March 29, 1985: Passover Edition

Vol. i XIII No.

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SERVING NEBRASKA AND IOWA SINCE 1920

Omaha, Neb., Fri., March 29, 1985

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Passover The theme Passover, described by many as the most cherished of Jewish holidays, lasts for eight days (seven days in Israel) and also is known as the Festival of Freedom. Passover commemorates the dramatic deliverance of the Jewish people from enslavement in Egypt^more than 3200 years ago, as recounted in Exodus. Jewish history from the days of slavery is resplendent with epochal struggles in many lands for both the preservation and the spread of freedom. Into modern times, the struggle went on — the appeal of, freedom is strong; men and women sacrificed and fought for the right to have individual freedom. For the most part, men have benefitted earlier and more fully, but now the situation is changing most dramatically. It wasn't too long ago that author Joel Gross said here in Omaha that the changing role of women is perhaps the most profound social change in the 20th century. Thus, the changing status of women appears to be a suitable theme for a holiday which celebrates the fundamental freedom of an individual to celebrate life as he or she chooses. In this issue, the Jewish Press presents a selection of articles about women, explaining in words and photos what they do, how they live, and whether they are satisfied with opportunities available to them. For the most part, the.women were selected either by the directors of the Jewish Press or by the staff with only one requirement in mind — that the person have an interesting story to tell. • '• Those who are not depicted in this issue need not feel left out. Certainly, the requirement would fit most women, but the ^logistics of putting a paper together forbid widespread solicitation of candidates. While we celebrate the freedom of Jewish women in Omaha, it is fitting also to remind our readers that millions of Jewish women — and men — are not yet free. Jews are still oppressed in many parts of the world and they should not be forgotten even during our most joyous times and our most bountiful editions. Perhaps the most amazing material we have in this issue relates to the black Jews of Ethiopia who have been rescued in a modern-day version of the Exodus and who are now free in that miracle we call Israel. Enjoy the issue, and a Happy Pesach to the entire community from all of us who are associated with the Jewish Press. Morris Maline

Credits Layout... Cover Art Photo-journalists

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Judith Marburg : :.... Wayne Sealy Ellen Gprdman, Bert Lewis, Claudia Sherman, Jill Belmont

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(Founded in 1920) Published weekly on Friday By The Jewish Federation of Omaha

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Lesson of the Passover

The observance does not celebrate a long-past shadowy event . . . it is an actuality.

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By Jill Kushner Belmont If being busy means having your finger in every pie, then Lois*Friedman has some toes in there, too. Mrs. Friedman, 61, is, by her own definition, "a professional volunteer! That's my title." Her dedication is obvious, if not overwhelming, after learning of her long list of credentials, plus her. years of service! Consider 37 years on the local board of the National Council of Jewish Women, 18 years as co-chairman of NCJW's Project Fund, 23 years on the Temple Israel Sisterhood board and 15 years as Temple's budget committee co-chairman. "I've been the one who's been privileged to, be part of the Omaha Jewish community," she said. "I'm a busy lady and a very lucky lady. Anything I've given, I've gotten back from the community three-fold." . Omaha-born and a Sioux City, Iowa resident during her teenage years, Mrs. Friedman calls both cities home. Her mother, Diana Novitsky, was heavily involved with Jewish organizations in the latter community, which influenced her daughter's attitude toward volunteerism. "I think I got it through osmosis," she said, adding, "My parents were giving people — concerned Jewish people." Another strong influence was her Grandmother Novitsky, who was "a very religious lady," she said. "Somewhere along the line, she must've inspired me in some way." That inspiration has been passed along in the Friedman family: husband Lloyd is a past president of the Highland Country Club; son Scott is on the Jewish Family Service board; and daughter-in-law Debbie is an NCJW vice president and on the Temple, Sisterhood board.. Although she has found time to volunteer in the outside community, Lois Friedman has primarily devoted her efforts «to Jewish.activities, especially to NCJW. "Everything about Council is my love," she said, smiling. "I went in as corresponding secretary and I've, never been off the board.'.' Saying that she's "done every job that could be done", Within Council is no exaggeration. She held the office of president from 1954-

1957, and is honorary vice president, as well as Life Membership co-chairman. In addition, she can be, found every Monday morning at the Council Thrift Shop, of which she is a director. ' Mrs. Friedman's years of hard work have not gone unrecognized: in 1979 she received the Hannah G. Solomon Award for outstanding volunteer service (the award is a national one given to a member of each chapter); she also earned a spot on Council's National Board, becoming the first Omahan to do so. Her pride in NCJW seems to lie ilot only within her own contributions, but with those of the entire group, which numbers around 920, she said. "My biggest satisfaction is watching the organization grow, and watching the people in it grow," she said, adding, "I get such pride when I see what Council continues to do, not just what we did." However, she maintains a concern that in general, the Jewish volunteer core is getting smaller, a decline she attributes to the number of women working outside the home. "One thing that comes first is our Jewish community. We're small in number and we're being hurt by women being active in the general community," she said, referring to other types of volunteer work in the city. "Today, women are educated, trained and want to work, and they want to get paid for what they are doing," said Mrs. Friedman, who held several paid jobs until they interfered with her community work. While understanding of women who work outside of the home, she said she believes that volunteer work should not be pushed aside for career. "I've always told girls, 'Just remember who you are. Don't forget you're Jewish*, If you want to do both, that's wonderful'." Her exuberance in the hope of maintaining and strengthening a healthy Jewish community has led Lois Friedman into a life of doing for others, and after years of hard work, her message seems to be, "No pats on the back are necessary — just keep it going." 1

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March 2S, 1985

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By Ellen Gord »an When Lisa Lewis gra luated from college in 1970 she expeci id to inarry, have children, pursue a c, reer in journalism and participate in oiunteer activities. And she e pected to accomplish all of this in a city other than Omaha, Nebraska. Most of her expectat io, s have come true. Mrs. Lewis is riu ried, is the mother of one son and is ctive in several volunteer organizatio is. However, the 1970 graduate of N rthwestern University's Ivledill Schoi of Journalism is not earning a livi g as a journalist. Since 1977 she as been an attorney. "I always thought I wou d have a career, marry and have a I imily," Mrs, Lewis said, "It never oci irred to me that I couldn't have it all. figured that I went to college for a pur ose and that I would use my education My parents encouraged me to get a i education. They never told me that th ;re were certain things I couldn't do. Also, I have a lot of self motivation. "I have always loved jo rnalism, art and theater. When I was l junior and senior high school I act 1 in several Junior Theater plays. It's iore difficult to have a career in art so picked journalism which is a much mo e open field, I decided I could always in- orporate art into what I did. "Like most of my friend , I never expected to settle in Omaha Mrs. Lewis said. "After graduating •om Northwestern a friend and I ha> planned to travel to London to look fo jobs. I came home the summer of 1970 o earn some money, arfd I met Denny L,ewis. I decided to make the trip to I ngland anyway, but when I got to >Iew York I discovered I wasn't excittd about the trip and returned to Omal a. I've wondered how my life would have turned

out if I hadn't met Denny before I went to seek my fame and fortune." The road to a law degree actually began at the Sun Newspaper? where Mrs. Lewis was the reporter covering health, education and welfare. She wrote a piece on Steven Frankino who was Dean of the Creighton Law School. "Both he and Rodney Shko.lnick, who was the Associate Dean at the time, were very open minded about women having careers in law and encouraged me to become a lawyer," Mrs. Lewis said. "Law appealed to me because I would have the ability to affect change rather than just report it. I had taken several communication law classes in college and always thought it was fascinating, "I was in a rut at the Sun so I decided to try to get into Creighton Law School, I was married by then to Denny so Creighton was my only choice." After applying in 1973 Mrs. Lewis was informed that she was on the waiting list. "At least I wasn't rejected," she 'explained with a smile. "Then in Au'gust just before the term started I was accepted, but Denny and I were planning a trip to France, and I had just become the Lifestyle Editor at the Sun. So I asked the school if I could delay one year." Lisa graduated in 1977. In 1980 her son, Travis, was born. Since then she has been balancing the responsibilities of a career, family responsibilities and volunteer activities, "It's difficult to balance all of my activities but it's second nature now. I've never had a period of time when I hav- . en't done a million things," Mrs. Lewis said. "I don't work at the/office on weekends but I do take vrark home. Also, I don't need a lot of sleep so I stay up late at night. Denny is very supportive of me. We both have flexible sched-

Lisa Lewis ules. It would be difficult if we both had nine to five jobs." "Something always has to give, and what gives is my house. I have a cleaning lady, but it's not as clean as I would like it to be." Mrs. Lewis practices general law which includes domestic relations, personal injury, juvenile court work and estates. She currently is1 in a spacesharing association with three other attorneys. Mrs. Lewis is involved in volunteer activities which reflect her interest in the arts an,1 the law. She is a member of the Jewish Community Center Board and serves as music chairman of the Cultural Arts Department. She sits on the ADL/CRC Board and is co-chairman of the Law Committee with Bob Yaffe. She is a member of the Tuesday Musical Concert Series Board and belongs to the Junior League of Omaha. Mrs. Lewis has only one complaint about the lifestyle she has chosen to live. "It is yery difficult for Jewish organizations to understand and adapt to the working women. I think this is be-

cause Jewish women are traditionally home, at least when theif children are younger." As an example Mrs. Lewis cites the fact that her son, Travis, attends Montessori Pre-school. "I would have liked to send him to the Jewish Community Center Pre-school, but there were no before and after school day care available. However, things are changing. Last summer I could send him to day camp at the JCC for the first time ber cause there was child care available before and after camp. "There are going to be more working women so Jewish organizations and institutions are going to have to adapt. For example, committees and activities like exercise classes could meet at noon. I know that working women would rather take a little extra time .off at noon than go out in the evenings." Mrs. Lewis had a closing comment on the status of women today. "I think that working women should be compared to working men rather than to women who do not work outside the home."

To teoch.

RIESMAN gmpt\ics OMAHA, NEBRASKA 68102 ° (402) 342-2265

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Teddy Levine - on the move year old Marci, in addition to husband Roy, been at it for a year now and she says they work 70 By Bert Lewis "We're going to move WHERE? Nebraska? Wher- hours a week, "but love' every minute of it. It's a knows the importance of handling responsibilities. e's that?" According to Teddy Levine, that was her challenge of course, and very hard work. But when I The children help with meal preparation and house• response to her husband Roy when he told her his get up in the morning I know I'm going to a job that work, and Teddy says "I couldn't work all those hours news. That was in 1974, and they were living in their I really love doing." She mentions the pleasures of without complete cooperation at home." She says one native Bridgeport, Connecticut. Teddy says "I had a helping people make arrangements for trips, and the of the only regrets she has about her work is that she toddler and a new baby and I didn't know a thing traveling she herself does in connection with the busi- cannot prepare a very special Shabbat meal every ness. She "just returned from a wonderful trip to Friday. "That was such a lovely time to me, as a child. about Omaha." She recalls asking if there was a Jewish population Egypt and will leave very soon for England." As an I'm sorry my kids can't have the same memory, but and wondering if she'd be able to buy kosher meat aside, Teddy says she "always seeks out a synagogue" it just isn't possible."1 "I love the beautiful traditions of our religion, and and worrying about a hundred other things. She says wherever she visits. This includes a fascinating one "I was the first member of my family to move away with a dirt floor on the island of St. Thomas. She I believe the customs should be truly enjoyed." She says "I don't know if it's part of my heritage or just says, thoughtfully, "at home I didn't really appreciate from the area — it svas a very new experience." She's had many experiences, both before and .since curiosity, but I try to tall: to the rabbi when I go on those traditions. Here, we are creating out own customs . . . and Passover is a special leaving Bridgeport. The world outside one." Her parents come to Omaha and home has always interested her. Early a great deal of effort goes into making in her marriage she owned and operthe week perfect. She says "we start ated a Market Research company. She kashering early, and do as much as we tells how ehe "worked from the house, can beforehand. Time is short and employing 25 people, doing political everybody helps." Again, "my children surveys, product testing and food disare much more responsible than I was. tribution studies." She had a small .. but I didn't have a working mother." child at the time, and was able to hanIn retrospect Teddy says "I'm a sisdle working and mothering in this way. ter, daughter, wife, mother, businessTeddy Levine was not anxious to woman. I've been married 20 ye'ars and move. "I knew it would be hard to be I've ddhe the usual volunteer stuff. I in the midst of strangers. I knew I'd was on the original board of the joiiit miss my family." But although people Talmud Torah, I'm on the board of were nice and they made friends, they Beth Israel, I've done various jobs for found the first holiday in their new the synagogue school Board, and back city to be very lonely. She says "we in 19681 organized a young chapter of promised ourselves we'd never be Pioneer Women in Connecticut." She alone for a holiday, and the next year also does needlepoint, loves to play we invited all the out-of-towners we bridge, Mah Jorigg and to entertain. V knew to come share our seder. We've In between she does carpooling for her done it every year since, and on some children. And loves being a businessoccasions have had as many as 30 to woman. 35 people with us". It has become their tradition, and to this young woman Roy Levine gets credit for having ac : tradition is very important. cepted the changes that came with a full time working wife. "He helps in There isn't much time these days for many ways — for instance, while I'm in England he'll Teddy Levine Teddy to make a big deal out of traditional things. have countless extra responsibilities". After learning a lot about the travel agency business such a visit." Laughing, Teddy says ."I'll never be named Balaby working for other people, she and two other women This very busy woman is ever mindful of her priorstarted their own — Travel Associates, Inc. They've ities. Her family, which includes 15 year old Mike and boosta of the Month, but I really love what I do."

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Omaha women care By Jill Kushner Belmont Omaha's Jewish women care about their Jewish community; they care about its current strength and its exciting potential. They volunteer time, support and, ideas to the Federation's boards and committees, as well as spending weeks and months on the annual Campaign. Their reasons for caring and volunteering differ; the following is a sampling of women who offered their motivation for involvement. For Bert Lewis, president of the Bureau for the Aging, "It was a matter of a role model before my very eyes," she said. That role model, her mother, was very active with the Philip Sher Home, and still volunteers at the Rose Blumkin Home, Mrs. Lewis said. The Bureau "is very interesting and very exciting," she added. "There's always another goal to be reached, always changes to-be made. Older adults' needs are changing." Jewish Community Center board member'Margie

(!utnik said she became involved through her desire for community betterment, and because "my children will be growing up here." The .ICC board provides a challenge, as "it is constantly trying to expand and grow as its constituency grows and day-to-day life changes," she said. "A united community center is something people can identify with." Unifying and strengthening the Jewish community through education is an important goal to Beverly Fellman, a new member of the Federation's Bureau of Jewish Education. Mrs. Fellman, who holds administrative and teaching degrees, said that her "extreme concern for my children's Judaic education" and her interest in education at all levels led her to join the Bureau. "Jewish education really comes first, because it is our future; our children are the future," she said. Through her efforts with the Bureau, she said, "I hope to be able to discern what is good in the system

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and continue it, and change what needs changing." To reach that goal, Mrs. Fellman said she is willing to hear new ideas. "I'd like to be open to people who have children and are involved with education." For Leslie "Cookie" Hoberman, having a family magnified her desire to volunteer. "When I had children, it became my responsibility to carry the weight of t he Jewish community for them," she, said. Mrs. Hoberman serves on two boards: the Federation board, where, "I get to see all the agencies working together"; and the Anti-Defamation League Board, which "keeps my awareness of what's going on in the Jewish and non-Jewish communities and their interrelationships," she said. "The strength of our Jewish identity has a link to our Jewish community. The Federation provides a healthy identity," she said, noting that there is always room for new volunteers. "It's not just a gift of money that we need, it's a gift of time. We desperately need people who care."

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Looking for past information on family members, Joie Simon takes advantage of back issues of the Jewish Press, which date back to the early 1930s.

Rehearsing for the Women's Federation Campaign "Gallery Gala" are entertainers, from left, Beth Ginsburg, Debbie Friedman, Connie Slutzky, Pam Cohn and Patty Nogg. Members of the troupe not pictured are Ann Broder and Sibby Wolfson.

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Jody Goldstein tests her knowledge of Jewish history playing the Quiz Qube game in the lobby of the JCC.

Rae Brodkey, left, and Lynn Saunders confer in the Federation Library about new Passover recipes. ".'. .

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March 29,1985

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Passover season, our thoughts turn gratefully to the people in our community who have made bur

continuing progress possible. We value our patients and others whom we serve. Bergan Mercy is committed to caring for each individual and reG °g n i z i n g e a c h person's need compassion and respect. When you're a patient, having someone around who cares about your comfort

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Pag* 12

March 29,1985

Fitting work into her life ested in working with the dyslexic after work to the college. For five years she hearing a speaker at a PTA meeting. was a reading specialist at the NeShe was trained in the Orton Gil- braska Penal and Correctional Comlingham method which is a tactile kin- plex working one on one with prisoners esthetic method of teaching dyslexics to who had learning disabilities. Last year read. In the beginning Mrs. Krivosha she begun participating in the Univerworked with school age children, tu- sity of Nebraska-Lincoln tutorial protoring them in her home.. In addition gram for athletes. She is currently to being a tutor she was a director of .working with a football player with a the Lincoln Reading Center. This severe reading disability. group recruited and trained people to "I had read studies about prisoners teach students with learning disabili- and learned that many of them are ilties by using the Orton Gillingham literate," Mrs. Krivosha said. "I knew that there wasn't a reading program at the prison so I approached the director of education about volunteering to work with students. He encouraged me to try it. After a few months I set up a program for prisoners with learning disabilities. "I didn't have any qualms about going into the prison. The students were very responsive. They had never had anyone interested in their education before. The prisoners were happy to have somebody understand their problems. It was very satisfying for me to help students who hadn't been reached before." Although Mrs. Krivosha's first teaching experience was in the second grade she prefers working with adult Helene Krivosha, left, with tutorial student Bobbi Emrich. students. "Adults have good attention spans and want to learn. They have with the sequence of letters, numbers method. "In 1972 I volunteered to work as an good learning experiences," or syllables. They display weakness of Since her marriage Mrs. Krivosha short-term memory; inability to con- aide in the GED program at Southwest centrate on written material long Community College. The GED is a high has "tried to fit work into my life rather enough to evaluate' information and school equivalency degree for those than my life into work. My family came produce an accurate response; inability adults who did not graduate," Mrs. Kri- first. I didn't work when the children to sort out significant material from vosha said. "I came upon three dyslexic were little because my husband was students so I convinced the school to really busy, and I felt children needed oral presentations." Mrs. Krivosha, who has a bachelor of hire me as a reading specialist to start a parent at home. In those days most women stayed home with their chilscience in education from the Univer- a program for them." Mrs. Krivosha has not limited her dren. Women's viewpoints have sity of Nebraska, first became interBy Ellen Gordmar. Two mornings a week Helene Krivosha can be found in the corner of the Learning Center at Southeast Community College in Lincoln, Neb" Sitting across the narrow table from her is an adult who she is teaching to read. Her students; who she works, with on a one to one basis, have dyslexia, a language disability, which makes reading very difficult. According to an article in THINK magazine "dyslexics have problems

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changed since then. Also, my husband was in a profession where we had enough income, and I didn't have to work. Now because of the economic conditions many times both husband and wife have to work. "I have a career but I don't want to work full time. At this stage of my life I want time for my husband and I to share together. We do a lot of traveling and enjoy spending time together. I also do a lot of entertaining, especially for the Jewish holidays which are very important for us." In addition to her part time teaching responsibilities, Mrs. Krivosha has been active in many volunteer organizations. She is on the board of directors of the Orton Dyslexia Society which tries to further interest in learning disabilities and help disseminate information about dyslexia. Mrs. Krivosha is currently vice president of Nebraska Commission on Aging. She was a member of the Governor's Commission on the Status of Women and the Nebraska Committee on Humanities. Mrs. Krivosha was also active in the Sisterhood at Tifereth Israel Synagogue and served as treasurer. Mrs. Krivosha's husband, Norman, is Chief Justice, of the Nebraska Supreme Court. They have two daughters. Rhonda Hauser is completing a master's degree in child development at the University of Texas at Austin. Her husband, Adam, will be graduating from the University of Texas Law School in the spring. Terri Krivosha is a graduate of the Cardoza School of Law and is currently employed in the New York Law firm of Paul, Weiss, Rivkind, Wharton and Garrison. Ms. Krivosha's husband, Hayim Herring, is a rabbi.

March 29,1885

Jewish Pn—

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Margie Gutnik: I need the memories

Margie By Claudia Sherman During the winter of 1965, when she was still in high school, Margie Gutnik (at that time, she was Margie Eisenkramer) came to Omaha for the first time. She was attending a. MoVFTY Convention. MoVFTY stands for the Missouri Valley Federation of Temple Youth. Margie belonged to the local affiliated youth group in Clayton, Mo.t a suburb of St. Louis. It would be 12 years before she returned to Omaha, and then it would be to stay to live and to become a part of the community. The youngest of Charles and Evelyn Eisenkramer's three children, Margie described Clayton as "very assimilated. There was very little that,was Jewish about our life," she said. "We knew we were Jewish, but we had a Christmas tree." She thought her parents, as well as everyone else's parents ("they all had

Gutnik Christmas trees"), did it all for the kids so they wouldn't feel left out.. Margie believed this emulation of the Christian society may have emanated from fear of what happened to the very Jewish Jews of Europe during the Holocaust and from a desire to want to be like the rest of America. They may have believed, she imagined, that by being different from the Jews who perished during the Holocaust, it wouldn't happen to them. The Eisenkramers belonged to United Hebrew Temple, where Margie's grandparents and parents were married. Her father died of a heart attack when Margie was nine years old. Her family moved upstairs into the duplex they shared with her grandparents and rented out the downstairs duplex where they had lived before her father died.

