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Vol. LXV No. 1 Omaha, H»br.
SERVING NEBRASKA AND IOWA SINCE 1920
24 Ekil, 5747 FiMay, 8*pt. 1S, 1M7
forah's new life!
From Omaha to Iceland—with love
Pennie Z. Davis, a tnutee of the Federation'6 Fonndation, presents a Torah to Sbayle Aosthi, who accepts syndwlicaliy for the Jewish popalatioB of Iceland. Her hnsbaiid, Srt. James Aastin, is OB the battle command staff of the Strategic Air Command's Looldng Glass aircraft in the background. Story on Page 4.
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HAPPY NEW YEAR
The theme
Rabbi Sidney Brooks
available to present the material. At this point, we were developing a theme to encompass influences with the hope that individuals would be able to tell an interviewer about those people and events which had a major impact on their lives. We selected free-lance writer Lynda Frank to interview the subjects and then we concentrated on the bearish job of getting the material into our computer in time to meet our publication deadlines. This turned out to be a monumental task because we only have one rental computer and it was necessary to literally work the machine days, nights and wedcends. And were it not for a very special vohinteer, Silvia Roffman, the inputting task would not have been aocompliahed. Mrs. Rof&nan is a past preaidoit of the Jewish PieM and her love for the p^MT keeps her in ckiae touch with onr progress and problemB. If aqy one person deserves major credit for this issue, she gets my vote. So, we're getting down to the wire. The CoDstitutioo stories are in and Mrs. Hoffman is woridng diligently, but one gnawing question persists: What do we do for a cover and how do we connect the Constitution to our theme of influence? Well, someone out there must think kindly of us. Akng ocanes the beautiful stay of Omaha makmg it possible for the Jewish people of Iceland to have a Torafa. Now, the theme is comidete. In this issue, our theme begins with the Torah—the greatest infhience on the Jewish people—and ends with the Constitution—the greatest influence on the people of America. Enjoy I
By Morris Maliae This introduction to our Rosh Hashanah issue is a little different than usual. It's a behind-the-scenes look at the development of our theme. Here's how it all started: Rabbi Sidney Brooks, rabbi emeritus of Temple Israel, came into my office one day and soon we were engaged in a casual con versation—he doing the talking and yours truly doing the Ustening. Although he didn't realize it at the time, Rabbi Brooks was sowing the seeds of the Jewish Press theme for this issue. At the time, he was discussiiig some of the Omahana who had been positive influences in his life. His recollections were so vivid, so personal, so meaningful, that I was captivated by his words, and I felt my blood racing to memorize thoM events for future use. Not too long after, I attended a program sponsored by Chabad Lubavitcher of Mid-America and I heard a man tdl a story. He spoke of a seminar he h«d attended some 26 years ago, and his recoUectioias were so pure, that I could not help but pay close attention to his memories. While all of this was going on, OUver PoUak, vice president of the Jewish Press was busy soliciting articles from area attom^s on the United States Constitution. The original thou^t on the articles was to present them as 8 series in recognition of our country's year-long tribute to the origination of this most important document. When the material started coming in, we decided to hold all of the Constitutimi stories for our New Year's issue with the expectation that we would have more generous space
The Jewish Press In 1920) Suzanne Singer
(FOUIKM
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Omaha Torah awaits new congregational life in Iceland javik," he added. Col. Solomon's letter followed an appeal from an Omaha woman to Foundation board member Pennie Davis. Sheryle Austin, whose husband is a crew member of Looking Glass of the Strat^c Air Command at Offutt Air Base, told Mr. Davis of being stationed in Iceland and of being part of the Jewish community there. She said the Jewish community there consists of refugees from the Holocaust, active duty personnel and others who have come to live in Iceland. "As past president of B'not Or ( Daughters of Light )
By Morris Maline "Today must not be a day of mourning, but one of hope. God has granted us the privilege of knowing this congregation and those who led it. "May God grant us the opportunity to see it perpetuated through the Jewish learning and living of the future ..." With these words, Rabbi Jonathan Rosenbaum, former executive director. Bureau of Jewish Education, closed the Kapulier shul in Omaha almost two years ago. Then came the final procession and the Congregation's Torahs were carried out of the sanctuary and taken to Beth Israel Synagogue for safekeeping. Now it appears that Rabbi Rosenbaum's words have a ring of prophecy. One of the Kapulier Torahs is destined for a long trip with the ultimate goal of providing learning opportunities and living guidance for a small Jewish congregation at the northern end of the Atlantic Ocean. The Torah is earmarked for delivery to Col. Victor M. Solomon, USAFR, in Teaneck, N.J., where it will be rendered kosher and then hand-carried onto an Air Force plane with "appropriate dignity and respect." The plane will carry the Torah Scroll to the new Jewish
"We only have a child's Torah."
Air Force to fly Torah to Iceland
chapel in the Naval chapel facility in Reykajavik, Iceland. There, the Sefer Tor^ of Iceland will be dedicated and serve the military and civilian population in the area. According to Rabbi Solomon, the Torah will be available in the Navy chapel for use throughout the island republic, and ultimately will become part of the civilian community's yet-to-be formed congregation. Through his affiliation with the Air Force, Rabbi Solomon has served as visiting rabbi in many countries, but
Col. Victor M. Solomon in Iceland the only Torah available to the military and civilian Jewish populations was a child's miniature scroll. In a letter to Jerold I. Rosen, endowment director of The Foundation of the Jewish Federation, Col. Solomon said," I found it scandalous that not a single Sefer Torah existed in the NATO-affiliated democratic republic of Iceland ... There is a crying need for a Torah scroll in Reyk-
sisterhood, I felt that the new Chapel was incomplete as far as our sanctuary was concemed.We have an Eternal Light and a beautiful ark, but only a child's Torah." Mrs. Austin told the Jewish Press that securing a Torah for her friends in Iceland was a dream that she had carried with her to Omaha, and that when she heard of Torahs being available here, she wrote to The Foundation to see if one could be made available for the Jewish population of Iceland. Although she had hoped that the Torah would arrive in time for Rosh Hashanah, the repairs to the Scrolls require that the koshering take place in the New York area before transportation should be attempted. Because The Foundation has a fiduciary i-esponsibility in caring for the sacred objects formerly housed in the Kapulier shul, Mr, Davis made a personal contribution to make possible the upcoming transfer, the Jewish Press has learned. Rabbi Solomon said that when the Torah is brought to Iceland, the sacred scroll will be met with full honors including a red carpet and a chupah (marriage canopy). "The arrival of a Torah from Omaha in Iceland will be a major religious event."
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A woman's place is in the world Bv Lvnda Frank ' "A woman's place is in the world," reads a sign in the home of attorney Gertrude Brodkey. The crusader, feminist, mother, wife and attorney is living proof of this adage. The petite woman says that so many things have influenced her life and "so many people have been there for me," they are hard to recall. However, the most influential person in her feminist-style life may have been her mother's youngest sister, Elizabeth. A trailblazer, her aunt was the first woman in Nebraska to buy and sell on the slock market and the grain exchange. "She was a generation or two ahead of her times. She felt women could have a place in society and politics," Mrs. Brodkey said. She said her aunt was an exceptionally strong person and influenced "the way 1 walked and the way I talked and encouraged me that I could accomplish certain things if I wanted to," Mrs. Brodkey said. Mrs. Brodkey has also been a trailblazer. She graduated from high school in three years and was not quite 16 years old when she entered Creighton University. Lucille Kendall, the secretary for the dean at Creighton, also helped influence Mrs. Brodkey's feminist attitudes. "She was efficient, very smart, very supportive of women and made me feel, although there would be barriers ahead, 1 could do something if I really wanted to do it," Mrs. Brodkey recalled. After graduating from college at the age of 19, she worked for a short time in the law office of Eugene Blazer. She then went to University of Omaha Law School, which is now University of Nebraska Law School: There were only two other women in her class. She graduated from law school in 1940 and passed the bar the same year. She was offered
Gert Brodkey... living proof that women can do anything they want. a job with a very large law firm in New York, but "I was very young and my parents didn't want me to go." Mrs. Brodkey stayed in Omaha. Her career was put on hold when she got married and had children. "This was a time when women stayed home to raise their children." she explained. So, she became active in other things and did some probate and wills at home. She was extremely involved in school organizations and
Gertrude Brodkey eventually sat on the school board. Bertha Buckner, principal of Washington School, was an influence during those years, Mrs, Brodkey said, because "she was a strong woman and one of the few female principals at the time." Mrs. Brodkey also became active in programs for gifted students. She combined her interest in students with her law background as one of the people testifying before the Legislature to get a consultant for gifted students in Nebraska. She succeeded. Eventually, she i^tumed to the job market, first doing research part-time, then working with two other attorneys and then for Douglas County working on contracts for city property. She enjoyed her work for the county but wanted to get back into court work. So, she became an attorney for the Legal Aid Society, handling immigration, bankruptcy, family relations and divorces. In the three years she was there, Mrs. Brodkey said she felt good because "there were many instances when I could change peoples' lives. I guess I'm a frustrated social worker. It was veryrewarding." She still has people thank her for her help. In 1974, her husband was appointed to the Nebraska Supreme Court and, after finishing her hundreds of cases.
she joined him in thecapitol city. In Lincob, she went to work as a tax attorney with the Department of Revenue and then as a hearing officer with the department. "I learned that if you have a good education, you can move ahead. And it gave me a lot of feeling that I could do it. It isn't easy to make changes," she said. The attorney stressed that "with a good education, people can move into different fields and should do that if they want to. If I can do it, anybody can!" Mrs. Brodkey said a female psychologist she met through a professional organization, approached Coach Tom Osbome at the University of Nebraska about helping the football players relax before a game; and the woman got the job. "It made me see that women could go into an atmosphere that was 'male' and do their job working with men. One woman working with a whole team of big guys! That was a breakthrough," the attorney said. But it is Mrs. Brodkey, who entered a male-dominated field before it was in vogue, who has been doing all her life what her psychologist friend did for the football team. Without realizing it, Gert Brodkey is now a role model, living proof that women can do anything they want.
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'atricia Newman—dedicated to helping children Editor's note: Patricia Newman is a well-educated, highly visible member of the Omaha Jewish community. Her story about being an abused child, as written by her friend, Jill Kushner Belmont, is being presented in Mrs. Newman's continuing effort to help children. She has a bachelor's degree in elementary education, a master's degree in educational psychology, a second master's in education and learning disabilities, and a doctorate in school psychology. We applaud her courage. By Jill Kushner Belmont Patricia Newman has made children her life. A child psychologist who has worked as a therapist, school psycholo' gist and teacher, she has dedicated herself to making a difference in the lives of abused and neglected children. She understands the positive influence one person can have on . such vulnerable, confused children: as a child, she was a . victim of emotional, physical and sexual abuse. • Born in Urbana, 111., in 1958, Patricia and her family moved around the world to accommodate her father's mili• tary career. Following her parents' divorce when she was seven years old, she moved to a small midwestem town with her mother and brothers, ages six and four. With very tittle money, they were forced to live in a four-room house that had been condemned. The abuse and neglect began with her mother, who was ; emotionally unstable and chemically dependent, Patricia said. After taking a job at a bank, she directed Patricia, then in second grade, to feed and clothe herself and her
I
'If you understand It and Ignore It, nothing changes."
brothers, plus do the grocery shopping and house deaning. "I didn't have a childhood, basically," Patricia said. "My mother never wanted children. She never loved me but wanted me to admire jind respect her and I always did. She said the cruelest things to me. All I ever heard was that I was stupid, I was ugly. She said my dad thought 1 was ugly and worthless and that he didn't love me. That hurt the most because I had always loved my father very much." Under the stress as a single parent with no financial assistance, her mother "couldn't handle the responsibility of children so she left us alone or locked us in the basement. When she would get frustrated she would hit us like she would never stop. As a child, it was a frightening experience, "Patricia said. The lack of love and support, coupled with the many adult responsibilities, left Patricia feeling isolated, confused and lonely, she said. "I didn't have any friends until eighth or ninth grade." Her mother's neglect led to more tragic ends. The lack of supervision "set me up for other types of abuse," Patricia said. From the second grade through the fourth grade she was sexually abused by two teenage male babysitters. She also was a victim of sexual abuse by the boys' grandfather and in later years by several of her mother's boyfriends. To her knowledge, her brothers were never sexually abused. Attempts to tell her parents of the abuse were futile. Her mother's reply was, "Just do what they say". Letters to her father were never answered and Patricia found out later that they had never been mailed. Teachers, neighbors and other members of the community knew of the problems in her household but never took any action, she said. '• "If some agency had just been aware of us ... no one ever reported anything. It was an embarrassing thing, so people never used to report and the kids suffered. "People don't like hearing that a grandfather attempted sexual intercourse with a child. It's not their idea of a nor-
I
"/ wanted my mother to love me no matter what..."
mal family," she said. "What we really have to do as a society is to acknowledge the existence of neglect and abuse and then to act. We have to take the stigma out of it. "If you understand it and ignore it, nothing changes." A licensed psychologist who recently entered private practice, Patricia understands the importance of making ' each child feel special and important. She recalled two junior high school teachers who did so for her and were the first positive influences in her life. They gave her what no one ever had before: a reason to like herself. One teacher placed Patricia's English composition on the overhead projector. "It was the neatest thing that had ever happened to me," she said. "It was the first time anyone ever told me that I did anything well and it meant so much to me." She waa also aaked by the same teacher to make Christmas decorations for the class and remembered that "it was
Patricia Newman in her office. so nice to be singled out." The second teacher gave her the lead in the class play and often encouraged her to get involved with school activities. The two teachers "didn't do anything outrageously spe• cial, but they took time with me and it made all the difference in the world," Patricia said. From then on she participated in various activities and began to make friends, most notably a girl named Robin Spindler, at whose home she spent a great deal of time. Robin's mother was concerned about Patricia and her home life, she said. "I wasn't well-nourished and I was always taking care of the boys. It wasn't normal." She spent more and more time at the Spindler borne and eventually Mrs. Spindler asked her to move in. At first, Patricia said, her mother refused, then later told her to stay with them but to come home every day to clean, care for her brothers and shop. She complied.
"The people who amaze me are the people who say,"Why do you want to be a Jew?" Maybe they take it for granted, all of the responsibilities and privileges, but if you've never had them, they're special. "I can't tell you how fortunate I am to be in this Jewish community," she added. "The reason I am committed to the Jewish community is because I appreciate so much what I have and what it has given me." Through a support system of her therapist, friends, and her husband, Jeff, who is "the most supportive human being I've ever met," Patricia is coming to terms with her sad and tragic childhood. And for her, coming to terms means taking that brave step of "coming out of the closet," talking about her past, and by doing so, possibly helping someone else who is afraid to speak out.
"/ didn't have a childhood, basically."
"Mrs. Spindler made dinner every night. It was really nice," she recalled. "I had a roof over my head and good meals. Just to have a safe place to be was so important. "I was lucky to have those teachers and to have Robin, her mother and her family." After obtaining a work permit at age 14 and working every day after school, Patricia often used her hard-earned money to buy gifts for her mother. "I would buy things she said she had never had as a child," she said. "I wanted my mother to love me no matter what and I thought whatever had happened was my fault. I felt that I must have really failed. If I just tried a little harder, things would change." She lived with the Spindlers throughout high school, and after studying for a year at Drake University in Des Moines, moved to Omaha in 1977 to attend Creighton University with Robin. At that time she began to accept her mother's problems and realized that "if I wanted to change her it would be futile. After I started college, the violence and threats of violence intensified. Nothing was changing and I was increasin^y unhappy." Since then Patricia has severed all ties with her mother and brothers and has only infrequent contact with her father, who she said was never a part of her life after the divorce. Looking to fill a void in her life and having an interest in Judaism, Patricia signed up for several courses at CreightoB taught by Rabbi Myer S. Kripke. "He was so nice. He has always been so kind, so gentle, and he taught me a lot. He wanted to help me find religiously and spiritually who I was. That was just wonderful to aie." Her religious upbringing hod been erratic: her affiliation changed with her mother's boyfriends, she said, and the clergymen she encountered were judgmental, imsupportive, and tried to teach her to believe out of fear. She rejected their philosophies and said she felt that "you have enough pressure in life without the pressure of a G-d who doesn't love you if you don't do certain things." After studying with Rabbi Kripke for two years, Patricia converted to Judaism. "I had to find a place to fit—a spiritual environment where I could feel comfortable. To accept that there is one G-d and he loves you for what you are and he just wants you to do the best you can—that's logical to me," she said.
Mrs. Newman checks supplies on her play shelves. Her decision to speak out is best described by the following excerpt from Ms. Magazine (August 1987), a petition which was signed by 166 nationally-known women and carries a powerfcQ message: "We Are Survivors..." "We, the undersigned, ore among the one in five femaleswho have been sexually abused before we reached the am of 13. On behalf of the millions of women who are survivors of childhood sexual abuse, and on behalf of the millions of children who are suffering this damage and indignity right now, we will no longer be ashamed or silent. • We denand that teadien and health workers, lawmakers and law enforcers, family members and friends—all those who love children and are entrusted with their careencourage past survivors and present victims to speak out to create realistic and compassionate protection for children. We wish to call to account and treat the victimizers, indodhig those within our own families, help the adults now snffering the effects of sexual abuse ond identify and neutralize the root causes of child.sexual abuse. We speak out in the hope of hicreasing knowledge and forcing change. We hope to give dignity and empowerment to th4|«e millions who Uve in the shadows."
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The Holy Day has special significance By Mitchell Warren Rosh HashanaJi is a special holiday for us all, but for me the Holy Day takes on very special significance. Every time I hear the call of the Shofar, my mind leaves the physical confines of thfe sanctuary and drifts deep into memories of past years. I shall never forget the feeling—standing in front of my congregation next to my rabbi and producing the sounds of the Shofar. The three years of serving as Temple Israel's "Baal Tekiah"—master of the blowing—are very special to me. As a little boy in the congregation, I remember quite vividly watching Rex Perimeter and then Beth Seldin creating the ritual calls that mean so very much to our people. A young person blowing the Shofar at Temple Israel is such a wonderful, important tradition and I am proud to be a part of it. Every Rosh Hashanah my mind is at Temple Israel, and I see myself standing next to Rabbi Sidney Brooks. I am • very nervous, shaking. And Rabbi Brooks, I am sure, realizes my fears. He looks to me and asks what are we supposed to be doi;ig up here. I laugh; I am comforted. The call and response that ensues energizes me. I stand next to my rabbi, my teacher, my mentor, and with each word that he calls out, 1 respond with a blast of the Shofar. At the conclusion of my first High Holy Day on the pulpit. Rabbi Brooks and I embraced. He looked at me and asked if I had ever considered the rabbinate. "A nice Jewish boy like me, a rabbi?," I thought. I simply laughed with Rabbi on the pulpit. As the saying goes, if I knew then what I know now. Since that Rosh Hashanah six years ago, many decisions have been made and changed, many thoughts have come and gone, many ideas have been created and altered. And throughout. Rabbi Brooks has played a vitally significant role in my development as an individual. When I returned from Israel five years ago, I carried with me two Shofarot. In addition, I carried with me the idea of becoming a rabbi. Rabbi Brooks and 1 have met many times since my return and discussed m.any things. With great fear and trepidation, I considered running for the presidency of the North American Federation of Temple Youth (NFTY), the youth affiliate of the Reform movement. I discussed the possibility with many people. My parents supported me fully. Yet, my uncertainty persisted. Deep down, I knew that I wanted to run—and knew that I would. But I still arranged a meeting with Rabbi Brooks. The great French philosopher Jean-Paul Sartre wrote that we seek out advice from certain people knowing, "more
Mitchell Warren, left, and his brother, Marc, visit with Rabbi Brooks in his office. or less, just about what advice he was going to give you." This idea was so true in my circumstance. Rabbi Brooks did not really say much. He simply listened to me, to hear what I was thinking, what I was feeling. Of course, I wanted him to advise me to run. But throughout our conversation, he allowed me to advise myself. I now know that this was the best advice he could have given me. That decision had to be mine, and mine alone. And Rabbi Brooks allowed me. to understand that and make the cor-
'Rabbi Brooks aUowed me to understand... " rect decision. At the age of 17,1 had learned a valuable lesson. Not only did I make that decision independently, but I learned from Rabbi Brooks the true role of the advisor or counselor—or rabbi. During my presidency of NFTY, I had the opportunity and privilege to meet with numerous rabbis from throughout the country. When I was introduced as being from Omaha, Nebraska, the rabbis inunediately identified me as "Sidney's kid." While many lay people were surprised to discover that a Jew, let along a president of NFTY, came
from Omaha, the rabbis with whom I met were not surprised in the least. In fact, they seemed to expect quite naturally that Rabbi Brooks should produce a NFTY president. Describing myself as a product of Rabbi Brooks is not far from the truth. Very proudly I identify myself as his student. With thoughts of becoming a rabbi, I watched the many rabbis I met very closely. From each one, 1 identified aspects of his/her rabbinate that 1 would attempt either to emulate or to avoid. Even after working with the major names in the Reform movement, no rabbi has ever taught me as much as Rabbi Brooks. His compassion for people and his passion for Judaism represent to me the qualities of a successful rabbi. As I considered the possibility of becoming a rabbi myself. Rabbi Brooks was my most important role model. Recently, my interest in the rabbinate has waned, and I am considering other options for my future. But the influence of Rabbi Brooks remains very strong. In fact, as I consider other careers, I begin to realize how truly important Rabbi Brook»48 to me. I now realize that Rabbi Brooks was not simply a model for me should I choose to be a rabbi. Actually, Rabbi Brooks provided me with a model for my life regardless of the career I should choose. The love of people and the desire to learn and the enthusiasm to teach are not reserved for the rabbi. They are for us all.^ When I was home last month, I had my usual meeting with Rabbi Brooks. But this meeting was special. After these many years of his teaching me, last month I felt as if we actually shared knowledge. I told him of my reaction to Maus, the comic book about the Holocaust. I shared with him my feelings concerning a recent class I took that explored the theater of the Holocaust. He reacted to me as I so often have reacted to him— with enthusiasm and energy and a sincere appreciation for what I was saying. Most exciting to me was his reaction to my interests. I explained to him the subject of my senior thesis in English literature and drama. He expressed fascination with what I was studying. As he has done so many times in the past. Rabbi Brooks made me feel good about myself and about what I was doing. Most importantly. Rabbi Brooks has supplied me with a model. Not how to be a rabbi, but how to be a "mensch." One cannot go to school to learn the latter; one needs a special teacher. And I am more fortunate than most for I have foiud one in Rabbi Brooks.
