Gallner is hard-

ly a complacent grandmother. She attributes her energy and involvement to her father. "He's klways been an inspiration to me." She said, "He was a year old when he immigrated to New York City. When he was 13, he came to Omaha and sold papers on the street."

Friedel Jewish Academy wishes the entire community HagSemeacb

business with Rose SchuNow Marcia Gallner pack for less than a year, would certainly receive an the field is not new to her. A-plus in her leadership in At age 52, Mrs. Gallner the community. She is on finished a degree in art at the Caring Committee at the University of Nebras- Temple Israel. A past ka at Omaha. And for 20 president of the Council of years she had a gift shop Jewish Women, she helped in the Old Market with her start the thrift shop. daughter. And following with her Mr. Gallner liked to go interest in art, she is now to houses and estate sales. in docent training at the The couple looked in the Joslyn Art Museum. classified ads to see where But the organization to go. that she talks the most "Most of my collections about is L'chaim to Life. were gathered in Omaha," She is chairman of this she said. "When you least group which offers help, ej^pect it, you find some- warmth and friendship to thing. That makes it inter- people who have lost their esting. spouses. When Mrs. Gallner was A recent widow, Mrs. attending Central High Gallner has found comfort School as a young woman, there. she felt she had a lot to live "It's helped me a great up to. deal," she says. "Time helps "While my father "went to a degree. I feel a lot betto .school there he also ter. I feel wonderful." taught math. I went with A speaker recently told my first cousins. Everyone the group, "You have to in the family was a have been there." Mrs. straight 'A' and they ex- Gallner agrees with this pected me to be, too." philosophy.

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"Everybody really relates to one another." "Holidays are really hard," she said, "and so are Sundays." The group agreed to have their meetmgs on Sundays to give them something to do on an unstructured day. "As time goes by it gets easier," Mrs. Gallner said, referring to her widowhood. Now she and her daughter are playpning a cookbook together. "We set aside one morning a week to work on it. We're thinking about calling it the 'Empty Nest Cookbook.' We like fancy cooking, but we'll have to take into consideration the new diets." Whether it's art or books, her father, the late Ben Civin, would be proud of the way his daughter lives her life today. Mrs. Gallner speaks lovingly of her five grandchildren. But she reminds one, "I have to keep myself involved."

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From Leningrad to Brandels: the Dina Kogan story By Sheila Garsombke, staff writer No one promised Dina Kogan a rose garden when she emigrated from Leningrad little more than a year ago. She was prepared and determined to work hard and succeed in the United States. Dina, an 18-year-old honor student at Burke High School, has focused her energies on her secondary education, and polishing her English skills, which have paid off. She has been admitted to Brandeis University with a scholarship, and more recently, was inducted into the National Honor Society. "1 found out that I was accepted at Brandeis on. my birthday—Dec. 23. 1 felt it was good luck to be admitted on my birthday. 1 was hoping that my luck would also mean the necessary scholarship and financial aid which would enable me to attend Brandeis," Dina explained.

Dina, however, has had more than good luck in her comer. She has a 3.82 cumulative grade point average in all courses completed at Burke. She also has mother, Olga Kogan, and father, Alexander Kogan, who have been Dina's advocates in the education process both in the Soviet Union and in Omaha. "My parents wanted me to learn English even if we could never leave the Soviet Union," she said. "We were Refuseniks, who kept • trying to leave Leningrad from I97a until 1990, when we finally got approval." It was necessary for the Kogan family to spend two months in Austria and three months in Italy to complete the immigration process and move to their home in Omaha. With an eye to a future

sions' maze. "Gloria spent countless hours helping me fill out my college applications, and correcting my English mistakes." She recalled that during her childhood years she wanted to be a doctor, but soon realized that she was too sensitive to the pain and suffering of others. Presently, she has not decided on a major, but has expressed an interest in international business, after completing a graduate degree. According to Dina, she could not have succeeded without the support and affection she has received in Omaha. "I would like to especially thank Bob and Kay Gerelick, Stan Mitchetl, and (nany other people for welcoming me and my family to this country and giving us wonderful support here," Dina concluded.

in the United States, Mr. and Mrs. Kogan enrolled Dina in a special school in Leningrad, where she was able to start learning Eng^ lish in second grade. Later Dina also completed chemistry, physics, biology, and anatomy to fulfill gradua-. tion requirements in Leningrad. After entering Burke, Dina took advanced placement chemistry, even though she had not mastered English. "Chemistry was difficult because I had to relearn the elements and periodic tables, which have different names in the U.S.," she said. Dina admitted she did not have an active social life last year because of her studies, working part: time, and applying to college. She credits Gloria Kaslow for enabling her to wade through the admis-

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Volunteerism -- a problem

By Sasan Paley, staff writer A recent survey by the Jewish Press has disclosed a widespread problem of volunteerism and time in Omaha's Jewish organizations. The Jewish Press interviewed a sampling of women's organizations to tletermine the effects of a modem society on traditiionally volunteer-based groups. B'nai B'rith Women The thrust of B'nai B'rith has historically been on family programs. The focus in the United States is on drug rehabilitation and counseling for intermarried couples. In " Israel, BBW supports a residential center for psychologically and physically disabled children. Frieda Krizelman, president of BBW Omaha chapter said,"The pattern of BB has changed. Society is much different today than in 1946 when I became a member. The problems are very different." Mrs. Krizelman pointed out that there is a shortage of volunteers because of so many working women. She noted, however', that there is a mixed membership in terms of age. "We are functioning well and I am proud of what we are doing, but we could definitely use more volunteers." : BBW supports Rainbow ^ House as EUI ongoing community service project. The home, located at 7815 Dewey, is utilized to accommodate families from out of town. It i^ in conjunction with Methodist . Hospital. "I happen to be very fortunate. I have a wonderful board and I am not worried about fund-raising. I do wish we had better at•_ tendance at meetings and programs, however." Hadouah The number one priority of Hadassah nationally has become education for ' Jewish women; In addition to the traditionally sponsored Hadassah programs. ' i.e. Hadassah Hospital in Israel, JNF. Youth Aliyah. and Hadassah International Education Services, the focus of Hadassah for the future is on the national American affairs •c«i». Hadassah is involved with child advocacy, day , care, pioxhoica, and environmental issues and is active in politics whare Jewish issues are cqncented and maintains a political lobby in Washington. PresidaDt Julaa Katzman

many p' nacled bc^uuat.' ui lucx ui tiflM. We must reach out to thaat wooMu with •omtthing raltvaat to (hair UvM. National Hadaaaah has baan trmnMidounlv farsigbtad in nil \'\iu* II (irioritias (hrixji^ii

Uoo."

