Pharaoh Gives In To Moses; Plague Wipes Out First Born
Canaan Fears Israel invasion, scouts report
Scouts returning from CaRAMESES, 15 AVIV.-Moses' oft-repeated plea to Pharaoh Merneptah, to "let my peonaan tell of the paralyzing ple go," was finally heard today, Just after midnight, when the King of Egypt, badly tear that has gripped the inshaken by the death of his eldest son, not only agreed to Moses' request, but actually inhabitants of that country In sisiied that the Israelites leave Ure country irfiirrcuJateJy. Pharaoh had sent for the the wake of the news concernIsraelite leaders as soon as word had reached him that all of Egypt's first- big the Israelites' release. born—including Pharaoh's—had been "mysteriously" struck down at midnight. Among the small Hebrew Moses and Aaron had excommunities in Canaan, on pected the call. They had left (See Page 2) for Rameses several hours earlier, after Moses had told the Jewish Press: "The period of haggling is t*^ "*W* time we are going >~~ ••---. JSuatmah briefly and |>..*fRy: Tonight we leave. And I think that this time Pharaoh will relent." The meeting in Pharaoh Merneptah's palace was a very short one, the shortest of all the meetings held to date between the ruler of Egypt SERVING DES MOINES, 3 C0UNCIL BLUFFS, LINCOLN, OMAHA and the leader of the insurgent Omaha, Neb.. Fri., April 1.1977 Vol.LVINo.20 ^Hebrews. Addresses Moses Merneptah, surrounded by his Council of Magicians, spoke, to Moses in these
words: ' • "Rise up and get you forth from among my people—you a n d t h e - c h i l d r e n ol Israel—and go serve your »> Lord 'as you have said. Take your flocks and your herds and be gone!" But then, Merneptah began to mention terms and limitations. •.To the consternation of those present, Moses dared to interrupt Pharaoh, as he curtly rejected all conditions. This was an Unprecedented thing In the palace, and contrary to the sacred protocol, in which Moses is wcll-vcrsed.Moses declared emphatically that he had been willing to discuss terms before God smote the land of Egypt -but not any more. A smitten people^ he added, does not dictate J«hns; It has to accept them. A Last Effort In a last effort, Pharaoh protested against "the acts of spoliation" committed by the outgoing Israelites, alleging that the Hebrews had "ransacked" the houses of the .Egyptians. Moses retorted that the Israelites had acted upon his orders, ' "This property," said Moses, "is property stolen from our people and even if Pharaoh were to deny this he cannot deny that It Is rightful compensation for the hard labor of the Israelites and for their exertlon-boUi physical and spiritual- in building Egypt." Moses recalled the leading role played by Joseph the' Hebrew in reconstructing the tottering economy of Egypt and saving the country from total ruin. "'Egypt,"~ss!d Moses, ; (See Page 2)
Order of the Day Sons of Jacob—tribes of Israel! This month shall be unto you the beginning of months. This day shall be unto you the first day of all days till the end of time. For today you have been delivered from slavery unto freedom. Today you have become a naiiun. .Egypt, with its taskmasters and its heathen beliefs, is behind you. In front of you is the desert, vast and terrible. But this terrifying wilderness leads to a land flowing with milk and honey, to the land of your fathers. Be not dismayed. For if you will remain faithful to the convenant and willingly undertake all the sacrifices the Lord may exact from you—then He will allow no harm to come to you, and your enemy shall not overpower you. As you have emerged today from bondage unto freedom, so shall you be free tomorrow in the land of your fathers. All the tribes of Israel are one nation ; and all the cities of Canaan are one land. , Hear, 0 Israel: The Lord our God is one Lord I Moses, the son of Amram
Terror, Panic Palace Is Stormed # • / » / » A A A 4% -•_ Hungry Mobs 600,000 Gathering Grip Country By RAMESES, 13 AVIV. - A RAMESES — Widespread huge crowd, driven by hunger, panic is reigning In Egypt as a yesterday staged a mass result of the terrible plagues demonstration before the with which the country Has Palace of Merneptah. The demonstrators threw stones at been stricken. the police and troops in an atForeign observers predict tempt to break through to the . that, unless some miracle oc- Palace. Troops specially trained for curs soon,' Egypt will face total collapse. The same such purposes and supported observers report that the by Ironclad chariots charged fields of the Nile Valley have the crowd with drawn swords. been laid waste, and hungry In the ensuing melee, many crowds have broken Into and were killed and wounded, a great number being trampled looted the temples. under the hoofs of the horses. All traffic on the Nile is at a standstill. .Many villagers Hebrews Spared have organized themselves in-' A summary check of to bands who rove the Israelite homes in the highways, robbing and jGoshen province reveals looting. that the Angel of Death, on The. authorities appear to be his way to smite the sons of powerless to stem these out- Egypt, passed over the breaks of violence. A number families of the Hebrews of the King's commissioners and left them intact. It seems the Children of in the villages have been murdered, and the remainder Israel were under God's have fled for their lives to the special protection tonight, for not only are all the firstcapital. born sons still alive—but no At the time of this writing, Israelite died In the course d i s t u r b a n c e s continue of the night, even of sothroughout the country. called natural causes.
s Instructions * Bas been issued by r £Z~J; .'ExodusHeatiquartere: roaemes w nwmuiy ngi' arcIUIUJ'" ttotheir respective tribes. 2, Each tribe will camp separately under its own stan' * dard, A. Everyone is to follow the Instructions of our police, so as < . -to avoid crowding, and to arrange themselves speedi:
Camp to answer pertinent questions and straighten out any difficulties that may arise. isenpSe stin arriving from Cosher, and other jsartaet "Egypt arc to report at once to the Information Tents, "wSsre they will receive fa!! instructions. * Persons not belonging to any particular tribe will congregate in the northern corner of the Camp, where they will be given full instructions as io the manner In '
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RAMESES, 15 Aviv) 2524 (since the Creation) and 490 (since the founding of Zlon). - The Children of Israel The Israelites will not use the 600,000 strong, not counting the women and children — coastal route to Canaan, It was are on the move, ynder. the leadership of Moses, the Man announced tonight by Moses. of God, they are preparing to leave Egypt'after a stay This route Is regarded as too there of x>ver 200 years, the last 86 years of which were dangerous. spent in bittery slavery. For security reasons, Moses The twelve tribes are moving in military order toward refused to divulge the course to be taken. Succoth, the point of departure, each man with his own tribe, and each tribe under its own standard. The heads of the tribes are keeping in close touch with Moses, ready at a moment's notice to help launch the long-awaited exodus. .'.,••.. It is now midnight. A full moon |s throwing a bluish light on the giant obelisks of Pithom and Rameses, the treasure cities the Israelites built for Pharaoh. In awed silence this great people is preparing for the : leap from slavery to freedpm,_^frpm ^nameless Eye-Wltness Report of obscurity to melgiorious dawn of its life as a nation. Soon the s u n will herald the rising,sun of a nation's beginning SUCCOTH, 14 Aviv. - As trek back to the Land of the history; : far as the eye can reach one Fathers. s e e s only tabernacles, • : . Terrible Events Guards Keep Order thousands upon thousands of These last minutes bring to Thousand of guards, ap- a climax a series of strange them, made of sturdy Egyptian cane and standing in long pointed by Moses, are busy In- and terrible events which rows tapering away to the stituting and "keeping order, preceded this day and made It horizon. taking care of the continuous possible. . , . The first arrlvalsfound here flood of people arriving from It may be said that it all nothing but sand, but now,- all corners of-Egypt, and ar- began when Moses; who had wlttiin a few days, a huge ranging them In their respec- been ' brought up; in; the camp. stretchlne over hun- tlve .tribes, whose con- household of Pharaoh, went dreds of acres, has been built lonments may be recognized out to his brethren and regardto house the Children of Israel by their particular tribal stan- ed them In their plight. Propreparing to return to their dards. Over on the far left one foundly moved by what he can see the standard of Judah saw, he dedicated his life to homeland. An amazing phenomenon is — the Mon on a llghtblue the redemption of his people. the order and discipline reign- background; further to the It may also be said that it ing 'tn.tbe.camp — certainly a right: flies the standard of began when he went into the trememdous achievement It Zevulun, flashing white in the house ot Pharaoh and said to one recalls that only yester- sun, and not far-from there him: Let my people got . . . day these same people were flutters the green flag of the and Pharaoh hardened his the lowliest of slaves. As if by tribe of Simon. heart. the touch of a magic wand, But the beginning of the end And still they keep coming, order has come out of chaos. on foot and by camel, the came with the first of the ten Out of this unwieldy mass of marks of the shackles still plagues that were to harass humanity, tribes and fighting imprinted on many hands and the Egyptians. Since the day columns have been formed, feet, and their the E g y p t i a n s ready to undertake the long (See Pag?S) Tseepagez)
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Rendezvous at Succoth
Ami 1.1877
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1977 l u t i n g the Stpry Today's cover, with some variations, is taken from the Chronicles, a publication of the Reubeni Foundation in Jerusalem. This most interesting book looks at history as if it were happening today, and presents the news of the past in somewhat contemporary style. Since our use of this material is designed solely to "tell the story" to our-readers — emphasizing the freedom theme of this issue we made no attempt to complete the news accounts of the actual incidents presented. For the complete stories, we refer you to the library at the JCC where that fascinating book is housed. The history of the Jewish people involves an obsession with freedom: the rights to life, liberty and the pur* suit of happiness. On the following pages, we have attempted to touch on some of the many freedoms which are enjoyed — and perhaps taken for granted -*: b y t h e m e m b e r s o fo u r J e w i s h C o m munity."',-...' v-.';.-•••'.•'•:-:r^:^: ^^•-••••~-':j-fW§,
Passover Begins JERUSALEM —The sounding of the Shofar traditionally marks the beginning of the Passover Pilgrimage to Mt. Zion, Jerusalem.
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The Jewish Press
April 1,1977
Daughter Carries On
Ruth Fulfills Ambition to Help
By Gloria Wagner Ruth Sokolof (Mrs. Phil) is a 20th century pioneer, a woman who battled her desire for a career versus her family's traditional image of a nice Jewish girl: married and tending the house and children. She not only won the battle, but emerged clearly the victor, a woman who staked her claim as a successful leader in educating visually handicapped children. Ruth attended the University of Indiana, and majored in psychology. Although she was offered a fellowship upon graduation to study at a leading hospital in Chicago, she turned it down to return home to marriage.
She thought of medicine "I toyed with the idea of going into medicine, but pressure from my family and friends precluded anything but settling down la marriage, I was raised i s get a man." Few of Ruth's friends finished school, and those who did were teachers. "My father imbued in me and my three brothers a love for education. His family prized books, reading and education." But for Ruth it was to be learning for learning's sake. Her husband, Phil, had the same principles as her father indeed; as most men did in 1947. "I. was the original Women's Lib female, and 'way ahead of my time," she reflected. "I became a housewife, and had two children, Steven, now in Houston, and Karen (Mrs. Gary Javitch), I determined that I would go to work when my children started school."
nursery school teacher at Beth El. "Despite Phil's opposition to my working, he recognized my need." In those "golden oldies" days a woman simply did not have the freedom to readily pursue a career. It had to be obtained inch by inch. Fortuitously, Bcrnlce Wolfson was interested hi a Foundation for the Blind. She had felt that there must be some eariy education for the blind before they were sent off to the state school for the blind. She approached Ruth to start a nursery school program at Beth El to serve as a transition for these* children. "I knew nothing about blind children, but I was willing to learn." It gave an excuse to go back to school." . ' ' So all of a sudden she was working part time as well as attending school. And the program, worked so well that the state of Nebraska took over the program. They map-
ped out a program of study for Ruth so that she would work for a teachers certificate and continue her work. "At that time there was no specific special education degree offered at Omaha U. "The school moved to the Meyer Therapy Center and Ruth continued her triple role as wife and mother, teacher, arid student. In 1964 Ruth stopped teaching because of illness in the family. But she hardly became idle. Instead, she went to "work" as a volunteer. She worked five days a week including an experimental music program for deprived and retarded children. "I loved being a volunteer. The only frustration in donating my services was that I was no longer the professional and could not Implement all of my own ideas." Surprisingly, she didn't mind working five days a -week -.vlLho-Jt any resnur.eratioB, "I
/ liked working with children Because she had always liked working with children since her early days as a camp counselor she sought part tune work as a •
didn't feel the need," she says. The Omaha Public Schools had taken over the Sight Center and had moved it to the J. P. Lord School. When the regular teacher became ill, Ruth was asked to take over on a full time basis.
Payment wasn't important "I assumed that ihis would be temporary, and that the other teacher would return." When she was asked to stay on permanently, Ruth and Phil discussed it. By 1967 both children wcce away at college. But most of Ruth's training for the blind had been her own. "I felt that if I were going to be a full time professional I must get a Master's degree In education for the visually handicapped in order to expand my field of knowledge." ' She signed a contract with the Omaha • Public Schools knowing that snee again she would be teacher, student and wife and mother — roles that were no w familiar to her, to her husband and children. After having a family council, Ruth packed her bags and flew off to the University of Minnesota where she received her schooling for her Master's requirements in the field of the visually handicapped. (There was no training available in Nebraska). "My family teased me that Phil had three students In college." She finished her Master's program" at the University of Nebraska at Omaha by going to school at night and teaching lull time in the day time. Now she really was a career woman. Her teaching evolved from teaching only the visually Impaired in the morning to teaching all handicapped In the afternoon, and finally integrating the blind with other handicapped. Most of her class sites wereapproximately eight or nine children at a time. (Continued on Page 55)
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April 1,1877
Military Off ers Freedom Victors pursue Jewish life By Ellen Gordman During their 14 y e a n in the United States Air Force. Col. Martin Victor and his wife, Sara Jane, have been active in the Jewish communities on the bases where they were CurrenUy the Victon are stationed at OfhiU Air Force Base where Martin, assisted by Sara Jane, is the lay leader for Jewish families. For many Jewish military families their primary contact with organized religion is provided by the base lay leader, who takes the place of the rabbi and performs many rabbinic functions such as conducting services and supervising the educational program. this is the Victors' second tour of duty at Offutt Air Force Base where Martin is Chief of Hospital Services and Chief of Aero Medical Services. During their previous stay in the late sixties there was a rabbi and a full education program.
times," Sara Jane said. "But it is amazing bow Involved you can become if people know you are practicing and observant. People will come forth and say 'Will you share with me?' and Tell roe about your holidays'." - For the Victor children being Jewish In the military has its good and bad points. "Sometimes I feel Isolated," explained Beth, senior at Bellevue High School. "Eut tei^S isslztid fcss mat\t> me stronger in my convictions about Judaism than someone who has grown up surrounded by Jews. As a result of being an only Jew for so long It's becoming more important to me. One of my major considerations for a college is does the college have an active Jewish group." Philip, a freshman at Bellevue College concurred. "Being in the military gives you a better chance to understand other religions and Col. Victor holds s copy of Chronicles, Dart of the Jewish library he has collected through the your own religion. ' yeariofhb) military service.
No Education Program "We have not been able to offer an education program this time," said Martin. "Many of the people with small children have affiliated with synagogues specifically for the . purpose of educating their children." At other bases where the Victors have lived they have participated in Jewish education by teaching Sunday school mainly so their own children, Philip and Beth, would have the opportunity to learn about Judaism. The materials for classes and other supplies for the community is made available through the Jewish Welfare Board. With funds from the base they have ordered supplies and built up resource centers* At Offutt, through their effort, there is a Jewish library located in the base chapel. The library contains pictures, books and a set of Jewish encyclopedias.
~ JWB Support Both Martin and Sara Jane stressed the support they have gotten through the years from the JWB. "I even get sermons from the JWB," commented Martin. "I don't write my own because I don't taavelhat kind of time." "When you are in the military your biggest single source of help is the JWB," said Sara Jane. "Last year at Hanukkah we had a party in our home foe about fifty people, sort of an in gathering of Jewish people from the Base. The JWB provided-mast of-the presents for us." Support for the O/futt-Jewish group also comes from the Omaha Jewish community. Martin receives help and guidance from Rabbi Brooks and Rabbi Weinstein. Recently Martin was called upon to officiate at a funeral. Even though he has been a lay leader for years this was (he first time he had to coninietthistjr-pe of service asdfee caliedpn Rabbi Brooks for advice. '.
Use Synagogues The Victors said tnat Offutt families are encouraged to use the local synagogues and the Jewish Community Center. In turn the military families try to help the Omaha comriteitf y i p ^ tervtew a group of Omaha people were at Offutt and were being hosted by base people. According to Martin "every effort is made in the Air Force to allow and encourage Jews to practice their religion. I can say that in the "Air Force antt-Seraitisin irasinot been irpt& ' blem. in rhy opinion the military services. In particular the Air Force, are about as unbiased a group as you'llfind." But still, the Victors, including their children live mainly in a non-Jewish world. Sometimes they see themselves as emissaries from the Jewish community whose mission is to help familiarize non-Jews with the basics of the Jewish religion.
Will You Share?
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"If you identify openly it may be difficult at •
Colonel and Mrs. Martin Victor, their son, Philip and their daughter, Beth, have been an Air Force Jewish family for 14 years. This is the colonel's second tour of duty at Offutt. People are always asking questions and 1 have to be able to answer them. When I take matzah sandwiches, to school it's amazing how many people like it." . The Victors' worldwide travels have afforded them an opportunity to be exposed to the flavor of Judaism around the world. Wherever they go they visit local synagogues or try to make contact with Jews in the community.
Sara Jane' Victor and daughter Beth Join in lighting Sbabbos candles.
Jewish Contacts Sara Jane likes to tell the story of their search for Jewish contacts in Michigan when they were stationed at Wurtsmith near Oswada, Michigan. • The family drove 60 miles to Alpina because they had been told that"there were a few Jewish families there. They drove down the main street of the small town until they spotted Harry's Haberdashery which as they had assumed was owned by one of the local Jewish residents. "The tendency among the non-Jewish clergy is very positive toward us. We have a good relationship," said Sara Jane. As ~ite?=5te ibis is the fact that the Protestant Adult Christian Education group has had Rabbi Kripke come talk to them about . Judaism. The culmination of these sessions Is the Passover Seder this year which is a joint effort of the Jewish, Protestant and Catholic groups on the base. About 100 are expected to attend tne seder wnichb bei by the three groups: "We are all helping with the work," explained Sara Jane. "The Seder is going to be as kosher as possible. We are using paper' plates, plastic utensils and kosher food."
Joint Purim Service
The Victors look over some of the material supplied by the Jewish Welfare Board.
Philip and Beth look at an IsraeU poster. The Victor family visited Israel in 1973. seven or eight that always come." "We have one person who attends services regularly who Is not Jewish, but he is learning to be Jewish. He may never go through the formal conversion but as far as we are concerned be is one clour congregation, J 0nn't_ think (His would go overtax well in. the formal; synagogue. But in our way of life there is a much more liberal way of thinking about It." '
The Offutt Jewish community has services twice a month conducted by Col. Victor. In addition, other holiday celebrations are held, A Good Life such as the Hanukkah party, the Seder and a Martin, who had always been an admirer of joint Purim service with the Protestant Sunthe military, joined the Air Force In the days. day School. when all physicians had to serve two years. "We have about sixty Jewish military peoDuring that time he found that he liked the Air l to Force anddedded to stay. "It's a good life as senior officers with families," said Martin. "Tar asTrh concerned and it's a good JOD. I've "We nave a small nucleus of families, about never regretted It and enjoyed it thoroughly."
Last March both Martin and Sara Jane were given the JWB Young Leadership Award for "their distinguished efforts on behalf of building Jewish communities in the military." .. For them the work as lay leadere baa beefl a jaftar of love. Ev*s« -though Isolated from=S centers of Jewish population the Victors wanted their children to be raised as. Jews. Therefore, they had to make the effort to have educational and religious opportunities available. : "We wanted the children to believe and? think Judaism is important In their lives i we had to be active," said Sara Jane. "Andj lhars why we made a point of going to is with the children in 1973."
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April 1.1877
Mdses led the Jews from Bondage . --.-.••.
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. . .and during this traditional holiday of Freedom, let us re-dedicate ourselves to Freedom in the United States and to gaining Freedom for those whereit is still not granted!
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The Jewish Pf^a
Atxil 1,1977
Being Jewish Can Present Problems
Personal Freedom is By Ellen Gordman As Director of the new Boys Town Center for Yo,uth 'Development, Ronald Feldman is beading a project that hopefully will benefit the future of America by Improving the quality of life for American youth. Dr. Feldman, who hoids a joint PhD. in sociology and social work from the University of Michigan, sees one of the roles of the Center as helping to develop more responsible and competent adults.
