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Vol. LXV No. 2ft Omaha, Nabr.

SERVMQ NEBRASKA AND IOWA SINCE 1920 14 Mam, 9741 FiMay, April 1,1«M

Happy Passover — 5748

J«wtoh PraM

AprH 1, 19U

Happy Passover 5748 The Sunday, May 16, 1948 issue of The Palestine Post carried the banner headline that Jews have asked for in prayers over the centufies: 'STATE OF ISRAEL IS BORN' The news copy under the headline went across the eight columns of the newspaper and read as follows: "The first independent Jewish State in 19 cefituries was born in Tel Aviv as the British Mandate over Palestine came to an end at midnight on Friday, and it was immediately subjected to the test of fire. "As 'Medinat Yisrael' (State of Israel) was proclaimed, the battle for Jerusalem raged, with most of the city falling to the Jews. "At the same time, President Truman announced that the United States would accord recognition to the new State. A few hours later, Palestine was invaded by Moslem armies from the south, east and north, and Tel , Aviv was raided from the air. "On Friday the United Nations Special Assembly adjourned after adopting a resolution to appoint a mediator but without taking any action on the Partition Resolution of Nov. 29. "Yesterday the battle for the Jerusalem-Tel Aviv road was still under way, and two Arab villages were taken. In the north. Acre town was captured and the Jewish Army consolidated its positions in Western Galilee."

The Theme Those of us who were alive in those early days would feel emotions that only Jews could feel-SIX MILLION of our feUow Jews had been executed in the Holocaust and the details of the gruesome exterminations were fresh in our minds. And while te^s could not wash away the pain of the living for the suffering of the dead, there was recognition that a miracle had occurred—in out time. Israel now existed and for the first time in centuries, there was a place for; Jews to live. Much has happened in the 40 years since the birth of the Jewish State and even today the struggle for survival continues. Yet, the fact of her existence strengthens Jews everywhere and through the continuing support of the United States and fellow Jews aroimd the world, the hope is that the modem State of Israel wiU prove to be etemaUy a light unto nations. In this Passover issue— celebrating Israel's 40th birthday—we have attempted to demonstrate the commitment of Omaha area Jewry to the State. We commissioned Alan Potash, former assistant cultural arts director of the Jewish Community Center who is now residing in Israel—to do a series of photo/stories about those individuals from this area who are in Israel at the present time.

1988 He contacted as many individuals as he could in the allotted time frame an^ his efforts > are presented in this issue. In addition, we were in the fortunate position of being able once again to rely on Bert Lewis, a delightful Jewish Press columnist, who visited Israel recently wearing the hat of the head of the Women's Campaign for the Jewish Federation. She took up the challenge of interviewing some of the people who accompanied her and her husband, Leonard, who not only served as head of the Men's Campaign but who also took some of the photographs for Ms. Lewis' stories. Her efforts also are presented in this issue. In a message accompanying her stories, Ms. Lewis said: "It is the hope of those who keep the wheels of the Omaha Jewish Federation turning that last November was just the beginning. That each year another Israel mission will be organized and that many of our Jewish community will take advantage of the opportunity to go to that incredible Uttle country." We heartily agree. And to that "irrcredible little country" we wish a gigantic mazel tov: to Israel—the land and her people—from your family in the diaspora. Hope you enjoy the i»i»ue.

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'No Other country welcomes Jews like Israel' By Alan E. Potash "You feel as though your whole life opens up when you get here! Then you think of all the time you have wasted.'' In 1982, Dorothy Brandt decided that it was time to make it happen. While we were sitting in her apartment, she explained to me the importance of making Aliyah. "When Avraham came, no one offered him anything." This is her defense when people try to criticize the system of absorption in Israel. "No other country welcomes Jews like Israel. "I came into Judaism in a beautiful way. I came from a home with good parents and our home was always filled with joy and people. When I went to college I became disillusioned with my religion. When I moved to Omaha and Jennie Bear got me started doing volunteer work, I knew that I wanted to be Jewish." Yehudit (Dorothy has taken that Hebrew name) is busy almost every day of the week. She has continued with her volunteer work; one day with AMIT women at a place called Child Haven in Gilo, another day helping out at this place and that. After work, she spends her time studying.

One day at this yeshiva, an evening at the NCSY ceAter, another day at Chabad. "Here in Israel, one is satisfied with the bare minimum. If you are busy working with people, you don't have time to polish your silver or you don't hav« time to run around because you are busy helping people! "People come from all over the world, some with problems and others without problems. If they know that there are people willing to help them, they feel much better about being here." Yehudit is chairman for AMIT women's rummage sales; she invited me to come to one in French HiU. I don't frequent this neighborhood very often; it is one of the more established sections of Jerusalem. I got off at the wrong bus stop and since I was not in a rush I thought of cutting through one of the United T^ation's outposts. As I started to walk through, I realized I made a bad decision. Not that I was in danger, I simply walked into the memorial site of the Six Day War. This famous memorial is called "Ammunition Hill." Everyone who

has been to Jerusalem' since 1967 has probably visited it. Walking through this area makes one i«alize the extent of the war in '67. This area, known as Ainmunition Hill, separated two parts of Israeli Jerusalem . <. naturally a bwder between Israel and Jordan. Today it ii9 a memorial and the border is now at least 15 miles away. Across from that street is the rummage i9ale. What is special about the rummage sale, for me, is it is in a bomb shelter. I know that in '67 heavy fighting Uwk place in this neighborhood £Uid now the shelters are being used for nunmage sales. At a time when we are questioning the areas that were won during that war, it helps to put the situation into perspective. I As I walked through the double steel diMrs, I could tell that the sale was going well. I took a few photos then I sat mth Yehudit as she took a break—she vUl be there all day. "I could only get volunteers for the morning shiftsome will stay to help out. Juat as in An erica, it is difficult to find volunteersl'

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ft was a wamit tibttr^ay for January lAtn 1 mads my mvf from JerusalHO to Mevo Choton to vMt with fomer GNoaahan Sara (SaJBb' Stanon) Oold. Mevo Choron i» 16 miles northwest of J«iualem oi three milee northeast- ef the Latrun monastery, where the bus dropped me off. Last Passover I had the pleasure of joining Sara,'her husband and four childrea fw Shabbat—I knei(r the way so I decided to walk the three miles. Baruch, Sara's husband, pointed out to me the importance of tiiis strip of land when he piclied me up a year ago. With this in mind, 1 paid close attention to the landscape. I noticed that most of the cars that drove past had the special blue license plates with the Hebrew letter "resh," for Remallah, in red (this license plate distinguishes West Bank Arabs from the rest of Israeli citizens, both Jewish and Arab.) Why is this piece of land so important? I remembered him telling me that it connected Jerusalem to Tel Aviv. He also pointed out that before the Six Day War it was the border between Israel and Jordan. As I walked I passed Arabs tending to their vineyards..Looking around, it was easy to spot the villages and the new settlements. By the time I arrived the weather changed; it started to rain. Sara is the daughter of Ervin and Miriam Simon, of Omaha. IVhen did you first come to Israel? "My firsttrip was when I was 17.1 came on Ramah's Community Program. 1 was very impressed with Israel when I finished the program. I knew I wanted to come back to Israel; whether to study or to live—I knew I wanted to return. I came back a second time, intending to participate in a program called 'sherut la'am,' where you study Hebrew and work in a development town or some place that needs people. "I went to a religious kibbutz for the ulpan (special program to study Hebrew), but was thereby separated from the rest bf my 'sherut la'am' group. At that time I wanted to be and had already become fairly observant. After the six-month ulpan, I left 'sherut la'am' and moved to Jerusalem where I found a private tutor to study Tanach (Bible) with me. Soiiie two years later, stiU in Israel, I met Baruch. We returned to the States shortly before our marriage because he wanted to study under Rav Joseph Soleveitchik in New York." At that time did you want to come back to Israel or did you want to try living in America? "We always considered our stay in America a temporary arrangement. After a few years Baruch was offered a teachfag job in Atlanta—it was about this time that we were looking into how we wanted to live in Israel."

"/ was always Jewish first and American second. As a child I remember being different— as a Jew."

Did you have a tptcific reason /or wanting to live in Israel? "1 was always Jewish first and American second. As a child 1 remember beiiig different—as a Jew. WhetW we want to or not, we ara always remmded that we are Jewish! The reason for coming to Israel: Jew* ara suiôeed to live in Israel! I did not leave America in the sens* that I fled America. I just wanted to live here in Israel "However, there are aometimes justificatioos tor living elsewhere; such as if one cannot make a living in Israel or for the sê of leamktg and teaching Torah." Why Mevo Choront "At the time that wa ware in AtlanU wa w«fa btroduced to and liked the idea «f a moahav ahituvl (it ia almilar to a UbbuU eoonomieai^, but it anablsa you to be a Mttla more independent). We discovered a 'garin' (• group tkat will develop into a community) from the Stataa tk«t had aoma of the same kieas we had. Wa Uked the peopla, ao wa dadded to go with it. "Wa came on Group Aliyah. which is good because you have a built-in support systent The 'garin' waa tamporarily aettling on Mevo ChoNO. W* were being Irainad t« Mve in and develop a moahav, Mavo Choroo waa the choaan traJBjjig ground bacswM it had BOBM of tha aasa vakMa and is a mambar of tha tana organiiaUaa that tha'garin' bakmgad to. It waa abo ia tha aama part of tha eauatty aa our moahav waa to ba> "Altar living wtth tha'gvin'for a year wa, BaNahi luahaMba I, bMn to raoooalAw if wanaVy wantad to Mva hij Angipâson aavirauMat. Tbara ware certain r on thB tha laraaU raHglaw a^nieture oo Mavo Chorat appealed to ua. Navffthaliaa, wa moved \q> to ow'gartn'l 'gart^^ new moahav. "Attar aavta montha wa decided to leave—to gobackt»w go back t Mavo Chonw. Wa dki not want the Am«ican I that ware so strong in ai»*)(arin'*'eettlamant to t part of our Uvaa. Wa «wa 4to attracted U> Mavo ChiMJH bacauae of ita Rav, to wheat wa had baooma attaohad dtt^^ ing our yaar'a stay. Wa tatt that hla hiAiaooa would have a poaitiva affect on our apirikual growth." What impressed you as UHimu* about Mevo Choront "Wa felt that it wouM ha an Uaat cultural and raUgioua (CaaUaaad a« Page 7)

April l.ltM

Sara (Sally Simon) Gold (Continued from Page 8) ivironment to raise our family. For exeii4>le, as a rdigious family, observing Sliabbat, we do not have to worry about non-observant outside influences. On Mevo Choron, everyone is "shomar mitivot" (observant of the conunandments); it is taken for granted that a man puts ontefilin every day, prays and studies Torah, and is Shabbat observant and so on. "There are no T.V.s; not that T.V. ill itself is bad, but there are many things in the media that are imdesirable. It is difficult to monitor every minute what your children are watching, ao we have decided not to have them. "We realize that the children^ horizons need to be broadened some time in their lives, but we feel that a young age is not a good age to do it. We feel that at about age 12 the children are beginning to become curious about what is out there. If you don't expose them to it, you are running a risk. How will they be able to deal with it when they are confronted with it? "So, what we try to do is take them od field trips and excursions, with supervision. We try to expose them to different things while at the same time giving them a very strong base in their own faith." Do the men on the moshav serve in the army? "On our moshav we are very supportive of the State <}l Israel and—generally speaking—no man is accepted as a 'chaver' (memberl in Mevo Choron without first having served in the army. Nevertheless, we feel that a young man studying Torah is no less a pillar of the State than is the soldier. "The actual State, as it is, leaves a lot to be desired; we need to work very hard to improve it. But we do feel the best way is from within—if possible." Even though women are not required to work on the moshav, Sara's time is very tight. Cuirently she is continuing her studies. As part of her studies she has chosen to interview people who have "returned to Judaism" (hozar b'tshuvah). Sara is also studying graphic arts—she is the moshav's graphic artist. She designed the moshav's logo which is "useid on almost everything," she says.

"Another advantage our moshav offers allows a man to take a 'vacation for Torah,' when a man is given the opportunity to study in a yeshiva for half a year while he and his family are supported in the usual fashion. "A very special part of Mevo Choron is its Rav. He has been like the spiritual designer of the moshav. When Mevo Choron started 18 years ago, it was only the Rav and his wife with a group of single boys and girls doing their national service. 'Together they eventually built the foundations." Sara is fortunate in many ways, but one way is more obvious than other ways—her parents try to come and visit every year. This is important. It helps to alleviate some of the basic preasures that force so many people to move back to the States. Besides visiting Sara, when Btrv and Miriam come to Israel, they try (roost of the time successfully) to locate relatives. This is the second year that I have had the pleasure of spending an afternoon with them and listening to their many stories about their relatives.

; ^

^We felt that It would be an Ideal cultural and religious envlronment^p raise our family. .. OnMe^iphorqn everyone Is 'shomar mltz\^t' ^L (observant of the ^m commandments)..."

I asked Sara to tell me a little about why people become "hozar b'tshuvah." "Basically, I get the impression that people feel there is something missing in their lives. It is difficult to live without standards, as most of the world seems to these days. After a while people realize that this is not the way to live. Since Judaism's value system is based on an 'Absolute Source,' it supplies us with a truer perspective of life. . "One of the most interesting people I interviewed was of Jewish birth but was raised in a Catholic home. His mother was Jewish and his father Catholic. While he was studying to become a priest, about the time of his ordination, he decided that he wanted to learn more about Judaism. He was from France. And when he started looking for a yeshiva he had difficulty finding one that would accept him. He finally found one and he began studying. "He felt 'at home' with his studies and decided that he wanted to live his life as a Jew. He told me that the basic problem that b<4bared him about Catholicism was that there are so many things you have to acxept as dogma'and that you could Hot question them. In Judaism, he said, 'Elverything can be questioned—not attacked, but questioned—with the intent to find the true answers.' " 1$ tktrt a (Ufftrtnee in the way ItratlU mcc*pt thtir new U/tttyU as mittva-obstrvtrs, compared to AnuricoMsf "YM. Israelis, for the moat part, once they decide to acoapt the yoke of Torah and mitxvot—that ia that. The chance is almost overnight. Americans, on the other hand, sfiprosch it inch by inch. It ia mors black and white for the I«MUS, whereas Amwicans are raon anatytical and doo't •s«n bothered by letting things work tbeoieelvee out, step by step." CM you ttU mt a ftw mar* things about Mevo Choront "Certainly. There sre 46 families with an average of five to six chikirea each- We have rkently started <iur own school, which we are v«ry azdted about lltis helps us to woik (owsrds our goid of educating our children to be laamad and faithful to Torah and to feel tbemselvee at>art of tlie people sod Stste of Isrsel. "On the topk of women's work in the moahav, I'd like to staborate a Uttle. Whsn one's ehiUm are BO lengw very yoong,^the woman ^re eipeeted to pitch in and help out b one of many Jobs which might be appropriate for a lew mtnings s week Every year a few woman are pecmittad, if they dosire, to study inatoad of work. Wb^n any member partldpatee in n course of etudy. the moehav fooU at least a portion of the bill.

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Pages

Jawish Pr*M

April 1, IMS

nnie and Harry Allen

Recalling visits to Israel in years past mmBy Alan B. Potasli ^^ If you want to know if there is anyope living in Israel from Lincoln or anyone that has studied or taught at the University, all you have to do is give a call to Harry and Annie Allen. They even know most of the Omahans as well. They are not yet residents of this fine nation but they are close. They have been coming to Israel almost every t. year since their daughter, Miriam, moved here in the early E '70s. This trip is going to be their longest: they will be here ' for at least two years. I had the pleasure of having dinner with the Aliens in January. Before I knocked on their Jerusalem apartment door, 1 had to make.a double take at their neighbor's door, the Costa Rican consulate. • How does it feel as parents having a daughter living here, away from the nest? Annie: "1 always think of how it must haye been for my parents and grandparents to come to America as immigrants—having to learn the language and adapt to a new way of life. 1 have a lot of admiration for our daughter. It isn't easy to pick up a new language and get accustomed to the life here—it is a much different experience than living in America." What was your reaction when she told you that she wanted to hve here? Annie: "When she first left we did not know how often we would see her. As it turns out, we have se^n her a lot! Much more than we had ever dreamed." Harry: ''She came here for an ulpan at kibbutz Na'an, that is where she met her husband, Avram. She called and said she wanted to get married. We told her that she had to get married in Lincoln and that she had to finish her degree.

"Someone will come to the house with a portfolio and then I will go collect everyone on the list." "We wanted Avram to come to Lincohi—we thought it was important for him to see what her life, environment and home were like. She came back to Lincoln and during her senior year he came to Lincoln. He found an apartment and got a job as a mechanic working on farm equipment. They got married and when she finished her studies they moved back to the kibbutz where they stillare today."

Annie; "She was recently elected to the maskerut (the General council of the Idbbutz). This is quite an honor; she is no longer just the American kid on the kibbutz. Besides raising a fainily, she received a master's degree from Bar Ilan University in English Literature. She has been teaching at the regional high school and at the Jr. high on Na'an." Miriam had only been in Israel for a year and then the Yoia Kippur war broke out, how did you feel? Annie: "We were here. We came to Israel for the High Holidays. We were staying at the King's Hotel so we could walk to the Conservative center on Agron Street. That morning I heard an airplane. I told Harry and he thought I was kidding. It is always so quiet on Shabbas and especially on Yom Kippur. "Later in the morning, you could see people were being called out of the synagogue. Everyone was directed to go to the bomb shelter. It was so crowded we could not get in. When we realized that there was a war going on, we ran back to the hotel and packed our bags, not to come back to the States but to go to the kibbutz. We found a ride. As we were driving to Na'an, we picked up several soldiers who were on thteir way to their units. All along the high-

way there were signs directing soldiers where to go and where their units were meeting. It was a very frightening experience." Harry: "We arrived to the kibbutz and Avram explained the situation to us. People were being called up but he had not yet been called. He said that they would be coming soon for him.