Happy New Year
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By Lynda Frank According to Random House Coliege Dictionary, tradition is "the handing down of statements, beliefs, legends, customs, etc., from generation to generation by word of mouth or practice." A college student at the University of Nebraska during the mid '608, Carl Riekes got caught up in what he refers , to as "very wild and turbulent times which," he said, "gave me a perspective I have carried throughout my life." It also altered tradition. Mr. Riekes grew up in a family where he was exposed to business from his early youth but the 60's made him question those traditional values and ideas. While he enjoyed business, he became confused at this point in his life. Although not your typical sandaled, long-haired radical, Mr. Riekes did become anti-war and fmti-establishment, and business was part of the establishment. "It was very confusing," he said, "in that I wasn't sure of what I wanted to do or what I wanted to be. The times were very complicated." The times were also very political. In 1968, Mr. Riekes became active in Robert Kennedy's Nebraska primary campaign. Not only did it disturb him that he and other college volunteers were asked to forget about their work luid studies and devote their time to the campaign but he also saw how the "back room" of a campaign functioned. Whereas Mr. Riekes had become involved for ideological reasons, he found economics took precedence over ideology for the staff. "They were looking at what they would get out of it if Kennedy won and trying to figrure out who they should get close to to do them the most good for jobs after the campaign was over," Mr. Riekes said. When he was asked to help in campaigns in other states, the disillusioned Riekes declined. When he received a lY deferment from the military, a relieved Carl Riekes decided he should live a little. The first thing he did was to leave for South America where his sister and her family lived. While there he taught English and traveled. It was a six-month adventure which exposed him to poverty, hunger, disease and a terrible quality of life. "At that point I learned to appreciate the United States more and looked forward to coming back here," Mr. Riekes said. I It was a more mature young man who returned to the U.S. He realized "in order to make it you needed to train yourself for a profession or a career." Mr. Riekes moved to Arizona and put this into practice by having a variety of jobs, from encyclopedia sales to security work to retail management trainee. During this time he came to realize "how lucky 1 was to have the opportunities available to me and I appreciated getting rein vol ved in the family business," he said. He returned to Omaha for a year to train in the family business then moved to Denver. "I went back into the establishment," he said, "but I real-
"... my own Style and approach to accomplishment." ized you could work within the system to change things you didn't like." He had always wanted to be in a situation where he would be on his own and this gave him the opportunity to function as his own boss, "I needed to have my own style and approach to accomplishing things." When the family-owned business was sold to a large conglomerate, the now thoroughly-involved Riekes stayed. He received a promotion in 1978 and moved to the West Coast where he lived until a few years ago. With a few friends, Mr. Riekes organized a new business and headquartered it back in Omaha. However, unlike the generations before him, Mr. Riekes runs his business with the advantage of having worked with people from all over the country and with the questioning mind he retained from his college days. The traditions learned in youth have gotten a new twist and, possibly, a new style of business has begun. I
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Europe provides new outlook for future ^•^ By Lynda Frank On sabbatical from Princeton University in his junior year, Adam Zweiback traveled to Europe and found a whole new outlook to his future. Mr. Zweiback spent two months traveling throughout Europe. For the first time, he visited I.,ondon, Amsterdam, Paris, Copenhagen, Berlin, Athens'and Stockholm. In addition, he spent three weeks in Israel before returning to Rome for a semester of study. He saw things he had read about and studied and discovered some new subjects of interest, too. He had studied art, music and literature and was very interested in
NJ. The 22-year-old will be teaching American History and Western Civilization at the private school. He is part of a program in New Jersey which hires recent college graduates who have strong academic backgrounds but do not have any education background. The program is designed to lure young men and women who would otherwise go into fields such as banking. Wall Street and advertising to consider teaching. In high school, Mr. Zweiback was close to three history teachers; and he has kept in contact with these Westside instructors. Bill McCormick, Tom Carmen and Bill Nelson. The teachers were stunned when they learned of Mr. Zweiback's plans for teaching. He said they were excited and surprised because they couldn't remember the last time a male from Westside had gone into teaching. "I've had some good role models in teaching. I really respect what they've done with their lives and professions." Although his parents are supportive of his venture into teaching, Mr. Zweiback said his peers are not. He said they are more interested in gaining wealth. Mr. Zweiback said he is dedicated to education and "music, art tmd literature are more important to me than stocks. Europe opened my eyes to something more than to finish Princeton and go out and get a job and start making money and start climbing the corporate ladder. Or to finish Princeton, go to law
Able to study and look at paintings.
them, but in Europe he Was able to study and view paintings he'd previously seen only on slides. Going to Israel and seeing the Western Wall, the only remnant of the Temple which was destroyed in 79 C.E., and then going to Rome and viewing the Arch of Titus which depicts the sacking of Jerusalem, had a profound effect on the student. "Seeing the Jews in Jerusalem praying and mourning the destruction of the Temple and then going to Rome and seeing the triumphal arch proclaiming the victoryi it really started to come together for me," Mr. Zwei-. back said. Studying liberal arts in college, he took a vast variety of courses. When he started college, he put down on his application that he wanted to major in history. He actually majored in political theory. Although he took a few history courses, he said he ended up learning about history, but not in the history department. It seemed to Mr. Zweiback he was just compiling facts and not thinking much on his own! The trip helped show him how to make connections. He has how decided-to further his own education by teaching. He wasn't thinking along those lines before he
Now, to pursue learning and experiences. Adam Zweiback went to Europe. It had never entered his mind to be a teacher. He was leaning more toward professional school, but not graduate school in ah academic sense. "It really changed my view. The world became a lot bigger in some ways and smaller in other ways. I started looking beyond being in college and living in dorms and Omaha. At the same time, it became smaller because things that seemed 80 distant, all of a sudden, J could relate to my own experience," he said. He has been tutoring high school students for college boards and taught math in summer school when he was in high school, as well as having spent time as a camp counselor. Now he will be teaching in a more institutional setting—the Pingry School in Martinsville,
school and then climb the legal ladder," Mr. Zweiback said. He did not have a grand desire to pursue one particular career and the trip made him realize he didn't have to make any decisions right now. He feels he can pursue learning and different experiences, and that is how he perceives his next few years. "If I would have gone directly to graduate school, I think I would have been cheating myself. I think I'd rather teach first and have a better perspective," he said.
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17
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Sapl. 18, 1M7
Jewish Pr**i
'I thought of Lewis Yager as a mentor' ting you down for it. He was always encouraging rather than demeaning." Another aspect of her mentor she respected and has tried to integrate into her own life, was that Dr. Yager "beamed Jewish and all that that meant was very important to him and he integrated it so effortlessly into being a professional. It was never a dichotomy." She said he set an example for many people because he never stopped studying Jewish things. "You can be very eminent in your field, whatever it is, and still have room to keep growing beyond your Bar Mitzvah," Dr. Shukert said, adding, "You don't have to
By Lynda Frank "If I had anybody in my career that I thought of as a real mentor, it was Lewis Yager," said clinical psychologist Aveva Hahn Shukert. Dr. Yager, she said, helped her grow as a person in a different way than her parents. "He helped me learn to be a mensch in a professional sense." Dr. Shukert, who also does counseling at the Saint Joseph Center for Mental Health, met Dr. Yager when she was in college. A psychology major at Brandeis University, she decided to do some volunteer work at Veterans Hospital while she was home one summer. Dr. Yager was the chief psychologist at the hospital. There were all kinds of volunteers, Dr. Shukert said, but "he took a personal interest in me, which is something I'll always be grateful for." She said she had the opportunity to observe Dr. Yager and found he was very exacting and demanding of himself. She said he demanded patients put forth the most effort they could toward getting better, but he did it in a caring way. "It would be easy, if you were such a demanding person, to be verbally on the offensive with them but he was able to combine these two things in a unique way that I would like to be able to do better than I do because it works so very well." Later, after she finished her course work and was working on her dissertation for her Ph.D., she spent a year as an intern at the V.A. with Dr. Yager. That's when she really got to see him with his patients and his staff. He let her
"You don't have to be 13 for the rest of your life."
"He had a lot to give, to pass on to somebody..
Aveva Shukert
follow him around."! think it was real important to him right then to be a teacher. He had a lot to give, to pass on to somebody, and luckily I was the person to be at the right place at the right time to get it." Dr. Yager retired shortly before Dr. Shukert finished her internship. Given the opportunity to follow him around and see all sides of him. Dr. Shukert discovered how much there was one had to know to be a good psychologist. She described her mentor as having a strong sense of personal integrity and exacting standards, which she felt she
needed in her life at the time. "I needcid somebody to teach me what it is to be a professional, to really try your best and, after you thought you'd given your best effort at something, to feel good about the job that you did. This is something he gave me." Dr. Shukert described Lewis Yager as a tremendous scholar. She said one could tell from the way he explained things that he had read everything available about what he was explaining. "He was an expert but he didn't beat you over the head with it," she said. "It was there and he could help you find the sources and he was willing to tolerate the fact you didn't know as much as he did without put-
be 13 for the rest of your life in terms of what you know about being Jewish." She has not been a student for 10 years and although she now has a sense .of her own about her profession, she says she can look back and understand in a more mature way how Dr. Yager dealt with different people. As a student, she said it was always clear that she was the student and he was the teacher, but he never made her feel inferior. The psychologist said she hopes she learned, in dealing with other people, that she can teach them and not make them feel bad about not having known it before. Dr. Shukert would some day like to be in a situation where she has students because she had such a positive experience. She said much research had been done lately on the concept of having a mentor and what it does for a p«w>n's career. "Women have had to pick male role models (mentors) because there haven't been enough women in those positions. Since I am a woman, I would find it personally satisfying to have students, particularly women students, because there weren't that many women around in that situation when I was in schooL" Dr. Shukert may have her chance to follow in the footsteps of her mentor. An intern program for psychology majors may be starting in Omaha soon. Dr. Shukert would like to be involved in working with the students. "I'd love to have people follow me around," she said.
•P
May the sound of the shofar awaken us to the flight of time and summon us to spend our days with purpose, OFFiaRS
BOARD OF DIREaORS Rabbi Stephan Barack Cheryl Cooper Harvey Cooper Rabbi Paul Drazen Robert Eisenberg Bobbie Epstein Carol Farber
Beverly Fellman Mary Fellman Shirley Goldstein Carl Greenberg Don Greenberg
Gloria Kaslow llene Klein Bert Lewis Leonard Lewis Neal (Buzz) Malashock
AGENa PRESIDENTS
Bureau for the Aging — Don Klein Bureau of Jewish Education — Joe Kirshenbaum Community Relations Committee — E. Robert Newman Federation Library — Willis Ann Ross
President First Vice President Vice President Viee President Secretary Past President Rabbi Isaac Nadoff Jeanette Nadoff Murray H.Newman Dennis Paley Margo Riekes
IMort Trochtenbarg Saranne Gitnick Jofl Schneidermdn Bruce Gutnik Suzanne Singer Howard Kaslow Alvin Ross S. Howard Ruback George Schapiro Eli Schupack JudyS'rff Martin P. Wolf Donald Yale
Jewish Community Center — Norman Sheldon Jewish Family Service — Howard Epstein Jewish Press — Suzanne Singer
EXECUTIVE STAFF Steven J. Rod — Executive Vice President Sondro M. Topper — Associate Director
Jerold I. Rosen — Endowntent Director Joonie Jacobson — Public Relations Director David Kampschneider — Controller
Jewish Federation of Omaha
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m. Happy New Year
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Pag* 20
S«pt. 1*, tBS7
50 miles is a big move for Bob Pitlor jKp By Lynda Frank Moving 50 miles can make a big difference. For Bob Pitlor, it meant a major change in attitude and lifestyle. In 1959, Mr. Pitlor moved from Omaha, where he was raised, to Lincoln. The secretary-treasurer for Lincoln Welding said moving away from his parents, who were work and familyoriented, "made me realize there was more to life than just family. People can't go through life and get richness if they don't get involved. The more you get involved, the more you get," Mr. Pitlor said. He considers himself a selfish uerson because "I do things for me, not anyone else.'.' But the things he has done have touched the lives of many people. Mr. Pitlor says he'll be 12 years old forever. As evidence, in 1969 he purchased concession stand equipment—snow cone machine, popcorn machine, soda fountain, soft ice cream machine and a cotton candy machine. Although he bought them for himself, he brings these to school fun nights and community fairs, donating his time and the ingredients. The "selfish" man related he once traveled to a small town where he knew no one and made 500 cotton candies. When his five daughters were involved in United Synagogue Youth (USY), Mr. Pitlor became involved. In 1972, he bought a button machine for the USY kids to use to make picture buttons. Later, he began taking the machine to the pediatric ward of a hospital. Once a week, he would go to make picture buttons of the children and give them to the parents. That experience, he said, "really opened my eyes to how lucky I was and I came home and told my kids." He also began taking the button machine to
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5747 Ann Berman Jane CaroU Magi Chlipala. Jodi Feldman Susan Pishbain Betsy Fredricks Beverly Gorelick Rachel Grunkin.. ...' Vicki Klein Debbie Lashinsky Laura Levitsky Andrea Marcus Anne Miller Weiida L. Miller
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while they were still in the reporter's hand.I The Lincoln YMCA has a big brother/big sister-type program called Y Pals in which Mr. Pitlor has also taken part. Once a week he took eight under-privileged kids on an outing. "It made me feel fortunate," Mr. Pitlor said of his Y Pals experience. "1 don't have the worldly possessions of some but 1 have a good job and was able to educate five daughters." Mr. Pitlor is no longer a Y Pal, but he still works on special projects for them, such as cooking for picnics. Other activities in which Mr. Pitlor has been active include the American Foreign Service program for foreign exchange students, the Jewish Federation, his synagogue, playing Santa Claus, the Shrine Bowl and being a "hospital dad" to two crippled children. Mr. Pitlor thinks the lack of time and money when his . m'' ••* j ^ULI \ own children were young could also be influencing the spe«..:wJMi cial attention he now pays to children. "Maybe I'm doing now what I couldn't do for my kids when they were small." Mr. and Mrs. Bob Pitlor. Mr. Pitlor wears his "Buttons" He tries to discuss the satisfaction he receives from the costume. way a child's face lights up when he makes cotton candy, Christmas parties and to events for the mentally retarded. a picture button or a balloon animal and the look of exciteAnother activity in which he is still involved is clown- mient and surprise when he performs a magic trick, but he ing. He belongs to two Clown Alley groups and this year can find no words to describe it. He has a feeling inside that is director of the Shrine Clowns. As "Buttons" the clown, can only be experienced. "I want something out of life," Mr. Pitlor explains. "I Mr. Pitlor said he goes from being shy to outgoing and, of course, his outfit features the picture buttons of some didn't give anything to the Omaha community and the of his "friends." To add to his clowning, he also became Omaha community gave nothing to me." He said that when a professional magician and belongs to magic clubs in he left Omaha, no one even realized he'd moved. In LinOmaha and Lincoln. (He performed a close-up sleight-of- c(^, Mr. Pitlor and the community are having a mutually hand trick for this reporter who is still trying to figure out beneficial exchange which was not part of his Omaha how he changed two one-dollar bills into a five-dollar bill experience.
Dr. Kurt Rohren Dr. Hal Levy Stephen R. Harris William Eichen Louis Levin Thomas Levine Ronald Liggett Michael Sapinsley Mark Sanford Stuart Winograd .Jonathan Duitch Richard Konz Brian Glasberg Robert L. Cassman
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^ *j
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I \
Marriages
1986-87
Lisa Ann Monasee Wayne Lance Auer Carol Nachman . Peter Wolfson Marcy Noodell Corey Kirshenbaum Nancy Lynn Novak Lee Brian Scott Roxanne Pappenheimer Mark Horenstein Dr. Janice Peterson Dr. Harris A. Frankel Lori Pitlor , Dr. Marlon Weiss Sharon Remer" Claude Bisang Joyce Rosen Bill Ashley Dr. Louise Ruberman ...'.... Arie Bucheister Sue Rubin Dr. Bruce Marsh Susie Sadofsky Jeffrey Cooper . Rhonda Saferstein Jeffrey Hansen Juanita Lynn Scholtes Allen D. Davidson
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Pag* 22
i
Jewish Pr*M
S«pl. ia, 1987
The Other people of the 'Book'" By Art Grosstnwi
Those who study Lh(» history of Jewish p(K)ple for the most part understand why reference is made to our being called "people of the' Hook' '"the admirable Danes of Denmark. For technical accuracy they should, in reality, be termed "People of the 'Books' ' , for there are in the Royal Library in their I nation's capital. Copenhagen, a collection of approximately 70.000 volumes of Hebraica and Judaica. The library was founded by Denmark's first absolute monarch, Frederik III (16091670). The books are in Hebrew. Yiddish and in other lanffuages covering a wide range of subjiits as well as information regarding the .State of Israel. •Recently my wife, Anne, our son, Lawrence, and I were afforded the memora ble experience of a private tour through the .lewish Department of the library. Our com petent guides were Vitali Berenstein. a , member of the library staff, and Salomon Moyal. from Morocco, a .ludaic scholar and special consultant to the library, who was engaged in cataloging the collection. The collection includes more than 50 incunabala |i. e., books printed before the year 1.501), about 300 postincunabala (printed during the 16th century), books from the 17th century and on to recent times. Also in the repositpry are a number of rare manuscripts protected and locked under glass. The fact that Danes are so keenly interested in Jewish literature is all the more remarkable when one considers Jews were not permitted to settle in Denmark until the 1670's. At the end of the 17th century, somewhere between 100 and 200 Jews constituted the total number residing in the country, including 12 families in Copenhagen. » In the 17th century, in their pursuit of knowledge, Danes studied Hebrew language and literature as enthusiastically as they did Greek and Latin. Hebrew books began being acquired during journeys to other lands and brought to Denmark by Danish
Art Grossman examines an ancient Hebraic volume. travellers and scholars. By the year 1800, the Hebraica and Judaica collection comprised several thousand volumes. In the 1850's, Simon Aron Eibeschutz, a Danish Jewish businessman, donated a fund to the University of Copenhagen's librai-y for the acquisition of Hebraica and Judaica. In 1928, the Eibeschutz Collection was transferred to the Royal Library. In 1932. the Royal Library was the recipient of aa immense collection belonging to Rabbi David Simonsen who served as Chief Rabbi of Denmark from 1892-1902. Among the 40,000 books, 25,000 were Hebraica and Judaica. Fortunately, the Jewish collection was not confiscated by the Nazis during their occupation. After the war, some 1,000
volumes were donated to the Royal Library which belonged to Dr. Moses Friediger, Chief Rabbi of Denmark, who died in 1947. The Royal Library continually receives donations of books from all over the world. Among volumes and manuscripts are bibles, prayer books, religious, philosophical and legislative works by scholars such as Moses Maimonides, Jacob ben Asher, David ben Joseph Kimhi, Joseph Solomon Oelmedigo. Several of the manuscripts are written on sheepskin parchment, on calfskin vellum, cowhide and goatskin. There are works of dazzliiig beauty. In their intricate works scribes often fprmed geometrical or floral designs surrounding a page of conventional script. The first book known to be printed by Johann Gutenberg, in Germany, the stron-
^ gest claimant to the honor of the invention of printing, dates from 1445. The first Hebrew book was printed in 1469, in Italy, as Jews were forbidden to learn the printing trade in Germany. The guilds did not admit apprentices who were not Christians. Several of the incunabula on display in the Royal Library were printed in Italy and Portugal. Some are dated beginning with 1475. Their technical perfection pnd ornamentation heighten one's senses of harmony and form. And instill a deep appreciation of the craftsmanship of the times. In many ways the Danish collection reveals that the printing of Hebrew books symbolizes a saga of how Jews were accepted by European nations following the Middle Ages. Hebrew printing in Spain and Portugal, for example, was interrupted by the expulsion of Jews from Spain in 1492 and from Portugal in 1496-97. Turkey, conversely, opened its doors, thus the intellectual activity of Jews was transferred to Constantinople and Salonika. In 1553, Pope Julius III condemned the Talmud and its literature and decreed it to be burned. He eased the restriction the following year permitting printing of Hebrew books but only under the strictest censorship. Denmark's population is estimated at 5.1 million including approximately 8,000 Jews, most of whom live in Copenhagen. It stands to reason a country having a literacy level of 99 percent would include in its collection of books the Hebraica and Judaica maintained in its Royal Library. The first synagogue irt Denmark was opened in 1684. In 1814, the Danish government granted all Jews in the country unrestricted rights of citizenship. During the Nazi occupation, Danes involved in the resistance risked their lives smuggling Jews into neutral Sweden. Throughout the occupation, King Frederik IX boldly wore a yellow Mogen David on his tunic as was required by the Jewish population under Nazi rule. Denmark is special. When considering ; visiting Europe this gracious and friendly country deserves high ranking on one's list. ,
I
^'a/kS/'4 . MAY YOU AND YOUR FAMILY BE BLESSED VyiTH A HAPPY, HEALTHY YEAR.
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Pag« 24 f
Jcwtsii Pr»M
S*pl. 18. 1M7
Everyone influences someone
P
By Art Grossman shtetl. The majority of customers coming into the store It was one of those furnace-like, sweltering days this past were Jewish immigrants originating from various sectors July. A Sunday. of East Europe. I was in the lobby of the "J" catching up on some readIntently listening to them as they shopped, speaking Yiding while awaiting my two granddaughters who had sen- dish (yet occasionally struggling to communicate in Engsibly gone in for a refreshing swim. lish}, even as a child, I was influenced by their courage and Looking up, I observed the editor of the Jewish Press fortitude. approaching from his office to where I was seated. We exThe stories they r«coimted about the diabolical pogroms changed greetings and chatted a bit. Then he persuasively in the "old" country and of their struggles to emigrate to asked, "Will you help? I would appreciate it if you would America—the goldene medina—seeking justice, to be free contribute an article for our Rosh Hashanah issue. The and to be able to provide educations and opportunities for theme this year relates to people who in some manner have a more abundant life for their children remain forever eninfluenced your life—preferably those outside of your fam- graved in my memory. ily." How can you refuse Morris Maline? Like moat Jewish youngsters, my education was temHowever, omitting family as a source of influence dur- pered by both secular and spiritual influences. ing one's life is like not having a challah adorning the ShabI recall teachers in Omaha's public schools who were inbat festive table. Nevertheless, that was the assignment. fluential in preparing me for the ultimate workaday world. Later, as my thoughts dwelt on the subject matter, the But after public school, it was off to the Talmud Torah, cobwebs in my mind suddenly lifted and I recalled a quo- located in those early days at 21st and Burt Streets. tation by Henry Ward Beecher, brother of Harriet Beecher My melamudim Iteachers) at the Talmud ToraKand then Stowe. private tutelage in the home of Rabbi Harry Zisslin, a rightBeecher wrote; "The humblest individual exerts some in- eous man of vast knowledge, had a profound influence on fluence, either for good or evil, upon others." my upbringing. What a profound observation. Rarely has a day gone by This was the fountainhead of Jewish learning to remain but what someone, somewhere, has had an affect on my life. in ray stream of consciousness throughout my Ufe. From childhood to senior status, the influence may have The rabbis who provided spiritual guidance—Rabbi been agony or ecstasy, but so many have conveyed an im- Henry Grodinsky at the Kapulier Shul where I became a pression of some kind on me. Bar Mitzvah, and Beth El rabbis over the span of yearsBackward, backward, time in thy flight. Memories be- David Goldstein, Myer S. Kripke, Kenneth Brombergand gan drifting back in my meditative mind. Paul Drazen—all have influenced my life. Every Dvar To. I am seven or eight years of age and already toiling in rah each has delivered has assisted me in formulating inmy parents' grocery store and kosher meat market on nermost feelings about Judaism and the ethics it stands for. North 24th Street—street of memories. In the world of business, whether I was self-employed Here was my introduction to mamaloshen—Yiddish. or performing duties for others, my associates were con: North 24th Street was a reincarnation, in a sense, of a stant soiu-ees of influence in my life. Something rubbed off
from each contact. And now, in my so-called retirement years, having become enmeshed in various areas of volunt«eriBm, I am deeply impressed and influenced by the formidable efforts of so many who give of their time and substance so graciously. Yes, Henry Ward Beecher was a keen observer of mankind and the passing scene of his time. His common-sense principle still holds true: Everyone influences someone.
Siyum ha Torah Rabbi Ian Jacknis conducts the concluding ceremony marking completion of Torah writing at Tifereth Israel Synagogue in Lincoln Sunday.