"For any system of freedom to survive we have to assure that people act responsibly," said Feldman. "At the Center we hope to develop new pathways for children to - develop better adult roles. We also hope to find new family support systems, new career pathways and greater opportunities for children and youth. We hope youth will have greater freedom to draw upon their true capabilities." Three Functions The Center, located In tem-
porary quarters at 114th and Center Streets, has three primary (unctions: the generation of research about youth and families, the' dissemination of research based knowledge and the training 6f people to help make practical use of the research. Research generated at the Center can be used to develop better remedial and rehabilitation programs and for* use in developing legislation and policy formulation to
help prevent problems. The research then will be disseminated around the world for use by parents, child care workers, social workers and legislators. Then the research-based knowledge will be used to help form new projects. Training In these projects will take place at the Center. The Center will be moving lnt« new quarters in the Fall on the Boys Town Campus at 138th and Pacific. For Feldman, his own personal view of freedom has two divisions. "The freedom to survive is the most essential. But there is also the freedom to optimize, to do the very best that we are able to do to realize our own potential." Barriers for Jews Feldman, believes that even though there Is great freedom In our American society as Jews we do run into barriers. According to Feldman certain areas such as academla and the research world permit Jews to use their capabilities to the fullest.
JP photo by Gonfaion
Ron FeJdman, director of the new Boys Town Center for Youth De elopment, potato to a drawing oftbeplaimedfacfllty.
These are areas where peo-plc are judged on capabilities and accomplishments based on their expertise. This is not always true in certain other sectors of American life. Although Feldman himself has never been the target of
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Dr. Feldman earned a joint Ph.D. in sociology and social workfrom the University of Michigan. He is the author of Contemporary Approaches to Group Treatment. open discrimination be does think that it can be difficult being Jewish in a non-Jewish society. "American socieiy is w r y flexible and many Jews have thrived in American'society. But there can be several forms of discrimination even among the most successful," Feldman said. Feldman noted that there are numbers of sociological studies that show that Jews definitely' have a greater belief in personal freedom than other religions. "I think we get our sense of belief from .first, hand experiences such as losing our lives and belongings during the Holocaust. Also, the rituals and major holidays stress the importance of freedom." Children Participate In the Feldman home the
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children, Daniel nine, Deborah six, and Darrah Beth, 18 months, participate In a Shabbos dinner on Friday night. The cider children say the blessings. Daniel attends Hebrew school, and both he and Deborah go to Sunday school at Temple Israel. The Feldmahs make it a point to share In depth their Jewish background with the children. One of the most memorable Passover celebrations"that the Feldmans had was In Turkey In 196ft when Dr. Feldman was a Fulbrlght scholar. Feldman's cousin was the chaplain for the Near East with hlshome base In Ankara, Turkey. He Invited the Feldmans to have the Seder with him and other Jews who were away from home for the holiday.
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Lincoln, Nebraska
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Preparing For Passover Names of tte Sber resktents in the two vertical columns at right are from top to bottom (left column) A t e Greenberg, Jennie Abler, Abraham Diamond, Sadie Rotbenberg; (right column) Anna Runden, Anna Lippett, Ida Ontman. Anna Richlin, Jennie Priemwn, Julia Fox.
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OMAHA — Passover at the Dr. Philip Sher Home is a joyful occasion with-residents look- _ ing forward to a wide variety of social and recreational opportunites. One of the newest Pre-Passover events at J h e Home is the annual eye screening conducted by Dr. Charles H. Coren of Lincoln. With the cooperation of Ben Laub, director of the Home, Dr. Coren, on a volunteer basis, screens those residents who desire the free checkup. ,.u Dr. Coren advises the management of the Home of any residents whose sight can be improved with glasses, or who may be able to benefit from medical attention. Some of the residents pictured on this page underwent the examination. Others did not.. However all have something in common: Beautiful eyes with which to foBowfije Passover Seder.. -
•. Philip Sher
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April 1,1977
Stan Lipsey: Newspaperman
I'm a Student— Not Arrived at all
By Barbara Simon dignity of the individual — It's a respect for the "When I started in this business in 1950,1 HM Mb-themei of searching, hoping, arriving at OMAHA — We talked about many different rights, the freedoms, the opportunities that thought I might try it to see where else it might a place where one can rest and feel one has kinds of feeedom — the slender fair-haired man ought to be extended to every human being. It's lead me. I really didn't know what I wanted to "arrived." with the smiling eyes and I — as we sat in his the kind of dignity that comes partly from bedo. It was so challenging, I stayed — but I beautifully appointed office at the Sun ing around people who give you room to grow, Stan Lipsey works In the public eye, never expected to find myself a publisher of a Newspapers. to operate on your own. I do try to persuade upholding many of the Ideals inherent In the Pulitzer Prize-winning paper,"hebeams. Passover theme and in our democratic instituWe talked about the freedoms of the seven- others I work with to see this." ties; and we talked about Jews being free to "You know, we're the only weekly tions. His personal philosophy reflects some of function in that freest of all media — the "1 might never have gotten to work with newspaper to ever receive It for reporting — the same ideals. it's really unheard of — and we won it the same American free press. Stanford Lipsey, 49, Dave," Lipsey recalls, "except that When I "I'm afraid of getting In a rut — Intellectual- year ti5=M~AV=M=Stas ?<— was i t far ly and emotionally. The big word in my life publisher Of the Sun Newspapers, an Omaha company putting out U weekly publications, 20,1 struck out (or California and a public rela- Watergate." He is clearly delighted to share right now Is growtttt'm not finished — I'm still has much to say on many subjects, in his witty, tions and sales job with a big firm, married some of the pride of being part of a newspaper searching, learning, trying out new exloquacious, animated manner. periences, looking for more self-awareness. Jeanne Blacker there, and then decided that so highly regarded and honored. His personal and business life points up many job wasn't for me. Two years' search for a One co-worker and long-time friend, Mary "I get the most from people who are Indepencontrasts between successful American business in the Los Angeles market proved Fellman, who has served with Lipsey on the dent, thinking individuals. I really love the businessmen of our time, and our forebears frustrating, so when my father-in-law invited Jewish Press committee for many years, says, richness that comes from dialogue and the exwho lived for many hundreds of years under op- me to try a job at the Sun, we returned to "Stan has really carried on a tradition of quali- change of ideas. I think it's so important (or me 1 pression — stretching back, if you will, to the Omaha. My sense of self and my own values ty In his life and in the paper that would have to be exposed to various attitudes toward life, were deepened and enlarged by being around made Dave Blacker proud. People notice what and good for me to keep knowing. It's really ultimate oppression, slavery in Egypt. the Sun papers say. He's made It grow from easier not to search, you know. Growth can be Ke speaks from a position of ftnascis! com- this marvelous man." Blacker owned and operated the Sun until his two or three small papers to its place in the painfui. fort, the privilege of living in a democratic country, and the unique perspective of a death, when Lipsey and wife, Jeanne, received community today. He's carried on a strong "And I find a dichotomy in myself'too. 1 newspaperman, who is conscious daily of the controlling Interest. They held control until ethical sense, and has honesty and for- thrive on the fierce pace I go on dally, yet I extraordinary principles of freedom of speech, 1969, when the papers were sold to Berkshire- thrlghtncss, and above all a sweetness that per- yearn for tranquility too, for the time to reflect, vades everything. . which Jews of old certainly did not have from Hathaway. evaluate and examine values." Exodus-days forward until recent times, and Warren Buffett, Lipsey's good friend and ma"I think his work is not only an example of Lipsey's brilliant smile and eagerness reveal which millions of people today in the world do jor stockholder of Berkshire-Hathaway, agrees the kinds of freedoms we can enjoy today, but the genuine openness and receptivity that not enjoy. These, then, are some of the issues that there is nothing about the Sun papers that he personally has the ability to create others have commented upon. which make Stan Lipsey an appropriate figure can be identified as Jewish, because of Lipsey's psychological freedom for other people. That is He gives me a big grin and his eyes sparkle to interview for this Passover edition. influence, but that Lipsey's values are consis- very rare in today's businessman. Freedom to "be" came Into our conversation tent with what is excellent in newspapering, "I think his personality Is fascinating — he's as he describes some recent reading he has early. Lipsey's father's family was forced off and that those values are also consistent with dynamic and creative — and at the same time done on possibilities for human potential. i very calm, patient, and understanding. He (heir land near Minsk, Russia, where they had Jewishness. He has arrived In one sense—at the top of his "Stan has his Imprint on the paper — and makes everybody feel important.." become too successful for the nearby gentile profession — but he says, grinning, "I'm growlandowner!, and they fled to Omaha in 1912. Hi3 he's one of the finest human beings I know," Freedom — a word often over used and mis- ing all the time. I'm a student—not arrived at mother's family has a harrowing tale to tell of says Bulfett. "He's very fair-minded and used — is the central theme of Passover, with all." sneaking past, border guards and running for straight. How he feels — what he feels are Important about society and institutions gets tnelrUyes. . "My family was reared in and fled from ter- translated into tiie paper. Everything about ror and oppression. Somewhere from all that him is fine — and the journalistic quality of the — and my Jewish background — I came out paper reflects this." Lipsey says, "One of the most important with a sense of Importance, and a really strong feeling about the dignity of the Individual. That things to me is fairness — in reporting, In portrayal of a story. You know, a newspaper has has had great Influence on me as a publisher. "And, of course, I was taught by Dave tremendous power. People believe what's Blacker, former owner and publisher of the Sun, printed. And a paper reinforces and changes 'Newspapers, and my father-in-law, who had beliefs by subtle things like how a story is run, such fervor for what was right, and cared so how often, where it's placed, what is reported much for the integrity of the printed word. His and what is left out. Fair reporting is an imporspirit, his concern, his fairness toward people tant goal of mine — lack of distortion, and fair and the newspaper business — all these things presentation of all sides of an issue, added to my sense of "being" as I grew and "The beauty of a weekly newspaper," he conlearned. tinues, "is that because the dally news must be "Also, knowing where my parents had come reported by the dally paper and the other from, and their experiences, gave me a greater media, we can do more In depth investigative appreciation for the freedom of the press and or enterprise reporting. 1 see our role as an efmotivated me to make sure those freedoms fort to humanize the news — to help people cope, to produce stories and Coverage people were safeguarded. • "By now I feel no fetters on my life what- can enjoy and relate to. "Qnepf the reasons that newspapering absoever, which ores result of my being Jewish, I remember experiencing some prejudice as a sorbs my iife," he says} "Is that it does allow"" student years ago, and I feel there Is less pre- open dialogue, searching and planning, exerjudice now — perhaps because human beings cises in freedom. At the paper, we find have grown and matured over the years.' And ourselves in the position to influence the other the enormous job Individuals and institutions freedoms our society cherishes — not only freedom of the press. The Sun papers are did to combat prejudice must be recognized. "Certainly I'm aware of anti-Semitism in always on the side of free choice — we're anticertain social groups, and that anti-Jewish feel- censorship; we're for the woman's right tc ing remains as an undercurrent in certain choose in the matter of abortion; we were for .: : r ~ : r social institutions, but I personally haven't felt reducing the voting age." We continue to talk about the kinds of much overt discrimination in my life. Isn't that a marvelous thing — compared to what our freedoms that being involved with a newspaper makes one think about. Lipsey mentions inparents experienced? "I think I'm accurately speaking for other vestigative reporting and enterprise reporting Jews of my generation, and in the newspaper — when the policy-makers decide that an issue - business in particular. I think Jews are neither should be brought to the attention of the public. "The freedom to investigate and to bring to _:£y£f-r£nrpfipnti>d. as some, detractors claim, HgDt complete cnowi cage nor under-represented, in the field." I search for some particular "Jewish" con- to our work," says Lipsey proudly. "That concerns in Lipsey's life and work on a newspaper. cept — the right of the people to know, and the First Amendment ideology of freedom of the He hesitates. 'Tftettct that I'm Jewish doesn't even enter press are glorious things. The paper is free in a way our ancestors never would have dreamed ^tifff-*'"*--"*t^"" f T ""• <*•"* RII* n Biactert ssa-ia-law, the ethics he lived by, "possime — tree to o s i B e m t i which were so Jewishiy tiefiveu, helped shaps {gent, and -therj»atchdOR of community '""', 7~ ~ my newspaper ethics — but they are also institutions." "' ~ values that hold in all facets of life, for anyone, He shows me with great pleasure the cer-"" of course. I'm talking about fairness, and an tificate proclaiming the Sun Newspapers a awareness of the tremendous power in the recipient of the 1973 Pulitzer Prize for local Inpress, and not abusing it. I'm talking about ob- vestigative reporting. The paper won it for an jectivity — and always letting the other side be eight pag£ section reporting that Boys. Town < heard. was pleading poverty to the public in the name "Dave Blacker gave me lots of room to make of "poor" homeless boys, when it in fact was Newspaperman Stan Lipsey, publisher of the Sun newspapers, and a member of the Jewish Preu ray -own-anstates. -i 4feiBfcifcai's- t-iyplsaay ft<y»wwlcffng' nfrflfton.S iif - jfallflfS ** In Iw- „, advisory.committee, holds a.copy of last year's Rosb Hasfaanab edition. On the wall In the foJerant Jewish v a l u e d really believe in the vestments. fcvfi) .v.i9>"}.;rri~ H ^ K ) U t h P U t P w a w a r t e d t o t r a s u n i m 9 7 3 f o
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Tha Jewish Press
April 1.1977
Jewish Background Provides Foundation Judge Sam Cooper Presides By Ellen GordLnan For Samuel Cooper his profession, law, and his religion, Judaism, go hand in hand and mingle together in his life. Cooper, judge of the Douglas County Court, sees the influence of Judaism daily in his practice of law. "I think it is hard tn separate Judaism from my secular opinion and conduct. There is a mergers the t w o . . . there is much in American law that is based on Judaism. There are phrases in the Declaration of Independence that are biblical in origin like 'let freedom ring' and 'proclaim liberty throughout the land'. Much in America is based on biblical and Judaic principles. These principles are part and parcel of the humanistic universal application of freedom."
Usually each Passover there is a big family Seder Including anywhere from 16 to 18 people. Cooper said that attunes they have Invited non-Jewish friends to share the evening with them. At the Coopers a Seder is a full evening starting around 7:30 p.m. and lasting until 10:30p.m. .,....:...
Anti-Semitism still exists Although America is the land of the free, Cooper said that subtle anti-Semitism still exists. "People still use certain phrases and make subtle remarks. But in Omaha the opportunity has been fmmense. We have had many Jews in public office. We've' had Jewish mayors, Jewish councilmen and a Jewish senator. Freedom doeseylst." -".
His family came from Poland
Cooper was questioned about the complaint of the American people that the government is taking away their freedom by a constant barrage of new rules, regulations and laws. "People don't want government interference, but when a,problem presents itself people want something done," Cooper replied.
For Cooper, personal freedom in America began when his family emigrated from Poland wher. he was seven years eld. ' And he saw the beginnlngs,,pt the re-establishment of human freedom when he spent a Passover Seder with a Belgian family In newly liberated Europe in 1945. "This Belgian man had an amazing belief in God. He was a just person despite what was done to him during the war. He was in charge of German prisoners of war. He could have been rough on these men but he treated them with compassion. The Seder I had with the family was held in a warm, receptive atmosphere." Cooper's own personal definition of freedom "is the atmosphere and ability to do what one thinks is right which carries with ft the sense of responsibility for one's acts." Using this definition and his ownn personal sense of what is right or wrong, Cooper sits in his courtroom to carry out the letter of tho la w. He thinks that his Jewish background has an influence In his practice of being a judge. • •-.•,'.,.,
Jewish influence is evident "I don't know if the Influence of Judaism is a conscious one. Any judge Is a product of his background, philosophies and education. But (here is no conflict between Judaism and the law. I get great satisfaction from practicing law. It is the synthesis of
"I think we have to approach each request on an individual basis. We have to decide where we want government regulation and where it should be left to individual discretion."
Judge Samuel V. Cooper- in chambers. The photo In the background Is of the old Douglas County Courthouse. the abstract and Uie practical." ' Cooper, who Is a graduate of Creighton Law School, received very little formal Jewish education as a child. But he is trying to make up for this by attending adult education classes and by doing a lot of reading on his own. He and his wife, Judy, maintained a Jewish tradition in their home while their four children were growing up. The Coopers continue to celebrate the Jewish holidays with their daughter and son-in-law, Holly and Abe Zelderman; son, Justin, a sophomore at UNO; and daughters Ronna, a Central High junior and Marsha, a Central High sophomore.
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Cooper also said there is unjustified criticism, of the court system.'"We see someone at the end of the line. A hundred things may have gone wrong up until that point. There may be no, proper education, no sense of moral conduct, no prevloui parental guidance." Cooper must make a decision whether to fine someone or put him In jail. He makes an attempt to use rehabilitative measures. For instance, in the case of a drunken driver, he often will funnel the offender into a rehabilitative program. • , ••;•' : The Judge, whose jurisdiction covers Douglas County outside of the Omaha city limits, seldom sees a Jewish defendant in his •court.
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April 1,1877
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Center Is Home for Cultural Arts *m By Ellen Goodman For the Jewish people of Omaha the year 1974 saw the fulfillment of a dream wtth the opening of the new Jewish Community Center. We had a new, fresh building waiting to be molded into a viable Center to serve the needs of people of all ages. Three years later tbe center is taking on its own personality, full of activity that adds life tp brick and mortar. Part of the sights and sounds of life are the activities of the Cultural Arts Department. Charged with bringing to the community those events to feed the souls, the last three years have seen a tremendous growth in the r.uir.bers and varieties in cultural activities of fered. With an emphasis on Jewish culture, the Department offers a wide variety of activities aimed at the varying tastes of the community. Included are programs In the areas of Jewish learning, drama, music, dance and art. On this page is a candid look at the various segments of the Cultural Arts Department that are helping to make the Omaha Jewish Community Center a Jewish Cultural Center.
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Dave Rosenberg. Tim Duggan and Cheryl Wild to a scene from the Center Stage productfcfflOf"CatchMeIiYouCan"i
Amy KsiimM and NaonUMltcbeU practice at the bar during theirbaUetdaas.
family Center picnic.
Opal Parmenter hang her pictures for the current showing.
Rabbi Jonathan Rosenbaum teaching his Monday night Jewish, Adult Education class.
Ensemble of the Ensemble play for a receptive audience to the first Cultural Arts department outdoorjazz concert. ' ChUdreniDCIayclassapplylngglazetothelrcreations.
April 1,1977
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The Jewish Press
April 1,1977
Ten Yearsof ReunitedJerusalem I
Ten years ago, on Monday, governmental, educational, June S, 1967, an uneasy peace hotel and commercial lay over the divided, beautiful facilities. and holy city of Jerusalem. It is all very well to highlight At 11 a.m. that morning, the unique religious and Jordinian forces opened ar- historical qualities of tillery fire' against Jewish Jerusalem, but it is also imJerusalem. portant t o stress that Israel counter-attacked. Jerusalem needs a constant Alter two days and nights of flow of Israel Bond dollars. bitter hand-to-hand fighting, Israel Bonds have been CenJewish forces captured,the tral to the upbuilding of the naOld City as well as other areas tion's economy for more than previously held by Arab a quarter of a century. They forces* have also played a primary Divided 19 years earlier, role in the constant progress, Jerusalem was again united. expansion and development of . For the first time In nearly Jerusalem and its lncreasinly two millenia," Jews were free important environs. to visit and pray at the Jerusalem is the heart of Western Wall, the site of the Israel. According to the ancient Temple of Solomon, Talmud, It is both "a lantern without any restrictions and to t&e nations" asd "the under the protection of an in- metropolis of the world." The dependent and sovereign prayer of "Next year in Jewish State. Jerusalem," chanted across It was the 28th day of lyar on the centuries by Jews in the the Hebrew calendar, and it is., D i a s p o r a , s c a t t e r e d a d a y t h a t s h a l l be throughout the world, symremembered forever in the bolizes the everlasting yearnhistory of the Jewish people as ing for Zion and the love and the celebrate the 10th anniver- reference in which Jews have always held the "Golden City" sary of reunited Jerusalem. Jews everywhere rejoiced, of Jerusalem. The Psalmist vows: "If I for reunification had come to the city which Is the center of forget thee, 0 Jerusalem, let the world for Jews and is the my right hand forget her cunnfount of three major religions; ing. If I forget thee, let my Since Jerusalem's transfor- tongue cleave to the roof of my mation into an open city it has mouth." It was 3,000 years ago made giant strides in its ex- that King David made pansion and development. In Jerusalem the capital city of this area Israel Bonds have Israel. Today, ten years after had a major impact, providing liberation, we celebrate large sums of investment reunited Jerusalem as the capital to help build industrial zones, to expand national K * *** *
ByHaroidU.Rtoalo* reborn capital of modern , means Jerusalem" and it Is also written in the Talmud, Israel. The Jews of Jerusalem to- "Ten measures of beauty day are the inhabitants with came down to earth; nine the longest unbroken associa- were taken by Jerusalem and tion with the city. It is a belov- one by the resl of the world." ed city, always in the prayers Far more recently, Saul of Jews. It is where the Tem- Bellow, the Nobel Laureate, ple of Solomon once stood and wrote in To Jerusalem and which has known the tread of Back, an impressionistic acOld Testament patriarchs and count of his visit to Israel. "I kings. .. . f e e l that the !!gh! «' It is, In 1977, the seat of the Jerusalem has purifying Government, the President of powers and filters the blood the State, the Knesset (Parlia- and the thoughts; I don't forment of Israel), the Supreme bid myself the reflection that Court, the Chief Rabbinate, light may be the outer garthe Hebrew University and the ment of God." Israel Museum. Since' reunification, It is the burial place of kings Jerusalem, with the aid of and prophets and the holiest of Israel Bonds, has developed at Jewish shrines.- The Western a rate unmatched since the Wall stands as eloquent period of the Second Temple witness to mlllenla of Jewish two thousand years ago. Its faith, determination and belief tremendous expansion and that a new Jewish Com- development during the past monwealth would arise so that decade reflects the strides there might be an ingathering taken by the entire nation In of the Jewish peoplec the period since Jerusalem Jewlsh books of liturgy and was united after almost, two law, sacred and secular decades of barbed-wire divivolumes of wisdom, focus on sion. '.; the Importance of Jerusalem In the last 10 years the city to the Jews. "Out of Zion shall has expanded from 9,500 go forth the Law," Isaiah said, acres, which had comprised "and the word of the Lord Jewish Jerusalem,, to 30,000 from J e r u s a l e m . " The acres. The population has Talmud adds "Eternity grown In the ten years by oriethird, at an average annual rate,of 3.7 per cent. The population was estimated at the beginning of 1977 at about
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. One of the most Inspiring sights in United Jerusalem: Jews shipping at the Western Wall. 2. A scene in United Jersualem with its modern hotels, apartments and office buildings. . Arabs and Jews mingle peacefully in East Jerusalem, a f sight since the reunification of Israel's capital' city ten yean ~ - a g a . - . . • ; - - •--,_••••
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4. An experienced Israeli seamstress teaches a young Arab worker how to hem a robe at the Frine Lingerie Company in Jerusalem, which was established with the aid of Israel Bonds.