// makes a difference If your family tends to do Jewish-oriented things rather than secular things. "He told us that two weeks prior they had a drill in mobilization and he was in charge of mobilizing his unit for this region. 'Someone will come to the house with a portfolio and then I will go collect everybody on the list. When I finish, I will come back, pack a few things and go.' He no sooner finished telling us this then there was a knock on the door and he was off!" (Contbaed on Page 10) I

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Annie and Harry Allen (Continaed from Page 8) "We were on the kibbutz helping out the whole time. During a war situation, a kibbutz becomes dependent on volunteers because all the mOi are away fighting." Annie: "I stayed for six weeks but Harry went back a few weeks after the outbreak of the war. It was a difficult time and it sort of stays with you. "Our oldest grandson, Hagi, is named for Avram's best friend from the kibbutz. He was a captain in a tank division and was killed on the second day of the w&r. We were there when they came to tell the family. It was traumatic for all of us." How were you able to leave your daughter behind, after all that happened? Harry: "We never thought about it." Annie: "What is special about the period in time that we are living in now is our parents and grandparents did not have the opportunity to telephone or visit the members of their families that could not leave. Now you can fly or telephone whenever you want. It is a whole different experience for families." Do you think you did anything specific that enabled Miriam to want to live here? Annie: "1 think we brainwashed our children to want to come here. So far, Miriam is the only one but I think the others might come in time. They are very supportive of her and of Israel." Do you have any other family in Israel? Harry: "My sister, Ruth Bonder, has lived here for many years. She once worked in Omaha as director of activities

back when the Jewish Community Center was on 20th and Dodge Streets." « After dinner, I made arraiigements to meet with Harry the following morning. He is working for the Jewish Agency. Annie spends her mornings in ulpan. She feels it is important to be able to speak with her grandchildren in. their native language. Harry: "Two of our sons are Conservative rabbis. Needless to say, they are active supporters of Zionism. Oiir other son is a doctor and is active in his synagogue." Do you think that living in the midwest has had some influence on why or bow your family turned out this way? Harry: "We have lived in many parts of the country. I think a lot has to do with having an intense Jewish lifestyle. It makes a difference if your family tends to do Jewishoriented things rather than secular things. For example, we never went anywhere on Shabbat. Shabbat was a time for the family. We spent a lot of time talking about Judaism and Zionism. It is the intensity of practicing Judaism that helps keep you active. This is one aspect that Orthodoxy has over Reform and to some degree over Conservative—that is the way I feel—I might be wrong." Annie: "As parents you never know if what you are doing is going to work or not—we feel lucky! Every parent wants to do the right thing but you never know... I remember, as a child, writing the monthly cards for my mother who was secretary for the Daughters of Zion (Mizrachi Women). Judaism and Zionism are with you all through your life."

CJF, UJA sponsor small cities conference NEW YORK, NY — Jewish community leaders from small cities throughout the Midwest will have the opportunity to discuss their common concerns, share information and conunemorate Israel's 40th anniversary during the weekend-long conference. Co-sponsored by the Council of Jewish Federations, the United Jewish Appeal and the Illinois Small Cities Federations, the Midwest Small Cities Conference will be convened April 29-May 1 in Springfield, 111. It will feature a variety of workshops on the theme of "Enriching Jewish Life in Our Small Communities," as well as presentations pertaining to campaign and leadership development. The program will begin with the Shabbat dinner and a keynote address on the subject of "Will Our Grandchildren Be Jewish?" On Saturday night, a troupe- of young entertainers from Project Renewal neighborhoods in Israel, Orot Hashchuna (Neighborhood Lights), will provide an evening of song and dance in celebration of

Israel's 40th anniversary. Among the speakers scheduled to address Conference participants are Uri Bar Neer, the U.S. Consul of Israel to the Midwest; Rabbi Reuven Kimelman of Brandeis University and the National Jewish Center for Learning and Leadership (CLAL); and Mark Talisman, director of the CJF Washington Office. According to Conference co-chairmen Dr. Stephen Stone of Springfield and Natalie Pelavin of Flint, Mich., a special Youth Weekend for second- to eighth-graders will take place in Springfield at the same time, centered on the theme of "Youth Celebrates Israel's 40th." For further information and registration forms for the Midwest Small Cities Conference and the Youth Weekend, contact: Simcha Goldberg, Council of Jewish Federations, 730 Broadway, NY 10003, (212) 475-5000, or Eleanor Wolfet UJA Midwest Regional Office, 175 West Jackson Blvd., Suite A-1007, Chicago, 111. 60604, (312) 427-1600.

isr^to welcome Nebuchadnezzar ROME (JTA) — Nebuchadnezzar's reappearance in Jerusalem 2,500 years after his forces destroyed the First Temple will be one of the high%ht8 of the celebration of Israel's 40th anniversary, according to the man organizing the return. "I wanted the best," impresario Michael Ecker told a recent news conference in Milan. Ecker is head of Operas on Original Sites, Vienna, the company that is arranging an ^-star production of Giuseppe Verdi's opera "Nabucco" (Italian for Nebuchadnezzar) at the Sultan's Pool in Jerusalem in May. The production, which will cost at least $10 million and involve thousands of people, will be presented 12 times to an expected audience of 90,000. The opera tells of the Babylonian sacking of Jerusalem in 687 B.C.E. and its carrying off of Jews to be slaves. Leading opera stars will alternate in the cast, Ecker said, including Ghena Dimitrova, Piero Cappuccini and Renago Bnison. The Verdi Chorus of Parma wil participate. They will be accompanied by the Royal Philharmonic Orchestra of London, directed by Michel Plasson. Ecker said Vittorio Rossi of the Verona Arena will direct the production and design the costumes. Eight huge looms at a silk factory in Como, northern Italy, are producing 42,000 yards of fabric for 4,000 silken, brocaded costumes. The sets are intended to evoke the Temple and the Royal Palace of Babylon. Ecker's company also is organizing the performances of the operas "Turandot" in Peking in 1990 and "Carmen" in Seville in 1992.

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'7776 Gourmet Touch' for Passover—a host of charoset By Naomi ArUt (Copyright 1988, Jewish Telegraphic Agency, Inc.) Charoset, the mixture of fruits, nuts and wine served at the Passover seder, resembles and symbolizes the mortar that was used to build the pyramids in Egypt. Jews around the world have developed recipes using indigenous fruits for some wonderful and delicious charoset concoctions. With the great interest in foreign and exotic foods, these recipes wUl bring a new dimension to your seder. As a seder guest, you may wish to offer to prepare one or more of the following charoset recipes for the seder. ASHKENAZIC CHAROSET 6 apples, peeled, cored and chopped.. 3 tablespoons sugar or honey 1 teaspoon dnnamon grated rind of 1 lemon 1 cup chopped walnuts red Passover wine Mix aU'ingredients, adding wine to bring to desired coi sistency.

GREEK CHAROSET 20 large dates, chopped '/< cop walnuts, ground 1 cnp raioins, chopped Vi cup almonds, chopped 1 tiupoon grated lemon rind red Paaqover wine Combing fruits and nuts. Add wine to bring to desired consistency. YEMENITE CHAROSET 10 dates, chopped 10 figs, chopped 1 tablespoon sesame seeds 1 teaspoon powdered ginger red Passover wine matzobimeal Combine fruits, seeds and ginger. Add red wine and mat«al to bring it to desired consistency.

PERSIAN CHAROSET (By JoaB Nathan)

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Rabbi Michael Graetz

Following his calling By Alan E. Potash • Rabbi Michael Graetz first came to Israel in 1966 aa part of his studies to become a Conservative rabbi. He decided to move here in 1967, arriving at the end of summer, after the Six Day War. The former lincolnite currently lives and works in the town of Omer with his wife and children. What was it like coming to Israel at the end of the Six Day War? "It was a very exciting time to be-in the country. Everyone was on a high from the victory over the Arab nations! Many people said at that time that we should give back some of the captured land after the war." Did you start right away as a Conservative rabbi? "No. When we came in '67 we came to work at a youth village near Hadera. We were only there for a year; We moved to Jerusalem and I worked at Encyclopaedia ' Judaica until it was published in 1974. I decided to look for a job as a rabbi after my experience with the Yom Kippur War—I felt that I wanted to get back into Jewish education." Rabbi Graetz put together a diary of the Yom Kippur War. It was published in Conservative. Judaism, summer 1975: Sunday, October 14,1973. The call came in the evening. Join the military "Hevra Kaddisha" in Tel Hashomer. Not knowing what to expect, I went with my commander, a member of my "shul." At the Tel Hashomer, I met the group I was to be with for 72« days. At first they were suspicious of me, but I did look Jewish (beard and tzitzit). A small room, with a sliding door leading into a larger room. We were to wait there overnight, then take the plane to Refidim at five in the morning. At Tel Hashomer, I saw for the first time many of the things that were to become commonplace. The file of the dead soldier, the plain wooden coffin draped in the flag of Israel, rubber surgical gloves, masks, the unforgettable smell of death. I wondered how I' would do it. Could I look at a dead body and take it? I was supposed to photograph faces for the files. Could I do it? With all the talk about war by those who had already served one week in the North, there was an impressive aura of seriousness. No "Catch-22" or "M.A.S.H." here, no hint of irreverence, no black comedy. This was the "Hevra Kaddisha," a holy

so we came down. We liked it and we moved here permanently that summer." You mentioned that the reason you wanted to get back into Jewish education was the result of your experiences in the Yom Kippur War. Can you share some of your experiences? "Most of the young soldiers I came in contact with were not sure Why they had to fight. They knew they were defending their homes—they had a vague identification with Jewish history. They did not have a deep conception or even part of being part of the Jewish people or a part of Jewish histoi^. It was a very shocking experience for mel It was absurd—a place where Jewish consciousness was lacking was here in Israel. It is similar to the assimilated Jew in the U.S. The only difference is, potentially an Israeli could be turned on to Judaism much easier and more directly—the Israeli has the language and has a certain backing of society. "As a professional Jewish educator and Conservative rabbi, I am trained to get Jews to be more Jewish and to learn more about Judaism. I have been doing that for 14 years and I am more convinced than ever that there is a need. It is shockiilg to people both here and in the States, but they don't want to believe it. In America, everybody thinks that the people here are religious and if not reU|;ious at least a Jew." Something that has been on my mind, almost since my arrival to Israel, was the lack of Zionism. The only people tas)i, a i^at mitzvah, "hesed shel emet"—true loving kindness—since there could be no p<)^sibility of any ulterior motive. The recipient of our acts could in no way pay us back or make it worth our while. I peeked through a crack in the sliding door to see

"/ always thought that the Jewish tradition was one of the best expressions of humanity."

if I could see blood or a body. If I couldn't take it, would I quit? I saw something, took a deep breath and walked away. Well, I survived. Better not think about it. Try to sleep. One day during the Yom Kippur War, 1973. "When I got out of the army hi 1974,1 yffts looking for a pulpit. I didn't even know where Omer was, but I had heard that they just started their congregation and were looking for a rabbi. They ha^ just started their first service... on Yom Kippur—they never finished. "I knew it was near Be'er Sheva I had a good friend there

who discussed it were usually new immigrants from westem countries and students. I remember, when I was on kibbutz, o;ie day I was walking back to the kibbutz and I met a soldier on the road. We were talking and he asked m^ why I am in Israel. I responded that I was a Zionist; he replied that Zionism does not exist here, now there is a State of Israel and we don't need Zionism. (Continned on Page 15)

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April 1,isaa

JeatMiPraM

Pag* IB

Rabbi Michael Graetz

W^E (Continued from Page 14) Rabbi Graetz commented, "Zionism has gone by the board, it was a means of deeply identifying with Jewish history and Jewish nationhood. "In other words, if you already live in Israel, Zionism does not have to exist. But if you live outside of Israel, you need to connect with something in order to bring you here—Zionism. He talked about two slogans that were developed while Israel was becoming a nation; 1) "We will build a nation that will be a light unto all the nations. 2) We will be like all other nations. The Jews have to be the same as everybody else—because our problems stem from being different. "These two ideas are in contradiction of each other. You can't be special and an example to everyone if you are just like everyone. It becomes corrupted. If we are like the other nations it is okay to pillage and rule people with an 'iron fist.' It becomes a justification; be like ell the other nations—as bad as all the other nations. "Cut that whole idea out—it was a mistake. People in the education field said this being 'normal,' like aU other nations, will destroy usi We never were 'normal,' we never prided ourselves on being normal—it is against the Jewish grain to be normal." / added that the outside world does not soeusas normal but thfft 80 many people want to be normal—aaaimilation.

"It was absurd—a plape where Jewish consciousness was lacking was here In Israel."

How did you get involved in Judaism with ao much energy, drive? "I felt my calling was to help people learn how to iden'tify as Jews. Out of a strong conviction that that ia a way to be a good human being—every human being has to mold

himself, not only as individuals but also as part of a civilization. "I always thought that the Jewish tradition was one of the best expressions of humanity, Now I've found out that people interpret it differently—the way they interpret it doesn't look that hot." What ia it like being a Conaervative rabbi in larael? "The irony of Israel is that it is the one place v/ban theie is less religious freedom for Jews," Are you recognized aa a rabbi by the State of larael? "Nol" , How does that make you feel?

"Very angry! But I feel it is changing. We will have to do it the Israeli way ... Our situation, as Conservative rabbis, is mostly a political situation. The ultra-Orthodox are trying to keep us out. We will try and bring it up to the Supreme Court. They have been very concerned with the issues; the truth rather than the politics. An example is their recognition of Shoshana Miller." I left Rabbi Graetz feeUng energetic and hopeful about the future of Conservative Judaism in Israel. It is a good source in bridging the gap between the religious and secular communities. The sooner we can all live together as Jews the sooner Israel will become a light unto the nations!

U.S. Senator Dave & Liz Karnes and Daughters Wish you a Happy and Healthy Passover

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Roxanne Pappenheimer

Sabbatical in Israel By Alan E. Potash There are two Omahans who are in Israel for only a year, for now. Roxanne Pappenheimer and her husband, Mark Hornstein, are in Israel for a year while Mark is taking a sabbatical from teaching in Boston. The better part of Roxanne's day is taken up by studying in an "ulpan." Spending their year in Ramat Aviv (a suburb of Tel Aviv), Roxanne and Mark are awaiting the arrival of their first child. I found it pleasing that they would choose to have their baby bom here in Israel rather than America. Personally, I feel everyone wants to think that Israel's medical system is good—I think it takes an extra bit of confidence to have your first child in a foreign country. Not only are they having their child here, they are doing it the natural way—Lamaze. It took me a minute or two to imagine that Israel even knew about Lamaze... come to think about it, I had no idea what the standard childbirth method is in Israel.

"People are always helpful when they realize that you ai;e pregnant."

• I

Luckily, Roxanne had looked into it before.. She informed me that Israeli hospitals use a midwife. "Here, the midwife comes with the hospital. They are on staff. Actually, I think Israel is very advanced when it comes to this. The idea is that the doctors don't have the ability to stay with the patient through long labors. With a midwife, she is there from the beginning of labor to the end," Roxanne added. I had to ask her what it is like being pregnant in a foreign country (Israel). "I can always get a seat on the bus!," she said. "People are always helpful when they realize that you are pregnant. You are always asked if you need help. Also, everyone is interested in what you ate that day, when you are due, what names you are thinking of, if you need clothes ... everyone seems to be concerned. 'That coat just isn't going to be that warm—take my umbrella ...' "There is a great respect for children and pregnant women in Israel. I will miss that when we go back to Boston. In America, you would never let a child in a carriage

be watched by a stranger while you run into the stofe for a minute. You would never let a five- or six-year-old child run down three or four blocks to buy something at the store. The feeling is that if a child runs into trouble there is always a 'Yiddisha mama' close by. It is really a children's paradise. "There is so much to fear in America that if you are in a store and you start playing with a child, the parentis) gets nervous. Here, you can freely play with a child while waiting in line or some place and the parent(s) is pleased; they don't have to entertain the child for a few minutes," After talking about children and pregnancy, I asked Roxanne what she thought of her studies in the ulpan. "It is amazing. People are from all over the world. Jewish, non-Jewish, people in aU types of situikions—from Russians coming out of a country that is known for its oppression to people from Sweden who just want to be some place where it is warm and can learn a new language. The interesting part is the variety of opinions and ideas people have on the current situation in Israel. For example, the Russian immigrants view is that the Arabs should be escorted out—they (the Russians) cannot

imderstand what all the discussion is about. I find it interesting that the Russians who come from an environment of being the underdogs for so long do not identify at all with the Arabs as underdogs. They ate concerned with the fact that Israel's security comes first. "The South Africans are split-some people feel that they left South Africa because of a'aimilar situation and there are South Africans who don't understand what the fuss is all about," Roxanne said. "North Americans feel that Israel should just give back the land and hope that peace follows." She emphasized that these were rough, general opinions. She told me about her teacher "She left Syria when Israel was declared a coimtry and that the people of the Arab countries had turned against the Jews. She left illegally. Even though the Arab governments wanted the Jews to leave, they would not issue the proper exit papers. My teacher escaped alone, first to Lebanon and then into Israel. She has a great empathy for people who come to Israel." I had to get back to^ Jerusalem so we closed the inter view and I told her I would call in a few weeks to find out what she had. _ A girl—the name is Rachel. fl

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April 1, ISM

Pag* II

Jon Whitman

I .....

Israel

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an intensity of Jewishness^

"The stars opened up and I could see the stars in the sky. It was Bununertime; it was like the Biblical story—your descendents will be as numerous as the stars and the sands—it was a marvelous feeling to sleep out on the beach that first night." Jon Whitman's memory of his first night in Israel in 1972 has stayed with me since our first meeting in the faculty dining room at Hebrew University. It reminded me of my first trip to Israel, one of our nights was spent on the Mediterranean Sea. I agree with Jon that it is a marvelous feeling. He continues: "It.was a feeling of being at home, fulfilling the destinyI don't think I have ever had an experience like that anywhere else. I had never had that feeling in the U.S. Omaha is the closest place I have to call home, but it is not my home in the sense that I would want to return, to Uve out my life. Whereas here, I really feel and again, I feel it is deeply part of a destiny that 1 am fulfilling. It is not an arbitrary decision that 1 happened to have found myself in this place. This is the place of continuity for me as a JBW."

Jon has a magical way of speaking. 1 met with him on two different occasions. The first was for lunch at the university where he shared with me his thoughts and feelings about Israel. It might seem trite but I asked him why he moved here. "I could not justify my not being here to my grandchildren. What would I say to them, that there was this great opportunity that we did not have for 2,000 years and I passed it up?" When Jon made his move to Israel in 1984, he Uved in •Bo'er Sheva. He was teaching at Ben Gurion University. He discusses some of his initial feelings about Israel; its Jewishness:

/ felt very much a part of the ethnicJty of the Jewish people in a way that I never had before . . ^"The first concern I had was when I was in Be'er Sheva and all around me people were talking with a Jewish 'lilt.' Jewish concerns were on people's minds... I felt very much a part of the ethnicity of the Jewish people in a wa^ that I had never had before, even when I lived in New York.

In Omaha, even if you are deeply involved in the Jewish community, you are basically in a secular.place; a nonJewish place. ' "I was not used to the intensity of the Jewishness. I am more used to the Gentile world and Gentile habits. Some of those habits are fine. For example, there is the tradition of courtesy that is developed in the Gentile world—that is very hard to find in most places in Israel. "It would deeply trouble me when 1 lived in Be'er Sheva that 1 was encountering a shopkeeper that was like the stereotypical shopkeeper—a Jewish shopkeeper. It was an ugly feeling that I did not wont to feel! I felt the irony of the State of Israel creating the 'New Jews' and to see that we had not really created the 'New Jews;' that the 'Old Jews' brought the 'Old Jewishness' with-them and would probably be transmitting it to their children and to others that would walk into their shops.