Hadassah has altered its format from traditional luncheon meetings to include a business and professional group which meets in the evenings. Two nationally sponsored study groups include "Women in the Middle— the Sandwich Generation'' and a Jewish marital status group, which reaches out to women of all ages. "Ladies' luncheons of the past genre are not as appealing to our young women," Mrs. Katzman said. "People are not as easily entertained as they once were and they are unwilling to devote a whole afternoon to a program." "The new thrust is toward more varied programming geared toward smaller groups of women in an attempt to meet their contemporary needs. Hadassah is unique among organizations because of its partnership between education and Zionist goals. Hadassah practices the traditional observance of Shabbat and kashruth. "I feel that we fill a niche in the community which other organizations do not. Everything we do is from a Jewish perspective. Hadassah provides many women with handson Jewish education for the first time,'-' Mrs. Katzman said. She said she has excellent support of projects, as well as increased membership. "What we don't see is the percentage of participation we used to because of the lime element."

children may need to use if a parent is not home to help them. Nationally, the focus is on pro-choice. Locally, the State Public Affairs lobby is active. Council has become involved with funding mini-grants for teachers who demonstrate excellence in education. A new project which will be launched this spring is a workshop for the elderly. "We have a great group of young volunteers. We have promising leadership who are sincerely involved in important issues. We have a good mix of people. I think we are very fortunate," Mrs. Kirshenbaum added. . O.H.T. ORT's purpose is to raise money to support vocational schools across the world. Begun originally to train inunigrants and survivors in a trade, the schools have changed to accommodate the needs of a changing society. "The schools originally offered courses in mech,anics, design, and drawing," said Joye Wees, copresident. "Now the schools teach computer technology. They are equipped with the latest robotic equipment. In Israel, a primary focus is on ESL (English as a second language) training for Russian olim and Ethiopian immi grants."" ORT now sponsors day schools, as well as high schools. In Israel, .'the schools have evolved to include special classes for troubled children.

N.CJ.W. "One truly unique thing 'People just don't have time to volunteer," said about our chapter is that Kate Kirshenbaum, presi- we have made a real effort dent-elect. "Council is do- to reach out to the influx ing wonderful projects, of Soviet women in our but it's really hard to get community," Mrs. Wees people to make weekly stated. "We know that part of commitments like they our future leadership will used to." To meet the needs of its be from these women. " members. Council has ORT is not as visibly in changed to evening meet- volved in the conununity ings. When selecting new as othet- organizations, but board members, they now it doea its ^are of cominu must' take schedules into nity service. ORT has ua consideration. tablished a relatipnship , 'NCJW used to be much • with Jewish family Service more socially oriented. A and is in charge of its particular day of the week Tzedakah project. would be your day to ORT's gift wrap and volunteer (or Council. The women would get together Pleasure Pac are its two for lunch afterwards. Peo- largest fundraisers. ORT pi.. .,,.,,1 willing to take so atteoipts to utiliM a broad r i or their volun- volunteer baae for these projects. ttJt-riHiii luiw.' ORT makes a special efThe Council Thrift Shop has been relocated in the fort to reach <>"' '" '"-^ hop9 that more peoitle will comers in thi' as an effort lo nnt'^i.iu be able to be involved Council's projects are them into the coniinunitv vHthalOKT. oriented to a society of !ng, upcomuig leaders. , the an•poii•vr\-

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Book review—

Feasting for Freedom

pReservoir of bitterness

"The Death of *u Autericaa Jewiab Community: A tragedy ot Good lateutiona," By Hillel Levioe and Lawrence Harmon. Free Press, New York, $24.96. By Rutb E. Gruber NEW YORK (JTA)-"The Death of an American Jewish Community" is a detailed, cWiling and, one hopes, cautionary case study of what the Boston Globe termed "one of the most rapid and disturbing episodes of neighborhood turnover in Boston's history." It is a provocative dissection of big-city racial politics and an important contribution to the growing body of literature examining the troubled evolution of relations between blacks and Jews. Colorfully written and paced like a police novel, the book pulls no punches in describing the greed, neglect, political scullduggery, Uberal guilt feelings and tragic good intentions that contributed to the transformation of Boston's once-Jewish neighborhoods of Dorchester, Roxbury and Mattapan into part of the city's expanding black ghetto. These three neighborhoods, the authors note, were once home to a vibrant community of 90,000 Jews, ranging from the wealthy to the working class. Today, they are home to the overwhelming majority of Boston's 120,000 blacks, many of whom are mired ip poverty and living amid what the Boston Phoenix described as "vast tracts of empty lots, abandoned houses and dilapidated triple-deckers" (three-story dwellings). "In much of the district," write I.,evine and Harmon, "more than 50 years of Jewish settlement were overturned during a two-year period from 1968 to 1970." The book—a bestseller in the Boston area'-chronicles the gradual move to the suburbs by thousands of innercity Jews in the 19&0s and early 19608 and questions the role thai relocating prominent congregations and Jewish institutions,to the suburbs played in weakening the traditional urban Jewish community and promptJewish families to move out. "Jewish organizations had lost sight of the Jewish inner city: they had lost sight of the old neighborhoods," co-author Hillel Leme, 50, said in an interview with the Jewish Telegraphic Agency. "Jewish community sights were so set on the suburbs that they eUminated the inner city as the site of desirable Jewish residence.'' this attitude, he said, meant that hints of the even-' lual radical transformation of the neighborhood in the late 1960s weht unheeded or unnoticed by many Jews. Levine himself admits that although he was at Harvard and active in Jewish affairs ih the late 1960s he 'did not have the vaguest sense " of the dramatic an4 shocking ahnost-overnighi change in Dorchester and Mattapan wrought by misguided pubUc pr6grams begun ih 1968. These programs, and the resulting wholesale ejiodus of Jews from within then'-'"" •" li"'>'- '.rfthemain focus of the book On May 13, I9titi, lioiiou Ma.un i. ^nounced "a major new urbaiv program iv , I private capital and expwtise. govemmenial coorinatioB and planoiog anJ ^'If Jiu'v ii-itiH'>wuiiiili'ilHw.|-. nt by the poor.' ',i^ntral to this was a ^uuu uu^ci ^MLUU a cuuaimiuiU