SSS.OOO of which JOJ ,ooo was religious studies. The reunification of non-Jewish. The Jewish population therefore Is 72.7 Jerusalem has triggered a burst of economic activity. per cent. The labor force of the city But social and economic prohas grown by 18,000 since 1968, blems mushroomed. AS' a from 84,000 to 102,000, cultural and spiritual center, representing in Increase of Jerusalem demands and re. quires special care, planning about 21 per cent. Jerusalem's intricate net- and consideration. Yet it has work of roads, so vital to its the highest percentage ot defense, has been expanded. families receiving social Water supplies between East welfare and the highest and West Jerusalem have' percentage or families »12& been amalgamated and elec- seven or more children. For a sharp view of the contric companies jointly supply their services throughout the tradictions, contrasts and city. This means, among other challenges — here is Saul things, that the Arab in- Bellow again with observahabitants of Jerusalem all tions on Jerusalem an against have water and power and other cities and localities electricity, which was not a throughout Israel: "You are fn a city like many another — common comfort In the past. Welfare, heaith services and well, sot quite, far Jerusalem education are available to all is the only ancient city I've on an equal basis. Thousands ever seen in which antiquities -of Individuals and families, are not on display as relics but Jewish and non-Jewish alike, are In dally use. have settled In Jerusalem, "StUJ, the city is a modem which is struggling to remain city with modern utilities . . . economically viable as it faces You hear symphony or(he challenges of the im- chestras on the radio. But sudmediate future and the years denly the music stops and a beyond. . terrorist bomb is reported... The number of apartments six young people killed and has increased by 26,000 units,, thirty-eight more wounded... from 70,000 units in 1967 to B o m b s . a r e e x p l o d i n g 96,000 In ms.- There also has everywhere. Dynamite has been a constant rise in mobili- just been thrown in London; ty in dwellings, reflecting the the difference is that when a rise In the standards of the in- bomb goes off in a West End habitants, and the higher stan- restaurant'the fundamental right of England to exist is not dard of building. Statistics show completion i In dispute." of 30,000 building units since '" In 1977, the 10th year of the reunification, of which 52 per reunification of Jerusalem, Israel must be In possession of cent arepublicbulldlngs. The city remains a paradox. a strong economic InfraIt Is both ancient and modern. structure in order to ease the It Is steeped In tradition and path to peace in a constantlyhistory and yet contemporary simmering Middle East. After urban problems upset its three decades of conflict, warserenity and stability. fare, bloodshed, agony and Jerusalem's airport has been frustration, there is hope that expanded and now serves as perhaps now the way will be host to overseas flights. At the opened to peace and the same time, it Is the greatest ploughshare... center hi the world for Jewish (Continued on Page 42)
April 1.1977
Our Best Wishesfor Passover
David Lift Miriam Meyerson , PaulAiperson »•
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The Jewish Press
April 1.1977
Many nooJewisn partners In Jewish Committee. All studies usually agree on mixed marriages no longer ask to be converted to the main poInU: More Jews get married Judaism. later than members of other AH studies conclude that tte groups; the birthrate among instability in the life of marJ e w s i s g o i n g d o w n ; ried couples and the apparent making more money and tak- disintegration of Jewish fami- childlessness has become discontinuity in the transmising more out of life than on ly life may affect Jewish con- socially acceptable. sion of values from parents to carrying the burden of sup- tinuity - In addition to the Jewish "singles" prefer the children constitute a serious constantly growing intermar- single way of life, even If they porting a family. threat to Jewish identity and It has to do with the fact that riage which in some parts of have a child from a previous continuity. Also, that childlessness has become the country now involve about marriage which ended In something must be done — socially acceptable among 50 percent of all the Jewish divorce. The divorce rate is and done speedily — by the Jews; that there is no stigma marriages — Jewish com- going up — one out of two mar- orgaaiisd Jewish community for failure of marriage, and munities and national riages, and there is a constant and its agencies to develop (here Is no presumption of per- organizations are beginning to increase in simue parent policy and guidelines tor manence; that more Jews study the problem of the ero- families. educational and advocacy promarry later than other groups sion of the Jewish family as a The sense of responsibility grams with regard to the and that when they separate, potential "problem Number of individual family members Jewish family. The American they do not intend to re-marry One" for American Jewry. to other family members has Jewish Committee has now but prefer to live in freedom. decreased. The role of embarked on a three-year proGreat Anxiety If they happen to have a child, Jewishness Is no longer cen- gramtothis effect, on national they become "single parents" Analytical studies on thetral to the lives of individual and local levels. placing the child In some in- subject are now being con- family members. stitution — and In camps for ducted, or initiated, by the the summer — and visiting American Jewish Committee, Variations Noted With sexual taboos less Siens at their convenience. the Coaaci! ef Jewish Federa- restrictive, taaay men and Prof. Bubio does not agree Most of such children are be- tions and others. Programs women openly satisfy their w i t h t h o s e w h o t o o ing taken care of by their are being mapped aimed at sexual and emotional needs pessimistically conclude that "single fathers" rather than checking the growth of family after divorce and no longer the Jewish family Is lost as an by their "single mothers." disintegration. I have before find the need for a second institution for the future. His Then, of course, there is the me a number of such studies marriage. Cases are being analysis tells a "good-news, question of "mobility" - or outlining the implications for reported of young women who bad-news" story — by no family members looking for the Jewish community which consciously decide to have means only a story of gloom, jobs in other cities and thus the weakening Jewish family children without benefit of despair and hopelessness. matrimony and outside of a He enumerates all the difbecoming estranged from the carries. family. This is no small factor One of the best is by Prof. "permanent" living arrange- ficulties and tensions which many Jewish families are exin rocking the ship called the Gerald B. Bubls, director of ment There is a dramatic In- periencing today, but lie alto Jewish family. A study of the the School of Jewish ComCouncil of Jewish Federations munal Service of the Hebrew crease In the proportion of stresses that some 70 per cent has established that about 60 Union College - Jewish In- Jewish mothers working out- of Jewish marriages in percent of Jews aged between stitute of Religion in Los ride the home, Including 50 per America make It through life, 30 and 34 were in a different ci- Angeles. There are also others cent of mothers of pro-school . and that less than one in four over the age of 30 is likely to ty In 1970 from where they by expert Jewish sociologists, and school age children. were In 1965 and that more including one by Yehuda "Mobility" and mixed mar- remarry, no matter what they than 60 percent of those aged , Rosenman, head of the Jewish riages are sraoag the major think of marriage now, when 25-29 were planningtomove. Communal Service Affairs factor* contributing to the they are of a mind to remain in (Continued on Page 44) Deeply concerned that the Department of the American decline of the Jewish family.
Jewish Leaders View With Alarm 'Catastrophic' Changes in Family By Boris Smolar
their families live. Elderly p a r e n t s , who a l w a y s generated warmth in the fami-, Jewish' family life, for ly, no longer share the dwellgenerations a bastion of ings of their sons and Jewish togetherness, is now daughters, They are treated undergoing in this country with kindness by their what community leaders con- children but are not welcomed sider "catastrophic changes." to live with them. Those who Jewish }?sdtrshi|t- : a: well have sufficient means to live as all branches of the on their own, find their places American rabbinate — view in apartments distant from with alarm the growing the sections in the city where dissipation of the Jewish fami- their affluent children live. ly all over the country, They Others seek their way to consider it a greater danger homes for the aged. They feel for Jewish continuity than nostalgic about their children even the ever-growing Inter- and grandchildren but they are isolated. marriage. It has been the family, as an Widening Gap institution, that cemented The disintegration of Jewish Jewish life and traditions everywhere since Biblical family life is not only a questimes. No religtoethnlc com- tion of the widening gap betmunity has been more ween parents and children. It prideful of the place and im- is much more than,that. It is port of the family as a shaper caused to a very great extent of values and as an instrument by the constantly growing of creative continuity. Today, number of divorces. It is prothe viability of the family as duced by the fact that sexual an' Institution is put more and patterns and values are changing and by the accepmore under question. The link between parents tance of the fact that one can and children in Jewish live in "freelove." It has to do with the ambifamilies is getting weaker with every year. No longer do tion of many young Jewish many children of college age women to build a career (or choose to live with their themselves rather than to conparents- They prefer to live duct a home and to raise a separately — at the cost of family. It Is also duetothe their parents — even if they ambition of young Jewish men study in the same city where who prefer to concentrate on O i l r M M awfUia, J.T JL > IIniMTllipillil -|i j • - •
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THE WISE SON — "What says the wise son? He asks: What are the testimonies, statutes and judgment whence the Lord our God had commanded you? Then ydu shall instruct him in all the laws of the Passover..."
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The Jewish Pran
April 1.1977
L'Chaim - Reflections of time: A short story By Ellen Gordman Stein, the caterer, scurried about the tables checking on last minute details. The fire had again gone out underneath the potato pancakes. Stein lit the Stereo can for the fifth time and coned the slight breeze. He also cursed his luck at being chosen to cater this particular wedding. Of course, he prepared the best authentically kosher food in the entire metropolitan New York -arevbut New Haven, Conn., was not exactly a suburb of Manhattan. He had brought every table, chair, glass, napkin, disb, pSecs of sUvsnysre sad every potato pancake, knish, chicken leg and chopped liver mold 90 miles to the Yale University courtyard. Although be complained about all the extra work, it was worth the effort. Branford courtyard was a beautiful setting for a wedding. The buildings that faced the four sides of the courtyard bad been built of limestone in the late 1880's. Tune and weather had turned the stones a dark shade of grey. Through the years climbing Wisteria had moved up the sides of the buildings. The blue-purple flowers were in full bloom and had never looked more beautiful. The grass was thick, lush and a dark shade of green not yet parched out by the warm summer weather. Allsa had wanted to be married in this courtyard The dorm where she had lived for two years was in the western building, Oakley Hall. She bad seen the changing colors of the seasons from her window. And, this was the place where Alan had proposed to her last whiter after the first snowfall. Allsa thought that the first wedding between two Yale graduates should take place at the University. The ceremony was scheduled to start in 15 minutes. Stein struggled to assemble the members of the wedding party so the ceremony could begin on time. Finally, the participants were lined up In the proper order. The guests were all seated on folding chairs waiting expectantly. The four men holding the huppah began to walk Blowly down the grassy aisle. John, Michael, Ben and Rick each held one post of the traditional canopy under which the bride and groom would stand. The men reached their positions and turned facing toward the center. The orchestra softly played an old Yiddish song. Together, the rabbi and cantor walked down the aisle.
'I worked hard and gradually moved up the corporate lad'My newly married parents heeded the warning and left for America where they had cousins. They arrived in Rock Island, der. I participated in civic activities and became well accepted 111., five years later with three children and no money .My father in the New Haven community. My only setback came when I became a house painter and gradually my family prospered. was refused membership in the New Haven Club which had a no When the silent movies came, father decided to turn himself Into Jews policy. I vowed someday to become a member of that Club. an American businessman. He opened up a chain of theaters in I ended up doing even better. During the 195O'> the Club came the area. Both of my parents worked long hours. All of the • upon hard financial times and closed. I bought the building and children, who by this time numbered seven, pitched in and opened it as a teen recreation center. helped. I played the piano music to accompany the action on the 'One of the highlights of my life was being chosen as the first screen. Keeping up with the times Father switched to the Jewish person to serve as a trustee on the Yale University Cortalkies, and I was out of a Job. poration. Today, I am president of the bank. My three children • 'As my brothers and I grew up we took over running the have all become successful in their own right. Stephen Is a business, and my parents gradually retired. They could enjoy surgeon, Donald is a college professor and Susan is a social the fruits of their hard work. They participated in the Bar and worker. I even have four beautiful grandchildren. Bat Mitzvah ceremonies of their grandchildren. They were at 'I've certainly come a long way since the first bewildering the graduation of their first grandchild to finish college. They day at Yale.' celebrated the birth of their first great-grandchild. They travel" . . . by this ring according to the Law of Moses and of ed to Miami Beach each winter and spent four months. And, at Israel," recited Alan. the age of 80, my mother took her first airplane ride. "Alan", Allsa said, "this.ring U a symbol that thou are my 'But although mother was a thoroughly American lady, she husband in accordance with the Law of Moses and of Israel." The rabbi spoke. "I will sow resd the Kstussh, the marnever adjusted to warnings. Tiic trauma Of her OwTi Wedding day . never left her. She knew that weddings were safe in America. riage contract. On the first day of the week..." She knew that .soldiers didn't disrupt marriage celebrations by '1 wish David could have shared this moment with me/ Ruth riding their horses through synagogue social halls and hotel ballrooms. She knew but the fear never left her. I don't think my thought. 'He would have stood proudly as his daughter was marmother ever relaxed at a wedding and enjoyed the happy occa- ried. We had hopes and dreams together but this is beyond what sion. The best moment of the day was when she could return to we both Imagined, the safety of her own home. 'The War was a horror I try not to think about. But David 'And, here I am today at the wedding of her great-grand son and I survived. In the concentration camp we agreed to go to' in a courtyard of an American University far removed from that Israel after the War. But the British policy made it Impossible to village in Russia. I wonder what she would be thinking If she reach Israel, and we found ourselves interned in a displaced perwere here. I'm sure she would still be apprehensive. Some sons camp on Cyprus. We were frustrated that we could not go to things never change.' / Israel, and we didn't want to go back to Europe. Instead, we went to America with hopes someday of settling in Israel. When we arrived in New York, we were reunited with my brother, Ira, and his family. 'With a small loan we started a printing business because that is what we knew bow to do. My father had been a printer In Poland, and Ira and I had learned the trade as children. Ira and I ran the printing presses, and .David found us customers. We managed to make enough money to enable us to live. Then in our third year In America we printed Bar Mitzvah invitations for a man who owned a very big production company. He liked our work, and we began to do his business printing. This was the start of our success. Through the years we acquired more large customers, and we prospered.
Next, came the five couples of honor attendants. The bridesmaids wore dresses of blue flowered material that matched the color of the climbing Wisteria. The couples walked down the aisle together and then separated at the huppah to flank each side. They turned and faced the back of the courtyard waiting for the bride and groom. The notes of the music signaled to Alan that it was his turn to , walk down the green aisle. His parents stood on either side and would lead nun to the huppah. With a one, two, three count from Stem, the three people set of f down the path. All the guest turned to face the approaching trio. Alan waved at his grandfather sitting in the front row, and then he took his place In front of the .huppah. He watched as Allsa took her position. Stein fluttered around her adjusting her veil and smoothing out wrinkles in her dress.-On her musical cue Allsa began her walk down the aisle escorted by her mother and her uncle Ira. Allsa smiled broadly as she beard the rustling of her train on the long grass. They arrived at the huppah and arranged themselves according to the " . . . who created the fruit of the vine. Blessed art Thou, 0 instructions they had received at practice. When everyone was . Lord our God, who sanctifies His people Israel by means of (his in the proper position the rabbi began. ' canopy and the marriage ceremony," Intoned the rabbi. "Now, first Alan and then Alisa will drink from the wine cup. Do you "We are here today to celebrate the marriage of Alisa to Alan take Alisa to b e . . " Alan. This is a happy occasion for all of us. Weddings are a time for relatives and friends from all parts of the country to gather 'I remember the first day I ever saw this courtyard,' together for a joyous event. And, the friends and relatives who- thought John as he held one of the poles supporting the huppah. have come to New Haven have extra reason to celebrate 'It was Sept. 5,1834.1 had traveled from Kansas City on the train because they have already attended Allsa and Alan's college for three days to reach New Haven. I was hungry, almost broke and very scared. As I stood in this courtyard looking around the graduation. And so, m a few days time we h a v e . . . " buildings and at ail the weli dressed young men happily greeting : 'My mother wouldn't have been happy,' thought Manny, the one another, I regretted having decided to attend Yale. bridegroom's grandfather. 'She would have been sitting next to me nervously twisting her handkerchief in her fingers. Even 'Yale University, the first stop on my way to becoming a though she lived In America for over SO years, she never got over successful young man. But I didn't feel too confident then. In her feeling of terror at weddings. She must have told me the fact, I remember turning around and starting to head for the train station. I didn't fit in at an Ivy League School. I was just a story of her problem on the way to at least 20 weddings. . poor Jew from the Midwest who somehow had gotten a scholar'!» Iliawia Hte urns harvl nnH lha iwanla WBM raw -Thov ship to Yaie. • "<"' . ; *. . always looked forward to weddings because it was a time of such happiness. All the women of the village would contribute 'But I was really tired, and the thought of getting back on food, dishes and linens to make each event beautiful. Everyone the train for three more days was not too appealing. I decided to put on their best clothes, forgot the troubles of their lives and get a decent meal and a good night's sleep. Then, in the mornreally enjoyed themselves for a few hours. . ing, I would return to Kansas City and try for a start closer: to home in njargcgmtortabtei surroundings. _ . ..._..'. • i : : --_-'p ^ p The courtyard behind the synagogue had been arranged for U^E- : A •Anerasktog'direaions 1 found my room is tSe stUc:qf: feast. The tables were decorated and laden with food waiting for Oakley Hall. Life looked better the next day, and I decided to the celebration to begin. At last, the ceremony was over, and the give Yale a try. The next four years were not easy. I was usually eating, singing and dancing could begin. Shortly, one of the tired and overworked. But one Friday night at the synagogue, I children came rushing to tell the adults that the Czar's troops met a local businessman who befriended me. He invited me had entered the village and were setting fire to all the buildings. home to have dinner with his family. This Sabbath meal became Then the soldiers on huge cavalry horses appeared.. They a regular event. I looked forward to home cooked food and to jumped their horses over the low fence that surrounded the visiting with his daughter, Rebecca, whenever she was home courtyard and rode around inside for a few minutes. The troops from college. Finally, I graduated and took a job as a clerk in a left leaving behind a warning to evacuate the village within the -local bank. Rebecca and I were married in this courtyard over • 30 years ago. week. All around was death and destruction.
'During this time our daughter, Alisa was born. We still bad hope of one day selling the business and settling in Israel. In 1960, we started to seriously plan our Aliyah to Israel. Then David became ill with emphysema. The tuberculosis he had suffered during the War had badly damaged his lungs. The hard work and the air pollution of New York took their toll, and David died. 'Alisa and I decided to remain In America with our family. I worked in the printing business, and Alisa attended school and participated In the usual childhood and teenage activities. She graduated in the top five percent of her high school class and was admitted to Vassar. When girls were admitted to Yale, she transferred for her last two years of college. She met Alan, and they fell In love. 'And so, here I am at their weddlng7in 25 years I went from the brink of death in a concentration camp to my daughter's wedding hi a Yale courtyard. God and America have been good
tome.'
. . .pronounce you, Alan and Alisa, husband and wife. The ; Lord bless you and keep you. The Lord make his face to shine upon you and be gracious'unto you. The Lord lift up his • countenance..?' _' i guess the Lord has blessed us,' thought Jamie, the best man. 'It's really a corny, senttmental.ldea but a true one. I don't think, my generation stops and thinks bow lucky we are. We set our sights on our future and we make It happen. Like Alan. I met him 10 years ago when I first dated his sister. He was only eleven then, but he knew he'd go to an Ivy League school and become a lawyer. And, he did it. In the fall hell be going to Yale Law School. Someday he might even be President of the United States. It's possible. 'My generation hasn't had to live through a depression, fight an all out war for our survival or contend with blatant antl, Wfi3ig.«gsfe*iaMg3sJgvsla Agarfe^ Ithlskwe s r e the culmination of three generations of drive and hard work. ,
• 'Tomorrow is ours today.' " . . . for the groom to break a glass in symbolic recognition of the fact that even In the moment of our supreme personal happiness we are not forgetful of the sorrows that have overtaken the house of Israel in the course of centuries." The rabbi put the wrapped wine glass on the ground'. Alan stamped; on the glass with his foot, and it broke with a loud popp-
i Ing noise.