Imagine the cultural backgrounds . . .for me It Is mind-boggling to think of how many different Interpretations can be discussed. "We, as Americans by birth, have an opportunity to contribute and change that Old Jewishness. My fiancee says that the reason she stays is that she does not like it (the Old Jewishness). She does not like the non-aesthetic parts of the country. One of the things she hopes to contribute to this country is to soften those edges—to bring a different dimension to the life here." My second visit with Jon took place in his class on the 17th-century Enghsh poet John Milton. JOD moved from Be'er Sheva to Jerusalem in 1986 to be a professor of Eng. lish at Hebrew University. First, I will'describe his students. In Jon's class, there are people from four different English-speaking countries; two to three Spanish-speaking countries plus French and Russian. Those from Israel not only speak Hebrew but the Arab students bring in Arabic. Now, imagine the cultural

backgrounds... forme it is mind-boggling to think of how many different interpretations can be discussed. I remember when I studied English Lit. in college. We had people ttom city backgrounds and country backgrounds, a few people lived abroad for awhile, but here in Israel the amount of multi-natiohal knowledge shared in a classroom is amazing. When I asked Jon about the diverseness in the classroom, he responded by saying that it is exciting to be in the class with the students because they look at the subject in a different way than what he was used to in the States. Looking at the religiousity and the philosophical aspect of Milton is incredible. There are students from religious backgrounds who bring up Talmudic-style points, etc Jon made a humorous point that Milton had ndjdea that there would be a place like Israel with students studying him in this way. Jon was married in January of this year to Ahuvah Passow, his fiancee at the time of the interviews. He is the son of Omahans Elinor and Norman Whitman.

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Pag* 20

Jawlih Prau

April 1, 1«68

Gordon Fellman

Serving the New Jewish Agenda By Alan E. Potash I always thought raincoats were supposed to protect you from the rain .. .^he day I went to visit Gordon Fellman, I found out what it was like to be soaked to the skin. For some reason, I find it difficult to comprehend how a Jerusalem winter, when the temperature is 50 degrees, can be so uncomfortable.,. When I arrived at Gordon's apartment, I was pleased to see his heater on. After drying myself with a towel, we sat down and he explained why he was in Israel. "I am taking a sabbatical from my teaching position at Brandeis University and writing about the situation here in Israel. Israel, today, is a sociologist's gold mine. There is so much happening here that one could be busy studying every minute of the- day; the people and the philosophies." The New Jewish Agenda is an organization and philosophy that he has been active with for years. The New Jewish .Agenda's philosophy is to work towardt traditional Jewish values of peace and social justice plus to increase Jeycdsh participation in progressive coalitions. Gordon is a member of the Agenda's board in Israel. He shared with me an article he had just finished. His response to the situation here is informative and here are a few of his points: fWeakness, Image and Zionism) (Continued on- Page 21)

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Gordon Fellman (Continued from Page 20) ... there appear to be three principles by which .Israeli policies continue to be made: 1. Don't look •wealt. 2. Don't move from the status quo. 3. Manipulate image rather than respond to issues. From the Israeli point of view that predominates 90 far, if Israel is in control of the occupied areas, the issue is not that there are people dying and others living in humilitation and degradation and that Palestinians crave the same right to statehood that Israelis enjoy. Rather, it is that a potential threat is being cont'^ned and if the containment policy worked yesterday, why not today and tomorrow as well. Prime Minister Shamir seems oblivious to the fact that Palestinian wishes to end a history of powerlessnees are as real as the corresponding Jewish desires— that Palestinian willingness to accept Israel is stronger now than it has ever been and that both peoples'

demands for statehood can be satisfied by a solution that allows each contending party its own national territory. Gordon's intuitiveness in observing/analyzing Israel is a mix, I feel, from his professional background as well as his numerous stays in Israel. As a sociologist, he has been coming to Israel on a regular basis. Building up impressions and thoughts then taking them back to America and coming back to Israel again. AU this traveling enables him to create a valuable philosophy of Israel. Unfortunately for me, we did not have a sufficient amount of time to discuss this. But I did ask him why, if he is so active and has been here so many times, how has he avoided moving hej«. He told me. "I have spent an important part of my life establishing myself in my field in America and I feel I am in a better position to effectively work on these projects here rather than in Israel." I left Gordon to work on his writings and returned to the ' rain in the street? to ponder his views.

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Pag« 22

April 1, IMS

Jon Saferstein

Raising chickens in the computer age By Alan E. Potash After traveling for over five hours I finally reached kibbutz Sassa. One hundred and fifty miles from Jerusalem, or two miles south of the border of Lebanon, rests one of Israel's most picturesque kibbutz. In 1948, during the War of Independence, the Arab residents of Sassa fled into Lebanon, abandoning their stone homes and view of the Galil. The Jewish National Fund (JNF| immediately started plans to establish a kibbutz. Jon Saferstein mentioned to me that Sassa began as an American kibbutz, meaning that most of the original members came from America. But few of those members remain today.

Jon is not a native Nebraskan. His parents moved from Omaha to New Jersey, leaving behind many relatives. I felt that Jon's life on a border kibbutz as well as his thoughts of kibbutz would be of interest. How did you end up here, on kibbutz Saasa and in Israel? "A little by chance. 1 never thought I would come to Israel. I had been traveling around Europe in the early '70s and I thought I would check it out. The kibbuu idea intereated me. Jews farmingi Socialism. It all sounded great. "I came to Sassa as a volunteer—a lot of things appealed to me. I would say that even today I am not taken in by Israel, but the kibbutz kind of fits on me. I did not have to make many adjustments in my thinking or iMrsonal philosophy. "Working, not having money per se— everybody having the same. I liked the idea of working hard, farming. And coming home I would see my neighbors, we were all pitching in and we were all equal. As a kid I was confused when I saw people who were rich and when I would see people who were poor—I couldn't understand it. It takes a tot of pressure off you when you don't have to think about money or worry about paying bills, etc " For many years Jon wwked in the apple orchards. Recently he has taken over the responsibility of the chicken housesgrowing chickens. He revamped this division of the kibbutz into one of the most profitable industries on Saasa. He and one other kibbutznik raise approximately 240,000 chirk wiH a year. Using modern com-

AS a kid, i was confused when I saw people who were rich . . . who were poor . . .

At first glance one would think that Sassa is a mountain resort rather than a kibbutz. Its two-story "Jerusalem stone" townhouses would not look out of place in any other mountain region in the world. Sassa is best known for producing Israel's best apples. Jon claims that the mountainous atmosphere is the reason for growing delicious apples.

(ContiBaed on Page 23)

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Jon Saferstein (Continued from Page 22) ' puters he is able to monitor the progress of each of the four houses, analyzing the health and development of the chicks in order to prevent diseases. If one chick becomes ill, it can affect the whole house, killing the crop in several days. Before I left Jerusalem for Sassa, a diesel fuel strike had started (distributors wanted to raise the price). Jon explained to me that

if the strike did not end within a day, he (the kibbutz) would lose the whole crop. They use diesel fuel to heat the chicken houses; if the temperature fluctuates more than a few degrees, the chicks will die. Luckily, the strike ended. Why did you decide to stay on Sassa? "I met my wife on Sassa and we decided that it was the best place to raise a family. People often worry that Israel is not a safe

Jon works with the computer.,. and the chickens

place to live. Even with terrorism and the threat of war, Israel is by far a much safer place for children than America." What was it like being on the border during the war in Lebanon f "It really wasn't a problem. There was a lot of army personnel in the area. In the evening it was possible to watch the red tracer bullets being fired. There were only a few instances when we had to go into the bomb shelters."

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|Hr By Ifwy Fdlnuui F DATE IWT BAHS '1 cup finely chopped almoiidB or walnuts V4 cup matioh meal '/i cup sugar '/> cup margarine 1 cup pitted dates or 1 cup raiains '/< cup orange juice 2 teaspoone grated orange peel Beat nuts with matzoh meal, sugar smt^nHrgarine until mixture is crumbly and moist. Reserve V* cup. Firmly pat remainder into bottom of 9-inch baking pan, making a solid base. Chop dates; beat with orange juice and orange peel until spreadable. Spread carefully over base. Sprinkle with reserved topping. Bake at 350 degrees for 30 minutes. Cool; cut into 25 squares. UN-CANNY MACAROONS 6 egg whites '/: teaspoon salt 1 cup sugar ^ 6 to 7 ounces whole almonds Vi cup matzoh meal Beat egg whites until soft peaks form. Add sugar, 2 QX 3 tablespoons at a time, until egg whites form peaks. Grind almonds; fold into egg whites, along with matzoh meal. Drop by heaping teasjioonful onto oiled baking sheet; flatten sUghtly. Bake at 350 degrees for 20 minutes or until firm and lightly browned. Let cool, lift off baking sheet onto wire rack. Maikes 3-4 dozen. PASSOVER MANDLEN .Vi cup peanut oil 6 tablespoons water Vt teaspoon salt Pinch pepper 1 cup matzoh meal 2 eggs Place in a saucepan and bring to a boil the oil, water, salt and pepper. Add the matzoh meal and blend over tow heat until mixture forms a ball and pulls away from the side of the pan. Remove from heat and cool slightly. Beat in eggs, one at a time, until dough is smooth. With Ughtly oiled hands, shape the dough into tiny balls. Place on welloiled baking sheet and bake at 400 degrees 30 minutes or until golden brown. Serve in hot chicken soup or as a snack. Makes 4-5 dozen. PASSOVER CANDY 8 ounces honey 1 tablespoon matzoh meal

j pound chopped walnuta or pecans Cook together about 10 miniitea. Test in cold water until mixture forms soft ball. Spread on wet board and cut in squares when cool. FRIED MATZOH 6 matzobs Vi teaapoona salt 4 eggs fat or ahotieoing Scald matzoh with hot water. Drain well; break into small pieces. Pour beaten eggs o\et matzoh, add salt and mix. Melt fat in hot frying pan; pour in mixture and fry until brown. Serve with jelly or honey. Serves 4 to 6. , CINNAMON BALLS 1 cup sugar 2 cupa ground almonda 1 tabieapoon dnnamon 3 egg whites Beat whites stiff. Add remaining ingredients. Beat thoroughly. Form into balls. Place on greased baking sheet and bake at 360 degrees until set, about 30 minutes. Roll balls in granulated sugar. STRAWBERRY MERINGUE *A cup aliced atrawfoerries " -' '/i cup sugar '/< teaspoons salt 1 egg white Combine ingredients and beat with electric beater until mixture is of spreading consistency—about 7-10 minutes. This is a delicious frosting for Pesach cakes. MATZOH BALLS (without schmaltz or shortening) 3 eggs, separated '/< cup matzoh meal '/: teaspoon salt Beat egg whites until stiff. Beat egg yolks until light and fold into whites. Fold in matzoh meal. Refrigerate for at least one hour. Wet hand and form mixture into balls about the size of walnuts. Drop into rapidly boiling water and cook about 20 minutes. Test one to see if it is cooked thoroughly. If not, continue cooking five minutes longer. Serves 8. (Can also be used for milk meals, since no fat la used.) CANDIED FARFEL I'/i cups farfel '/i cup sugar '/> cup water 1 tablespoon oil 1 shredded carrot

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2 ^aMflapooaa bonay 1 taUaqtoon bmon juice Vi taMPQon aalt Mix urfai and nuts. Set aside. Combine remaining ingredienta in sauc^an. Cook. Keep stirring. Test to brittle stage. Remove from fire. Mix in farfel, etc. Spread on wet board or platter. When cool, break into piece*. CHOPPED HEREING 1—I2-«aBee Jar haRiog anacka in wine aauce 1 matsoh 1 small oflioD, finely diced 1 medium apple, peeled, eored and quartored 2 hard cookwl eggs 1 tablaopoon sugar Drain the wine sauce from the jar of herring into a bowL Crush the matzoh into it to absorb the liquid. Chop the bar ring, the onions from the jar, the diced onion and the apple to fine. Add matzoh and eggs. Chop until blended. Season with sugar. PESACH BROWNIES eggs cups sugar tablespoons cocoa taUeapoons potato flour VI cup black coffee \t cup oil ^ 1 cup matzoh meal Beat eggs and sugar together for a few minutes. Add remaining ingredients, beating well. There is no need to sift the matzoh meal. Bake in a well-greased 9X9-)nch pan at 350 degrees for 30 minutes. 4 2 8 2

PESACH BUNS 4 eggs I'/i cups matzoh meal '/4 teaspoon salt 1 tablespoon sugar 1 cu|\water VI cup nil Add 9il to water and bring to a boil. Mix together meal, salt aiid sugar, and add all at once to boiling mixture, stirring hard. Remove from heat and transfer to mixer bowl. Have eggs at room temperature. Beat in eggs one at a time, beating hard after each addition. Drop from tablespoon onto greased cookie sheet. Bake at 436 (legrees for 16 minutes, then reduce heat to 350 degrees and bake 20-26 minutes<-longer or until nicely browned.

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Weizman Is Head of Provisional Govt of "New Israel"

T<l Arlr, Iwaal, (nA)—Dr. Ckalaa Walaaaaa, niaran ZlaaM aUlaaauM wfca baa warkad lac iba aalabUibaaal af a lawlah lUU la ralaatiaa abua Iba lara tt tba aaalarr, wmi alattad Ihia waak rraal-' daal af Iba rrarlalaaal Oararaauat af lanal at a mdal aaulaa H Iba tT laaialiai Natlaaal CaaacU. A autlan caUbig lar bla alacUaa U Iba Fraaldcacr w*< madi ht Dr. rails Raaaobluath, MinUtar a^ Justkt. wbo ttrataad that tha Ibtni. Proclamation of Independence of "Israel' 'first flap ol tba aUU of Israel ;^ 'I am aura that wa ara within must ba flnkad with tba nsina of [nadi ol our goal ot •i,OM,«oo,'' tba man wlu has dona the most Wt hav* d«ci4td, r«txin( on the auUwrltj of th« ZioaUt ifniitln aauftcd. It b bat iual ut upon movemtat and tha aupport ot tba aaUra Jawlab paopU, that up Attklui IhlDklBf. It aaa ba tannlnatioa ol tha nivutatory rt^ma thactt shui M An and ol 'tuchad inofldad wa (at »np*t (orticn rula In Pftl«tioa and that »• ffovamlnx body of tba J«wMntrtf ol caidi In kaavinf with lih State ihaU comt tnto balnt. mu goal." ^ Tha ftata which tba JawUi paopla wUl tat up in Itx own t Ham— far A*a4 BaaUanU eountiy wlU fuarantaa Juitiot. iratdon and aquallty for all InLondon, (JTA)—Tba BrlUih 1 Bai4 Dilra h«bltanta, rtgardlaai of rtlifloo. nea, an or land of otitln. It U A Buat axdtiBi anpalfn look laod-aaa-alr bUxkada o< Palaa-1 our aim to maka It a ftata In wtilcfa tha axUai at our paopla ar« tlna -aadad with tba tarmlaatloo ' n at tka DrrPbOlp Bur Javgathand togathar and la wtUdi happlaaa* >nd knowladga ahaU Uona lor AMd, whan aom* tt tba PalMtlna Mandata and no pravail and tbt vUlon of tba prophn* al braal ahall Ulumina our rtaldanta Mrt«d on naUu attaaip< will ba mada to Inlarpath. > own eoatrlbutloos la vu» Ian with JawUb Immlgratian, DaAt thia hour whan bloodahad and atrlfa hava baan forced ortant oapalfD. A UtU* erar lanaa Mlnlitar A. V. AUundar upon us wa turn to tha Araba in tha JawUh Slata and to ouf ' wai ralaad airitagat tba laai- annouocaid In Commona t&la waak. nalghbori In adjacant tarrltorr with an awcal for brotbadwod* <. at • fpadal maallnf bald AUhoufh tha BriUab wlU not cooparatloo »nd paaca. Wa ara a paacaful paopla. and w« am tha raildanla. It la axHciad parmlt tna port ol Hall* to ba, hart to build In paaca. L«t ua than build our itata togathar m a iba total amount of (Ifta will uaad lor tba dlaanbarkatlsn ol aqual dticani, with aqual rights and obligations, with mutual t around $\Mt. bi)inlgranta during lb* pnlod ol trttft and rafp*ct, each with a trua i-ndartlandlag of tha othac'a Waaua-a OlTWaa Laada anciiallaa el Brltlih troepa, dla laaaaaaaa TlIlaA paiaoaoal and auppUaa, tba Our laws ara dadictted to dafanding the liberty of our paopla. ^ WsBian'i DiTlainn kad< aU Jawa * Biar u— anr olhar thar .port In If furtbar trials and bsttlas ara In stort for us. wa shall dafand •loni la pvoanlada ot .la- tba mumj tot mil P«l9«ai^ ba with all our night tba achiawuoant upon which wa plaoe our bopa. (Coaltauad as P«*a It.) Klght U en our slda» Vltb ui ara &a bopas of past goooratioos <» our paopla. With us Is tha consdanca of tha world— Wm us ara dttpoaltad tba tattamant of tha millions of our mattyred Dr. Chain WaKwan, d«ad and tfia raaoluta will to Uv« of tba millions who hava aurrresldant ef Israel vlvad, Tha lanctitr of our martm and bcroas resU upon uj and «» will halp us. for Zioaism." Prtmiar and Wat tba God of' our Ifathan Ulnlslar David Ban^Ouriofl sa^ This Is tb« ravisod t«jit af a dadiratlon Issued by tba Gaaaral ondad ths.nwtton assarting that OaaacU %i Iba WarU tianUt OrgaaJuUan which mat In Tel ATIV "aiUiough somallmas wa had differences of opinion, fortuoatelf froM AprU S la April U, 1941. Tha CtAsral Caancll caoslsts af IT Mambara Sealed by Ilia ZU«UI CMgress. and U the saprania full agreement was alwfys readi* organ ti Iba WarU ZUnbii Orgmalsatlan dwinff tba I ed in the and. KlaBlst Oankrasa Is net ^p aaasloB. (Continued on Page 11.) •W«v Ysrk. (ITA)—Tbt irmUh MwntHBtlr In lh« UnlUd BUi«« *^ /twi la bracl vU> Ihrvuffkwt Uw wsrid Uili wtik la MUbnII Uu wtebllitoWBt •« tka JtwUi lUU. 8p««l*l Uiinlurlvlaf Mrv• *flr« lic^ la ffrtwcacuci arcr Iht U«t wcck-«nd thr«aglM«i UM

ttiriili 1 MM fM*,H« la *U«*M la iht cvrtat J*wM MU•taOuMlM CutHlfB »iukt4 <k< c*ap«i(K mr tk< kaU-mr aurk. illurrTraMl. 0>BM*I OulniM tf lb< rklUalkratlM. laiaam* ' Mr. Tiwtta 4MUr«4 lk*t tk< »M«M an aM«t MMaiMlai (a '4>t<, aa4 nfrntal * U ft nai latra— nn U»t rof'l tarfa. •Ivtry illTtilon l> woridnt hard »i« Wdar to nach Uu quoUa xt <ar

British Drop Blockade of Polestine

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AprMI, 1IM

dvia London Doran

Who's been here the longest?