By Nikki Paley "In every generation, each person should feel as though s/he were redeemed from Egypt, as it is said: You shall tell your children on that day saying, 'It is because of what the Lord did for me when I went free out of Egypt.' For the Holy One redeemed not only our ancestors, He redeemed us as well." The purpose of Pasapver is encompassed in the passage above. It teaches us that Jewish history is also a timeless gift, that Passover is not simply a commemoration of an important day of our past, but an event'in which we continue to participate. We are meant to re-experience the slavery and the redemption which occurs each day of our lives. It is our own story, yours and mine. Not just some ancient history that we ^t«ll at Passover. The focus for this reUving is (he seder. The seder include many rituals such as gating .matiah and maror (the bitt«r herbs), drinking four cups of wine,' and eating a ina^ifii'tuit feast. Its mil is are meant to 1. a the one hand, *ii the bili«fness of slavery, and. on the other, of the great joy of

of locAl Boston banks known as B-BURG lUoston Banks Jirban Renewal ('< support of pr<;uuineAt lUticians ando igious leaders. wouW lUir 1ilu.r,(t it,t^ Ite avail«' liao a funily iieekint; > iHUHiat L'lx -iiise of the iroThe t<iea was to help th> ^ become home- ' poriance it places on coniwhU*""'*' "•'" .iilegrated neigh veying the story and irhoods. meaning of Pa»sover to

the next generation. It '\a the CHILDREN'S role to ask the four questions, the CHILDREN'S task to find the afikomen. It is the CHILDREN for whom we are celebrating. The CHILDREN are what keep us going and what

keep our Tradition alive. Nowadays, with all the divorce and family breakup and poorly motivated kids, the carrying on of the Tradition is harder than ever. People have gotten lazy; people hav^ forgotten; and people just don't care anymore. It is the adult's job to impress upon the children the significance of the answers to the Four Questions for they fully understand what the children do not: that the future of the Jewish People lies with them, that for the People to continue its 3,300 year history each of us and each of our. children must feel as though they themselves were slaves in Egypt and were redeemed. In tliis way, each new generation can take its place in the chain of the Jewish people leading down from the Exodus to the present. The central meaning of Passover is Uberation, and hence, it is also.called "Zeman heiruteinu "—the season of our liberation. Another name for Passover is • "Hag Ha-aviv"—the hobday-of Spring. The'Jewish

calendar is set so certain hohdays always occur at a particular season of the year. Thus, the holiday of our liberation is also the holiday of Spring, not simply by coincidence, but by design. Following the bleakness of Winter, when everything is covered with the shrouds of snow. Spring marks the rebirth of the Earth with the bursting forth of new green life. Similafly, a Peqple shackled in oppressive slavery, doomed to a slow process of degradation and extinc- ^ tion, bursts forth out of Egypt into a new life's journey leading to a land flowing with milk and honey. The watchwords of both Spring and Passover are "Rebirth" and "Hope." The spirit of renewed optimism aroused hy the sights and smells of Spring are reinforced in a Jewitih context by_ Passover with its trumpeting of the possibilities of liberation. Passover reminds us annually that no matter how terrible our situation, we must not lose hope.

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&® QUIF© ©®ffm@ff by Glen Fmeman Executive Director Jewish Family Service Family: a system composed of several individuals working together toward a common goal. In order to achieve that goal effectively, there mu^t be open communication, which is the thread that holds the family system together. While working together, the family's goal must be to maintain a steady slate of homeostasis, or a balance. However, the image of the traditional family is changing. In the effoct to find this balance, the evolution of the family has been an interesting process. There have been major shifts in family structure over the last 30 years. During the 1960s, there was a great trend toward rebelliousness or acting out against established societal norms. As this attitude came mostly from teen-agers and young adults, it began to put a strain on the family unit. This gave way to people striving for greater independence and search for individuality in the 19708. As the family was apparently shifting in structure, the traditional, close nuclear family unit of the decades prior to 1960 was in jeopardy. As the focus on individuality intensified, "the family" felt the stress of its members pulling it apart from within in opposite directions. As the decade progressed, a rise in behavior problems in children, family violence, dysfunctional families, and divorce was apparent. During the following decadei there was a greater awareness of the existence of these problems end an acceptance of individual differences. Family Therapy and other mental health interventions became more prevalent, and needed, in order to address these issues and to find solutions to the apparent family disintegration. Alongside these trends and shifts, increased mobility and modem technology have further driven a wedge into the traditional family. As our modern society becomes more complex and extended family members continue living further apart, more stress is felt by the individual family. Economic instability led to greater vulnerability and people became more dependent upon outside sources for emotional support. Greater emphasis needed to be placed upon communication. Instead of family members looking to each other for help, the current trend has been to search for support systems outside thefamily unit into the community, such as synagogues, schools, co-worker^, and fantily service agencies. Friends are oft^n sought in place of relatives, as the extended family is either geographically or emoticmaDy distant. Despite this seeming fragmentation of our family structure, the essence of homeostasis and the yearning family ties has remained intact. As the 19908 begin, lere seems to be a shift back to a need for roots and a feeling of belonging to the family. People define themselves and derive their self-esteem in relation to others. It isrealized more that individuality can be maintained within the family structure. Family members must also be sensitive tu each other's changing needs. Though the ter appearfmce of the traditional nuclei family has langed, the need for fanvily is porantount The faiiiily is a str<ong system that wems to ha\ e held up to many years.of tension and pressure. Family today nuy mean something different to many people, yet' need for closeness and emotional security is more ident than ever. Where communication nu^- have been important thread to hokl (unilies together in the t. it is the essential ingredient to make the family k tod«y. Each individual must use open, honitt comoication to strengtban and preserve society's moat valuable ireaiure^the precioui (amil>