Best Wishes to you and your family for a Healthy and Happy New Year from your Jewish Community Center. Administrative & Program Staff Jeffrey Aizenberg Executive Director Gary Bernstein Ass't. Executive Director Chuck Arnold Heaith & P.E. Supervisor Marlen Frost Group Services Supervisor
/
Kim Carrico Youth Director
Helen Rifkin Adult/Cultural Arts Associate Liz Roth Health Services Director Tom Law Physical Education Associate Phyllis Wasserman Child Care Coordinator Mike Collier
Sara Jaffe Cultural Arts Director Cheryl Kapell Dance,Director Carol Kaplan BBYO Director Evelyn Katz Visual Arts Associate
L
l^^i^S^.^l'-.:tr:zt^l^ •
Campus Manager
Dory Gerber Executive Secretart; Barbara Moiling Bookkeeper Lois Wine Membership Registrar
Officers Norman Sheldon JCC President
Jody Malashock JCC Vice President
Marvin Polikov JCC President Elect
Stephen Skid JCC Vice President
Margie Gutnik JCC Vice President
llene Klein JCC Past President
Board of Directors DebbI Brown Bae Epstein Sharon Epstein Willis Epstein Gerald Feienstein Arlene Goodman Elly Gordman Carol Katzman Kevee Kirshenbaum Harvey Lipsman Sharee Newman Patty Nogg
Donna Olesh Steven Pitlor Margo Riekes Caryn Rifkin Phyllis Roffman Silvia Roffman Steve Saylan Jim Shneider Susie SUverman Is Tretiak Mark Trustin Speedy Zweiback
Past Presidents Charles Monasee Norman Batt Jane Biooks Allan Noddle
Jay R. Lerner Saranne Gitnick llene Klein
5747
Births
1986-87
SONS Drs. Bob and Stacie Bleicher Dr. and Mrs. Jon Bleicher Mr. and Mrs. Brent Bloom Mr. and Mrs. Glenn Fineman Mr. and Mrs. Bruce Goldstein Mr. and Mrs. Gary Green Mr. and Mrs. Alex Grossman Mr. and Mrs. Cliff Hora Mr. and Mrs. Todd Manvitz Mr. and Mrs. Joel Melnick Mr. and Mrs. Bruce Meyers Dr. and Mrs. Jeffrey Passer Mr. and Mrs. David Ruback Mr. and Mrs. Jeffrey Skog Dr. and Mrs. Jeffrey Solomon Mr. and Mrs. Mark Sweet Mr. and Mrs. John Waldbaum Mp. and Mrs. Steve Wolkenstein DAUGHTERS Mr. and Mrs. Steve Albert Mr. and Mrs. James Bresel Mr. and Mrs. Scott Friedman Mr. and Mrs. Mark Firestone Mr. and Mrs. Richeurd Heidel Mr. and Mrs. Robert M. Kahn Dr. and Mrs. AUen Knrland Dr. and Mrs. Michael Levine Mr. and Mrs. Marvin Linsky Mr. and Mrs. Rick Rein Dr. and Mrs. Stephen Rennard Mr. and Mrs. Steve Saylan Dr. and Mrs. Craig Shapiro Mr. and Mrs. Jeff Smedlund
n-
S«pl. 1«, 1M7
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PagcM
Jewish Prau
S«pt. U, 1M7
s^^-^S^S^^""
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What is a Newspaper? A newspaper is many things to many people. To some it is a reality, a living'record of each passing day of history. To others it is escape, a refuge of entertainment and relaxation after the day's chores. To parents, it is suggestions for raising children. To the teacher, a homework assignment on current events. To children, a notebook item.
"I can do that n could be her theme By LyaaaFnok The musical, "A Chorus Line," contains t song that says "I can do that." This could also bie the theme for the Nancy Pearlman story. Mrs. Pearlman has an attitude that if she sees something creative, she tries it. For the most part, this has centered on music and art. "Obviously, there have been things I was able to do that I never thought I could because I had never tried," she said. ^ecause of her husband's job, she has lived in seven states. "Traveling expanded my creative interests," she said. San Antonio was one place they lived where she didn't know anyone and "was really very bored." So, to alleviate her boredom, she began taking art leestms. "Through that, I had the best time and wound up being very successful," she said, noting that she sold paintings to her dentist, her pediatrician, and others in the community. "I always wanted to paint but I didn't think I could do it. I think it manifested itself after my first child was bom as an escape from diapers and formula," Mrs. Pearlman said. Over the years it was an on and off hobby until she started selling her paintings. Since coming to Omaha seven years ago, she said she has not had as much time 88 she would like to paint. However, another of her creative outlets has been expanded here. Growing up in Grand Rapids, Mich., Mrs. Pearlman, like most young people of that time, spent a great deal of time at the movies. Although her home was filled with music (her uncle was a cantor and her mother sang at parties), it was viewing the musicals of the era that' led to a love for music. "Although no one p«w>n influenced me," she said, "my piano teacher, who lived next door, would listen while I practiced." When her husband was in the service, they were stationed at Fort Sill, Okla. It was a loiiely place for her until, as a birthday present, he rented a piano for her. "I spent hours playing by myself. It helped to
Nancy Pearlman pass the time," she said. More recently, Mrs. Pearlman, who does some accompanying, was asked to be accompanist for a Mother's Day program and to choose some appropriate songs. "I couldn't think of anything decent 901 wrote one." At first she wasn't going to show the song to the singer but she did. The singer loved it and so did the audience. That was the beginning of a new outlet for Mrs. Pearlman. "1 thought if there's one song, there's more," she said. Since then, she has wrlk ten the music and lyrics to about seven OT eight love-themed songs based oo the kind of music from 30 years ago. "I will sit at the piano for hours when no one ia around," she said, adding, she has done nothing with the songs but share them with friends. Mrs. Pearbnan said she writes- music, plays piano and paints more for selfsatisfiiction than fm recognition. When you move around, these are interests you can take with you. "I would never become bored. If I was all alone for two months I would find things to do, creative outle€s that are self-satisfying," sbe.said.
The Shofar sounds. , Lct'I'Shonalbva" f V ring far and near
To the lonely diner, a'companion around the supper table. To theater and sports lovers, news of who is playing, when, where, and in what. To the actors and athletes, scrapbook material. To an unknown, it brings fame. To the wellknown, further fame. To the seller; it means quick response. To the buyer, many selections. To some it brings good news, to others it brings bad. To friends and neighbors, it tells about job promotions, school graduations, who got married, who was born, who died. To the voter, it is guidance. To the politician, a channel to the voter. To the front stoop sitters, it describes life beyond the horizon. To all Americans, it means uncensored news and opinions — the freedom to know and to understand the world. ' What else costs so little, is so useful and adds so much to our lives?
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Stereotypes interfere with perception of others By Lynda Frank Stereotypes often get in the way of how we perceive others. For Fran Rod, director of a child care center in Omaha, stereotyping had an impact on the way she viewed herself and her career choice. In her senior year of high school in New York, Mrs. Rod took an honors English class entitled, "Film and Theater." The course teacher, Helena Berman, read plays aloud to the class. ''She was so full of a love of the art, of the theater," Mrs. Rod said. "She had big beautiful black eyes, and when she read to us, her eyes would fill up with tears because she so loved what she was reading." Miss Berman often took the class on excursions to offBroadway and off-off-Broadway plays and to art fihns. Through Miss Berman, Mrs. Rod explained, she was introduced to playwrights like Pirandello and lonesco, "The course really developed a lifetime love of plays and going to the theater. The magic of the words coming alive were definitely her (Miss Barman's) influence on me," Mrs. Rod said. Today, when she goes home to New York, the trip must include a visit to the theater. Mrs. Rod, who has a bachelor's degree in special education and a master's degree in early childhood education, found conflicts in her life when she began her career. First of all, Mrs. Rod had a stereotype that "people who work with young children were one dimensional," she said.' When she went to work at a special pre-school in Minneapolis as head teacher, the director, Kitty Hartnett,
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changed her views. "Kitty Hartnett was an extremely bright, diversified and interesting woman. She made me feel it was okay to do this work and have a lot of other interests in your life," Mrs. Rod said. During her schooling, she had a view of children as vessels to be filled with knowledge and taught by a teacher. From working with Kitty, she learned to view children in a. different wfty, which has since influenced her career. Kitty Hartnett "showed me and taught me that we have as much to learn from children as we have to teach to them. She taught me the dignity of evety child, the specialness and' miiqueness of every child. She put me on a different path which really changed the reasons why I love doing this work. It's not to teach (children), necessarily, as much as learning from them and interacting with them," Mrs. Rod explained. Today, Mrs. Rod is practicing her new philosophy at the Center for Learning in Omaha. She has also found she can expand her outside interests beyond her love of theater and the arts. She said Shirley Goldstein and Mary Fellman have been role models for h^ in Omaha, influencing her as a Jewish woman. "These two have more impact on younger Jewish women, like myself, than they realize," Mrs. Ited said. She continued, "Mary taught me that one person can make a difference. If you have a vision, you can really change things." Mrs. Rod said that Mrs. Fellman's personal
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interest in her family has also amazed her; that with all her hundreds of friends, Mrs. Fellman always has time to ask about her job and her children. "Shirley Goldstein really sparked my interest in the pUght of Soviet Jews. While I can never aspire to have the national impact on the hiunan rights movement she has had, she encourages me to do the little I do," said Mrs. Rod, who is co-chairman for the Bar/Bat Mitzvah Twinning Program for Omaha and Lincoln. ,, Her pre-concelved ideas,broadened, Mrs, Rod is now enjoying her work with children, her love of the arts, and her vfllimbwr wnrk for ^.hl^ .TfiwiHh mmtj^nr^Hy^
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Jvwisti Prass
Sapl. IS, 1»87
"Main emphasis in peoples' lives was Judaism." By Lynda Prank Raised in the Hasidic conununity of Crown Heights in Brooklyn, Ralibi Mendel Katzman was brought up in almost an isolated environment. "It was more isolated than I thought it was when I was in the system, but it is less isolated than other people view it," the rabbi said. Although the community had a complete secular school system, the main emphasis in peoples' lives was Judaism. "Living there, fairly closed in, with our friends and our people, all of us lived, spoke (all brought up with three languages in school—English, Hebrew and Yiddish) and thought the same way. Our great upbringing was very lively, a very happy type of life. We just enjoyed being Jewish. We enjoyed the holidays, we enjoyed studies. We really ; preferred our Hebrew studies to secular studies because 'it was part of the joy of our life." Rabbi Katzman grew up in an area where a Lubavitch ; rebbe resided, A minimum of twice a month, the whole community got together for a "farbraingen," a gathering. At these meetings, the rebbe would talk to them about the current Torah portion, current issues relating to Jewish holidays, and the practice of Judaism. Most of all. Rabbi Kat2man said, the rebbe enlightened the children and adults on the concepts and principles of Jewish law in general, with emphasis on "ahavat yisroel," loving and caring for your
Caring for your neighbor had a great impact on decisions.
Rabbi Mendel Katzman
i neighbor. The rabbi said, "This was one of the things that fchad a great impact on decisions 1 made as far as my profession." I When he was in his teens, there was a big movement by ; various cults and groups which were successfully attract[ing Jewish children and students who were "searching," I the rabbi explained. The rebbe called it an emergency and [said it was time to save these children—to show them their [own heritage. The idea was to offer them their own faith, j which would prevent them from looking elsewhere. I That is when the "mitzvah tanks" began, the rabbi ^explained, adding, "It was called a tank because it was a •sort of wartime. We had to defend, to fight assimilation. ilt started with people from teenagers to businessmen who [would give several hours a week." They produced litera-
ture for the students and adults with information on the different'mitzvot and holiday information. They had tefillin for men who hadn't had the opportunity to put them on and Shabbat candlesticks for the women and girls. The event that affected him most occurred when he was doing Yeshiva studies in Morristown, New Jersey. Friday afternoons, the "mitzvah tank" would venture into New York City. One day, a young girl flagged them down. Rabbi Katzman got out of the vehicle and approached her. The girl sat on the curb, took off her shoe and brought out two quarters to buy a candlestick. "It seemed to me," the rabbi said, "as if it was the girl's last fifty cents, so I offered to give her the candlesticks." The young girl told Rabbi Katzman that her mother wouldn't give her the money to buy the candlestick, so she had saved to buy it herself, "rhe rabbi said he couldn't give it to her without permission from her mother. .Teary, the girl said her mother didn't light Shabbat candles and wouldn't let her. The rabbi then said he
would give the candlestick as a gift, but she could light it only if her mother gave her pomission to do so. A few weeks later. Rabbi Katzman received a call at the Yeshiva from the girl's mother. She wanted to meet with him. On Sunday, the whole family arrived and the mother gave the following explanation..She could see her daughter was excited about something but was too afraid to tell her about the candlestick or to ask to light it the first week. The next Friday, the young girl got up her courage and asked. The mother told her they were not religious and did not observe the Shabbat. After some pleading, the girl's mother relented and said the child could light the candlestick in her room. Later that evening as she walked by her daughter's room, the candle was burning, but the child lay on her bed with a sad expression. Upon questioning, the mother found her daughter upset that she wasn't allowed to light the candlestick in the living room with pride. The following Shabbat when she asked her mother for permission, her mother said she had a surprise. She then took out two candlesticks she had purchased and told the child they were going to light the candles together in the dining room. The child was elated. Her mother then decided they should also have Shabbat services. When the husband came home and saw the Shabbat table, he changed his mind about turning on the television set and decided to observe the Shabbat. The mother had come to thank the rabbi and to say that his small gesture had made them a closer family. This event. Rabbi Katzman said, taught him that "just mak-
H^aldng yourself available for teaching can make a difference. ing yourself accessible and making our service available for teaching can make a difference." After several years practicing this philosophy in South America and New York, Rabbi Katzman and his wife Shani came to Omaha last fall and opened Chabad House. "We are here to see what we can accomplish with our small operation and to show how Judaism can be fun," the rabbi said. They have brought speakers, had a Purim party, organized a river cruise and staged a a menorah lighting at a shopping center.
TEKIAH SHEVARIM TERUAH TEKIAH GEDOLAH Hear Now the Shofar — Happy is the People Who Knows the Joyful Sound.
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34
Jawlsh Pr*u
Sept. IS, 1987
For wh^mrthe Shofar sounds By Rabbi William Berkowitz lOlpTrifkl IM7. Je>Ul T^hgrapUc Afmcj. lac.)
It ia the particular genius of each Jewish holiday and holy day that a unique symbol signifies its meaning and message. One need only think of Chanukah with its menorah, Passover with its matzoh, Purim with its megillah and grogger, Sukkot with its sukkah, Simchat Torah with its dancing and Shavuot with the Torah. Rosh Hashanah and Yom Kippur are best symbolized by the shofar. Throughout these festivals, the shofar's raw, sharp and shrill blasts remind us of the meaning and message of the Days of Awe. The great sage Maimonides put it best when he said that the shofar is meant to "awaken us from our slumber, especially those who forget the truth amidst the illusions of the times." As American Jewry welcomes the year 6748, for
whom does its collective shofar sound? What truths must we be reminded of, and awakened to, especially as we look back over the year past? A brief review of the year's events and trends clearly sets forth an agenda for action — and for shofar-sounding. The religious wars of the Jews: We have been witness to increased divisions and divisiveness between Jewsbattles between those who believe and those who don't believe, as well as between those who beUeve and those who believe differently. Be it in Israel or the Diaspora, this "war of the Jews" can only sap our strength and destroy our unity while it denies our pluralism. "Tekiah!" We have to stop the name-calling, the stone-throwing, and sit down and talk. The American Jewish Heritage Committee held this past year a national dialogue with leaders of American Jewry of differ-
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ent denominations to explore differences. Something like that should take place—in public—in every Jewish community. Anti-Semitism and Holocaust memories: Even as the distance between our generation and the Holocaust grows each year, the Holocaust's memory and presence remain. In this one year we have witnessed the trials of Barbie and Demjanjuk; the deportation of Karl Linnas and his subsequent death; the death of Rudolf Hess; and I'affaire Waldheim. Each day seemingly brings forth a new book on the Holocaust or a shattering film such as "Shoah." Clearly the Holocaust still weighs heavily on us, even as the disturbing presence of anti-Semitism—in Japan, Austria and Arab countries or among extremist groups in the United States—lives after Auschwitz. The Holocaust we must not forget; because of anti-Semitism we must remain ever-vigilant.
Like a clipper ship By Issachar Miron tCa|9i%kt iaR7. J>>M Takanrkk Hgma, Imci
If you dare to imagine Rosh Hashanah as the voyage of the perplexed, take heart, brace up, and sail boldly if need be, against the wind, against the current, with no personal responsibility abatement, across the what-we-did-last-year floating expanses of self-examination, unlimited remembrance, and human equality, sounding the Shofar,t actically navigated by the Old Salt, the Shipmaster-in-Chief, blessed be He, and blessed be His name. If we're willing to repent, as calculated by a celestial purser, our earned merits, reduced by our irredeemable misdeeds, will come to anchor, like a shore-bound clipper ship windswept on the dry land of security, reconciliation, and good tidings, bringing in safety all of us landlubbers, the rich, the poor, the achievers, the ne'er-do-wells, the faithful, the unbelievers, the righteous, and the sinners, to the heirborside of the New Year. Welcome then, aboard the square-rigger embarking under the heavenly flag of the Cruise Host, Father of Compassion, for another strenuous year-long seafaring adventure on the sea of life, entrusting us with the responsibility of battening down the hatches, of trimming the main topmast and keying watch, of r^ladng the rotting planks, of dapping on the ratlines, and scraping the keel of ensnaring weeds, battling bo^ external and internal leviathans along every nautical stretch of the way, inching toward the crystalline pools of a better life, and our prayed-for redemption. Hiqipy Rosh Hashanahl
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Jawlsh Pre»8
In memoriam 5747 Oscar L. Diamond Lewis Ellis Milton Engman Rubin Epstein Morris Fellman Sophie Ferer Frank Fishberg Sarah "Kitty" Frank Edith Goldstein Freed Eva Fried Arthur Gerber PhU GereUck Yale Ginsburg Robert Goldstein Bluma Greenberg Eleanore Greenberg Albert J. Harding Max Harris Julius Homstein
Samuel Adler Jack Alberts Sam Barack Rebecca Beber Rachel Beeson Theresa G. Berman Frances B. Bernstein Helen Bernstein Sarah Bernstein William D. Bernstein Janet Blank Joseph R. Bolker Lucille Bonner Edward D. Brodkey Leah Brookstein Evelyn Burstein Harry Cohen Bennett Cohn Nate Cooper
1986-87 Dorene Lemer William Lemer Yolanda Marie Lemer Minnie Levey Sue Dvorkin Levy Brian Liberman. Jeanette Lintzman Joseph Lintzman Jerry Maltz Ben Maurer Fem Mendelson Irving J. Merriam Timothy Meyer EUa Milder Tom Morehead Edward Morris Nathan L. Nogg Ida Ontman Rose Oruch Steven Polikov
Dr. Joseph Horwich Florence Hurwitr Morris E. Jacobs Irving Janger William Joseph Mary Kaiman Max Kaiman Maurine Karp Joseph Katz David Katzman Rita Katzman Esther Klausner Jacob Kooperman Edith Krantz Millard Krasne Max Krizelman Louis Langer Bertha Lashinsky Benjamin Leaf
Paul Sperling Phillip L. Spizman Monica Spungen Milton Soskin Morrey Sostrin Goldie Staenberg Dr. Julius B. Steinberg Morris Sterenberg Sam Stem Jemiie E. Stillman Lillian Stoms Allan Swartz Gersen Labe Wallace Sylvia Wasserman Joseph Weinberg Robert Weinberg Louis Weiner Vivian Weiss Pearl Wohlner Dr. J. Lewis Yager Senator Edward Zorinsky
Sam Poska Mandel Poster Samuel Rice Rose Richards Sylvia Rosen Maxwell Rosenblatt Eve Roth James Rothenberg Harry Rubenstein Irvin Rubinow Fannie Ruderman John Sadofsky Ted Sanford Herbert Seidel Abe L. Shafton Idell Shapiro Beulah Sbrago Harris Sirinsky Dr. Ben Slutzky Dave Smith
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It, 1M7
'Bigoted children will become bigoted adults' By Yitzak SantiB, director, ADL-CRC A study conducted by the Anti-Defamation Lea^e of B'nai B'rith and tli^ University of California at Berkeley between 1964 and 1975, showed that by the age of 12 most children are aware of at least some of the stereotypes of every religious, ethnic and racial group in our society. That is, children in sixth grade already hold prejudices; and unless these biases are somehow eradicated, narrow-minded bigoted children will become narrow-minded bigoted adults. Recently, while shopping at a local mall, I saw a cleancut, freckled-faced young boy about 11 or 12 years old wearing a tan-colored tee shirt with a swastika and the name of Adolph Hitler emblazoned on it. This kid was blonde with a neat, short hair cut and a neat part on the side of his neatly combed hair. The perfect image of the Hitler Youth. The "Hey, look at my tee shirt and see what I believe" culture has been with ua since the late 1960's, when it became fashionable to wear "make love not war" across your chest. Since then, everything imaginable has been promoted on the breasts and chests of our citizenry and Americans have willingly acquiesced in becoming walking billboards for political causes, nihilistic know-nothing slogans and corporate trademarks. Ours is a culture of the present with an emphasis on for-
getting the past and trying not to be reminded about the future. Most youngsters today view Vietnam as the distant past and see that period through the distorted pophistory not relevant to today's fads. Add to this collective amnesia the active movement to consciously send the Holocaust down the memory hole (while this anti-semitic propaganda has not taken hold in the popular mind, nevertbeleiss more people are willing to acc^t the "revi-
'Hey, look at my T-shirt and see what I believe."
sioniat's" thesis than, say, ten years ago, and even more people are saying they are "tired" of hearing about the Holocaust), then mix in another element, our society's obsession with violence as expressed in the glorification of the wholesale destruction of human beings splattered across our TV and movie screens which is watched with a seem-
ingly crypto-fascist fascination by our youth; and a potentially volatile mixture is created. Consequently, we shouldn't be surprised (ango-ed, threatened, motivated, yes, but not surprised) by this kid's admiration of Hitler. Certainly he has been encouraged by his no-doubt racist parents, but our society as a whole obviously hasn't done enough to guide this misdirected lad and others like him who have learned bigotry's message. What can our society do? We already have existing institutions—the public and private schools—whose primary purpose is to prepare children to become functioning, contributing citizens. Education is the only tod which can defuse bigotry in children; after all, no one is bom a racist or anti-semite; one must be "carefully taught to hate," as the old song goes. Schools, charged with operating on behalf of the common good, should make multicultural education a top priority. Or to put it another way, educators should add a fourth "R" to the proverbial three: reading, 'riting, 'rithmetic, and reduction of prejudice. For this freckled-faced, blonde prepubescent admirer of the Grand Racist of history, it may not be too late if, and only if, his school would be willing to act as the antidote to the poison which has entered his gullible and still open mind.
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"The camping experience did wonders for kids from small towns," Mr. Weiner said, "to work them into the .Jewish frame of reference, know about the Jewish way of doing things. It introduced kids who were not religiously observant to kashrut and let them know there was a Jewish world." Mr. Weiner said it was all done by the Jewish Federation of Omaha and "I thought it was a magnificent service." Mr. Weiner explained that at the time he went to camp it was a melting pot. He described some of the children as being "displaced persons" and said, "You learned to meet kids who had just been through the Holocaust, kids from Columbus, Neb., and Great Bend, Kans. The one thing they had in common was being Jewish." "In a two-week period you learned to make friends, to mix with everybody and form lasting friendships. It was g^eat fun." Mr. Weiner said those who returned the next
It let kids know there was a Jewish world. Dik Weiner By Lynda Prank "Make new friends, but ke«p the old One 18 silver and the other gold." lese words have been sung by thousands of campers las they sat round a campfire, but to no one do they ring more true than Richard "Dik" Weiner. Mr. Weiner credits his involvement in the Jewish Federation's camping program as having a profound effect on his life. "Most of my Ufelong friends stemmed from going to camp," Mr. Weiner •said.
"There was great wisdom on the part of the Jewish Federation to have a camping program for children," Mr. Weiner continued. "It was a great way to get children tuned in to Judaism in a positive way. In a camping situation it's all positive and it's all fun. You can teach while you're having fun. You can learn while you're having fun." Mr. Weiner, who was raised in Villisca, Iowa, said, "It was a wonderful way a guy who was raised in a small community in Iowa could get some Jewish experience. The closest and most affordable at that time was Camp JCC run by the Jewish Federation of Omaha." In 1946, at the age of nine, Mr. Weiner went to camp for the first time. He attended Camp JCC through 1950 and then, from 1955 to 1959, he was a staffer.
year would see old friends and also make new friends. "It was like going to paradise for two or four weeks. I didn't think anybody could have so much fun." Sherman Poska, who was the camp and Jewish Community Center director, was "the fellow who probably had as much influence on me as anyone," Mr. Weiner said. "He is the most dynamic camp director you 11 ever come across.'' Mr. Poska was Mr. Weiner's supervisor and boss when Mr. Weiner joined the JCC staff as youth activities director in 1959. "Part of my responsibility was to be the assistant director of the resident camp and I was the director of the day camp," he explained. Mr. Weiner, who held the position until 1966, was assistant director when Camp Esther K. Newman opened in 1963. Mr. Weiner went to college where he earned a degree in history. However, he was a social worker for seven years and taught at the Job Corps for three years. In 1970, he went into the real estate business. The successful co-owner of Dundee Real Estate said, "I have always enjoyed the contacts and the real friendships I have had from camp. Knowing everybody is a big advantage in business. So many of my business associations and social associations are definitely attributable to the strong friendships I made as a camper," Mr. Weiner concludM. For Dik Weiner, the wwds of the camp song have lasted a lifetime.