By AUn E. PoUsh One of the questions I asked myself was who, of the Nebraskans, has been here the longest? It did not take much investigating to discover that Sylvia London Doron has. She arrived in the early '508. During her studies at Barnard and the Jewish Theological Seminary she decided to give Israel a try. Her father lived in Palestine for several years after he fled Russia in the early IQOO's. He was part of the wave of new immigrants during the period of the Ottoman Empire. He built roads and worked at the winery in Zichron Yaacov. Unfortunately, he was forced to leave Palestine when, at the outbreak of WW I, many Jews who refused in (he Turkish Army left.

Once he started raising a family in Omaha, he taught his children abiout Palestine/Israel. "Growing up in an Orthodox home and hearing my father's stories about Palestine interested me very much. We had family that stayed in Palestine alter my father left and we kept in touch as often as we could, I remember writing to my cousins and receiving letters kom them. This connection helped me get established when I arrived," Sylvia recalls. When shiii arrived in Israel she went to kibbutz Geva, established before the State of Israel. Geva is situated in one of Israel's most fertile regions, between Afula and Bet She'an. "I was working in the orchards one day and he popped out of a tree," Sylvia tells how she met her husband, Dov. "We decided to get married. But before we di^, I came back to the Stated to put whatever things a young woman has to put in Older. I decided to take a cargo ship back to Israel—just a few passengers—we ate our meals with the captain at tlje 'captain's table.' When we arrived in Israel, as we were getting off the boat, the captain and Dov exchanged greetings. As we were getting my stuff together Dov asked me if I knew who that was. I said the captain of the ship and Dov replied that he was also the captain of the Exodiis!" Sylvia and I spent an hour going through a scrapbook she put together. It was interesting to see pictures of what the country was like then. Included in the scrapbook were several po8t<;ards sent to her from cousins in Israel from Israel's first Independence Day.i^ She took me to Geva's main factory which processes nuts and candy f*^r export. Due to industrial espionage I was imable to take pictures of the candy (I was able to sample varieties of nuts and other candies). Imagine huge vats of almonds ready to be roasted or maybe coated in chocolate. After I finished sampling the candy we went to visit her mother. Rose London. Rose came to the kibbutz in 1976 when her health started to fail her. One of the beautiful things about kibbutz in general, it is a great place for the elderly. Sylvia commented that when her mother came they didn't think tiiat she was going to live very long. "It must be that good clean kibbutz living." Rose claims that she has been rejiiivenated! She also told me that when her Hebrew fails her and the person doesn't understand English, she can always speidc a little Yiddish or Russian. Rose never Wanted Sylvia to move to Israel; even though her husband wanted to move here, she didn't—as it worked out she did ebyway and is happy for the move.

Sylvia's life in Israel and especially on kibbutz reminds me of the films we used to watch in Rebrew school. The films showed young adults planting trees and crops, clearing space for roads to be built and always, after they finished something, they would start dancing—Israeli folk dancing. The Idbbutzim that I have beee on are not like the fihns we used to watch. I asked Sylvia about the early days of her kibbutz experience and what has changed. "The first obvious thing is that a lot of the buildirig up of land has been finished for years, the hard work is basically finished on the older kibbutzim. Until about five years ago (some kibbutzim longer and shorter time periods) the kids all lived together in children's houses. The children's houses gave the parents time inthe evening to work on projects for the kibbutz or just be alone. Now the kids are living at home."

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April 1, 1988

^hirleyandMortTrachtenbarg

A Mission to Israel revisited

By Bert Lewis ."I had wanted to go to Israel for years," Shirley Trachtenbarg said, "and it was everything I dreamed it would be." She was referring to the UJA Fall Mission she AT and her husband, Mort, had attended. In fact, they were enthusiastic enough to co-chair the local trip and worked to interest other Omahans in joining them. They both spoke of finding Israel "a wonderful experience." Mort says, "I was favorably impressed with everything we saw. A few things and places in particular." He described the visit to the Youth Village "as one of the best things we saw." And he went on to praise the results of the Project Renewal renovation and rehabilitation of a former slum area. "To see how the combined efforts of many can eventually mean turning dreams into reality was wonderful. The people of the community have seen their run-down substandard housing replaced by clean, modem apartments. To see how planning and commitment can turn into brick and mortar was incredible." Shirley enjoyed the opportunity to see as much of the country as they did. "Even now, four months later, I remember the thrill of standing on the Golan Heights, realizing the hardships the Israelis endured before it was in their hands." She spoke of her surprise at seeing how small the geographical area of the famous Heights actually is and of "the beauty of the valley below." She says, "I couldn't get over how small the entire country is—or the feeling I was surrounded with pages of history which had come to life."

"/ remember the thrill of standing on the Golan Heights, realizing the hardships the Israelis endured before It was in their hands." There were no regrets connected with the visit, except: maybe being unable to mingle more with the people. "I wish we could have spent more time in the midst of Israelis as • they shopped or worked. Just to get a little better feel of the country and her citizens." She smiled as she recalled one ouportunity to do just that. "It was suggested we visit the open-air market in Jerusalem. I was fascinated by the

many vendors, each with his own little display of merchandise, each often with identical wares right next to each other. There they stood, side by side." She speculated that they must each have their own customers, but wondered how they all made a living. The fresh, native-grown produce, however, was prizewinning quality. Clearly, the farming and gardening was one native product to be proud of. Both Shirley and'Mort were sure they would never forget Masada and it's dramatic history, or their visit to the Dead Sea. Each was a special highlight, but perhaps if there was to be one place to leave a lasting impression on Shirley, it was Yad Vashem.

"I left there so overwhelmed with a sense of sadness and tragedy I could hardly speak*. .. I'll never forget that place."

"The memorial to the lost Jews of the concentration camps was a very moving, unforgettable experience. The special ceremony and the recitation of Kaddish were almost too much to handle. But the Children's Memorial was thp most emotionally charged place I have ever seen. I left there so overwhelmed with a sense of sadness and tragedy I could hardly speak. In fact, shortly after we left there, our group gathered together and I found I was having trouble maintaining control over tears. I'll never forget that place." The Traehtenbargs, like every other visitor, left Israel ' Shirley Ticchtenbarg chats with ElUe Feldman while with many impressions—and to quote Mort, "all favorawaiting for the plane at John F. Kennedy airport. ble." they are like most American Jews, saddened by the strife presently causing so much trouble in the country. Shirley says, "I'm sorry to see Israel losing so much symShirley felt she never did really get a good tour of the pathy around the world. Outsiders don't realize how terriOld City of Jerusalem, giving her a particular reason for ble the situation is there—it's so easy to be critical from a return trip. And she would choose the same guide next here." time because he made her first trip so special. She agrees Would they go back? "S»ire I would," says Mort. "We that one thing the Israelis know how to do is train people didn't get to see everything we would have liked to see. to show visitors the country. It's a little country but although we touched on the highThe first trip to Israel was her dream come true. We join lights and it was a wonderful trip, there's still more that Shirley in hoping she and Mort can go back again. we didn't have time to visit"

DAYENU

Here to serve you well Fir^ner. Banks Omaha • Lincoln • Bfau »Dkvtd City Qrand Island • Kearney

A special contemporary Dayenu created in honor of the fortieth annive rsary of the birth of the State of Israel Had Cod upheld us ihroughoul Iwo thousand years o( Dispersion, But not preteived our hop* for return

Dayenu!

Had Cknl preserved our hope for return. But not sent us leaders to make the dream a reality

Dayenu 1

Had God sent u» leaders to make the dream a reality. But not given us success in the U.N. vote

Dayenu 1

Had Old given us success in the U.N. vole, But not defeated our attackers in 194S

Dayenu 1

Had Cod defeated our attackers In 1948, But not unified Jerusalem

Dayenu!

Had Cod unified Jerusalem, But not led us towards peace with Egypt

Dayenu!

Had Cod returned ui lo the Land of our ancestors, But not fllkd it with our chlMren

Dayenii^

Had Cod filled it with our chiUren, But not caused the d*t«rt to bloom

Dayenu!

Had Cod cauied the detert to bkicm. But not built fur us cities and towns

Dayenu!

But not brought our brothers from Arab lands

Dayenu!

Had Cnd brg\ighl our brothers from Arab lands, But not opened the gate for Russia's ^ews

Dayenu 1

Had Cod opened the gate for Russia's Jtws, . But mrt r«i^«m«d our ptopit from Ethiopia

Dayenu1

Had Cod reditmcd our people from Elhtopl*. Bui not sirenglliened our hands throughout forty year» o^Slalehood

Dayenu!

Had TMKI strenglhtn««i our hands throughout foily years of Statehood, But not planted in our hearts a coviruni n( em people

Dayenu1

Had CKIJ planted In our hearts a covenant of orn peopU But not sustained in our iOuU a vision ul a perfected world

Dayenu 1

CK:LT'jJEiC.'j:'-it». :?- .j.'= •lif P»«'^'aS'J'»SSl!SC*«3ESiSBU.^

••-j'.^air • ••• r-^atiaa'-n

(

AprHi, isaa

Ellie and Al Feldman

Jawiati PrtM

P*fl* 39

A Mission to Israel—revisited

By Bert Lewis Ellie and Al Feldman recalled many wonderful moments of their Israel visit and agreed that it was unforgettable. Al was Darticularly impressed With the fierce loyalty and obvious patriotism of the people. "They're so well informed whether they're discussing politics or economic problems. They seem such a literate people." EUie, whose visit was a first, commentMi "on the smallness of the country. And I also noticed there didn't seem to be much class difference, particularly among the young people I saw." They both felt Masada was one of the most impressive historical sights of the trip. Ellie will always remember with special interest, her visit to the Dome of the Rock. "I studied all about this very place and its history in a theology class recently. It was so exciting to actually be there, to see it myself." She remembered almost accidentally discovering a tiny synagogue in Lod; they peeked in and were warmly urged to enter. "This entire area of Lod, once a disreputable slum, was populated with people from many different nearby countries. It was fascinating."

Such a place renews a person's faith In his heritage. There's something so special about Judaism. Al, an attorney, enjoyed the tour of Knesset, but felt some disappointment that it wasn't in session. He thought "it would have been more interesting to observe the

so sad. But they all serve in their army, boys and girls alike. Military service is a great equalizer," according to Al Feldman. The Feldmans also took notice of what they called "the way everything in the country JMems a little spartan. The public buildings, for example. Cbnstruction meant to satisfy needs, not with many frills." They had generous praise for the Youth Villages and the programs designed to remove children from undesirable atmospheres and substitute with more wholesome environment.

"/ want to go back and take my kids next time. Anyone who has a chance to go should..."

activity, but just seeing the beautiful Chagall tapestries and mosaics in the lower level was worthwhile." Both of the Feldmans spoke enthusiastically about the Museum of the Diaspora. Al felt "it was a fantastic place. A complete history of the Jews, with numerous exhibits and models of synagogues reconstructed to the last detail. Such a place renews a person's faith in his heritage. There's something so specif about Judaism. To have gone through so much over the centuries and to still exist. We must have something very speical to give to the world." A visit to the military cemetery will not be forgotten... "every family of that country was touched somehow with tragedy. To see youth of Israel in that place is

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Like most everyone, they agreed some day they would love to return for another visit. Ellie says, "I want to go back and take my kids next time. Anybody who has a chance to go, should, by all means." She agrees with Al who felt "a special sense of my Jewiahness—not-necessarily on a religious level but a deep feeling." He says, "Israel really does welcome everyone no matter where they're from. We met people who had emigrated from Brazil, Pakistan, India and so on. Every Jew is welcome." They "loved it all. It was wonderful in every respect. From the crowds speaking in many different languages in the airport on our arrival to the very observant Jews davening on the airplane." There is clearly no need for any editorial comment here. Score two more very satisfied Israeli tourists, Eleanor and Al Feldman.

Pag* 30

J«»lah Prtw

April l.igM

Joe Goldware

A Mission to Israel—revisited By Bert Lewis "I was very pleasantly surprised. Everything about the country was more advanced and modem, more like this Country than I had expected. The attitudes, general outlook, the stores, merchandising—they were all familiar. Only the language was unfamiliar to my ear." Those are the words of Joe Goldware when he was asked about his recent visit to Eretz Yisroel. He went on to say he had wanted to go for at least 30 years, but somehow never managed the trip until last November.

"Everything about the country was more advanced and modern, more like this country than I expected."

What will he remember the most? "The antiquity, the archaeology. I couldn't get over the realization that everything around me was historically important. The great sense of antiquity in this tiny country was a constant revelation. To know that every few miles you could see a tell, or the ruins of a centuries-old building or civilization was very moving to me. I felt a connection with my own roots that was very strong." Like other first visitors, Joe was amazed at the physical smallness of Israel. "I couldn't believe you could go from one place to another and find not only great differences in the terrain but also in the climate. And so much to see, all so close to Jerusalem."

Visits to the Christian and Moslem historical sights were of great interest to Joe also. More of his sense of history, although unrelated to him in a religious sense. "How could a person not be fascinated to walk the stations of the cross, whether you believe in it or not? Or to visit the Church of the Holy Sepulchre and listen to the wonderful stories the guide tells about it? Did he see Masada? "Of course—it was one of the highlights. And I hadn't known too much about King Herod • before, but was so fascinated with the ruins of his palaces and baths and even a water storage system. Such feats of engineering!" Joe remembered in great detail his arrival in Jerusalemhe recalled it was a Friday. There was a cold, misty rain fttUing and he remembered the group stopping on a high point overlooking the city. Why did they stop? To all troop outside the bus, lift a cup of wine and recite a shehechayuna in gratitude for the arrival in Jerusalem. Like many of the others of this group, Joe felt the Youth Village was most impressive. He especially enjoyed the children, but more importantly "the concept of saving these children from undesirable homes. It's such beautiful work."

"Jews have always had troubles. We've always survived. Somehow I believe we'll do It again."

He greatly enjoyed the one-on-one exchange with the people. Especially memorable was the kibbutz atop. "The man we visited was a former resident of Brooklyn, New York. He had been there for some 10 years, had gone to live there with his family after feeling dissatisfaction with his old way of life. He had raised his family there and apparently suffered some disharmony in His marriage so was now alone. I found him to be a very interesting fellow."

Joe says, "I'd go back because I didn't see everything 1 wanted to see. And I'd love to go again to get the feel of the country. To try to understand that strange mystique. It goes right to your very fibre."

Joe explained the man was not especially ambitious, had no wish to better his position on the work staff and seemed •tuck in one place but not unhappy about it. In comparison with other kibbutzniks visited, he seemed the exception and not the rule.

Having seen as much as he did, Joe hopes Israel can come to terms with her problems. He says, "Jews have always had troubles. We've always survived. Somehow I believe we'll do it again. They need to increase their population, to not allow themselves to be outnumbered."

He also had words of praise for the slum section that had benefited from Project Renewal. "A marvelous contribution."

If he waited 30 years to make this trip to Israel, it appears that the wait was worth it. Joe Goldware came home with impressions he will never forget, even though he'd like a chance to look at many things again. His poignant description of the Children's Memorial at Yad Vashem would make a listener believe each detail is fixed permanently in his memory, yet he says, "I'd like to go see that once more. It will always stand out in my mind."

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Pag* 32

Jawlsh PrtM

April 1, 19M

SI f*onard, Bert and Roland Lewis

A Mission to Israei

revisited

By Bert Lewis The passenger list of the November, '87, trip to Israel 1 ' three Lemses: Roland, Leonard and me. For included Roland, it was the first trip. For the two of us, it was the second. Leonard's impressions of the various historical sights as well as the modem settlements and projects agreed with those of the other travelers quoted in these pages. He added these observations.: "Because the mission was geared for a one-on-one pattern, that is, for us Americans to personally connect with Israelis, we had an opportunity to really get to know them, to begin to understand their problems from their point of view, which is very different from the American perspective. "For one thing, it becomes easier to comprehend their terrible fears for the safety of their borders when you actually see how small the country is. I wonder if most of us realize the entire Mideast is smaller than Texas. They are so vulnerable." '

/ wonder if most of us realize the entire Mideast is smaller than Texas. They are so vulnerable.

This photo of Leonard and Bert Lewis seated on a stone bench, taken by Joe Goldware at Yad Vashem, captures an image of a couple consoling one another in the background at right. What the photo can't describe is the fact that the couple had jast emerged from the portion of the museum dedicated to the children who perished in the Holocaust. The couple wept openly—overcome by the enormity of the tragedy—the Jewish tragedy—the Holocaust.

ft Leonard was impressed also "with the warmth of the people as they welcomed us into their homes and the pleasure they seemed to take in showing us around their town or kibbutz." And "it was wonderful to see what's been done over the years with the help of the Jewish National Fund. The trees that were planted, the green fertile grounds that were once swamps. As you drive along the roads and view the fields, it's easy to tell which is Jewish land and which is Arab. The Arab land is bro?<m, the Jewish land is green. "I believe the status of the American Jew has been enhanced by virtue of the existence of Israel; as a result I think America at this time is the finest place the Jew has ever lived in the Diaspora."

Roland Lewis shares Leonard's great enthusiasm for Israel. He admitted "it was nothing like I expected. I learned so much about the country that I hadn't understood before." He explained, "I guess I always thought that it had always been desert-like. I didn't realize the very earliest settlers cleared and drained swamps. I knew there were mountainous areas, but didn't realize they reached to the shoreline." In addition to correcting earUer misconceptions, he found much more of great interest. "I was so impressed with I(;aming how Israel had contributed to bringing electricity to her Jordanian neighbors." He referred to the fact that

One of the Israeli citizens . .. felt strongly Israel would ultimately be forced to give up some of her land. .. I

Wishing you a Happy Passover

when Israel built a chemical plant, Jordan feared the note of thanks from them. That village was a particularly removal of chemicals from the seas would be a detriment enjoyable part of the trip for me." Hcfalso was very happy to have had the kibbutz visit. to them. Subsequently, a plant was constructed in Jordan "The people were so friendly and seemed to get a kick out without cost to her. Roland felt the newest construction visible all ovpt Israel of having us as their guests." One of the Israeli citizens "isn't particuUrly compatible with tbe ancient architecture. he met expressed some of his fears for the coimtry and her The magnificent structures standing for centuries are so future. A man who had more liberal views than most, he beautiful, and whether you see a Judaic wonder or some- told Roland he felt strongly Israel would ultimately be thing from Christian history, you have to be impressed." forced to give up some of her land or there would be great He remember the acoustkal pwfaction of an ancient cathe- violence. This was, of course, months before the Palestindral, commenting, "With aU ouf modem equipment we ian rock-throwing and attacks began. A student of Mideastem affairs understands this wasn 't aren't able to duplicate that." intended as a prediction of things to come—they simply One of the up-to-date projects which he greatly enjoyed happened. Just as visitors to Israel know there are great was the Youth Aliyah Village. "I had made friends with .problems but it is still a wonderful country. Roland Lewis some of the youngsters and took their pictures before we wUl remember what he saw and enjoy telling about it. He left. After I returned to Omaha, I sent copies of the snap- counts it as one of the most inspiring and educational trips shots to the kids and not long after received a very nice he's ever taken.