Margie's day-to-day life didn't of her major joys in life to see her change dramatically when her father daughters marry doctors," mentioned died. Her mother did go to work two Margie. years after her husband died. Margie Back in high school, Margie was had her grandparents to go home to quite active in MoVFTY and in activafter school and "Grandma was kind of ities after school. At 15,- she worked in in charge anyway," she said. "I went to . the summers as a secretary. After gradpublic school, took ballet and tap, violin uating from Clayton High School she and piano lessons and I was a Brownie," enrolled at the University of Missouri she explained, "like everybody else." at Columbia. "College was great," MarThe family did go to services often, gie said. "It was my first time away from Margie recalled. "We went for the High home. It was like freedom for the first Holidays and yahrzeits — there were time." One of her extra-curricular ac-" lots of them." She liked going to Tem- tivities was working at the campus raple and she liked Sunday School "be- dio station KCCS which was run by cause I had friends there. We had tests "junior and senior men students." Marbut it wasn't much work. If you did any gie described herself as "very social," work at all, it was easy to shine," she She worked 15 hours a week while going to college as well as in the summers. said. Margie's brother taught Sunday Margie met Bruce Gutnik the first School. I really like him," she smiled, day of her sophomore year at a mixer. "and it was really neat for me to have They were married in the summer of a brother who taught Sunday School." 1970, a year before Margie received her She was only a sixth grader when her bachelor's degree in Elementary and brother married. He and his wife were Early Childhood Education. Her first active in their synagogue and instru- teaching job was in a one-room schoolmental in forming "sort of a congre- house, Two-Mile Prairie School, 14 gation within a congregation for young miles outside of Columbia. Upon couples," as Margie described it. "I Bruce's graduation from medical spent a lot of time with my brother and school, he and Margie moved to Cinhis wife." Margie's sister-in-law lit can- cinnati, OH, where he worked in public dles on Friday nights. "My mother health services for two years. didn't quite know where it (i.e. the reMargie had a difficult time finding a ligious observance) was coming from," teaching position in Cincinnati until Margie said. she found out there was an uncompliAlthough she didn't graduate, Evelyn mentary letter in her placement file Eisenkramer attended college, which written by the principal of her first was unusual for girls of her generation. school. Margie "shouldn't be hired be"She just mirrored her surroundings," cause of her Judaism" read the letter Margie explained. To her mother, Mar- written by the Born-Again Christian gie thought appearances and education principal whose husband was a miniswere of prime importance for her chil- ter of the Church of God. This expedren. Mrs. Eisenkramer encouraged rience "reaffirmed in my mother's mind her daughters to learn skills such as her fears about being too Jewish," said (continued on page 14) typing and shorthand. "It was also one

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Margie Gutnik (continued from page 13) Margie. She did get a job after removing the letter. The Gutniks started a young couples group in their synagogue in Cincinnati and attended services regularly.. In 1977, Margie and Bruce moved to Durham, N.C. Margie worked on her . master's degree at Duke University. Her degree was in Educational Media which specializes in the production of media such as animated cartoons and educational television commercials. However, Margie insists she's rather be in front of a camera than behind it. In Durham, Margie was hired as the educational director of her Temple. "All the young women belonged to Hadassah, she said. She did, too, and was elected vice president. "I loved it there," she said. "It was all earth mothers there. We all did things like make our own challah." Bruce had his pick of three jobs in three different cities in 1977. The Gutniks chose Omaha. They looked in the telephone book to see how many synagogues there were in rOmaha. They looked to see if Omaha had a Jewish Day School and if bagels were sold here, all indications that a Jewish community did exist. "Omaha was close to St. Louis, too, but not too close," Margie explained, for a young family that by now was used to its independence. Bruce worked at the Nebraska Psychiatric Institute, and Margie was busy with two little girls, Julie, who was born in 1974 and Allison, who was born shortly after the Gutniks moved to Omaha. Their third daughter, Andi, was born in 1979. Margie found herself being drawn into volunteer activities related to her children's interestssuch as the Jewish Community Center preschool and dance program. She was also anxious to meet other people, and so

March 29,1985

she joined several women's organizations. Margie believed she had ideas to offer "gleaned from living in other cities." Saranne Gitnick asked Margie to become involved in JCC programs. She wanted to wait awhile however. Her mother was dying of cancer. In 1981, Mary Fellman asked Margie to sit in on a reorganized Cultural Arts Council meeting, which she did. The Jewish Cultural Arts Council wanted to provide some new programs, one of which was the Matzo Bakery. Margie thought she would like to be in charge of that project. After getting the go-ahead, she asked her friends to be on her committee. Somewhat to her own consternation, everything fell into place and got done, leading Margie to think she hadn't done enough work on the project. Following the Matzo Bakery, Saranne Gitnick appointed Margie a vice president of the JCC Board of Directors. "I admired Saranne and Mary Fellman, and they took a chance on me," said Margie. Quite a number of chairmanships came her way after that. She was one of two co-chairmen of the 1984 Yom Ha'atzmaut celebration; an officer in the Omaha Section, National Council of Jewish Women, and she's now a Junior League provisional (first year) member. She's been a Brownie leader, room mother, active in the Children's Museum and sold Omaha Symphony tickets. This year she's teaching Sunday School, too. "But my kids and my family are real important to me. My family is my number one priority," she explained. "I need to have quality time with my children. I need it more for me than for them," she added. "I need the memories. I want to be everything to them as a mother but I never think I'm a good enough mother." Margie enjoys performing and h/as

had parts in JCC and Omaha Com- good leaders," she continued. "Somemunity Playhouse productions. Last times people are given a chance because April, she performed! in "Inherit the of who they know, not because of what Wind" at the Playhouse. The play they know. And she added, "I hope peoopened a week before Yom Ha'atzmaut, ple don't thjnk of me: 'Oh, it's her and during the middle of the two- again.' " Looking ahead, Margie month run she prepared a Passover . thought she might like to find employSeder for seven people. "I lost 12 ment or go back to-school, but she pounds in those two months," she said. wasn't sure into which field. She "I was also 'Super Pvlom' during that thought she might like to do some more time. You prepare yourself to do pe- theater, too. nance for being away so much. But after "I'm raising my kids to feel they can it was over I couldn't recapture the two be anything," she said, "not only a months I missed with my family. They teacher, a nurse or a secretary. I'm went on without me. I didn't even know trying very hard to raise them without which girl used the new orange tooth- sexist attitudes. But they live in a sobrush in the bathroom," she' remin- ciety with those attitudes." Not only isced. "And I wanted Bruce to come does Margie believe in the Equal Rights with me. I had fun, and I wanted him Amendment's "equal pay for equal to share it. But that was unrealistic." jobs" platform, but she feels parents This past January, Margie was hon- should share family responsibilities. ored by the Jewish Federation of And they should do it "because we care Omaha by being named the 1985 recip- about each other. We're both people. I ient of the Lois Jeanne Schrager Mem- hope my children can reconcile what orial Young Leadership Award. "I was they want to do with what they ought kind of in shock," she said, describing to do as responsible people. I feel comher feelings upon receiving the honor. mitments to Judaism, the community, "It may open doors for me," she said. my family and myself, and I want them "I hope other people will give somebody to feel the balance without stress or else a chance," she added, the way Sar- guilt. I want them to be happy and find anne Gitnick and Mary Fellman did for their happiness in being Jewish and in her. "Good workers are not necessarily their families."

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wasn't living with disparity," she By Claudia Sherman Lindsey Miller Lerman, u partner at added. The three sisters "were good friends Kutak Rock ti Campbell, a law firm which specialized in handling Eecurity then and now," she commented. Lindcases, ''dashed into her office to join an eey's sisters live in California and Conimportant mid-afternoon conference necticut. "Two weeks ago, the three of call with her ciient, a major New York us got together and gave my 80-yearbrokerage house. She had just come old aunt a party in Los Angeles," Lindfrom a meeting, with the firm's senior sey smiled. "It way fun." litigator tcr'discuss a proposed settle"I enjoyed school and divided my ment in a case she had tried for nine time, between swimming and school," weeks before a jury in another city. And explained Lindsey. She represented the before that? Well, Lindsey spent the United States in swimming at the Macmorning accompanying her six-year- cabiah Games in Israel in 1961, bringold son, Jeremy, on a first-grade field ing home one silver and two gold trip to a nearby farm," reported "The medals. Four years later, she coached National Lav/ Journal," in a 1982 ar- the Israeli National Swimming team in ticle. • the Maccabiah Games. Even today, "I First arriving in Omaha in 1975 when take exercise quite seriously," Lindsey her ex-husband took a job here, Lind- said. At the age of 16, after finishing elevsey started working at Kutak Rock in 1976 as a part-time aocociate. At that enth grade, Lindsey was admitted to time, she had a newborn eon and a two- the University of Southern California year-old daughter, Hannah, who was where she spent her first year of college. born in New York. She became a part- She completed the rest of her underner in the firm in 1980 as a "three- graduate career at Wellesley College in Massachusetts. There was "a big emfourths person." • "Until recently, I insisted on working phasis on high quality education part-time because I'm a mother and I handed down from my parents." Lindwant to take care of my children," sey remarked. Serious about her future, Lindsey described Wellesley as a colLindsey explained. "She shuttles back and forth be- lege that provided an environment that tween her home and office, sometimes treated her with respect "and gave digtaking off several hours to be with her nity to my goals. It gave me the support children. Sometimes she works at home and resources — needed to pursue my late into the night to draft a brief or career," she said. She graduated with prepare for a trial," continued the ar- high honors in political science in 1968. ticle in "The National Law Journal." Lindsey attended the Columbia Uni"The bulk of my work is in securities versity School of Law in New York and defense litigation. I typically represent received her Juris Doctorate in 1973, brokerage houses and investment Her honors included the Law Review firms," said Lindsey. A typical day — (Board of Editors). if there is such a thing as typical in her Her first legal job experience was life — may be to work at the office from with the Legal Aid Society of Clevenoon to 8 p.m. and then meet her chil- land, Ohio, where she worked as a law dren and a couple of their friends at clerk. She also worked as a research asThe Emmy Gifford Children's Theater sistant at Harvard Law School's Center to see a play. for the Advancement of Criminal JusLindsey said she couldn't "even re- ' tice. She worked on a project that exmember when I. started wanting to be amined the right of social scientists to a lawyer." Her parents, Avy Lewis conceal confidential information. Miller and Roberta Levey Miller, imIn the fall of 1973 through the summigrated separately from Canada and mer of 1975, Lindsey was law clerk to settled in Los Angeles. From meager Judge Constance Baker Motley, the beginnings, Miller become financially first woman and the first black to sit successful, Lindsey said, after he in- in the United States District Court for vented a heater for outdoor swimming the Southern District of New York pools. He died in 1978, and his wife (Manhattan). Lindsey described this as lived only, two years after his death. In "a real opportunity to be a law clerk." her parents' home, Lindsey found "lit- Appointed by President Lyndon Johntle contracts" between various mem- son (all federal judges are presidential bers of her family that she had written appointees), today Motley is a chief juswhen she was ten years old. tice in her district. Describing Motley Growing up in Los Angeles with two as someone with a great deal of dignity, older sisters "was a positive configu- Lindsey said the judge "had a signifiration," Lindsey said, "because in a so- cant impact on my style. SJie's unflapp; ciety which more readily hands able." opportunity to men, we weren't conIn an article in the "New York Law fronted with the contrast" having no Journal," Judge Motley said, "it was brothers with whom to compete. "I (continued on page 17)

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Business, is a ' 'family affair" By Jill Kushner Belmont feedback about coupon books. "We ate our way Let's face it — using cold, calculating objectivity around," Cookie said, laughing.. is pretty tough when writing about your mother and Verbal commitments were made, followed by fia very close friend, so I'm not even going to try. True, nancial commitments, and a business was born. I am quiteprejudiced toward my mom, Barbara Kush- Pleasure Pac is currently used as a fund raiser by ner and Leslie "Cookie" Hoberman, but that is not non-profit organizations and schools, and is sold both why their story appears here today. individually and through numerous Omaha corpoXheir story is here because of their creative ability rations.' With sales up by 200 percent over the last three to brainstorm a casually suggested idea and turn it years, both women are proud that their hard work into a successful, viable business. . Their business is "Pleasure Pac," an entertainment has paid off. "We took a chance and thought we could do well. coupon book currently in the midst of its third year. Published annually, it offers discounts for local res- We were fortunate," Mom said, adding that, "I love taurants and health facilities, plus a travel section to work. 1 have a reason, a purpose to get up in the morning." • ••with accommodations discounts. Morasaid that after 23 years at home with the kids, - The success of this business cannot only be based she wanted to begin a career outside of the home. "I on its product. In fact, it is based on a 14-year-old was ready to step out into the world and do something friendship with strong family ties and a lot of love. for myself," she said. "I don't think there's any doubt that the friendship After receiving a coupon book from an out-of-town comes first," Cookie said. Mom nodded her agreement friend who thought it might be an interesting busi- and added that running the business alone "wouldn't be fun. It would be work. I wouldn't want to do this ness, Mom called her partner-(o-be. "Barb called and said, 'I've got a great idea for a with anybody else." business,' " Cookie said. "I said, 'Forget it, it sounds Both wompn are quick to compliment each other really dumb.' " However, willing to give it a try, they sat down with their husbands, Jerry Hoberman and Marshall Kushner, and looked over the Hook. "I. saw the book and said, 'This is really exciting,'" Cookie said, and the.brainstorming began. Pleasure Pac was developed with one thought in mind: "We were only going to go into a high quality book," Mom said, noting that quality extends- beyond the written word to good relations with advertisers and customers. Cookie agreed, saying that, "The coupon business is notorious for the small-print surprises. The one thing we've changed is that there are no surprises." In the beginning, both women went to various restauranteurs for Barbara Kushner, left, and Cookie Hoberman

on their respective strengths in the business: "Your mom is a super sales person," Cookie said; Mom replied, "and with Cookie Ihave an advertising agency." (Cookie also runs her own advertising agency, Communications Unlimited, and for the last six years, has written and produced ads for Tires, Inc., her husband's company.) Another important aspect of their working relationship is their mutual feeling that family comes first, and they work around their home schedules. "We have total confidence in one another," Cookie said. "We never measure hours." Their business itself is something of a family affair, with their "board of directors" consisting of Dad and Jerry. "Both husbands have been very, very supportive," Mom said. "They're always at our side." Indeed, between the four of them, many an hour has been spent discussing Pleasure Pac over lunch, dinner, on the phone. In addition, Dad's company, Commercial Lithographing Co., prints the book, and Pleasure Pac's offices are located in the Tires, Inc. Building at 885 S. 72nd St. It is, the ladies say, a unique situation with a tpecial, unique friendship between the two couj Pies. The future of Pleasure Pac is cur, rently being discussed, and "we're j just now feeling that Pleasure Pac is ! a real commodity, and it is requiring j long-range plans," Cookie said. Expanding the book is not necessarily in those plans, Mom said; adding that, "We want to maintain the quality of the book. We don't need to make it fatter." Well, ladies, whatever decisions you make, whatever road Pleasure Pac takes, just know that your kids, Lisa, Robin and Jennifer Hoberman, and Karen, Kim an9 Tim Kushner, plus son-in-law Mark Belmont (and yours truly), couldn't be more proud of both of you — we're with you all the way.

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Jewish Press

Pag* 17

• . #

Passover

Lindsey Miller Lennan (continued from page 16)

'probably true' that she was among the first judges to hire a woman clerk. She conceded it was 'true' that a 'disproportionate number' of women law students applied to her in the 1970s. 'I guess they thought their chances would be better with me,' she concluded. The women applicants in the 1970s, she claimed "were superior to men on paper," having higher grades and more extra-curricular activities. One woman who applied, the judge remembered, was on Columbia's Law Review, had worked for Legal Aid in Ohio and for a professor at the Harvard Law School." The judge was referring.to Lindsey. She began her arrangement with Kutak Rock "working three days a week in the office and, as needed, at home alongside her newborn son and two-' year-old daughter, reported the "American Bar Association Journal" in a July, 1984 article. "That schedule has grown with family, practice and skill at organization, and often it has looked suspiciously full-time. Throughout one three-month trial in Colorado, she camped in a hotel while her children flew out on weekends (and during a tenday Christmas break). Lindsey's motto is: "You can count on me." She described in "The National Law Journal" how "she is able to juggle her two demanding jobs by being organized and getting moral support and cooperation from her partners. Part-time workers are more efficient," Lindsey said in the article. "By stressing this financial benefit to the firm, others who want to emulate her have 'leverage other than humanity and good sense.' " F o r example, she said, her partnership share varies with her work load but, she argues, "If a (regular) partner has a slow year, that person will draw full-up. "The only barrier to somebody doing what I do is the attitude of management and that person's capacity to be organized,' " she said. . Lindsey says she thinks "I bend over backwards for my children because of my working. What you do so you don't feel guilty," she mused. She considers herself fortunate to be in a situation in which she can afford to pay for services such as babysitting and house cleaning. On the other hand, Jeremy complained about her schedule when she had to attend a business-related cocktail party a couple hours after returning from two

days in New York. "Look, Jeremy," his sister admonished him, "She's got to have a job. This is how she does it. Would you rather she worked at Taco Bell?" The childrenare "made aware of the things that are important to me as an adult," said Lindsey, "like current events." They have been to New York, to see where Lindsey works there. Last summer, they went to Europe with their mother. Besides Israel and Europe, Lindsey has been to Scandinavia, Greece, Turkey, Indo-China, Mexico, Haiti, the Caribbean, Canada and Cuba, most of them before she had a family. But Omaha is "a good, healthy set-up for the children," she said as she relaxed in her 45-year-old house on tree-lined J. E. George Blvd. which she bought from Godfather's Pizza magnate Willy Theisen. In memory of her parents, "and to remind me of their contribution to myself," Lindsey established a fund to help finance Jewish cultural events at the Jewish Community Center. "Charitable giving was important in my childhood home," she said. Through hergenerosity, partially, the Miller Film Festival, has annually featured about five or six films with Jewish content or with Jewish actors or directors, etc. since 1979 at the Center. The fund has also been used to help bring performances such as the Israeli Chassidic Festival and the Klezmer Conservatory Band to Omaha. Although she does have other interests in her life, Lindsey's top priorities are her children and her .law practice career. "I've postponed my personal life," she said. However, she acknowledged that on different days her priorities shift. "There are seasons of your life in which you focus on different aspects of it," she said. She attributes her own success to luck and being "made of pretty stern stuff." She added, "I think it's a difficult time for women and menbecause this is a transitional time." She'd like, to see "greater understanding in the work place about the value of family. If I had only one mission it would be.to make people comfortable with plurality (in the work place) — to encourage it', not just tolerate it. Generally speaking, it's very difficult to have a career and have a'fair'amount of good time to be with a family. I like to think I've helped in a heavy-duty field, which is not just a job, but a career,"

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Madame Councilwoman

By Bert Lewis If you were to ask Sylvia Wagner how she happened to leave home and hearth to become a busy member of the City Council, she would register an astonished expression and answer "but I NEVER just stayed • Jhome". As she recounts the many activities that began with her marriage to Robert Wagner in 19-17, this becomes a classic understatement. She begins by telling of the three part time jobs she worked as a bride "while Bob was in school at the University of Oklahoma. 1 worked in a retail store, in a language lab and I did typing for a car agency" Indeed, it would seem she was always busy. In 1951, after Bob's graduation, they returned to Omaha; this was also the year Byron, the eldest of their three sons was born. It was also the beginning of a new chapter in her life, filled with the familiar volunteer work for the usual Jewish women's organizations. There were meetings, committees, chairmanships and programs. Constant projects to occupy young Mrs. Wagner. There was also the arrival three years later of Keith, and in 1956 the birth of Alan; but even looking after her boys didn't really slow her down. "In 1960 I joined the League of Women Voters and found it wonderfully challenging. The broader community scope particularly appealed, to me". She was quick to add "I didn't drop any of my Jewish activities. I just kept adding more to my list."

Sylvia Wagner

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Somewhere along that time "more" also included acting in some Community Playhouse productions and roles in plays at most of the local dinner theaters. In addition, there were radio and television commercials and even some work with educational films. Later came some part time retail selling in the jewelry business of a friend who needed some help. This was a pleasant diversion for a while, until a call came asking her to establish an advertising department for the Jewish Press. Again, she used the word "challenge". "It was a new endeavor and I found it both exhausting and rewarding. I sold the ads, often did the art work, and very often collected the bills." She reminisces about having done the entire advertising section of the first Passover issue. After three years she left the Press, and occupied herself with other interests for awhile. Added to her credits must be the Learning Center for Jewish Women at Beth El Synagogue. The formation of this educational group has been responsible for significant changes in the lives of many women. Sylvia says "it's so wonderful to see women with no previous religious training involved in learning Hebrew, studying and; absorbing. And seeing them able, for the first time in their lives, to actively participate in such traditions ao reading from the Torah or ascending the Bimah for an Aliyah." For the past four years, this busy woman has served as an elected member of the Omaha City Council, a post which even a human dynamo finds both demanding and rewarding. As we visited she discussed some of the negatives as well as the positive factors associated with being a very public figure. She spoke of the flack from opposing factions and the critics who made loud noises, but immediately followed with an account of the calls and messages from supporters who urge her on. "I can always count on hearing from people who want to know how to help, what to do." At the present time, Sylvia Wagner is actively in : volved with an astonishing list of boards and organizations. She has a national position on the steering committee of the Policy Committee on Energy, Environment and Infrastructure for the National League of Cities. This group determines the thrust of lobbying on these types of issues in Washington. She proudly says "I have taken the middlewestern viewpoint to D.C. and it has been heard." She also serves on the Nebraska Environmental Control Council, the Board of Directors of the Greater Omaha Corporation, the United Way of the Midlands and was the 1983 Woman of the Year in government for the Nebraska Women's Caucus. She is a past president of the League of Women Voters and counts among present activities, service on the Ritual committee at Beth El. The weekly Study and Luncheon Group with the rabbi is also on her agenda. After discussing all of this, Sylvia Bernstein Wagner says thoughtfully, "the changing role of the Jewish woman? I disagree. My role hasn't changed — opportunities have changed. I still have the same role. I'm still Bobie, and very proud of it. I'm still mother to my kids and wife to my Bob. I still maintain a kosher kitchen and while I'm busy all week, I still enjoy preparing a special dinner for Shabbat. And Passover is still the busiest week of all. Changing role? Certainly not." She did expand however, on the changing opportunities for women today, happily pointing out the available options that women once didn't have. At the same time I heard this woman who exudes self-confidence emphasize the importance of preparing one'sself for whatever choice is made. She plainly says "I'm good at what I do, because I'm trained . .. and that's the secret, being prepared. I'm not afraid of failure because I don't take on something for which I'm unprepared. She takes pride in being her own person — in never waiting for something to come to her, but rather in approaching head-on whatever she wanted. But even while acknowledging her independence she is quick to praise her husband for his constant supportive attitude toward her,work. She says "we're a team. We work together. I know he's there." She credits her parents, the late Ida and Jake Bernstein for teaching her to not be afraid of failure. "They had such courage, such strength. They always encouraged, always were right there. They always know they could manage." Then, wistfully, she says, "oh if I could be the role model my Mother was — such self confidence!" Not to worry Madame Councilperson. You appear to have cornered trie market. Not to worry Madame Councilperson. You appear to have cornered the market. Not only that, but YOUR role hasn't changed. You still feel at home in your kitchen, but your seat on the Council is also comfortable. .