Torah procession Andrew Goodman participates in carrying and lifting the Torah during Lincoln's celebration.
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Sept. 18, >M7
Harold Bloom—Mr. Junior B'nai B'rith Bowling PB
By Lynda Frank
a spring parent/child tournament and an awards banquet. ^ror over 40 years, the Junior B'nai fl'rith Bowling According to Mr. Bloom, the league first started bowlLeague has been a Sunday afternoon mainstay for many ing at the 40 Bowl on 40th Street between Famam and area Jewish youngsters. Although there have been a few Dod^. They have had several other locations since then, changes since Harry Cotick, Ida Sacks and Harold Bloom including Kelley's Hilltop Bowl, Sky Lanes at the Center turned an idea into a reality in the fall of 1946, one thing and Ranch Bowl. "Each move was for a oarticular reason," that hasn't changed throughout the years is Harold Mr. Bloom explained. For example, he cited their move to Bloom's devotion as the league's adult advisor every year. Cougar Lanes 9 few years ago as the result of mistreatment Mr. Bloom credited Mr. Colick with coining up with the at their previous location. initial idea of getting youth involved in bowling. Mr. Bloom The dropping of team sponsors and the wearing of bowlsaid the three, all bowlers themselves, then approached ing shirts were other changes made over the years. B'nai B'rith for funds. Thus, the name Junior B'nai B'rith. At one time, individual businesses sponsored teams and Henry Monaky Lodge funded the junior bowlers until about the children wore shirts with the sponsors' names on them. five years ago. Sponsors were easy to get in good times but other times The league welcomes youngsters between the ages of nine it was a difficult task. Also, Mr. Bloom said, "two-thirds and 14, from beginners to more experienced bowlers. The of the kids wouldn't wear the shirts so it was a waste of league session runs from just after Yom Kippur/Rosh money." The sponsorships and shirts were eventually Hashanah to May and includes a Hanukkah tournament. dropped.
The number of bowlers in the league has also changec over the years. "Bowling, like other things, runs in cycles,' Mr. Bloom explained. At one time the league had 10 or IS teams with six kids on a team. Then, for a while, they ha( trouble filling teams. However, this past season there wen 34 bowlers on eight teams with four or five bowlers pa team. Mr. Bloom said they try to teach the kids to bow properly but kids do what they have always done. "Ii amazes me. Through the years, by watching kids bowl, 1 could tell whose kids they were by the way they bowl," Mr Bloom said. He noted that he now has the children of chil dren he worked with years ago and gnrandchildren of tho8ÂŤ he bowled with on the B'nai B'rith Men's League. Mr. Bloom said his wife has been very supportive anc has encouraged his participation. When he first started h< was "very much into bowling." He then had twin sons wh< bowled, then his daughter, Beverly, was on the league.
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Sapt. ia, 1M7
Mary Fellman's name led all the rest..
Mary Fellmaii touches a family photo in the Nebraska Jewish Historical Society exhibit at the Jewish Community Center. By Bert Lewis The list of people who credit Mary FeUman with having a great influence on their lives reads like a page jrom a membership roster for Hadassah, National Council of Jewish Women or Beth-El Women's League. And if the one drawing up the list were to be scrupulously honest, a large num-
ber of male names probably ought to be included The limits of time and space, however, demand that only a small representative number be quoted here. The people with whom Mary has had contact over the last several decades are those who were doing something which interested her or perhaps (she felt) should have been doing something in which she was involved. Some of them will be quoted here, some only mentioned. One clear truth is extracted from all the fact-gathering about Mary. She is known from one end of this Jewish community to the other. She is recognized as somebody who acts, rather than a person who simply talks. 1 have heard her referred to as a mentor. The dictionary says a mentor is a teacher, a leader. The woman who used that term is Ilene Klein. Ilene tells a straight-forward story about her connections with Mary FeUman. Ilene said, "I realized not long ago how our lives seem to have paralleled. We both began community activities with interest in small children and have evolved to concern for the aged." She went on to say that "Mary has always been an influence on me, whether we were working on Sisterhood or Federation projects. She has truly been a role model for me. She was always there for me, whenever I needed her. But that's how she is."
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Silvia Rof&nan contributed to the story, starting out with the words, "Evfry community needs a Mary FeUman. She's a totally honest person—she'll tell you whether you want to hear it or not!" This is said with admiration and affection. Silvia continued, "It interests me to realize that Mary's maiden name was Arbitman, which translates to mean worker or working person." According to Silvia Roffman, her first real contact with "The Worker" was in 1974, when the two were brought together by the Federation Board. "She taught me how the Federation worked—made me understand the system." And this observation, thoughtfully: "When she aeked me to do something, I was flattered to think I could. I wanted to do it well and wanted her to be proud of me." "You know, she never backs away from a job, never says let somebody else do it. If a project doesn't work and she knows it has potential, she'll wait. She has vision and imagination." And more from Ilene Klein, who sums up her personal attitudes by stating firmly that Mary "waa always a role model for me. I followed her steps and her exanide. In essence, Mary's philosophy is the community has been v«y good to her and she's just trying to put back a little." Joie Simon was another woman who sat and informally offered a story on her connection with Mary Fellman. She says, "I had known Mary for many years but didn't get closely involved until I bumped into her one day after I had coD^leted my Tample Sisterhood pnndaxy." She told about being at loose ends, unable to find a comfortable outlet and Mary answered, "111 call you." And she did, not long after. She invited Joie to attend a meeting which turned out to be the first step in the formation of the National Jewish Historical Society. She encouraged Joie to "back completely away from your past office—find something new", and certainly, the NJHS was a new project. The small group, consisting of Lois Friedman, Oliver Pollak, Silvia Hoffman and Joie Simon met with Mary until they had worked out the complications of forming an organization. The rest, at the risk of a cliche, is history. Joie, along with many others, worked hard tp help Mary develop her dream—the historical society. Those working with her will carry always the strong influence she had on their lives ... the push, the drive, the determination to begin a project and see it through to the end. Maybe the word is commitment. Saranne Gitnick has known Mary her entire life and explains her like this: "My mother, the former Ethelyn Kulakofsky, and Mary have been friends since the age of eight or nine. Mary is a familiar voice of my past... I grew up with a connection to her. She is a woman who has had an enormous influence on me. I describe her as a lady who for 60 years has produced a bottom line product. Any proj,ect with which she was involved was always brought to fruition. She's a selfstarter, a motivated person." She went on to add, "Mary's done it all. She came up through the ranks; she's done everything from setting tables to stuffing envelopes." Saranne explained, "She's family. To me she's always been like a second mother. She gets calls £11 the time from people who want her input, her advice." Saraime added that many people want Mary's ideas and help and ask for it without hesitation.
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As was stated at the beginning of this story, there must be a limitation on the number of people quoted. Therefore, it's likely that many, many people could come forward and ask, "Why didn't you call me? Mary has been such an influence on my life I could give you volumes!" Since that wasn't possible, let us instead try to to wrap up the story— the Mary Fellman story. There are probably relatively few members of the Jewish community of tMs city who haven't had some dealing or other with this woman. If the JCC is a place where you spend any time at all, you see her in the building. If you are interested in her-beloved Nebraska Jewish Historical Society, you have more than a little contact. If it's your habit to be at Saturday morning services at Beth El, she is a familiar regular. If you work within the framework of the Federation of this community, you certainly know her. If the idea of a Jewish siog^ service is of interest, no doubt you've heard about the one she and her sister (Annie Allan of Lincoln, Neb.) have organized. If the Vaad and its workings is of importance to you, then of course you've dealt \^th this woman. Even if you once played an active role in the Jewish part of the city end no longer do, you itill would have had dealings with her, beca)ue she's been around, doing her thing, for a bng time. She is, as a matter of fact, our own "living legend." In an effort to tie the loose ends of this story together, I questioned a young woman who is aot a native and who has not known Mary for many, many years. Sondra TojqMr, assodate director of the Omaha Federation had this to say: "I almost idolize her. She's the only woman I've ever met who has tha ability to turn dreams into naUtiea. She has had a real infhieiioe on Eoe—has made me want to be a better Jew, to do tilings Jewish, to feel them. Mary makes a person feel worthwhile. I believe that whatever she does comes from her haart. I would hope to Emulate her in some small way. Nobody could ever Iw just like Mary."
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Jewish Pr*u
8«pt. IS, 1M7
'My first dream was to be an athlete' ^^p By Lynda Frank 1 You might think someone who is a fourth-generation cantor was following his destiny. For Cantor Emil Berkovits of Beth El Synagogue, it was not quite that way. Being a cantor was not the life he originally had in mind. "My first dream was to be an athlete," Cantor Berkovits said. He was offered scholarships to UCLA for soccer and to Michigan State University for track but declined them both. He did eventually play semi-professional baseball but gave it up for religious reasons. As for school, he explained that "the trend in Montreal was that, unlike here, 80 per cent of the kids who lived there
brothers, the cantor said. "When Koussevitsky came to town for concerts, several of the compositions he liked to sing were duets with sopranos. Having an extremely high voice himself, he needed someone with a very high soprano voice. In those days, they didn't use women in choirs, so they had to use boys," Cantor Berkovits explained. The young Berkovits had a very high voice and was chosen to sing with him. He did this, which he considered an honor, from the age of 11 until his voice changed around age 13. Cantor Berkovits always looked up to Koussevitsky as a role model. He said, "That was the beginning of 'Gee, that's terrific, being a cantor.' Up to then, I had never really thought about it. My father was a cantor and that's just one of the things I saw every day." Cantor Berkovits continued, "To me, Koussevitsky was like a king. His voice was one in a million. There are not too many voices of his caliber, not even among opera singers." Cantor Berkovits quit singing with the choir for a few years after his voice changed and took it up again at age 16. Just before his 18th birthday, the cantor took High
Montreal kids stayed there for school.
stayed there for school." The cantor attended McGill University and Sir George Williams, majoring in business administration. He took a few music courses while attending McGill but "only for fun. I didn't want to be a dantor at that time—I wanted to be anything but," he said. . Hiisfirstmainjob was working for a large company-setting up displays, until he became manager of a large discount store. "I liked the business field and continued in that until I discovered the business world was not as easy as f thought it would be. It's a dog-eat-dog type of thing." In addition, the idea of being a cantor, which was instilled in him as a child, "was still close to me." About that time, when he was thinking of making a change, an opportunity arose at Beth Israel Synagogue in Omaha. So, at the age of 26, Montreal businessman Emil Berkovits became Cantor Emil Berkovits in Omaha. "At the age of six, seven, eight and up," he said, "without realizing it, I was being trained (to be a cantor)." Although he had no formal training, by the time he was
A full-time cantor upon coming to Omaha.
Cantor Emil Berkovits 16 years old, he was qualified to conduct a service. At the age of 18, he was teaching at a cantonal school where he earned his degree through teaching rather than by being a student. The generations of cantors in his family were not what actually gave him any interest in being a cantor. It was coming into contact with famous cantors who visited his synagogue in Montreal which piit the occupation into perspective for him. One of the most influential cantors was Moshe Koussevitsky who was from a family of four famous cantorial
Holiday pulpits. "Ever since then, I've been doing cantorial work, but never full-time imtil I came to Omaha." After four years at Beth Israel, he decided to head back east. He spent five years in Chicago and 10 years back in Montreal While in Montreal, he combined his love for business with his cantorial duties by working as a travel agent in his spare time. When he heard about the job opening at Beth El, he decided to return to Omaha. Today, he performs only cantorial duties but has put his travel agency .expertise to use in planning trips to Israel for his congregant^.
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Pag* 46
Jewish Pr*M
8«pt. IS. 1987
B'nai Mitzvah I 5747
By Bert Lewis
When I first heard about the theme for this issue I thought it was, a great idea. After all, who doesn't know somebody responsible for being an important influence on others? Then I heard, "Parents and close relatives shouldn't be the subjects." Wonderful. Except in a lot of cases, a mother or father or sister or brother would really fit the bill. Okay. If I can't, I can't. Although I could fill many pages describing the impact of my dear ones, it's not allowed. So, who couid 1 write about? I've been very lucky because I realize there are more than a few people who have sufficiently left their mark on me to be recognized. I remember, for example, a teacher 1 had when I was in seventh grade. She was a terrific person who worked diligently to make us aware of what was going on in the world at the time, not just what had already happened. She must have responded to me as 1 did to her because I remember how flattered 1 was to receive birthday cards from her—and my birthday did not occur during the school semester. I wonder how many kids remember her as I do today? Some ten years ago I joined a group of volunteers who taught illiterate adults to read. I met some fascinating people in that organization, but the one 1 remember best was not one of the leaders. Rather, it was a 15-year-old boy who had somehow managed to reach that age and not read better than first or second grade level. I worked with him for some time before I realized that all the lessons in the world wouldn't help. Then one day he became very angry and, in his frustration, showed me what was wrong. '"These stories don't mean nothin' to me. 1 don't live in a house that looks like that. I need to read important stuff, like on driver's license tests and street names and work orders. "He finally got through to me and I knew I couldn't educate all the world's non-readers but I couid concentrate on his individual problem. That kid showed me clearly that all the grand schemes in the world did not necessarily fit him. If 1 was going to teach him to read, I had better find a way he could relate to. Ultimately I did, but the lesson was two-fold each time we met. True, 1 taught him something, but he taught me a great deal. too. I learned to really zero in on a projectto give it all I had, not just a measured portion. And to listen, to really listen so that I could hear plainly what was not being said as well as what was said.
In the last decade I have had the good fortune to acquire a wonderful friend. She is a lady I have known casually for years but had never worked with. I consider her friendship one of the most fortunate I could have. She is one of those people who has the capacity to always say the right thing, no matter how foolishly she is spoken to. She listens with all her might when somebody is telling her their troubles and her response is carefully, sensibly and lovingly worded. She can laugh uproariously when appropriate and sympathize gently when sympathy is called for. She has a talent for having a common sense approach to the knottiest problems, yours or mine. She appreciates the smallest gesture, the tiniest evidence of affection. She has a sentimental streak, but it isn't sticky. I have learned to listen to her and pay close attention, because invariably I am learning a better way or a better approach. Like the young boy learning to read, she taught me the importance of truly listening. She could be a role model for
.. the one I remember best was not one of the leaders. anybody and I consider myself lucky that circumstances brought us together in the kind of work we both enjoy doing. She is somebody to emulate, and the woman who does can only learn more and more. I mentioned earlier that subjects whose stories were told couldn't be one's parents. That is probably best, because who of us couldn't write books about lessons learned at their mother's knee and their dad's elbow? Nobody can deny the earliest values come from home and family. But after weieam those important values, at home, horn Mother and Dad, we must go out in the world. And how often are we lucky enough to meet up with somebody who fits the description of my lady friend? My good dear friend. The one who has heard worries I wouldn't speak aloud to another living soul. And who always has something comforting to say. She is not a miracle worker; she hasn't a magic wand. But she does have a gift in that soft, gentle manner of hers. 'Chank you Toby Kagen for being my friend.
1986-87 BAR MITZVAH Andrew Altman Michael Bassik Shawn Bohbot Aron Michael Boumstein Mark Brookstein Mark Cohen Barry Davies Andrew Epstein David Estrada {Second Bar Mitzvahl Daniel Joshua Fried Adam Kirshenbaum Daniel Thomas Kully Marc Benjamin Leibowitz Brian Ashley Lewis Seth Steere Perlman Ophir Rahmani Darrin Michael Roitstein Geoff Adam Rosenblatt Sicott Bradley Sacks David Stern Andrew Scott Wigodsky Adam Scott Wisnia Adam Yale BAT MITZVAH Mamj Berger Angel Beth DePorte Rikki Loryn Epstein Andrea Friedlander Holly Friedman RebiBcca Goldstein Andrea Goodman Lisa Goodman Sarah Joy Kohll Sarah Elizabeth Krieger Meredith Lainof Hannah Miller Lerman Marci Levine Joy Mann Tema Jeanne Moss Amy Renee Perimeter Lesley Plotkin Emily Rennard Stacey Riekes Lisa Ellen Sheldon Jennifer Silver
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Pafl* 48
Jawlah l>r*M
S*pt. IS, 1987
1
Clarence Darrow inspired Louis Lipp W^_ By Lynda Frank Clarence Darrow was probably an inspiration to many would-be attorneys. Among those he inspired was a young Omahan named Louis Lipp. When Mr. Lipp waa in liigh school, he followed accounts of the Loeb and Leopold trial in the Omaha newspaper which, Mr. Lipp said, quoted the attorneys at the trial verbatim. Loeb and Leopold, both Jewish and in their late teens, murdered a 10-year-old Jewish boy on the South Side of Chicago. That area, explained Mr. Lipp. was where "the creme de la creme of Jewish society lived at the time," and air three boys were from wealthy families. Clarence Darrow, who represented the boys, argued about not executing them. Their parents didn't want them
loose; they wanted them confined, but not executed. According to Mr. Lipp, Darrow gave a tremendous summary of the facts and various psychiatrists testified as to
"l^bought It wouU be gnat to be a lawyer." the motivation of these boys. Mr. Lipp was "so carried away following all this and reading Clarence Darrow's summary to the court, that I thought it would be great to be a lawyer."
Before this, Mr. Lipp said, he had no idea what he wanted to do for a career. He had discussed it with his parents who weren't too happy when he mentioned astronomy as a possibility. After the trial, when he decided law was his choice for a career, his parents "didn't object to it at all and felt it was a respectable occupation for a Jewish boy." Graduating from high school after his 16th birthday, Mr. Lipp entered college in 1924. During his spare time, he said, he would haunt the federal courthouse. Once he witnessed a big lawsuit concerning the Hudson Motor Car Company which was being sued by the family of a man who died in a car crash. The plaintiff claimed the wheels had locked and wouldn't straighten out and the man had crashed into a tree. What reinforced Mr. Lipp's interest in law during this trial was that "experts from all over the country came in (CoadBoed oa P««e 49)
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(Continued from Page 48) tou to testify about the steering apparatus. That case fortified my resolution to seek a career in the legal profession." Mr. Lipp graduated from Creighton University in 1930. "I had some of the biggest cases ever in Omaha. Our firm represented Eugene Eppley, who owned a hotel chain, and
.. i v§ry chaH§nglng typt ofpnctico."
Josephson, who owned the HJH Hotel and some hotels in Kansas City. Outside of the first year of World War II, I never did any trial work because nobody wanted to monkey around with trials. Cases were all settled. Nobody wanted to take time off work because they were making 80 much money."
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The biggest aspect of the law. Mr. Lipp said, is anything but courtwork. "It's the least remunerated because it takes so much time. Preparation, as well as preiiminary motions and the like, are needed before you actually get to a trial date." As a youth, he said he saw only the glamorous part. As he explained, "I just assumed everything came automatically. I figured you went to law school, memorized everything in law school and it served you the rest of your life." He said he was "way off" in his thinking. Mr. Lipp went into tax and corporate law and estate planning—not exactly "Darrowish." Although it was a different type of law pracrice than he had originally envisioned, he said he found great interest in devising sound estate plans. "That was a very challenging type of practice." After 57 years of law practice, the 80-year-old now works only one day a week at the law firm of Erickson and SederStrom in Regency. Mr. Lipp may not have had the career Darrow did, but he has endured in the field into which Darrow inspired him.
Louis l^
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[ Pag* 50
Jewish Preu
Sapt. 18. 19S7
Action speaks louder ^^F By Lynda Frank A chance meeting with a Japanese Judo instructor over 20 years ago has been a constant reminder to Dr. Larry Kipperman that "actions speak louder than words." Dr. Kipperman was athletic in his younger years and especially enjoyed wrestling. He wanted to continue in his adult life and "Judo seemed closest to wrestling." He had taken Judo before, but this particular instructor surprised , him by teaching Judo differently. ' "To many Japanese, Judo is a way of life that involves the philosophy of behaving with maximum efficiency with minimum effort on the one hand, and on living one's life . with an attitude of mutual welfare and benefit to all people on the other hand," Dr. Kipperman said. It was in those terms he was instructed and came to know his teacher.
Teacher's philosophy more important than the sport.
Although Dr. Kipperman had always considered Judo a : sport, he said "the philosophy (of his teacher) became more I' important to me than the sport itself." The way his teacher taught, "the sport became a concrete example of the application of the philosophy, so one could always be aware that what he was teaching was not theoretical, that it was very concretely applied to everyday liv. ing," Dr. Kipperman explained. "We were always reminded that our job was to help each other, that our competition [' was not with each other but with ourselves, to see how S much better we could become day by day, compared to the I previous day." I Dr. Kipperman seiid he feels the instructor could have f applied this philosophy to a course in business, medicine, [ automobile repair or anything else he would have taught. The instructor also changed the psychologist's attitude /toward criticism. Dr. Kipperman explained we usually think
of criticism as something very negative, in which our faults may be a source of embarrassment to us and we would try to avoid such situations. "What I was taught," he said, "was that there can be a very positive kind of criticism in which one can be taught to get rid of mistakes and to become better and better at doing and being in a way that is tnor6 helpful." Dr. Kipperman said he has learned how important it is to seek out people who know how to criticize to the benefit of others. "In that way," he said, "learning becomes a positive experience rather than something to be avoided because of fear of a negative criticism." He cited a favorite saying of his teacher: "If we practice something ten thousand times, we will become perfect in our practice. Even if we practice a wrong thing, we will become perfect in our practice. We will then do the thing we have learned perfectly wrong, and we will do it that way every time. So we should seek correction regularly, as we go along. Then our practice will help us improve, not get worse." Chief of clinical field services for the western part of the United States for Vietnam veterans' counseling services. Dr. Kipperman said he can't tell what effect the instruction has had on his professional life, since psychologists are taught to behave with clients "as the Judo instructor would have wished." He said the effect is more obvious in other parts of his life where it isn't always obvious that what needs to be done is to be helpful to someone. Essentially, he said, the teacher taught him to apply his professional l>ehavior outside his practice. Dr. Kipperman stressed that his teacher did not have a comer on the philosophy he taught. "The Japanese philosophy he taught is totally consistent with the outlook of Judaism itself" As Dr. Kipperman explained, we are all supposed to try to help each other and help each other improve in following God's law. He also said, "Some think that way of looking at relationships among people is so very Jewish, although neither the Japanese nor the Jews have the comer on it. That's why there's a preponderance of Jews in the helping professions." "We're taught when we're little to help people, but sometimes it gets lost through lack of sufficient reinforcement, or competing philosophies taking over," he said. "I'm glad I have reminders in the Jewish community and have had people in my past, like my teacher, to guide me," Dr. Kipperman said, adding, "Life is too short. We need to help people while we're here."
Lincoln thanks Harry Allen Congregation Tifereth Israel in Lincoln thanks Harry Allen for his contribution over the years to the synagogue. Rabbi Ian Jacluiis presents a gift to Mr. Allen.