Passover

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§^ By Bert Lewis

Passover 1992-80und8 important, doesn't it? Well, it IS important, for many reasons. For one thing, if you're reading this it means you managed to make it from Passover 1991 until now... not necessarily a small accomplishment! Has it been a busy year for you? I hope it was a good year, with happy events arid fullfilling challenges. With any luck at all, there weren't too many traumatic days. Speaking of trauma, how was the preparation for Passover this year? In some ways, many women find it a killer. For certain, it's the time when \ye separate the shtarkeh from the not-so-shtark. Everybody already knows how much stamina it takes to gefffom "today we begin preparing for Passover " to "all right, if we're all ready, let us begin the seder." To the faithful who change every dish, every pot and pan, every fork, spoon, and knife, and all the other stuff in a kitchen, the preceding days have been intense. So much to do, so little time, no matter how early it starts. But this is all part of the tradition—part of doing what our mothers and grandmothers before us also did. And, no need to again recall, it took a lot more effort BEFORE the era of electronic magic! When I was a child, everybody you expected at the

Pag* S3

JtwUh Praia

seder table was close by, geographically. If somebody to cut us out of the fabric of mankind. Yet, we hang is was absent, it was likely because they were with "the there. other side of the family," not so much because they were We weave a pretty strong fabric for ourselves, we in another city. Today, it's a very different story. Jews. We believe so implicitly in the true meaning of Our world has changed drastically, as those of us charity, of helping those who need us, of the obligation whose children live in other states already know. It isn't to make the world letter, of behaving honorably and of always possible to assemble the entire clan around the respecting others. We have perhaps remained a viable table. I can't remember the last time ours were all segment of humanity because we respect the rights of present at the same time to see the wine glass lifted and other religions, as we hope they respect ours, to hear the first sounds of the Kiddish. This year will And while we note respect for other religious beliefs, be a little closer to the way it once was. This Passover, let's not forget that among ourselves, us Jews, there are we'll be blessed with the presence of both our sons, their differences. We don't all follow the exact same set of wives, and two of our grandchildren. rules, but that doesn't make any one group better than I don't want to sound ungrateful, so I won't even hint the other. It simply means we think (fifferently or about our daughters, sons-in-law and grandchildren who perhaps that we perceive ancient customs differently. WON'T be here. Instead, we'll enjoy our blessings and When 1 think about this subject, I'm reminded of be glad for what we have. After all, when our Christian something 1 heard a very wise man say. "Among the friends say it's better to light one candle than tq curse three major branches of Judaism, perhaps the differthe darkness, they're right! ences may add up to 10 percent. But what about the The out-of-towners haven't seen their Bobie for quite other 90 percent?" Well said. Cantor. a while and I'm not sure who is looking forward more— This column was supposed to use Passover as the the Robie or the kids. This part of the entire event of theme, not personal philosophy. But since Passover THE SEDER has the most meaning this year... the celebrates the freedom of Jews, maybe it's really apreunion of Bobie with, as she calls them, "the lawyer propriate to talk about our freedom to choose the KIND and the doctor." Spoken like a pro, right? of Judaism we practice. This year I personally will try to just remember the In this, the Omaha Jewish community, there has been importance of those who are here. choice as far back as I can research. For those of us who It won't be easy, because the holidays are when we have lived here most of our lives, we have been comfortmiss the lost family members the most. But not too able with that. 1 pray it will remain ever thus. much about being Jewish is easy, is it? So... I've rambled a little and digressed, maybe, a Tradition requires that we practice various customs lot. Maybe not. Many families enjoy the Passover taexactly as always, no matter what the present-day cir- ble as the lilace to have spirited discussions regarding cumstances. And after all, isn't that one of the ways differences of opinion. Since I can't be at YOUR table. we've sustained our existence? No matter what the cen- I've used this forum. tury or the ruler, there has always been somebody 'eady Have a happy, healthy, harmonious Pesach.

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Pag* 55

Jewish girls at Boys Town '7 wouldn't have made it without their help."

Participating in a Bar Mitzvah at Temple Israel are from left, Lori Passer, Brian Siff, Rebecca Uhl, and Amber Van Strom. The girls receive religious instruction in their Jewish faith on the Boys Town campus. They also participate regularly in services at Temple Israel. By Jo Carroll A group of Jewish teenage girls live just over the hill from the Jewish Community Center. They live at Boys Town. Boys Town and the Jewish conununity have a long history together. When Father; Edward J. Flanagan wanted to start .a home for boys in 1917, Henry Monsky, a member of the Jewish community, loaned him S90. Children of all faiths have always been accepted at Boys Town. But it wasn't until 1979 that girls were ucluded in admissions' policies. It has been almost 10 years since the first girl graduated from Boys Town. In May, Amber VanStrom and Reb^ca Uhl will join

the ranks. Amber and Rebecca have participated in Temple Israel activities for a year. Recently they were joined by Lori Passer, and together they gave the Haftarah blessings at Brian Siff's Bar Mitzvah. Amber, who works at a part-time job at Westroads, says she has learned more about her religion since she came to Boys Town. "Now 1 light candles and am serious about prayer. If 1 had stayed with my grandmother, 1 don't think 1 would have learned as much." Before Amber came to Boys Town, she had some reservations about being Jewish, at what she per-, ceived as an all-Catholic institution.