. -•'.'<.
"Maiel Tov," murmured the guests.
\ April 1,1977
Aiffy you have^ a Happy Passover Season
MOBILE TELEPHONE,INC. 2902 HARNEY STREET OMAHA, NEBRASKA 68131 345-6400
Tim Jtwiith Pmi
April, rare
ssy nagogue «ictiv it ICM» Omafia BathB
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SERVICES: THURSDAY, M a n * SJ 6:30 a.m. Siyum B'cnorim (Ceremony for (be First Born) FRIDAY, April 1 8:15 p.m. SATURDAY,April2 Morning service 9:30 a.m. Shaarit service 10 a.m. PASSOVER SCHEDULE SATURDA^,AprO2 Mintha-maarivTp.nj. Flnt Seder SUNDAY, April 3 Morning service 9:30 a.m. Mincha-Maariv 6 p.m. SecondSeder6:30p.m. " MONDAY, April 4 Morning service 9:30 a.m. Mincha-Maariv 6:30 p.m. Conclusion of Passover FRIDAY, April 8 Serivce 6:30 p.m. No late service. Shabbat in the home. SATURDAY, April 9 Morning service 9:30 a.in. Shaharit service 10 a.m. Mincha-Maariv 7 p.m. SUNDAY. April 10 "-"' '-' Morning service and Yiskor 9:30 a.m. Mlncha- Maariv 7 p.m.
Omaha Beth Israel
Omaha Temple Israel SERVICES: FRlDAY.Aprill Services 8:15 p.m. -The fourth Sabbath Discussion Series on "Help you didn't know was there" will be led by Mary Buntz of Parent Assistance Line. SATURDAY, April 2 Morning service II a.m. PASSOVER SCHEDULE SATURDAY, April 2 Evening service 5 p.m. SUNDAY, April 3 Morning service 11 a.m. Congregational Seder 6 p.m. Ooncluslonof Passover Evening service 8:15 p.m. SATURDAY, April 9 Morning service 11 a.m. SCHOOL RECESS Saturday, April 2 and 9 Sunday, April 3 and 10 No Hebrew school MondayThursday, April 4-7 No Confirmation Class, Tuesday, April 5
Offcitt Air Base SERVICES; Services are conducted in the Capebart Chapel on the first and third Friday of each month, 7 p.m. and 7:30 p.m. respectively.' An Oneg Shabbat follows the service. • Services are conducted by Lt. Col Martin Victor.
SERVICES: FRIDAY, April I Evening Service 6:30 p.m. PASSOVER SCHEDULE SATURDAY, April 2 Evening servicefc<5p.m. • First Seder <in home) SUNDAY, April 3 . Morningservice8:45a.m. Eveningservice 6:45 p.m. Second Seder (in home) MONDAY, April 4 Morning service 8:45 a.m. Evening service 6:45 p.m. TUESDAY-THURSDAY, April 3T7 ,Evening service 6:45 p.m. - Conclusion of Passover FRIDAY, April 8 ; Evening services:© p.m. No late service SATURDAY, April 9 Morning service 8:45 a.m. Evening service 6:45 p.m. SUNDAY, April 10 Morning service 8:45 a.m.
PASSOVER SCHEDULE SATURDAY, April 2 A communal Seder will be held In the Capehart Chapel at 6:30 p.m.. Reservations are necessary".
DesMoines Temple B'nalJeshurun SERVICES:; FRIDAY, April 1 ; 'Evening service 8 p.m. PASSOVERSCHEDULE. SATURDAY. April 2
"Evening service 6:45 p.m.
JCC Passover Schedule Saturday."April 2
:
Building closes at a p.m.
Sunday, April 3
Buildingclosedaliday
Monday, April 4
.". Building opens at 7 p.m.
Saturday, April 9 Sunday, April 10
Building dosed all day . . ' . . , . . . . , . , Building closed all day
Monday, AprirU. TT. . Regularprogriauresumeli 6 km. * '
Candle Lighting Times and Prayers for the Passover Holiday. Saturday, April 2 Sunday, April 3 Friday, April I Saturday, April 9
7:11 p.m. 6:t3p.m. frUp.m. 7:S7p,m.
The {Mowing blessing is recited after'kindling the Festival Ughts: Bo-ruch ato adoooy, ek^bd-nu ma-tcch bo-dom, saber U d i t e b>l s . O t ^ CUT Csd,K!sgcf the usivens, « • » ! » • ( sanctified u» by Thy commandments, and instructed ut to kindle the Festival lights. The following blessing is recited on the first night only: Bo-ruch ato adoooy, do-hay-nu melech ho-olom, sbe-be-cbe-yoi l ' U ' h l l i h b Blessed are Thou, O Lord our God, King of the universe, who has granted us life, sustained us, and enabled us to reach this festive season. SILENT PRAVER Our Father In Heaven, as I kindle these festival lights to grace our Holiday table, I pray fervently that Thy spiritual light and peace abide in our family circle and home. May the spirit of holiness and true love reign within our hearts so that Thou wilt bless us. May the spirit of freedom which we are commemorating - always remind us of our responsibilities to keep freedom alive. May all whs are deprived of this privilege be granted the opportunity to become free and true children of God. —Amen. A Guide to a Meaningful and Enriching SederSerrice Passover is the most beautiful and dramatic of ail our holidays, and deserves special attention and effort. Make the Seder an outstanding observance in your home, provide Haggadahs for every member at the table and let the children participate fully hi the recitation of the Seder service. : Ptesach Is observed for eight days, from the 15th of Nlsan through toe 22nd of Nlsan. This year these dates correspond to Saturday evening, April 2 through Sunday, April 10. The Seder nights are Saturday and Sunday evenings, April 2 and J. THE MEANING AND PURPOSE b Of THE SEDER SERVICE Its Ssdsr service is celebrated ta the borne on the flrsl two nights of Passover. The Seder service is divided Into 14 sections. The Haggadah Is the name given to the special book containing the orderoftheservicefollowedatiheScdcr. ' The purpose of the Seder service is to symbolize and dramatize important features and lessons of the Exodus and redemption. In this manner, we re-enact each year the story of the first Passover, and re-emphasize the teaching of freedom for all men. THESEDEBTABLE The Seder table hi (he center of the Pesacb celebration. Upon it all the symbols of Pesach have been gathered, A large plate Is placed before a master of the house upon which are the following: 1. Three mstzo, covered. 2. A roasted meatbooe; on the upper right, as a remembrance of the time when our ancestors used toof fer a lamb sacrifice In honor tfJjbehoUday. 3.Arositedegg;cniiwBppCT!ci%ia»«gte55Sf55css,'{Jssi ditlonal festival offering used by our ancestors in celebration of thejoyousevenl. ' . 4. Horror (bltler herbs—horseradish, romaine lettuce leaves or any other bitter lasting foodI, placed hi the center, to remind us of the bitter shivery suffered by our people during their long stay in Egypt. 5.' Charoses, on the lower right. Charoses is a mixture of nuts, bo! of the mortar used for the making of bricks with which our ancestors built palaces and monument* for Pharoah 6. Karpas (celery, parsley or any vegetable) on the lower left, to' be dipped in salt-water during the Seder service, to denote the festive nature ofthc meal. : • A goblet of wine is placed bsJore. each person at the table. Everyone ar expectetrw drii Sederccrcmdny as j gg -The salt water is a symbol of the Red Sea through which our ancestors passed on their way from Egypt to Palestine. In honor of the prophet Elijah, an additional goblet of wine Is placed on the table. Elijah Is the symbol of peace and freedom ' which one day will reign throughout the world, To symbolize the coming of Elijah, the door is opened following the meal and all rise (o welcome him with (he words "Banich Habbah—Blessed is be whocomes;"
THereth Israel SERVICES: THURSDAY, March 31 -•Service cf theFirsi Bom 7:15a'.ih. FRlDAY.Aprill Evening service 8 p.m. ' SATURDAY, April 2 EarlyminyanBa.m. Shaharit 9:30 a.m. Jr. Congregation 10 a.m.
PASSOVERSCHEDULE SATURDAY, April 2 Mlncha Maariv 6:30p.m. First Seder 7:30 p.m. (in homes) SUNDAY, April 3 Early Minyan 8 a.m. Shaharit 9:30 a.m. Mlncha Maariv6:30p.m. Second Seder 7:30 p.m. (in homes) MONDAY, April 4 Early mlnyan 8a.m. Shaharit9:30a.m. Mincha Maariv 6:30 p.m. Condtttion of Passover FRIDAY.April8 Evening service 8 p.m. SATURDAY, April 9 Early mlnyan 8 a.m. Shaharif9:30a.m. Yiskor 10330 a.m. Mlncha Maarlv6:30p.m. SUNDAY, April 10 . Early mlnyan 8 a.m. Shaharit9:30a.m. Jr. Congregation 10 amMincha Maariv 6:30 p.m.
Uncoln B'naUeshimin SERVICES: FRlDAY.Aprill Service 8:15 p.m. Great Trials In Jewish History: The Excummlcation of Spinoza — Simma Stein. SATURDAY, April 2 Morning service 9:30 a.m. Teflllot No Shabbat School
PASSOVERSCHEDULE
Oas Moinea Children of Israel SERVICES: Regular mlnyan cervices Monday and Thursday 6:45 a.m. Saturday: . Morning Shabbat Service 9 a.m. at Iowa Jewish Home. Sunday: 9a.m. • Special Yahrzeit services. Everyone Is welcome. Mrs. Blber, secretary, 227-
SERVICES: Thursday, March 31 Fast ol the First Bom Rabbi will make, a Siyum. Servicesbegins af 6:40a.m. Search for chometz after .dark :
;
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"• .'
Friday. April 1 Burning of chometz, before 9:30 a.m. Morning service 7 a.m. Ev«ningservice6:30 p.m. Noiateservice Saturday, April 2 Morning «ervlc« 7 a.m. PASSOVERSCHEDULE Saturday, April 2 Evenlngservlce6:3Op.m. Sunday, April 3 Morning service 9 a.m. Evening service 6.-30 p.m. Second Seder Monday, April 4 Mornlng$ervlce9a.m. Evening service 6:30 p.m. Tuesday-Friday, April 5 4 Morning service 6:40 a.in. Evening service 6:30 p.m. Conclusion of Passover Friday, April 8 Evenlngservicc6:3Op.m. No late service Saturday, April 9 Morning service 9 a.m. Sunday, April id Morning service 9 a.m. Yiskor Evening service 6:30 p.m.
COUIIfjH Bluffs
SftTUHDAy, Apri 2 Sbabbat afternoon 6:15 p.m. Erev Pesach 6; 45 p.m. PASSOVER SCHEDULE SUNDAY, April 3 SUNDAY, April 3 Morning services 9:30 a.m.' Morning service* a.m. "To honor the Warsaw UprisMONDAY, April 4 ing" Morning service 9a.m. Afternoon service 6:45 p.m. L MONDAY, April 4 Morning services 9:30 a.m.
Conclusion otPtuaover FRIDAY, AprUS Eveningservice6:4Sp.ih. SATURDAY,ApriJ» . Morning service 9:30 a.m. Shabbat School TeiOlot, Afternoon service 6:45 p.m. SUNDAY, April 10 ' Morning service 9;30 a.m. ")n growing old - together"
.
FintSeder
Conclusion of Passover SATURDAY,AprU9 Morning service 9 a.m. SUNDAY, April 10 Morning service 9 a.m. p J lfia,m, L YlskorJ^morialLServjces will be conducted by Rabbi Barry Weinstein of Temple Israel, Omaha! During this service Memorial Plaques for the past y e a r will be dedicated. Ail other services will be conducted by Mr.- Sam Sacks,
m
April 1,1977
April 1,1977
i «W Jotaiii'gopi on their ouUngs.~"W« <th» family) o lovelhe outdoors together," orolalns Morrie. Helping
Scouts - A Dream Come
ttob^cgrep
By Jam* Fischer Larry and Uoyd went on from Explorer groups to become "It Is said that a family who plays together, stays together. Pro'. Eagle Scouts. It is an achievement that not many boys earn. of of such a statement can be found by observing the Morris Fourteen extra merit badges are required which involves a Roltsteln family who for 27 years has been active in scouting. great deal of time and dedication. But that dedication must 6e It all began In 1950, when Larry, eldest son of Ann and Morris matched with an adult's. Morrie worked right along with his Boitstein Joined the Cub Scouts with friends from Dundee sons. "Parents don't have the time nowadays", Morrie sugElementary School. Ann volunteered to be the den mother. Morgested. "But to watch your own child grow, learn to lave ris took over as leader in 1953 when Larry graduated to Boy himself, his family, his country (no other organization teaches Scout Troop 31. The following year, younger son Lioyd Joined tftc patriotism as well), the time is well worth it!" Cub Scout:, amt m began a family interest that has continued "Commitment to tfcs family, of course, is a tpslc tenet ol throughout the years. With Dad as their leader the boys moved Judaism," Morrle continued. Longtime members Of Beth El up the ranks of the organization. Synagogue, the boys also four.d Urns to be sdive la Raytm, an Today, Larry is the leader of Boy Scout Troop 31 which still AZA-type group of the late SOs and mid 60s. Bath Larry tad meets at First Presbyterian Church. Lloyd U a field director for Uoyd held offices In that group and both were named the the Mid-American Council of the Boy Scouts. Morris, who con"outstanding senior of Raylm." Lorraine was a member of Debtinued as a troop leader throughout the yean, is now chairman ka-Debs, a Jewish high school girls group, andUoyd was turned of a Scouting committee. Even daughter Lorraine who, with her Beau of Bohanue BBG in 1963. family, lives In Edwardaville, 111., is the leader of her daughters' The Jewish community of Omaha has generally never taken Girl Scout troops. What Is it about such an organization that can much of an interest in Scouting. There nave been periods o! sustain an entire family's Interest for so many years? From left to right, Lloyd, Monte, and Larry Roltsteln — Boy some interest. When the Roltsteln boys Joined Cub Scouts, many The Boy Scouts of America Organization is a total learning ex- Scouts. ' of their Jewish friends from the Dundee area also joined. perience. Requirements must be met before the boys can go on Severe! followed scouting torougn the Eagle Scout level Wtb to higher groups. Each troop works on ten specific areas (1) interested in perpetuating the ideals and culture of the the suggestion of Denlse Greenberg, Children's Department citizenship—city (2) citizenship—country (3) citizenship.— na- American and especially Midwest Indian tribes. Larry now director of the Jewish Community Center, a new JCC scout tion (4) communications (S) first aid (6) safety (7) emergency teaches a class on this subject. troop is being formed preparedness (8) environmental science (9) personal manageScouts learn fund raising techniques. Boys in a troop pay $2 Lloyd, as a field director is very excited about this project. ment and (10) personal fitness. This year a camping require- annually for registration. Dues are 20 cents a week. The troop "My Job Involves raising money, supervising professional ment is being added. buys patches and badges as they are earned. Dues do not cover trainers, manning camps and beginning new troops in the The Explorers group is the next level which encompasses boys many costs so each troop is responsible for earning some of its Midwest. To finally be abletowork with Jewish families and Inaged l«rl8. Larry described this level as career oriented. own money. Through paper and bottle drives among other ac- terest Uiem In thto organization is a dream come true for me." Besides the above mentioned categories, there are 109 other tivities, the boys earn money for their own needs. Lloyd stressed the tact that Boy Scouts ot America Is totally areas in which merit badges may be earned. The subjects range Camping has always been a special aspect of the Boy Scouts. non-denominational. However, weekend outings do begin on Frifrom exact sciences to business principles, cooking, health, The boys prepare themselves well, learning cooking, fire day, after school; Christmas gifts are made; and Christian sports and so on. Boys have made career choices from having building and hiking techniques. Some outings are planned for nolidaytraredlscussed. the opportunity to study so many fields. In order to earn a merit weekends, others are week-long. Fathers are Included In such "It Is this way supply because there have not been Jewish < badge a boy must pass certain tests of knowledge. He is passed activities. boystoappealto."Uoyd explained, "Just as troops will visit a • by a special counselor whom the leader finds to work individualMorrie explains, "the togetherness my family gained through church as a learning experience, so can Friday night services be • ly with each boy in each area. our trips has meant so muchtoall of us. Working and playing, attended. The Jewish holidays should be discussed and Lloyd told a story about a child who was petrified of water. woridng towards the same goals, Its a wonderful feeling for the celebrated." f Tbe boy <frercsffie his fears a&d!««jnedtoswimtritt the help of parent* and the children." Morrie is toe Camping Chairman One organizational meeting has been held, and hopefully this ! his Scoutmaster and friends. The tale was a heartwarming one now for the Conestoga area. new JCC troop will draw the Interest of many more families in j because the child was Uoyd himself. _ His committee which includes 33 boys and 21 adults works our community. It wm become part of the Center program and j Larry and Lloyd participated in the AHAMO Indian group. "almost as a social group." They find other adults to go on trips all meetings will be held there. 1 The boys learned traditional Indian dances which they perform- to make up for parents that cannot go. The committee has a Morrie encourages Jewish parents to become involved with % ed on many occasions. This group which was formed in 1952 is treasurer to take care of financial details. And Morrie, at the (Continued on Page 42) f
Best Wishes fora
C
Happy Passover
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RECIPE
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Dorothy Krlpke's • Toasted Tidbits
Jeanette Nadoff's Strawberry Ice Cream 2pinU*trawherrie» 1C sugar J egg white* 2Tlemon Juice Wash strawberries well. Hull, cut Into slices. Add sugar and lemon juice and let stand 15 minutes. Beat egg whites stiff. Fold berry mixture Into egg whites. Put in freezer. When partially frozen remove from freezer and beat until foamy. Place in individual cups or In an 8 Inch square pan. Freeze until firm. Serves 8-10
lCfarfeJ 2eggyolks 2 T Pesach shortening,
tttsalt dash of dehydrated garjlc or Onion or any preferred flavoring permitted for Pesach optional Rub together all Ingredients. Spread out In flat pan and bake stirring occasionally. Bake at 350 degrees until golden brown. These are excellent as soup nuts or for snacks.
By Rosalind S. Zunser M
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For a Jewish child growing up In a shteti of Eastern Europe, too young and too remote to sense the hostility of the surrounding peasantry, life could be happy. Two periods in the child's calendar were particularly joyous — the weeks of Passover and Hanukkah, when he was free from the cramped cheder and from the harassed Rebbe and his everlasting kantchlk (cat-o-ninelails). The week following the Sedortm - Chal-ha-Moed Pesach was a particularly happy one, for there were so many good morsels to savor. There was Matzah Brie, which he could have for breakfast, or he could Just spread some butter and potcheese on a matzah and put it in the oven to turn crisp, and above all, and for pure gustatory pleasure, he could Indulge in plump, Juicy, moist and honey dripping chrenulach. Here are recipes for both the matzah brie and the chremzlach. Try these on the kids, Including papa. MATZAH BRIE 3 eggs 3 matzah ft teaspoon salt 3 teaspoons water boiling water Pour boiling water over matzah and drain quickly. Beat three eggs well and add 3 teaspoons water and !4 teaspoon salt. Beat again, crumble the matzah. Into eggs and mix well. Heat thefat in a 9-inch skillet and turn the matzah mixture Into it. Pry until golden brown, turn pancake carefully and fry on the other side until golden brown. BOSTON STYLE CHREMZLACH BASIC RECIPE 8 egga (separated) 1V4 cups matzah meal 8 tablespoons water 3 tablespoons melted fat or oil •>» teaspoon salt Beat yolks well, add meal, water, melted fat. Bait and mix well. Fold In egg whites beaten stiff but not dry. Refrigerate about an hour. Make Into patties, spread with filling, cover each pattie with another one, flatten to make it round, brush a little fat on each chremsel and bake in a 400 degree over '4 hour, or until brown. Fillings V< teaspoon ginger H cups sour beets Mi cup chopped nuts V4 cup honey Jelly or fruit filling: Use drained and mashed stewed fruit or any Jam or Jelly. May use one cup preserves, W cup chopped nuts and bind with 2 tablespoons matzah meal.
Cindy Levin's Passover Matzah Kugel or Stuffing M stalks celery, diagonally sliced 2 onion, coarsely chopped Si-t4 lb. fresh mushrooms, sliced In a small amount of oil (safflower or cottonseed are preferred for Passover) saute the vegetables. They should remain crisp and not become brown. While vegetables are being sauteed, break up 6-8 matzah in approximately 1-2 inch squares. Pour over matzah l-l'/i C hot chicken broth or hot water seasoned with chicken bouillon mix. making sure alt the matzah is moistened Drain off excess liquid and reserve in case it is needed. Over high heat quickly toast the matzah in the same oil In which the vegetables were sauteed, first adding a little more oil if needed. In large mixing bowl beat 3-4 eggs (depending on size). Add matzah, vegtables and % - l T s a l t - to taste IT parsley, chopped I t nutmeg Preheat oven to 350 degrees. Pour oil to cover bottom of baking dish and heat in oven for a few minutes. Pour kugel mixture into hot baking dish and bake for >h hour or until sizzling and brown. Baking as a kugel will give a crisper texture; the larger the dish, the flatter and crisper the kugel. Used as a stuffing the recipe will be softer. Makes enough to stuff a large capon or small turkey. The portions of vegetables can be varied according to taste. Chopped nuts (except peanuts) may be added for variety.