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Alan Parsow started investing as a hobby put their money where their mouth is and he was one of those people." Mr. Parsow and Dr. Crane became very close friends and associates. "He taught me an incredible amount about the psychology of the market, the logic of the market, facts of the market, and the temperament you need for the market," Mr. Parsow said. Dr. Crane and the Parsow family spent quite a bit of time together. The instructor became like a father to Mr. Parsow, and his wife and sons became like a daughter and grandsons to Dr. Crane. As a matter of fact, the Parsows' second son, Daniel Roderic Parsow, is named after Dr. Crane. Dr. Crane helped him throughout the years and the partnership, which had been experimental, got better as Mr. Parsow's knowledge grew. "He was a very, very strong influence on how I act in the market," Mr, Parsow said. Mr. Parsow said his friendship with Buffett, learning about his philosophy, ideas about investment, temperament and principles related to investment theory, coupled with the knowledge he gained from Ruth Pilling and Dr. Crane, "basically patterned my investment philosophy and tem-
By Lynda Frank Alan Parsow began his venture into investments as a hobby. When he started, a client's minimum investment was $500; today, the minimum is $150,000. A combination of influences contributed to the success the investment partnership manager is enjoying today. The first major influence in his life, outside of his family, was a Latin teacher at Central High School in Omaha. Mr. Parsow recalls Ruth Pilling, who taught Latin and ancient civilization, as "ah impressive lady in the way she thought and taught." From watching her and working as her assistant, he learned how advanced those societies were centuries ago. "It influenced the way I thought and also my work habits. The Greek logic taught me an order of
"Greek logic taught me an order of thinking and a process I use today.''
thinking and a process I use today to think problems through," Mr. Parsow said. In his junior year of college, Mi'. Parsow decided he wanted to know more about an interest he had had for years, the stock market. His family and the Buffett family were friends. Mr. Parsow approached well-known investor Warren Buffett about becoming an apprentice or "gofer" for him. At the time, he (Parsow) had no background and Mr. Buffett didn't have the time to teach him from scratch. Mr. Buffett told the young Parsow, "The only way you can learn is by doing, and losing your own money is probably the best lesson you can learn." So Mr. Parsow decided to form his own partnership. He took Mr. Buffett's old partnership agreement, lawyer and bookkeeper. He also read some of the investment books recommended by Mr. Buffett. In March of 1972, Alan Parsow started his own investment partnership as a hobby and a learning experience. "If we lost everything, no one was out a lot of money since I was the only major
A hobby has turned out to be a full-time bu^ness
Alan Parsow
investor; and, if things yvorked out, we'd open it up, take more money and go from there," Mr. Parsow said. The minimum investment was $500. Shortly thereafter, he took an investment course at the University of Nebraska-Omaha under Dr. Roderic B. Crane, long-time head of the Economics Department at the imiversity. Mr. Parsow had been running the partnership but had no real experience or formal education in investing. "Crtme had been investing literally his whole life with his own money," Mr. Parsow said, adding, "I appreciate people who
perament to where this business I started in 1972 as a hobby with $27,000 is now a major full-time business." In 1983, some near-fatal events put all that Mr. Parsow had learned into perspective. Shortly after returning from a ski trip at the beginning of that year, his son, then three and one-half years old, was diagnosed as having cancer. Later the same year, Mr. Parsow suffered a heart attack. "I went from a Type A4- personality to a B+ or A—. If I didn't have a perspective on life before, how to react to problems, I certainly had it afterwards." Today, both Mr. Parsow and his son are healthy and flourishing.
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MEMORIAL PRAYER SERVICE Memorial prayer services will be held at Pleasant Hill Cemetery (B'nai Jacob Section), 42nd and Redick Ave., Noon, Sunday, Sept. 20. Cantor Leo Fettman will officiate.
Sept. 18. 1M7
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Sabbath Candtelighiing (or Friday Sept 18. 7 10 pm.
Beth Israel SERVICES: Friday: Kabbalat Shabbat, 7 p.m. Saturday: Morning service, 8:45 a.m. Mincha, 7 p.m. ^ Mincha will be followed by Class with the rabbi, Ma'ariv and Havdalah. Shalosh S'eudot will not be served because of the Slichot symposium later in the evening. SLICHOT Pre-Slichot symposium, 9:30 p.m. The symposium will present the whys and wherefores, the origins and reasons, for many of our Jewish customs. Refreshments will be served a 11 p.m., courtesy of Sisterhood. Slichot service, 11:30 p.m. Sunday: Morning Minyanaire service, 9 a.m. Weekdays: 7 a.m. and 7 p.m. MEMORIAL SERVICE Rabbi Nadoff and Cantor Fettman wil conduct the annual pre-High Holy Day Memorial service on Sunday, Sept. 20,11 a.m. at Golden Hill Cemetery, and at 2 p.m. at BHH Cemetery. ROSH HASHANAH V Wednesday, Sept. 23 vening service, 7 p.m. Thursday and Friday Sept. 24 and 25 Shacharit, 7 a.m. Torah reading 8:30 a.m. Shofar 9:15 a.m. Musaf 9:30 a.m. Rabbi's sermon 11:30 a.m. Tashlich (Thursday only) 4 p.m. SHABBAT SHUVA Sabbath of Repentance Saturday, Sept. 26 Morning service, 8:45 a.m.
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Choosing our paths By Rabbi Paul Orazen Beth El Synagogue As we mull over days and years gone by, we often consider how it was that we have ended up where we did. And as the thoughts cross our minds, there is no question that we can pinpoint a person, event or decision which had a pivotal effect on us. Perhaps it was a parent or teacher, the choice of one school or course of study rather than another or an. event which, truly touched us that helped us along the path we took. For most of us, our religion, too, has had that kind of effect. No matter if we are fully observant or just have a "Jewish feeling" in our hearts, the messages of Judaism have a profound effect on us. It goes far beyond the mitzvot since our way of looking at the world, our responsibilities to Mothers and, indeed, for the world itself can be traced to the lessons we have learned. Some of those lessons were the formal ones, taught in a class. But most of them we absorbed from life at home and in the community. The pushke being used regularly taught about tzedakah; the quiet ambiance of Shabbat and holidays was an object lesson in and of itself. Watching how spouses and other family members were treated became a foundation for the
way we live in our family. One goal we should set for ourselves at this, the start of a new year, is to consider the way we live and to determine if it can be considered a model of life we would like others to follow. Is our observance of Judaism at home, the spoken and the unspoken observance, powerful enough to make a lasting impression? It's rarely possible to know the influence we have on other people. What we can know is if we live in such a way that we can become an influence for good on others. That, is something which we do, usually not by specific purposeful act^s, but by the way we live each and every day. If we choose those actions correctly, we can truly become .an influence for good for others, for ourselves as well.
Offutt Air Base SERVICES: Rabbi Howard Zyskind conducts services in the Capehart Chapel every Friday at 8 p.m. An Oneg Shabbat follows the aervica. v*i--,<-*w.i :
MT. SINAI MEMORIAL SERVICE Rabbi Allan Gonsher will conduct a memorial service at Mt. Sinai Cemetery, 78th and Crown Point, Sept. 20 at 12:15 p.m.
Between word and deed By Rabbi Isaac Nadoff Beth Israel We are stiU dismayed and disillusioned and filled with apprehension by the numerous incidents of moral and ethical misconduct among people in positions of trust and leadership in our mid§t. In no particular order of importance, I am speaking of the Ivan Boesky financial scandal, which shook our confidence in the moral standards of the business world; the Tammy and Jim Bakker 'misadventure,' which dealt a severe blow to' the religious community and its spokesmen; the IranContra hearings, which endangered the very foundations of our democracy; and, not least among these, the United Nations' frequent and numerous actions of hypocrisy and deception, of pretense and sham and perversion. These, among other examples, reflect a blemished society. Lies and fraud and duplicity are the common denominator in all these instances. What we are faced with here is a glaring contradiction between the spoken word and the deed, between belief and practice, between speech and action. It exists not only among the rich and famous and mighty. It is a chwacter defect in the private life of many individuals. The result is a cynicism born of loss of trust and faith and confidence. We voice high ideals, but our actions fall short of these ideals. We subscribe to noble principles but ignore them in practice. Word and deed are often in conflict. Judaism is especially sensitive to this issue. A vivid illustration of this sensitivity is found in the wellknown "Al Chet" recitation that is repeated five times during the Yom Kippur day service. Of the 44 "Al Chet" confessions ("for the sin which we have sinned... ") no less than 15 of them pertain to the spoken word, to the sin of misleading speech.
Temple Israel SERVICES: Friday: 7:30 p.m. Cantor Harold Firestone will officiate. Saturday: 11:15 a.m. CLASSES Religious School-Saturday, Sept. 19 (Grades 6-9) 9 a.m.; Sunday, Sept. 20 (Grades K-5) 10 a.m. Preschool—Sunday, Sept. 20, 10 a.m. Hebrew School—All classes meet at 4 p.m.; Gimmel and Daled, Monday, Sept. 21; Aleph, Tuesday, Sept. 22; Bet, Wednesday, Sept. 23. ROSH HASHANAH Wednesday, Sept. 23 First service 6:30 p.m. Second service 8:30 p.m. Thursday, Sept. 24 Morning service, 10 a.m. Yoimg children's service, 2-2:30 p.m. Family youth service, 2:46-3:45 p.m.
Measure yourself by deeds to deception and insincerity in our human relations and in the pursuit of our personal goals. Jews are not free of guilt in this regard. Jews express their pride in Judaism and their enthusiasm for its teachings but neglect to incorporate them in their personal lives. Jews love the synagogue, support it, recognize its centrality in Judaism, but are absent from it most of the year. Jews recognize and appreciate Judaism's high standards of ethical expectations, but too frequently succumb to unethical temptations. Jews see beauty in the rituals of our faith, but do not practice them in their homes. We pay lip service to Jewish ideals, but we let those ideals go unheeded. Jewishly, we don't always mean what we say and don't always say what we mean. Our lives are marked by inconsistencies. There is a wide gulf separating our words and deeds. The High Holiday season is an annual reminder that the true measure of our pious intentions is demonstrated only when we incorporate them into our lives. As the popular folk saying has it, the road to Hell is paved with good intentions. The "Al Chet" and its repeated warning about this flaw in our character is a much needed and timely
Beth El Synagogue SERVICES: Rabbi Paul Drazen and Cantor Emil Berkovits will conduct the services. Friday: 6 p.m. Saturday: 9:30 a.m. Mincha-Ma'ariv, 7:15 p.m. SELIHOT A reception will be held before Selihot services, Saturday, Sept. 19, 10:30 p.m., honoring officers and board members. The service will be at 11:45 p.m. ROSH HASHANAH Wedrieaday, Sept. 23 Eventiig service, 8:15 p.m. Thuradajr and Friday , ,^; Sept.:24 and 25 Morning Sitv'ce. 8:30 a.m. Alternate service, 9:45 a.m. Tashlicb (Thursday only) 4 p.m. Minha-Ma'ariv, 6 p.m. SHABBAT SHUVA Friday. Sept. 25 6 p.m. Saturday, Sept. 26, 9:30 a.m. Minha-Ma'ariv, 7 p.m. MEMORIAL SERVICE Sept. 27 Beth El Cemetery, 11 a.m.
By Rabbi Stephen F. Barack Temple Israel We measure time in many ways. We have clocks, watches. But they are mere mechanical tools with which we calculate impersonal minutes that pass. We have birthdays and anniversaries. But they are artificialities that we impose on the calendar and are not the ultimate, most precise mstruments with which to record living. But, our High Holy Days cause us to measure time in ways that truly count. This thought is illustrated by this story. It seems that there was a firm that was interested in hiring a man for a top executive position that was suddenly vacated. The firm bypassed the man next in line and selected an outsider to .fill the job. The man who had seniority was so upset he went to talk to the president of the company. In very hurt tones he told of how he had so many years of experience with the firm. The president replied that the man really had only one year with the firm,, but had experienced it many times over. The point, of course, is that we should not measure experience by years, but rather by what we have done during those years. And that is one of the lessons our High Holy Days imposes on us. We ask ourselves, what have we done with our years? Do we insist on living the past over and over again? It is true that
we are a people of history. But we have sprung from it; we have not been mired in it. And there is a difference. How open have we been to new thoughts and experiences? To those of our children, our friends, our employers, our employees? Even of our parents, however old or young we may be? The truth is that our Holy Days enjoin upon us an obligation to look to the past for instruction, and ib the future for a new slate upon which to write our experience and a new time' in which to qualify and truly measure our days. So, we do not measure time or experience by years, but rather by something else. That something else is the newness we have brought into our lives, and the goodness we have created through living. The truest measure of time is not the number of years we have seen, but the vision of goodness we have held before us; not the number of days we have existed, but the number of good deeds we have performed. May the New Year be a good and healthy one for all of us and our loved ones.
Blumkin Home SERVICES: Friday :7 p.m. Daily and Saturday: The residents and staff of the Rose Blumkin Home invite the families, volunteers and friends of the residents to attend services in the Herbert Goldsten Chapel. Kiddush follows services on Shabbat. Rabbi Myer Kripke will conduct the services. Rt)SH HASHANAH Wednesday;, Sept. 23 Evening service, 7 p.m. ' , Thursday and Friday Sept. 24 and 25 Morning service, 9 a.m. Evening service, 7 p.m.
Council Bluffs B'nai Israel SERV^IfiS: • First and ih^ Friday each mjinth, 7:30 p.m. An Oneg SRibbat follows the service,'B'nai Israel Synagogue offers swvicea led by members of the congregation. Volunteer Cantor Mandy Greene leads the singing. Everyone is invited to attend. Persons interested in the synagogue or in car pools may call Scott Kotzen 402-563-3334. ROSH HASHANAH Wednesday, Sept. 23 Evening service, 7:30 p.m Thursday, Sept. 24 Morning service, 9:4£ a.m.
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Sapl. It, 1M7
Synagogue officers
5748 Temple Israel sident I presidents
Beth Israel Synagogue
Murray H. Newman Mel Epstein Jim Farber John Bernstein Jane Rips Ajon FarbiBr Martin J. Lehr
fSecretary I Treasurer [Past president
Board of Trustees Ronald Brodkey, Jane Brooks, Steven Dloogoff, Randi Epstein, Tom Felbnan, David Friedland, Dora GoldBtrom, Don Greenberg, Robert Hurwitz, Susie Kaplan, \ Dr. Stanley Malashock, Dr. Larry Roffanan, Normand Roffman, Rosalie Saltzman, Jeffrey Smedlund, Donald Yale, Hermene Zweiback. Temple Israel Sisterkood President Dora Goldstrom Vice {veaidents Executive Kay Weinstein Wajrs and Means Claire Passer Sisterhood services Susie Romanik Membership/progranuning Natha Waldbaum llecording secretary .Phyllis Roffman ^Corresponding secretary Baii>ara Hurwitz Treasurer Fran Coren ,pues secretariesNorms Fried, Nancy Epstein 'arliamentarian Fritzi Luefschuetz olicy & By laws Rosalie Saltzman 'ast president Sandy Nogg
President Vice presidents
Manny Goldberg Richard Katzman Roy Levine Gary Parilman Treasurer Marvin Parilman Recording secretary Dr. Allan Morris Elected Board of Commissioners Sheldon Cohen, Bemice Crounse, Lois Endelman, Irving Epstein, Dr. Barry Kricsfeld, Teddy Levine, Lee Polikov, Irwin Schwartz, Sidney Wertheim. Appointed Board of Commissioners Shirley Berman, Robert Eisenberg, Beverly Franklin, Debra Hostyk, Anne Joseph, Edward Joseph, Ben Kaiman, Cheryl Kirke, Larry Kirke, Cheryl Kricsfdd, Dr. Sol Kutlar, Gertrude Levey, Jack Levey, Dr. Ira Priluck, Bede Ostrow, Gary Rifldn, Alvin Ross, Georgia Aim Steinberg, Tibe Stoler, Richard Weiner, Dave Wine, Aron Zeiderman, Norman Zevitz. Beth Israel Sisterhood President Bemice Crounse Vice presidents Fundraising Ellen Albin Program Maggie Gerber Membership Linda Dunn Synagogue service Anne Joseph Recording secretary Charbtte Kaplan Corresponding secretaries Rose Abrahams Margie Weiss TreasurttBede Ostrow Financial secretaries . Julie Durmaskin, Denise Ipock Directors Cheryl Kricsfeld, Susie Shyken, Tibe Stoler
Temple Israel Men's Club [.President Jeff Smedlund [Vice president Normand Roffman ^Treasurer Andrew Fox i Board members Mel Epstein, Hal Seiner Past president Mel Epstein Temple Youth Group Resident ^ice presidents Treasurer pecretary phaplain Past president
Randi Epstein Jennifer Rubin, Keri Saltzman Mark Spizman . Stephanie Krieger Lisa Hurwitz iDebbie Baraik
1987-88 Beth El Synagogue
President Vice presidents
Ozzie Nogg Sanford Friedman, Raymond Goldstein Harold Zabin Secretary Cheryl Cooper Treasurer Sherman Golbitz Past president Ben Wiesman Board of Trustees Edward Belgrade, Barbara Chandler, Ron Cooper, Willis Epstein, Mary Fellman, Ed Fried, Sandi Fried, Bonnie Horwich, Justin Horwich, Allen Kli^per, Forrest Knitter, Allen Kurland, Susan Paley, Shddon Rips, Kenneth Sacks, Natan Schwalb, Earl Siegel, Susan Silver, Nancy Skid, Stanley Widman, Morley Zipursky. Honorary members—Rabbi Myer Kripke, Toby Kagen. Beth El Women's Lcagoe President Nancy Skid Vice presidents Adminstration. ., Carol Parsow Cultural Darlene Golbitz Catering .Sheila Rosen, Shirley Kirshenbaum Ways and means Judy Zucker Treasurer Sheryl Friedman Recording secretary ^. .Dottie Rosenblum Coireqxmding secretary Judi Lemer Dues secretaries .t>onna Olesh, Lisa Epstein Directors Sandra Belgrade, Bobbi Epstein, Sharon Epstein Adviser Susie Drazen Beth El Men's Clnb President Stanley Widman Vice presidents Carl Greenberg Allen Kurland Treasurer Phil Wayne Secretary Marty Shukert Past president Sherman Golbitz
Council Bluffs B'nai Israel President Scott Kotzen Vice presidents Brent & Rebecca Bloom Treasurer Dr. Jerome Bleicher Caretaker Norman Coval Past presidents coimcil .... Sandra & Allen Kurland Eugene Freund Musical directors Mitch Siegel Major Maiady Greene Secretary Peggy DeLand
MaytheNewlfear blanket you in the comfort of good health, peace, anothe respect and love of your fellow man.
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56
Jewish Preta
S*pt. II, 19B7
A time to give ourselves to others By Rabbi Deborah L. Pipe-Mazo Lincoln B'Nai Jeshurun Rosh HaShanah and Yom Kippur are soon upon us. It is during this time of year that we set aside time to examine where we are in our lives and the relationships of which we are a part. This process is never an easy one, yet we have the opportunity to experience tremendous growth and reap meanin^jful rewards as a result of the effort and energy invested in this evaluation. The Torah Portion which will be read on Rosh HaShanah morning, the sacrifice of Isaac, calls for such an examination and evaluation. God told Abraham to "take your son, your favored one, Isaac, whom you love" and bring him to an unspecified mountain upon which he will be sacrificed. Abraham was asked to give up that which was most precious to him in all the world—Isaac was a part of him—as a gift for God. According to the Biblical narrative, Abraham followed God's directive without asking any questions. It was only an angel's persuasive voice which stopped Abraham from slaughtering Isaac. How natural it is for us to ask how Abraham could have fulfilled such a command as the directive to kill his son. Perhaps one might explain his obedience as an innate understanding that
Rabbi Pipe-Mazo the giving of one's self is an important part of any meaningful relationship. The way Abraham showed his commitment to God was his willingness to bring Isaac to Mount Moriah. The sacrifice of Isaac was Abraham's opportunity to give of himself, to sacrifice a part of himself, in an effort to deepen and strengthen an already existing relationship. While our tradition no longer practices the ritual of human or animal sacrifices, we can still celebrate the purpose of these offerings—to demonstrate our love for and committnent to God and others—through gifts of caring and sensitivity. The prophet Isaiah, who prophesied in the time of the Babylonian exile when the Temple—where the sacrifices took place—no longer existed, spoke of such gifts when he urged the exiles to •bring offerings of the heart
to God. He said that God would find them just as acceptable as He once did those brought on the altar. The High Holy Day season is a perfect time to give of ourselves to others, to sacrifice, in a positive sense, part of who we are to enhance our relationships and reaffirm their foundations. I invite everyone to join me in this opportunity to both examine the relationships in which we are involved and then share more of ourselves with these very important people. B'Shalom.
Lincoln B'nai Jeshurun SERVICES: Friday: 8 p.m. ROSH HASHANAH Wednesday. Sept. 23 Evening service, 8 p.m. A reception, hosted by the Board of Trustees, will follow. Thursday, Sept. 24 Morning service, 10 a.m. Children's service, 2 p.m.
Lincoln Tifereth Israel SERVICES: Friday: 8 p.m. Saturday: 9 a.m. ROSH HASHANAH Wednesday, Sept. 23 Evening service, 6 p.m. Thursday, Sept. 24 Morning service, 8:30 a.m. Minha-Ma'ariv, 7 p.m. Friday, Sept. 25 Morning service, 8:30 a.m. SHABBATSHUVA Friday, Sept. 25, 8 p.m. Saturday, Sept. 26, 9 a.m. Mondays and Thursdays: 7:15 a.m.
J'J:e ^. X^HJ •.-iiS" 'i '.tii'4'ij
Lincoln Tifereth Israel Officers Eve Hoffman Al Weiss Jack Mosow Cece Hill
President Vice president Secretary Treasurer
B'nai Jestiurun Officers President ' Marsha Plotkin Vice president Jim Gessford Secretary Suzanne Kalish Financitj sec. and treas Bonnie Lapin Board members Penny Berger, Alan Frank, Jim Gessford, Bob Nefsky, Alan Ross, Eva Sartori, Marcia Wallen, Stan Wallen, Paula Williams
Deaths S. Robert Goodman Joseph Ginsbturg Jack Lederman Elizabeth Lenhoff Minnie Misle
Leon Nefsky Max Pol^ky Irene Shire Rose Schneider Julius Zager
Births SONS Anne Kennedy and Sim Gurwitz Mr. and Mrs. Jordan Kominsky Mr. and Mrs. Mark Rosenberg DAUGHTERS Rabbi and Mrs. Ian Jacknis Mr. and Mrs. Michael Keller Mr. and Mrs. Howard Misle
B'nai Mitzvah Risa Cohen Rebekkah Ehrlich Leah Goodman Daniel Kalish Danny Levitov Wendy Pearlman Jamie Priesman
^
Marriages Michelle Thompson . .. :
Allen Schreiber?
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May the year 5748 bring you blessings of fulfillment and peace.
B'nai B'rith Women of Omaha
The Society of Survivors Of The Holocaust
wishes the community a healthy and happy New Year
We Remember in order that Mankind will not forget
May you be inscribed for a happy, healthy and prosperous New Year.
The Nebraska Jewish Historical Society wishes you a New Year of good health and good life and we invite you to share family histories and pictures as well as other rnemorabilia with us this year. Happy New Yew to the Omaha Jewish Community
Kalah Franklin Chapter Hatikvah Chapter
Women's American ORT — Omaha Chapter
AMIT WOMEN
"Blessed is God who, delighted in life, has given us life."
formerty American MIzrachi Wbmen
Epstein Morgan Post 260 JEWISH WAR VETBtANS
USA Wishes all veterans and the supporting community a happy New Year. supfjorts scholarships & V.A. entertainment
Best wishes for a wonderful new Year
(
Omaha Section
National Council of Jewish Women
Beth El Synagogue Women's League Junior Congregation
extends its warmest wishes to the Jewish community for a healthy, happy, and peaceful New Year.
Men's Club BILU USY
The Congregation of Temple Israel wishes its friends in the Jewish community many long years filled with good health, happiness and love.
Sincere wishes for a happy, iiealtliy, peaceful New Year
BETH ISRAEL SYNAGOGUE
Sisterhood
NCSY
Sisterhood
Best Wishes for a happy New Year
May the New Year be bright with peace, prosperity and happiness.