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April 1,19SS

Ib^irt's eye ^i7fl(g^^ By Bert Lewis So what do you think of this issue so far? Don't you agree it was really appropriate to use the 40th Anniversary of Israel as our theme? Isn't it a beautiful simcha to celebrate? Aren't you glad you can participate in such a blessed birthday? There, we got the feer kashas out of the way and we can proceed with this Passover column. I've been trying for weeks to decide exactly what to write about in terms of our theme. I thought about digging up some of my old suggestions to the Knesset on ways to boost the economy of Israel. Remember when I thoilght their movie industry ought to look into the prospect of making Jewish horror films? .; It seemed to me that if somebody could make a movie about a tomato that went genetically nuts and grew big enough to eat Cleveland, thai some hotshot IsraeU film producer should do something on, maybe, "The Knish That Rolled Across the Negev." I didn't think that was such a bad idea but then I'm not really a maven on the subject. There was a time when I thought a lot of our fast food places could easily translate into Israeli versions. I thought up a few examples: instead of Long John Silver's fish, I suggested Short Shmuel's gefilte fish; I figured the Runza could easily become Kreplachville, that sort of thing. I came closer to success with that idea, because it wasn't long before I read that some fast food franchises were, indeed, invading Eretz Yisrael. Not that they had the good manners to give me credit, but that's OK. It was my mitzvah. Yes, in the past, I 've tried to be helpful and make good suggestions to them, but they hevei-'took me seriously so I've decided not to waste my time. After all, I've got my own near and dear ones to offer my ideas to. And if they don't take me up on my advice, as least they're polite. That Shamir never so much as wrote me a note! Fine. Is nisht.

column. But how? What? I keep thinking that if I made a really valuable suggestion to them it would be a wonderful anniversary gift. Something that would endure. What could they do to further enhance their tourist industry? Everyone knows how important that is and they do a marvelous job—but. But what? Well, what's the one thing Americans (and I presume others) complain about when they return from a trip to Israel? Food. Right? Oh everyone raves about the magnificent vegetables and fruit. As well they should— it's the best. And just realizing those smart Jews have made such produce grow in original desert land, well, I ask you—isn't it fantastic? That stuff is superior. But don't you wonder if the Israeli way of cooking meat and chicken is responsible for so much vegetarianism? I mean really, is it necessary to float everything in a sea of grease?

Of course, I could always try a Quit Smoking campaign.

"In the past, I've tried to be helpful and make good suggestions to them, but they never took me seriously."

•Such a heavy hand seems to be used with oil and every other kind of fat. I don't want to even speculate about schmaltz. I wonder if, with all their'modem technology, they've overlooked the old broiler? Maybe that's it; maybe they think the only way to prepare red meat or chicken is in lots of fat. I '11 have to think of an inoffensive way to let them know about the broiler. Maybe that could be my contribution to the betterment of tourism. Of course, I could always try a Quit Smoking campaign. My God how thfiy do puff, puff, puff. Everyone seems to think smoking is the best thing to happen since I-don'tknow-what. Why don't they worry about their health like so many of us do? Why don't they have a surgeon general hocking in their faces ftbout the dangers? Why are we the nation to give up our nasty habits in the name of good health and they don't give a hoot? Maybe it's psychcdogical.

But still, having managed to visit the holy land twice, I have a special place in my heart for the little country and I would like to express some good wishes to them in this

Maybe, just maybe, they live on the edge of so much danger they figure so nu, if this doesn't get me, some mishuggenah rioter might. And Ihey just go right on smoking away like there's no tomorrow. Is that it—like there's no tomorrow? Maybe I 'd better leave that one for the experts who study human behavior.

There's another suggestion I could make to whoever ntight be in charge of the Israeli Health Department, It's a very delicate subject and would take a lot of careful wording—how do you share the information that daily bathing isn't harmful to the human bod}^ I mean without offending thd one you tell? Most cuItuMs outside of this country believe Americans are obsessed wkh taking baths. They think we're goofy and we think theyVen't as pleasant to be near as they might be. I know thiWsh't a ladylike subject, but until you've been squeezed inUSB crowded elevator with many citizens of a foreign land, jow don't know the meaning of the word suffocate! I'll havMo give this one some careful thought. \ There's something else that should come to mind ^hen I was concentrating on improving things for tdurists. That's the fact that while so very many of them speai English, lots of them don't. Tin remembering a particular scene when we were last there. My date and I were wandering around busy Ben Yehuda street when all of a sudden there was a noisy commotion. Jeeps full of military personnel spilled out and they began to clear the streets of pec^le. It was one of th^ bomb scares—someone found a package left on a bus and these people must be so mindful of danger, they called for help. OK, I agree with that. But when Americans are trying to figure out what the heck is going on and soldiers are issuing orders in not very patient Hebrew, it can be unnerving to say the least. I think those military kids ought to be able to shry in several languages—and English ought to be one of them.

Most cultures outside of this country believe Americans are obsessed with taking baths. I suppose, before I get away from indelicate subjects, I could touch on an olten-made suggestion about the quality of their paper, ^mean paper napkins and other such items. My dears, our wax paper is more absorbant than their, well, you know which paper I mean. I shouldn't just (Continued on Page 36)

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Pag* 3a

Jawlsh Pr*M

April 1, 19M

THE

Bert's eye view

JEWISH CHRONICLE.

(Continued from Page 34) No. I.iiw.-Xi^vir wEKJfe*]

point an accusing finger at Israel for ttiat. Every other foreign country I've ever been in is guilty of the same thing. I guess it's more of our self-indulgence. We like clean and nice and soft and comfortable, don't we? Well kinder, I've been making light of these things, just f6r fun. I figured with all the terrible things going on in Israel now, we could use a little levity. It doesn't cost anything, nobody has to get bent out of shape about it, it has nothing to do with who has what rights on which land; it's simply my Passover gift to you. A little silly stuff never hurt anyone did it? So have a nice Pesach, you hear? I hope your kids are all home for the Sederim and that you have all your dear ones close enough to hear their matzo crunch. Better than that I can't wish!

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Aprfli, 19M

Patty and Mike Sherman

A Mission to Israel—revisited By Bert Lewis you ask Patty Sherman for her first impression of Israd she'll tell you she "didn't know what to expect," but she loved finding out what the country really was like. She says "so many things amazed me, from the tiny geographical size of the nation to the sense of history I felt immediately. I loved discovering the archeological evidence of the . Bible stories I read as a child." There was more awareness of so many of Israel's problems than she had ever felt before. "I had always known and read about the internal difficulties, but I really became aware of how serious things were for the Jewish population. How the combination of so many different cultures and backgrounds makes it even harder to come to reasona• ble agreements." She spoke of the pleasure of meeting and spending time i with many Israeli citizens. Her husband, Mike, and she ; enjoyed the unusual experience of a visit with a recent arrival from Russia. This man had only been in the country for nine days but was fascinating company since he spoke a number of languages fluently. Patty says, "It was wonderful to get to know people from positions of importance to everyday Israelis. And the leaders, the people of high office, were so obviously committed to their beliefs."

strong, so determined. They feel they have every right to be where they are and are prepared to argue their cause with anybody." "We both enjoyed finally seeing Israel, getting our firsthand look at the land and the people. We felt safe, never was there any cause to feel otherwise." (The trip was made in November of '87, prior to the rioting and unrest experienced now in March of '88.) Patty felt she would have liked to see more of Tel Aviv than they did, but hopes to return and catch everything they missed on that first visit. She says, "We really loved it all. We do hope to go back, again and again. In fact, it would be wonderful to make one trip to concentrate on just the history of that part of the world. Then, at another time, go again and spend your time learning about the religious differences. And one of the things we want to do is take our children to see Israel.

It's not hard to be a Jew here . . . Maybe It should be a little harder."

^,^aybe

I even felt a little guilt. . I wondered If they resent us, resent their dependence on us.'

• "We both feJt the great contrasts between our country and Israel. It was such a different feeling to know we were surrounded by Jews, but I loved it. It's neat to be a member of a majority." Then, in a more thoughtful vein, Patty said, "I guess being there and realizing what they face made me really conscious of being an American. Maybe I even felt a little guilt—our lives are so much more comfortable. And I wondered if they resent us, resent their dependence on us." She felt the visit both stirred up some controversy but also created understanding. Patty ttdked of their visit to some of the settlers on the West Bank. "We were in the home of fcHiner Americaiis, people who have been there for years and years, whose families are now all in Israel, who appear to have broken all ties with'this country. Their feeling of nationalism is so

She spoke of trying to teach her young fanfiily about the past history of their people, of the tragedies of recent decades. She wants them to understand the importance of the creation of the state of Israel before they see it. Patty hopes "more people our age will go and see this ^place. If they went as teenagers and haven't been back, it's time for them to go again. So much has changed in the last couple of decades. They should take their own children and go back. However they choose to do it, they should go and see Israel" Thoughtfully, Patty says, "You know, it's not hart) to be a Jew here. We're protected from so much and we have so many opportunities to do what we choose to do. Maybe it should be a little harder. Maybe Jews as a people have survived in spite of the adversity. I can't imagine not being Jewish—I felt proud when I was in Jerusalem..I thought about my kids and was proud of having Jewish children." About going back: "We'44ov« to go bock and maybe with a guide see the rest of the country on our own. Wander around and really get the feel of the place. Oh, yes... we'll retxim."

•

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An ardent Zionist remembers Israel By Ellen Gordman Ethel Edgar remembers when the new state of Israel was such a poor country that many people didn't have stoves or refrigerators and a tin of butter from the United States was considered a delicacy. "After independence, conditions in Israel were very primitive and the people were very poor," Mrs. Edgar explained. "During my trips to Israel, I became friendly with the woman who was secretary to Henrietta Szold. Someone brought her a tin of butter from the United States. It tasted so good, but she wouldn't keep it just for herself so she gave her friends some butter and kept only a small portion." Mrs. Edgar told other stories that illustrated how deprived the people were. "A family in Omaha had relatives who lived in B'nai Beraq. They were very poor and couldn't afford a refrigerator or a stove. When I saw how they lived 1 told the family, who sent them money. The relatives bought the refrigerator, which was so precious they kept it in the living room. "People used to give me money to take to relatives in Israel. One man gave me $25 to take to relatives. That was like giving them $500." Mrs. Edgar has also seen many physical changes in Israel since she first visited the country in the early 1950's. "Tel Aviv wasn't the great commercitd center and port that it is today. It was just a small city. "The Wall ftas in the Old City and was held by the Arabs. They threw trash there and the area was full of bottles and rocks and dirt. It was so degrading. After the Jews got back the Wall, the area was cleaned up. It looks very beautiful now." Ethel Edgar became a committed Zionist when she first heard her father talk about Jewish history during Shabbat dinners. Since those early years she has been active in organizations that raise money to help Israel. Mrs. Edgar helped organize the local chapter of Hadassah and served as its president. She has been active in selling Israel Bonds and was honored several years ago at the annual Bond luncheon. "The members of Hadassah used to make up packages of clothing and send them to people in Israel. It was very hard to find clothing in Israel, especially for children," Mrs. 'Edgar said. "I used to collect money for the Jewish National Fund. The Jews did not take the land. They bought and paid for every inch of soil. I remember how terrible it was with stones all over the fields. "When we heard that Israel was going to become a state, we gathered at someone's home and had a celebratipn. We

Aaron Edgar Oeft) and Jean Duitch (right) helped Ethel Edgar celebrate when she w(u honored by the Women's Diviaion of larael Bonds. sang and danced." Jean Duitch, Mrs. Edgar's daughter, remembers that day. "The phone rang off the hook at our house," she said. "Everyone was calling each other to offer congratulations as if they were personally responsible for Israel becoming a state. Actually, all of the women, including my mother, had gone dooi* to door for years colle<:tiDg~for the Jewish National Fund. * ' 'It was a very memorable time. I remember the discussions that day about what the state would be called and what color the flag would be." Involvement with Israel has been a family affair for Mrs. Edgar and her relatives. After Independence, Mrs. Edgar's parents, Leba Ledh and Saul Katz, moved to Israel and settled in B'nai Beraq. "My mother took many sets of sheets and pillowcases with her to Israel," Mrs. Edgar said. "A couple of years later, my daughter, Jean, went to Israel to live on a kibbutz. I sent more sheets and pillowcases with her to^ve to my mother who said she needed them. 1 couldn't figure' out what happened to all the linens. My mother was giving them to the women in B'nai Beraq to help them out." Mrs. Edgar purchased an apartment in Jerusalem that was used as her home base when she made her yearly visit to Urael. Other members of the family, including her grandchildren, Ijave traveled to Israel and even spent extended periods of time living in the country. Jonathan Duitch, who

May your home be blessed \yith Health, Love, and Joy ^ throughout a Happy New Year

has made aliyah, is currently living in his grandmother's apartment. Mrs. Edgar has many wonderful memories about her many visits to Isretel. One of her earliest concerns hitchhiking with her daughter. "Jean and I wanted to get back to B 'nai Beraq from Tel Aviv. In those days, if you wanted a ride you stood on the side of the road and waited for someone to come along and give you a ride," Mrs. Edgar explained. "I met Ben Gurion and visited his home. His wife took care of him like he was a baby. Later, I went to visit his. grave which is very iinpressive. Ben Gurion thought things that other people didn't think about for 25 years." Ethel Edgar's apartment is filled with mementos of her work for the State of larael. There are numerous plaques on the walls and several scrapbooks chronicling her participation in countless community activities. It is evident that her concern and commitment for Israel has been an important part of her life. "My mother has been involved in every Zionist cause," said Mrs. Duitch. "She did everything she cou)d to help establish the state of Israel." Forty years later, Mrs. Edgar is still devoted to Israel and excited about the progress that has been made, "Every Jew ought to go to Israel and see what has been done there," she said.

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Q^ A noted chiki care authority and • peace activist was an.Ojy(npic participant many years ago. who is this famous doctor.' A Dr. Benjamin Spock was a member « of the Yale varsity eight crew that won the goM in the 1924 Olympics in <J\tfi«.

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Pag* 42

Jawiih Pr«M

April 1, 1WW

Ujary Chesnin Tharlev

Practicing law in Hebrew is exciting ^^ The Palestinians had taken a break after their first day of rioting when I decided to go to Be'er Sheva to interview Gary Chesnin. I mention this only because of the way I traveled to Be'er Sheva. When one takes a bus or a "sherut" (an intercity taxi), there are two highways; one in the direction of Hebron and the other in the direction of Qiryat Gdt. The Hebron way is about a half-hour faster. My first trip to Be'er Sheva was in the direction of Hebron. The remains of the previous day's rioting was still on the road. Burned tires, boulders, bed frames, fences— anything to obstruct traffic. On this day'there were no rioters—it was peaceful. Driving down to Be'er Sheva the landscape is full of Bedouin villages; tents, homes made out of anything—T.V. antennae can be seen. I had been back in the country for a few weeks and I always get excited by the view of the nomads. I made my way to former Lincolnite Gary Cheanin's office in downtown Be'er SheVa. "Nebraskans have a way of keeping tabs on each other wherever they are," G ary said upon my arrival to his fffice. He also told me that he had just had lunch with Harry and Anne Allen. "There seems to be a type of Jewish telepathy out there," Gary said. "The other day a couple came into my office seeking legal guidance. The wife was looking at my college diploma and exclaimed that they had used a lawyer in the States with the last name Chesnin (Gary goes by Tharlev in Israel). They had no idea that they were coming to the brother of the lawyer they used in the States—interesting coincidence." Why did you change your name? "Well, my name, Chesnin, is a change from the original "Chesni" in Russian, which means "honesty," ao instead of keeping the Americanized version of the name I took a direct translation from the Russian to the Hebrew." "After this couple came into my office I came up with the idea of 'Jewish telepathy,' not that this is a major issue or anything, but I started thinking of how faftiilies tracked down relatives after WW II... " When did you first realize that you wanted to live in Israel? "I came to Israel after 1 graduated from college, I wanted to give Israel a try. I was always uncomfortable being in the minority. 1 came on a program called akerut la'am. I ended up in a development town in the Negav called Ofaqim. It was important for me to contribute to Israel."

Why law? "I have always been interested in honesty. I feel that I have the ability to be a good lawyer and I feel this is a good way for me to contribute to society. I also think it is exciting to practice law in Hebrew—the concept of Hebrew as being the language of the first laws used in society. I realize that it Is not the exact same laws but the concepts are similar. As an American, I have a different understanding of morals and ethics. It is important to share these values here." Is there a big difference in law here compared to law in the States? "I have never practiced law in the States. In Israel, the idea of a 'trial by jury' does not exist; all trials are decided by a judge or a panel of judges. Also in Israel the courts are combined; civil and criminal. I practice civil law." How is it that you have stayed in Be'er Sheva? "it is quite simple. My wife's family lives on a moshav near here and it is important for us to be close to them." How do you feel your kids are growing up? "Let me give you an example. If someone tells you you only have one choice, to raise your children in Israel or in

America, I would say Israel. There is a distorted picture in America of kids here, that their lives are always in danger, r feel that Israel is by far safer. If you wanted to compare odds that a child would be killed or kidnapped in America or killed by a terrorist attack here, the answer would easily be that the child is safer here. This country is very safe, especially for children. When a child has a problem the wprld stops and everyone comes to helpl" I asked Gary if I could observe him in court one day; he agreed. We made arrangements for a date where he would be in court dealing with a border dispute. It was not a trial situation but 1 would get the chance to see the court system in action. It was about two weeks later that I went back down. The riots were still in progress but the roads were fine. The only di8rupt.ion this time was coming back to Jerusalem, the border police were making inspections of vehicles. It took me a while but I finally found the courthouse. There is an absence of architecture when it comes to most governmental buildings. The Be'er Sheva courthuuse looks more like an apartment complex than a courthouse as we know it. We were a little early so we went into a courtroom that was already in progress (naturally I could not take pictures). Imagine a room no larger than 15-ft. x 20-ft., a typical style judge's desk with the court reporter on his right, a few spectator benches along the sides of the walls, an area for the suspect and space for the court/prosecutor and then space for the defense. In the span of time that we were waiting two men went to jail for drugs and we watched a family dispute. In other courtrooms young Arab boys were being accused of taking part in the rioting. The time finally came for Gary to work. The two sides made comments and they went into the judge's chambers. One can easily compare this courtroom to that of the famous people's court in America. Another eomparison comes to mind while sitting in this courtroom—the now year-long Demai\juk trial or the Vanunu trial. The Demanjuk trial is on the radio and television daily and people have been known to line up hours before just to get into the concert hall to witness this historical, "crimes against humanity trial." Whereas Vanunu's trial is closed. As I began to go into more depth about the public trials (in my.notebook) in Israel, Gary and his client came out of the judge's chambers. The trial or proceedings continued —more discussion—another date.