2 lbs. cooked meat - any mixture U good, leftover or planned over roast, soupmeat, poultry 2 finely minced dill pickles l finely minced onion sstalks celery, sliced thin and on the diagonal *i C mayonnaise dllutedwUhzTdlllpickJeJuiceor vinegar Salt and freshly ground pepper-to taste Mix ingredients together and allow to marinate for several hours at least. Serve on platter lined with greens such as fresh spinach or lettuce. Trim with tomatoes, sliced dill pickles. Sliced hard boiled eggs, etc. We like this with potato salad made with the same dressing as the meat salad plus three cubed beets.
Hi Cnuta (almonds, walnut*, filberts) WC sugar 1 to 2 egg whites, unbeaten IVk C thick, hot Jam or preserves (raspberry, strawberry? apricot) Set oven at* 350 degrees. Grease a baking sheet well. Grate or grind nuts fine. Mix ground nuts with sugar. Add only enough egg white, a little at a time, to bind mixture together into a paste firm enough to be shaped. Form into a long roll Hi inches in diameter. Place on baking sheet. Using Index finger dipped in water, make a deep trench down the center of the roll. Bake 15 to 20 minutes, or until nut roll Is lightly browned. Meanwhile heat some Jam until It Is thick and boiling not. Immediately upon taking nut roll from oven, fill trench with hot jam Cool slightly. Loosen from cookie sheet. When cool, cut Into Vtnch diagonal slices.
CARROT TIMBALES ByNORMABARACH The Passover recipe for this week is from the Passover Cookbook of the Hannah Senesh Chapter of American Mlzrachi Women. If you are interested in obtaining the book, called "The Passover Pantry," send $4, which includes postage and handling, to Hannah Senesh Chapter, American Mlzrachi Women, c-o Minna Berger, 3018 W. Devon, Chicago, III 60645 3 cups raw carrots (grated) % cup matzah meal 2 eggs, slightly beaten Vi cup minced onion ltsp.salt 2tblsps. margarine (melted) or tat 1 can condensed clear chicken soup (undiluted) 2 tsp. minced parsley Combine all Ingredients. Mix well. Fill greased custard cups two-thirds full. Bake at 325 degrees for 45 minutes until firm. Loosen edge with knife and unmold. Serve hot Makes six.
Pictured clockwise from the top on Page 28 at left are: Jeanette Nadoff, Johanna Bromberg, Dorothy Ktipke, Jam Brooks, Clady Levin, Linda Welnsteln, Susan Rosenbaum is In the center.
Jane Brooks' Matzah Balls 2 matzah 2 Toil 2 eggs
Johanna Bromberg's Meat Salad
Susan Rosenbaum's Macaroon Jam Slices
It chopped parsley K chopped onion , 14 C matzah meal (approx.) iUait * t ginger t i t nutmeg Soak matzah In cold water. Squeeze dry. Heat oil, add onions and try golden brown. Add matzah seasoning, slightly beaten eggs and stir. Add matzah meal, enough to make a soft dough. I-et stand a few hours. Shape Into balls. Drop one into boiling water to test. If it boils apart, add more meal. This recipe can be doubled or more. It is excellent for stuffing — eliminate matzah meal and add celery, mushrooms, chestnuts, etc. as desired.
Linda Weinstein's Kibbutz Chocolate Matzah Torte 6 matzah 12 oz. chocolate chunk or bits V« lb. margarine
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^Cwine 1C sugar Chopped walnuts. Melt chocolate. Prepare a mixture In a saucepan of all dry Ingredients except walnuts. Add wine and margarine and chocolate until totally blended and saucelike. Adjustproportions so that mixture is like a frosting. Cool sllghti/ Layer the matzah with the mixture as you would a torte. Cover the whole torte (top and sides) with the mixture as well. Add walnuts to top and sides. ' Let torte sit for at least one hour before cutting. This recipe comes from relatives who live on Kibbutz Tel Yoset near Mt.Gllboa. "; \ •
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The Fifth Question
Aliya — A Myth or a Must for American Jews? Mcasjdtoparswadetnmi totate immediate organi steps tontmtolsraeL Towardthlse«d,totrataspeakmtliatvmbeseottoan parto of the country into every local Jewish community. TUB distribution of literature which will emphasize this theme and include facts and arguments fonreming the riwpfnmg American crises, the dangerous effects they will have on the Jew and the manifestations of those dangers in the tana of esSsiisg ss&Jsrish groups, as wefl
BySUfraHsttmaa
I doubt that there "breathes a Jew with soul so dead" who will not Instantly recognize an integral part of the Seder Service - known as'Tbe Four Questions" which are asked eacn year dur-. ing thetesUvalri Jewish freedom. In honoring numerous speaking engagements tor SHUVA, however, ! have discovered a "Fifth Question" with which American Jews seem to strongly identify; and I quote: "if ai| Jews went to live in Israel, wbo would support Israel and fight for Jewish rights here?" . ' -At first glance this may appear to be a most pragmatic and * valid reason for remaining In the Galut (Exile). After all "Jewish Influence" in this country Is no small matter. Anyone doubting this need only contact Gen. George Brown or Spin Agnew (two of the most compelling reasons for Jews to seriously consider going home to their own land! > The sad reality, however, is that not all Jews support Israel and not even a sizeable fraction of the six millioQ American Jews are making aliya (going to live in the Jewish State), In the following paragraphs detailing SHUVA's ralson d'etre, its aims and purposes and how it differs from other allya movements, I hope to touch upon what I believe are the basic reasons for this fact. Along with many other innovative and necessary actions initiated on behalf of our people, the concept of SHUVA originated with Rabbi Melr Kahane, founder of the Jewish Defense League, who repeatedly has urged American Jews to return to Israel because of worsening conditions that have given rise to antiSemitism and as a logical response to the need for relocation of Jews from continuously eroding neighborhoods. Under the banner of HABAYATA (Return Home), a founding meeting was convened in May, 1972 at the McAlpin Hotel, attended by over 500 delegates from all parts of the U.S., at which the following program was adopted: This was to be a non-political, national organization of American Jews whose purpose was to create a machtitpry for the mass return of American Jewry to their homeland; to begin immediately to act upon each of the following resolutionsoutlinedberewUh: An immediate urgent drive in every Jewish community to convince Jews of the gravity and reality of the titua-
Erincafmg Jews toward g » positive i&Mga far tiring fa Israel; I.e. the normalcy of a Jewish people in a Jewish State with their own culture. Hie concentration, particularly on campaigns fa urban areas when social and economic conditions have worsened to a point where Jewi are seriously willing to consider aliya. , Placing specific emphasis on the religious obligation of observant Jews to return to Eretz Ylsroel; propagandizing in religious institutions and neighborhoods. Sftdrins cut local and private Investors wbo would create employment by investing in industries, factories, etc. and working in conjunction with the Israeli government (specifically the Aliya Department of the Jewish Agency) to channel potential dim where they would be of mutual benefit for both Israel and toe new Immigrant. Although each of the above-mentioned points as well as others (outlined In "Time to go Home", Nash Publishers, 1975) were, and are, essential to the success of what was then called Habayata and later became SHUVA, the Initial enthusiasm shown at the conference did not gain momentum due to the lack of financial follow-through for the purchase of land. Another set-back was the fact that Rabbi Kahane was not permitted to return to the United States until June, 1974. With bis arrival that year, there was an immediate reorganization of the JDL and several of its subsidiary groups. Plans were formulated {or the establishment of Garinlm (settlements) based on religto-nationallstic principles espoused by SHUVA, and stressing the need for group allya as a means of successful absorption. Together with a "shaJlacn" (emissary from the Jewish Agency's Allya department), my predecessor, Chert Feldman, began interviewing potential olim who had become aware of our organization through articles in the press and literature
, as well a . througUa* mails, mi wi«od«fredtoOTl«ratetoIsraellnthenearfuture. Shortly thereafter, upon assuming the position of executive director, 1 organized, in conjunction with the Allya Department of Ota Jewish Agency, a pilot tour for SHUVA members to development towns such as Yamit, Sefad, Cirmlel and Kiryat Arba, areas which the government of Israel would like to populate and for which many benefits are available. . Upon our return, an article I wrote describing our trip and reiterating the need for American Jews to seriously consider allya now, not only for the sake of Israel but as the only real solution for the preservation of Jewry as well as Judaism, was featured In several Anglo-Jewish publications. This publicity, as well as material given to audiences In synagogues, hotels and organizations at speaking engagements, have created an on-going interest in SHUVA, which also acts as liaison for those wishing to make aliya before the establishment of our own Garin or with afioilier group. Recently. 39 members of the JDL have announced their decision to settle in Kiryat Ar ba in order to support the flourishing development and assert the right of Jews to settle anywhere in their own land. When the American Jew will begin to understand that what happened during the 1930s could happen again-that our urgent message "Go Home. Jew, With Pride and Dignity While You Still Can" to what makes SHUVA different from all other Tnuot Aliya (Allya movements), then, and only then will there be a meaningful rise In emigration and return to toe Jewish homeland.
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April 1,1977
French Jews Play A Major Role In Economic, Cultural Sectors A recent survey carried out on behalf of the Council of Jewish Representative Organizations revealed that over 700,000 Jews now live In France with over half this number In the Paris area. This figure also indicates that Prance's Jews represent nearly 1.5 percent of the country's overall population and play a major role in several important economic and cultural sectors. The survey, carried out by S.O.F.R.E.S.. one of France's foremost public research institutes, reveals that Jews staff key post* in the banking and financial world, operate or run Important retail businesses and contribute professors, doctors and lawyers to the professional classes. ' For many French Jewish sociologists the Jewish community here has entered into Its "Golden Era" with many second, or often first-generation Jews, playing major roles In the country's activities. Among the Jews born abroad, generally In North Africa, now occupying central roles are economist Jacques Attali who also serves as Socialist leader Francois Mitterrand's main advisor, writer Jacques Meml, and politician Nicole Chouraqul.
France has a long tradition of liberalism and lack of prejudice in its political life. Since the end of World War II, a Black, GastonMonnervllle, has served as Senate President and three Jews, Leon Blum, Pierre MendesFrance and Rene Meyer, as Prime Ministers. In recent years this tendency has further grown.
Several hundred Jewish candidates are running for election In the forthcoming nation-wide municipal races. Three Jews are members of the French government: Minister of Health Simone Veil (described by recent public opinion polls as the most popular political personality In the country), Secretary of State for Labor Lionel Stoleru, a practicing Jew who respects Kashrut rules, and the Secretary of State for Overseas Possessions Olivier Stlrn, who is one of French President Valery Glscard d'Bstaing's closest confidantes and has Just created the first Qlscardlan political party with the President's support and blessing. The two men are both In their thirties and were promoted to Cabinet rank after the government reshuffle last summer.
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More and more Jews fill important political posts, mainly, however, within the ranks of die Socialist Party and by a strange paradox within the Communist Party, too, The Communist Party's contender for Mayor of Paris Is Henri Fiszbin, the son of Polish-Jewish immigrants. Some IS percent of the Communist municipal fflnrildatps In Paris have Jewish names and many are the offspring of community active Jewish families. A lack of Interest In Jewish communal affairs marks not only the Jewish Communists but seems symptomatic of an entire new Jewish generation in France. French Jewish leaders are usually in their sixties and few Jewish organizations have managed to attract younger, professionally highly successful Jews or those coming from the country's Intellectual community, or top universities.
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The young, professionally successful and Intellectual Jew rarely, If ever, maintains a connection with the organized community which relies for support on the smalt businessman or the older family doctor, druggist and lawyer. This lack of attraction was also reflected In the serious drop In Income suffered by the French United Jewish Appeal last year. The total sums raised dropped by some 20 percent. Even more serious Is the fact that the number of donors dropped by nearly 25 percent.
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April 1,1877
Freedom As A Jewish Preoccupation By Rabbi Jonathan Roeenbaum Pesach has always been a popular holiday with Jews of all types. In spite of the work involved in preparing for the spr-, ingtime Festival of Freedom, one constantly hears people remark that Pesach is a favorite with them and their families. Though the precision with which observant Jews prepare for this holiday is well known, one is often struck by Passover's popularity among the irreligious. The secular'Kibbutznik who may ignore other Jewish rituals including the High Holy days themselves will happily participate in a Seder which recalls the past and present freedom of his people. % Famous Jews whose commitment to their religion is questionable, also seeiiu to trS attracted tS PSS29VST. 55gKHlB«! FlWKl, whose Jewish identity was minimal and who wrote several books which attempted to debunk religion In general, wa» raised in a home where the only significant Jewish observance was the holiday of Passover. While Freud never espoused a commitment to Jewish religious practice, be did consider himself as a Zionist. This feeling of commitment may well have been molded by his parent's Seder observance with its emphasis on Jewish freedom and homeland. ' The link between Jewish freedom and a Jewish state which Freud teems to have drawn is unavoidable, but the almost universal Joy with which Jews of every stripe observe the
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Festival of Passover is more difficult to explain. What is the allure of this holiday? The answer may lie in the fact that Passover has become synonymous with freedom and that freedom is a Jewish preoccupation. Freedom has penetrated the very marrow of Judaism and is a constant theme, both in Jewish religion and history. Passover is generally considered the Festival of Freedom. Actually, several other Jewish observances throughout the year are also directly related to the achievement or abrogation of liberty. The minor but Joyous day of Purim, which precedes Passover by a month, not only commemorates the victory ol the Jews over Hainan, but also celebrates the achievement of Jewish religious freedom in a foreign land. Hainan's dedication to the destruction of the Jews rests upon Mordecal's unwillingness to commit the ldolltrous act of bowing to a human being. Mordecal's commitment to his religious freedom outweighs his fear of retribution even when his life is at stake. The traditional date for the events which Purim commemorates would fall sometime in the middle of the fifth century BCE. At that time, the Land of Israel seems to have been a semi-autonomous province of the Persian Empire. This political situation lasted until the coming of Alexander the Great in 332 BCE. According to legend, the Macedonian hero was greeted with warmth and respect by the Jewish community. His
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military genius was already well known, but W wllitagnew to allow his subjects to practice freely their ancient rites maoahta a hero In Jewish eyes. The name "Alexander" remains a Jewish name to the present day, because of the ancient Creek leader's sensitivity to his subjects' religious commitments. Unfortunately, Alexander died as a young man in 323 BCE and* his kingdom was divided up into three parts, each assigned to one of his generals. For more than 100 years after his death, the Land of Israel waa ruled by the Egyptian Greek dynasty founded by Alexander's general Ptolemy. Ptolemy's descendenU continued the religious policies which Alexander had begun. However, i s SCO BCE, the Ptolemies were defeated by tbeir rivals, the Syrian-Greek Seleudds who would soon produce a king whose conuultjncnt to rcligisqs freedom was far l e u secure. In 168 (or possibly 167) BCE, Antiochus IV instituted a policy which was aimed at unifying his kingdom by requiring his diverse subjects to accept Greek Paganism. This policy was. accepted by most peoples within the Seleodd Empire with the exception ol the Jews. Despite the fact that Jews had been under foreign domination since the fall of the Temple in 588 BCE, the spark of rebellion was ignited only by a threat to religious freedom. The Maccabean Revolt which rose In answer to the Syrian abrogation of freedom, ultimately led to a victory which forced the Syrians to grant Jewish political and religious independence. The observances of Hanukkib annually commemorates this renewal of freedom. These facts show that Purin and Hanukkah must be considered "festivals of freedom" together with Passover. Yet the Jewish preoccupation with freedom does not stop here. Other Jewish observances are dedicated to remembering the loss of Jewish religious rights. Beginning with the destruction of the First Temple in 588 BCE, Jews have added solemn and sad days to their calendar. Tlsh'a B'av (the Ninth of Av) Is the day on which Babylonians destroyed the Temple in Jerusalem and on which the Romans repeated this tragedy In 70 CE. (See below). Traditionally, this day Is one of lamenting and weeping and is observed with the same solemnity which a Jew otherwise reserves of the mourning of a close relative. Fasting, sitting on low stools, and the reading of the Book of Lamentations and Psalms accompany the recounting of the loss of religious freedom which happened so long ago. If the Exodus from Egypt marked the beginning of Israel as a people, then the destruction of the Temple with its resulting abrogation ol religious freedom signified the nadir of Jewish history. Just as Jewish holidays are preoccupied with the achievement of freedom, the Jewish calendar is also dotted with reminders ol the failures of freedom to thrive. The Ninth of Av does not constitute the only day of sadness devoted to-the loss of liberty. Within the Jewish year there are three minor last days which betray the Jewish preoccupation with the, destruction of freedom. According to tradition, the Babylonian siege of JersuaJero began on the 10th day of the month of Tevet of 586 BCE. The capture of Jerusalem itself took place on the 17th of Tammuz and the final destruction ol the Temple occurred three weeks later on the Ninth of Av. Almost immediately after the destruction of Jerusalem and the Temple, the Babylonians appointed a former member of the Royal Court of Judah to be the Governor of their new province. This man, Gedaliah by name, was dedicated to the rebuilding of the conquered land and to the protection of (he Jews. Tragically, be was murdered by zealots shortly after being appointed governor, the day of his death, together wlUrthe 10th of Tivet and the 17th of Tammuz are observed today as minor fast days by observant Jews. , If this calendrical commitment to the attainment or loss of freedom seems to be an aspect ol the distant past, we must note that the Jewish preoccupation with freedom has not abated. In the past 30 years, several new observances have been added to the Jewish Calendar, and they too glisten with the theme of freedom. ^Most notable, is Yom Ha-atsma'ut, the happy occasion on which the State of Israel regained its Independence for the first time in almost 1900 years. Since 1967, an additional day has been observed to commemorate the freeing of Jerusalem from foreign domination. This day, known as Yom Yerushalayim (the Day of Jerusalem), is observed with great happiness throughout the Jewish world. As tragic balance to these days of newly acquired ireedoui, Jews hsvs s!so introduces! tfce cfcserysBCS «f V«m HaSbo'ah (Holocaust Day). This remembrance of the tragic loss of the freedom and the lives of six million Jews between 1939 and 1945, once again attests to the Jewish preoccupation with liberty. , • .....:.. .... .; . If the emphasis oa freedom as a theme of ancient and modern obsession with liberty, he need only examine the basic prayers of Jewish life to see this titeme repeated on a dally basis. The traditional Morning Service (Shaharf t) begins with a series ol Blessings of the Dawn which acknowledge G-d's bestowal of many gifts upon Israel. Among those blessings is the phrase "Praise be Thou. . who hasnot made me slave." (In the most popular edition of the Conservative Prayer Book the blessing reads "who has made me a
April 1,1977
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(Continued from Page 32) , of Jewish freedom. Though (he Exodus from Egypt Is officially commemorated by tbe Festival of Passover, the famous Song of the Sea (Exodus, Chapter 15) which Moses tang after G-d't destruction of the Egyptians Is a basic part of every morning service] In addition, a whole series of paragraphs In the Amldah, the Jewish prayer par excellence,,are devoted to requests for G-d to grant religious freedom: "Sound the great Shofar for bur freedom aqd raise up a banner to gather our exiles and gather u« together from the four corners of the e a r t b . . . "Restore our judges as they were in the past and our advisors as at tbe beginning (In the Land of Israel j and take from us pain and suffering and rule over u s . , . "See our suffering and plead our case and redeem us quickly for the sake of your name, for You are the mighty Redeemer.. t.
These paragraphs, together with others referring to the renewal of Jerusalem and the coming of the Messianic descendent of David all reiterate the obsession with freedom In the dally prayers of the Jew. It Is not surprising that the Jewish Interest in freedom should be so devoted or so fanatical, In addition to holidays and prayers, Jewish history and literature describe an ongoing tale of the achievement and loss of freedom. The Hebrew Bible chronicles the rise of the Jewish people, their enslavement in Egypt, and their freedom in the Promised Land. Jewish law Is bound to the preservation of personal as well as communal liberty. The First Commandment Identified G-d Himself by the fact that he has freed Israel. ("I am the Lord, your G-d, who brought you out of the land of Egypt, out Of the house of bondage." Exodus 20:2) The Ten Commandments are immediately followed by a series of laws limiting Jewish servitude. ("When you acquire a Hebrew slave, he shall serve you six years; in (he seventh year he shall be freed, without payment." Exodus 21:2) This desire to be free can also be traced through later Jewish history. We have already cited the success of the Maccabees, but Jewish freedom was not always attained so easily. From the time of the Maccabean victory (165 BCE) until the Roman establishment of Herod the Great upon the throne of Judea (37 BCE), Jews enjoyed religious autonomy. With the rise of Herod, Jews gradually began to lose most of their religious rights. Roman control of the Temple and its accompanying religious service together with the Roman support of non-Jewish Greco-Syrian elements within the Land of Israel ultimately led to rebellion. In 66CE, Jews rose against the entire Roman Empire. Though the Romans at first regarded the rebellion as a local and minor affair, it took six years and two of Rome's best generals to put down the Jewish uprising. The victory was so costly that at its conclusion, the Romans constructed the Arch of Titus (named to/tbe Roman general who conquered Jerusalem) to commemorate their conquest of the Jews. This is quite surprising, when one realizes that Roman arch was generally constructed only after a Roman army had achieved victory against overwhelming odds. Tbe odds were not overwhelming in Judea, the Roman Army was superior in weaponry and manpower, and yet, the cost was so great that the Arch of Titus stands in Rome today to testify to tbe bitterness of the rtruggle. Considering the massive destruction of property and loss of life which this revolt engendered, It Is amazing that Jews In the Diaspora were able to wage another uprising against Rome just SO years later (US through 117 CE.) This revolt also failed, but again at great costs to Romans as well as Jews. Even more startling is historical truth that another major rebellion in the land of Israel occurred just two generations after the first. Between 132 and 135 CE, the Jews of the Land of Israel attempted to regain their freedom under the leadership of Simon Bar Kochba. Bar Kochba had been proclaimed the Messiah by the great Talmudic teacher, Rabbi Akiba, and sorely threatened the Roman Army for three years.