Omaha B'nai B'rith Men Cornhusker Lodge
Omaha Chapter Hadassah
Henry Monsky Lodge
Our best wishes for a happy and healthy New Year.
The Older Adults of the JOG Monday Group
Old-Tlmers Walk-In, Drop-In Groups
lien's Club Youth Group
The Children of The Friedel Academy would like to wish the entire community a Happy and Peaceful New Year
L'SHANA TOVA TIKATEVU from The members of CORNBELT COUNCIL AZA&BBG Of Mid-America Region BBYO
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Sapt. IS, 1M7
Jawiah Prass
HAPFY nEW YEAR!
KSTWISKS FOR A
With Warmest Wishes
HAPPY NEW YEAR
Donna, Gary and Gehrig Bernstein
Joe's Tailor Shop L'ShanaTova
Holiday Greetings from our house to your house. All our love, Don and Mary Jane Heyne
To all our friends. Thank you for being so warm and friendly. Our sincere wishes for a healthy and prosperous New Year and well over the Fast. Jeffrey, Ardyne, Morgan and Micha Solomon
A Healthy and Happy Mew Year To All Our family And Friends Toni and Barry Kairaan Sarah and Jeffrey of Northridge, California Wishing the Entire Community a Shana Tova Umetuka
Mendel, Shani and Estie Katzman Best Wishes
B
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May the blessings of peace, contentment and good health be shared by all our family and friends in the New Year. Gloria Beedle and Son, Randy Osheroff.
May the New Year bring health, happiness, peace and prosperity to everyone. Mr. and Mrs. Morria Nadler.
Milt and Esther Bloom extend L'Shana Tova Tekatevu—Good health, happiness and peace to all their relatives and friends in the coming New Year. May the blessings of peace, contentment and good health be shared by all our family and friends in the New Year. Ruth Breslow and David Slobodiaky.
0 Mike and Caroline Orlowski extend warm greetings and good wishes to all our friends in Omaha for a healthy, prosperous New Year.
Mrs. Fannie Sherman Chunovic extends warm greetings and good wishes to all for a h^py, healthy, prosperous New Year.
Ida and Irving Forbes wish all their relatives and friends health, halppiness and peace in the New Year.
Mr. and Mrs. A. B. Gendler and family extend warm greetings and good wishes to all for a happy, healthy, prosperous New Year;
H
Mr. and Mrs. Edward Kahn wish all their relatives and friends health, happiness and peace in the New Year. May the New Year bring health, happiness, peace and prosperity to everyone. Steve KaUeman and Gary Chasen. May the New Year bring health, happiness, peace and prosperity to everyone. Mrs. Albert (Sadie) Kohn.
Elegant cuisine Informal dining
II
Carl and Fannie Lagman wish all their relatives and friends health, happiness and peace in the New Year.
May the blessings of peace, contentment and good health be shared by all our family and friends in the New Year. Frances and Melvin Plotkin.
1017 Howard 341-3547
L'Shana Tova Tikatevu
With love and gratitude,
Susan, Jeffrey, Chris and Aaron Aizenberg
Cece Zorinsky
May the blessings of peace, contentment and good health be shared by all our family and friends in the New Year. Ida Ruth and Bill Poster.
R Wishing our family and friends a full measure of health, happiness, prosperity and peace throughout the coming year. Irving and Lola Reinglaa.
May the blessings of peace, contentment and good health be shared by all my family and friends. Sarah Siegel Sacks. We are thinking of our Omaha family and friends with loving wishes for a healthy and happy New Year. Bob, Connie, Lanie and Scottie Slatxky.
Mr. and Mrs. Walter Tichauer wish all their relatives and friends health, happiness and peace in the New Year.
V May the blessings of peace, contentment and good health be shared by all my family and friends in the New Year. Sally Venger.
M
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May the blessings of peace, contentment and good health be shared by all our family and friends in the New Year.' Dr. and Mrs. J. Milton Margolin.
Nebraska Dental Centers and the Steven Tipp Family
Mr. and Mrs. Morton Plotkin wish all their relatives and friends health, happiness and peace in the New Year.
May the New Year bring health, happiness, peace and prosperity to everyone. Roselle and Saul Libowsld.
Sol and Ida Mann wish all their relatives and friends health, happiness and peace in the New Year.
in the Old Market
Wishing a Blessed New Year to All.
Mr. and Mrs. Al Oruch wish all their relatives and friends health, happiness and peace in the New Year.
K 342-6655
NEW YEAR GREETINGS
from the staff at
Mr. and Mrs. Yale Halperin wish all their relatives and friends health, happiness and peace in the New Year.
Eisenberg Art Gallery 3615 Dodge
May the New Year be ever joyous for you and your family. Mr. and Mrs. Henry Appel
May the blesainga of peace, contentn^Mit and good health be snared by all our family and friends in the New Year. Nate and Bebe Marcus.
ItstWitlim HiaJCClMritlietal
Staff Scott Kotzen Dallas Sawyer Clarence Rembold Pauline Potts
May the New Year bring health, happiness and the joy of lasting friendships Dave and Jeanne Dvorkin Marty, Marilyn, Marc & Mitchell Warren Mel, Lois, Randi, Robyn & Rikki Epstein
THE HDDSON CENTER COUNSELING a PSYCHOTHERAPY. Psychotherapy for blended families, pre-marital counseling, youth guidance, divorce adjustment, group therapy, substance abuse, career and family guidance . . . 12111 Pacific St.
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It, 1M7
Suging & Selling Children's UJeor
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Culinary wishes for a sweet New Year By Naomi Arbit ,
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Schwartz Insurance Agency UFE * HEALTH ik HOME BUSINESS INSMUNCE lie North 69di St.
5S6-9330
Happy New Year All American Advertising Specialty Co., Inc. Joan and Bud Bernstein Jay, Julie and Brian Durmaskin and Papers and Things Joan Bernstein
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Best Wishes for a Happy New Year Marlene and Stewart Kahn Bob, Vicki, & Tom STEWART KAHN & COMPANY ELECTRICAL CONTRACTOR
833 Meadow Rd. 333-8399 Omaha, Ne. 333-8408
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Sol & Sylvia Schwartz extend their best wishes for a Happy New Year
in:
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"L'Shana Tovah" (May you be inscribed for a good New Year) will be heard throughout synagogues and notnes as Jewish people elebrate Rosh Hashanah starting sundown on Sept.23. The hope for a sweet year is a theme of the holiday. Honey symbolizes the universal wish that life will be sweeter. The holiday dinner starts and ends with sweet dishes. The traditional Sabbath bread, Challah, is baked in a round shape, sliced at the beginning of the meal and served with shces of apple. Both are dipped in honey and then eaten. The vegetables and salad dressings may be prepared with honey, as well as the traditional dessert of honey cake or honey lekach. Honeyed Carrots 3 tablespoons vegetable oil 6 cups sliced carrots 3 tablespoons orange juice 1/2 teaspoon salt 1/4 tetispoon dry ginger 1/4 cupnoney Combine aU ingredients in a saucepan; cover and cook over low heat for 25 minutes, stirring occasionally.
Honey French Dressing 3/4 cup vegetable oil 1/4 cup lemon juice 1/2 cup honey 1/2 teaspoon Worcestershire sauce 1/4 teaspoon pepper; salt to taste 1/4 teaspoon paprika 1/4 teaspoon aiy mustard 1/2 teaspoon celery seeds strip of lemon rind, zest only Place all ingredients in a blender or food processor.- Cover and blend at high speed until smooth. Honey Cake 1 teaspoon instant coffee crystals 1 cup Doiling water 3/4 cup vegetable, oil 1/2 cup sugar . 1/2 cup honey 3 eggs 1 teaispoon vanilla 2 cups flour 1 tablespoon baking powder 1/2 teaspoon baking sqda 1 teaspoon cinnamon 1/4 teaspoon ground cloves pinch of salt i/2 cup chopped pecans optional: 1/2 cup white raisins Combine coffee cnrstals and water; stir until dissolved. Combine oil, sugar, honey, eggs and vaiiilla, and beat with an electric inixer on low speed until well mixed. Combine dry ingredients and add alternately with the coffee to the ejat nuzture. Beat two minutes. Stir in pecans and raisins ifaiBsired. Spoon into a lightly greased and floured 10-inch tube pan. Bake in a 360-degree oven 40-46 minutes. Cool in pan on wire rack 10 minutes. Remove from pan and cool. Sprinkle with powdered sugar. Honey LeKach 3-1/2 cups flours 1-1/2 teaspoons baking powder; pinch of salt 1 teaspoon baking soda 1/2 teaspoon cinnamon 1/2 teaspoon nutmeg 1/8 tea8[>oon cloves 1/4 teaspoon ginger 4 eggs 3/4 cup sugar 1/4 cup vegetable oil 1-1/2 cups honey 1/2 cup strong coffee 1-1/2 cup chopped nuts Comlune all dry ingredients and set aside. In another bowl, beat the eggs until foamy with an electric mixer; add sugar gradually and beat until thick and li{;ht in color. Beat in oil, honey and coffee. Stir in the flour nuxture and nuts. Oil and line with foil two 9x6x3-inch loaf pans. Spoon batter into pans and bake in a 325-degree oven for 60 minutes or until a toothpick inserted in the center comes out clean. Cool on rack before removing from pans.
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Happy New Year! Harold. Linda, Amy, Kathy, Joy and Jill
A Happy New Year Les and Jan Schneiderman KB FtMNls. Inc« £upplying Institution and Rataurant Food Service Needs 4330 SOUTH 102NO STREET. OMAHA. NEBRASKA 66127
lif Happy New Year from
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733 5353
WISHING OUR FRIENDS and Customers A Most Happy New Year
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1st Level Westroads Low-Fat, Low-Cholesterol Honey Cake (from the Lipid Research Clinic, V. of Iowa) 2 tablespoons oil 1 cup honey 2 egg whites, slightly beaten 2 cups flour 2 teaspoons baking powder; pinch of salt 1 cup pran 1 cup pineapple juice 1/2 cup chopped pecans In a large mixing bowl, blend together oil, honey and egg whites. In a separate bowl, stir Hour, baldn^ powder, salt and bran together. Add flour mixture and pinemple juice all at once to honey mixture. Stir until dry mgredients are just moistened. Fold in the nuts. Spoon batter mto a lic^tly oiled 9x6x3-incb loaf p«in. Bake in a preheated 3S0-degree oven for 50-60 minutes or until cake pulls away from sides of pan. Naomi Arbit of Milwaukee, Wis., is an author of seven cookbooks and a teacher of cooking. '.',>r;4r^n:l5ftS3.?''S'-'-V .:"
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Best Wishes
5748
1987-88
Women's American ORT Presidents
John Kappert Co.
Vice presidents
,
Food Brokers 13747 "F" St.
330-0910
n^h^^ A Happy and Healthy New Year from the law firm of
Oliver B. PoUak and
Julie A. Frank
Secretary Treasurer Financial secretary
Amit Women President Vice presidents.
SALON 402/397-3900
8601 West Dodge Road, Omaha, Nebraska 68114
Sylvia Ross Sarah Lewis Sarah Landsman Julia Ziiker Rose Fine Fay Sekar Gayle Wezelman Jeanette Nadoff
Program Corresponding secretary Dues secretary Treasurer Adviser
Hatikvah Chapter President Vice presidents Fund-raising
Georgia Ann Steinberg Ida Mann Betty Levy Bert Levey Annette Fettman .Reva Ruderman Ruth Babendtire Jean Epstein • • Marion Strauss Jeanette Nadoff Marion Strauss Charlotte Kaplan
Membership Program Treasurer Dues secretary Secretary Bulletin Directors
lieUai/ue NURSERY, INC. Complete Landscape Service Planning - Planting - Transplanting Maintenance 238-2720
Wishing You a Happy New Year
President Vice presidents Membership Program Recording secretary Treasurer Na'amat chairman Historian Public relations Moms & Tots
Hevi Year Greetings from
JACOBSON FISH CO., INC. Anne Gerber Eddie Epstein Stuart Hart
David Gerber Terry Battiato
Strving Ane Mandarin, Szechwan dishes
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byfer CARLJARL Omaha's Security and Locksmith Specialists 393-7800
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1810 NO. 120TH STREET OMAHA, NE. 68154 JACKIE BARNES MONDAY - FRIDAY 10-6 SATURDAY 9-1 BUSINESS 493-0158 RESIDENCE 731-7546
Advisers
Sindie Katskee '.
. .Rita Weinberg Dani Shrago Jean Marshall Maureen Strain Lillian Guss Edith Rogert Helen Schwartz : Kris Schulman Edith Rogert Edith Rog^ert Helen Schwartz Marilyn Tipp
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Kalah Franklin Chapter
Suzi Krajnyak
TEPHEN'S
Cathy Christensen Carol Nathan Denise Ipock Barbara Lukasiewicz Barb Nichols Judy Siff Lyime Saltzman Luna Cygielman
Happy N*w Y«ar
President Vice president Treasurer Secretary
Cantor Leo Fettman Solomon Moses Aron Zeiderman Pam Eisenberg
Committee for Soviet Jewry Co-chairmen
Shirley Goldstein Miriam Simon
W^^ BEST WISHES FOR A HAPPY NEW YEAR!
M
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9100 (• n . On/IHil. ne 681<27 (40Q)59Q-34O0
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A GEZUNTEN YUR, ZEESVEHONIEK,
Nebraska Jewish Historical Society President Vice presidents Administration Public relations Finance and planning Membership TreB8ui«r Recording secretary Dues secretary Museum curator Exec. Dir./Co-founder Co-founder
Saranne Gitnick Sharon Cippetley Jerry Freeman Neal (Buzz) Malashock Esther Canar .Loia Friedman Phyllis Bittnet Audr^ Cohen Rita Novak Lois (Ducky) Milder. Maiy Fellnian Oliver PoUak
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1987-88
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BEST WISHES FOR A HAPPY NEW YEAR Lamps - Shades - Lamp Repair
J. C. Old Timers President Vice president Treasurer Sergeant-at-anns Sunshine chairman Correspondent Ritual chairman
Gerald Bemstien Sam Rosenstein Dave Dvorkin George Schapiro r. .. . Norm Wohlner Henry Stem Charlie Fellman
Jewish Federation Foundation Chairman Vice chairmen
Murray H. Newman David L. Friedman Joseph Kirshenbaum Endowment director Jerry Rosen Board of Trustees ... Pennie Z. Davis, Don Greenberg, Joan Lehr, Jeanette Nadoff, Harlan J. Noddle, Dennis S. Paley, Marvin Polikov, Steven J. Riekes, Ted M. Seldin, Suzanne Singer, Norman Veitzer
Gifts for all iiccaslons. Personal Altenlion In Yuur Selecllons 611 UEL-AIR PLAZA l2Uih and CKNTKR STREET OMAHA. NKH. 6H144
Wewdsh a happy and New "tear! COMMERCIAL LITHOGRAPHING CO. 3716 Leavenworth Street Omaha
MEN • WOMEN CHILDREN
National Council of Jewish Women President Past president President-elect Vice presidents Public affairs/Education Membership Ways and means Publicity Commimity service Corresponding secretary Recor(Ung secretary Treasurer Parliamentarian/Byrlaws Dues secretary Financial secretaries
Honorary Honorary Directors £Uie
Adult Class: Tue. & Thurs. 8-9 p.m. Special Peewee Class:
6-12 years old More Information call Main School 48th & Dodge 551-5577 alter 10:30 a.m. F»U lUgtrtraM— StrMmg W»w
MAYFAIR TEXTILES. INC. Good HeaWh and Happiness throughout the New Year JACK E. COHEN MARV BROOKSTEIN SPENCER BROOKSTEIN 1123 Howard 346-5388
Carol Katzman Sharon Cipperley .Bobbi Leibowitz
Carol Bloch Judy Farber Debbie Friedman Susie Landow Linda Novak ..;...... Bert Meyers Darlene Golbitz Pam Cohn Ann Goldstein Sandy Epstein Donna Hersch Diane Malashock Natha Waldbauin Bunny Rothenberg Joye Wees president ... Lillian Farber vice president Lois Friedman Cheryl Cooper, Sue Meyers, Penner, Dottie Rosenblum, Connie Slutzky
Hadassah Co-presidents
Ellen Albin Conine Levin
Vice presidents Education Fund raising ... ; Local services Membership Treasurer Financial secretary Recording secretary Corresponding secretary Parliamentarian Region Vice president Treasurer Zionist affairs.
Julee Katzman Kathy Rapoport Maxine Noodell Faye Ruback Beverly Franklin Susie Shyken Judy Katzman Maggie Gerber Anne Katzman «>^r.. . Sandy Kohll Judy Katzman Anne Katzman
V.E.S. (Older Adults) President Vice presidents First Program Publicity Treasurer Secretaries Recording Dues Donations Sergeant-at-arms Historian Courtesychairman
May the sound of the Shofar Usher a Year of Health Happiness and Peace
Leah Siegel Rosaline Epstein Dr. M. Margolin SaUy Venger Reva Oruch Kay Ferer ,. Ina Levich Frieda Krizelman Fannie Gummers Ann Margolin Sadie Kohn Al Oruch Ida Zoorwill Toni Kutcher
CAPITOL LIQUORS, INC. 14549 Grover
333-6200
, Bartiara J. Feltman Presklent Omaha Wholesaler Budwelser • Bud Light - Michelob MIchelob Ught • Natural Ught - LA Michelob Clastic Daifc - Busch
1^
S*pt. It, 1987
Jewish Pr«M
•2
Omaha Organizations
.^^BDLCC '^
ANTI-DEFAMATION LEAGUE OF B'NAI B'RITH COMMUNin REUTIONS COMMITEE OF THE JEWISH FEDERATION OF OMAHA
L'Shana Tova from the ADL/CRC. Wishing the Jewish Community a good and healthy New Year! E. Robart Newman President
Ylbak Santit Director
Barbara Frohman Assistant Director
Happy New Year
5748
1987-88
Friedel Jewish Academy Co-chairmen
Forrest Krutter Jerry Gordman Bob Eisenberg Lynne Saltzman Dr. Steven Rothenberg Mike Katzman Jody Goldstein
Vice president Secretary . , • Treasurer Past president Educational director
United Talmud Torah Chairman Gary Parilman Vice chairinan Susan Silver Treasurer Gary Rifkin Secretary Beth Leeds Board members Shirly Bauier, Pam Friedlander, Carol Nathan, Susan Paley, Leon Shrago, Stephen Skid, Marilyn Tipp, Robert Wolfson Ez-officio Board members Manny Goldberg, Ozzie Nogg, Rabbi Paul Drazen, Rabbi Isaac Nadoff, Gloria Kaslow, Margo Riekes
Emily and Rebecca Sternberg invite you to join them at NA'AMAT USA Moms and Tots New group forming now! for more details call Edith Rogert 571-3017 Kris Schulman 571-2452
tPAvel.
inc.
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Lobby: Mon-Fri.. 9 am to 4:30 p.m.
Sat., 9 a.m. to Noon
brive-ln: Mon.-Frl., 7:30 a.m. to 6 p.m.
Sat. 9 a.m. to Noon
4100 South 27th Street 423-2361
r
Happy New Year
OLSON BROS. INC.
SHEET METAL AND ROOFING CONTRACTORS Since 1898
Epstein Morgan Post No. 260 Commander Sr. vice commander Jr. vice commander Adjutant Quartermaster Chaplain Service officer Judge advocate Americanism officer Membership chairman Program & VAVS chairman Historian
Sam Rosenstein Keith Peltz Sol Mann Henry Stern Nate Marcus Dr. Milton MargoUn Iz Lewis Sam Kaplan Bill Pachman George Schapiro Iz Levis Don Strauss
Presidium
Membership vice president Corresponding secretary Financial secretary Treasurer Coimselor
Marion Strauss Beth Friedman Frieda Krizelman Beverly Franklin Allison Latenser Corrine Levin Mike Block Goldye Goldberg Beth Friedman
Cornhusker Lodge Co-presidents :
David T. Siegel Myron Kaplan Treasurer Len Schultz Guardian Gerald Meyer Membership secretary .Marvin Abramson Directors Richard Diamond, Steve Zalkin, David Rips Trustees Al Abramson, Frank Goldberg, Robert Hurwitz, Stan Krieger, Stave Riekes, James I. Wax
PEOPLE
Henry Monsky
HAMMMMt STOHC!
29tfi & West Broadway Council Bluffs, Iowa
Across the 1-480 Bridge 323-6822 •js i •:- -jrsa3s^sim!ii
8424 West Center Rd. Omaha, NE 68124
£ ^wclxy • ^oLcL Chaini. SELECTION-SERVICE—SATISFACTION
B'nai B'rith Women
A JOYOUS NEW YEAR
397-4448
LOVE Volunteer coordinator & co-chairman Helen Shukert Co-chairman Lee Jane Parsow Steering committee :. . Ann Belmont, Phyllis Bittner, Joan Bernstein, Lucille Frohm, Bemice Horwich, Nancy Pearlman, Gerri Phillips, George Schapiro, Harry Schulman, Miriam Simon, Lucille Zelinsky
B'nai B'rith
2651 St. Marys Ave. 341-2360
May your New Year abound with Peace & Contentment
President .Harding ColUs Treasurer Mark Sweet Officer»-at-large Gary Gerelick, Marc Kraft, Bob Goodman, Gary Ostrow, Jim Bresel, Dave Katz, Steve Epstein Immediate past president Rich Juro Trustees Ira Trachtenbarg, Steve Epstein; Ed Rosen, Alan Hackel. Earl Siegel
2453 S. 132nd
Mon-Fri. 10-6
334-8106
Sat. 10-4
QUIKfypiK The store for all your last minute shopping needs... from breakfast to break the fast. Open 6 a.ni. 'til 1 a.m. 7 days a week including holidays Milk • Eggs • Pop • Chips Beer^ Wine • Liquor Keg Beer • Pizza • Sandwiches Candy • Cigarettes 108lh& Center Omaha, NE .1 * 397-2414
gOth&Centei Omaha, NE 393-0262
*
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BBYO 5748 1987-88 Cornbelt Council AZA Aleph Godol (President)
Mike Levine
Mother Chapter AZA i.mr
Studio One Photography;
Aleph Aleph Aleph Aleph
Godol (President) Mike Levitan S'gan (Vice president) Ari Riekes Mazkir Gizbor (Sec./Treas.) Bert Cohen Morim (Rush chairmen). .. Michael Rosenblatt Alan Kricsfeld, Dan Millimet
TO OUR FRIENDS AND CUSTOMERS
Chaim Weizman AZA #510 Aleph Aleph Aleph Aleph Al^
Godol (President) S'gan (Vice president) Maskir Gizbor (Treasurer) Morim (Rush Chairmen)
David Leibowitz Rob MiUimet Noah PoUak Larry Kirshenbaum Scott Kqtlan Matt Kirshenbaum
Le Cafe de Parts 1228 S 6th
344-0227
Cornbelt Council BBG MID CITY BANK
N'siah (President)
Rachel Shkolnick
Ediar BBG jf^lO N'siah (President).... : Susie Gurwitch S'ganit (Vice president) Amy Zuber Mazldrah (Secretary) Amy Zuber Gizbarit (Treasurer) Marci Luefschuetz Aym Ha-Chavairot (MIT Moms) Wendy Sheldon Rachel Goldberg
McLlyinond
i ! lU Uuugixs Oil The MilJ Omjha, VFf.«l02 4n2'34l-5454
M.Z. Yoshanah BBG #053 N'siah (President) S'ganit (Vice president) Mazkirah/Gizborit (Sec./Treas.) Aym Ha-Chavairot (MIT Moms)
MAY THE SHARING IN THE WINE ENHANCE THE PROSPECTS FOR THE NEW YEAR.
Lisa Schulman Jenny Chandler Lisa Hurwitz Trudi Seiner Robyn Epstein
• ?»"f"?<;«A'-^'a':
Cornbelt Council BBYO Advisory Board Chairman Director
Ellen Gordman Carol Kaplan
The words of the heart By Rabbi J. Kaiser Council Bluffs B'nai Israel Synagogue The following has been edited for length.