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Pag* 44

Jewish Prau

April 1, 1918

The youth' village

A Mission to Israel—revisited

By Bert Lewis Kveryone comes home from an Israeli visit with ^)ecial ' memories, but I think the one which will remain as one of the most poignant was the visit to a Youth Village. My co-travelers all agreed tKfey were deeply impressed and more than a little touched by what we saw. Whether it was because we were all parents (and grandparents! that we related so to these luds, 1 cannot say. 1 only know the feeling was of great compassion and not a small amount of admiration for the entire concept of the Youth Village. In its original plan, such places were organized to provide a proper environment for children who were among the eorliests settlers of Israel—children who sometimes were without elders as well as those whoae familiea simply couldn't keep them at home. Now, as the years have pahnrH. the population of these places has changed soBMwhat. In many cases, in fact in most, the kids come from broluo families, from homes where th«« may have been a crimiiMl element or whatever else may fit the deaoriptian "disadvantaged backgrounds." That's the phrase used in an information pamphlet titled "Jets ^and Oranges—Youth Towns of Israel." The reference is to the orchards and the Aeronautical School which are only two areas of work and study tor the residents of thiese special places. A quote from the pamphlet explains—"Every boy and girl should be given the o|/f>ortunily to grow up in a wholasome environaaeDt into self-reliant and wsU-adjustad adults. Her* they live, study and work in the wholesome atmosphere of a democratic youth community."

Here the^r live, study and work In the wholeaome atmosphere of a democratic youth community.

;.,''M«i.-«L./n •",

Those words sound rather stiff and formal. In fact, to simply walk around such places and talk with the children, to listen to the directors, to learn what they are all about, is to come away with the feeling that very important work is being done—that Israel's future generations are toeing well taught, properly raised. To illustrate such a statement, I can relate some of the words I heard in an address from the director of the village we visited. He explained how the kids lived, how they were schooled and taught various skills and espedally be streesed "how we want them to grow up into menschen." He waned all of us we would be drawn to them, wouU want to do something for them, to give them something. He urged, "Please do not give them money. We do not want them to grow up into shnorers. We are trying to'develop them into good, upstanding citizens." From what I observed, they are accomplishing their mission. • We ate a meal with the kids, then separated into groups led by them for sightseeing.Triwy took us to see the dorms they live in, whkh were m&tty complete with poaters Of rock mMsicians and popular movie faces exactly like American ch&dnn might have. They told us which were their favor^aa ud gig^»A about them. They showed us school papers and gradee and told us a bit about their cisasee. In addidca, we saw the hothouses where they ««r* being taught abbttt plants and the small "zoo" where a few animals were being cared fcr. They didn't ask (or anytUng-but the temptation was great to offsr something. Havng baaa waned, w* didn't But everyone took snap^ aiute aad tU kida luw^ MHsd. Some rnvMasd to find their way into the hearts of tlafr guesta. An ll-yaaroU giri. separated from her betoved father, attached twrsaif to one of the men and told him all about bar dad i& an emotkmally-chargad vDkei aoaas iBoke a Uttla EngUah, some were (airtjr QasBt. some didaH know a word but triad sevvaliMharr

The experts who head this program recognize the worth and value of each child... This place and those children were a revelation to many of us. We saw youngsters who might otherwise grow up as misfits unable to get along in any world, being given a golden opportunity to be taught how to get along, to be given schooling, skills, love and guidance as well as proper values. Clearly, this is a humanitarian effort which should be emulated by every civilized country. The experts who head this program recognize the worth and value of each child and proudly work to develop every potential. ,^ The'kids are permitted to make a visit to their-homes and tamOiee every three weeks, so the familial ties are not completely broken. By the same token, some question whetlier this preaents the danger of reverting back to original ways. Apparently not, because the program has remained the same for years; the influence of the youth village is strong enough to sustain. Some of the intensi interest and pleaaufe found in visiting such placee may come from the fact that Jewish agency funds from America support these villages. The Israeli gpvsmment paya ior the srhoolitig but t^ costs of hou» bg, training and daily living corns from us.

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.April 1, 1M6

Beth Israel Synagogue

Temple Israel PASSOVER SERVICES Rabbi Stephan Barack and Cantor Harold Firestone will officiate, Friday, April 1 Sliabbat/Passover Evening Service 5:30 p.m. Saturday, April 2 Shabbat/Passover Morning Service U:15 a.m. Congregational Seder ' 6 p.m. CONCLUSION OF PASSOVER ;S-. Thursday, April 7 tfassover Evening Service 5:30 p.m. Passover Morning Service and Yiskor . . . . 11:15 a.m. CLASSES Religious school—Saturday, April 2, Recess; Sunday, April 3, Recess. Hebrew school—Ginunel and Daled, Monday, April 4, 4 p.m.; Aleph, Tuesday, April 5, 4 p.m.; Bet, Wednesday, April 6, 4 p.m. Confirmation—Wednesday, April 6, 6:30 p.m.

Council Bluffs B'nai Israel PASSOVER There-will be no services tonight as we celebrate Passover with our families. .

PASSOVER SERVICES Friday, April 1 Evening Service First Seder

Passover Candlelighting 6 p.m.

Saturday, April 2 Morning Service Evening Service Second Seder

8:45 a.m. •. .6:30 p.m. Sunday, April 3

Morning service Evening Service

8:45 a.m. 7:30 p.m. CHOL HAMOED April 4-7

Morning Service 7 a.m. Evening Service . . 7:30 p.m. CONCLUDING DAYS OF PASSOVER Thursday, April 7 Evening Service 7:30 p.m. Friday, April 8 Morning Service 8:45 a.m. Evening Service 7:30 p.m. Saturday, April 9 Morning Service 8:45 a.m. Yiskor !.. 11 a.m. Evening Service 7:30 p.m.

Friday, April 1 Saturday, April 2 Tiiursday, April 7 Friday, April 8 •Central Daylight Savings Time

6:30 p.m. 7:19 p.m. •7:37 p.m. •7:38 p.m.

Beth El Synagogue PASSOVER SERVICES Rabbi Paul Drazen and Cantor Emil Bbrkovits will conduct the servicea. Friday, April 1 Shaharit and Siyyum B'chorim Minha/Ma'ariv

6:30 a.m. 6 p.m.

Saturday, April 2 Shaharit Minha/Ma'ariv Second Seder

9:30 a.m. 6:45 p.m. Sunday, April 3

Shaharit Minha/Ma'ariv

9:30 a.m. 7:50 p.m. April4S

tHE MATZAH OF HOPE

Shaharit Minha/Ma'ariv

6:45 a.m. 5:30 p.m.

Thursday, April 7 Shaharit Minha/Ma'ariv At an approprtate point during the Seder, the leader lakes a matiab and says:

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.oViy"? pnj' "73 •\vv- or'*? ^2'J'3 ""f prJ nbu .iinnn \r}\ Kinip npsri in;i ,nnv •inin 'J5 D}'K niyyinn-nn? nwij; ')a Dj'K .D}1B6I irniap nnioip -yvhh y-\m .D'Kjo nnn^ o'JJT oma TVPn"? I'lin iKTif nv oriK -xw iDy}i ,m,3f3 onpiy DK .n^iKini nnpri nix — h^^^\T\ -wnn DK This matzah, which we set aside as a symbol of hope for the Jews of the Soviet Union, reminds us of the indestructible links that exist between us. As we observe this festival of freedom, hv recall that Soviet Jews are not free to leave without harassment; to learn of their past: to pass on their religious traditions; to learn the language of their fathers; to train teachers and rabbis of future generations

e Mark Podwal

At the seder, we drink four cups of wine for the following expression of freedom declared to the Jewish People vyhen we were slaves in Egypt.

We wtil stand with them in their strug^ until the ligf>t of freedom and redemption shines forth.

"I will bring you out from under the burdens of Egypt and I will deliver you ouc of (heir bondage and I will redeem you with an outstretched arm and with great judgments; and I will take you to me for a people ... and I will bring you in to the Land which I swore to give to Abraham, Isaac and Jacob." (Exodus668) Tonight, when we drink the four cups, lei us dedkaie our thoughts to Soviet

Friday, April 8 Shaharit Minha/Ma'ariv

9:30 a.m. ' 6 p.m. Saturday, April 9 Shaharit 9:30 a.m., includes Yiskor Minha/Ma'ariv 7:50 p.m. Passover ends at 8:20 p.m. on April 9.

Lincoln B'nai Jeshurun PASSOVER SCHEDULE NOT AVAILABLE

Lincoln Tifereth Israel PASSOVER SERVICES: Friday, April 1 Service of the First Bom Mincha/Maariv First Seder Saturday, April 2 Morning Service Jr. Congregation Mincha/Maariv Second Seder Sunday, April 3 Shaharit

7 a.m. 6 p.m. 9:30 a.m. 10:15 a.m. 6:30 p.m. 9:30 a.m.

CONCLUSION OF PASSOVER Tbnraday. AprU 7 Mincha/Maariv 6 p.m. Friday, April 8 Shaharit 9:30 a.m. Early Service 6 p.m. Saturday. Apri^9 Services and Yiskor . . 9:30 a.m.

Blumlcin Home

I'm going . totbc

Jews. • Our work will not cea.<e until you *• are bcovgbtoolifitum under the oppressive thumb of Soviet hirassment. fOur heans and our haixls stretch out aiross the (xean in utHlring efforts to radccm you. W We pray that our bbor will take ^ you from represjuon to libeny. • We anxiously await the day when *• the expression pf freedom will be fulfilled- When the Jews of the Soviet Union are brought into the Land of our ancestors.

6:45 a.m. 6 p.m.

SOVIET JEWS

PASSOVER SERVICES Friday, April 1 Evening Service First Seder . Saturday, April 2 Morning Service Ma'uiv . Second Seder

National Qxiferance an Soviet Jewry I

10 East 40th Stiwt Suite 907. New VbrK NY 10016 In CDoperaticn wttti ttw

National JewUh Community KalatioM Advisory Council and the Coalltton to Free Soviet Jews mr-imm- '/..aeiv.- v»,is,iMmj'AttAHrf. aiaiKMOTKica:: -. ftmn'Jic^'^' • itK^., -at.

9 a.m. 5:46 p.m. .6 p.m.

Saaday. April 3 Morning Service Afternoon Sarvice

9 a.m. 4:30 p.m. Cbot Uamocd April 4-7

'MOSCOW 1988 .

5:46 p.m. .6 p.m.

• -M ^

Momiiig Sarvica .. .9 a.m. Aftamoon Sarvica . 4:30 p.m. Fria«y,AprU8 Morning Servica U a.m. Evening Sarvica 7 p.m. Satnrday. April 9 Morning Sarvice 9 a.m. Yiaknr .'. 10:30 a.m. Tha nefclMti and aUlf of tha Hoaa Bluiiikia Homa imita Ow funOiaa, volintaara and Mwda of the raaidanU to attend aarvioM fat the HwlMrC|Ookbt«B ChapaL

April 1, IMS

ooking at history

jMrtth PfMS

The conflict in Israel fronfi an historical perspective By Esther Weil lems unilaterally. She must have partners willing to sit down and consider the needs of both Arabs and Jews. Zionist chairman of Hadassah 1 It is now time for the moderate Arab states to recognize The present Israeli-Palestinian issue needs to be considthe situation for what it is. If they can use the word "negotiered in the light of its historic background. Fact 1—Forty years ago, the United Nations partitioned ate" at an Arab League Siuunit, their leaders can take this what was left of Palestine between the Jews and the Pales- opportunity in the short run to use their influence to put tinians who lived outside of Jordan.- The Jews accepted a damper on the violence. It could avert a disastrous Mid^ their share. The Arabs rejected the offer with deep anger. dle East war. Eventually, Egypt appropriated the Gazp Strip and JorFor 40 years, the Arab world has ignored the suffering dan the West Bank. of the Palestinians in the refugee camps. As a long-term Fact 2— The very day of Israel's statehood, the surround- possibility, they could take a leaf from Israel's book and ing Arab countries attacked Israel with the intent of "push- show compassion for their own by offering the refugees the ing the Jew» into the sea" and claiming the land as their option of staying where they are or accepting ptircels of own. Many Arabs fled the war zone, expecting after the war to return to their own home and to share in the spoils of war. Israel won the war. The Arabs who had remained became citizens of Israel; those who fled were stranded in miserable refugee camps. To the shame of the Arab world, the Arabs didn't lift a finger to help their brothers. They deserted them to live on the charity of the United Nations, which they still do to this day. Fact 3—There were repeated attempts by the Arabs to push the Jews out in 1956, 1967 and 1973. Each war left the Israeli's with more territory. They won the Sinai, the West Bank, Gaza, East Jerusalem and the Golan Heights. Fact 4—In the meantime, Israel's energies went, besides defending themselves, into building a state. They gathered in the Jews from the Arab lands and from Europe, the remnants of Jews who survived the Holocaust. They were the dispossessed, the poor, the illiterate, the sick and elderly, STEWART KAHN & COMPANY the orphans, as well as the strong and promising. They ELECTRICAL CONTRACTOR worked to set up a school system, universities and hospitals, developed industries and agriculture and encouraged 833 Meadow Rd. 333-8399 science and the arts—all to make life good for their people. Omaha, Ne. 333-8408 Fact 5—Israel had repeatedly called on their Arab neighbors to come and talk, to negotiate for peace and break the cycle of wars. Finally, Sadat made his historic trip to Israel in 1979. With the help of the United States, Egypt and Israel hammered out the Camp David Accords. Sadat begged Jordan and the Palestinians to join in the peace treaty. Both refused. Israel gave back the Sinai, with the Israeli-developed oil wells, and more significantly, their air bases and early warning lines which were their main lines of defense—all for the promise of peace. Egypt regained the Sinai but lost their dominant position in the Arab world. Arab nations considered Sadat a traitor and gloried in hia aaaaaaination. Fact 6—Monachem Begin brought to the Camp David conference a detailed, five-year plan fat autonomy for Gaza and the West bank, at the end of which time the Palestinians wodd choose their citizoiahip either with Israel or the Palestinian state of Jordan. The plan was flatly rejected. By now, the PLO, founded in 1964, was well entrenched. The PLO's objective, backed by the Arab League, was the destruction of Israel. For years, Arafat's rhetoric has held out hopes of return for the refugees and filled them with hatred for the Israelis. Since militarily they could not defeat Israel, the PLO turned to terrorism. The terrorism affects not only Israel, but any Arab leader who publicly opts for peace. He is then assassinated as a traitor. Recently, Arafat's power has been eroding. Young Palestinians are becoming disillusioned with his leaderahip. At the November Arab Summit, Arafat played a minor role. The formal statement after the Summit emphasized "negotiation rather than armed struggle." This was a ahodung about face for the PLO. 7113 Cass SI. This, plus a whole series 'of pushings and shovings, fanned by PLO agitators, led the frustrated young people SS8-99«4 in Gaza to the rioting that is gotag on now. And why shouldn't they be rioting^/ They have grown up in degradation, the pawns of Arafat's wild dreams of somehow inharitlng the land of the Jews and returning to what they feel is rightfully theirs. The young people have lost hope and are fullof fury. They vent their fury on the Isradi soldiers they have been taught to hate.

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Their target is the wroQg target. Their angsr should be tumsd to thtit own Isadsrs who have constantly made the wrong chofcas. ntsir le^dws i«tjected the opportunity of statehood when Uw UniUd Nations made t^ ParUtion in 1948. And again thair Isadsrs faHsited a chance for seU-nile whan they rajectad Bagin's plan for autonomy in 1978. It is tragic that thay havs misaad awajr onKftunlty to bs in eontral of thitaown livM. Their iMdwa hav* baan maatar* of miamanagsand brought than to UMIT aad atata. The world preaa puta the onus on laraaL Everyone clamors for Israel to do aomsthing. laraai. at tha mooait, "* Is hi tha nwhuyy poaiticB or bcvng to COUUIN a wpntO" ing rloC Sha doean't raUsh tha )ob of eor^faonting rock and bamb-thrawing yocigitOTi. hmi has ioaw basic iHoaa of bar own that aha maat ooma to grips with. Prom tha start, laraai fii^ that Jaws and Arabs could Uv« la paaeo, and is oamnlttad to finding paaooful tiihiflwia to laiililsiiia laraal <

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land in Arab countries. Give them breathing space and a, chance for a new life. Any map shows that the Arabs have plenty of land to share. They also have plenty of money to. finance such a move. It's cheaper than war. The mistakes of the past cannot be undone, but the future can still be moldeid. Editorial writers have great influence. They help shape public opinion. In all fairness, they should understand the background of the present trouble in the Middle East and use their influence to bring about peace. Encourage the Arabs to "negotiate," to talk to the Jews. Peace cannot be imposed from the outside. It has to be arrived at by the principals.

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April 1,'lass

Jiriam Kluska

It all comes down to Idealism By Alan E. PoUsh What is it that brings young people to Israel or people in general who want to live here? This question is a question that I ask myself, oh, maybe once every six months or so. The answer I like to come up with is Idealism—that is why I am here! So when I went to visit Miriam Kluska, Harry and Annie Allen's daughter, I anticipated that answer... I got some different words, but it all boils down to the same thing. "The bombing of Cambodia," Miriam replied. "1 had finished the spring semester and several of my friends and I decided that we needed a break from America. We went to Europe and traveled around, and then I went to Israel to try a kibbutz and to study on an 'ulpan.' "It was the first time that I had been away from home during the Jewish holidays and I really missed being at home. After a while I began to like the kibbutz. I don't think I.understood that much of it until I came back and was married. My husband told me not to talk about the kibbutz for two years. 'Wait, then we will talk about it,' he said." In the beginning Miriam saw the cultural differences and felt that the kibbutz was a closed society; it bothered her that people did not say hello and things, "especially the young people. The older people are much more open, they are much more wiUing to accept new people than the people my own age group," she added. Miriam moved to kibbutz Na'an in 1972. She moved here after getting married. From my own personal, but limited, kibbutz experience, Miriam is succeeding in an environment that is not easy to succeed in. The kibbutz of today is a different place and idea them it was before Israel was created. "But it still exists,, which means there is still a chance that kibbutz can be a viable place. "Quite honestly there are many things about this kibbutz that are unacceptable to me—even today. You make ' your own priorities and you decide what you can do. When it gets to be unbearable, you leave. One of the things that •I think is important is not to become like everybody else— I don't want to become like the other people my age. "I have lots of doubts about the education on the kibbutz, as a mother of children on kibbutz and as a teacher. There is a limit to what one can do privately on a kibbutz. Alao in the city there are limits—but on a kibbutz there is much lees room to do things—especially in terms of Juda-

ism. Children are under such social pressiu-e, it is difficult to do things against the framework of the kibbutz. The peer group is 80 important and a major influence in the kibbutz society." Is there a synagogue on your kibbutz? "No. Nothing. The holidays have become cultural holidays similar to Thanksgiving in the U.S. It is not acceptable to me! What I miss is some good old Conservative Judaism. It is lacking in Israeli society in general. It is a big problem. We would have fewer problems, I don't mean politically, but if tljere was an acceptance of different forms of Judaism—I think we are missing out on a lot." What about your buaband, was be bom on a kibbutz? "No. He was bom in Poland. They came here after the war. He came to the kibbutz when he was 13—he had Jewish values from home. When it was time for our son to have his Bar Mitivah, we decided that he should have an individual one—something new to the kibbutz. We had to go to a synagogue away from the kibbutz. There was another couple on the kibbutz; the wife wanted the son to have a

Happy Passover

Bar Mitzvah but the husband objected. "My kids really enjoyed going to shul in the U.S. this summer. They went with my eldest brother—natural curiosity. The problem here is when they give you nothing, you don't know what you are missing and then you don't know how to ask." Do you Aaue a Passover seder on the kibbutz? "Oh, yes, a beautiful one. There is no bread on the tables. That way they keep things pretty cultural—and the seder is fairly close to the Haggadah, but it is interspersed with other things—that, in itself, is nice." Does the kibbutz do the symbolic harvest of the wheat the following day? "Yes, which is something special because it connects it all together. It puts the counting of the 'omer' into perspective." What is the condition ofJewish values on your kibbutz? "It is almost void of Jewish values—it is terrible. It hurts me when I think about my children—you have to give it to them. If you don't give them anything then you are making a judgment for them that you don't have a right to make. You are not giving them any tools to make an adult decision—how do you deal with a child that says I am not a Jew but an Israeli. You have to say to them that here in Israel you can think that, but the minute you leave the airport you are Jewish and everybody will know that you are—people don't realize this." I think Miriam's view of the secular Israeli Jew is accurate, as frightening as it might seem. Miriam and her husband are doing something unique on the kibbutz by trying to raise their children to be interested in and enjoy Judaism and at the same time trying not to disrupt the framework of the kibbutz. As in most places, the only way to make changes is by making the changes yourself first—fighting for your rights (maybe). It appears that Miriam might be on the right path; she was recently elected to the General Council of the kibbutz. When you believe in something and you have the ability to, you try and improve things; it makes your life a little more meaningful. I was only able to speak with Miriam for a little while. She was in between teaching and a meeting. When we finished, I felt confident that with her work and philosophy, there is tfchance that kibbutz life will continue to grow in ' a positive way. She likes the kibbutz and I think she wants to keep it that way.