"I was very scared about University of Colorado in the fall. Her tuition will be prejudice," she said. When Amber first came paid by Boys Town. Rebecca Uhl, also a to live at Boys Town, she said she didn't feel as ac- graduating senior, recepted as the other chil- cently attended a program dren because she was Jew- sponsored by the ADL and the Conference of ish. "Now 1 like being Jew- Christians and Jews. The students who atish at Boys Town. It tended were identified by makes me feel unique." Amber is like every schools. There was no hesiother senior in the spring. tation as Rebecca said, •"1 can't wait to graduate." "Boys Town." "I'm never ashamed of The hardest part about being at Boys Town, says livingat Boys Town," ReAmber, is "Being away becca said. "I got another chance. I would never have from my;family." In praise of Boys Town made it without them." The girls know basic Heshe said, "It's nice to know I have a healthy brew, thanks, in part, to, home environment. And -Don Schwartz, who teaches that I've succeeded in them on a volunteer basis every Wednesday night. proving myself." Rebecca, Amber and Lori. Amber is looking forward to attending the live in different households

with their home teachers. Each girl lives with a family where other children of different ages are also being cared for. The Christian and Jewish holidays are both observed. Jewish children from Boys Town have been frequent guests at the home of Judy and Barry Siff. They share birthday dinners and often find more than pne extra child at their Sabbath dinner table. It was only natural to Brian Siff that the girls take part in his Bar Mitzvah ceremony. "It's just like family to have them participate," Brian said. Rebbeca, Amber and Lori sang the Hoftorah blessings when Brian read from theTorah. Afterward, they sat with the Siff family in

the front of the sanctuary. "1 was so scared and nervous," Rebecca said. "1 was afraid I would trip up the stairs." But she didn't. The Siff family held the reception for the Bar Mitzvah at the Boys Town administration building. Brian designed the invitations to his Bar Mitzvah. Note cards using that design are being sold. The profits will go to further Jewish education at Boys Town. Just as Father Flannagan and Henry Monsky bought the community together years ago, now Amber, Lori, Rebecca and the Siff family are playing a part in the continuation of this tradition.

BOYS |1'TOWN

Amber Van Strom, 18, and Brian Siff, 13, celebrate their birthdays

rK I '^ t VMDUIM^IIO

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I Don Sohwartx, • volunteer teacher tnm Temple Israel, shows the TMmh to Knthy Sorenson, religou" ««'u«'»">i- «* iiiiv« Town

-.«j^/

Proceeds (h>m the sale of notecardi with this deilffn will be used to educate Jewish youth at Boys Town. The card was designed by Brian Siff for his Bar Mltivah. Information can be obUinod Arom Temple Israel.

irt-" --f^m

Pag* M

J»wl«h Pr«H

April 17,1M2

Book review: •

Dershowitz's "Chutzpah" is must reading Chutzpah. Alan M. Dershowitz. Little, Brown & Co., 34 BeaconStreet, Boston, MA 02108.1991.378 Pages. $22.95 By Zel Levin The Yiddish word, "chutzpah," has positive and negative connotations, says Alan Dershowitz—boldness versus unmitigated gall. Give the Harvard professor credit for the former. He has walked where others feared to; shouted where others whispered; argued and in fact, declaimed where others stood silent, The result is a searing, searching no-punches pulled two- pronged attack on anti-Semitism coupled with a stern challenge to fellow Jews to assert their rights as ffrst-class citizens. Now that the initial furor has diminished over the publication of this intrepid and unabashed venture into erstwhile verboten territory, an objective study of "Chutzpah" seems in order. As the author points out, the time is ripe for reassessment of the status of Jews in America as he poses two relevant queries; Why does anti-Jewishness persist and can Jews afford the risk of charges of collective paranoia and the dangers of crying wolf? There's not the slightest doubt where Dershowitz stands. He writes, not as a world-famous defense lawyer but as a staunch defender of the faith. And in the course of developing his thesis that anti-lSemitism stjU abounds, that the 'Sha Shtill" attitude of many Jews has been costly and unproductive, the author's wrath falls unsparingly on persons of prominence as well as prestigious organizations. . • His "dishonor roll" is long and shocking, headed by Pat Buchanan, former Whit« House oMicial and nationally-syndicated columnist, who asserted that the demand of greater sensitivity to Je.wish concerns is "becoming a joke;" who defended Klaus Barbie, the butcher of Lyons; and who expressed doubt that Jews were ssed at Treblinka. But the brash Buchanan has good mpany from the past and present. John H. McCloy, American high commissioner to Germany after World War II, was one of the wor8t^ He pardoned Nazi criminals, advised President .Roosevelt to reject refugees and was instrumental in preventing allied bombing which could have saved thousands of lives. There are others—H.L.

Mencken, Theodore Dreiser, Immanuel Kant, even Martin Luther who initially praised the Jews but wound up so vicious that he can be viewed, says the writer, "as a predecessor of Hitler who followed Luther's blueprints." It is no surprise to read that longtime Harvard President A.Lawrence Ix)well was an overt racist, that future Supreme Court Justices Harlan Stone and William Howard Taft were anti-Semites but it is distressing to read about some of our fellow Jews. Justice Frankfurter admitted that Jews were the most vilified and persecuted minority in history, but did little to combat that attitude, reputedly so as not to endanger his credibility with Roosevelt. Herbert Lehman, Samuel Rosenman, Bernard Baruch—all could have done more. Only Henry Morgenthau of that era was brave enough to fight and speak out. In fact, the deeper you get into the book, the angrier you get—not at the messenger but at the message. Never mind this business of a "shonda for the goyim." We've contributed a great deal, Dershowitz asserts, and this country is as much "ours" as "theirs." Early on, the writer learned of the unfair hierarchy in the legal profession where top jobs went to white Protestants despite, for exAmple, his case where he was editor-in-chief of the Yale Law Journal aind at the top of his class. Similar discrimination existed in other professions. Elite cplleges had their occasional "House Jew" to ward off criticism and employed code phrases such as "character studies" to minimize or exclude Jewish students. Dershowitz cites example after example. Harvard's • first professor of Judaic studies, Prof. Harry Wolfson cautioned Jewish students to "submit to fate rather than struggle foolishly." Jews were expected to behave like grateful guests in someone else's homie, Dersho^tz states, noting that the issues at Harvard were but a microcosm of the issues facing Jews in general. Some early critics have seen this book as thinly disguised self-aggrandizement. They are mistaken. The Harvar,d professor has called on personal experience and worldwide travel to give us a grim, realistic appraisal of conditions past and present that threaten Jewish existence. In so doing, he has stepped on many a toe and he could care less. ' He's not interested in winning a popularity contest. He is interested in his fellow Jews, in the fate of Russian Jewish refugees, in driving home the tragic lesson of the Holocaust, in dramatizing and publicizing the pervasive ignorance and actual stupidity of some Ameri-