Much 29,1985

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Reform Jewish movement issues new marriage document maic ketubah was no longer acceptable for the Reform Movement. While it was a great advance when it was first written more than a thousand years ago, in today's terms it was sexist and non-spiritual. It was beautiful to look at, but not to read." The new ketubah was designed by Boston artist Cynthia Bell, who was chosen through a nationwide competition. Ms. Bell has specialized in Hebrew calligraphy and in art using Jewish themes. Her design While the wording of the CCAR ketubah has ele- incorporates many motifs used in traditional handments drawn from that of the traditional ketubah, it made ketubahs. is innovative in its use of identical nuptial vows forTo assure its quality and durability, the CCAR keboth husband and wife. In addition, all of the text tubah has been printed on heavy acid-free paper of dealing with the husband's financial obligations to his wife has been eliminated as inappropriate for archival quality manufacturered by Fabriano, Italy's oldest continuously operating paper mill. The printmodern times. ing is done in America, using four-color lithography According to Rabbi Maslin, "The customary Ara- with gold stamping. The ketubah will be sold for $45. NEW YORK — The first ever Reform Jewish ketubah — the document used for formalizing Jewish weddings — has been issued by the Central Conference of American Rabbis. Rabbi Simeon J. Maslin, who chaired the committee that produced the new ketubah, said it was being issued now in response to demand for a uniform and official document that all Reform Jews could accept.

A smaller version of the ketubah, without the gold stamping, is being made available by the Union of American Hebrew Congregations. The Central Conference of American Rabbis is the professional association of Reform rabbis in the United States, Canada, and abroad. Located in New York City, its address is 21 East 40 Street, New York, NY 10016. Founded in 1889 by Rabbi Isaac Mayer Wise, the CCAR is thought to be the largest publisher of Jewish liturgy in the world. Its publications include The Five Scrolls, a new translation of five Biblical books with illustrations by Leonard Baskin, Gates of the Seasons: A Guide to the Jewish Year, A Passover Haggadah, and Gates of Mitzyah: A Guide to the Jewish Life Cycle.

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March 29, 1885

Jewish Press

The Jewish woman in the middle ,

Review by Julee Katzman middle. One is the ever increasing number of older The midlife woman — Being the growing statistic people in our society. The three million people over is a complex phenomenon unique to this age of the age of 05 in 1900 has increased to 25 million jat lengthened life spans and changing roles for women. the present time and at the current rate, by the year "Women in the Middle" have been identified as those 2000, one in every six Americans will be an older women who are mid-generation within their family person. unit, often in their middle years, and in the 'middle' This demographic trend, coupled with the large of a variety of demanding and multiple roles. scale entry of women into the work force, has created In response to this trend and its impact on Jewish added responsibilities, obligations and pressures for women, the Jewish Education and American Affairs Departments of Hadassah commissioned a series of the 20th century female. essays which have been compiled into a study series The aspect of the "Jewish Woman in the Middle" entitles "The Jewish Woman in the Middle". Con- dealt with extensively in this publication is that of tributing authors provide insights into the identifi* the woman's responsibility in a multi-generational cation and make-up of the Jewish woman who finds family. It explores the position of the Jewish woman herself in the middle of conflicts of time, energy, com- who must deal with aging parents while she juggles mitments and values. her duties as mother, wife, career woman and vol"Woman in the Middle" by Elaine M. Brody, di- unteer. Contributing authors, Dr. Walter Wurzberger, rector of the Department of Human Services at the Rabbi of Congregation Shaaray Tifila, Lawrence N.Y. Philadelphia Geriatric>Center, describes the woman and Professor of Philosophy, Yeshiva University, and in the middle and the reasons for her emergence in Blu Greenberg, a contemporary writer and lecturer, contemporary society. She cites the two "tremendous write on the theme of children's obligation to parents. forces" that have converged to place women in the Rabbi Wurzberger discusses in "Obligation Towards

Aged Parents", the conflict over individual priorities, family responsibilities and the position of Judaism in these issues. He expresses a belief that there is a breakdown in the contemporary family and that many adults are guilty of a lack of "personal contact" with their aged parents. Mr. Greenberg writes also of the care of aging parents and analyzes with sensitivity the difficulties of coping with competing demands of family while maintaining important Jewish values. There are no clear cut answers for dealing with the • changes that midlife women are facing. It is apparent, however, that growing numbers of women are finding themselves in the 'middle' of a myriad of' roles in which they must function and for which they are often unprepared. Kach woman, unique in herself, comes to mid life with her own special situation. By focusing on the Jewish Woman in the Middle through research and education, positive steps can be taken to aid these women and their families to deal effectively with the societal and demographic changes that have affected our families while maintaining the Jewish traditions which we hold so dear. •>

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Jewish Press

March 28,1985

She's committed to The Jewish Day School By Claudia Sherman Workday mornings begin about 5:30 for Jody Goldstein, the new director of The Jewish Day School. As she and her .six-year-old daughter Heather get ready to go to The Day School, Jody's • husband Raymond, gets three-year-old Stephanie ready to go to the babysitter. "The whole operation is shared," Jody said. They share the housework and the daily tasks of caring for their daughters. "We make the time to look at school papers, read the stories and sing the songs," she said. "We alternate between girls. I don't think I'm cut out to stay home. It might affect my kids. I wouldn't be as disciplined if I stayed home." A native of Endicott, N. Y., Jody started working at the age of 13 when her parents were divorced. It became a necessity for her mother to work then, and in order for Jody to have her own spending money, she babysat, worked at a candy store, wrapped gifts, and worked at horse stables where she did "all the dirty work. You name it. I did it," she laughed. Her fondness for horses carried through to adulthood. She owns a horse today. "I ride her twice a week," Jody said. Her high school years were spent in Albuquerque, N. M. She started college at New Mexico State where she planned to major in pre-veterinary studies. Jody said, "I was the only woman in a class of 50 pre-vet students." The instructor tried to discourage her from entering what he considered "a male occupation." It • made Jody recall how her mother regretted not becoming an engineer, a male-dominated field especially for her generation. Alter two years of college, Jody met Ray. Not wanting to be separated from

one another, they married in 1968 and moved to Lincoln, Ne., where Ray worked on his IJhD degree, in education. UNL didn't offer a pre-veterinary program, so .Jody switched her major to education. "1 took 18 to 19 hours a semester," she recalled. She wanted to get her degree as soon as possible so she could gel a job, while Ray studied for his degree. She graduated in 1970 with a bachelor of science in education. "My first job," the now Jewish Day School director noted, "was at St..Mary's Catholic Church in Lincoln." She worked with first and fourth graders as the director of a non-public followthrough program which was designed for bilingual, disadvantaged children. Jody described this federally-funded program as a follow-through from the governmentally-financed Head Start preschool program. After two years at St. Mary's, she taught the same kind of curriculum in the Lincoln Public School system. Ray .received his degree and accepted a job at Creighton University. For the next two years, Jody commuted back and forth from their home in Omaha to her job in Lincoln. "I liked it," she said. "I could blast the radio, have time to myself, and enjoy the scenery." By the time Jody .and Ray had been married for eight years, they started talking to adoption agencies because she hadn't been able to become pregnant. She began looking.for a job in the Omaha area as the adoption agencies weren't in favor of her driving 100 miles a day. She was hired by Ralston Public Schools and shortly thereafter became pregnant with Heather who was born in 1978. Their second daughter, Jessica, was born in 1979. At the age of ten months, after being ill a short time, she died

Happy Passover

Jody Goldstein suddenly. "In a matter of 24 hours, my vices at her synagogue, there was no life changed" Jody recalled. A little policy to follow to allow their teachers more gradually, she realized her prior- to miss school. "I resented that maybe ities had changed too. "I didn't become I'd have to call in sick and lie," Jody pessimistic," she explained, "but there explained. Eventually she was advised were changes in my outlook on life. I to write a letter to her principal which stopped worrying about cleaning had to be approved by the superinhouse." Knowing how quickly life can tendent, and then she had to make up change, it became even more important the days missed; "I was glad that we at to her to share time with her family no least had an impact on the system," she matter what the house looked like. In said. memory of Jessica, Jody and Ray have This past December, Jody and the established a Grief Library at Beth El other first grade teacher in her school Synagogue, with resources available to decided that instead of a gift exchange people who experience any kind of a at Christmas time, each child would be loss whether it be through divorce or asked to bring anywhere from a nickel death. to one dollar to donate to the WorldAs a teacher in the Ralston Public Herald's Ethiopian food fund. The chilSchool system, Jody knew of only one dren would still have their holiday other Jewish instructor there. When it party, but they'd forego the gift ex(continued on page 26) came to attending High Holiday ser-

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March 29,1985

Jewish Press

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MARILYN ABRAHAM PAUIJNE AHRAHAMS HELEN ADRAHAMSON EDITH AliRAMS DOKIS ABHAMSON CAROLYN ABRAMSON GAIL AHRAMSON CHARLOTTE ADLER ELLEN A1.B1N PAMELA KAUVAR ELEANOR ALEXANDER EVELYN ALPERIN MAIUORIE ALPERSON SHIRLEY ALTUSULER SALLY APPEL ANDREA ARNOLD SHURA ASTOR RENA BA1LEN MARLEE BAILEY HELEN BAKER JUDY BAKER SONYA BAKER JEANETTE BAN RENEE BARACK CELIA BARRON GLORIA BA8SIK JANE BATT FRANCES BATT BERTHA BATT HINDY BATT BESS BECKER MAYA BECKERMAN BASYA BECKERMAN GLORIA BEJNA SANDRA BELGRADE ELIZABETH BELMONT • ANN BELMONT SANDRA BENNETT DEBORAH BERGMAN ANN BERMAN MARILYN BERMAN SOFY BERMAN MARY BERMAN IDA BERMAN MARY BERNSTEIN AMY BERNSTEIN MARSHA BESSINGER JUDI BINIAMOW CELIA BLANK RHODA BLATT LORI BLATT MARILYN BLATT RACHEL BLEICHER JUNIBLOCH. CAROL BLOCH ,• GAYLEBLUMK1N FRANCES BLUMKIN CLAUDIA BOEHM GEORGIA BOGDANOFF DIANA BOIKO HILDA BOPP FANNIE BORDY ' GENEVIEVE BORNSTEIN JEANBRESEL SUSAN BREZACK ANNE BRODER HELEN BRODKEY RAE BRODKEY LUCILLE BOQDKEY BETH BRODKEY BESS BRODKEY CAROL BRODKEY SANDRA BRODKEY SHIRLEY W. BRODY JANE BROOKS LILLIAN BROOKSTEIN ' PHYLLIS BROWN DEBORAH BROWN EUDICE CANAR ESTHER CANAR GALE CHORNEY DEBRA CHASEN HARRIET CHERNIACK CATHY CHRISTENSEN MILDRED CHUDACOFF FANNIE£HUNOVIC SHARON CIPPERLEY SALLY CLAYMAN ANNE COHEN MARCIA COHEN JEANNE COHEN - JONI COHEN JOYCE COHEN TOBA ANN COHEN .• ILEANE COHEN LEONA COHN PAM COHN

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• LAURIE HERMAN DONNA HF.RSCH HKTTY HILL COOKIE HOBERMAN PAULINE HOBERMAN JUDY HOFFMAN ADEI.E HORNSTKIN " JOAN HOHWICH BONNIE IIOIIWICH RICKI.IE HOYT FIARENCE HURWITZ BARBARA HURWITZ ADDI.AY IDLER TAMARA IDLER IOBLI. ITK1N JUDY ITKIN JUDY ITZKOWITZ sum JACKNIS OLGA JACOBOW JOAN JACOBSON ELLEN JAEGER SHERYN JOFFE •IUDY.IOSEPHSON DEBBIE JOSEPHSON EMMA.IOSIN EILEEN KADER SARAH KADER NELLIE KADIS TOBY KAGAN EI.SA KAHN FEODORA KAHN SOPHIE KAHN ILSB KAHN MARLENE KAHN MARY KAIMAN RONNA K A P U N SALLY KAPIJW SUZANNE KAPLAN BERNICE KAPLAN DOROTHY KAPLAN JERI K A P U N FRANKIE KASIN EVELYN KASIJOW GLORIA KASLOW RENEE KASNER EDYTHEKASS RANDI KATELMAN PATRICIA KATSKEE EVEKATSKEE EVELYN KATZ NAN KATZ MRS.LEROY KATZ • MINETTE KATZ SOPHIE KATZ ARLIE KATZMAN MERRYLEE KATZMAN

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JANE KULAKOFSKY ' JULIE KUI.LY . LESLIE KULLY FIjOKKriE KUPFEH BARBARA KUSHNER KIMHKRI.Y KUSHNKU SANDRA KUTI.RR FANNIE I.AGMAN SUSAN LANDOW CELIA LAZAR MABEL LAZER MARTHA I.F.HEK STEPHANIE LRHOWITZ SHEHYI. LEE BETH LEEDS CINDY I.RHH JOAN l.EIIR SUSAN I.EHH BOBBIE I.EIH0WII7, LINDSEY MII.I.ERI.ERMAN YOUNDA I.ERNER MARTHA I.ERNER DOHEEN I.ERNER JUDY I.ERNEH INALRV1CH SALLY LEVIN JANE LEVIN ANNR I.EVINSON BARBARA I.EVITAN DEBORAH I.RVITAN JENNIFER I.EVITAN LESLIE LEVY BETTY LEVY MAIUORIE LEVY M1NDAI.EVY LISA LEWIS BARBARA I.F.WIS BERT LEWIS HOCHELLB I.F.WIS LILLIAN LIBB DOROTHY LIPP HELEN LIPP IJOUISE LIPPBTT MARCIA I.IPSMAN TAYBA LITVIN SARAH WURMAN FRIEDA LUEFSCHUR'I'Z JAN LUND ' . JOAN LUPUIJOFF . THEI.MA LUSTGAHTEN CAROLYN MAGID TIFFANY MAGID NORMA MALASHOCK BARBARA MALASHOCK RUTH MAI.INE ADEI.E MANDELL

To You, The Women of The Omaha JCC — Thank You for the time and energy you devote to your world and to the community. Your caring enriches us all! rj-|

•

Ilene t v l C l I l , President, ICC

••

Steve Rod, Executive Director

CAROL- G O L D B E R G - • ':••••

.BARBARA7 GOLDNER KAY LYNN GOLDNER RUTH GOLDSTEIN JUDI GOLDSTEIN ANN GOLDSTEIN HELENE GOLDSTEIN FLORENCE GOLDSTEIN SHIRLEY GOLDSTEIN JODY GOLDSTEIN EDITH GOLDSTEIN BETTY GOLDSTROM STEPHANIE GOLDSTROM DORA GOLDSTROM RINI GONSHER ' JUNE GOODBINDER . ARLENE GOODMAN PATT1 GOODMAN GLORIA GOODMAN DELMA GOODMAN ESTHER GORDMAN ELLEN GORDMAN LINDA GORDMAN . JULIE GORDMAN ' LINDA GORDMAN RANDI GORDMAN GENEVIEVE GORDON LEONA GOTSDINER ESTHER GRAETZ DEBORATH GREENE SHARON GREENE SHERRI GREEN CARYL GREENBERG NANCY GREENBERG WENDY GREENBERG . SYLVIA GREENBERG NAOMI GREENBERG MILDRED GREENBERG JANICE GREENBERG GRACE GREENBLATT DEBORAH GREENE SARAH GREENFIELD -ROSALIE GREENSPAN LESLIE GREENWALD ROSE GROSS PEARL GROSS ANNE GROSSMAN JOY GROSSMAN LILLIAN GUSS PAULINE GUSS MARGIE GUTNIK JOANHACKEL MARGOHACKEL ANNAHAHN SARALEE HARDING MARTI HARRIS ESTHER HART KAREN HASSLINGER ELENA HAYKIN RETHA HERMAN

ROSE'KATZMAN BESSE KATZMAN MADELINE KATZMAN CAROL KATZMAN ANNE KATZMAN < JUDY KATZMAN ANDREA KAV1CH RUTH KAVICH LEIKELBERG LINDA KENYON KATHRYN KENYON MEREDITH KENYON FRANCES KIMMEL CHERYL KIRKE HEDY KIRKE . DEBBIE KIRSHENBAUM MAXINE KIRSHENBAUM MYRNA KIRSHENBAUM JOAN KIRSHENBAUM MARJORIE KIRSHENBAUM ROSEMARY KIRSHENBAUM ,' SUSAN KIRSHENBAUM ILENE KLEIN VICKI KLEIN HARRIET KLOPPER ALLISON KOHLL CYNTHIA KOHLL GAIL KOHLL SANDRA KOHLL • SADIE KOHN SHERRY KOHN MOLLIE KOHN FRIEDA KOLM MARILYN KONIGSBERG DORIS KOOM SHARON KOOPER DOROTHY KOOPER GERTRUDE KORNEY EVA KOSINOVSKY LEAH KOSINOVSKY SHANE KOTOK BECKY KOZLEN BETTEKOZLEN EDITH KRANTZ ROSE KRANTZ SHIRLEY KRANTZ TERRI KRASNE EMMY KRASOV1TSKY SELMAKREITMANi CHERYL KRICSFELD FLORENCE KRICSFELD DOROTHY KRIPKE JUDI KRIZELMAN JEAN KRUPINSKY LAURIE .10 KUHN HILDEGARD KUKAWKA

AMY MANN KATHYMANN LINDA MANN IDA MANN FANNIE MANVITZ WENDY MANVITZ MARILYN MANVITZ LISA MANVITZ JUDITH MARBURG HARRIET MARCUS PEARL MARCUS LIBBY MARCUS ANNE MARGOLIN HARRIET MARKO SANDRA MARTIN JUDY MARTIN JODY MARTIN .10 MARTIN DEBRA MASCHINO PAULINE MAYER ESTHER MEICHES BEATRICE MENDELOFF ROCHELLE MEYERS SUE MEYERS KATHLEEN MEYERSON DEENIE MEYERSON HELEN MEYERSON ELLA MILDER FRANCES MILDER LOIS MILDER NAN MILDER HARRIET MILLER SHARON MILLER (JIXJRIA MILLIMET ELLEN MIRSON NAOMI MITCHELL ETHEL MOGIL SUSAN MOGIL LYRA MONASEE LISAMONASEE . JUDITH MOORE DALE MOSS SHERLMULNICK LINDA MUSKIN BOUATHON MUSKIN MARY MUSKIN MARY BETH MUSKIN BKTTIB MUSKIN TRACY MUSKIN ROSENADLER . .lEANETfTE NADOFF ANDREA NEFF JANE NEFF JEAN NEFF JEANNETTE NEPOMNICK . PHYLLIS NEWMAN

DORIS NRWMAN SADYR NEWMAN SHAKKK NEWMAN HOSE NEWMAN HARItAKA NII.AND PATTY NII.AND EDITH NODDLE NANC'Y NODDLE SUSAN NODDLE BARBARA NOGG SANDRA NOGG 0ZZ1E NOGG HABR NOGG RUTH NOGG ADAI.YN NOGG RUTH NOGG PATTY NOGG RITA NOVAK NORMA NOVAK AMY NOVICOFF CAROLYN NOVICOFF WENDY NOVICOFF REVA OHUCH REGINA OSTEN SUSAN PAI.EY BRA PAPPENHEIMER MARLRNR PARILMAN I.EEJANE PARSOW FEFE PASSER EDITH PASSER MAXINE PASSER SHRRI PASSER LINDA PATTON JUDI PAUL NANCY PRAHLMAN LESLIE PENNER EI.INORE PENNER JAMS PEREI.MAN VICKI PERI.METEH ANN PICKEL HILDA PIECK CATHERINE PIECK MARCIA PITWR KIM P1.ATT LISA PI.ATT DEHI PLATT KARRN PI.OTKIN FRANCES PLOTKIN SHEII.A POLIKOV KAREN POLLAK BI.UMA POLONSKI