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Omahan Norman Wohlner writes from Israel Editor's Note: Omahan Nonnan Wohlnci^, a member of the Jewish Community Center Old Tiitaws gronp, went to Israel in December for a four-month stay. Mr. Wohbier is the brother-in-law of'former Omahan David Lazarus, who made aUyah to Israel a few years ago. Mr. Wohlner recounted some of iiis activities as a volunteer in Israel in letters he sent to the Jewish Press. What appears below is an edited version of the letters Mr. Wohlner sent. 12/15/87—On arrival in Israel, we waited in a long line to get our visas stamped. The passport itself was not stamped, a precaution taken here to prevent trouble if a .visitor should want to go to those countries that will not

The enthusiasm on both sides, student and teacher, Is tremendous and Infectious .. .

honor passports which show a trip to Israel. It was an approximately 40-mile ride to the Hotel Sironit in Netanya, where we i«^ be based until March 6. The rooms are clean, small, comfortable , but hardly enough for two people, although most of the rooms are shared. There are quite a few single people on this trip; eight married couples out of total of 28 people. After a tour of the city, we were sent out to the various jobs assigned to us. I ctiose tutoring students in English, as did sevo^ others. Four won)en and 1 have been assigned to a school called Shorishim which has about 1,100 students. The funds assigned to the various schools around the country have been cut and cut again, due to the need to keq> inflation at a minimum As far as I can see, the schools are operating at below minimum needs. On an observation visit we saw two classes at the sixth and eighth levels (the word grade is not used) and I could only marvel at the children and their teachers.

The enthusiasm on both sides, studedt and teacher, is tremendous and infectious and considering the difficulties under which they operate, the results' are astonishing. I found myself annoyed by the fact that one eighth-level classroom, which was located right off the pUiyground, had no door. The subject of the class that day was police worlc and testifying by witnesses. Would such a subject even be allowed in an eighth grade in the U.S.? With all the noise coming in, there was no flagging of attention by the students and the teacher continued her enthusiastic control and worlc with them. We each have two pupils to coach in pronunciation but I won't see them again for 11 days because they will be off for Hanukkah vacation. With 1,100 students in the school, a broken chair means that a student must either stand or sit on the floor. The husband of one of the women in our group is doing maintenance and said it is a "catastrophe." Chair repairman Hyman Satlow from Coral Springs, Fla., is being admired for his work and as a reward, some of the boys are being permitted to work with him.

The kids have made me feel Important...

The kids have made me feel important, asking for my autograph. This morning I gave the head of the department a map of the United States which I thought they might enjoy and put to good use. It is a constant amazement to me how avid they are to learn English. These classes, which start at the fourth level, are so important because so much of the information needed is available only in English. After Hanukkah, we are supposed to have some highschool students come to the hotel for conversational English, a requirement for graduation, along with reading and writing the language. Sunday night we had a speaker on Israeli-Arab relations.

The speaker, Mike Eldar (Adler before he migrated from Britain to Israel at age 18), spent 22 years in the navy, retiring at 40 with the rank of captain. He spent more than six years at Sharm El Sheikh at the tip of the Negev where it projects iHto the Red Sea. He also spent time running supplies into Lebanon and meeting with the American naval attache. After his retir^ent, Capt. Elder became a lecturer in history for Td Aviv University and he also joined a new political party which, among other things, is striving to change the voting system. I hope to have an interview with him next week at his office in Tel Aviv.

/ find that changes In the political system are being discussed with growing enthusiasm.

1 have talked with a 17-year resident of Netanya who said very few people are satisfied with the voting system—in spite of the resistance to change, there are people who are trying to do eo. 1/6/88—At the school where I am tutoring fourth and fifth graders in reading English there is: 1. No heat— students and teachers must wear warm clothing at all times; 2. Equipmefat which we would regard as adequate and indispensable is practically non-existent; 3. Supplies— often less than one book per pupil is the norm; 4. The physical condition of the buildings is a catastrophe. Of course, having students who are greedy to learn and teachers \yho are eager to teach does help. In my contacts to date, I find that changes in the political system are being discussed with growing enthusiasm. Three times a week in the late afternoon, I spend 1-1'/t hours with a couple of 12th graders in conversational English. On my first day with them I got them to talk about the political situation as it is being discussed in their classroom. They want a change. (Centinned on Page 58)

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Why study ancient history? By Professor Menachem Mor Editor's Note: The following address was delivered by Professor Menachem Mor on Jan. 25,1988, on the occasion of his installation as the first holder of the newly created Philip M. and Ethel Klutznick Chair in Jewish Civilization at Creighton University in Omaha. When I was interviewed for the Phil and Ethel Klutznick Chair in Jewish Civilization, I was asked many questions, but two tave stayed in my mind. One was, "Do I define myself as a rehgious Jew?" The second one was, "Can you teach History 105: Introduction to Western Civilization," or other courses in modern history? The first question would take too long to answer and 1 'm limited to 30 minutes. But the second question is important to me as a Jewish classicist and today I hope to complete my answer telling my colleagues in the department of history why I feel we should study, ancient history. An Israeli scholar once wrote that Israel is a paradise for historians. What makes this country so special tfr an historian? On one hand, the past is nearly 3,000 years old, and permeates the atmosphere with antiquity. On the other hand, Israel is a young state which is only 40 years old and according to Bernard Lewis, increasingly anxious about its quest for roots, for an historical background to the Jewish identity as a territorial nation, to statehood, and at a lower

level, anxious also, for military heroes. But above all, for political, national and territorial continuity ... (History, Remembered, Recovered, Invented, 1975, p. 30).

For Israelis, the past is related to many aspects of everyday life: the calendar and holidays, education, the written and electronic media, and even in political and military decisions. The national passion for archaeology in Israel is symbolic of the need for the past in present day. It is itself a major element in the national myth-making, process. Israel is one of the few places in the world where historians are writing for a public of 10,000-20,000 consumers, no matter how esoteric the topic. Only in Israel can you sell out an auditorium of 1,000 seats for a lecture on history. Out of Israel's six Presidents, four were professional or semi-professional historians. Today I will briefly examine how past and present are interwoven. "We have not occupied other people's land or taken other people's property, but only the inheritance of our ancestors, unjustly.seized for a time by our enemies. We have . grasped our opportunity and have claimed our patrimopy." Do the contents of this claim sound familiar? Isn't it the main justification of modem Jewish settlers who move into the occupied West Bank, what they call Judea and Sumaria? Isn't their central argument their right to the land as ft was promised to their ancestors. The land which extends from the river of Eygpt in the south to the Euphrates in the north? The above quote is not from the newspaper, it is the response of Simon the Hasmonaean to King Antiochus VII Sidetes, who ordered Judeans to withdraw from the newly conquered territories and cities and pull back to the limited borders of Judea before the Hasmonaean revolt which started in 167 BCE. The contents and tone are very well known and familiar, but the above citation is over 2,000 years old. It is a quotation from the First Book of Maccabees, Chapter 15, verses 33-34.

We have grasped our opportunity ani mc^ have claimed our patrimony. '^u

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Our Best Wishes for a Happy Passover

Simon's answer to the Seleucid demands reflected the Jewish belief that the land was an inheritance through God's will and promise, it was their patrimony. This was the first time that a Jewish leader used this argumentation with a non-Jewish civil ofSdaL The idea of the poe^pssion of the land became vested with religious significance. (See fw example Psalms, Chapter 106, Verse 11: "I will give you the land of Canaan He said, to be your possession, your PatrinK>Dy.") In spite of Simon's uncompromising position, be was prepared to negotiate about Joppa and Gazara which he recognized were not part of that original ' patrimony. Would the words attributed to the aged King Solomon in Ecclesiastes 1:9 apply, "What was will be again; what has been done will be done again; and there is nothing new under the sun." Is there really nothing new under the sun in the Middle East? Since the Six.Days War in 1967, can some Jewish groups in Israel be compared to the Jews of the Hasmonaean period? Though 2,000 years separates them, the belief in the inheritance of Canaan unites them and still plays an important part in modem Israeli politics. These surprising parallel behefs lead us to consider some questions about history, the study of history in geaeral, and ancient history in particular. Perhaps the quote from Ecclesiastes does not apply to the study of history. Each event contains a unity of its own and two events can never be the same, at least for the reason that the second already has a precedent, while the first has not. How can we apply the study of history to the present? Hegel would say (liectures on the Philosophy of World History), "Experience and history shows that na^ons and govemments have never learned anything from history Jtnd that their actions have never heeded the lessons hiirtbiy ,might have offered." On the other hand, the Amenean historian Allan Nevins holds that, "The conception which men have of their record in generations past shapes their dreams and ambitions for the generations to come." For him, history is actually a bridge connecting the post with the present, and pointing the road to the future.

What motivated a political science 8ch<riar to write a series of Books based on snclent history?

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Though t personally prefer t|te interpretation which pa^ tiolly <)iKonnect»tli«.paat from the proooit, for this lec-^ ture I will consider the hypothesis that the past con andj may be appUedto the pment. Recently Isnwli scholars ore using different andent Jewish event! to strengthen their own position* in contwnparto' political controversies. One such ocholor is ProfoMor Yehoohofat Horkabi, ani aut|iority on Afab affairt and tha Arah-Israeli conflict.] preaently professor of intai^ational ralation* and Middle j (CoatlBMd oa Pf U)

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Mor—Why study history? (Continntod from Page 64) Eaatern studies at the Hebrew University, Jerusalem, In the I950's, Yehoshafat Harkabi served in the ranis of Major General as Chief of Military Intelligence for theState of Israel. On May 20,1980 Harkabi published an article in the Hebrew paper Ma-ariv on theBar-Kokhba Revolt which took place from 132-136 CE. According to the author, the aim of this article was "to examine what lesson coul^ be gleaned from the defeats my people, the Jews suffered." This article was later enlarged to a series of Hebrew books. The first. Facing Reality: Lessons from'Jeremiah, the Destruction of the second Temple and the Bar-Koidiba Rebellion (Jerusalem 1980). The second, a longer version called: Vision, Not Fantasy (Jerusalem 1982). And finally, an English edition entitled: The Bar-Kokhba Syndrome, Risk and Realism in International Politics (Chappaqua, New York, 1982). ^ What motivated a political science scholar to write a se^ ries of books based on ancient history? This question becomes more provocative when we consider the opening phrase of his book. The Bar-Kokhba Syndrome: "1 hardly imagined that I would author a book on the Bar-Kokhba Rebellion. I am not an historian." What compelled Harkabi to overcome this reservation on what he considered to be a nationally sensitive issue? In The Bar-Kokhba Syndrome, the first five chapters actually deal with the Bar-Kokhba Revolt (pages 1-114) while the last five chapters (pages 115186) concentrate on Harkabi's understanding of what he calls political realism, particularly the question: Is modem Israeli policy realistic? What links these two parts of the book together? The answers to this lies in the second of the book. Harkabi's main targets were two groups who emerged after Israel's victory in 1967. He divided these groups into those with a secular orientation who defined Zionism as the in-gathering of all the Jewish people in the entire land of Israel. For them, this land is the land of of the people of Israel. If aliens aurently inhabit the land, they should not be molestisd—but it is not their land and they reside there, as it were, illicitly. Such a definition precludes any conces. sions and this group he considered unrealistic. The second group, those with a religious orientation who are mainly identified with the Gush Emmunim Movement, also shares the beliefs of the secular group. But they add a religious national perception to some dimensions of recent Jewish history; the return to Zion, the establishment of the State of Israel, and recent historical events, are seen as acts of Divine Providence. For them the military victory of the Six Day War was an astonishir.~ -\d divine miracle, which marked the beginning of the oachi 'ological era of redemption. Harkabi tielieves tiiat iiistory is an open dialogue between the past and present, in which the past cannot respond. He cautions the reader to maintain a sense of proportion and to be sensitive to the relativity of historical events which can generate critical norms. This could have a beneficial influence on current Israeli political behavior.

critical understanding of the Bar-Kokhba Rebellion takes hold in Israel, the more secure will be the future' of the state." As an historian, I'm questioning whether his work on the Revolt is critical. If Harkabi's historical methodology is not scholarly, then why is he dealing with the Second Revolt at all? It seems be is reading history though his preconceptions to legitimize his viewpoint of current Israeli policy. While I agree with his current assessment, I disagree with his use of history. His'main failure is that he avoided con< sidering alternative interpretations of the Revolt-. Therefore, his analysis is limited to information which substantiates his hypothesis. Unfortunately, there are few primary sources for this Revolt. Was the leader's name Bar-Kokhba, which means "son of a star," or Bar Kozibah, meaning "son of a liar?'.' Until 26 years ago there was no definite answer to this basic question. The Bar-Kokhba Revolt in Israel has been a "burning issue" since the sixties when significant discoveries were made in the Judean desert. For the first time historians had real evidence supporting the few available primary sources on the Revolt. Since then, 13 books and wnore than 100 articles have been published on this topic

alone. The archaeologist who directed the dig, the late Professor Yigael Yadin, former chief of staff of the Israeli army, galvanized the entire nation by what he called The Rediscovery of the Legendary Hero of the Second Revolt Against Rome. There are two scholariy approaches to the Second Revolt; the first treated the Revolt of 132-135 CE as a general one which spread all over Eretz-Israel, attracting the whole Jewish population, even persuading non-Jews to join the rebels. The Revo'.'; was led by a central figure who was supported by the entire population and recognized by the religious leaders, the Sages. Rabbi Akiba, the most prominent sage, proclaimed Bar-Kokhba as the Messiah. In order to crush the Jewish Revolt, the Romans had transferred enormous numbers of legions and auxiliary units with their best officers to Judea. Causing many losses and casualties among the Romans, the Jews fought for three-and-a-half years. Finally, the Revolt was supressed, the Romans retahated and brutally punished the rebels; about 600,000 were kiUed and nearly 1000 villages were destroyed. Many of the inhabitants were sold into slavery and, for the first time, the Jews became a minority in EretzIsrael. (Continued on Page 66)

History can be turned and twisted to suit all possible purposes.

—

I I think that when Harkabi uses history as the basis for I. conteniporary political practice, he loses both a sense of [ proportion and a feel for historical events. As Edward H. Corr has written, "Before you study history, study the historian, and before you study the historian, study the historical and social environment." (What ta History, NY 1962) History can be turned and twisted to suit all possible purposes, even ones which ar« diametrically opposed. The picture history presents is a subjective interpretation of objective facts—historians make history. We can make of history what we will, and an appeal to history can be used to justify any political goal. While I agree with the last part of the book which deals with political raalism as it applies to the current ArabIsraaii conflict, I have serious reservations about his use •0f hictory in the first part. Harkabi is calling for a revision of the Jewish historical outlook. He manta to secularize Jewish history by considering it as an outcome of political and'military errors uid not divinely decreed. Haricabi wapta to aeculariM the Bar-Kokhba Revolt, and torepnwent it as the worst cattfBtrophe that ever happened to Uw JewiahjMoplt. ' The main source that Harkabi used for the Bar-Kokhba Ravolt was an article by Michael Avi-Yonah. This article ia part of a two volume, coffee-table edition on Jewish history published by the Ministry of Defeoae. Avi-Yonah's arI tJcie ia a reprint of an earii«' vwiion which was outdated ' at the time of itaeeooadputiUcitkKi. Harkabi built a "straw man" out of this simple article which strengthened the 'myth emphaidziog the heroic aide of the nwoH wUie unit« fatal rseulU. What do^ Harkabi gain by aoithe disastrous reaulta of the rebelUonT On the ol UM Second Revolt, isn't he buikUaf aaothtr myth sees this rebeUton u the biggest cstastrophe that the Jews aufteed in andMt times, a dkastar which he calls • holocaust? HarksU states his ooovisUoa that as "a more Kfii-'aiBKISSE!;'* •I'JLIX-f >S J

THE WISE SON"What says the wise son? He asks: What are the testimonies, statutes and judgments whence the Lord our God had commanded you? Then you shall instruct him in all the laws of the Passover..."

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Mor—Why study history?

(Continued from Page 661 The second approach to the Revolt represents a much more critica) and suspicious attitude that stems from the few sources that are available. These scholars prefer a minimal approach to the Revolt. For them, the territorial scope of the Revolt was limited just to the Judean hills and the Galilean population never took part in the revolt. They doubted the massive support of the Sages in general, particularly Rabbi Akiba's, and therefore also rejected the unity of the rebels. There are doubts about the strength of the Roman army which suppressed the revolt. They cannot deny the length of the revolt, but it is explained through military tactics, then heavy Jewish resistance. The Talmud described the Revolt in retrospective while struggUng with the theological problem, why did God allow the Messiah to lose the war against Rome and be killed by them? What is novel about this approach is that the outcome of the Revolt is not viewed as a total catastrophe. The Romans punished just the areas that took part in the revolt. According to new archaeological findings, other parts of the country continued to flourish, even the Judean territories which took part in the Revolt. The Mishnah, which was edited and published some 60 years later in this very area, testifies to the strength of the Jewish community after the Revolt. This massive achievement could never have been-accomplished if the outcome had indeed bwn a total catastrophe. Harkabi ignored most elements of the second approach to the Bar-Kokhba Revolt. But he adoptefl the argument

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that the Galileans didn't take part in the revolt, for which he was thankful that their political realism insured the continuation of the Jews as a people. But he rejected other interpretations within this second approach which do not reinforce the decisiveness which he wants to attribute to the Bar-Kokhba Revolt as a primary example of political unrealism. According to the minimalist's understanding of the Revolt, the rebels and their leader were a marKinal group, who had little impact on most of the Judean population and the revolt was not a decisive event in Jewish history. Later generations of Jewish writers inflated the image of BarKokhba turning him from a failure and cause for despair, into a source of Messianic hope.