cans. The "hate" mail he has received is worthy of a book by itself. This is a plea for Jews to stand up and be counted and a cry for justice that Der^owitz hopes all Americans will hear and heed. He suffers for the Jews who went to their death, crying " Aili Aili Lama Azavtani," (My God, my God, Why Hast Thou Abandoned Me?) and he confronts those whose actions might invite another catastrophe. The pain that he feels for Jonathan Pollard, for Rabbi Ayraham Weiss, for Anatoly Shcharansky is real—as real as his loathing for the likes of Noam Chomsky, Norman Podhoretz, Abbie Hoffman and William Kunstler.

Good morning JCC Eleanor Dzie wa, day care worker at the Jewish Community Cneter, greets Eitan Tsbari and his daughters, ElVat and Gal. He brings the girls to the JCC on his way to work.

Happy Passover

The SEDER Has Brought Loved Ones Together For Generations... Generations... Generations

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HAIFA—About 260 persons from 37 countries registered for the Fourth International Conference of the Jewish Media held in Jerusalem some weeits ago. Without examining their journalists' credentials too carefully, less than 80 of these were women. Perhaps this explained why attendance was sparse at the workshop session on the subject of "The Image and Status of Women in the IsraeU Media." Panel speakers, and the subsequent discussion, did not limit themselves to women in the media, but ranged broadly over the whole field of the role and image of women in general. There is an illusion that women are prominent in most aspects of Israel life, based on quick reference to Golda Meir, to women's service in the army, and the role which women are supposed to play as equals, in kibbutz Ufe. The reality is quite different^ It was pointed out that the daily press may feature pictures of men prominent in publip life, even repetitively, but women's pictures seem to get in only on criteria of pulchritude, scandal, or daring dress. In the ultra-orthodox press, the ban on publication of a woman's picture is so firm that on.occ^ions when a group picture does indeed make the printed page, artists touch up any women's faces which are included by sketching in side locks and appropriate headgear. Yet on one issue, the most outspoken organizations battling against unfair treatment of women in pubUc Ufe do agree with the ultra-orthodox: while they do not condone the burning of bus shelters, they, too, object to the lurid advertising posters which demean the image of women. Toward the close of the session, one of the journalists threw out a challenge to the panel: list the names of the 10 women most proininent or most distinguished in Israel Ufe today. It seemed like a simple request, but everyone present suddenly realized that it was not easy to think of 10 such names on the spur of the moment. This was indeed an illustrationof the situation. Before we present their names, can you list the outstanding women in Israel today? After considerable thought, two women on the panel did present such a Ust, and a man in the audience augmented it with his names. Since there were duplications, we have amalgamated the three lists, and offer them here in alphabetical order—adding ,brief identification after names which may not be familiar to readers abroad: Shulamit Aloni, Hadassah Ben-Ito (a retired judge), Miriam fien-Porat (national comptroller and watchdog 'of public ethics), Geula Cohen, Yael Day an, Sarah Doron (Likud member of the Knesset), Tamar Uozansky (a leader of the Communist party), Chana Misron (actress), Rivka Michaeli (entertainer), Ora Namir (Labor party leader), Shoshana Netanyahu (justice of the Supreme Court), Yehudit Havitz (singer), Penina Rosenbloom (sex symbol and now an industrifllist), Alice Shalvi (a leader of the women's movement), Naomi Shenier (songwriter), Anna Smashnova {tennis player), Orly Yaniv (TV annoupcar), Chana Zemer (newspaper editor).

HAPPY PASSOVER Southwest Bank The Ri^Kt Directkm in Banking

Book review Angles of Vision; A Memoir of My Lives, by Philip M. Klutznick with Sidney Hymaa. Chicago: Ivan R. Dee, 1991, 406 pages, $27.50. By OUver B. Pollak Shaper of urban landscapes, adviser of presidents, and servant to Jewish causes. Any one of these activities would warrant jicclaim. The combination of economic enterprise, public and conununal service, represent the remarkable achievements of Phihp M. Klutznick. His story is rooted in his parent's departure from Russia in 1906 following the Kishinev pogrom. He was bom in Kansas City in 1907 and by the age of 15 was making speeches in behalf of Harry Truman's bid for a county judgeship, Klutznick's is an American success story, . In his service to AZA, through his education at Creighton Law School, and employment with the City of Omaha to counter the depression's effect on the locsJ {economy, Klutznick simultaneously fostered economic development and the volunteer spirit. Klutznick achieved national recognition in pubUc housing. He served in Roosevelt's administration coordinating wartime housing needs. This experience, and his financial acumen, led to the successful development of Park Forest, Illinois, a model community of 30,000 near Chicago, and the development of the port of Ashdod in Israel. Klutznick served Presidents llruman, Eisenhower, Kennedy and Johnson, in various capacities, most notably as a delegate and ambassador to the United Nation. Finally Jinuny Carter appointed him Secretary of Commerce. Just as Klutznick climbed the ladder of financial and government success, he climbed the rungs of Jewish organizational activity. He was B'nai B'rith District 6 president in 1940 and President of the International order from 1953 to 1959. He later led the Conference of Presidents of Major Jewish Organizations and the World Jewish Congress.