We live in a place and time which allows us more freedom than perhaps mankind has experienced ever before. Yet, for some reason, despite our seeming freedom on the outside, most of us function as if we lived in one of the most repressive aodetisB in the world. I am not referring to political views but ra^r the day-today feelings, emotions, thou^ts and sensibilities which really make up and influence our lives. How many h-iendships have been lost, how many marriages have been ended, how many wars have begun simply for lack of a genuine word? How often have we suffered with situations we cannot stand when a few simple words lovingly said could easily have relieved us and helped another? How many times have we not said the most beautiful words in the world—"I love you"—when their simple expression would have prevented the pain of suffering insecurity and anxiety? On the other^ huidf how often do we utter social formalae: totally acceptable and even laudable, yet without meaning to us-and sometimes even antithetical to our real feelings or thought? We think that by withholding our "rfeal" selves, or by making "socially acceptable" state-
ments we are making oiuselves into good citizens, friends, spouses and parents. Soon, the High Holidays will be upon us. Many of us will go to synagogue to hear and/or mouth a lot of "traditional" statements but will we mean and truly understand what we are saying? All too many of us have forgotten the real message of what the holidays are all about. In the mishnah (Yoma 8:9) is a statement which many of us repeat oAch year prior to the chanting of Kol Nidre. This statemeat frames and forms the essence of what occurs on Yom Kippur. It reads in translation as foUows: "For the tmnsgressions between man and Ood, Yom Kippur may effect atonement, but for the transgressions between man and his neighbor, Yom Kippur cannot effect atonement unless the man who committed the offense will, seeh pardon from his neighbor." Atonement, and here I do not play with words—I simply return to the original and genuine meaning—is atone-ment. That is, literally, to be at one with yourself; to be whole. ~ The entire flow, philosophy, and meaning of our religion precludes the compartmentalization of our lives. We can not be at-oned by admiring those who are "successful" in a society which admires the social while constantly quashing the genuine feelings of the individual. ' /I
We wish you and your family a very happy and healthy New Year
Builders Co. 5701 South 72nd Street 331-4500 Vi'S .••;•> • J:W5«3»!:5*f t ^ ?;•
Page 64
Jewish Pr»»»
Sept. 18, 1M7
May the Sweetness of Apples and Honey Follow You Throughout The Year ^
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114tli St. and West Dodge M 493-8800 :!?"-'i'i'*i'frtlfT?®.*":!TC'r:i»;/.
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««pt. ti, 1—7
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In this 200th year of the United States Constitution, Omaha Jewish attorneys sund political sdoitists have reflected upon the constitutional achievement, its limitatioos, its fiiblical precedents and its prosped in yet uncharted times. The predominant concern has been the preservatioii of rdigious liberty fcff a mstorically oppressed ininority. 1; is with special pleasure that we indude the essay of Adam $M1^ a stdlent at Burke High, which earned him an award at the statewioe levA 3;
ie!KB*iij-.-;:.?f5Hta
OUverPoItak
H^U
Pagaee
Jawtah Pi«M
S«pt. IB, 1M7
The few must not dictate the extent of our personal freedoms Lawrence D. Gendler u the Deputy Sarpy County Attorney and an adjunct faculty member of Bellevue College where he teaches buainesB law. Mr. Gendler is assigned to juvenile court, child abuse and neglect prosecutions. He was recipient of the 1986 Prosecution Award for Juvenile Court and Community Activity Involvement, presented by the Nebraska Crime Commission and Governor Bob Kerrey. Mr. Gendler is a member of the Nebraska Bar Association, the National Council of Juvenile and Family Court Judges, the Nebraska County Attorney's Association, the Nebraska : Juvenile Justice Association and the Nebraska Council for Children and Youth. He has served on the boards of directors of a variety of youth related organizations. By Larry Gendler Two hundred years ago our forefathers unveiled to a
fledgling republic a document capable of withstanding the test of time. Many of those present, most notably Benjamin Franklin, wondered aloud if the country could adhere to the noble principles and radical ideas it embraced. The First Amendment, written by James Madison, guaranteed the citizenry freedom of religion. That right has been interpreted and reinterpreted at the expense of many religious minorities, including our own. For Jews these freedoms, guaranteed 200 years ago, are today jeopardized by the interpretations of a select few bent on making their way our way. Religious zealots, perverting (Air Constitution, have drifted in and out of our living rooms since America first went to the airwaves. Over 50 years ago. Father Charles E. Caughlin broadcast the "Golden Hour of the Little Flower" on the CBS radio network. His audience was so vast that within a short time he received more mail than President Roosevelt. Strip away the show biz hype, the computer-assisted visual effects and the merchandising schaoe of today's evangelists, and left exposed are a greedy few seeking power and control the old fashioned way: Father Catighlin's way.
CONTINENTAL FIRE SPRINKLER COMPANY • • • •
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Wishing Everyone A Happy
and Prosperous New Year You cant do better than Park Place!
:>'l/;.uatlir;-V:t;,- Vl;:-
In our schools, fundamentalists are attacking text books for preaching secular humanism, and they are winning. Two area suburban school district candidates were recently elected because of their stands against secular humanism. In Alabama, Judge Hand tossed aside recognized pieces of literature because they espoused a humanistic philosophy tantamount to religious conversion. No longer can our teachers solely teach. They are under attack on one side i(tt being insensitive to minority religions; yet they are criticized on the other side for preaching a religion, secular humanism, a term that baffles professionals inside and outside education. To protect our rights, we must not embrace the wrongs of others. A menorah erected on public property is just as unconstitutional as a cross erected on a dty building. Silent prayer in public schools may be comfortable for our children, but it may not be for the daughter of an agnostic. And voting for a candidate because of a stance on one issue ignores the virtues of a political system our forefathers intended. i> •
(Continued on Page 74)
tapl i«, 1M7
^^nSr two
»ir
centuries, we still have no constitutional definition of religion
Novit Evaaa U m ttpMica anta argued that the dominant meaaage of a number of la a broader senaa, this iMlanimi reflecte a I •dnca at Crcightoa Univtrpublic school teztboolu was a secular approach to values, biguity witfaia our constitntiend vahiea. To Mk» raiir •ity. Site received her emphaaiting the autonomy of choios, the diverdty of ion namwty wauU be to dsuy eanatitutianal prstaHkm to baekelor'e aid maater'a valuaa, and human centered standards for evahuitian. Col- psraoos whaaa baUaii ware noatraditkinaL WMr, our dcgreee fraa Talaae Uaivw Isctively terming this approach "aecular humaniam," the couits have chosM BBvar to rvla an the verad^ «fhaiiefs; dty aad kar PkJ) from ih» pannta argued that it represented a vahia system which thqr have cansistaMJy rarpgwiaad that no dvfl aaUurity Uaivmity af Plttabu«h. Ska functioiMd as a religion. Hence, govemnMnt ahoukl be for ou|^ to rule on the truth or fstalty of anyone's Wlh, nor U a iMMbar of the Nebraaka bidden by the eetablishmant clauae from promothig tUs U Jny any ajncarabaiever oonstitutional prirtirthn aimEqual Opportunity ComniiarsUgion at the expense of traditional Chriatianity. Earlier ply becauas Us battab aniear strange to othssa. aioD and lerved at vice chairthis year, theee parents persuaded a federal district court Oivsn both the riUcioos diveraity of our socte^ aad demaa in 1966 aad chaimaa hi in MotMle, Ala., that the offending hooka violated the es- valopoMnta fai modeirn UiealaMrvit would be a gnr«« mis1966. AMHHig Ma. Evana areas tablishment clause by estaUiahing secular humaniam as take to Unit our oenatitutioaal protectiona to tiMMs who of epedaUsatioii are United the prevailing religion of the public schools. proiaas a traditioaial undentanding of God. Bufe^l SUtaa Coaatitntioaal UitenM«At an immediate level the Alabama cass poaee a dilemma expand the daOnitkn of niigian to hichide aO I tetiaai awl Uaited SUt«* CivU for public educators. If they teach traditional religious "foadasMntd conotms," than is no way to < Hlghta aMi Uhertiea PoUdea. valuee, they are undoubtedly guilty of estabUshiag tradi- the eonstittttional protsdaon-as way to distl^pliah th« j Sha haa paUkhad vtidae. book tional raiii^ and viokting the establishmsnt dauae. If syMgogiM frwn the fsotbaH etndhun. If the apMial proaad daMvared a amahar of coafaraace Ml. Evaaa they steer dear of traditional religion, that very oaission tsetion guaranteed to rsiigiaa is to bs meanim;ML Ihsn ws haa parttdpatad ia ptafeaaiowd imblic lectarM is a violatimt, because it appears to prefer secular to reli- muat bs aUa te diatingi^ah Hiician from othwMMsnu. aad poat gradaate atady. Yet evary attenvt to do ao iisrfts the very proteitfanB we gious interpretations. By Betta Novit Evaaa, PhJ>. If secular vahies sre openly eepoused, this, toe, estabTUa is a ooMrtitutional aoUgui^ ths Pranwn«taU not DqMrtBMBt of poHticd adMaee Mshas the nligiaa of secular humanism. It appean that the have SBtfcipatsd; yet our constant need to affiy their Crcightaa Ualvarrftjr wards to wpriktiaiaiaexac% what ksapsthsaHiwhunHM vary first lines of our Bifl of lU^ta offer apedal pro- public schoob fiwl thsmselvas in a Mad in which nsthfaig tectiaas to religioiu baliefe and activitiea not offered to any they do can avoid conflicting with the First Amen^nent. drsd year old worda alive for aa. othff kinds of commitments: "Coograsa riuJl make no law respecting an estaMishment of raligion, or prohibiting the free axerdaa thereof." How are ws to know which activitieo receive this spedsl proteetioa, and wliich do not? For aianyla, the public adMols era aiperted to excuse my children for attendance ci High Holiday sarvicea bnt are not expected to excuse a child for attending a football game or a musk lesson—evn if the child's parents have stronger feeUngs about football or mnac than I may have about holiday obsarvsnces. But idtat makes attendance at a synagogue "rdigious" and attendance at a football stadium noanUgiaus? Is it the depth of the pertidpant's fesKngaT Is it the kinds of ceremonies conducted? Is it the community's traditional understandingT Is it the nature of the beUefia espoused? AH of these altetnativea arefrau^t with dsngM-; yet our courts have to nils whether some disputed baisf or practice deeervee the apedal protections oflsred te rdigiona. In qiite of all the oontzoveraise about the religioo clauses during the past two ceoturiss, deriding what constitutes a religion has rsrely been a proUMn — ontfl racently. During most of our hista^r, a raicfaia was undirstood to mean a theistk belief, based on faith in « deity as nndarstood by UJA P>>M Svil* rk«to Ina Ua UMiknMn* Christianity Mid Judaism. The Fhuooan of the ConstituFrom tenta to temporary hoaaiag to large acele developnaenta, bnildia* m hos>e.fai E>«ts Yiarael has bs« the tion were thinking largely in terms of interdenominational dream ot every new immigrant. The coaatnaetion ahown in thia photo^a^ hdlped to hriag the totd Ip lt63 conflicts among Protestants when they wrots the clauses; the vfim txpHiiAYt,fil tbtm WKl||efa|$»d |;hsik.tiM clinuee to 86,O0P permanent hooahig naita SMI 69,000 temporary waits baUt dmtt liMI. Thaa, as now, AmertevK Jews thrOiglllHithlMM Jewish Appeal/FederatloB Campaign have wodwd to hdp build a foundation fertle hi encompiused CAhcJics and Jtwii ii w«IL As our Obdety the Jswiah homdaad. became more diverse, we had little tnmUa extending the dauses' protections to othsr nudor Mligiaiis. However, as conten^Mrary U^eology contemplated nontheistic religious belief 8, and as Oln^«ociety came to cncampass people whose faiths did not fit hto any traditioBal major faiths, the courts have had to fao* a proUsm the framers probaUy could not have imagined:, deriding what is a rdigion. In 1961, the court ruled that noBtlwiBtk beliefs — those not based on belief in a God—deeoved coostitational protection. Then, two cases concerning cnoscientious objection to the Vietnam War broadened the ixotectian even more. The Selective Service Act granted exemptions from military service to persons who, by reason of religious training and belief—"belief in relation to a Supmne Being"— i are coosdenttously opposed to participation in war in any form. In applying this provision, the U.S. Supreme Court interpreted the phrase "in relation to a Supreme Being" in a way "intended to embrace all religions." The test of belief "in relation to a Supreme Being" ia whether « given belief that is sincere and meaningful occupies a plaoe in the life of its possessor that is parallel to that filled by the orthodox bdief in God of one who clearly qualifies for the exenq)tion. In a similar case a few years later, the Court said, "if an individual deeply and sincorely holds beliefs which are purely ethical or moral in source and ccmtent but nevertheless impose upon him a duty of conscience to refrain frt>m partidpation in war at any time, those beliefs certfunly occupy in the life of that individual a place parallel to that filled [by] God in traditionally reUgioos persons," Essentially the court was HoHnfaj a reUgion not by the content of the belief, but by the function the bdief performed in the life of the p«w>n—a conception which borrowed from the theok>gian Paul TiUich'a nolion of religion as ultimata concern. This expanaion ia cleariy necessazy to ensure that free exercise (j rsUjdon is guaranteed in • religjoosly phwal so'dety; neverthaless, tt nbte boundary problems. If religion ia daSned by tbf ftmction of the baM rather than by jtM contaiVtiini aiiy ultimats aiati of vahies should nuaUfy for pratectjoH OMlsr dn free •xacriae daase. I While the fresexefdae dims prottctardigioui beliefs, ^le establishment clause prohiUts govtmment from ad.vandng those bdieA. Govenuncat may neither interfere It!s a special time pf the week when families !with nor promote religions. But if rdigien is defined as any gather, traditions ate renewed and therete ultimate set of values, then anything government does to plenty of time to relax and enjoy the rich, promote those values may run afoul of the eetabliahment delicious taste of Maxwell House* Coffee. clause. '"• The controvsrsy regarding public school textbooks proIt couldn't be anything but Shabtxis dinner vides an example of how dangerous this double edged sword can be. Clearly,the indusion of reUgioiu values in the public 8cho<^l curricula would be an uocpnstitutional establishment of rdigion. A group of fundamentalist Christian parBMU
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Steven J. Riekes was graduated cum laude trom Brandeis University and received I his LLB from Harvard Law I School. He is a partner in '. Richards, Riekes, Brown and Zabin, P.C. He belongs to the Omaha, Nebraska and American Bar Associations and has been active in civic and communal organizations. Mr. Riekes is a member of the I boards of the Nebraska Jewish Historical Society, the B'nai | B'rith International Commission on Continuing Jewish | Education, the Jewish Educational Service of North America and the Budget and Allocations Committee of the . Jewish Federation of Omaha. He is chairman of the Federation's Bureau of Jewish Education Financial Aid Committee and of the Federation Foundation's Professional Advisory Committee. He is also a trustee of Comhusker Lodge of B'nai B'rith. Mr. Riekes and his wife, Margo, have a daughter, Suzanne, and a son, Ari. By Steven J. Riekes As our nation celebrates the 200th anniversary of Our .Constitution, we of the American Jewish community should mark the occasion with particular joy. Two centuries of adherence to this remarkable document has enabled this country to have a society of unparalleled freedom and equality. For Jews of the Diaspora, this has been a rare experience. The American Constitution is perhaps more important today than ever before. Whatever the abuses of power by the European monarchs in the days that the Constitution was written, they pale in comparison to those of the Fascist and Communist totalitariah regimes that we have witnessed in this century. Our Constitution assumes that the proper role of government must be a limited and prescribed
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one. In totalitarian regimes, on the other hand, the role of to develop adequately any concept of individual responsigovernment is all pervasive, with attempts to regulate biUty. thought as well as action. It if at thia point that we American Jews may profitaThe Constitution grants individuals certain inalienable bly look toward and appreciate our own unique heritage. rights, even against the state. Such a concept is inconceiv- For historical and other reasons, Jewish law spends httle time dealing with the relationship of the individual to the able in the Soviet Union. While it is exceedingly important that we cherish our free- powers of government. Instead, Jewish law places its dom and that we uphold the concept of individual liberty emphasis upon the relationship of individuals to one vis-a-vis governmental power, that is not the whole story. another and to God. While freedom is an essential concept It is also necessary to examine what our Constitution does within Judaism, nevertheless, it is the pursuit of justice not do. Our Constitution gives individuals rights, but that is its chief concern. Jewish law is unique in that its primary focus is on the except for officials of government, it does not address individual behavior. With few exceptions, it does not set individual and not the state. It is further unique because it demands that each individual study, daily, the Law. Why forth any duties by citizens. For example, while the Constitution gives all citizens the such an unusual requirement? One answer is that Jewish privilege of voting, it does not compel them to vote. While law requires everyone to study the Law because it is importhe Constitution requires the government to act with due tant that each person know his responsibilities in life. Those process of law, it does not require the individual citizen to responsibilities include obligations to one's neighbors, one's treat his neighbor with fairness and decency. While the Con- family, and one's business associates as well as to the comstitution requires the government to act with equality, it munity and to humanity in general. Further, all this condoes not require the individual citizen to give respect to stant study is designed to enable Jews to internalize a set all other citizens without regard to race, religion or ethnic of behavioral norms. By emphasizing an individual's re^ background. sponsibilities, Jewish law strives to produce righteous conWhile the Constitution grants us the right of political duct. Justice, as contrasted with freedom, depends heavassembly, it does not compel us to take part in or even to ily upon individual behavior. Obviously, we cannot, nor should we want to, imiMse the be interested in the affairs of our community. While the government caimot take our property without just com- Jewish experience on American society as a whole. pensation, we are not required to share one iota of our Nevertheless, it is essential that we, along with our fellow wealth with those who are in need or to otherwise act with citizens, fashion appropriate vehicles to develop a sense of charity. While we are given the right of free speech, we are responsibility in our citizenry. Many American Jews spend not prohibited from saying that which is cruel or outra- a great deal of time and effort worrying about the separation of church and state when they hear fundamentalists geous. The list could go on. decry the problems of a society without values. While we Every day we witness more scandal and corruption and may justifiably disagree with the solutions of the funthe moral decay of our institutions. Success is measured damentalists, nevertheless, a society preoccupied with the in terms of wealth and fame and not of ability or righteous- self-centered values of the "me generation" presents a real ness. The dockets of our courts are crowded with individ- and serious problem. We may abhor govermnental interuals demanding every conceivable right against their - government or others. In short, our society has neglected (Continued on Page 72)
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Women, the Constitution and ERA Julie A. Frank ia a ((raduate of the Univeraity of Texas and Creighton Univeraity School of Law. She is a partner in the law firm of Pollali and Franli and has appeared on radio and television law-related programs. She is married to Howard N. Kaplan. By Julie Frank In 1987, this country celebrates the bicentennial of the United States Constitution. As we collectively reflect upon this "great" document, it is important to note that many of the fundamental rights which are taken for granted were not a part of the document originally ratified. In fact, many of the fundamental concepts of liberty did not become part of the United States Constitution until December 15,1791, some four years after the original Constitution.
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For example, the bedrock of religious freedom in this country, the First Amendment, was not a concept adopted with the original Constitution. Likewise, protections for freedom of speech and the right to freely associate; were not a part of the original document. Many other of the basic conc^ts of liberty and protection which citizens attribute to the Constitution were added almost as an afterthought. The life process of the Constitution has been one of dynaqiic change which can be seen most recently in the failed movement for an Equal Rights Amendment. Like so many great and historic events and movements in this country, Jewish leaders and Jewish individuals were involved in the forefront of the Equal Rights Amendment process. It was not until 1920 and the passage of the Nineteenth Amendment that women in this country gained the right to vote. Three years later, Alice Paul, founder of the National Women's Party, helped draft the first Equal Rights Amendment. Although the adoption of suffrage was still
fresh in th« mind, the National Women's Party had very limited aucosM in promoting the anoendment. In 1936, the House of Rcpresentativee subcommittee endorsed the ERA; in 1938, the Judiciary Committee reported it out to the floor; and in 1940, the Republican party endorsed the Ameodinent. In 1946, the Amendment failed to achieve the 2/3 vote in the Senat« necessary for adoption. The Amendment did not resurface with any great popularity until the 1960'8 brought a revival of the women's movement. The most recent version of ERA was approved by the Senate on March 22, 1972. Even before the amendment's approval, Jewish groups and Jewish women were involved in efforts to focua attention on equal rights for women. Betty Friedan, one of the founders of the National Organization for Women (NOW), was in the vanguard of women's issues in those early years. Immediately after the amendment's adopti(m by the Senate, little effort or allocation of resources was expended in lobbying for its ratilicatioD. Early approval of the amend(Contlnued on Page 71)
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••0. U, 1M7 (CoBtiBBtd from Page 70) mat by Uw varioua tUt«a came aaaily. It waa not until April of 1973 that it became clear that i more active effort would be neceesary to obtain ratification by 1979, the original rinadUnn aet by Congreea. The Jawiah effort in spurring the ERA was multifaceted ID its 1982 publication ERA-The time has come, the American Jewiah Congreas proclaimed that "in 1972 the American Jewish CoBgnaa (not only its Women's Division) waa the first national Jewish organitation to take an official stand in favor of ERA." By 1978. LUith, a Jewish feminist magazine reported that the following organisations had comniitted themselves not to hold conventions in states which had not then ratified the ERA: American Jewish Congress; American Jewish Conunittee; Association of Jewish Family Services and Children's Agencies; B'noi B'rith Women, Mid-Atlantic Region; International Conference on Gay and Lesbian Jews; National Council of Jewish Women; National Jewish Community Relations Advisory Council; and the Union of American Hebrew Congregations. At the same time, Audrey Friedman Marcus, editor of Altemativee in Religious Education, had spearheaded a successful movement to haye the National Association of Temple Educators cancel their 1978 confer-
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ence in lUinois, in unratitied state. As the 1979 deadline for ratification marched forward, many women's groups and supporters of the ERA were urging that an extension be granted in order to gain ratification by the final few states necessary for complete adopti<m into the Constitution. Many Jewish groups joiDed the call In 1978, at least six Jewish organizations had announced support for such an extension, including B'nai B'rith Women; Jewish Labor Committee; Jewish Peace Fellowship; National Council of Jewish Women; National Jewish Community Relations Advisory Council; and the National Jewish Welfare Board. Formal declarations of support by Jewish groups and Jewish individuals were joined by personal and practical acts of support. One example was the controversy within the Central Conference of American Rabbis in holding its 90th convention in Arizona, an ratified state. Rabbi Judea B. Miller of Rochester, NY called for a general boycott of the convention. While the convention was actually held as scheduled (the contract for the hotel was signed some four years before the convention was scheduled), six female rabbis expressed their disappointment that the Conference had not chosen to manifest its stated support for ERA
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through the boycott of unratified stalas. The six fsiuale rabbis who publicly shared thtir diaconteat with their fellow members were Rabbis SaUy Priaaand, Karen Fox, Uura GeUer, Rosalind Ootd, Myra Sefar and Deborah Prinz. While the majority of Jewish groups supported ratification of the ERA, not all Jewish group* did. In 1978, the Union of Orthodox Jewish CongregatioiM of Amaricjs submitted testimony to a Senate Committee (qipoaing the extension of the deadline for ratification. TUa group oppoeed the ERA on religious grounds, saying it "would mandate that the separation of the sexes in siich facilities as parochial schools and houses of worship be disallowed." However, the majprity of Jewish groups supporting the Amendment's ratification probably did so for the reasons stated by Betty Friedan in her speech to the female rabbis' caucus at the 90th Convention of Central Conference of American Rabbis where she stressed that lobbying efforts on behalf of the ERA should be a priority of American Jews. "The enemy of the Jews and the enemy of women are one and the same enemies ... The despotism (of extreme right wing groups) is very bad for the Jews and it's very bad for women."