Passover Greetings
i When Bar Kochba was finally crushed, Rome devastated '• Judea, destroying town after town and razed Jerusalem, making It a Roman city renamed Aeliaf Capitolina. Further, tbe Roman government barred all Jews from entering Jerusalem's environs. The fighting was so vicious and so frustrating to the Romans that the Roman historian Dio Cassius wrote tbe following description: . "But of the Romans, too, many fell in this war; so many that Hadrian (the Emperor of this period), in his despatch to tbe Senate refrained from using tbe customary Introductory phrase; "I trust you and your children are well; I and my troops are well t" (Oio Casilus Ub UOX). From that time until the modern period, Jews have been drawn to countries which haye allowed them the opportunity for religious freedom. Throughout the Middle ages, the wandering Jew moved from country to country choosing the place where the promise of freedom seemed brightest. More than economic or social opportunity, tbe change for religious liberty seems to have been tbe Jews' main concern. Under the Muslim conquerors of the Near East and Spain, Jewish culture and learning prospered because of the relative freedom tbe Jew enjoyed. When the Christians recaptured Spain from tbe Muslims, and, hi 1492, gave tbe Jews the "choice" of conversion, emigration or death, most chose emigration. Between 1290 and 1900, similar expulsions from England, and France as well as from many parts of Germany and Eastern Europe marked Jewish history. In almost every instance, Jews
Th« Jewish Prw
could have achieved their social and economic goals in exchange for sacrificing their religion. Time after time, however, they chose instead to search for yet another land ot potential freedom. • To the Jew, the great attraction of America was the opportunity to enjoy full religious freedom. Between 1882 and 1924, millions of Jews left Europe for the shores of the United States with the sole hope of attaining the right to live as Jews. Once here, some Jewish Immigrants were so impressed with freedom, that Judaism itself seemed to be of secondary importance. Most however considered the American Constitution a foundation on which to build. Socio-religious surveys of the present day attest to this fact. At a time when American universities are generally reducing their faculties, numerous new chairs in Judaica are now being established. Jewish day schools in America are enjoying a dramatic increase in strength while Jewish cultural, social and religious institutions are growing. Such statistics show that freedom is more than a peripheral Jewish Interest, It is a preoccupation, perhaps an obsession. Jewish holidays, prayers, laws, and history reinforce tbe fact that freedom is a theme which constantly Influences the personal thoughts and communal psyche of the Jew. The Festival ot Pesacb is but the brightest strand in this fabric of Jewish life, and It is for this reason that Pesach seems to possess an allure for every Jew.
Xm V(37 THV
Salt Wa»«f
SETTING THE SEDER TABLE
On the seder table, before the head of the house, three matzot, specially baked for seder use, are put on a large plate and covered with a cloth. On a tray or seder plate nearby, set these things in the position shown: 1. Z'ROA — the roasted shank bone of a chicken, symbol of the paschal lamb that was roasted and eaten on the seder night In Temple days. 2. BETZAH - an egg, hard-boiled and roasted, to symbolize the festive seder meal in Jerusalem of old, provided by another lamb slaughtered in thcTcn-.p!c. 3. MAROR — bitter herbs, horseradish or (preferably) romaine lettuce (whose roots are bitter) to denote tbe bitter suffering of the Hebrews. 4. HAROSET — chopped apple and nuts and
perhaps pomegranate, mixed with cinnamon and wine to symbolize the mortar and clay with which the Hebrews did their grueling work. 5. KARPAS— parsley, -celery, or any vegetable, to be dipped In salt water and eaten at ease. 6. HAZERET — ground horseradish or romaine lettuce, to be eaten with matzah in a sandwich later in the seder. 7. SALTWATER — to dip the karpas into (see 5). Some put the salt water dish on the seder plate. A complete selection ot Passover foods is available at Hlnky Dinky. Also large farmfresh eggs, tbe finest fruits and vegetables, klcbel, macaroons, and candies for your sweet holiday.
Happy Passover
Pyft
Th»J—M>Pm»
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April, 1977 .
"The Many F^ces and Freedoms of Passover By David Lazarus What is Passover? Is it a rite that is rehearsed solely by the Jewish People once every spring, at the 15th of Nissan? Is it an annually invoked remembrance of our People's going forth from Egyptian bondage, an event that happened 3,500 years ago? We are told, as we commence the Seder service, that each one of us is to think of the Exodus from Egyptian slavery as though we, ourselves, were present there. X myself, went out with Moses and the Children of Israel. Out from slavery to freedom. But Pesach has many faces, because freedom has. many faces. Freedom «! worship, freedom of conscience, political, social and economic freedoms, which also are important. Each time an adult gives into UM> hands of a child a good book to read, each tune a parent plants a new idea that will alert and arouse the mind if a child, that, too, Is a going forth from mental slavery, into the. light of intellectual freedom. Pesach gives rise to a flood if many ideas, of phalanxes of parallel and intermingling rivers of thought, rivers that ill run toward the one total Dcean that is our Creator. Let ne tell you about some of the deas... Beneath the oak tree that rtood in proud majesty at the ar end of my back yard lay
the largesse of acorns dropped from the outstretched fingers of the mighty tree. Through the branches, and upon the ground below, scampered a scurry of squirrels, delighted with this cornucopia of acorns upon which they would feed and grow fat against the coming winter. Gorging hugely upon the numberless acorns, frequently the squirrels would be stirred by ancient instincts, and holding first one, then another and another of the acorns, they would search about for a promising spot on the lawn, or near the fence, there to dig small holes, into which they would nose the acorns, and then they would cover them over with earth. Later, when there would be snow and cold, and a squirrel felt hungry, he would return, and search for the acorns much like a hog scents out truffles, to dig them up for his dinner. Thus spoke the programmed instincts deep within the squirrel. Later, when the snows did come, I would watch and see the furry little fellows making search, and (requently unearthing an acorn to eat. • . But it also happened that some of the acorns he wouldn't find, some of them would be so deep under the snow, or the ground would be frozen so hard, that toe sharp little daw* couldn't dig out the acorn. And thus some were
Do the people of Israel in loosely knit tribes who followleft, to be cracked by the cold was an acorn? Does the man frost, permitting the acorn remember truly when he was this year 5737 truly rem- ed Moshe Rabbenu out from (Continued on Page 35) ember when we were the seed within to germinate and aboy? sprout in the springtime. And these sprouts would grow up into new trees. And I thought, does the tiny acorn that is implanted in the womb of the earth know that it is an acorn? And if it knows that it is an acorn, does it also know that it may become an oak tree? Does the child know the adult it may one day become? And I-thought, does the adult always remember the child it once was? Do the People of Israel today remember that they were once Israelite tribes who followed Mosbe out from Egypt? Each of us carries more-orless vague, more-or-less sharply focused, memories of our own childhood, but who among us retains the same views and set of values held all through life, even from our beginnings? Being a seed, an acorn, a fetus, an infant, an adolescent, a new-born nation, surely these stages have to be the most difficult of all a lifetime. Growing up isn't always e a s y . Witnessing the' miraculous metamorphoses of our own bodies and minds and feelings must require enormous adjustments and compromises, continuing winnowing of ideas, selection of principles... I wonder — does the oak tree remember when it
best wishes for a healthy, happy passover
HAPPY PASSOVER to the JEWISH COMMUNITY
Ralston noddie development co. Home of Your "Buddy in the Bank" joe kirshenbautn jay lerner * :
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84th &L
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FDIC
April 1,1877
The J M M I Prats
ManyTaees an d Bfeedoms^rPassover
(Continued fnanPseeM) the' obscenities and harshnesses, the degradations and slavery of Egypt and the Egyptian mind? Did the acorn know that It would one day become an oak tree, and did the boy know what kind of man be would grow to, and did the B'nai Ylsrael know what kind of Nation it would become? " What is Passover? Perhaps Pesach was to the Jewish people what the custom of Bar Mltzvah is to today's adolescent A milestone In the Initial preparation for life. But too often the incident of Bar Mltzvah is viewed as the termination of study of Judaism, rather than a springboard for reaching higher into it. The 13 year old of our time looks upon the Bar or Bat Mltzvah celebration as being a terminus. It should be considered as a foyer, an entranceway, the admission gate preliminary to vast and wonderful and Important delicious discoveries. It our religious calendar would have begun with Pesach, and not followed with Shavuot, Pesach' would have had little more than a physical meaning, a release of a prisoner from his crushing cell. The Israelites would have exchanged the harshness of the Egyptian Pharaoh for the harshness of the desert — either one could as easily suck the life out of a man, or a people. Pesach Is the preparation
for Shavuot, and the things that Shavuot brought. Pesacb was the betrothal, the engagement; Shavuot was the wedding. Would you put your life Into the bands of a surgeon who had been trained only until be was 13? Would you trust an attorney to handle your legal affairs who had studied law only until be was 13? Would you employ someone to balance your business books, provide you with financial statements If his training In accounting had ended when be was 13? When a child reaches age 13, and Is trained up to that point, he Is inducted as a Bar Mltzvah, and he receives gifts In commemoration of that milestone. But it Is later In his life, when he has amassed m a n y s t r e n g t h s , and knowledge that we begin to require from him that he be capable of mature thinking, mature speech, and mature action. P e s a c h c a m e to the Israelites as a gift, a gift of physical freedom from the Egyptian tyrants. Moshe took us, a mixed multitude, up and out and away from Egypt's abominations. Yes, we were a mixed multitude, and perhaps also mixed up in our ideas of what Freedom was all about. And mixed up as to what the Hebrew Faith was to be. Seven weeks later, at the foot of Horeb, we were to commence to learn. Seven weeks
later, In the plain before Mt. Sinai was to be our coming of age. beyond the Bar Hitzvah of the earlier Pesach. Pesach was for the child, and we subtly remember this when we permit the youngest at the table to ask the Four Questions. Pesach implies preparation, nn act of getting ready, an expression of an Intent to shape the mind and the heart. Pesacb means the eating of matzah, and the rejection of certain other foods; not because the others have suddenly become harmful or poisonous, but that they are symbols of another life. We reject chametz, and embrace matzah as we reject the hedonism of self-indulgence and embrace the Ideal of self-* discipline. Pesacb is freedom, the freedom of choice. The freedom to choose the higher, the better, the finer, the holier. But even as we waited for Moshe our Teacher to bring to us the Decalogue, enough of us sbowed-that we were still immature, and incapable of exercising self-discipline. And In our childish petulance we demanded a visible deity, a golden calf. Moses bad left his brother Aaron and his nephew Hur hi charge of us while he ascended the Mount. When he demanded that they make for us a golden calf to worship, Hur sought to restrain us, so we killed him. Aaron, playing for time, ac-
Spirit World
ceded to our demand, and went along wltli It. Restraint for a truly free people must come from within their own hearts, not from the hands of a dictatorial governor. Restraint from within is a sign of dignity and maturity — restraint from outside is a leash, and the mark of a slave. And Pesach was the doorway through which we had gone, ostensibly from slavery Into freedom. What is Pesach? Pesach Is Light. There is a bright and cheery light Inside a house, and that house stands alone, surrounded by a deep and dark forest, hi the middle of a moonless night If we open the door or the windows of that bouse, light will shine out through the openings into the surrounding darkness. But the darkness does not "shine" Into the house. Darkness and slavery do not give — they only take. Light and freedom do not take — they give. The light of Intelligence and sociability, of progress and political enlightenment, of economic development, which glow and shine In the Western Democratic countries, that light has much to give to the rest of the world which huddles and cowers under the tyranny of the Communist Russians and Chinese, et al. The darkness of oppression, of quicksand bureaucracy, of human exploitation, of forced
- enslavement of citizens in hidden, s e c r e t Gulag Archipelagos, or in Imprisoning "mental institutions", this darkness is not dissimilar from the concentration camps of the bestial Nazis, such darkness has nothing to offer nor to give to the Democratic West. Judaism is my freedom certificate, my passport from the boundaries of paganism, redemption from the shackles of savagery; Beneath the slopes of Horeb's smoking mount, where God spoke from out the great cloud, Moshe gave to me great proclamation, emancipating me, and ail humanity; Moshe took us forth from physical bondage, redeemed In Paschal Joy from Egypt's fetters, not Hebrews alone — we went forth a mixed multitude, for all mankind was meant to spurn Imprisonment, to fear no terror by night, nor arrow by day; the rider and his horse that still pursued were imagined memories of base enslavement; Released from bondage to the fears and fleshpots, we followed Moshe to receive Your Torah and to betroth with You our generations; at Horeb was proclaimed
our Constitution and to It we committed «ur posterity, ' we bound our total future In that present; > A man is made a prisoner by others, but he becomes a slave of his own volition; the body may be held by force, restricted, but spirit is not captured, it surrenders; The inner dimensions of soul have more importance than outer measurements of. his body, a tall man, unconfined, can reach eight feet high, the prisoner's free spirit reaches God; chained, entombed, embargoed in his movement, coerced within the cage that does arrest him, and even while his body Is restrained, his spirit, bound to God, remains free; a slave may move with ease about the city, his acceptance of captivity is his jail; before he lets a master pierce his ear and fasten him with awl. against the doorpost, we know that first he pierces his own heart, he is the hostage of his soul's•<• manacles; a man Is made a prisoner by others, his slavery results from his permission.'
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April t, 1877
Carol Siegman: Organizer By Muriel Herrog LINCOLN — Carol Siegman, staff associate and "citizen . organizer" for the Lincoln Alliance deals with freedom and * social Justice daily. Her role is to ask questions and facilitate other leaders in assessing problems and effective community action. A cardinal rule applied to every issue the Alliance takes action on is that it be specific: "in specificity you can more easily take action." Carol's role is to help define questions and find answers to problems, but "not necessarily to provide answers for the persons who are working on the problems themselves." f The Lincoln AUisr.ce is a coalition of neighborhood, community, and religious organizations formed to work on cilywlde Issues. Its Inception came out of a parent organization called Impact, in 1974, of which Carol Siegman was chairperson. The Alliance came into being officially at a constitutional convention In June, 1976, with 450 delegates from 27 organizations represented. •* Carol's son Adam, 11, helped in the mechanics of the convention as messenger boy and general helper, and has attended City Council meetings which she sees as useful to him because he saw citizens expressing themselves on important problems. Her own background "comes out of just the same experience of a citizen who had concern about issues and problems during these last 10 years I've lived in Lincoln. Hie Affiance is a way people can organize themselves to achieve more power and more knowledge." Prior to coming to Lincoln, Carol did research for a social psychologist at Northwestern in Evanston. She has taught introductory sociology courses at the University of Nebraska and in 1967-1968, served on the local and state Board of the League of Women Voters. She sees her experience at the League as good for the access it gave her to knowledge and Information, especially during the late 60s when the national leadership of the League was "willing to do some risk-taking on Important national legislation affecting open housing and equal opportunity." Local League studies gave Carol familiarity with attitudes prevalent in Lincoln on housing and discrimination, the political process in Lincoln, and the way problems were dealt with here. "I began to see the limitations to a single organization working on larger problems and saw the need for a coalition of some -kind." • According to Carol, "political decision makers in Lincoln are fairly readily accessible to the citizen. You can call them up on the phone; you can get an appointment; and you can see them. But this accessibility does not mean the problems are dealt with or solved. The access is there but the readiness to see the bigger
problems and deal with them takes more than a phone call. If you create toe proper vehicle, you can find answers to political freedom. I don't think political freedom is Just handedtoyou." She identifies her concern for social justice with being a Jew, with having "grandparents and a father who were not born in this country, but in Russia. 1 see a link in the stories I heard when I was growing up during World War II and specifically from my grandfather's Inability to communicate with his kin, his own brother in Russia, because his letters/vere censored. "He was cut off from his family because of oppression of poor Russian Jews. I come out of all that. And I can see the link and the thread for what 1 am doing today and what I was part of as a child." *, So that what she does now seems directly related to 3 Jewish heritage and the struggle of Jews for freedom. "The whole issue of freedom becomes an issue when people feel powerless. So when I (eel any of those things, I can range anywhere from angry over specifics to tremendously energetic with a lot of drive to deal with the human essentials: the dignity of being free and having the powertoa c t " Unlike the Russia of her grandparents and other places where oppressive social pressures affect the quality of people's lives, Carol observes that "Lincoln tends to look at Itself as a middlecisss cssununity, and middle-clS** people, as such, have their own kinds of problems." ' Among them, she cites climbing utility rates, housing, and the quality of education. Again, these specific problems, wben taken in the context of the Alliance, are cltywlde and affect people in Clinton and Malone as well as in Southest Lincoln. The middleclass community, unlike the poor or minorities, has its own difficulties defining and expressing issues. "We tend to grapple In Lincoln with 'Well, is this such a bad place after all?' VVe always tend to compare It to other cities, and when we do that we tend to downgrade the gut-level Issues people are feeling." But Carol stresses that "we are all taxpayers and we come together on those issues of where our dollars are spent." If change is to occur, "It can only take place when you have some degree of equality between those who seek change and those who have the power." Although Carol Insists that social issues be dealt with in terms of specifics, she does not see her own work in the specific context of her being a woman or a feminist, "Because of the community issues I am involved In, I haven't been primarily involved In the women's movement and, to be (Continued on Page 42)
"I began to see the limitations to • tingle organization working cm larger problems and taw the need for •coalition of some kind."
"The Whole tsiue of freedom become* an issue
when people are powerless."
"I guess who I «m as a woman Is a balancing act
. . . for the girl who wears a little "class" with her "cute"
fora
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Betty Levitov
"Change Doesn't Frighten Me By Muriel Henog making yourself desirable to men; laughing LINCOLN - Betty Levitov is intense and at their jokes, enduring the boredom. I could energetic and humorous when she talks about wear what I wanted. I could say what I the kinds of choices she's made as a woman wanted." and as a Jewish person. When we talked, she Betty sees her expanding freedom during approached tiie subject of freedom from a the early years of her marriage as having personal and at times an intimate point of been threatening to Peter who, fresh out of view, talking openly about her feelings — law school, was having second thoughts about about who she is — and in relation to her huslaw as a life's choice. She describes his havband, Peter. We moved quickly from one subing to deal with her, the "raging virago," and ject to another with no particular plan, beginthe changes she went through during this exning from her life with her parents and her citing but difficult period. early marriage, up to the present time, to her She quickly adds that It was not only that role as student-mother-wife-teacher, and then particular time that was difficult for her and Jumping back to the past. -Peter: "our marriage is under constant readLike many women, Betty Levitov made justment all the time. I'm sure I'll be married decisions to leave home and get married forever. I'm not sure I'll be married at all. because of social pressures. Within tradiYou're constantly making adjustments in a tional Jewish expectations of families for marriage and you decide on your priorities. thrtr daughters, It was okay to leave home if You grow together. You put a priority on stayyou were going to graduate school and it was Ing together. But then, your priorities might unquestioned when she decided to get mar{Change. Your values might change." And ried that the wedding would be traditional, in ithen the marriage situation might change. a synagogue, with two hundred guests, with One of the most striking qualities Betty Betty wearing a white dress. From the vanLevitov possesses is her willingness to accept tage of today, she says that "the ceremony change and growth as part of the process of itself was one we were more or less acting living, from day to day. "That's the story of out, an expected ritual. The only thing we marriage. Do any two people ever get to the decided on was the music. We had a black same place at the same time? I don't think so. musician. That was the most radical decision Two people are almost never in the same we made." Despite these expectations and place at the same time. It's an unrealistic exher unquestioning acceptance of decisions at pectation to think that they will be. What is the time, Betty remains very positive about frightening is our terribly distorted expectaher marriage. tions prior to marriage." Change is often frightening to some people, but not for Betty; "It,has freed me up more than anything I "Change doesn't frighten me. You can change have ever done. For some women, it is a conand still keep a relationship." One has the fining, exploitative, self-limiting experience. sense with Betty that change for her is active . . . But the one thing Peter did for me was that he accepted me totally and that total a c - _ _ and dynamic and exciting. ceptance really freed me. For the first time I Unlike many women whom she believes are could be myself. I didn't have to act out a lot victimized from many directions, she doesn't of roles my parents had forced on me: being feel that pressure within her marriage. At the submissive and accepting; the old thing about same time, she does see herself as a victim of
Betty and Peter Levitov—otfer a non-traditional view of family and religion. the multiple roles she performs as student, mother, wife, and teacher. "And I'm kind of doing a half job of everything, in some ways. I feel victimized in that I don't have enough control. I can't move without making Infinite arrangements. Every minute of freedom I have is arranged. In order to do my hour of yoga a day, you don't know how many things I have to arrange." Nevertheless, there Is no blame or whining to Betty's complex commitments to her family, her marriage, and her work. "I've gotten myself into all these 'bags' and there's nothing I want to let goof now."She observes that Peter does not feel this victimization and be participates equally with Betty in the nurturing within their family. They have a daughter, Karen, who Is eight and who grew up in Lincoln (she is the "family zealot" and It was primarily for her sake that the Levltovs have joined the South Street Temple and there Is Daniel, who is three, and is in a daycare center momingsandseveral afternoons a week.