PAULINE SRI.NEK MIRIAM SHAFFKK KACHKL SHAHAK AUDREY SHAPIRO IX)RA SHRFHEN SUZANNE SHELDON NADEZHA SHEIX)N PHYLLIS SHERMAN IX)I USE SHERMAN PATTY SHERMAN DEBRA SHERMAN CLAUDIA SHERMAN ELLEN SHERMAN ANITA SHIPLEY IXJIS SHKOI.NICK STEFFIE SHRAdO SARAH SHHACO DANITA SHRAGO TERYLSHR1EH HELEN SHUKEHT AVRVA SHUKRKT DORIS SHUKKin' ROSE SHWAiri'SMAN SUSAN SHYKEN DOROTHY SIEGEI. TERRY SIEGEI. SIMMY SIEGEI. JUDITH SIFF MARY SILVER SUSAN SILVER SUSAN SII.VEHMAN EVE SIMON LESLIE SIMON GRHTRUDK SIMON ESTHER SIMON FU)RRNCE SIMON KATHRYN SIMON TRACY SIMON BVRI.YN SIMONS CYNTHIA SIMONS JUDITH SIMONS LINDA SIMONS SUZANNE SINGBH MAIUORIE .SINGER MARY SIREF NANCY SKID SANDY SU)AN ELLEN SI/OSHURG ELEANOR SLOSBUHG CHARLOTTE SLUTZKY

DEBRA POI.SKY IDARUTH POSTER RUTH POTASH IDA POTASH MARILYN PRRD RACH^EL PRED RUTH RASKIN DEBRA RATNER JODI RAVEN MIRIAM RAYHEHC ANDREA REDLER DODI REDLER MARY REICH IJOHRAINF. KEISS CLARA JANE REVTTCH ESTHER RICE RUTH RICE CHARLOTTE RICH MARY RICH BEVERLY RICH DIANE RICH ELAINE RICHARDS IDA RICHARDS JENNIE RICHMAN JOAN HIEDER LORI RIRDER DOROTHY HIRKRS MARCO HIRKRS DOROTHY RIEKES CARYN RIFKIN MOLI.YE RIMERMAN BARBARA RIPS JOAN RIPS" NANCY RIPS SHARLENR HIPS MICHAEI.A ROBERTS FRANCES ROBINSON PAM ROCHMAN JULIE ROCHMAN FRAN HOD YVR'ITE ROFFMAN 'EDYE ROFFMAN PHYLLIS ROFFMAN ROSE ROFFMAN LINDA ROFFMAN JUDITH ROFFMAN CARIN ROFFMAN SILVIA ROFFMAN SUSAN ROFFMAN JULIE ROFFMAN SUSAN ROMANIK ROSE ROSEN MAIUORIE ROSEN JOYCE ROSEN JOAN ROSEN MAHGO ROSEN SUSAN ROSENBAUM REVA KOSENHAUM RACHEL ROSENBERG MIRIAM ROSENBERG , WENDY ROSENBLATT SONDRA ROSENBLATT ANN ROSENBLATT WENDI ROSENBLATT DOTTY ROSENBLUM JANICE ROSINSKY WILLIS ROSS CHARI/OTTE ROSS SYLVIA ROSS EDITH ROSS JEANNE ROSS RECilNA ROTHENBERG IRIT ROY JAYNE RUBACK MARCIA RUBACK EVA RUBACK FAYE RUBACK SUZY RUBIN LYNN RUBIN DIANA RUBIN MAUREEN RUSHENBERG ROSE SABES MONICA SACKS LISA SADOFSKY JANETTE SALKIN LYNNE SALTZMAN EILEEN SAX JACKIE SAYLAN JULIA SCHAPIRO JOYCE SCHM1DMAN CINDY SCHNEIDER BETHSCHRAOER TERRI SCHRAGER ANNSCHULMAN ROSE SCHUPACK PAULA SCHWALB CHANAH SCHWALB ANN KIBEL SCHWARTZ PHYLLIS SCHWARTZ SUSANSEIDLER RUTH SELDIN BEVERLY SELDIN SARAH SELDIN TRACY SELDIN LOIS SELNER

DEBBIE'SMEDLUND FRANCES SNYDER HELEN SOIREF DEHHASOMBERC BRAI'RICE SOMMEH AUDREY SOPHIH PENNY SOPH IR MARCIE SOPHIH SUSAN SOPH 1 It CHARI.OTTB SPRIGI.MAN ' LINDA SPEI.LMAN DEVRA SPIEGAI. HETH STAKNHKKH ZEI.DA STALMASTKH U)HI STAN AMY STEGMAN MUHIRI. STRINIIKRG CAROLYN STERN ROCHELLR STERN JUDITH STERN .HKRTA'STKRN LILLY S'TOI.I.EH HI-riTY STUDNA SYLVIA SUMMER KATHRKINE SUSMAN LORI SWKKT • LUBA TAI.PAI.A'TSKY SAND! 'TANNEN PATTATEI.MAN , SHERRY TAXMAN JUDITH TKICHMAN DONIA TEMPLE (•.AYLETICHAURR IRRHY THACHTRNBAHG HII.I.IRTHACHTRNIIAIUi 1 SHIRLEY TRACHTRNKARH SYLVIA THE1.I.ER SEI.MA TRKTIAK ALICE THUS TIN NIL: TWRHSKY ELLEN TUCKER 'I'KVKKTURKKL ESTRI.I.R TURKRI. BARBARA UEHI.INC JUDITH VANN CAM. VETTZER JUDTTH VRITZER PAMELA VEITZER SALLY VRNCEH REVAVYGINOV SHIRLEY WAGNER SYLVIA WAGNER MIRIAM WALDBAUM MARY WALKER MARILYN WARREN PHYLLIS WASSERMAN ESTHER WAX JULIE WAX . KAREN WAX JANICE WAYNE JOANN WEILF.R JUDY WF.ILI. RITA WEINBERG MAYNARD WEINBERG INA WEINER TILLIE WEINRR LYNN WEINER WENDY WEINER KAY WEINSTEIN LI LI WEINSTEIN ANNE WEITZ ELINOR WHITMAN CHERYL WiDMAN CAROLE WIDMAN ANNA WIESMAN ALYNE WIGODSKY PATSY WIGODSKY CINDIE WILLIAMS FREDELL WILLIAMS LOIS WINE MARION WINE JANET WINTROUB DORIS WINTROUB SALLY WINTROUB SIDNEY WINTROUB EDYTHE WOLF WENDY WOLKENSTEIN ANNETTE YAFFE DOROTHY YAFFE SANDRA YUDELSON MARGARETTE YUDEI.SON PHYLLIS ZABIN TERRY ZACHARIA SARAH ZALKIN PELA ZEIDERMAN MARILYN ZEVITZ . DOROTHY ZEVITZ DIANE ZIPAY CHARLOTTE ZIPURSKY NORA ZOOB" ROSLYNZOOB BEVERLY ZUBER JUDITH ZUCKER HERMENE ZWEIBACK ROSIE ZWEIBACK EVELYN ZYSMAN

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March 29,1985

Jody Goldstein (continued from page 24) change. Jody described her first graders' parents as "irate." Her principal, who had been supportive of her, eventually pleaded with her to have a gift exchange because the parents were making such a nuisance. The children ended up having a gift exchange and making a donation to The World-Herald fund. On January 14 this year, the school Christmas party dilemma came to an end for Jody when she moved into her new office at The Jewish Day School. The school had been without a director since last June, and Jody, as a member of the School Board, had been involved

in finding a new director. A professional search agency that did the advertising and preliminary interviewing for a director called her for an interview after she had been recommended for the job by an educational administrator in Lincoln. "I'm committed to The Jewish Day School," Jody said, "I have a daughter here, and I've already put a lot of time in here." She sees The Day School as an environment where Jewish children feel comfortable. Small class size with a teacher/student ratio of one to ten allows for individualized instruction. All the rabbis helped design the Jewish curriculum. We follow state guidelines on secular studies." The school day is one hour, 15 minutes longer than the public schools' to allow for two hours a

Jody answers a question

Passover

J

To you and your family from all of us at World Radio

day of Judaica studies. Effort is made, Jody explained, to make the Judaica studies interesting and enjoyable through singing, conversation, and holiday celebrations. The children also have written Hebrew exercises to do. We want to make their learning useful, to bring in tradition, and make it fun, she said, "to give the children a Jewish identity without overwhelming them." Jody enumerated four goals she has for The Day School's future: The first is to make it a very professional place. Secondly, she wants to make it as environmentally conducive as possible to the children's learning. Next, she wants the teachers to have the best education possible. She thinks in-service training programs for teachers are helpful. Her fourth goal is to build up the school's enrollment. This year the school has kindergarten through second grade classes. Next year, they intend to go through third grade, eventually going up through sixth grade. On standarized testing such as the California Achievement Test, The Day School students rate "above the children in public M hools," Jody said.

school herself. "Ray encouraged me to go back to school," she said. She received her master of science degree in special education/learning disabilities in 1982 from UNO. She's currently enrolled at UNO working on a certification in elementary education administration. "You have to have the support of your family," Jody explained, in order to handle a full-time career, a family, and taking care of a home as well as continuing her education. Jody describes herself as highly organized and energetic."I've worked hard all my life," she said. She served as youth director at Beth El Synagogue from 1980 to 1984. As a volunteer, she not only has been active on the Board of The Jewish Day School as the curriculum chairman, but she was also a member of the ADL/ CRC Education Committee.

"I like to think of myself as sensitive to other people, fair and able to make decision," Jody said. "I want to see people accept a person for what they are, the way they are," she continued,"and not to look at their color,or religion. I hope my children will have the desire Initially, "Heather was real excited" to work and work hard, but not have to have her mother at The Day School, stereotypes set up against them." Jody but "it's 'old hat' to her now," Jody mentioned how a third grader at her added. "She's a little more independent school in Ralston approached her on and self-sufficient than other kids her the playground just prior to her leaving age," Jody remarked. "Heather is a for The Jewish Day School. "If you're swimmer. Stephanie likes animals. I going to The Jewish Day School, does rode my horse until two weeks before that mean you're Jewish?" The youngsshe was born," Jody smiled. "I've taken ter asked. When Jody confirmed that lessons in horse jumping, and I'd like she is Jewish, the little girl chirped, to be in some competition," she said. "I "You don't look Jewish." like to garden, too," she added. The Goldsteins have a canoe which they enAs for female stereotypes, Jody said joy together on family outings in the she hopes her daughters will grow up summer. "We like to fish, too," Jody said. "But I hated driving carpools dur- to live in a society in which "equal oping the summers when I didn't work," portunity for women will mean they don't have to prove themselves. It will she admitted. . just be expected that women have the Some summers, Jody has attended same qualifications as men."

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Esther Wax

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By Claudia Sherman When she was only three or four years old, Esther Pittelman Wax was already picking out little tunes on the piano. She hadn't begun taking lessons yet. "Piano has been a very important part of my life," she. said. The piano serves as- "an outlet" for her to express her happiness and her sorrow, "to get my feelings out," she explained. "While my brother was being tutored in Hebrew, I was practicing the piano," said Esther. "They had to pull me away." In fact, "my music came before Hebrew School," she said.. Esther's parents, Hyman and Mae Pittelman, immigrated to the United States from Russia as children. Esther and her brother, who is two and onehalf years her senior, were both born in Milwaukee, Wis. "We were very fond of each other," she mentioned .describing her relationship with her brother. "We never fought." Mae Pittelman suffered from asthma so when Hyman gained the rights along with a cousin to a gold mine in Arizona, the family moved there. "We lived in a tent and ate on an ironing board," Esther recalled. After about a month, the family moved,into Tucson and "went back into the grocery business as they had been in when they lived in Milwaukee. "We were a very close family," mentioned Esther. The store, Dunn's Market, was attached to their home. Esther went to grade school across the street for four years. She started taking piano lessons when she was about seven years old on the little Upright her parents bought. "Every Sunday we went to the mountains on picnics. My parents took us wherever they went. There were no babysitters in those days." In 1944, the Pittelmans, who missed their relatives "back home" moved back to Milwaukee. Esther went to high school, joined B'nai B'rith Girls, and continued her piano lessons. She was a district winner in the 1945 National Piano Playing Auditions. She also played in proficiency auditions under the National Guild of Piano Teachers. When she was 15, she appeared in her own recital at the Milwaukee Art Institute. The "Milwaukee Journal" reported that "The talented 15-year-old pianist has won many interested followers through appearances on radio and television broadcasts. In the 1945 National Piano Auditions the youthful pianist was declared a winner because of her superior average." In 1950, Esther was selected as one of eight pianists who were featured at the 14th Biennial Music Festival of the Milwaukee Public Schools. She was also chosen to be one of four pianists who played with the AllCity High School Band and was a_soloist in her high school's orchestra. "I also played in a dance band in' high school," she said. She was part of a trio that included a violin and a cello player which played at dinners, "little background things, and for fun," she added. Esther's cousin, who was in the trio, plays now in the New York Metropolitan Opera Orchestra.' Hyman Pittelman died when Esther was 15. "My •parents were too close," Esther said. "When my father died, my mother was lost; she had no close friends. I swore I'd never let that happen to me," she remarked. After graduating high school, Esther went to work. She became a legal secretary. Her mother had wanted her to go to a music school in the East. However, with her brother already in college, it would have been a financial strain. Working full-time, Esther quit taking piano lessons. She did beco'me a B'nai B'rith adviser as soon as she finished high school, "because I enjoyed working with the girls and I had been an active BBG'er, and it was my way of continuing," explained Esther. She also accompanied Milwaukee's Perhift Players, the oldest non-professional Yiddish speaking group in the world. Through her activities in the B'nai B'rith Youth Organization, Esther first met Jim Wax, who was in high school at the time. Five or six years later, "my piano teacher fixed me up with him on a blind date," Esther said. "I knew I was going to marry hirri after that date," .she added. They did get married about two and one-half years later. That was 27 years ago. "We lived in Madison, Wis., one year while Jim finished medical school and then one year in Milwaukee while he completed his internship. Their first child, Howard, was born in Milwaukee. Then in 1959, the family moved to Omaha where Jim was a resident at Children's Memorial Hospital. . . . Esther stayed home to care for Howard and four years later, the Waxes adopted Marcy after Esther had been told she wouldn't be able to Have anymore children. Three years later, however, she was pregant with her third child, Karen. She said, "I thought I was sick," but her obstetrician told her, "It was nothing, just another tax deduction." While still nursing Karen, Esther became pregnant with the Waxes' fourth child, Julie. "Enough miracles." she told her doctor. • • These days, Howard is going to school at the Uni-

March 29,1985

versity of Nebraska at Omaha. He was a Yeshiva student for about two years before returning Rome. Marcy lives in Kansas City and is married and the mother of two children, " who Jim and 1 adore," Esther added. Karen, who works at Creighton University in the pediatric clinic, is engaged and, Julie will, be graduating high i.;chool this spring. She plans to major in accounting in college. Howard, Karen and Julie live with their parents. Esther talked about how she was always home when her children came home from school. She did help Jim in the office when his clerical staff couldn't work. "I started bowling, but I took Karen and Julie with me," she recalled. She felt it was important to keep her home Jewish. But "you can't predict what your children are going to do in the future. They're going to make their own choices, and you can't disown them. We can influence their future, but we can't make it for them." Being a doctor's wife can be "hard when you go out." It means going alone sometimes or coining home alone, she noted. "But I've never resented it. I'm proud of what Jim does, and I try to be his best representative," she remarked. Esther joined B'nai B'rith Women while she still lived in Milwaukee. She contacted the Omaha Chapter when she moved here. That was just the beginning. She was president of the Omaha Chapter of B'nai B'rith women twice, and she was on the B'nai B'rith Women's Regional Board for two years. "B'nai B'rith gave me my roots in the beginning with Jewish girls," she states. "I believe in their programs and the things they do," such as sponsoring the Anti-Defamation League, and Hillel on college campuses, and the B'nai B'rith Youth Organization programs. There are also programs for women such as Operation Stork which is usually run jointly with the March of Dimes to aid pregnant women in getting medical treatment. In various cities, B'nai B'rith offers career advising to women who return to the labor force. B'nai B'rith sent Esther to seminars and conferences where she learned organization and leadership skills and realized her worth as a person in her own right and gained some independence. Specific skills, such as keeping financial records came in handy in her personal life. "I feel that living in a home and keeping it clean isn't all there is to life," Esther commented. In May, B'nai B'rith Women will sponsor a ten-state Regional Conference in Omaha with the theme, "Hats Off to Women." Esther is one of two chairwomen of the conference. In addition to B'nai B'rith Women, Esther has served as president, treasurer, membership and fund raising vice presidents of Beth Israel Sisterhood. She's done her share of selling tickets, running raffles and serving on what she refers to as "the baking brigades." She's a life member of the National Council of Jewish Women and Hadassah. She does the financial records for Hadassah's Bargain Box, not to mention the times she has played the piano for these organizations as well as Women's American ORT, Pioneer Women and Amit women and at the old Dr. Philip Sher Home and the Rose Blumkin Jewish Home. In the general community, Esther has been a volunteer at Children's Hospital for 16 years. She was a member of the Hospital's Friends Board for 13 years.,Presently, she is the liaison chairman between all Omaha hospital auxiliaries and the Omaha-Douglas County Medical Auxiliary Board. Esther still plays the piano and is hired to play at weddings. She has accompanied several cantor's concerts and "has even been on TV," she said. Out of her four children, she thinks "Karen seems to have a natural ability to play. I feel really good when I hear her playing." Not to neglect the Jewish Community Center, Esther has spent her share of volunteer hours there too. But since last fall, she has been spending Sunday afternoons -and four week-day afternoons playing for the dance classes at the Center. "I'm being paid for something I really love to do. I love working with Liz Doherty, JCC dance director, and it's like having a bunch of grandchildren. They come over and talk to me. I 'kvell' over it," she smiled. The job at the Center is "a challenge. The timing is the hardest part." But, she adds, it's worth it when a youngster tells her, "I like you so much better than the records!" "I've already seen a lot of changes in society, things that have opened up for women. There are girls in accounting, women doctors and attorneys. Women can make a better life for themselves than in my day," she said. "I'm not a women's 'libber' except that I do believe in equal pay for equal work." She also believes in giving her children "a good background to grow up in and being around to answer questions — being visible." She feels strongly about "helping others in the community." Another one of her priorities is to be a good wife, but she said her. husband has to have his life and "I have to have my own besides what we do together. I want to make my own choices and be able to do what I want to do."

By Allan Greene Executive vice president, Jewish Federation of Omaha Recent sociological studies of American Jewish communities appear to indicate that the number one way American Jews express their Judaism is by attending a Passover Seder (followed by lighting candles for Hanukkah). While most of us will celebrate Passover in our own homes with friends and relatives, our agencies and synagogues provide a variety of alternatives, services and resources for our Jewish community. Seders will be held this .year at various synagogues and by the Bureau for the Aging at the JCC for those who would like a large group Seder experience. For those who may prefer a smaller intimate setting, the social work staff of the JCC, Jewish Family Service, or Bureau for the Aging can all suggest families who would welcome you to their Seders. Individuals and their families who want to purchase the necessary Passover foods for the intermediate days and cannot afford to do so will also find assistance readily available through our Jewish Family Service or Bureau for the Aging. The Jewish Federation of Omaha and its agencies, our community organizations and synagogues all work closely together to assure that any Jewish person in Omaha wishing to participate in and celebrate Passover can do so. And personally, I wish all of you a very happy Passover.

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D'Var Torah by Lucjlle Zelinsky Editor's Note: This D'Var Torah was presented by Lucille Zelinsky at Beth El Synagogue on December 14, 1984. It has been twenty years since I stood on this Birna as Sisterhood president, and that evening I extended greetings of welcome to our guests1 at a Brotherhood Friday, night service. Actually, except to my children, this is the first chance that I have hud to preach. Don't worry. I really don't intend to preach, but as I was thinking about the thoughts that 1 might share with you tonight, the subject of change repeatedly dominated my reflections. Then I recalled that I have been a member of this congregation for thirty years, and that, my friends, is both a long time and a short time. A long time because it spans a good portion of my adult life, and a short time because it went by so swiftly. Constant changes have occurred in those three decades. Wars have been fought, political upheavals have ensued throughout the world, new technologies have revolutionized our lifestyles, social changes eradicated some of the acceptable norms, loved ones died and precious new ones entered our lives. , How can and do we cope with the tremendous changes that impact upon us. It seems to me that we can best cope with these phenomona by recognizing that the changes we experience and endure are an integral part of our lives. They represent "our portions". In order to accommodate to the turmoil, the confusions and even the positive challenges, we must also seek the constant, the truisms, the values that are infallible and that direct our responses to the demands of change. In the "Sayings of our Fathers" one of the questions posed is "Who is rich?" and the response is "He who rejoices in the portion." Thesayings continue, "For it is said: When you enjoy the work of your hands, then you shall stride forward and it shall be well with you." Rabbi Samson Raphael Hirsch interprets this to mean that joy in what one possesses, contentment with one's portion constU tutes the only genuine treasure and true happiness in life. "It shall be well with you."