Anecdotes about people, places

What ela« does this autobiography tell us about Philip M. Klutznick that cannot be obtained from speeches of introduction and encyclopedia entries'/ There are anecdotes about people and politics including Eleanor Roosevelt, Frank Lloyd Wright, David BenGurion, Adlai E, Stevenson, John F. Kennedy, Cyrus Vance, and the Bronfman family from whom he bought landon which the Chicago Water TowSr stands for ten million dollars. Klutznick attributes his success and philosophy to his parents, a good Jewish upbringing, maintaining a good family life, and his continuing to learn Jewishly from Mordecai Kaplan and Nohum Goldmann. The book is dedicated to his wife, Ethel Riekea, and repeatedly caeationa his chiklren, their upbringing, education, and incwporation into his business enterprises. Klutznick's message to'world Jewry has not always been unanunously acclaimed. Although an ardent Zionist from his youth h^ also asserts the importance of the America!) Jewish heritage and that of the Diaspora, opposed Israel's incursion into Lebanon in the earl 19B0B. More controversial is his willingness to Usten' and meet with Israel's Arab adversaries. What does one do with wealth that yoes beyond I needs of family security'/ Klutznick is a noted phili thropfst and his most visible contributions in Omaha Law ^^ are the Klutznick Library at Creighton University-Law ivili- ^M School and the endowment of a Chair in Jewish Civilization St Creighton University. Klutznick's "angles of vision" seen from the perij tive of on octogenarian will' ' he reader and ma^^^ not be the last word on thi'. >; figure. This book is available at the Jewish I' uuuruiiun Library

Happy Passover to all my friends from

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April 17, in2

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JNF exhibition: 'One hundred years of btue boxes A crumpled and burnt metal box, whose blue color is barely distinguishable, is one of the highlights of the Jewish National Fund's recent Blue Box Exhibition, which took place in Jerusalem during the Zionist General Council of the World Zionist Organization. This Bliie Box, along with 61 others, was discovered in the rubble of the Warsaw ghetto after World War II. The exhibition was held in cooperation with Prof. Shaul Ladani of Ben-Gurion University in Beersheva who collected most of the Blue Boxes in the exhibition and, in honor of JNF's {IQth anniversary, will travel around the country during the year. The earUest Blue Boxes, distributed almost 100 years ago, represented the first practical steps toward the rebirth of the State of Israel. Every Jewish family was a partner in fulfilling the Zionist dream of statehood by lutting its coins in the box and contributing to the iemption of the land on which the Jewish national lome on would be established. the Blue Box has always been a symbol of the link between Jews everywhere and the soil of their homeland. Not all Blue Boxes are blue, nor are they all boxes. Black, green and other colored boxes, and books and cans which served as Blue Boxes, were on display. The Blue Box still retains pride of place in many countries such as Australia, which leads the world in Blue Box contributions. Over 10,000 volunteers clear the Blue Box twice a year. Fittingly, a giant monument in the .shape of a Blue Box mounted on the map of Australia stands in the Middle of JNF's Australia Park at Misgav in northern Israel. The surviving Blue Box from the Warsaw ghetto was Yehuda Silberman's gift to the JNF. Born in Poland, Mr. Siiberman served in the Soviet and Polish armies, trying to make his way to Israel while dodging antiSemitic elements in both armies. ' In 1944, With the war almost over and all the Jews in his hometown either dead or living elsewhere, Mr, Siiberman, at the time a Zionist youth leader, organized the Zionist youth movements to clean out the Warsaw ghetto and put up a monument. During the work he uncovered two items which caught his eye; a gun and thf charred remains of what he knew was a JNF Blue Box He turned the gun over to the authorities but kept the Blue Box. "It was important because it proved to me that there were Jews in the ghetto who were Zionists and dreamed of a Jewish state," Mr. Siiberman said at the emotional occasion when he officially turned the Blue Box over to the JNF. Another special box is the one which belonged to Bernard Bucholdt. When transferred from Ixxiz Ghetto, the (iermans made the Jews leave their suitcases by the train and choose juat one item for the journey. Most people chose a warm coat but Mr. Bucholdt chose the box. The destination was Auschwitz and he hid the box under the floorboards in his barracks Sometimes at night, he would take it out of its hiding place and hold it. "It was my mozuza, " said Mr. Bucholdt, who pre^ ited the box. with shaking hands, to the JNF. "All Israel, all of tpy Jewish heritage was in thai box."

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Apiii 17. ^iii

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Menachem Begin, ex-freedom fighter, made war but brought peace to Israel

JTA Staff Report JERUSALEM (JTA)-Menachem Begin, son of a Jewish timber merchant in czarist Russia who became Israel's sixth prime minister 15 years ago, was a man driven to feats of courage and the depths of despair. His vision was forged from the Holocaust and love for the Jewish people. Begin, who died here at 78, embodied the history of Jews in this century, particularly those whose lot was inextricably interwoven with the birth and continuance of the State of Israel. He will likely be remembered most for signing Israel's first peace treaty with an Arab neighbor in March 1979. But Begin also will go down in history as the prime minister who led Israel into its first war that did not have the universal backing of Israelis, beginning with the 1982 invasion of Lebanon. A native of Brest-Litovsk, he lived to learn that his parents and brother had perished in the flames of the Holocaust. Begin, who was bom Aug. 16, 1913, first joined the Socialist Zionist youth movement Haihomer Hatzair. At the age of 16, though, he embraced the ideas of the Revisionist Zionist Vladimir Ze'ev Jabotinsky and became a member of the BeUr Zionist youth movement in Poland.