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8«pl. IB. 1987
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The Jewish tradition of limited government and American constitutional law Forrest N. Knitter ia General Counsel of various Berkshire Hathaway insurance sabsidiaries. He has held various positions in the Union Padfic Rail road Law Department including Anti-trust Counsel. Mr. Kruttcr holds a J.D. cum laude from Harvard University, a master of sdoice in civil engineering and a bachelor of science in economics from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and a bachelor of Jewish education cum laude from Boston Hebrew College. In addition to his legal practice, he is active in various oommnnity activities, chairs the Beth El Ritual Committee and OHJiairs the Friedel Jewish Academy board of directors. He has written several law review articles on government regulations. By Forrest N. Knitter To the world of 1787, the United States 'Cwistitution was a revdutionary document. Supplemented by the Bill of Rights in 1791, the Constitution provided for a federal government of limited powers., So concerned were our nation's founders with limiting the power of the government they were establishing, that they wrote into the Bill of Rights that any power not specifically granted to the federal government was reserved for the states or for the people. One of the principal purposes of the Constitution was to safeguard individual rights and liberties from abuses of power by the newly-established government. The delegates at the Constitutional Convention established a system of elaborate checks and balances on power including, most importantly, a strong judicial system, to enforce the limits placed in the Constitution on governmental power.
In 8 world of absolute monarchies, the system of limited government crafted in Philadelphia two hundred years ago was considered quite radical. To Jewish law, however, the concept that the powers of the government must be limited and the rights of the individual protected was hardly novel. On the contrary, the concept of limited government has a long tradition in Jewish law. American constitutional law should be seen in an historical context as a further step along the road away from absolute monarchies ruling by a "divine" right of kinds first begun three thousand years ago in the Torah. Jewish law, from its earliest origins, has rejected the concept of absolute government power in favor of the concept of limited government. In Jewish law, the "constitution" is the law handed down to Moses at Sinai as interpreted by rabbinical commentary over the centuries. This "constitution" prohibited ancient Israel's civil government from abusing its powers just as the American Constitution has served as a check on our government's power over its citizens. No Israelite king was permitted to be above the law. In the Book of D'vorim, God prohibits future kings of Israel from amassing great wealth and reminds them that their authority is always subject to the Torah. In fact, the law requires the Israelite king to write his own copy of the Torah as a means of impressing upon him that his authority is not absolute but subject always to the law of Moses. Biblical history is replete with stories of kings being punished or even overthrown for disobeying Jewish law. King Saul, we are taught, lost his throne to David for failing to destroy Amalek. Even the beloved King David was punished twice for disobeying divine law, first for the murder of BatSheva's husband and, second, for conducting an unlawful census. Not only is the Israelite king subject to the Torah, but he ia required to give due honor to the scholars who study Torah and the judges who interpret it. To demonstrate the required respect, Maimonides wrote that a king must rise, in pri-
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vate, before the judges of the Sanhedrin, land in which he lives. In the thirteenth cenJudaism's Supreme Court. This concept of tury, however, as conditions for Jews in subservience of the civil government to a Western Europe worsened, the rabbis were higher law is central to both Jewish civil faced with the question of what limits there govaiunent in the Torah and American can- are on the power of foreign kings; at what point doee the action of a king become "unstitutional law. This central concept of Jewish and Ameri- lawful" and unworthy of the principle that can constitutional law can be seen in a num- a Jew must obey the law of the land. One answer to that question was that ber of contexts. One example of an important American constitutional right for rally a non-discriminatory law which applied which there is a close counterpart in Jew- equally to all inhabitants of the land was ish law is the prohibition on government «)titleid to respect under Samuel's principle. confiscation of a person's property without For example, going back to our previous compensation. While the idea that govern- discussion on confiscation of property, the ment employees might show up at our door- rabbis ruled that if a foreign king confisstep and confiscate our homes, without cated a man's propwty without compensacompensation, is totally alien to our think- tion, this was royal robbery and no Jew was ing today, prior to 1787, governments permitted to purchase such property from generally claimed the power to seize the the king. goods of its citizens for government use. Likewise, it was permissible for a rabbi While New York's hig:he8t court once to evade taxes where taxes were not imquipped that no man's life, liberty, or prop- posed on other clergy, for such a tax was erty was safe while the legislature sat, in discriminatory. reality, the U.S. Constitution has stood for Using this same principle, the rabbis contwo hundred years to guarantee that if the cluded that a secular requirement on all government needed a man'^ property for dowries, both Jewish and non-Jewish, must public use, full compensation for that prop- be enforced by a Jewish court, even though erty would be paid. The fact that the over- not required in a K'tubah (a Jewish marall public good might be served by govern- riage contract), because the law of the state ment ownership of a particular piece of land is the law. On the other hand, a civil law apdoes not give it the right to trample over plicable only to Jewish dowries was disthe rights of the individual. criminatory and not entitled to enforcement While Jewish law did recognize some in a Jewish court even though it was the law limited rights of the king to take private of the state. property for public good in time of war, no The tradition that law must be applied king of Israel ever had carte blanche to take evenhandedly likewise has an honorable tr»= the property of others; the king was always dition in American constitutional law. The subject to the law. In a well-known story Constitution, for example, prohibits Conin the Book of Kings, King Ahab wanted gress from passing a Bill of Attainder, a law the vineyard of his neighbor, Naboth. When which singles out a particular person for Naboth refused to sell. Queen Jezebel punishment. After the Civil War, the Contaunted her husband for his failure to act. stitution was further amended to assure She had been raised in a land where a king that all who lived in this country would rehad absolute power over the lives and prop- ceive equal protection of the law. erty of his subjects. To her, the concept of In a series of decisions over the course of legal limitations on the power of a king was incomprehensible. Consequently, the Queen this century, the Supreme Court has overarranged iat Naboth's murder and the King turned many government actions and regusubsequently seized Naboth's vineyard. To lations which impinge on a small minority the prophet Elijah, however, such action or other politically weak group (including was a grievous sin and Elijah confronted racial and religious minorities, aliens and the King and prophesied the downfall of his illegitimate children), thereby upholding the concept that popolarly-elected governments dynasty (which subsequently occurred.) Likewise, to Maimonides, the concept of must be held to certain bounds. These degovernment seizure of property was ana- cisions are totally consistent with the con-, thema; he coimseled that one could even cept developed over the centuries in Jewperjure oneself if necessary to prevent the ish law that the power of the goveimment Caliph from confiscating a man's property must be limited to protect the weak from the politically powerful. In conclusion, unwithout compensation. American constitutional law and Jewish der both Jewish and American constitulaw both emphasize the need for protecting tional law, the individual is entitled to prothe politically weak and the unpopular. The tection from abuses of government power. Torah is filled with prohibitions on oppress- To achieve this result, both legal systems ing the stranger, the poor, the widow and impose limits on the power of the governthe orphan. As Jewish law evolved in the ment to act—in Jewish law through limits Diaspora, the importance of limiting the written in both the Bible and in rabbmical government's powers over the individual commentary and in American law through also grew. So far, we have considered limits the Constitution. The great achievement of the United in Jewish law on the power of the Israelite King. The sage Samuel, after the destruc- States Constitution is that the founding tion of the Second Temple, had developed fathers were able to take this ctmcept, found the principle that the law of the state is the earlier in Jewish law, and apply it to a secu-. law—that is, with regard to secular matters, lar government in a manner in which it has a Jew must be governed by the law of the lasted for two hundred years.
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(Continued from Page 68) ference, but, if so, we have the responsibility of devising means to permeate our society with moral and ethical concerns that are not government-imposed. We must demand moral concern from our schools, from our artists, from our press, from our businesses, and bom all other institutions in our society. ^ -We Jews can do something further. We can do what we have always done. By our own study, by our own behavior, by our own
concerns, we can set an example. Was it not for this that the Bible states that we have been a chosen people? The values of our Constitution are of tremendous importance to all of us and, indeed, set an example for the entire world. But the values of individual liberty and limited governmental power cannot endure unless our society, once again, discovers from the wellspring of religion, the correlative values of individual righeousness and responsibility.
^ap^y^^iS7/i^ THE VIDEO PEOPLE
from the Jewish Press Board and Staff
r
Sap*. It. 1M7
The Constitution: How does the separation of powers help make it work?
Adam Rod,, Mil aon of Frandnc ••d aadSUrai SUvia Rod. ia a aaaior at Bnrfcc High SchooL He u an honor roll atadcat, a member of the French Honor Society and ha* been inducted into "Who's Who Among Amertcan High School Studenta ' He htm been invited to attend the Congreaaional Youth Leadership Council in Washington, D.C. He is a past officer and active member of the B'nai B'rith Youth Organization. This past summer, Adam spent two weeks at the Nebraska Scholars Institute in Lincoln. He ^___ spent the remainder of the summer working at a publish ing company in New York City. During his junior year at Burke, Adam wrote an essay for Nebrasiia's United States Bicentennial of the Constitution writing competition in which he placed third. His prize-winning essay is repiodnced below. By Adam Rod A legislative, an executive, and a judicial power comprehend the whole of what is meant and understood by government. It is by balancing each of these powers against the other two, that the effort in human nature towards tyranny can alone be checked and restrained and any degree of freedom preserved in the Constitution, -John Adams (1725-1826) A democracy is a form of government in which its citizens are not only free, but sovereign as well. The Constitution was created two centuries ago to establish democracy as the fundamental law of the United States. Today, the Constitution remains vibrant and democracy thrives in this country because the Constitution g<iaranteed every American citizen liberty and individual rights. The Constitution's guarantee of liberty is upheld by its separation of government powers. The separation of government powers (or just the "separation of powers") is perhaps the most "fundamental feature of the Constitution." (Ironically, the separation of powers is not an American conception. Rather, it.was the notion of Montesquieu, an 18th century Frenchman.) It is the equal distribution of the federal government's authority among three branches: a legislative branch—the branch that creates laws, an executive branch—the branch that enforces laws, and a judicial branch—the branch that interprets laws. Certain prerogatives bestowed upon each branch prevent any one branch from becoming superior to the other two,
(or libartv reauirM for the "Dreacrvation "preservation of liberty requirea that tha the thnw three departments of power should be separate and distinct." In other worck, democracy exists in the United States because the government's authority over its citizens is greatly limited by the separation of powers. When there is little or no separation of powers within a government, totalitarianism (an unrestrained form of government) evolves because few restrictions are placed upon the government. Due to a constitutional compromise (the Constitution is a document of many compromises), authority bestowed upon the legislative branch (congressional authority) is distributed between two even smaller branches: the House of Representatives—which represents each state according to population, and the Senate—which represents each state equally. The two branches work together to create laws, for a law cannot be rendered by one house alone. Since all laws must be ratified by both houses, legislation is usually unbiased, and democracy is well maintained. United States Senator Frank Lautenberg (I>New Jn-sey) stated that it is the separation of powers that makes the United States a truly remarkable nation. Perhaps this is because other democracies lack a separation of powers, including Great Britain, the United States' ancestral sovereign. In Great Britain, the Prime Minister, the nation's chief executive, is a member of the Parliament, the nation's legislative body. In this respect, the executive branch is not separated from the legislative branch, and democracy, in theory, is somewhat weakened. This basic system of government was also adopted by the American Colonies and the Articles of Confederation, the Unitwl States' first constitutional attempt. The Constitution's separation of powers is successful because the document furnished indispensable "checks and balances." This term describes the power one branch has in limiting the authority of the other two—thereby preventing any one branch from becoming too strong and weakening popular sovereignty. Where the Constitution established the separation of powers, checks and balances act as a way each branch can "physically" uphold the separation. Here are a few basic examples of how checks and balances operate: The Legislative Branch (headed by the Congress): It may impeach and convict the President (from the executive branch) and federal judges (from the judicial branch) of a crime. The Executive Branch (headed by the President): It may, veto a congressional bill (from the legislative branch) and exclusively appoint federal judges (to the judicial branch— with the Seniite's confirmation. The Judicial Branch (beaded by the Supreme Court): It may declare actions taken by the Congress (the legislative
branrhl branch) anH and thA the PSwairiant President (tk> (the aT<irii»lvo executive Kr>iu>l>i branch) iifuvtn. uncon- ^
BtituUonal (illegal). This power is known as "judicial review " and was first used in 1803 by Chief Justice John Marshall in the Marbury v. Madision case. A totalitarian form of government operates efficiently because the government's authority is unrestrained. On the other hand, a democracy with a distinct separation of powers—such as the United States—operates with great deUberateness. "The founding fathers (of the Constitution) did not want |an extremely] efficient government, fearing it would intrude on [the people's) lib«rtie8." The separation of powers, along with checks and balances, increase the time it takes for a law to be established because each branch participates in the fabrication of every law. This deliberate process decreased the possibiUty of biased and malignant legislation. Partisanship (multiple political parties) in the United States is a government check not stated in the Constitution that affixes considerable strength to the separation of powers. Partisanship prevents harmful proclivity within the three branches of government by presenting the opposing views of different parties. When different parties dominate different branches, one party is able to check another party's propensities through checks and balances. Yet, when one party dominates all three branches, its power is still restrained, for it is subjected to defeat by another party through popular sovereignty. If only one party existed, it is probable that the three branches of government would (q>erate in an almost tyrannical fashion because there would be no opposition to hinder the one party's predilections. The Constitution does not cease at merely separating powers within the federal government. This great document progresses even further by distributing authority between the federal government and individual state governments. The Tenth Amendment of the Constitution states that authority not specifically granted by the Constitution to the federal government belongs to the individual states. This amendment illustrates the principle of "federalism." Prerogatives belonging to the federal government—such as coining money—are known as "delegated" powers, and prerogatives belonging to state governments-such as providing public education—are known as "reserved" powers. Reserved powers function as a restraint on the stronger federal government. There are also powers that both the fMeral government and state governments share, such as tax levying, that are known as "concurrent" powers.. However, concurrent powers to not limit the (Continned on Page 76)
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Biblical precedent: The Constitution and bankruptcy provisions Oliver B. Polkk teaches hiitory at the Univeraitj' of Neiiraaka at Omaha and ii partner in the law firm of Pol-j lak aad Franli. He haal attended the Univeraity ol\ California/Los Angeles, the! University of London and! Crelghton University. Mr. PolT lak has lived in Omaha with hisl wife, Karen, and sons, Noah I and Aaron, since 1974. He isl active on the boards of thel Jewish Press, the Nebraskal Committee for the Humanities I and the Nebraska Jewish! Historical Society. By OUver B. PoUak
As an historian and attorney, I am interested in legal ideas and provisions that deal with eternally-present problems and how they are handled by particular societies. The
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Constitutional fathers were influenced by their Western heritage comprisiog a blend of Graco-Rtunan and JudeoChristian experience and ideala. Article I, Section 8, of the Constitution provides that "The Congress shall have power to... eatablish a Uniform Rule of Naturalization, and uniform laws on the subject of Bankruptcies throughout the United States." This important provision establishes the basis for becoming an American citizen. Naturalization was the dream of most inunigrants making their way across the Atlantic ocean. All societies have to determine who is a member and who is not. American Jews have held a watching brief on immigration restrictions as a form of discrimination against Eastern-European Jews. Bankruptcy law grappled with eccmomic problems which are frequently beyond the power and control and not the fault of its victim. Bankruptcy finds clear precedent in Leviticus and Deuteronomy and in the Greece of Solon's time. Leviticus 25:8-55 and Deuteronomy 16:1-3 establish the sabbatical year: "Every seventh year you shall practice remission of debts. This shall be the nature of remission: every creditor shall remit the due that he claims from his neighbor; he shall not dun his neighbor nor kinsman, for the remission proclaimed is of the Lord. You may dun the foreigner; but you must remit whatever is due you from your kinsman." This rule inhibited creditcH's providing capital to farmers and merchants. Hillel introduced the Prosbul, a Greek term meaning "Before the assembly of counselors." This declaraticm made in court, before the execution of a loan, resulted in the waiver of the law requiring the release of debts upon the entrance of the sabbatical year. In 594-3 B.C.E., Solon was appointed archon and "arbiter" with full legislative powers. Aristotle and Plutarch recount how Solon noted the disparity of fortune between rich and poor had reached frightful proportions, resulting in the loss of freedom and the introduction of wage slavery. The solution was cancellation of debt. The writers of the Declaration of Independence viewed with alarm the English bankruptcy legislation which resulted in debtcH's priscm, penal transportation to the colonies for debt, and voluntary shipment to the colonies in return for seven years indentured labor. But the Articles of Confederation were silent on the subject of bankruptcy. In 1786, desperate debtors spurred on by depression combined to form Shays Rebellion. The young republic was threatened and the Constitutional Convention was called to meet in Philadelphia in May, 1787. The result was a docu- .
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ment that enhanced the power and authority of the central, or federal, govenunant. As the "necessary and proper clause" took shape, it came to include about 30 central powers, including laying and collecting taxes, duties, iBipoats and exdsee, regulating commerce, making war and raiaing armies, but ncA bankttiptcy. On September 17,1787, the Committee of Style report included naturalization and bankruptcy. The relationahip between the founding fathers, the Old Testament and Solon is more than circumstantiaL Tiye Puritans were steeped in the Old Testament. Greek history was part of the educated person's curriculum. But more important than making direct links over time between disparate societies, are the values displayed by societies and leaders tackling problems that woiild not go away, to problems that ware eternal, recurrmt and chronic. Human talents and endowments, opportunities, and social and political circumstance result in a divo-gence of interests between rich and poor, rural and urban, between fanner, capital provider and consumer. The contemporary causes for personal bankruptcy include the lack of health insurance, unemployment, alcoholism, divorce and financial catastrophes which, unlike abuaive use of consumer credit, evoke pity rather than blame. The penalty for economk misfortune or improvidence can be punitive or benign, enslaving or forgiving. Thus, the Ctmstitutional founders and latter-day legislators have followed the path of the fresh start rather than the shackles and have thus incorporated the spirit of the Old Testament and Solon.
Gendler (CoBtUned from Page 66) Pick up our magnificent Constitution and read it as if you were a colonist fighting to preserve your "new world." Imagine the brilliant dialogue among James Madiswi, Benjamin Franklin, Thomas Jefferson and Alexander Hamilton. Grasp the emotion of a new nation and those who conceived it. As Jews and as Americans, we must preserve this noble image for our own sake and for the sake of others. We must not let a few dictate the extent of our personal freedoms. Above all, we must not abandon our constitutionallyprotected religious precepts that have enabled us to not only survive, but succeed in a very cwnplex world.
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r The significance to Jews that the U.S. Constitution operates directly on individuals f
KeuMtb P. Wriner, a partner !• th> kw firm of Wall, Wintroab and WOBM', U a member of the Omaha, Ney braaka and Aawrican Bar Aasodationa. He trmt gradaatad Crom the Univeradty of Wiaconsin with a degree in political science and attended the Univorslty of Qittago and the University of Nebraska Law Schools. He has been active in variona commimity activities and baa nerved on the Juvenile Court Advisory Committee and the Governor's Conunittee on Children and Yooth. He waa also preaideat of Beth ES Syn^ agogne's Men'a Clnb. Mr. Weiner and liis wife, Judy, have three adnlt children. By Kenneth Weiner "One who belongs to the moat yillified and persecuted minority in history Is not likely to be insensible to the freedoms Koaranteed by our Constitution." Justice FeUx Frankfurter, U.S. Snprane Court In 1947, the U.S. Supreme Court, in the case of Shelley V, Kraemer, held that covenants in deeds or contracts restricting the use or occupancy of real property to persons of the Caucasian race were not enforceable. In rejecting the argument that there was no denial of equal protection under the law because State Courts stood ready to enforce an opposite type of covenant, i.e., one barring whites, Chief Justice Vinson, speaking for a unanimous court, stated: "Bat there are more fundamental considerations. The rights created by the First Section of the Fourteenth Amendment are, by its. terms, guaranteed to the individuoL The rights established are personal rights. It is, therefore, no answer to these Petitioners to say that the Courts may also l>e induced to deny white persons rights of ownership and occupancy on the grounds of race or color. Elqnal protection of the laws is not achieved through indiscriminate imposition of inequalities." This dedsioD underscored each American citizen's equality in the enjoyment of property rights—an equality not enjoyed by Jews in the naany countries from which they had emigrated. It is tliis choice by the founders of our Constitution and the drafters of the Fourteenth Amendment to guarantee rights to "individuals" rather than to groups, that has given American Jews a security and a baimer to rally under when they have found themselves subject to any form of
discrimination. Or, as put by President John P. Kennedy at the time of the riots in Birmingham, Alabama, "The language of the governing document of the United States was on our side." While tlie fedewlists led the way!«- the creation of a Constitution that gave power to a central government, the federalists also shared with the anti-federalists a classical fear of power. They both beUeved that power tends to corrupt. The anti-federalists feared that power under the new form of government would get into the wrong hands—those which were making the Constitution in their own interest. The main anti-federalist objection was the failure of the framers to include a Bill of Rights. No doubt, many of the anti-federalists felt themselves to be at a disadvantage because they were economically vulnerable and, in that sense, belonged to identifiable social groups. But the rights they were determined to protect were individual rights. To this considerable extent, then, in an intense emphasis on the individual in his political and legal capacity, the founders gave America a Constitution which operated directly on individuals. Suppose, as an alternative, that the Constitution had actually designated Americans by specified groups and had laid down the different groups to be treated differently for purposes of social policy. It could, for example, have said that all Jews or Roman Catholics were to be confined within limited residential areas; or that all non-Christians were to have the letter "I" fpr Infidel branded on their foreheads. These suggestions may seem somewhat far fetched, but several of the states included religious exclusions in their Constitutions. Most of them treated persons of African descent as infericM's. None of them treated American Indians as equals. All excluded women from political society. What I am doing here is to postulate a Constitution under which the people on whom it operated were actually described by group and which then prescribed different treatment for different groups. Such an arrangement by the founders'of our Constitution is by no means difficult to conceive. The Constitution does not do this. Certainly, none, or hardly any of the founders, envisaged a genuinely multi-ethnic society of equal individuals. The founders would have been shocked to be told that an exact equality of treatment would be required and legally enforced under their Federal Constitution. At the very most, it was the kind of problem they would have left to the discretion of the states. On the other hand, some of the principles which would seem most unlikely to be adopted by the founders' generation are implicit in their work. For example. Section 2 of
Article 4 of the Constitution, known as tha "Comity Claaae," states that "Hie citizens of each state shall beentitlsd to all of the privileges and immunities of the citizens in the aeveral states." In ahort, the general principlea of "liberty" and "eqnaUty" that the founders agreed upon was the liberty of citizens enjoying equal righta under the law. That is why it was poaaible for Lincoln to conjoin these ideas when he described the nation as "conceived in liberty, and dedicated to the proposition that aill men ar« equal" The point is that ideas of eqnality need favorable ground in which to flourish and all the impoiiant amendments of oiu* Bill of Rights are drafted in terms of individuals and not specified groups, e.g., (IV) "the right of the people... (V) "No poBon shall be hM... nor shall any peraon be subject ... nor shall be compelled ... nor be dqirived nor shall private property be taken...;" (VI) "In all criminal prosecutions the accused shall enjoy the right...," and so forth. In this way, the founders of our Constitution prepared the ground that was friendly to the laws of equality. The ideas were already there, powerfully enforced by the ideology of the founders. Thus, when Jews were faced with discrimination in jobs, property rights, and public accommodations, they could, in the words later used by Martin Luther King in urging that such discrimination be abdished, say"... the time has come for this country to fulfill its promise."
Rod (Cmtinaed from Page 73) government's authority as well as delegated and reserved powers. As a wh(4e, the three separate branches of the federal government, along with state governments, work together to enforce the democratic principles of the Constitution, for the document is the supreme law of the land, and no United States citizen — no matter how elevated in govemmrait—is above and beyond the law. If the founding fathers of the institution — men such as Benjamin Franklin and George Washington—were alive today, they would see that the (^Constitution's separation of powers has succeeded in maldng the United States a strtrng, democratic republic. Henry Clay (1777'1852), an American statesman and orator, once observed that "the (Constitution of the United States was made not merely for the generation that existed (at its creation], but for undefined [and] perpetual posterity." With Clay's thought in mind, we can be assured the Constitution will be with us for two more centuries— and beyond.
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