Lucille Zelinsky The women in Jewish history have not only rejoiced portion, Jewish women did so inspired by the ethical in their portion but have triumphed over the adversity principles and values inherent in Judaism. Judaism and Jews have adjusted to the prevailing within it. As we think about the roles that Jewish women fulfilled throughout our history, they were conditions throughout history. This was true in biblroles that demanded a response to danger, to tenuous ical days, during the medieval and renaissance periods circumstances and stress. of history and especially so in modern times. Under Sometimes the adyersity took- the form of warring the influence of modern Western ideas and emancienemies, oppresive governments, catastrophies of na- pation, Jewish women have become prominent in ture or the perils of new environments. Whatever the shaping the destiny of our people. The forces and precipitating cause, thess women took action. Biblical impact of Americanization has been a liberating excharacters such as Esther, Ruth, Miriam and Debo- perience for the American Jewish woman as she rerah were women who took bold and courageous ac- sponds to the challenges and opportunities that life tion. They were responsive to the circumstances and in. an open democratic society offers. demands of their times. In the "Ethics of the Fathers" it is recorded that With role models going back to antiquity it is not "The day is short and the work is great, but the lasurprising that the Jewish women of America were borers are idle, though the reward be great, and the instrumental in helping American Jewry attain the Master of the Work is urgent. It is not incumbent high socio-economic status and prestigious position upon thee to complete the work, but neither are thou as an ethnic minority that Jews in the United States free to desist from it. Faithful is thine employer to have achieved. In accepting the challenges of their (continued on page 32)

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Jewish P I M I

March 29,1985

(continued from page 30) pay the reward of thy labor. But know that the reward unto the righteous is not of this world." The major message here, it seems to me, is that we are not free to desist from the challenges in life. The early Jewish immigrants from Germany included many women who had acquired some secular education. They brought to the new world a sense of independence and self Esteem that set the pattern for the Eastern European women who followed. As these women became involved in the philanthropies and social movements of their day, their leadership abilities flourished. An example of this type of woman was Rebecca Kohut who was one of.the founders of the National Council of Jewish Women and the wife of the famous rabbi and scholar, Alexander Kohut. After her husband's death in 1894, she founded the Kohut School for Girls and continued her leadership roles in American Jewry, Rebecca Gratz was one of the pioneer social workers and educators of the nineteenth century. Lillian Wald was the founder of the famous Henry Street Settlemerlt House in New York. Emma Lazarus is noted for the poignant poem enshrined on the base of the Statue of Liberty. It was her. strong concern for her fellow Jews that motivated her to become an advocate for the disadvantaged and inspired her to become involved in social action. It was through the creation of Jewish organizations {.hat American Jewish women exerted their greatest influence. Henrietta Szold, founder of Hadassah not only served her fellow Jews in Europe and Palestine, she created a vehicle for leadership development for women in this country. Even Golda Meir got her earliest political experience in the Women's Zionist movement in this country. Women like these inspired other women to become involved in organizational endeavors that worked to improve the conditions of their Jewish brethren throughout the world. These women were committed to work for the eradication of the social and political problems that prevailed. The American urban problems confronting Jewish immigrants especially during the early part of this century were tremendous and overwhelming. Scores

of women devoted themselves to civic and charitable undertakings dedicated to improving the conditions of these urban poor. Jewish orphanages, social service agencies, hospitals and vocational training schools were the results of Jewish women who joined forces to create social institutions that would be responsive to the social problems and social needs of those times. Hannah Greenbaum Solomon was among the first to determine that there was a vital need for a separate Jewish women's congress whose organized efforts could alleviate some of the physical squalor, economic oppression and educational deficiencies that engulfed the recent Jewish immigrants. Through her vision the National Council of Jewish Women became one of the strong links in the network of immigrant aid. As Jewish women's organizations and auxiliaries became strong they became part of the larger American social movement that shaped the destiny of all women in this country. Women's organizations including those already mentioned and others such as auxiliaries of B'nai B'rith, the American Jewish Congress, ORT and many more demonstrated that Jewish women would be in the vanguard of the feminist movement. The largest influx of Jews arrived in this country between 1880 and 1920. As a consequence the social problems that existed among the Jewish immigrants became compounded by increased numbers. Jewish women immigrants began to participate in the helping agencies that existed. They especially took advantage of the classes provided at the Social Settlement Houses. They attended nutrition and cooking classes and classes to prepare for citizenship. They took their babies to well-baby clinics. New opportunities for education, involvement in the labor and political movementsi gradually attracted young Jewish women. Participation in the work force, oppressive as the conditions were, opened new vistas. Jewish women worked in sweatshops, but those conditions produced political activists like Emma Goldman and trade unionists like Rose Schneiderman. Jewish women tended the small shops in the ghetto streets of New York, Chicago and Philadelphia. Today their greatgranddaughters are earning master's degrees in business administration. ' . A study in 1910 conducted in New York City about working girls in evening schools indicated that the

foreign-born Jewish women made up the second largest group attending evening school. Only the American born women attended schools in greater numbers. Today the granddaughters of those working girls are in medical schools, law schools and PhD programs. Today we don't ask our daughters i'f they are going to college. We ask where? In spite of, no because of her personal emancipation1 and educational advancement, the modern woman is sitting on the boards of our synagogues. She is president of our Jewish organizations, institutions and Federations, and she is still lighting Friday night candles. She is the professionally trained social worker in the Jewish social service agencies dealing with the current social maladjustments and social disorganizations that afflict the Jewish communities. She is the teacher in our vast network of Sunday Schools, Talmud Torahs and Day Schools and she* is still observing Jewish customs and ceremonies, holidays and religious rituals. Since the end of World War II women have occupied central and dominant positions in Jewish communal life. Some of the forms have been altered but the essence of Judaism remains. The Ethics of the Fathers prevails. Each of us has been responsive to the changes within our portion. I think that Rebecca Kohut expressed it best in her book entitled, "My Portion." Written in 1925 after a lifetime of personal struggles and devotion to Jewish causes, she wrote: "And so, when I look back and ask myself what has been my portion, it seems miraculously compounded of all the ingredients of life â&#x20AC;&#x201D;. poverty, struggle, affluence, health, illness, companionship, friendship, love, betrayal, loneliness, giving, taking and doing. For a moment I stop there and say, that's all that has been my portion. But no, life holds even more and in that more it has been my portion to share too. Life above all, is a going on, a never resting. And I see myself always going on, never pausing in the present, always restless, always striving forward for something that has not been, but should be. . Modern Jewish women got the messages of our Fathers. We hear the injunction that it is not incumbent upon us to complete the work, but we do not desist from it. We are drawing on the ethics of our Fathers and the tradition of Jewish womanhood to meet the challenges of the present.

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Jewish Press

March 29,1985

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Nancy Harrison explains the newborn intensive care unit

Judy Josephson

In the gift shop with surgical nurse Nancy Skid

Judy Josephson is manager for marketing for Bergen Mercy Hospital in Omaha. Her responsibility involves identifying the needs of the community through research and then helping the hospital develop a full spectrum of services to meet those needs. A native of Aberdeen, S.D., Mrs. Josephson participated in United Synagogue Youth "the smallest chapter in the region" and met her husband-to-be at a.USY function in Omaha. He operates a sunglass importing company called Lynn Roberts Interna- > tional. Mrs. Josephson attended Washington University in St. Louis and earned her bachelor's degree in fine Helen Shukert walks the treadmill in cardiac arts at the University of Texas. She also has earned rehabilitation under the supervision of Coleen an M.B.A. from UNO. Baum

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Much 29,1985

Passover recipes 1

By Mary Fellman, Frieda Elewitz, Susie Shyken and a variety of cookbooks Passover Poultry Stuffing x h cup boiling water 3 stalks celery, chopped 2 onions, chopped 2 tsp. ealt 3 tbsp. chopped parsley 4 tbsp. shortening 2 eggs, beaten gizzard of poultry chopped l 6 matzos, crumbled h Isp. bl. pepper Pour the boiling water over the matzos. Soak for 5 minutes. Drain. Melt the shortening in a skillet. Add the onions and celery. Saute for 5 minutes, stirring frequently. Add the chopped gizzard. Saute for 10 minutes, stirring occasionally. Add the parsley, salt, pepper, eggs and matzos. Mix well. Stuff the poultry and roast in the usual manner. The amount specified is sufficient for a 5 to 6 pound chicken or duck. Double for turkey. Paraover Nut Cookies 3 eggs 1 tbsp. matzo meal 2V4 cups finely ground nuts 2 tbsp. brandy or wine 'A cup sugar 'A cup cup almonds, halved Beat the eggs until light. Add the sugar, beating until thick. Add the brandy or wine. Mix well. Preheat oven to 300 degrees. Fold in the ground nuts thoroughly. Shape into 1 inch balls and place on a cooky sheet 2 inches apart in each direction. Place half of a nut in the center of each and press down gently. Bake for 20 minutes, or until lightly browned. Loosen the cookies from the pan immediately y after removing from the oven. Passover Ingberlach 1 cup sugar 2 tbsp. powdered ginger 1 cup matzo meal . 2 eggs, well beaten Vt cup honey 'A cup ground almonds Bring sugar and honey to a boil in a deep saucepan. Cook until it turns a reddish, golden color (about 10 minutes). Remove from fire. Combine other ingredients and add to sugar-honey mixture. Cook on low heat until thick, stirring constantly (about 10 minutes more.) T\irn out on a wet board and pat down to 'A inch thickness with palm of hand which is dipped in cold water. Sprinkle with sugar and a little ginger. Cut into squares or diamond shapes. When cold and formed, eat and enjoy. Almond Chocolate Candy 1 cup almonds 1 Tbsp. water 4 ounces chocolate 'A cup sugar 2 yolks , Grate nuts, grate chocolate. Add 'A chocolate to almonds. Add yolks, water, sugar. Blend. Shape into balls. Roll in grated chocolate. Place on cookie sheet in refrigerator. 5 hours — 4 dozen.

Passover Bark or Matzo Brittle Butter-margarine-or oil a jelly roll pan. Line with matzos. Boil 1 stick butter, 1 stick margarine, 1 cup light brown sugar for 2 minutes together. Add 1 cup pecan pieces and pour over matzo. Bake 12 minutes at 350 degrees. Break up in pieces and drain if too buttery. (Margarine can be substituted for butter). 1

Passover Fruit Pudding 1 cup grated apples ' ' Add Vt cup sugar 'A cup chopped prunes Vi tsp. cinnamon 2 tbsp. lemon juice 1 cup grated potato '/> cup oil '/a cup matzo meal 1 cup grated carrots 'A tsp. suit Mix and put into ungreased small loaf pan. Bake at 350 degrees for 45 minutes. Pecach Brownies l A cup black coffee 2 cups cocoa Vt cup oil 8 T. cocoa 1 cup matzo meal 2 T. potato flour 4 eggs Beat eggs and sugar together for a few minutes. Add remaining ingredients, beating well. There is no need to sift the matzo meal. Bake in a well-greased 9x9 inch pan at 350 degrees for ^30 minutes. Add nuts if you wish. Potato Knaidlach 2 eggs 2 tbsp. grated onion '/a cup potato flour 4 cups grated drained IV2 tsp. salt potatoes 3 tbsp. matzo meal Beat the eggs, salt and onion together. Stir in the, potato flour, matzo meal and potatoes. Shape into VA inch balls. Cook in salted water 20 minutes or until they rise to the top. Drain. May be served with soup or with meat dishes. Makes about 18. Vegetable Cutlets Vt cup chopped green 10 dz. pkg. fresh spinach, • chopped pepper 3 eggs, beaten 1 cup onion, chopped IV2 tsp. salt 'A cup celery, chopped l'/2 cups grated raw carrots '/a tsp, pepper Vt cup matzo meal 3 T. margarine or oil Saute green pepper, onion, celery and carrot in oil about 10 minutes, stirring occasionally. Cook spinach and drain. Combine vegetables. Add eggs, salt, pepper and matzo meal. Refrigerate at least 15 minutes. Remove from refrigeratorr drop by the spoonful into approximately W hot oil in large fry pan. Flatten with back of spoon. Brown well. Makes 12 to 14. Mixture can also be baked as a kugel.

Matzo Meal Eierkucbel 2 eggs 1 Isp. salt '/« cup cool water 1 cup matzo cake meal Beat eggs well, stir in salt and water, gradually add the cake meal very slowly. Make a soft dough and divide into 12 equal parts. Roll each part on a board covered with cake meal. Make sure that each piece is well coated with the cake meal. Brush with melted butler or margarine and sprinkle with sugar. Bake on a greased cookie sheet in a, 375 degree oven for 6 to 8 minutes. Almond Kamish Slices Vt cup sugar '/i tsp. salt 2 tbsp. potato starch 3 eggs Vt cup slivered almonds '/« cup matzo meal Vt cup oil 1 tsp. lemon juice Vt cup cake meal Beat sugar and oil, add eggs, and sifted dry ingredients, add lemon juice and nuts. Place in refrigerator until set. Moisten hands in oil and form into two strips. Bake for 30 minutes at 350 degrees. When warm cut in slices and toast in oven until delicate brown. Add mixture of cinnamon and sugarto top of slices if desired. Date Muffins 'A cup potato starch 6 eggs, separated pinch of salt V2 cup cake meal 2 cups dates, cut up 1 cup chopped nuts 1 cup sugar Separate eggs, beat egg whites until stiff. Cream yolks and sugar, and dry ingredients. Fold into whites, then add dates and nuts. Grease muffin tins. Bake at 325 degrees for 20 to 30 minutes. Make 2 dozen. Eggplant Relish 1 eggplant 'A tsp black pepper 'A green pepper, diced 1 cup vinegar 2 tbsp. sugar , 'A cucumber, diced 1. clove garlic, finely V2 tsp. salt chopped • . Bake eggplant until tender in 350 degree oven. Remove inside and mash with heavy fork. Add remaining ingredients. This relish keeps a long time, especially if refrigerated. Good with meats or fish. Rhubarb Jam 4 cups rhubarb, cut in 'A 2 cups sugar inch slices 1 pkg. strawberry flavored juice of 'A lemon gelatin Mix rhubarb and sugar and bring to boil over low heat. Boil gently 10 minutes. Add gelatin, stir well until blended. Store in refrigerator.

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Pag* 40

March 29,1905

Passover recipes

Browned Farfel (for soup or anack) 1 box farfel (16 ounces) ; 1 teaspoon salt 5 eggs W cup oil Mix eggs and farfel and add salt. Put oil into large flat pan. Spread farfel in pan. Brown in 350 degree oven for 2025 minutes until lightly browned. Stir or break up when necessary. (For smaller quantity use ratio of 1 cup farfel to

> Passover Meat Loaf 2 pounds ground beef 1 11 oz. can Passover M Up. salt tomato-mushroom Bauce 2 eggs beaten 1 cup crushed matzos l A cup sugar Va cup water 1 medium onion diced >4 cup lemon juice 'A tsp. pepper Combine the meat, onions, mat/.o crumbs, salt, pepper, water, eggs and lh cup of the tomato-mdEhroom sauce. Mix well. Form into loaf and put into baking pan. Combine remaining tomato-mushroom eauce, iemon juice und isugur. Pour over meat. Bake at 350 degrees for one hour, basting frequently. Makes 4 to 6 servings.

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Passoyer Brownies 1 cup Passover margarine 'A cup potato starch (2 sticks) cup cake meal 2 cups sugar 'A cup chopped nuts 4 eggs % cup cocoa i Cream margarine and sugar, odd eggs and mix well. Add dry ingredients and nuts. Bake in greased 8x12 inch pan, at 350 degrees about 25 minutes.

--Apple Kugel ' 3 matzos' ~ Rind of 1 lemon 2 Up. cinnamon 4 tbsp. margarine Pinch of nutmeg * M «up raisins 6 eggs i V« tsp. salt 3 apples, grated or sliced M cup brown sugar 6 eggs Soak maUos until soft and drain well, beat eggs well adding sugar and other ingredients. Add apples which have been peeled. Grease cake pan well. Bake in oven at 350 degrees for 45 minutes to 1 hour. Carrot, Sweet Potato 3 carrots, diced 4 sweet potatoes, pared and quartered 3 tart apples, sliced

and Apple Tbimmes '/> C. sugar i;alt end pepper 3 T. vegetable fat 1 C. water

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Passover tecipes

Chocolate Mousse Pie

Cook carrots and sweet potatoes to tender — drain — alternate layers in 2'/i quart baking dish of carrots, sweet potatoes and apples. Season each layer with sugar, salt and pepper and fat. Add water — cover end bake 350° for 30 minutes. Remove cover — continue to bake to golden brown on top. Serve hot — serves 6. Passover Blueberry Muffins Cream together '//'Clip margarine end 1 cup sugar. Add and blend 3 eggs. Add 1 cup frozen blutberrits. Sift and edd '/< teaspoon salt, V* cup potato sU.rch, '/z cup cake ratal. Divide among 12 muffin tins, sprinkle with mixture of 1 tablespoon sugar and 1 teaspoon cinnamon. Bake in 350 degree oven 45-50 minutes.

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Shell V6 cans macaroons wine ,# Mousse • ' . . • ' • 1 T. instant coffee 1 lb. semi-sweet choc. 1 cup water 8 eggs (sep.) Crumble macaroons and add enough wine to make crumbs stick together. Press into 10" pie plate. Dissolve coffee in water. Melt chocolate in coffee water mixture. Add yolks to this — mix.well. Beat egg whites to stiff. Fold into chocolate mixture. Pour into shell — chill overnight. C&adied Farfel ; l'/z cup farfel 1 tbsp. lemon juice '/a cup chopped nuts 1 tbsp. oil ; Vt cup sugar Vi tsp. Bait

Jewish Prw»

Pag* 41

2 tbsp. honey Tshredded carrot V4 cup water Mix farfel and nuts. Set aside. Combine remaining ingredients in saucepan. Cook. Keep stirring. Test to brittle stage. Remove from fire. Mix in farfel, etc. Spread on a platter. When cool — break into pieces. Tzimmcs 2-2'/i lb. chuck end bones 3 Bweet potatoes 2 Ig. or 3 med. bunches carrots 3 white potatoes Cut up carrots, potatoes and onion. Add'salt and brown sugar with concentrated orange juice. Boil meat and bones with water to cover. Skim as cooking. When water boils and when clear — add vegetables and seasoning. Cook about 2'/2 hours (meat tender) end vegetables are in condition to ha mashed (little liquid left). Put in baking dish — bake 350% 30-45 min.

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J*wial) Press

March 29,1M5

Ethiopian encounters Meeting with the 20th century By David Holzel (WZPS) â&#x20AC;&#x201D; It is said they arrive in Israel like Holocaust survivors: ill', bewildered, the clothes they are wearing their only possessions. Some kiss the ground. They are home. The complicated, troubled, still incomplete exodus of the Jews from Ethiopia is now known by the world. After arriving in Israel, how do they fare? At the Be'cr Sheva Absorption Center, some ofuny questions were answered. Sitting in the Centers courtyard, under the warm Negev Desert sun, and surrounded by Ethiopian olim of all ayes, 1 j;ot the impression that, ultimately, these people are going to succeed.

Absorption

After several months at an absorption center, 12 Ethiopian families were welcomed Jo their new permanent homes in Netanya at a reception sponsored by Na'amat-Pioneer Women, the largest women's organization in Israel.

Malka Elboim, Director of the Be'er Sheva facility has, together with her staff, engaged in ihe'absorption of Ethiopian immigrants for the past live years. She maintains that every effort is made to familiarize the newcomers to the Israeli way of life, and to pave the way for a smooth.entrance into society. The large staff includes social workers, teachers and translators who are 'veteran' Israelis from Ethiopia. They, and a ho^t of para-profesbionals work with the newcomers on a day-to-day basis, visiting their homes, answering questions, and accompanying them around town: to the bank, the supermarket, the hospital, the clinic. The Be'er Sheva Absorption Center is home to about 500 Ethiopian olim, Elboim explains. The facility specializes in the absorption of large nuclear families and extended .families. There is a nursery school and a kindergarten on the premises. Also, a Hebrew-language ulpnn for the adults. School-age children are placed in local public religious schools. Activities familiarizing the Ethiopians with Israel and Israeli life are ongoing: trips around the country, get-togethers with Israelis, films, folk dancing, home economics courses, which introduce the Ethiopians to new foods, citizenship seminars, where the basics of democracy are discussed. The Absorption Center throws parties to celebrate Israeli and Jewish holidays, "organized with the active participation of the olim," Elboim emphasizes. , In the first week after their arrival, the Ethiopians are given clothes, various official documents, money, vaccinations and further medical attention, if necessary. During the first three weeks, the physical and physiological conditions ofthe 'Ethiopians are monitored. They are also . shown around town, and introduced to the various local facilities available to them. By the fifth week, Elboim says, the children have been enrolled in school, and everyone has pretty much learned the ropes. After the ten month-long intensive Hebrew ulpan, the graduates are guided towards employment. Elboim says that the Ethiopians are encouraged to enroll in vocational training courses, rather than begin immediately in unskilled positions as "a large percentage of them have the potential for learning a trade." Within a year-and-a-half, she says, most of the Ethiopians are in permanent housing, and are well on their way to being fully absorbed.

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Elboim emphasizes that the Ethiopians are encouraged to maintain their traditions, mingling them with what they are learning of customs and practices in Israel. This is a cardinal principle at the Absorption Center. This, in short, is the program of absorption. Back in the sunny courtyard, I can only guess from outward appearances how the Ethiopians are adjusting. Little children, apparently healthy, definitely curious, gather around me, smiling shyly, saying "shalom," and asking my name. Older boys, coming home from elementary school are eager to chat. They speak Hebrew comfortably. With one another, they seem to have adopted the brash assertive tones of Israeli kids. If the children are being handed a new life, for the older people, it is as if they have lost a world. Their way of life has been rendered anachronistic by their passage to Israel, and the passage of time. This point was driven home to me in conversations with two older men. One, sitting down beside me, told me, in broken Hebrew, that he is a cohen, a priest. "A rabbi," he added, in case I didn't understand at first. A well-built man, wearing a traditional white robe called a shama over his jacket, he said that he was 67 years old. "Israel is very good. Very, very nice." Learning that my origins are American, he asked me, "Who is king in America?" I answered that the United States, like Israel, has a president, not a king. Had he heard of Ronald Reagan? Another man said that he had, but wanted to know who was king in America before the presidents. "The elders have no place in the communal structure anymore," explains Steven Kaplan, coordinator of the BenZvi Institute's research project on Ethiopian Jewry. "The young people who arrived in Israel previously are the new leaders." Reda-e Yelma was my guide at the Be'er Sheva Absorption Center. He is one of the facility's three translators, employed by the Jewish Agency. He arrived in Israel from Ethiopia nearly four years ago. He expresses pleasure at being able to work with his own people. He sees nothing standing in the way of the Ethiopians' entrance into, the Israeli mainstream. "What's important is that they're in their own country, with their brothers," he says. But doesn't he forsee problems caused by the radically new way of life, the unfamiliar institutions, the alien environment? Reda-e shrugs these things off; "They already knew where they were going. They knew they were coming to Eretz Yisrael." They aren't worried about the details of day7to-day living, he says. "They come here happily."