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Peter is coordinator of the office of International Educational Services at the University of Nebraska, having given up his career in law. In 1969, Karen (who was then an infant), Peter, and Betty, went to Liberia, West Africa as lay volunteers with the Society of African Missions teaching at a teacher's college and a high school, experiencing the newness and excitement of an exotic and stimulating environment. Unlike their life now, the Levltovs had a lot of free time. Then "we had time to play bridge, of all things. I had time to Just read and read. I had no domestic ehores. It was a good time.'' Under their present arrangement, Peter cares for the children entirely during the evenings while Betty works and studies at home. She cares for them mornings, gettingthem olf to school. This physical arrangement works now for Betty and Peter, but in terms of (heir marriage, she says, "We work constantly to make adjustments, week to week, day to day." (Continued on Page 43)
P»g»3B
albert
M d ta fey * • C « ~ ~ i n — fc> Etecl M A . Afcsrt Major. t 2 K J I I : John ShanMy oral Jon« lyndi. dialrpvnons.
Wishes You a
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Military Families Overcome Problems
FOR MAYOR
Political Adv«rti»»m»nt
err?
ThtJawfahPraa
~ By EJtea GonJnian To many military families the freedom in America to practice Judaism is not taken lightly because of the challenges they encounter in trying to be practicing Jews. Many times stationed on a base with only a few Jewish* families and often at the same time isolated by miles from the nearest established Jewish community, the military families make an extra effort to keep their Judaism alive. The stories military people tell about the struggle to retain a Jewish identity are often unique, not experienced by most of the Jewish civilian population. But at the same time, although the families may live In different circumstances they share the same hopes, dreams and feelings as non-military families. Same desires "Military families are no different from civilian families. We want the same things for our families," said Elaine Finn who with her husband, Colonel Joe Finn, raised two boys while living on numerous bases around the country. While stationed at Altus Air Force Base in Oklahoma they had to drive 65
miles to Lawton to find a. rabbi: But for Elaine who grew up in Fergus Falls, NJ3., the driving long distances for a rabbi was not unusual because the nearest rabbi lived in Fargo. For the Finns the weekly trips to Lawton to take their boys to Sunday School'were Important. "We wanted to give our children some basis for religion," said Elaine. "When you want to give your children an exposure to Judaism the effort is worthwhile." World Traveler! Judy Fleiscbmann and her husband Major Gerald Fleischmann, along with their four children, have been all over the world and have had many varied experiences in the search to maintain their Jewish identity. While s t a t i o n e d a t Karamursel Air Station in Turkey, Gerald was the lay leader of the Jewish community. The rabbi came once every three months from Ankara which was about 200 miles away. When their first child, Phillip, was born there were difficulties in arranging a bris. Wherever the Fleischmanns
settled they seaiched out the synagogues and visited. Their affiliation with Temple Israel in Omaha is the first time they have joined a synagogue. "We wanted to affiliate because the children are getting older," said Judy. We want our boys to be Bar Mitzvah but don't think we can teach them. We wanted them to be a part of a congregation and gotoSunday school." Services In Saigon While Gerald was stationed In Viet Nam, he continued to practice Judaism as best he could u n d e r t h e circumstances. "Where I was stationed near Saigon we bad services every Friday night. The rabbi came once a month. For Passover and the High Holidays the trocps out is the field came down to Saigon to celebrate. We had kosher dinners supplied by the Jewish Welfare Board. The dinners were quite decent and It was like a touch of civilization. For Passover we had a Seder." "I've been around the world and lived in some out of the way places, but I think there are Jewish experiences all around you. Sometimes it's hard to find them, but they are there If you go out to find
them."
everything she can to keep the Keeps Faith Jewish faith. Regan WBHam-l. Ton! Williamson, whose hus- son is retired and works on the band is not Jewish, does (Continued on Page 40)
Matzah-Makers These children at a JWB-affilleted Jewish Community Center are Inspecting the finished product of their efforts at making matzah for Passover. JWB and Us affiliated JCCs and Ys encourage persons of ail ages to become Involved in creative Jewish experiences. , -\p
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April 1,1977
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(Continued from Page 38) kosher meat. When we were special effort," said Karen, base in a civilian capacity. stationed at Grand Forks I "if we don'l make the extra efDuring the years the William- had it shipped in from fort we don't think that our children will get an exposure sons lived on different bases, Philadelphia." Toni made special efforts to be In 1975 the Shapiros had a to Judaism." ' The Shapiros belong to Beth a practicing Jew. Jewish exchange' student from "My husband celebrates Brazil stay with them for six Israel Synagogue where they with me. When we were sta- months. The girl was schedul- attend services on Saturday tioned in Oklahoma he drove ed to stay with another family morning as a family. Their me long distances to thebut a last minute change of children Linda, six, and Edward, eight, attend the synagogue. When we were sta ; plans took place. tioned in Alaska for three "If we hadn't been Jewish religious school. "We have found the' comyears we had a different situa- and been in the military this tion. The rabbi was on the never would have happened. munity here very warm," said base and the Jewish people The women in charge of the Karen. "Most communities from the city Joined us for International Cultural Ex- have made us feel welcome it holidays and Friday nights. hchange knew we were Jewish we have gone out and shown Isolated Families so she asked us to take the stu- them that we want to be part of the community." Some military families feel dent. isolated being away from It was a fantastic exNo obstacles centers of Jewish population. perience for us. Later when I Lt. Karl Plotkin and his Others such as Karen and ' was visiting in Florida I had wife, Gail, have lived in many Mike Shapiro have been for- dinner with girl's granddifferent places both In the tunate-to live on bases that parents who happened to be United States and around the had active and warm com- there at the same time." world. In their experiences . munities, although small in One result of being in the they have not found undue numbers. military Is the Shapiros' obstacles to practicing "When I married Mike and stronger commitment to Judaism. movedtoGrand Forks, N.D., I Judaism. Both Major Shapiro "When we were stationed on was adopted by at least six and bis wife were raised In Okinawa at Kadena Air Force w o m e n who w e r e my Newton, Mass., a suburb of Base there was a fantastic substitute grandmothers. I Boston that has a large Jewish. Jewish community. We had didn't feel isolated at Grand population. They lived in a about SO active families and a Forks or when we were at Jewish environment and rabbi. When we were at the Warren Air Force Base near didn't have to make special efAir Force Academy, Rabbi Cheyenne, Wyo. There are forts to maintain their identiHellman who had been at quite active Jewish com- ty- . Kadena and named our son munities in both places. The "Because we are in, the -was there too." only problem was getting military we are making a
Military Seder Jewish chaplain presents giftto"Champion Aflkomen Finder" at Passover Seder held for Jewish military families in Japan. At VS. bases throughout the world, Jewish military families will gather at Passover Seders "supplied with religious materials, Haggadot and kosher food shipped by JWB's Commission on Jewish Chaplaincy and Women's Organizations' Services. The Jewish chaplain, Marvin Labinger, has since been transferred to a base In Madrid, Spain.
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April 1,1977
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The Roitsteins:
(Continued from Page26) their children In Scouting. "I was born in Russia where there Is (Continued frees Page 36) no freedom to Join clubs such as AZA or the Boy Scouts. ! honest with you, I see the issue of women's liberation more as treasure the opportunity. 1 had here to grow with my boys and human liberation. So I've put my energies into the Lincoln other boys," he said. Morrie Roitstein has been given the Award of Merit, which is Alliance which has given many women the chance to achieve the highest award given on the district level; and the Silver leadership." With regard to her being a woman, Carol voices the same con- Beaver, the highest Council award. Last year Morrie was cerns that many women do who try to combine work, family, presented with the Shofar Award for Service given by the Naand community life. "I guess who I am as a woman is a balanc- UonalJewish Committee on Scouting: He was the first Jewish man in Omaha to receive that honor. ing act of being the mother, the wife, the worker, and the But he speaks with the most pride of his "Ner Tamld" medal citizen." She further reflects that "who I am as a person and what I do which Is by a synagogue. Larry explained that this is the hardest with most of the hours in the day seem to be the most important medal of all to earn, and that there are no other known recithings in my life i.. therale*4iiatl assume and consider impor- pients In this area. Father is just as proud of the sons. "Lloyd developed his tant, and the way in which I deal with and struggle with those leadership potential through the Boy Scouts, and found a career roles are the ways in which I am a woman today." Carol Siegman is a fine blend of sensibility, tough intelligence, leading the organization." "Larry," he continued, "finds time from his Job at VYOWT to lead Troop 31 to be one of the strongest and the ability to make decisions and act. troops In the area. He will win the District Award of Merit soon," added Morrie. A word of praise must be added for wives Ann, Betty bulent region may enrich the (Larry's) and Debbie (Lloyd's) who encourage, respect, and (Continued from Page 18) The time is long overdue for lives of their people through honor their husbands' dedication to the Boy Scouts, t h e love and Jerusalem and Israel to bask mutual understanding, honest devotion of the Roitstefn family is so obviously great that It has in the glow of a peaceful era, friendship and finally, a per- allowed them the freedom to open their hearts to children for so many years. so that all the nations in a tur- manent peace.
Reunited Jerusalem
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"~ " '(Continued from Page 37) Given the complexity of her life and the roles ihe juggles, it was not surprising tor me to hear her say: "The thing I long for is more freedom." put when I asked her what shewould do,1 If she could do anything she pleased, and have "more freedom," she shook her bead, saying that it was an impossible question. "I don't know, maybe I'd go off into the mountains to a hermitage and read and do yoga. Now there's very little time even to daydream." Betty paints and draws in addition to yoga and meditation and the completion of a doctorate degree in English at the University. She's on the Board of the Malone Center Head Start Policy Committee. She was staff awls-, tant on a large number of publications during the past five years, working with Paul Olson and the Study Commission on educational reform. In addition, she edited a book on licensing for the Commission. She wrote the chapters in Broken Hoops and Plains People on Jews and Italians in Nebraska, and edited three other chapters on minorities in Nebraska. Betty was interested In telling me about the living situation she grew up in. Her parents and their two best friends lived next door to each other and moved twice, together, retaining a large extended family unit with nine children. "It was really like a Kibbutz. We were all Jewish." The relationships she form1 ed there, have been lasting and were close, but these relationships were also prototypes for l.iK-l nllf-.
"What I really like to do Is make close relationships, but I like to be free In them." The Levitovs met another couple in Africa, the BowmanSj who were from Nebraska. Upon returning to the States In 1969, they decided to create their own extended family—Bowmans
and Levitovs—, bought a house (the house where the Levitovs live now), and lived togetherforthree years until Jim Bowman's job took him to .western Nebraska. The two families had children together, by design, helping each other through the early months of their children's infancy, nursing each other's children, sharing household duties, and creating close, lasting bonds and commitments. Of that time, Betty says, "We were freer because we were less tied down. We could take care of each other's kids, we divided up the household chores. I think I had more privacy because I could leave the house when I wanted to. I like the extended family. I think it works well for women" It's healthy for children." Betty tevitov's Jewish Identity Is strong yet highly individualistic. She considers herself Jewish: "I couldn't consider myself anything else," but It has little to do with formal Judaism, services, sermons ("I find them hopelessly moralizing"),'and other Temple activities. She likes modem Hebrew and she and Peter would have gone to Israel for six months if accommodations for families had been possible then. She feels a "cultural kinship" with other Jews and enjoys the friends she had made and brought to (he Temple. Of this "cultural kinship," "there's something accepted. There's some kind of shibboleth, a password people use. They'll talk to you in a free way. Anything that facilitates relating to people is good." She feels closer spiritually to Taoism, yoga, and meditation, however, than to Judaism: "And there's nothing Jewish about meditating and certainly nothing Jewish about the full Lotus!" Betty Levitov has made decisions many people Would not even dare to consider. The description she gave me of her life was full of rich wit, fearless honesty, and a good measure of wisdom.
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Jewish QuizBox Families: (CoaUoued from Page 20) •tingle state "forever." Prof. Bubis advances the. tbougbt that there is no one kind of Jewish family. There are, he says, various' types of Jewish fSicilies, whose Jewish hues range far beyond the pale of white to the richest of Jewish coloration'regardless of denominational persuasion. He suggests an approach as to how affected Jewish families Can best be served by the American Jewish community, through its constituent agencies.
QUESTION: Why is the Kiddush on the Sabbath specifically recited at the table where one eats? ANSWER: One of the medieval commentaries (Ra&hbam, Pesahim 101A) traced this to a passage in the Bible which proclaims "Ye Shall Call the Sabbath a Delight" (Isaiah 5a: 13) meaning that wherever there is a delight (e.g., a meal) the Sabbath should be announced as a feature of this delight. This is done by reciting the Kiddush. Generally, it is the recitation of the Kiddush which converts a meal into a higher level of experlecce where it might otherwise simply be a mere physical activity. QUESTION: Why Is the tradition of counting the days and weeks between the Passover and Shevuout Festivals known by thenameof'Omer"? ANSWER: The word "Omer refers to the sheaf of barley which was offered on the first- night after the first day of Passover. It was exactly at this time that the count began and
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the count Is always reckoned from the day the barley offering was made in the ancient temple. It is, therefore, referred to as the counting of the "Omer" which really meant to say that it is the count which began when the "Omer" was offered.
ANSWER: Since the "Omer" is net offered today, because we have no temple, there is a feeling of regret. Thus, the Jew prays that some day the temple will be restored end the "Omer" will be of feredagain. Such is Ufe case alter the recitation of the main body of prayer (Shmoneli Esreh) since the prayer was originally offered accompanying the sacrifice in the temple.
Passover Greetings and
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QUESTION: Why is it that after counting the "Omer" a brief prayer Is made asking for the restoration of the ancient temple in Jerusalem?
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Passover Greetings
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Missionary Groups Spend Millions To Christianize Jewish Students By Boris Smolar (Editor-ln-chlef emeritus, J.T.A.) (Jewish Telegraphic Agency, Inc.) Millions of dollars are now being spent by missionary groups on an intensified campaign to win Jewish youths of high school and college age to Christianity. Contrary to conversion methods used by missionaries years ago, the proselytizing organizations of today are using "modern" methods. They don't preach giving up Jewishness. On toe contrary, they urge maintaining Jewish religious traditions. All they ask from the Jewish youngsters is to be "futt Jews" — to "complement" their Jewishness with the belief that Messiah will bring permanent peace to the world, and that the Messiah is none other than Jesus. They concentrate their efforts primarily on teenagers and on confused campus students who seek new human values. However, they are also out to reach Jewish adolescents who have no Jewish knowledge and can therefore be influenced easily by misinformation. Some of the, missionary organizations conduct their campaigns openly under the slogan "Jews for Jesus," but others camouflage their operations by carrying Hebrew-sounding names.'
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One such group sells itself under the name "B'nal Yeshua"
("The Children of Yeshua"), speculating obviously on the fact that many Jews do not know that the original Hebrew name of Jesus was Yeshua. Another group changed its name from "Hebrew Christian Alliance" to the Jewish-sounding name "Messianic Jewish Alliance." There is even a missionary organization carrying the name "Friends of Israel." It is strongly pro-Israel in its publication, csndemss openly the Vailed Nations for its anti-Israel resolutions, and advocates the retention of Jerusalem as the capital of the Jewish State. "Messianic Synagogues" Some of the missionary organizations do not call their prayerhouses "churches"; they call them "Beth Messiah Synagogues." Their members conduct services with Jewish prayer books, carry "yannulkes," pray in taleism (Jewish prayer-shawls) and even in tefllin. The "Messianic Synagogues" are decorated with Hebrew artifacts, maintain Bar Mltzvah classes and kindergartens. They conduct emotionally-impressive "Havdalah" ceremonies on Saturday evenings with Hebrew songs, attracting literally hundreds of Jewish youngsters who never witnessed an Havdalah ceremony either in a synagogue or in their homes. , . A number of missionary organizations arrange free trips to , (ContlnuedonPage47) >••
132nd «dC«rter
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OVTHDK JayKenyon However, none of the interested Jewish groups has succeeded I like the swtngset. I run (Continued from P a g e « ) so far to establish from where the huge funds for the intensified around a tot. I play in my Israel for Jewish youngsters, bousing them In missionary in- missionary work comes. sandbox, r ride my bike. I go stitutions there during the visit. Missionary groups also send "The American Board of Missions to Jews" which claims to down to the park. I play on the their members to participate — under an Israeli flag — in pro- maintain branches in the larger cities in the VS., has now playground. We have trips Israel street demonstrations. revealed in a report that Its budget reaches f?,O00,000 a year. It outside. I play with my toys This gives them the opportunity to develop closer contact with abstained, however, from indicating the names of Its con- outside. My brother plays with Jewish youngsters. In Washington, D.C. a local Beth Messiah tributors. me, too. We go to parades. We Synagogue even raised $7000 for Israel; a check for this amount The B'nai Yeshua group has during the last five months spent play cowboys. In the summer was made out to the name of the State of Israel for presentation over $800,000 to purchase and renovate a former school building we go swimming. in Jerusalem to the government of Israel. in Stony Brook, Long Island, an adjacent residence and 12 acres The latest move by some missionary organizations is the of land to build a dormitory for students. , SPIDERMAN establishment of "coffee-houses" open to Jewish youths and Flans for a massive multi-million dollar drive are now being Jason Perelman adolescents. "Friendly chats" and entertainment are part of the mapped by missionary groups In Long Island alone where Spiderman throws webs at program in these "coffee-houses," where propaganda is done in 600,000 Jews reside, constituting the third largest Jewish compeople. He climbs up walls. He a very subtle manner in an atmosphere of friendship. munity in the United States. The growth of the number of these "coffee-houses," and the Jewish organizations are now beginning to pay more attention can run. He can Jump, Jump, growing popularity of the missionary Havdalah ceremonies are to the need for counteracting the ambitious attempts of the mis- jump all the time. now provoking great concern by many Jewish parents, local sionary organizations to "capture" the Jewishly-uneducated Jewish community leaders, rabbis and national Jewish Jewish youth through all kinds of tricks. organizations. Leading in the counteraction programs is the Board of Jewish ';' Jewish Monitoring: Education of Greater New York. The BJE has established a . The National Jewish Community Relations Advisory Council special "Priority One" project — headed by its editor Gershon FOR MAYOR — jvnich Is composed of representatives of major national Winkler — to actively help the Jewish community in combatting Political Adv«rtl»«m»n1 Paid lor by t h * Commit*** lo Elect Mlk* Jewish bodies and of about 100 local Jewish community councils the missionary efforts. Alb*rt Mayor, «BO 1II.; John thonxy and ion* lynch, chalrpoMM*. SWIMMING AmyZoob We practice our strokes. We do backfloats.
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plied, by France when Israel requested his extradition. Ms. Rapoport delineates a number of additional'principles of International law violated by France. Although the French court rules that Jan. 7. Israel Immediately re- were crimes when they were quested the French to detain committed, the procedures Israel had no jurisdiction in the prisoner pending extradi- - delineated in the treaty for ex- the case because the murder tion proceedings, and West traditing persons to and from of the Olympic athletes did not Germany also requested ex- the signatory nations were ful- take place on its territory, the author declares that the tradition. However, a French ly applicable to the case." "protective" principle of Incwirt, wiiuin a matter of days, ternational law permits a released the prisoner and he European Convention was allowed to leave the counAside from the French- state to try criminals, intry on a flight to Algeria. Israeli extradition treaty, the cluding aliens, for crimes Ms. Rapoport points out in author states, France was also committed outside that state's her article that the French a signatory to the European territory, If those crimes are decision violated the French- Convention on the Suppression "against the security, terIsraeli extradition treaty. of Terrorism, worked out by ritorial Integrity, or political, Contrary to the French claim the Council of Europe and independence of the state." She adds that the Munich that the treaty had not become adopted unanimously on Nov. effective until 1975 - after the 10, 1976. Ms. Rapoport massacres can be seen as a Munich massacre had oc- declares that Articles 1 and ,2 crime against all three of curred — the author declares of the convention, which In- these conditions, since Abu that "not only did the extradi- clude among the offenses Daoud's organization, Al tion treaty go into effect in covered by the document at- Fatah, "Is dedicated to the 1971, but Article 23 of the trea- tacks against the life of inter- destruction of Israel." Furty expressly states that its nationally protected persons thermore, the author writes, provisions, apply even to and "other serious acts of another principle of internacrimes committed prior to its violence against persons," are tional law, the "passivecoming into force. germane to the Abu Daoud p e r s o n a l i t y " principle, "allows a state to exercise Since the acts hi question case and shduld have been ap-
International Lawyer Says France Violated Treaty NEW YORK - A specialist . in international law has charg. ed that France's recent release of the Palestinian terrorist Abu Daoud, who is suspected of having masterminded the kilting of 11 Israeli athletes at the 1972 Olympic games !n Munich, was a gross • violation o( France's responsibilities both under its extradition treaty with Israel and under International law. • Sandra E. Rapoport, an attorney In the American Jewish Committee's legal division, writing In the March issue of Commentary magazine, declares that "the release of Abu Daoud . . . was a monumental breach of France's legal obligation to the sovereign state of Israel and West Germany." Abu Daoud, a leader of Al Fatah, was arrested in Paris when he arrived there last
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vention on the Suppression of Terrorism and under the principle of international law providing jurisdiction otf«r "pirates," those who are recognized as the common enemies of all mankind. On all these, counts, Ms. Rapoport concludes, France was derelict In carrying out its international legal obligations. When put to a test "between minimum courage and maximum cowardice," she charges, "France failed."