B0gln turned militant

UDegin turned out even more militant than Jabotinaky. ^e dcsbed with Jabotinaky at the 1938 Betar convention, denaandlng ita reorientation-with the goal of "conquMt of the homdand by force." He received a law degree in 1936 from the University of Warsaw and took over the leadership of Bet«r. In 1939, when the Naais invaded Poland, Begin fled to the Soviet Union. He was arrested in September 1940 ud charged with eepiopage. He was taken to a concentration camp in Siberia, where he was sentenced to eight years. But Soviet authorities freed him in 1941 aa part of an accord with the Polish government in exile that allowed for the freeing of some 1.6 million Polish citizens, igin then found his sister, the only other survivor their family. He was active in the Illegal inunigratiOD of Jews to Palestine

Joined the Free Polish Army He soon joined the Vree Polish Army, The stint tcx>k him to Iran and then Palestine. He learned English from listt •MRC Radio. He then served in the British A> ttine as an Interpreter until 1943. At ititti lime, he becaow the leader of the liberation moveptent Irgun Tivai LeumI—Etiel-wbose means were more vloMnt than the mainstretoi Haganah, with which he disagreed over how to push the British out of PalaatiDe. Imdor his !c<ad«rshiD. th« hifun in 1946 blew un a wing of I 'urusalem where the British „... ... .v..,„ , ^tu 90 people were killed \A that bombing. There were Jews and Arabs among the

dead, as well as British. Begin's picture, that of a wanted terrorist, was posted in all British prisons and offices in Palestine. The British conducted an extensive manhunt for Begin, who had a price on his head that began at $8,000 but was raised to $50,000. He escaped the British dragnet by disguising as a bearded Orthodox rabbi. Begin wrote about his days with the Irgun in "The Revolt." He also wrote another book. "White Nights," about his time in a Soviet labor camp.

Knesset, only 29 of Likud's 43 representatives were among the majority approving the accords.

Wins Nobel Peace Prize

In 1978, Begin and Sadat were honored with the Nobd Peace Prize. Only Begin went to Oslo that December to accept the prize. Begin deeply valued his friendship with Sadat. When the Egyptian leader wa? assassinated by Moslem fundamentaUsts in October 1981, Begin went to Cairo and walked to the funeral, which was held on a Saturday, the Jewish Sabbath. But Begin's name has also become synonymous with the invasion of Lebanon, beginning a war that would Helped found Herut cause a sharp rift in the country. Begin helped found the Herut party in 1948 and was The war was begun to rake out Palestinian terrorists from then to 1967 leader of the opposition in the Knesin southern Lebanon who had been shelling Israel's set. Jn 1969, he was named ^linister without portfolfo north. But it soon escalated to an invasion of Beirut in the post-war national unity Cabinet. itself, Israel's first incursion into an Arab capital. In 1977, after Israel had lived under the exclusive doThere were those who maintain that it was not Bemain of the Labor Party for nearly three decades, Begin's but Ariel Sharon's decision, as defense minister, gin's Likud bloc managed, in a stunning election upset, to enlarge the theater of war and enter Beirut. to unseat the veteran party, which was thm riddled by In September 1982, Begin sent a letter'to U.S. Sen. dissension and tainted by economic scandal. Alan Cranston (D-Calif.K a stalwart friend of Israel's, Begin'a tenure aa prime minister was different than in reply to Cranston's criticism of Israel's incursion into all thoae that preceded He was the first prime minister Lebanon and the subsequent massacres at the Sabra and to r^er not to the West Bank but to Judea and Samaria, Shatlla Palestinian refugee camps. considering them an bt^al part of the Land of Israel. No sooner had he been elected than he w«Dt off to visit "... totally despicable" _ an Israeli settlement in the West Bank< Elon Moreh, and . In the letter. Begin charged that "the whole coi^ declared it part of "liberated Israel." It was under his paign" to blame Israel for the massacres was "unbelievtenure that Jews embarked on the wh9leeale settlement able, fantastic and totally despicable." of the territories. But he also acknowkidged that the senator hod "a per Begin viewed the Arab states with utmost suspicion feet right, even from afar, to criticize larael's actions over their designs on the Jewish state. or proffer advice, because you are a real friend of our people and country." . Sought bombing approval In 1983, as the Israeli public was experiencing a deep In June 1981, Begin asked the Cabinet to approve the division over the war. Begin called on Israelis to "show bombing of the Iraqi Osirak nuclear reactor. On the Jew- tolerance, rid themselves of hatred and show underish holiday of Shavuot, Jsraeli planes flew below radar standing .of each other." He said that "differences.of opinion were legitimate detection through Arab airspace and destroyed the facility, which Israel later claimed had been primed to and should not lead to physical confrontation." start up. , His statement was th« closest he came to denouncBut Begin also came to cherish the role of peaoemaker. ing violence that led to the killing, by right-wing JewIt was after several visits to the United States and ish demonstrators, of Emil Grunzweig, a Peace Now proKoiuunlu whii'h wim ihiin iitiiviiii/ iKi' riil>> iiF "iv-hetween, testor of the Lebanon war. Begin was deeply troubled by the high death toll from Ihii' Egypt's the war. He suffered a further crushing blow when his Proumirl. Tl" i it) his.historic beloved wife, Aliza, died in November 1982. In September 1983, Begin stepped down aa pnine minvisit m Novcmrxir i;;i /,mo iirni uiiu only Arab ruler ister, saying he could go on no longer. H« spent the fito do so publicly. The path from Sadat's Knesset podium to the sign- nal decMie of hie life a near total reduae, liviog with his ing of the peace treaty on the White House lawn was daughter and visited only by a dose drcW of fritnds and a bumpy one. his nngtime friend and colleague, Yehiei Kodiohai. Thereoftor, the f*w timee that Begin preeented himBe|in-as wt>H n<i many Laborites resisted Egypt's initial demand iiunoflhi' iiandfor self in public, he looked pole and frail. It was a sharp a prnmiNii of n ., -u the Pelesu ihe W«'"t I'liiitrtiHt from th» irnnifo of th« fii-rv Likud leader who peace treaty with Ba» ip. A at(

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........... ..luodshed. No more

IxTcavement. Peace unto you. Shalom, Salam."