March 29,1985

Jewish Prwts

Pag* 43

Ethiopian Jews bring millenia-old traditions to Israel

A rich heritage Editor's note: Much has been written on the arrival in Israel of Ethiopian Jews, but little has been mentioned on their fascinating culture and traditions, American-born David Uolzel spoke with Dr. Steven Kaplan, a lecturer hi African History iuu! Comparative Re, ligion at the Hebrew University, end the coordinator of the Ben Zvi Institute's research project on Ktkioiikm Jewry, who is attempting to put th'j lifestyle and culture of the lilhiopians into perspective fur both Israeli:-; end Dic^pora Jews. By David Hol-cl (WZFJS) — Ethiopian Jews celebrate Khabbat, Hoth Hashanab, Yom Kippur, Pesoch, Shavuot, but not Hnnukkah. They ot.ieive a Fast of Esther, but it isn't the Purim that we know. They celebrate weddings, britot mila (circumcisions), but not Bur Mitzvot, and they don't have rabbis.

Heritage These details on the heritage of the Jews of Ethiopia — who call themselves Beta Israel (House oflsracl) — are provided by Dr. Steven Kaplan, a lecturer in African History and Comparative Religion at the Hebrew University, and the coordinator of the Ben-Zvi Institute's research project on Ethiopian Jewry. Kaplan has been much in demand lately, putting the lifestyle and culture of the new arrivals from Ethiopia into perspective for concerned and confused Israelis and Diaspora Jews. The anomalies from 'normative' Judaism in the religious practices of the Beta Israel stem from the group's being practically cut off from the body of world Jewry for the better part of 2000 years. As a result of not being exposed to the traditions of Judainm contained in the Talmud, the Ethiopians followed only the five Books of Mosea, adding their own modifications and adaptations from the surrounding Ethiopian milieu. So isolated were the Beta Israel that, until they were 'rediscovered' in the 18th century, they believed that they were the last Jews in the world. They found it hard to bolieve that most Jewa were white. • So it isn't surprising that they have no rabbis, but rather cohenim, priests, who were their religious leaders in Ethiopia: performing circumcisions, weddings and were responGiblo for the animal oacrificeB which were carried out until the 20th century. They also don't ucs kippot, tefillin, tallit or mezuzot, all post-biblical innovations. According to Kaplan, the Ethiopian Jews also had monks. "I believe one came to Israel." He explains that in the 15th century, under increasing pressure from Christian Ethiopiano, "the Jewa decided they needed a group of people to deal full-time with religious iosues." So they took the monkish institution, and adapted it with their own religious needs in mind.

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A holiday unique to the Beta Israel is the pilgrimage festival Sigd, which is celebrated in late November. Kaplan explains that the holiday's purpose is to renew the covenant between God and the Jewish people. It echos Ezra's convening the people in Jerusalem to hear the Torah, an event which took place some 2400 years ago. Sigd was celebrated in Jerusalem in 1982 and 1983. In keeping with the Ethiopians observance of pre-talmudic Jewish ritual, their dietary laws are predictably somewhat different. For instance, their laws of kashrut allow them to eat milk and meat together. They will not boil a kid in its mother's milk, however. But there is no such thing as separate dishes. Following the biblical proscription, Ethiopian Jews do not eat shellfish, or pork, or meat that has not been slaughtered by a member of the community, Kaplan continues. They don't light fires on Shabbat, so there are no Shabbat candles, and no warmed food. "Shaare Zedek, Jerusalem's Orthodox hospital, was amazed to find their kashrut challenged by their Ethiopian patients," Kaplan recalls, .amused. "They had never seen a Shabbat warming tray before, so they wouldn't eat the warmed food. The hospital staff had to take the food away and let it cool down before the Ethiopians would eat it." ;

Culture and oral traditions

This unfamiliarity with some modern technological 'innovations' and the illiteracy of some of the immigrants, has led to the Ethiopians being branded as 'primitive' and 'cultureless'. "These are ridiculous expressions," Kaplan shoots back angrily. "They have dance, music, literature. We have some sort of crazy idea that a vacuum cleaner is a sign of culture." Many of the olim, it should be noted, are well educated, often speaking several languages. A group of youths waiting for admission to an absorption center requested books in English to help them pass the time. Theirs is a culture without mass literacy, Kaplan explains. "But they do have written works, so there is a way of preserving in writing if they are important enough." Some books are original to them, such as Tezaza Sanbat, or 'Commandments of the Sabbath.' Others were taken from Christian sources and moulded into a Jewish form, such as 'The Death of Moses' and 'The Death of Aaron'. "It's still not clear how they got these works," Kaplan says. In 'The Death of Moses', the great teacher and leader is wandering on a mountain top. He meets a man digging a grave. The man asks Moses to lie in the pit, to test whether it is large enough to hold a man. Actually it is the Angel of Death, digging Moses' own tomb. The Bible and many historical books written before the 17th Century are in Ge'ez, the ancient Ethiopian tongue which, says Kaplan, is to modern Amharic what Latin is to Italian. "They have tremendous collections of oral tradition. Those who know their history will tell you about an evil Christian king named Yitzhak." About 15 years ago, researchers discovered, from other sources, that he was an actual historical figure; in fact, the first Christian leader to defeat the Jews of Ethiopia. "Since the 15th century, they have orally preserved his memory." .

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WZPS photo by Rkhard Nowiti

An Ethiopian woman after her arrival in Israel.

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Pag* 44

JtwtafcPw

March 29, 1985

The Cup of Redemption NEW YORK — For the first time in its history, the United Jewish Appeal ises as recorded in Exodus; 'I will free you,' -'I will deliver you out,' 'I Rabbinic Cabinet is publishing a special insert for the Passover ll&g- will redeem you' and 'I will take you to be my people.' The reading we gadah titled "The Cup of Redemption." The meditation on Ethiopian have prepared, 'The Cup of Redemption,' is to be recited prior to the Jewry is being sent to rabbis throughout the country with the request blessings over the third cup. This insert brings the drama of the Ethithat it be distributed to congregants. "During every Seder," eays Rabbi opian homecoming and resettlement into pur Passover celebration. By Haskell Bernat of (Miami, Rabbinic Cabinet chairman for Special Fund our active choice — our commitment and generosity — we participate Raising, "We drink four cups of wino to commemorate God's four prom- in this modern exodus." Leader: Let us raise our cups of wine once more and recall the third divine promise—

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The promise of the third cup is ours as we!! as God's. We will stretch out our arms. We will help redeem our people. And In reaching out to Jews in neecl, we shall earn the right to taste the wine of our own redemption.

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As it is written: " I will redeem you with an outstretched arm." Redemption. The promise has been kept so many times. This Passover, it is facing fulfilled again as thousands pf Ethiopian Jews taste the wine of freedom in the land of Israel. They have already eaten their bread of affliction—not as a symbol of ancient slavery—but as a harsh daily ration. They have endured family separation and walked for weeks through a dangerous drought-ravaged land. Their courage and suffering help us understand the human reality of the flight from Egypt. And their willingness to risk their lives for freedom brings us closer to the meaning of Passover. Now they need our help to turn their exodus into a homecoming.

Blessed are You, Lord our God, Ruler of the universe, Who has sanctified us with the promise of the third cup. Blessed are You, Creator of the fruit of the vine.

Please allow a moment of silent prayer for those Ethiopian Jews who have not yet joined their friends and families in Israel. Their hopes and their prolonged suffering haye not been forgotten and we pray for their speedy deliverance. May they soon see the light of Israel.

When they arrived in Israel, our Ethiopian sisters and brothers kissed the soil. Exhausted and barefoot, they carried only their ancient Jewish culture.theirpride and their potential. How many hours of schooling and years of training will they need to unlock that potential? How much clothing and medical c a r e . . . how many beds, books, shoes and children's toys will turn this rescue into the promised .redemption? It will take vast material resources to enable so many thousands of families to create new lives and establish new homes. They will need our help and support for many years.

• Ulpan (Hebrew classf taught in tlte Klryat Gat absorption center Is attended both by Soutet and Ethiopian immigrants. Photograph by Zeeo Ackerman

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March 29, 1085

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signer clothes/' she said. "The women in Boro Park also loves to dance. Indeed, the vivacious, dark eyed and Flatbush are as well dressed as any on Madisori artist "danced up a storm" at the Israel Cancer Research Fund Dinner, Avenue!" she added with emphasis and with underher dark brown wavy standable pride, for many of them are wearing "Anhair jumping in drea" creations! rhvthm with her. "Modesty," noted Andrea, "is very important to Ah for Israel, Anthem. And 1 caii understand that. In a way it's a part dn. <i fell in love with of my own character. In my heart I've always been a it on her first trip — traditionalist," suid (he young woman who'lias been "us land, its music, learning more and more about "a way of life" she - » - its people" — "never experienced before." and reAndrea, a cum laude graduate of the University of turned from Pennsylvania (class of '73), made another discovery; her visit in Orthodox homes "the emphasis is on family and there with a children — the child is so important to them — the great urge to love for the child is r.o profound," she said with somedo something thing akin to wonder in her voice. "I find that beau"to help the tiful," she added wistfully, probably thinking of her Israeli chil1 own bleak childhood. dren," — a Andrea's father died when she was only ten years project she old. After that, she recalls, "things were very difficult has already — we were very poor and my mother had to go out started on. to work to support my sisters and me." "I've travWas art perhaps an escape from the bleakness of her life? Andrea isn't sure. She knows only that "art is a part of my very being. It's an extension of me." ^-••^f ,-a elled all over It seems natural that Andrea's love of art would find the world," 1 expression in fashion designing — "I was always Andrea said, 'dressing' my friends in high school," she said, smiling 'and every at the recollection, and that her love of life and people / place I've would find expressions in many of the vibrant color been has given combinations she uses in her creations. me something." That something But there are other facets to her life. She loves to finds its way paint, especially portraits (some of Chasidim) and into Andrea's seascapes in pastels. She loves the theater, swimming, fashion creations, bicycling in Central Park on a sunny Sunday; she and into her paintings — some 50 of which line the walls of her Manhattan apartment, She hasn't quite decided what to do when the wall space gives out, as seems about to happen. Friends tease her about it but she just smiles good naturedly and goes on painting. She . .- o . : also has started a book about the connectedness of all the art forms, be it literature, designing, painting, etc. The book, however, 7 4 > , must wait for odd moments or evenings, because Andrea's days are filled with work at her little factory. There she turns out her "designer" clothes for which there is an increasing demand, thanks to her expertise in her profession — an expertise that is enhanced by many of the techniques she learned as an apprentice in the workrooms of the famous Halston in those early days in New York. It's a full life for Andrea who, like Halston, prefers to be known by her first name only. But she sees herself more as \ f \ a Mollie Parnis, creator of elegant yet chic fashions. "I don't go for the ''' trendy — kooky things!" The designer, in her early thirties, loves her work. "I'm happy doing what I'm doing," she said with a contended smile. But "sometimes," she said I must "get away from it all. I need space," says '}• i n r p •> ' the artist in her — I need solitude —" and she finds it at the open ocean. Like the poet John 1 Masefield, Andrea "must j^Good to the Last Drop go down to the sea again'1 and again . . . "There's a; , (cht Certified ttojttor tor Poko THE ORIGINAL kind of peace there," AnPASSOVER COFFEE drea says, and "every ^^^x^s^-ov^""* chance I get I run out to Montauk beach" (on Long Island).

By Irene Kiass Andrea Rosengard has good reason to sing "I love New York." For it is in New York that the young Philadelphia-born artist found success as a fashion designer, and incidentally discovered her Jewish roots. To be sure, success did not come overnight. Despite her "obvious" talent, wrote Women's Wear Daily, "no doors flew magically open" for Andrea when she arrived here ten years ago. But she "made it" through sheer determination, persistence — "I walked up and down Seventh Avenue knocking on doors for almost a year and a half" — hard work (sketching styles into the wee hours of the night) and courage. For it took courage for a young girl, alone in the big city, to go out on her own with her last $200. "God was watching over me," said Andrea, and there was also help) from many "gems" along the way! Today her original creations may be found in stores like Lord and Taylor, Bergdorf Goodman and in boutique shops around the country. Andrea was already "on her way up" when, two years ago, she discovered the Orthodox Jewish woman and found not only a lucrative market for her fashions, but also a lifestyle that pointed the way back to her Jewish roots. And the Orthodox woman found in Andrea a designer who understood her needs. For perhaps the first time in Jewish history, Orthodox women have a nationally known designer who caters to their special requirements; sleeves at least to the elbow, — "no cleavage showing please" — skirts below the knee, etc. "But," smiled Andrea, "that doesn't rule out high style. Orthodox women have a very good sense of style. These women love beautiful, up-to-date de-

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my generation and those before mine, stayed at home. day, we can* I don't suppose too many people think When 1 was a bride 40 years ago, there was a glim- there's anything wrong with that. mer of a change, due to the disruptive influence of ' By the same token, if we choose to leave the chores the then recent war. We did get jobs, but many of us • of housekeeping to somebody else, if we choose to put were seeing hasbands through college, following mil- our kids in the care of trustworthy sitters and work ' itary service. Still, as soon as the degree was eurned, OUTSIDE the home — that's okay too. We have the i the general trend was to start a family. Back to home option. und hearth, filling required expectations. Many, many women are excercising that option. All of this isn't of major importance now. What There are women in every conceivable profession and does count is the recognized fact that today, we trade in the world. We have females doing work in women have some options. If we choose to sit back every area from Advertising Agencies to Zoological and do the home and hearth number, to play cards labs. We have surgeons and space jockeys . .. interor shop or have lunch with a different friend every estingly, one of the first American women to go into space was Jewish. We are also represented in such trades as plumbing and carpentry, telephone line workers (atop those poles, yes!) truck drivers, cabbies, mail carriers and heaven only knows what else. ' Ladies are in executive positions in corporate businesses today that once wouldn't let a female past the steno pool. And furthermore, doing A-One work or you can bet they wouldn't last. Some are single, many are married. Some of the latter have children, many do not. There too, is a place where choices are being made. Though to many ". -Vi it sounds strange, a certain percentage of young couples today are choosing NOT to have children. True, they are often vilified as being selfish, but that shouldn't be the business of anybody except those concerned. If humans are to be perfectly honest, not every one of us is necessarily, cut out to be a good parent. In the past that was not recognized as a fact. Today, unfortunately, we have sufficient statistics on children who suffer unspeakable abuses to know that all adults are NOT good parents. So here we are today, in 1985,- with choices. Most of us, that is, Even so, there are.many who are "at home" and hating it, and conversely, many who are working outside the home when they would rather not. Let's look at the first group. Often it's because they are intimidated by the fact that they were never trained to do anything in the outside world. Some simply have personal problems or obligations that also inhibit such freedom of choice. And some of those in the "outside the home" bunch belong to a special category. They include widows with (or without) dependent children, and the ever increasing number of divorced women, many with rhildren still at home. Sadly, many of this group never were trained to do anything else, either. They represent a distinct problem for which there is often little help. Fortunately, support groups and educational programs are more and more available to that segment of today's society, but a 40 year old who went from high school to marriage finds it tough. Many more are overcoming those unfamiliar obstacles and discovering talents that were either hidden or not utilized during the at-home period of time. Careers are being built in areas seldom thought about before. The agencies owned and operated by women cover the gamut from personal services to retail selling. Many of the successful females heading such work places can look at them as a silver lining in the divorce cloud. Over and over today women are heard to say "if it wasn't for the divorce I'd probably STILL be getting my kicks at the card table." When all is said and done, most of us do have choices. We have opportunities our sisters before us' didn't have. We know, if we have daughters, we must make them understand the importance of being able to take care of themselves. They must be trained to do something to ensure independence. They must be able to survive no matter what unexpected event occurs. Most of us older women have realized by now that if we have any talent, any gift, any long suit, it's a shame to waste it. Even worse, it's a shame to cheat ourselves out of the chance to recognize our self worth. Men may not understand that statement. I believe most women will. Those very women who spent so many years at home and who are now "out there" doing useful and meaningful jobs, paid or, volunteer, know the joy of being known for something beside their apple pie. Yes, we have options. And opportunities. And in a 88TH AND WEST CENTER ROAD • OMAHA, NE 68124 • PHONE 393-4300 couple of generations females will probably think it was ever thus. In the meantime, this year's crop is out there, pushing aside more barriers. It's a wonderful time to be alive and watching it all happen. Personally, I'm having a ball.

I'm not sure exactly when I became very aware of the changes going on around me; whether my own daughter's attitudes made me notice some of the differences or whether it came from books and magazine articles I don't really know. I do know this, however: after centuries of conforming to society's picture of proper womanhood, we women began to understand something. Suddenly, it was okay NOT to conform. Suddenly it was all right to flex our minds and be concerned for something other than husband and childcare, cooking, cleaning and PTA. This is not to diminish the part that service organizations have played in recognizing other talents. For the most part,

StMt-y^^^^I r~ A.

By Bert Lewis

March 29,1985

By Ellen Gordman They're the ladies who sell the advertising for the Jewish Press. But they have more in common than their jobs. All three of the women were born and reared in Omaha. They have outgoing, persuasive personalities. In addition to being wives, and mothers, they have been active community volunteers. Marilyn Warren, the salesperson with seniority, started selling advertising in 1978. "Getting the job was a fluke," Mrs. Warren said. "I.was in the office talking to Morris Maline (Jewish Press editor) about some Temple Israel Sisterhood business, and he mentioned to me that he had an ad in the newspaper for advertising salespeople. He asked me if I was interested. I had planned to go back to work, but was thinking ahout being a secretary. I didn't know if I could sell advertising, but the next thing I knew I was out pounding the streets." Jan Wayne started working for the Jewish Press in October 1981, but this was not her first job selling advertising. During high school she sold ads for the Central High Register. When she decided to go back to work, the job at the newspaper, with its flexible schedule, seemed perfect to her. "Selling advertising for the paper was something I enjoyed doing in high school so I decided to try it again. I'm an extrovert and really like working with people. I enjoy representing the .Jewish community in my own way," Mrs. Wayne said. Barbara Frankel who joined the staff two years ago also had experience selling advertising. "I joined the Jewish Press staff because I wanted something .challenging to do with people. This was a wonderful opportunity." The job of a salesperson involves seeking prospective clients, doing rough layouts of ads and servicing existing customers. The position also affords the salespeople opportunities that are not usually available to the average person. "I meet all sorts of people in all sorts of places," said Mrs. Warren. "I've seen a fur coat being designed and laid out, and I've been in many restaurant kitchens." Mrs. Warren and Mrs. Wayne joined the work force when their children were older while Mrs. Frankel has worked on and off since her children were small. One of her ventures was a cooking school that she conducted in her home. "For three years I taught men, women and children. We did creative cooking from sbup to desserts including everyday food with a different twist. I showed my students how to plan a party, including being able to do all the

creative and imaginative touches." The three women have always participated in volunteer organizations. Mrs. Warren echoed the sentiments of her co-workers when she said, "A person can't' go through life taking. You have to give something back." The positions Mrs. Frankel has held in various organizations are too numerous to mention. Some of the groups she has been active in are Friends of Children's Hospital, Crestridge PTA, Variety Club, Federation Campaign, American Lung Association of Nebraska Board, Beth El, Rainbow House and Camp Superkids of the American Lung Association of Nebraska. Mrs. Wayne has also had an active volunteer career, giving her time to the Beth El Sisterhood, Hadassah and Red. Cross. She was also a Junior Great Books and Brownie leader. With her husband, Phil, she was chairman of the Beth El Hebrew School and the Hebrew High School. Currently the Waynes serve as presidents of the PEP Organization (Parents, Educators and Pupils) at Central High School. Like her co-workers Mrs. Warren has given considerable volunteer time over . the years. She served on the board of the National Council of Jewish Women and Temple Israel. Mrs. Warren concentrated her efforts as a member of the Temple Israel Sisterhood starting as a table setter and rising to be president of the organization. Currently, she is on the boards of the Nebraska Jewish Historical Society, Temple Israel Sisterhood and District 20 Sisterhood. How have these three women managed to juggle all of the diverse aspects of their lives? . ''"•'••-. "I find it challenging and exciting to* balance all of my activities," said Mrs. Wayne whose daughter, Dana, will be graduating from Central High School in May. "I find it frustrating that there are not enough hours in the day to do everything I want to. I never want to give up any of it because I like being busy." "It's very easy for me to balance everything in my life," said Mrs. Warren. Her immediate family includes her husband, Marty; and sons, Mitchell and Marc, who both attend the University of Wisconsin. "We brought up our two boys to be self-sufficient. They knew how to load the dishwasher or wield a feather duster: They could get up in the morning and fend for themselves. Also, they and Marty helped me when I did volunteer work. If I had a flyer to get out for Sisterhood they' would be my assembly line helping me to fold, staple'and stamp." Boundless energy is the key to Mrs.