For rebels, the term realism Is alien.

What are the implications of the revolt for present issues in Israeli politics? Harkabi blames the subjugated Jewish rebels and their leaders for acting in a non-realistic manner towards the Romans. For rebels, the term realism is ahen. If the leaders of.any historical revolt would have ini-

tially given serious consideration to any prospects of success, there would have been no revolts.'Wow can Harkabi draw a iomparison between the aspirations of the Jewish rebels in the Second revolt and government policies of Israel as a sovereign state? If Harkabi wanted to criticize the Begin govenml^nt and teach us the dangers of Gush Emmunim's mystical politics, why use the past! There are better contemporary examples. He should have compared the Israeli government's policy towards its Arab subjects in the West bank to the policy of the Romans towards its Jewish subjects. Instead, Harkabi drew an analogy with the heroes switched around. Shouldn't he have compared the Arabs with the Jewish rebels? Is he suggesting that the Arabs revolt against the Israeli government? Of course not, because he is a proponent of a mutually acceptable, peaceful solution to the Arab-Israeli conflict. If he wants to teach a lesson of realism to Jewish groups, why is he using the past in such a twisted form? In his book, Creative History, Nugent claims that history has the "virtue of being able to train us to think''' (Walter K. Nugent, Creative History, Garden City 1969). This process of thinking is complex because neither people nor their history are simple (Robert V. Daniel, Studying History: How and Why (Englewood Cliffs, N.J. 1981). (Cootinned on Page 57)

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Mor^Why Study History? and terror are escalating on both sides of the conflict. To paraphrase the words of the Israeli author A. B. Yehoshua, in a letter to the New York Times, the arrogance and stiffneckness on both sides derive from a lack of confidence in the world. And it's a terrible irony that these fears create our own traps. What are we learning from the past? As I think about it Hegel's words come to my mind that experience and history, "show that nations and governments have never learned anything from history ... nations live in such individual circumstances that earlier circumstances do not completely fit later ones because conditions have changed." Despite Hegel's pessimistic attitude, I love the study of history. History is life and a most pleasurable occupation for me. And therefore, I would like to conclude with the words of A.B. Yehoshua, "The only .way to shed our fatal-* ism is to break our preoccupation with the past and learn to improvise." I hope that wisdom will be stronger than power, and that in the near future, positive changes willheal the fractured relationships between those living in the land of milk and honey. Without such a solution, we are doomed to continued escalation leading to more bloodshed. And, just as in the jungle, it may become a savage war of survival.

(ContinnMl from Page 661 And there is no better example of this than the Middle East. But while I would like to learn from the past, I don't believe the past can be applied to the present. In retrospect, what lesson can the Bar-Kokhba Revolt teach us as we near the end of the 20th century? Perhaps the main lesson comes through values: respect, mutual understanding, consideration, cooperation. These are the key words for relations between nations that destiny has brought together. The failure of the Bar-Kokhba Revolt taught the Jewish leaders that malice, disobedience, violence and force could not solve the problems between the occupied Jewish population and the Romans. But the Romans learned that a rigid policy against the Jewish natives could only raise their basic resistance to the occupation. Following this Revolt, both sides decreased their expectations and demands. One of the conspicuous examples of this change in attitude was the relation that developed between the prominent Jewish Leader, Judah the Patriarch and the Roman Ceasar, Antonious Pius. What are we facing these days in Israel? Increased bitterness, non-compromising positions, violence as a solution,

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^K (Continued from Page 63) 1^^ I would judge that practically every one of the 20-30 political parties are discussing the subject, but so far any bill in the Knesset on the subject has been voted down or vetoed. It would mean the demise of a number of those parties and the political clout that they have because no party has had a majority in the Knesset since the very first meeting. However, I did hear that Peres waa reported to have remarked that there should be no more than three parties. The present system is a child of the old Eastern European sociaUsm which tried to give everyone a say. Each party may present a slate of up to 120 candidates for the Knesset. The votes of any party which polls less than one percent of the total are divided among the rest in some sort of proportional distribution. Which means that the larger parties get proportionally more than the smaller parties. The two largest, Likud and Labor, are guaranteed at least 40 seats on the basis of past elections. At party conventions, the infighting is to get as high on the slate as possible. The secretary-general of each party seems to be the power behind the throne in determining WZPS iilMcbr BkklJ NinrilM where each name goes on the list. One man to whom I spoke Volunteers digging at the extensive excavations in Beit said he was told by his secretary-general that he had pracShe'an. tically no chance of getting a seat in the Knesset because his name was too far down the list. I believe deserves more praise and discussion then it has There are attempts afoot to change the voting from strict- had to this point. ly a party vote to allow for some area representation but In Beit Vagan, a suburban area of Jerusalem, is the B'nai the results to date have been nil. But it will take much long B'rith Women's school for children. This school was hard work to accomplish any such change. Of this coun- founded some 30-plus years ago to take care of the Tehetry's many problems, many are pecuUar to it alone. They ran children, a group of Jewish children who had been taken will be solved, but not instantaneously. How many of the out of Europe into Russia and then south to Teheran. From problems around the world can be solved overnight? There there they were brought to Jerusalem. They were in need are no instant answers. A noted EngUshman was once of care, clothing, food, education and, in particular, profesheard to remark that England had no eternal friends, only sional care for severe disturbances caused by their exeternal interests. periences. As the first group of 20 came to the end of their need for care, there were others and these were taken in as room was available. In 1952, B'nai B'rith Women of America took over the responsibility for the maintenance of this Of this country's many problems, group. Land was purchased in Beit Vagan, a suburb of Jerusalem. From the end of the bus line it was a 20- 30-minute many are peculiar to It alone. walk. Buildings were erected and the new school was dedicated in 1955. There has been a change over the years to care for boys who are mentally disturbed, rather than just any child in need. In my hkjmble opfai(>n, the greatest thing the western Chessie Cohen, a sabra who has been with the school for world coum^o.now irould'oe to remember that Israel is ovpr 25 years, is the present director. When we visited the the only constant friertd they can find in this part of the school, we were met by his assistant, a young woman from world. • Philadelphia who had been at the school for about 17 years. 1/22/88—1 discovered something a few days ago which She told us the boys must be at least eight but not more

than nine and a half when they come to the school. Usually they are returned to their fijmLies in 2-4 years but may stay until they are 14 if it is deemed necessary. There is also a group home which cares for boys 14-18 if it is required. A staff of 70 professionals cares .for the 65 boys in the home.

/ extend my personal congratulations to the Omaha B'nai B'rith Women on the magnificent work they are doing to support such a vital program.

I do not know the length of time that such professionals in the U.S. stay in a location, but at this home the average professional stays about seven years. The school is accepted by various universities for extern work for candidates for master's and doctorate degrees in fields connected with such work. Most of these people stay on for some period of years beyond the required time. &hooling is up to the standards required by the Ministry of Education as required by all schools which receive funds from that division of the federal government here. When a boy has a tantrum, which can happen at any time, no drugs are used. The boy is physically held by a member of the staff until he quiets down, even if that requires the whole day. I would imagine that this school is watched by other similar schools around the world. Thirty percent of the school's funds are Israel federal funds. The remaining 70 percent (over $1,000,000) of the school's financial needs are taken care of by the B'nai B'rith Women's groups. The goal of the school is to bring the boys to the point of being capable of acceptance into the armed services, which itself calls for a fairly high standard. There have been a few exceptional cases of boys going to university, including a professor or two, and some fairly high officers in the armed services. There are also one or two boys who were or are in prison. New, larger homes which will house 12 boys instead of the present three or four are being built. There will be more room for activities and better facilities all around. I extend my personal congratulations to the Omaha B'nai B'rith Women on the magnificent work they are doing to support such a vital program. They should be more vociferous about what they have been doing.

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Pioneer Womendedicating themselves to building a Jewish homeland By Edith Rogert As we prepare to celebrate the 40th anniversary of the State of Israel, it's so easy for some of us who were bom after 1948 to take Israel's very existence for granted, even though generations of Jews before us dedicated their lives toward the rebuilding of a Jewish homeland. "Israel," they say, "was built up doUar by dollar by the coins of the the little pushke ladies." In the 1920'B and 30's, Omaha was a hotbed of poUtical. activity with many groups working toward the dream of a better life for Jews everywhere. One very small but dedicated group was chartered in Omaha in 1928. Known then as the "Pioneer Women," these were young, Yiddish-speaking immigrants from Russia. They had joined the "Poale Zion" (SocjaUst Zionism) as teenagers and they had brought their political activism and Labor Zionism with them to the new country. Started by a handful of women who answered an urgent request for $600 to /umish a well for a women's agricultural training farm in the hills outside Jerusalem, the organization set itself the task of raising funds for more vocational training schools for girls and estabUshing nurseries for the children of working mothers. Imbued with the Labor Zionist philosophy, the organization worked with the conviction of total women's rights, capabilities and responsibiUties.

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"Israel was built up dollar by dollar by the coins of the little puske ladles." !^^^^^^^^| Some of the original founders had longed to be heroines of the second and third ally ah. If they found themselves in the United States instead of Palestine, the dream still beckoned. They needed its spiritual substance. This meant that meetings had to be frequent, earnest and impassioned. Suspicious of frivolity, it was a long time before these passionate women tolerated purely social gatherings. Lectures by prominent speakers abounded. Many "schilot" (messengers) visited with news of the "chalutzim" (pioneers) who were enduring the hardships and deprivation of actually trying to survive in the backbreaking malaria-ridden swamps of Palestine. These visits motivated our "chevera" (comrades) to a flurry of fundraising activities for the cause. Their dedica^ tion reached monumental proportions. They had committed themselves to a lifetime of involvement. These ladies helped build a better and just society and a Jewish homeland to boot by just unspectacular hard work. Our veterans' cooking and baking abilities are legendary. They turned this talent into a way to add to their coffers. They all claim to have made the best atrudel, which they can still describe in vivid detail. It seems to have been a main staple in their diet.

Jpn Duitch

Pint row, from left: Sis Katskee Muon, Rose KapUn, Charney Sdraf, Sylvia Magxamin Sidman, Clara Kaplan, Mary Kaplan, Eather Richman Gordman; second row, from left: GoUye Fish Goldberg, Bea Burstein Mar-

^I^H cus, EtU Camel RoMnthal, EtU Stoler Ginaberg, Alice Goldbtrg Greenfield; third row, from left: Sylvia Parilman, Nancy Soiref, Edith Epstein Passer, Miriam Leib Cooperman, Annie Kaplan Epstein, Lily Epstein Guss. 1

Elmwood Park in those days held natural spring waters, which was a natural attraction to the entire community trying to escape the heat. The Pioneer Women provided huge picnics for their membership and entire families, with a bake sale thrown in for good measure. Homemade gefilte fish, mixed in gigantic bowls, was the main attraction, and blintzes, two for a quarter, are also worthy of note. Of course all the food was donated. No one at that time had heard of just charging more to cover expenses or allowing for a small margin of profit. Our veterans deUght in recounting how they had spent the previous week get: ting on and off the streetcars accompanied by their children to visit with the various business people, Jewish and Gentile, who would champion their cause.

A beautiful outcome

By Alan E. Potash _^ My grandmother tells a beautiful story of her first experience with her "blue box," the Jewish National Fund. It was a cold winter day, she was in her pre-teens. Out in the cold with her friend Ethel Levinson (now Ethel Edger), they walked door to door collecting money for the future of a Jewish Sute. They both collected about t20-not bad back then. Why do I tell this atory? Well, there is on Omahan in Jeniaalam that I see at iMst aooe a WMk, if not more oft«n, and that is Jon Duitch, Ethal Edgir'i grandaoff. What a beautiful outcoma to tha afforta of Uwse two children-little did they know (or m^yba not) thaUhey were making it poaaibk for thair unborn grandcWren to live in Israel-the Jewish Homeland. Some sixty years latar, Jon and 1 could use that •20-just kidding. Jon keepa himaalf busy with a venture that he and two of his niends ataitad about a year ago-laraal Comics. Israel's,first "suparharo" UriOn. came alive. 'Starting a business In this country is not the easi) eat thing to do hut it Mp* to build chsractir," ha com.. mented. Jon usually turns his expvianoe* into intsnating insights into Ufa. We oftan apeak about the difficulties of Uvhig away from the family. Ha told ma that living h«ro In laraal is eaay for him bscauss ha has a atrcog support syst«m. "My paraots tn vary undavttndtag ind •oeou^ aging about living here-the video tapss of my niaca alwayai givas m* a booat." Baaldaa oommitUng himaalf to IsnwL Jm racantly got mwrriad. "Oatting marriad changad my Ufal," ha quipped.

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Apparently the business people were considered fair game. If they did contribute, it was time and time again. They were also aware that it was customary for these good ladies to pound the pavement selling ads for their legendary ad books; who could they turn to but their friends and neighbors and the good store operators. One fact surfaces constantly. Not one organizational penny was ever spent. All monies made were immediately sent off and, of course, there was a constant need for more fundraising activities. Flower Day was another annual event. One member, whose mother was a founder, fondly recalls her first memory of Pioneer Women as if it were yesterday. As a very small girl, she stood on a street comer with a handful of felt poppies in one hand and a canister for the donations in the other, and in the pouring raini As she tells It, "Businass wss quite good. Moat gave a nickel, milUonairea gave a quarterl" Another second-generation Pioneer put it this way. "Mama was always buying raffle tickets. We never had much but she really gave of herself. She would come home from a meeting with a pocketful of raffle stubs and I would always greet her at the door with my usual perky inquiry, 'Mama, what did you buy today? Mama, what did you buy?'" If the women didn't make quota, and tbay seldom did even after all thair efforts, it maant just one moi^ baka sale, one more rumms|e sale, one more effort! The endless raffle and baka salaa have quietly given w«y to tha habit of. making largw donations twice a year, for our ganaral mwnbarshlp and supporters in tha community. The naad is still th«r« and our "vatikot" (veterans) Iteq^i responding. Many live In retirement communities or nursing homes. It'a very difficult, if not impossible, for many to even attend meetings. But as long as they live, thay will continue to meet the needs of the women and children of Israel. They have lived their lives in total commitment to a cauea. This wMn't an organisation, it was i^ w«y of life. Their work didn't stop when Israel wu estahUilwil. Indeed it had Just begun. Evan now, 40 years later, not one bes Gonsidarad that ahe has dona coough. They point with pride to all that baa been Mwompliahed within such s short period, but th«y keep streesing that the need* are still great and growing. Yes, Iirau went from a dream to i hope, to a reality. But reallliea have to be supported tool Because of age infhraltlee, aome cannot put pen in hand. Their grown children, grandparente themiieivee. iign and aend in the checks for them. They must understand the "Legacy of Love" th.at was handed down to them u the moniee always srrivsion time to make just one more "quota." After all, Labor Zkwinn ww their buatAM* WKI as hard II k^ worked, the buainaaa U still »inf>il»keri.

JSLK

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rTrieh Breslow |L° Judaism and Tai Chi—grow together By Alan E. Potash ^^ "1 "I roal really

got into the idea of having a family—I met my wife here—she was one of my students. Everything started happening for me; the vision I had for myself started to become real—here. The external environment in the States blocked the feelings I had about a family." I had to walk for about ap hour, usually a nice thing to do in Jerusalem, but the day I went to visit former Lincolnite Arieh Breslow it was different. I thought while I was walking that it was just a basic rainstorm and that, because my contact lenses were new, ipy eyes were not used to the rain. Wrong! I looked at my camera equipment, I ran my fingers through my hair; everything was full of sand. I had just walkeid through a sandstorm; rain, wind and sand—lovely. Arieh Breslow lives with his family on the outskirts of Jerusalem. When'I walked into his apartment I was surprised to see such a relaxing place. Most homes in Israel are your basic three bedrooms, kitchen, living room—Arieh and his wife, Ann, have transformed their basic apartment in line with their personal philosophies—opeimess. I found Arieh te possess a philosophy, an idea that is certainly new in Israel. "I liked the environment in the States, but I was more interested in learning Torah and traditions—in America, you have to either do it on your own or move to a specific community. Here in Israel I found people, not extremists, who were in tune with the world plus into Judaism and traditional values. One of the soecial things about Jerusalem is it is the center of 'Yiddishkeit.' "It has its disadvantages, too—the tension of what is happening now. This is where I see my Tai Chi, giving the

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opportunity to slow down a bit and to get in touch with ourselves. I feel that peace begins inside and then it csin grow—I am not saying that one should keep that peace-

7 feel that peace begins inside and then it can grow ... " fulness inside, but to bring it out into the world." Tai Chi is not something new to me, so when I found Arieh I was turned on in the begiiming to what he was saying. But when I was in college I was interested in Eastern

thought and was torn because I thought it was in conflict with Judaism, So I asked him what he thought about the two working together. "I never force my Judaism in my Tai Chi, and I don't push Tai Chi into my Judaism. I l«t them grow up together. ^ I don't feel any conflict at all. I sttuied getting back into ' Judaism about the same time I started getting into Tai Chi." I decided that I should take a look at one of Arieh's classes in Tai Chi. Naturally, his class takes place in a bomb shelter (bomb shelters are such useful places! in the winter time, and in the other times of the year, he teaches it outside—inhaling the clean, fresh Jerusalem air. There are three basic parts to his class: meditation, warmup movements, and the form. I enjoyed participating in one of the meditations that was a visualization—imagining that roots were growing out of the bottoms of your feet and were slowly breaking the surface of the ground and growing down toward the center of the earth. I liked the use of roots for many reasons. The basic one is that bei^ig Jewish, our roots are here in Israel; and the other is that by letting your roots grow you are strengthening yourself. In other words, by having children (future roots), you are also growing stronger. Please remember, this is simply my own personal analogy. I have not discussed it with Arieh, but it fits into perspective with his lifestyle, Jewishly. His 8tudents.(ange from religious individuals to dancers to people who feel that Tai Chi is a good way to relax. I asked Arieh where he will go bom here. "I think, first, I would like to have more children. I hope to write a book about Tai Chi in Hebrew. I will giet back into studying Torah, learning more—continue what I am doing. 1 like my life—I have a beautiful wife and daughter."

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therefore is this night distinguished from all other nights? On ail the other nights we may eat either leavened or unlMivened bread, but on this night only unleaveried bread; on all the other nights we may eat any species of herbs, but on this night only bitter herbs; on all other ni^^hts we do not dip even once, but on this night twice; on all the other nights we eat and drink, either sMing or leaning, but on this night we all lean.

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