Frankel's busy lifestyle. She explained that she never has a problem balancing all of her activities. Mrs. Frankel and her husband, Dean, have two children, Harris, who is a third year medical student at the University of Nebraska, and Amy, who will be graduating from

Jewish PrMt

Pag* 40

Emerson College in May. And all three women-agree that since their marriages their roles as Jewish women have not changed. They always considered themselves liberated because they had the freedom to combine (continued on page 68)

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Bet!) Eg PASSOVER SERVICES Friday, March 29 8:15 p.m. Saturday, March 30 9:30 a.m. Bat Mitzvah of Keren Yael Schwalb, daughter of Mr. and' Mre. ' N c t a a Schwalb Minha-Ma'ariv 6:35 p.m. Friday, April 5 Siyyum B'Chorim 6:30 a.m. Minha'Ma'ariv 6 p.m. Saturday, April 6 Shaharit 9:30 a.m. Minha-Ma'ariv 6:30 p.m. Second Seder at Beth El 7:15 p.m. Sunday, April 7 Shaharit 9:30 a.m. Minha-Ma'ariv 7 p.m. Monday, April 8 Shaharit 6:45 a.m. , Minha-Ma'ariv 5:30 p.m. Tuesday, April 9 Shaharit 6:45 a.m. Minha-Ma'ariv 5:30 p.m. Wednesday, April 10 Shaharit 6:45 a.m. Minha-Ma'ariv 7 p.m. Thursday, April 11 Shaharit 6:45 a.m. Minha-Ma'ariv 7 p.m. Friday, April 12 Shaharit 9:30 a.m. Minha-Ma'ariv 6 p.m. Saturday, April 13 Shaharit 9:30 a.m. YIZKOR Minha-Ma'ariv 7 p.m. Passover ends 7:25 p.m. — April 13

School will be in recess during the public school vacation and the Pesah holidays. Classes resume on Sunday, April 14. PASSOVER CANDLELIGHTING Friday, April 5 ..........6:35 p.m. Saturday, April 6, 7:25 p.m. Thursday, April 11 6:41 p.m. Friday, April 12; , ....6:42 p.m.

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ent authors in different peParashat Zav riods. And the "religion of Shabbat HaGadol Israel" was not a static By Rabbi MyerS.Kripke The prophet Elijah lived thing; it developed and about 500 years before the changed. Elijah, for examprophet Malachi, whose last ple, would not have recogwords are our Haftarah for nized the legends that grew Sabbcth Candiel.ghting for Friday, M; r ch 2J, 6 1;7 p rn this Shabbat, and which,' in- up about him. In a famous Tisimudic legcidentally, close the prophetic section of the Bible. end, to [jive another examIsrssl The 500 years were quite ple, Macs,'given the priviSERVICES: Suaduy, April 7 — Second Friday, March 29 Shabbat Evening Service enough for the imc^e of Eli- lege of LTeinj; far into the Friday: Day of PfcEac.li 8:15 pirn. jah to h&ve penot rated fu'uie, tiraply could not unMincha and Kabbalat Morning service 8:45 a.m. Rabbi Sidney H.Brooks, deeply Into the national dtrsitand the intricate interShabbet 0:30 p.m. Evening service C:30 p.m. Late Friday night ser- Monday through Thursday, Rabbi Stephan V: Barack consciousness (is a legend- pretations of Torah that Rabbi Akiha gave. Thus the vices 7:30 p.m. April8-Aprit 11 Choi Hom- and Cantor Harold I. Fire-' ary peraonElity. stone will officiate. The In later generations, rabbis of the Talmud well The D'Var Torah will be oed Pesach presented by Julie Dunnas- Thuredey, April 11 — Eve guest speaker will be Rtbbi nearer our time, there were understood this time-andJoseph R. Rosenbloom of hosts of legends about Eli- change element in Judaism. kin. of Concluding Days Tc-mple Emanuel, St. Louis, jah, including the one that And that this is the secFollowing the late service Evening cervice 0:30 p.m. on March 29, a brief skit Friday, April 12 — Sev- Mo. The Oneg Shabbat fol- he is the unseen guest at ond point. The period of the lowing the service will be every Seder table, and the Persian and Greek rule saw based on the Torah portion enth Day of Pesach sponsored by the Temple Is- cherished legend that he the beginnings of the apof the week will be held in Morning service 8:45 a.m. rael Sisterhood. will herald the coming of the pearance of Scribes and the Social Hall. Thia will be Evening service 6:30 p.m. Messiah. Pharisees, called "rabbis" in followed by en Oneg Shab- Saturday, April 13 — Last Saturday, March 30 bat reception sponsored by Day of PeGach But already in Malachi's Roman times and later. And Shabbat Morning Service Sisterhood. time, 08 we read in our Haf- it is Rabbinic Judaism, with 11 a.m. Morning service 8:45 a.m. Saturday: tarah, Elijah is assigned the its own interpretations of YIZKOR 11 a.m. BAT MITZVAH Morning Service 8:45 a.m. special task of bringing Bible, that has determined Evening service 6:30 p.m. Pamela E l i z a b e t h news of the "Lord's Day" to the- course of the Judaism The D'Var Torah will be B r o d k e y , daughter of our ancestors under Persian that we know, so different presented by Alan ShuleS a n d y a n d S h e r m a n rule. from Biblical religion. witz. Brodkey, will celebrate her A Kiddush follows the (We may remark parenActually, not too much is Bat Mitzvah during Shab- known about the centuries thetically that it was fortunservice in the Social Hall. Class with the rabbi 5:45 PASSOVER SERVICES bat Services Friday, March of Persian rule over ancient ate that Christianity by29 and Saturday, March 30. Palestine. More is known and-large adopted the ethip.m. Friday, March 29 Mincha 6:30 p.m. 8 p.m. services in honor of about the centuries that cal system of the Pharisees. RELIGIOUS SCHOOL Mincha will be followed Isaac Mi Wise • preceded it and the centu- It was highly unfortunate, Saturday, March 30 — Reby Shalosh S'udot, Ma'ariv Sunday,-March 31 •. ries of Greek rule that fol- for Jews and for Christians, cess and Havdalah. that Christianity did not acReligious School Pass'. lowed it. .>• Sunday: over Experience including Sunday, March 31 — Recess Nevertheless, it is appar- knowledge this borrowing Morning Minyanaire Ser- Preschool program from the Pharisees, and, to HEBREW SCHOOL ....'/ ent that the high hopes of the contrary, went out of its vice 9 a.m. Monday, April 1 -Deutero-Isaiah for a Golden Monday-Thursday April DEMONSTRATION Age in the restored Second way to slander them all 7 p.m. Board of Trustees 1-4 — Recess /SEDER Commonwealth were exag- through the centuries, into meeting Oil Sunday morning, Friday, April 5 5:30 p.m. PASSOVER SERVICES gerated, even extravagent; our own times.) March 31, a Demonstration Saturday, April 6 10 a.m. So when we read of Mapolitical and economic realPassover Eye service Passover Seder will be held ities were harsh, and spir- lachi calling for the appearFriday, April 5 5:30 p.m. Sunday, April 7 No Reliin the Beth Israel Social itual satisfaction of the peo- ance of a prophet who lived Passover Morning service Hall, from 10 a.m. to noori, gious School ple was generally not high. long before him, we know Saturday, April 6 11 a.m. for all children and their Yet from this period we have that we are dealing with a parents. The cost is $1 for books like Malachi's, and people and a religion that CONGREGATIONAL adults and 50* for children the records and memories of were changing and have SEDER under 14 years of age. The continued to change. Ezra and Nehemiah. Saturday, April 6 6 p.m. Demonstration Seder is an PASSOVER SERVICES Further, it is this period Change is a law of life. CONCLUSION OF excellent opportunity to be SHABBAT HAGODOL that we must look to to see With all of this, there is a PASSOVER instructed in Seder proce- Friday, March 29 8 p.m. the firming of the founda- third point. Just as an orPassover Evening service dures. It is open to all inSaturday, March 30 9 a.m. Thursday, April 11 5:30 tions of the Synagogue as an ganism (like our own bodterested people. institution, and the ies) changes constantly but Friday, April 5 p.m. • The .Demonstration strengthening of Judaism as maintains a core' of sameService of the First Born Passover Morning Service a "Book Religion" under ness, of identity,- so too an Seder will be under the diand Yizkor Memorial pray- Torah, and for the compo- organism like Judaism rection of Cantor Leo Fett- 7 a.m. Mincha, Maariv 6 p.m. ers man. sition of a large part of the changes constantly but FIRST SEDER Weekdays: 7 a>m. and 6:30 Psalms. Probably the ago- must maintain identity and Friday, April 12 11 a.m. Saturday, April 6 p.m. nized meditations of Job sameness. Tradition (handFirst day Peaach and the quietly frustrated ing down, handing across) CONGREGATIONAL Shaharit 9 a.m. musings of Qohelet belong gives to succeeding generaSEDER : Jr. Congregation 10 a.m. here too. tions the core values and A Congregational Seder PASSOVER SERVICES will be held on the first Mincha, Maariv 6:30 p.m. There is something we outlook that our ancestors SECOND SEDER Friday, April 5 night of Passover, April 5, 7 should note here and under- first envisioned. SKort Ma'ariv 5:45 p.m. p.m. Seymour and Geor- Sunday, April 7 stand thoroughly^ Between The Passovers of Egypt First Seder 6 p.m. gianne Steinberg are in Second day Pesach the Exodus of our Torah and of Malachi and of our charge of the plans. Reser- Shahrit 9 a.m. reading and the explosive own time may be different Saturday, April 6 vations and check may be Thursday, April 11 Shabbat services 10 a.m. appearance of the prophet and are celebrated, obsent to the synagogue office. Seventh day Pesach 6 p.m. Elijah there are about three viously, in different circumShort Ma'ariv 5:45 p.m. Friday^ April 12 centuries. Between Elijah stances . . . But the emphaSecond Seder 6 p.m. PASSOVER SERVICES Seventh day Pesach, Shahand the preachings of the sis always is on freedom and Friday, April 5 — Erev PeSunday, April 7 rit 9 a.m. poet-prophet Malachi of our a God of freedom. sach Second day of Passover Haftarah there are about Mincha, Maariv 6:30 p.m. This- Shabbat is someEvening Service 6:30 p.m. service 10 a.m. ! five centuries more. • Saturday, April 13 times called the "Great FIRST SEDER Friday, April 12 -The point is that the Bi- Shabbat." The praise of Saturday, April 6 — First Eighth day Pesach Shabbat services 7 p.m. Shahrit 9 a.m. ble was not written in a day, freedom and the God of Day of Pesach YIZKOR or a year, or a century. It is freedom praises man's Saturday, April 13 Morning service 8:45 a.m. Jr. Congregation Concluding day of Pass- the collection of a large . greatest values and its auEvening service 6:30 p.m. number of books by differ- thor, "author of liberty." 10 a.m. over 10 a.m. SECOND SEDER

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Restorers, Inc. -a one-woman company By Bert Lewis When radio's daytime serials were in their heyday, one used to come-tm~by saying something like this: "can this girl from a little mining town in West Virginia make it in the big city?" Well, Sarah Seldhi isn't from West Virginia, but as I liistened to her tell about her, work, in-the restoration ami redevelopment of old buildings, I wondered. About v h a ? About htiw a girl

from Waterloo, Iowa managed to make the transition from typical Jewish wife/ mother/homemaker to the unique place she enjoys in the world of construction. Married for the last 28 years to Ted •Seldin, this mother of two grbwn daughters spent u lot of time doing ail the traditional things-v.mncn did. For one thing, early in her 'marriage she completed her college education and earned a dc;;tic- in Englith Literature.

She had majored in the area of Medical Technology, but finished with English Lit. And then she did circuit She bt'onpH Had;.- ah, KCJW, S active and invi ' t t f •I-

A i;oft-iipoken,aUractive lady, Sarah tends to answer questions about herself f < r a turn at and her work rather modestly, but she leading both Bio\viuc and Girl Scout proudly told me of her position on an troop!.. important board. "In August of 1983 the Governor appointed me to the NeWith a husband in the building business, Sarah also enjoyed her on-going braska Investment Finance Authority. activity with the Homebuilders Wom- This is an umbrella agency for the isen's Association, a service organiza- suance of tax exempt bonds to be used tion. She put in "years and years," and for housing and individual developfinally reached a point "where.I knew ments." Sarah, the only woman of the I had probably done all I could for the nine members, serves as a builder repassociation." She explained "by then I resentative. She was recently reaphad one daughter in college and the pointed to a five year term. other in high school. The demands on Many of her projects have involved my time weren't so great and I knew I buildings in downtown Omaha. She wanted to do something new." finds the redevelopment of the area Somewhere in the back of her mind very exciting; her only disappointment the notion of restoration of old build- is that it took so long. "We're years beings began to surface. She explored the hind other cities, such as Minneapolis" idea. "I spent an entire year trying to she explains. learn all I could about it. I read anything on the subject I could find. I stud"Skyrocketing acquisition costs, plus ied and asked questions, until I finally the threat of new tax laws make it decided to actually try it." harder to find suitable prospects, but they are out there". She adds there are Thus was born Restorers, Inc., a one still many government programs availwoman company. She bought her first able and many fascinating old strucproperty, a single family house, and tures. with it began her career. She says "the first venture didn't involve much renHere then, is Sarah Seldin, of Resovation. It was a matter of more cos- torers, Inc. She does it all with a staff metic- changes then mechanical." of one — herself. She's the secretary, Ted was, and always has been, her adviser. She is quick • to say she feels fortunate to have someone with whom to consult. "He's an expert. I'd be a fool if I didn't take advantage of his experience." She is also quick to say that she "learns more with every project." When asked about some of her earliest efforts and frustrat i o n s , she says "achieving credibility with contractors and.workmen was one of the major hurdles." Because it was so unusual for a woman to be not only "the boss" but present on the job site, •' there was not easy acceptance. She says "I've been called honey and dear until I could scream. Now if it should happen, I give it right back. Sarah Seldin Once or twice a carpenter is called "dear", he gets the idea and it stops." the bookkeeper, she hires all the subcontractors and she's the woman who taught herself how to make it all easier I suspect it doesn't happen so fre- with a computer. First she had to teach quently anymore, since this woman has herself how to use the computer, but established herself among contractors she managed. She has created a unique and workmen representing many career for herself and has earned the trades. They know her and they also respect of those workers who first know she understand what's going on. thought she was at the job site to deliver a message to a man. Clearly, now after some seven years, she is known by her peers on a much larger scale also. Recently, she and Ted And there's still another side to this attended the annual National Associ- lady. The side that prompts her to sudation of Home Builders meeting in denly say to me "I'll be making the Texas. She had been asked to serve as seder this year at our house. It's my a panelist on a Jlemodelers Council. turn and I'm looking forward to it." The subject for discussion was "The Home, family, tradition and customs Woman's Eye View of Building". (As have not been pushed out of her busy an interesting aside, Sarah told me.that life. Sarah is a prime example of the of the five women on her panel, four changing role of the Jewish woman.

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Her worlds include a love of traveling (a self-professed "big patriot," she and husband Norman take one driving trip every year to a certain part of the country), the practice of yoga, which she has also taught, and the love of theater and acting. The latter interest brought the two women together about 22 years ago when they were both in the chorus of "Pajama Game," at the Omaha Community Playhouse. Their business is a natural extension of theater and acting, Mrs. Denenberg said, as writing and producing commercials involves casting and performing. Some of their past accounts have included Southwest Bank, Spirit World and the Great Wall restaurant. The desire to learn and expand their horizons seems to be an important element on both women's personal and professional lives. They are currently involved with projects at Gemini which will "have more meaning where Jewish education is involved," Mrs. Nogg said. For example, they are planning to develop Yiddish programming for radio, including variety, entertainment, music and literature, Mrs. Nogg said. They are also hoping to develop educational video cassettes for children, "a,Sesame Street concept with Jewish values in them," she added. Their desire to educate and pass on Jewish values may be attributed to their strong Jewish upbringing and their families' involvement in the community. "I was in a Jewish family that was woven like a tapestry," Mrs. Denenberg said, adding that family discussions included "arguing, yelling and reading

poetry," and that the children were always participants. Passing on their strong beliefs to their children Larry, 30, Steve, 29, and Debbie, 26, was important, she said. "Ideas of Judaism are passed from us to the kids in an evident way. Family is so important — knowing about your people." For years, both Mrs. Denenberg and Mrs. Nogg have been active supporters of Beth El Synagogue, where the latter's father serves as ritual director. "The Beth El community is terribly, terribly important to me," said Mrs. Nogg. "It's in my bloodstream." Family influences also include a love of Yiddish and a fascination with the old world. Saying that she feels that she is "caught between two generations," Mrs. Nogg explained that, "there's a huge part of me that identifies with what happened in the old country." That old-worldliness, she added, "makes me feel warm, fuzzy, family. .. . all those things that make you feel safe and secure." Her reminiscences led her to write children's stories containing that oldworld flavor, and several pieces have been published in various newspapers. Mrs. Nogg is also an active member of the Mamaloshen Society, an organization fonned to perpetuate the Yiddish language. Juggling so many different worlds would seem to be a source of conflict,, if not exhaustion, after giving 100 percent both at home and the office. However, the key to successful juggling is being "born without a guilt bone," Mrs. Denenberg said. "Who's to tell anybody what they should do? Guilty I would feel if I shoplifted." She added that her husband has been her biggest supporter. "Norm was the original women's libber. He's the guy who pushe4 me out of the house." Mrs. Nogg agreed, saying that she has always had the full support'of her husband, Don, and their children Kathy, 27, Marsha, 26, Rachel, 22, and Tony, 20. In fact, she said, "Don diapered more kids than I ever did." . These women are true movers and shakers, constantly trying to better themselves, their business and their community. Thriving on such energy will undoubtedly provide Eunice Denenberg and Ozzie Nogg with a long string of pearls down the road when 'they look back on all of their many accomplishments.

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Betsy Winnick - a leader for the future By Ellen Gordman Betsy Winnick, of West Haven, Conn., has taken a year off from college to do something she likes to do very much — talk about B'nai B'rith Girls. Betsy, international president of B'nai B'rith Girls, is spending what should have been her freshman year traveling around the United States, Canada and Europe visiting BBG Regions and Chapters. Betsy, intelligent and articulate, is representative of young women who are the future leaders of our Jewibh communities. She learned her leadeifihip skills

Betsy Winnick speaks to the BBYO Regional Board, above, B'nai B'rith Breadbreakera, right, and visits with Debra Poloky, BBYO Regional director, below.

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through her participation in BBG at the chapter, regional and international levels. "I think it is important for girls to join BBG," Betsy said. "All you have to do is pay your dues and the world opens up for you. What I like to tell the girls is to1 take advantage of what BBG has to offer." ..; In the beginning what BBG had to offer to Betsy was a good sports program and the chance to meet new people. Then she became aware of the BBG six-fold program of Jewish Heritage, Social Action, Community Service, Creativity, Social/Recreation and Sisterhood. "I saw the opportunity to become an officer and plan a successful program. The reason we huve the six folds is becuus.e people have different interests and the folds encompass every interest. What is unique about BBG is that a girl doesn't luve to bo Totally into idigion to foil a pait ol the organization." Betsy, v.ho i civcd two kilns us piiiidcnt of Connecticut Vi.]Ii-y Region BBG, became at live on the International because she wanted to stay involved with the organization. Dunn;; (lie 'uiiimer of 1982 she attended 1 lie thiee week International Leadei.ship Training Confeicnce (1LTC) at Camp B'nai B'rith in Starlight, Penn The following yeai she was elected International Mii/kiiah 'and was in charge of cooidinatmg 1LTC and Kallah, a four week intensive Judaism program as well as the International Service Fund which icceivet. annual contributions from BBG members to suppjort the organization's programs. Last summer at International Convention, Betsy was elected to the post of international president. In addition to her BBG activities Betsy played tennis and basketball for her high school, was a member of the Physics Club and worked on the yearbook and newspaper. She graduated thirtieth in a class of four hundred and twenty students. So far the highlight of her presidency was meeting President Reagan and Walter Mondale. "The first month I was elected I attended the B'nai B'rith International Convention is Washington, D.C. and sat on the dias with President Reagan and Walter Mondale." During her year as president, Betsy will visit chapters throughout the United States and Canada. This spring she will visit BBG chapters in England, Ireland, France and Belgium. "The best part of the traveling is meeting other youth my age," Betsy said. "We have a common bond. I can go into a room filled with BBYO members and start a conversation with anybody. • "During my travels I have discovered that the BBYO members have developed good leadership skills. And they are not just keeping the skills to themselves. They have taken the responsibility of passing on the legacy of leadership" to others."

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Keri Juro celebrated her Bat Mitzvah in Jerusalem recently, chanting the Haftorah and blessings at the Center for Conservative Judaism of the World Council of Synagogues. Her brother and sister, Kevin and Kim, observed their own B'nai Mitzvah four years ago at the same synagogue. Keri, an eighth grader at Beveridge Junior High School, is the daughter of Richard and Frances Juro. Grandparents are Harold and Merriam Cooperman of Omaha, and Samuel Juro, of Miami Beach. All were in attendance at Keri's Bat Mitzvah.

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• 1. Keri with Michelle Abbott of Toronto, Canada, who celebrated her Bat Mitzvah at the same time. 2. Keri and her grandparents, Merriam and Harold Cooperman, in front of synagogue. 3. Keri, Kim and Frances near obelisk at Karak Temple.

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The religious argument over feminism ti . ' By Irving Greenberg r President, National Jewish Resource Center I In a recent speech, a Canadian rabbi, Immanuel ,' Schochet, denounced feminists who seek full partic'; ipation in Jewish ritual and tradition or who support ; the ordination of women as "Jezebels." i Religion is valid only if it is based on — and limited si by — Divine revelation, said Schochet. "God can im• pose his will upon man, but not vice versa." Therefore, anything not sanctioned by Torah or halacha is" , alien to the religious reality of the Jew. "To follow personal inclination" o»-d( ' : " > " . K ' "I! " l o f h o - / . sincere and well ,~.sU nt-oner, if iL c ' J I'tct.ofoim .. to halacha, they do 1.01, constitute wOK>h.p of God but self-worship." Schochet argues that the term "Jezebel" is an appropriate symbol of idolatrous people, i.e., those who put their own ambitions above every: thing else. Rabbi Schochet's speech illuminates where the religious argument over feminism now stands. The ... jabbi does not challenge the validity of the feminist argument intrinsically. He does not claim — as his predecessors 80 years ago did claim when they opposed Torah study for women — that women are "light headed," intellectually incapable of learning " Torah. Nor does he seek to morally justify women's ..; exclusion from full religious participation any more •'• than he tries to rationalize women's suffering when •!'males..take advantage of the halachic requirement • that they authorize a get (Jewish" divorce) and blackmail their wives for money or concessions. Tacitly, Schochet and the majority of opponents have concluded the validity of feminist claims. They argue only that nothing can be done about it because it is the will of God that the present inequality continue. Instinctively, a protest rises to one's lips — even on the part of traditionalists. To which the answer is given: one must surrender one's judgment; it is a divine decree that women are excluded from being rabbis, from being called to the Torah, from studying Talmud, and even into.being victimized by unfair husbands., For a woman to insist on following her own-heart and to.become a rabbi — . or to say kaddish for a beloved parent — is to worship self; it is idolatrous..Says SchQchet; "If women do not like this, they should take up their case with God directly and demand and await a new revelation which will sanction any changes."

They a r g u e . . . it is the will of God that the present inequality continue The opponents of religious feminism have been unable, thus far, to come to grips with the post-modern character of this movement. Rabbi Schochet calls it ."Feminist Reformation." In fact, the most striking thing about this movement is that it is asking not that existing laws be dropped or modified but that women be allowed in to participate. ••• As long as Jews were dominated by the desire to become modern,, the direction _was toward reducing observance; reducing levels of'learning; needed tp function as Jewish authority or Jewish iay person,

reducing differences between Jews and non-Jews. Now that Jews have broken the tyranny of modernization, the direction is inward — demands for more areas of life to be sanctified, more access to learning, more opportunities to participate. In this sense, the terms Orthodox, Conservative, and Reform are less helpful as a guide to what is going on. Each of the movements is tplit between people \vh<) :•"!•. lo incorporate new <?; rkn (ul 'i* r t' •< Israel's Independence Day is a- , < ' ! - ' >i an ' > , women's prayer) and thorp who ' ^! <<> i Hit ,i i, • status quo — (wherever it is ,si tilth e n d u ) Tin re art Orthoi."or-: Jews who support the feminist f;oals oven as there are Reform Jews who are opposed. One substantive issue is whether authentic Judaism (or Torah or halacha) is tradition — that which is inherited, familiar, and the object of veneration. If tradition alone is decisive — and this is the view of many non-observant Jews as well — when the Fight against feminism is a fight to save Judaism. An alternative view is that Judaism is a religious way (halacha literally means walking the way) which sanctifies and transforms every society and social condition until the world will be perfected. In this view, new phenomena — including women's own religious experiences — are being brought within the tradition in our very lifetime. When the Beth Jacob Torah schools for women were started 80 years ago, they were opposed as innovations. Now, their standard of Torah learning is upheld as sacred in traditionalist circles who fight against those who add Talmud to women's study curricula. A similar confusion besets the comments of those who argue that only God can change the situation of women. This claim denies the entire tradition of the oral law, the rabbinic role in Judaism. Despite its revealed character, what is written in the Torah is not God's final word — according to Jewish tradition. To reach the end goal of perfection, authority is vested in the rabbis and authorities of each age. The first century Sadducees and the medieval Karaites denied the authority of the rabbis but they have fallen by the wayside of Jewish history.

polygamy. The authorities followed the (correct) judgment of their heart and of the Bocial state of women in that time. - . In fact, taking up injustice in the divine decrees — or even economic hardship — directly with God is an ancient and authentic Jewish practice. The first Jew, Abraham, challenged God directly: "Shall the Judge of J l the Earth not do ju t u t 7 " (G> ncsis 18, 25) Imhip Inch is the heart ;th obi ,tion -- to argue nine mandate to (IK ,tli lod IIu it

nlable result of modernity's What is new — a impact on traditional Jews —' is the abdication of this responsibility. In the Talmud, Rabbi Eliezer ben Hyrkanos disagreed with the majority of his colleagues in a case. He even obtained the support of a divine Voice which upheld his ruling. His colleagues dismissed him and the voice with the cutting truth that "the Torah is not in the heavens [anymore]." (Deuteronomy 30,12)

. . . the human becomes co-creator with God

Rabbi Joseph B. Soloveitchik has written in his Halachic Man (p. 81) of the uniqueness of the Jewish view that halachic man "received the Torah from Sinai not as a simple recipient but as a creator of worlds, as a partner with the Almighty in the act of creation." As in perfecting the world so in the ethical perfecting of the halacha, the human becomes cocreator with God. One does not wait for Divine Revelation. Humans reveal the divine will now. This is why rabbinic commandments — like Hanukkah candles — are preceded by the blessing, "Blessed are You, Loving God, Lord of the Universe who sanctified us with God's commandments and commanded us to light the Hanukkah candle." (emphasis added) The Tprah instructs that leavened products be eliminated so they are neither seen nor found in the home on Passover. When the halachic leadership concluded that literal enforcement ;bf these provisions would be a counter-productive hardship, they worked out a legal alternative — selling-the chometz toua The process of equalizing women starts Gentile. When they were troubled by the illegitimate status of an innocent child born out of adulterous or in tne Torah incentuous union, the rabbis said so. Halachicaljy, The process of equalizing women starts in the To- they worked out a procedure to enable an illegitimate rah (Exodus 21, 7ff.) with limitations on the hitherto child to somehow marry into the Jewish people — unqualified man's right to sell his own daughter. The and to cover up for any mamzerim who successfully rabbis of succeeding generations did not say it is evaded the ban on marriage. God's decree that women be sold -*- any more that, In defending the traditional Catholic doctrine they sought to reestablish slavery with grounds that which permits only males to be priests, Pope.John the Torah (temporarily) recognized it. Paul II argued that God had incarnated in male form The rabbis set up a ketubah (marriage contract) (i.e., Jesus). Therefore, God had decreed that only guaranteeing women a property settlement in. case of males could stand in for God for sacramental purpose. divorce, they did not argue that God in the Torah had In Jewish tradition, there are images of God — all decreed that women be,divorced without financial humans are images of God. To take one image of God protection and rabbis can do nothing about it. When and to give it special status/sanctity (as pagans do Rabbeynu Gersfion and his court prohibited polyg- with statues) is the process.of becoming idolatrous. ; ; amy in the 11th century, they did not consider it ido- One cannot "freeze" God's presence — or instruction latrous to go beyond the Torah which permits — in a certain form. .'• ' • ' • • .

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Jewish women on stamps < t. By Dr. Murray Frost I •' .The role of the Jewish woman has changed — end \ yet it has not. Both the changea end the continuities , can he illustrated with postage Etempa. Whether in the' Bible or in the atomic age, the role of the Jewish woman as wife and mother can be illustrated with Btatiips. In addition, one can see her 'as victim in both Biblical tales as well as in the Holocaust of modern history. Her role as a heroine through that same range of time can ah;o be r.ren'. The role of the Jewkh womfin ; ~. <!H> lK"!.k*ne of' volunteerism iu'tanply illiu (.rated t(uou;;h :,tfi$;;p:,;, aa are her accomplishments in diverse occupational roles. Several stamps are available to illustrate the theme of the Jewish woman as fiancee, bride, or wife. A 19G8 stamp from Burundi features a painting by Rembrandt variable labeled as "The Jewish Fiancee" or "The Jewish Bride." Joseph Israels' painting of a wedding appears on a 1970 Israel stamp. And Marc Chagall's bride, Bela, appears in his painting "The Married Couple and the Eiffel Tower" on a 1963 French stamp. (Needless to say Eve appears on numerous stamps, and much could be written about her controversial roles.) One of the advances of Jewish culture compared to other societies involves the rights given to Jewish women as guaranteed in the kctubah, or marriage contract. Three illustrated ketubahs were featured in a set of stamps issued by Israel in 1978. Several Jewish women have been featured on stamps, less for their own accompliGhinents than because of their famous husbands. Helens Sresslau Schweitzer, the wife of Albert Schweitzer (she was Jewish, he was not), appears on a stamp from Ajman. Betty de Rothschild, as painted by Ingres, appears on a 1980 Togo issue. Princess Alice of Monaco (who was born in New Orleans in 1857 of a Jewish father) appears on a 1980 stamp, while Princecq Elsa of Liechtenstein appeared on several stamps, from that country. The Jewish woman as mother is perhaps best illustrated in the persons of the Four Matriarchs — Sarah, Rebecca, Rachel, and Leah. They were the subject of Israel's New Year's set in 1977. A modern rendition of the Jewish mother appears on a 1974 Israel stamp which depicts the sculpture "Mother and Child" by Chana Orloff, a Jewish sculptress. The woman as victim is a theme many writers have noted or used. The Jewish woman as victim can be seen in the Biblical tale of Jephthah's daughter (Judges II). In that story Jephthah promises God that if he is successful in battle he will sacrifice the first person who comes from his house to welcome him. He is successful in war, but his first greeter is his daughter. Jephthah, with consent from his daughter, keeps his rash oath. The scene was used by stamp designers to illustrate the commandment forbidding using the Lord's name in vain, and therefore appears

in the Lesotho, Nicaragua, and Togo sets depicting the Ten Commandments. Another victim was Susannah, whose tale is told in the Apocryphal book named after her. She was a virtuous woman falsely accused of adultery by two peeping Toms. Her story wa3 uspd to illustrate the Commandment against bearing false witness. Several.ttamps are available' to illustrate the fate of the Jewish woman in the Holocaust. A .1983 Israel stamp depicts a woman carrying her child on the p:ith to slaughter at Babi Yar. Another victim, Anne Frank, is depicted on a 1979 German stamp and one from the Netherlands issued in 1980. Other Jewish women have appeared in several East German sets featuring Holocaust victims. The monument at Ravensbruck, the woman's concentration camp, also appears on several East German stamps. Philatelic examples of the Jewish woman as heroine are also available. Esther, the heroine of Purim, as painted by Rembrandt appears on a 1976 Russian stamp and one from Romania issued in 1967. A 14th century church rendition of the Purim story appears on a 1973 Danish stamp, and the story of Purim is also told on a 1976 Israel three-stamp set from Israel. Another Jewish heroine is Judith whose story is told in the Apocryphal literature. She saved her people by killing the Roman general Holofernes. Her act of cutting off his head is depicted on a 1975 stamp from Malta. She.also appears on stamps from Grenada and Russia. , Modern Jewish heroines are on stamps too — e.g. Hannah Senesh who parachuted behind enemy lines to meet up with Jewish resistance fighters appears on a 1982 Israel stamp. French Resistance heroine Renee Levy was honored with a stamp in 1983. The importance of women to Jewish organizational life has been recognized by Israel with stamps honoring Haddssah (1982), WIZO (1970), Pioneer Women (1975^ and OHT (1980). Leaders of women's •'organizations nave been honored too. Henrietta Szold, the founder, of Hadassah, was depicted by Israel on a 1960 stamp. Bertha Pappenheim, a leader in the feminine movement in Germany and in organizations dedicated to alleviate the plight of women (and also the translator of the Tzeenah Ureenah, the Jewish woman's Bible) appears on a 1954 German stamp. Women have led more than organizations. Deborah was a judge in the Bible who was looked to for leadership (she is in Israel's 1984 New Year's set). In modern times Rosa Luxemburg was a founder of the Socialist party in Germany and an important theoritician (she appears on stamps from Bulgaria," Germany, East Germany, and Russia). And of course Golda Meir, who served as Prime Minister of Israel appears on an Israel stamp from 1981 (and her signature as weJLas Rachel Cohen's appears on a 1973 Israel stamp depicting IsraePss Declaration of Independence).

Jewish women havte been recognized philatelically for their accomplishments in many fields. A number of art works by Jewish women have appeared on stamps. These include Felicia L e i r n e r (Brazil 1969), Agnes Lesznai (Hungary 1981), Sionnah Tagger (Israel 1882) and Anna Ticho (Israel 1981) among others. In science, the contributions of Lice Mcitner to the development of atomic energy was recognized by Austria with a stamp in 1978. Famous Jewish actresses on stamps include Rachel whoso fume was f.o great that when she died in 1858, over 100,000 people attended.her funeral; she is on a 1960 French stamp. The name of Sarah Bcrnhardl is well known, although the details of her Jewish background are not (her mother was Jewish, but she was raised in a convent and became a Catholic); she appears on a 1945 French stamp. Marilyn Monroe converted to Judaism when she married playwright Arthur Miller and did not convert to another religion before her death; she is on a 1971 Congo stamp. Esther Van Eijk, a famous Dutch actress, appears on a 1974 stamp from the Netherlands.. Famous female athletes have also appeared on stamps. Olympic medals won by Andrea Gymarty in swimming and bylldiko Ujlaki-Itejtoe in fencing were honored by Hungarian stamps issued in 1973 and 1965 respectively. Irena Kirozenetein-Szwinfiku, winner of Olympic medals in track in four different Olympics (1964-1976) appears on several Polish stamps. Ilelene Mayer's appearance on a 1968 German stamp reminds us of her tragic story. Her father was Jewish, but her mother was not. Her parents were still living in Germany, although she was at UCLA. Despite pleas from American Jewish leaders, she agreed to return to Germany and be on the 1936 German Olympic fencing team as part of Hitler's campaign on lies denying mistreatment of Jews. She even won a medal. Jewish women also made their mark in literary circles. Emma Lazarus' famous poem at the base of the Statue of Liberty also appears on a; U.S. 16<t definitive stamp. Elsa Lasker-Schuler, a poet, is on a Germany stamp issued in 1975. These stamps indicate that the role.of the Jewish woman is not a limited one. She h'as.been bath a wife and mother as well as a leader in society. And this mixture is not a new phenomenon — women in the Bible played a range of roles and so do today's Je\v|sh women. ' , ' (A set of slides of Jewish women on stamps : has been made by the Jewish Federation library. A slidelecture can be arranged by contacting the author.) A line was left out of my March 1 "Jewish Stamp Collecting" column when it was printed. This resulted in an incorrect statement that needs to be corrected. Arnold Schoenberg converted to Protestantism as a youth and formally converted back to Judaism after Hitler's persecution of the Jews. ••• V--

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sense, she maintains. Men, too, are often impure. She observes that former Chief Rabbi Goren, Rabbi Joseph Soloveitchik and the late Rabbi (Zvi Yehuda Kook did not hesitate to extend their hands, of their own volition, to shake hands with her, contrary to the practice of Orthodox extremists. She claims to have covert support from many rabbis who fear to say so lest they incur the wrath of the religious establishment. She cites Rabbi David Shapiro, of Milwaukee, as epproving the halachic accuracy of her contention that woman'is not under the "authority" of her husband, thus opening the way for her demand for equal rights for women in Jewish religious practices.

ByCarlAIpert ' HAIFA — Penina Peli was born in New York, the daughter of an Orthodox rabbi who ministered to a Chassidic type etiebel on New York's West Side. She married an Orthodox rabbi, and the two moved to Jerusalem in 1952, where they todsy maintain an Orthodox home. But Penina Peli is not the typical rebltitzin. She iias studied Jewish law and lore.'end has come to the conclusion (fiat the rigid interpretation of hclacha (traditional Jewish luw) in our times is doinij a great injustice to women in Judaism. While ehe strictly observes Shabbat, kashiut and the many imtzvot of a full Jewish life, she calls for greater participation by women in the mitzvot which are usually reserved for men only. Relegation of women to the balconies, or to seats behind curtained partitions (mechitzot) is not only an unjust indignity, she maintains, but actually contrary to traditional Jewish practice. Up to the 14th century, she says, there is no evidence of separation of the sexes at worship. She cites a Hebrew University scholar, Prof. Shafrai, who declares that the Catholic Church was the first, in medieval times, to separate the sexes, and indeed Christians were warned not to enter synagogues where men and women sat together. Later, when Jews adopted galut patterns, they picked up many Christian habits, among them in the matter of seating. The whole subject of keeping women apart is a social issue, Penina Peli told us, not a religious or theological one. She cites the Talmud to the effect that women can even be called to the Torah, and she asks that this right be restored to them. It inevitably follows that women can be counted in a minyan, and if properly educated, even function as rabbis — all this in the name of traditional, Orthodox Judaism. Her program is not a revolutionary one, she insists. It is a renewal of the status of women in Judaism. She favors freedom for the Conservative and Reform in Israel, but does not subscribe either to their theology or their practice. She feels that she has in common with the Reform their belief in God. She has in common with the Conservatives their desire to preserve tradition, but again insists she is Orthodox. She believes in the authority of the Torah as given to the Children of Israel on Mount Sinai. -The argument that women are excluded because at . certain periods of each month they are impure is non-

Penina Peli told us that there are many women who believe as she doc3. She is aware of Orthodox groups . in Brooklyn, Washington Heights and Riverdale in New York, Portland, Oregon, and Baltimore, Maryland which already hold limited women's services, including Torah reading. There is much more to tell. She plans to call an international conference of women in halacha, to be held in Jerusalem, and invites all who are interested in the conference or in her program to write to her — Penina Peli, 9 Brenner Street, Jerusalem. .

(continued from page 49) their home, volunteer and work responsibilities. "In my opinion Jewish women have always had more freedom in the community/'said Mrs. Wayne. "I have always felt liberated because nobody told me that I couldn't do this or that. I have always done volunteer work even when.I was in high school. I worked before Dana was born and then returned to the work force when she entered ninth grade. "I feel lucky that I've been able to be myself and be what I wanted to be. I've never been bored, and I never will be because there is so much I want to do." Mrs. Frankel agreed with Mrs. Wayne that she has always been able to do what she wanted to do. "I've always been self-satisfied and never felt stifled as a woman. I have even proved to myself that I am able to earn an income. I'm basically a very optimistic,

happy person who has been blessed with wonderful children and a fabulous husband." Mrs. Warren had a slightly different viewpoint on her life since her marriage 24 years ago. "I'm not the same person Marty married. I'm much more self-sufficient. Marty was on the road when we first got married, and I had to learn to do things for myself like hang pictures and use a drill. I have more" confidence in myself today than I did 24 years ago. I have been very fortunate all through my life. I believe that things always happen for the best." When Mrs. Frankel was. asked why she sells advertising for the Jewish Press she replied, "The paper is an essential and absolutely vital part of our Jewish community." This Friday, when you read the Jewish Press, think of the ladies who. sold the ads, and if you're so: inclined call — they'll be happy to accept your order.

Aside from homekeeping, she leads a full and busy life. She heads the Mitzva Organization, which assists women to obtain their rights in rabbinical courts in matters of divorce and aguna. She is program director of a Shabbat Retreat program, conducts a halachic study group of women, is called on to lecture, and of course continues with systematic study of Jewish law and tradition. She has taken steps to put her beliefs into practice, and since no Orthodox synagogue in Jerusalem is prepared to accept women on an equal basis, she has established an all-women's minyan, which meets periodically on Shaljbat. They wear prayer shawls, follow the full Orthodox prayer services, read from the Torah scroll and call their members to the Torah. There is no problem of mixed seating, since all those present are women. When her daughter was twelve, she conducted a formal Bat Mitzvah service, with an all-women's minyan, and her daughter read from the Torah. Her husband, and any other men who were present, sat behind a mecJiitza. Her husband was quoted as saying that he found it a very unpleasant experience to follow the service from behind a curtain.

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By Aviva Cantor NEW YORK (JTA) — The Rabbinical Assembly (RA) — the international organization of Conservative Rabbis — has cleared the way for the acceptance of its first female member. She is Amy Eilberg, 30, who is scheduled to be the first woman to graduate from .the Rabbinical School of the (Conservative) Jewish Theological Seminary (JTS) and be ordained in May. The roadblock to the acceptance of Eilberg — and other Conservative women rabbis following in her footsteps — was cleared by the passage of an amendment to the RA's constitution, the RA announced at a news conference. According to the amendment, all graduates of the JTS will automatically become RA members upon ordination. The amendment passed by a vote of 636-267 conducted in a recent mail ballot of the RA membership. Previously, graduates had to be voted into RA membership individually by. 75 percent of the delegates to an RA convention — which remains the procedure for non-JTS rabbis who apply. The amendment was conceived to avert a possible floor fight on such a vote on Eilberg's acceptance into the RA membership, according to sources familiar with Conservative movement politics.

Reasons for concern Behind the concern was the fact that' at floor fights for two years in row, RA conventions rejected the application of Rabbi Beverly Magidson, who was ordained as a Reform rabbi in 1979, while accepting into membership several male Reform rabbis. At the 1983 convention, held in Dallas, the vote on Magidson's application was 210 in favor to 75 opposed — only four votes short of the 75 percent required. At the 1984 convention, held in April in Kiamesha Lake New York, Magidson received 230 votes to 99 against — or 17 votes short. : The repeated rejection of Magidson's application and the seeming decline in support for her admission to the RA

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largely were attributed by knowledgeable sources to the feeling in the organization that the first woman it admits should he a JTS graduate. This would then pave the way for the acceptance of women rabbis who were not JTS graduates, such as Magidsoni in the future. What made possible the application of a woman ordained by JTS was the decision of its Faculty Senate to accept women as rabbinical students, reached by a 34-8 vote in October 1983 after 10 years of heated and often bitter debate within the Conservative movement. In keeping.with the decision, 18 women were admitted as students in the JTS Rabbinical School's incoming (1984-85) class — comprising approximately 50 percent of the students. Several of the women students, who had taken courses at JTS during the past few years, will now receive credit and be ordained before the end of the usual six-year period of study. Philadelphia-born Eilberg holds a Masters degree in Talmud from the JTS. She also holds a B.A. in Near Eastern and Judaic Studies from Brandeis University, and an MSW from Smith College. She is the daughter of former Rep. Joshua Eilberg and Gladys Eilberg, a social worker. At the news conference, Eilberg called the RA vote "a momentous, historic event" and " a great day for American Judaism and for American Jewish women." The Conservative movement, she said, "has declared in a resounding voice that it is dedicated to an ideal Of a fully egalitarian community." Referring, as well, to the JTS decision to admit women as rabbinical students, Eilberg said that for American Jewish women "the long vigil is over and the wait was fully justified." She added: "As of today, Jewish women rieed never again feel that their gender is a barrier to their full participation in Jewish life. They need never again doubt the commitment of the Conservative movement to complete equality for women." But the process, she said, "is only beginning."

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