Russian Jews celebrate the Sabbath at home.
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criminal Jurisdiction over an alien lithe tatter's victim was a citizen o( the requesting , state." On the basis of these principles of International law, Ms. Rapoport a r g u e s , "Israel's jurisdiction over Abu Daoud would seem to be irrefutably established." Even if France had decided not to extradite Abu Daoud, Ms. Rapoport continues, It had an obligation to try the accused Itself - both under the Con-
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Interview With Friends
<•; By Sylvia Telpner COUNCIL BLUFFS - Interview two or three friends Easy when I was able to sit in front of my typewriter — I decided to give the gals a break — husbands were told to stay hope and have fun doing the dishes. My first was a telephone chat with Bea-Mrs. Jerome — (Jerry) KaU. Bea and Jerry have lived in Council Bluffs 15 years — coming originally from Boston. The Jewish background which led Bea into her present endeavor stems from her happy marriage to Jerry Katz who is a John Hancock .life Insurance representative in Council Bluffs. Recently there has been a great change in Bea, in her work for the people In Israel. Bea feels a great freedom In /working with the Jewish people and is very interested in working with the Jewish Community hi Council Bluffs. At present Bea is secretary of the board of directors of United Way in Council Bluffs, secretary of the Jewish Welfare Association, treasurer of Council Bluffs chapter of Hadassah.
Working with both Jewish and gentile organizations has been very easy for Bea. Respected and loved by Jews and gentiles, she feels very much at home in their company. Her hobbies are golf, bowling, bridge, and learning to p r e p a r e Y i d d i s h dishes— cabbage' roll* and knlshes—to make husband Jerry well fed and contented. Bea has found happiness and tranquility in her life as a convert to Judaism.
Edith was brought up in an orthodox home. She spoke of her grandmother, Mariasha, who wore sackcloth and ashes to the synagogue on the holiest days; and when she removed her sheltel, immediately covered her head with a scarf. Mariasha's greatest pleasure was to give to the synagogue and other Jewish charities any extra money she might save.
Edith's roots are deep in Jewish tradition. Her late mother, Rose, and her father, Last Sunday was a good Sam Bubb, were Involved in day. Edith JKrasne and Sarah activities in B'nal Israel In Sacks dropped in, this made Council Bluffs, and Hadassah my day. They brought me all organizations "and from them kinds of goodies—we talked Edith learned the Joy of workabout many things. We ing for the Jewish people and her brethren In Israel. discussed worldly affairs. She has been president of I asked Edith how she would compare the freedom in the Council Bluffs chapter of United States with terrorist Hadassah, president of the countries. Edith said she had Sisterhood of the synagogue, nothing to compare with since and chairman of the Women's she had always known division of U.J.A. She has also freedom. She said she would worked on the Hadassah yearhate to live her life In a coun- book. Edith and husband, try where she feared to walk Lloyd Krasne, have three the streets, afraid .to chat with married children and two a neighbor, afraid to enter a grandchildren. Edith said she Synagogue, or be bound by the is most happy helping peoples knowledge that someone was who cannot help themselves — e s p e c i a l l y those made watching and spying on her.
helpless by their-governments in the-Iron Curtain countries. Now, I turn my attention to Sarah Sacks. Sarah was brought up in the Orthodox faith. Her late father, Mr. Somit, sold religious articles to the Jewish people of Omaha. As a child, I remember going with my father up the stairs to the Somlt home on 25th and Decatur Street when my father wanted to purchase prayer books, As a youngster,' I stood in awe of Mr. Somit. I was charmed by this beautiful white bearded man and asked my father, "Is this God?" 1 have never forgotten this beautiful, pious man, Sarah is married to Sam Sacks of Council Bluffs who is the highly respected religious chairman of the B'nal Israel Synagogue. Sam is also chair* man of the United Jewish Appeal and has worked for the non-Jewish as well as the Jewish community of Council Bluffs and surrounding areas. Sarah is a life member of Hadassah and Mizrachi. For 15 years she has been financial secretary of Hadassah. She was also chairman of the Hadassah yearbook. The Sacks are most interested In their families in Europe, Argentina, Israel, and in the United States. In aiding family members, they
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Mrs. Sylvia Telpner have brought Mr. Sack's niece. Luba Tapalatsky, her husband Mark, daughter, Rala, and son Sammy from Russia to the Omaha area. In the short period since they came to the United States, Sammy not only learned English but Hebrew as well, that he might have his Bar Mitzvah at Beth Israel Synagogue. Rala is a student at U.N.O. and will soon start Nurses training at Methodist Hospital In Omaha. Luba Is a
surgical nurse a Jennie Edmundson hospital in Council Bluffs while Mark works at Commercial Optical In Omaha. The Sacks have been gratified to see the changes in the lives of their niece and family. No longer are they filled with fear that as Jews they are being spied on by Russian police. Sarah and Sam are a blessing not only to their own families but to all others that their lives touch who have longed to live as free people.
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The Jewah Prim
Conversation with an Educator: Dr. Herbert Garfinkle By Gloria Wagner Or. Herbert Garfinkle and bis wife Evelyn arrived in Omaha nearly four years ago to accept the position as Provost and Vice Chancellor for Academic Affairs at the University of Nebraska at Omaha. In the past few months he has taken over the work and the title of Interim Chancellor while Dr. Ronald Roskens has gone to Lincoln as President of all of the University of Nebraska campuses. So how did this erudite man come to be one of the few Jewish college administrators in this country? Both of the Garfinkles were born and raised In New York City. "I came from a large, poor family. We married while we were both young and I went to work as a furrier. I was sent to Minnesota for a year oo business, wbJch gave me an opportunity to sense a different world." Upon completion of military duty in World War II the Gar-
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finkies settled in Chicago while he earned a Bachelor's degree, then a Master's, and finally a Doctorate In Political Science at the University of Chicago. . Evelyn had, during her husband's army years completed her undergraduate work at Cooper Union in New York. She later received a Master of Pine Arts degree at Michigan State. Evelyn is an artist who works mainly in oils. Their sunny apartment is filled with her fine, expressive paintings. In defining her style of painting, Evey In modestly described her work as "realistic — exprcsslonistlc". Dr. Garfinkle wannlv and «*ithn«iimti<'aiiw termed it "imaginative." She has taught art In Michigan and is now a teacher and resource person forS UN program (State University of Nebraska) on a part time basis. Her works have been exhibited locally at the UNO art gallery, TTjeArtlBU Coop and at St. Mary's. Prior to coming to Omaha the Garfinkles were at Dartmouth and at Michigan State. He has been an educator for most of his
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life. "Although I taught for many years, I prefer the administrative side of education. It Is a rare opportunity to shape the goals of the collective body of a university. I feel that I have a creative role of trying to build an institution. I sense the need to make use of the talents available in order to build an Institution of higher learning. This Is where I can make a distinctive contribution." Nebraska was not part of the Garfinkles' life plan. "We were both very happy at Michigan State. Life there was Und to as. While I was there I designed an experimental college that I titled 'James Madison College' which I named after a President that I found most Interesting. "It was a small, personal school within the larger university, where the students were housed, had their labs and class rooms ' In one area*. We replaced the traditional majors (social science; economics, etc.) with 'policy problem focused fields of concentration' such as race relations, urban problems, etc." ' D.B, Varner, now President of the University of Nebraska Foundation sold the Garfinkles on coming to Omaha. They were told of the problems at UNO, and of the opportunities for (Continued on Page 51)
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Dr. Herbert Garfinkle .',-a:.'. .. ; (Continued from Page SO) > developing UNO; that the potential had not been realized. "I considered coming here an lmportantchallenge." The possibilities were, here, but they were latent and needed to be developed. There was great need for change, and that appealed to him, Garfinkle said. At the time he arrived, there were few Ph.D.'s among the 'faculty. They were on the shortest possible accreditation from the North Centra! Association. And now their faculty has been hired from all over the world, their accreditation is on the longest cycle, and their reputation has taken a "quantum leap" forward, according to the. North Central Association. There is trust in the faculty and in the curriculum. The credit for (his change can be shared by Dr. Roskens, who had the competancy to attract people to give leadership, and by all those who worked with him. -•'• "I like Or. Roskens. And even though he Is now In-Lincoln there is a great deal of inter-action between us." What does Dr. Garfinkle see in the future for the University of Nebraska at Omaha? "We must hold our quality faculty, and constantly upgrade our reputation. We must get rid of the stereotype of what Omaha Uwas. "We must build quality programs for the students. We are starting nveral experimental programs, including one taking poor-risk students with poor scores and native ability to do college work. This program Is in Its fourth year and U successful.
"Another program we are working on is the excellent student who lacks stimulus to get out of college the inspiration and the expansion of his world that he Is really capable of." Dr. Garfinkle added, "We have three new programs being put into operation: one, an early entry program for bright high school students who are not being stimulated in high school; two, an honors program for the very bright who need more assistance; and three, a unique scholarship program that Is not just for Omaha but Is being promoted throughout the State. People need to know that we have a viable program here, as well as in Lincoln." Dr. Garfinkle commented that many excellent Jewish scholars are coming to teach at UNO, and mentioned specifically the Chair for Judaic Studies, (or which Rabbi Jonathan Rosenbaum was brought In. The Jewish Federation helped to fund this Chair, along with the University. The Judaic Studies program is able to promote effective students toward graduate schools such as Brandels, which excel In Judaic Studies. "We are developing liberal arts minors for business people and our Downtown Center has started a 'brown bag1 lunch program. These can be either (or credit or strictly (or enjoyment. . We have also begun a 'Late Start Program' (or women who have raised families and now want to go back to school. People are finding pleasure in developing their abilities." Dr. Garfinkle mused, "I like to think of education as a cornerstone — To earn a good living, to lead a cultured life, and to realize that these two can be one and the same." He added, "Education la not just for a vocation; it brings out qualities which are reflective of what being human affords. We are capable of aesthetic pleasure. Education comes from educ-
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"There is no such thing as a 'state of being free'. Being a social person, one tries to find the best qualities In oneself by searching for the best, in trying to find the potential to leave the world a little better and to identify it. "For me, freedom Is my selmess In harmony with that search. Part of being free is to (eel that there are options, even if you don't ever use them." Herbert Garfinkle Is happy in his work and his life. He rarely ever thinks of doing anything else. "Perhaps the only other occupation I would have enjoyed would have been as a professional musician because they have so much ability to express themselves. Still, I am gratified that I have had the opportunities of discoveries in education," he said. It is clear that the Herbert Garfinkles have sought to refine and define their ultimate in intellectual attainment. Perhaps they are almost there.
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aflngquaUUesattt>ebelghto(thelrpotentlal. Herbert and Evelyn have two children: Laura who is working* on a Master's Degree at Bradley University, and Paul who Is attending Northwestern Law School. Neither has lived here in Omaha, but both have enjoyed their vacations here. The Garfinkles spoke of the freedom they have achieved with their children grown. Evelyn says, "The day-to-day concern over them Is gone. I have always (elt free to pursue my career as an artist. But in my maturing years I have mellowed: I don't (eel influenced by outside stimuli, nor do I need outside recognition." Her husband said, "1 am less free as an administrator. My time is more circumscribed. And as I get older I change —. I realize that I am not immortal, I find freedom an illusive word.
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April 1,1977
moine§ new§ Pbmerantz HonoredfdrO^ one of three honorees at NCCJ banquet DES MOINES — Marvin A. Pomerantz, president of Hid American Development Companies, is one of the three Des Hollies citizens to be honored by the national Conference of Christians and Jews for outstanding leadership in the fields of human relations and community service. Pomerantz, the Rev. Dr. James Wills Lenhart, Pastor of Plymouth Congregational-United Church of Christ, and Carroll 'E. Mann, partner in Peat, Marwick, Mitchell and Co., Certified Public Accountants will be honored at the 49th Anniversary Banquet of NCCJ to be held April 26 In the Grand Ballroom of Hotel Fort Des Moines, according to George W. Sullivan, John C. Cortesio, Jr. and Sheldon Rabinowitz, co-chairman of the local regionofNCCJ. Pomerantz was born In Des Moines. He graduated from the University of Iowa in 1952 with a bachelor of science degree In Commerce. He founded Great Plains Bag Corporation in January 1961 and served as Its president and general manager for 14(4 years. In early 1972 be was named vice president of Continental Can Campany, Inc., and in January of 1975 was named vice president and general manager of the Forest Products Brown Systems Operation, a $500,000,000 segment of Continental's organization. He Is presently president of Mid-America
Development Company. , Pomerantz is active in buslness.-commimJty and religious affairs. Currently be Is president of the Greater Des Moines Chamber of Commerce, a member of the National Advisory Council on the Education of Disadvantaged Children, a member of the Governor's Economic Advisory Council, Greater Des Moines Committee, Terrace Hill Foundation. He is also a member of the boards of directors of the following: Iowa-Des Moines National Bank, Stone Systems, Dial Financial Corporation, Berkley Company, United Jewish Appeal, University of Iowa Foundation, and National Conference of Christians and Jews. . Pomerantz was division co-chairman of the Des Moines Theater Project which raised over $9 million to build the Des Moines Civic Theater. He was also 1977 Republican Package Plan Chairman for Iowa. In 1976 he was Chairman of the Catholic Diocese Dowling Development Program, Phase II, and he was also Campaign Manager, Iowa President Ford Committee. He has been a member of the Board of Iowa Lutheran Hospital, past president of Des Moines Community Improvement Inc., President of the Jewish Welfare Federation, General Chairman of the United Way Campaign, President of the Paper Shipping Sack Manufacturer's Assoc., and past President of Tifereth Israel Synagogue. In October 1975 he was mission leader and co-chairman of the NCCJ Mission to Israel, of which Governor Ray was a participant. Pbmerantz and his wife, Rose Lee, have four daughters.
Marvin Pomerantz
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TheJewfchPrM*
The Iowa Jewish Home
Rogat Provides Strong Leadership in Age of Change By Charlene Felnberg "What is retirement? Is It a chronological period of one's life? Ii it a state of mind? Is it a process of change? "Retirement and the withdrawal from work are commonly thought to be synonymous and there lies the problem, fp our society the ability to work Is equated with status and Security. With the cessation of work or the ability to earn a living, one's entire life style and value system is thus threatened. Work should not be an end in Itself, but simply a means to greater enjoyment of self, family and community. "Retirement, then should be a process where by one continues to grow and develop as a person; a person who now has the time of enjoy the fruits of his labors and to take stock of his directions and recast them." Carl Rogat, executive director of the Iowa Jewish Home. The Iowa Jewish Home was founded in March of 1931 by a group of committed Jewish women' who were Interested In creating an organization that might eventually raise funds for a retirement and nursing home for the elderly members of the Jewish Community of Des Moines. A gift of the Younker Homestead of 1820 Pleasant in 1934 made the dream of these women come true. The site was refurbished and formally dedicated on March 21,1935. Upon opening, he Iowa Jewish Home served 16 people In a group living situation. In 1942, ah adjacent home to the 1620 residence was purchased and additional accommodations were made for 10 people. Ai'the 1940's progressed, the patients entering the Home showed a greater need for medical services and attention. By 1956, the need of the patients for a broader spectrum of nursing care, along with the deterioration of the Younker Homestead Itself pressed the Des Moines Welfare Federation into a resolu-
apartments are located in our lower wing. These apartments are provided with daily dietary, housekeeping and activity programs and may receive, If necessary, emergency nursing service. The Iowa Jewish Home is a commission of the Jewish Welfare Federation of Des Moines and is governed by'a board of 22 laymen appointed by the Federation to administer the Jewish Home's functions. This board selects an executive director to coordinate directly the affairs of the Home and its 60 employees. This staff, in addition to a full-time director of nursing and an assistant director of nursing, boasts a full time dietician, three full-time rehabilitation workers, one full-time patient care coordinator who is also a'registered nurse, two part-time occupational therapists, one part-time physical therapist, and as needed, psychiatric and speech consultation. The Jewish Home only employs registered nursing for Its charge positions and has fullTbe Rogat family — Aaron, 4; Mrs. Carol Rogat; Sheryl, 10, time RN coverage throughout Its 24-hour, daily cycle. Carl S. Rogat, executive director of the _owa Jewish Home; The Home has built for Itself an outstanding reputation in the Jonathan, 7. field of long-term care and Is known throughout the state for its tfa>tt to mount a major fund raising campaign to build a new Innovative programs and services. It is the only free-standing home. In 1960 construction began on our present facility which long-term care facility within the state which has an organized was completed in 1961. staff of physicians serving its in-patient population. The Iowa Jewish Homo today is a multifunctional agency serThe licensed physicians are available on premises at least ving those aged and chronically ill who require specialized care eight hours a week for consultation with the residents and their within a personalized, creative and helpful group living ex- families and, in addition, participate in weekly patient care stafperience. , fing. As a result of the staffing, a patient care plan Is developed Thirty-four single and four double accommodations are pro- and Is monitored by a patient care coordinator. vided for nursing patients. Medical and nursing services, The Iowa Jewish Home Guild acts In a fund raising and physical and occupational therapy, planned therapeutic diets, volunteer capacity to the Jewish Home. Through the years the social work consultation, and religious and recreational pro- Iowa Jewish Home Guild has had significant input in terms of grams are available to assist the nursing home patient. In addi- activity programming and special projects which have Improvtion, for those requiring less direct services, five domiciliary •'(Continued on page 54)
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3. Establishment of a monthly cost centered accrual accounting system for increased budgetary accuracy and control. 4. Development of academic ties with Grandview School ofynursing, Area IX LPN Training Program, Lulhttan Hospital's Physician Residency Program and Drake School of Pharmacy. 5. Through cooperation with the Home's board, oyer $200,000 in improvements have been added, Including two skilled nursing units, five retirement units, an activity wing, a solarium, a drug room, maintenance office, storage garage, laundry area, and an auxiliary generating system.
Iowa Jewish Home (Continued from Page 53) ed the entire Jewish Home's living circumstance. Carl Rogat was only 28 years old when he assumed the demanding position of executive director of the Home in 1969 and with it a challenging array of problems. The most momentous problem, according to Carl, is the personnel problem. Besides there being a constant shortage of RNs, most do not want the kind of demanding job the home offers, including long hours and great responsibility. A native of Cleveland, Carl and his wife, Carol, came to Des ' Moines in 1966, when he went to work for the Iowa Division o( Rehabilitation Education and Services as a counselor. The Rogats now have three children, a daughter, 10, and two sons, 4 and 7. He received his bachelor of arts degree in psychology and sociology from Miami University hi Oxford, Ohio, and his master of arts in rehabilitation counseling from Kent State University in Kent, Ohio. Carl has emerged as a controversial figure in the Jewish community. Speak to six different people and you are likely to receive six different opinions of Carl and the job he is doing. He speaks his mind and stands firmly behind tils beliefs, sometimes stepping on a few toes If necessary. He seems to care deeply about the people in his charge and speaks of them as people in-
Resideats Minnie Miller'and WUllam Wittenstein chat with MUdredZenor.RN.
Iowa Jewish Home residents and recreation worker*: Alice Blotcky, Ida Bucksbaum, Bess Booth, Esther Ginsberg, Lori Blerwlrth, Jennie Harris, Minnie Miller, Virginia WaUersteln. stead of patients, and he has very up-to-date and progressive ideas on gerontology. Under his supervision, the Home has maintained a reputation for high quality standards and Is known as one of the most progressive facilities within the community. The duties of the director of the Home encompass complete responsibility for operations and functions; carrying .out policies and procedures; managing the accounts, budget, billings and purchases; administering wage and hour functions; supervising staff; coordinating departments; overseeing admissions and discharges; maintaining the plant; working with the board; maintaining public relations with residents and the general community; and overseeing and guiding all of the medical, social, religious, recreational and out-reach programming.
Some of the primary accomplishments of Carl's eight-year tenure at the home are as follows: 1. Establishment of the Home's first Rehabilitation Department, which now includes two therapists, one counselor and one patient care coordinator. There are five activities per day that include trips outside of the facility. 2. Organization of, the medical care program through an affiliation with a resident training program at Lutheran -Alice Blotcky, Bess Booth and Esther Ginsberg make ic<rJ Hospital providing 24-hour physician on-call coverage and on-premises coverage of eight hours per week. cream. "''••' ''•"•"•'• ; '•
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6. Development of ground work for a number cf programs, including the early stages of a geriatric sheltered workshop and day center and a frozen meals-on-wheels program. 7. Private apartments for alert, handicapped Jewish Home residents. - • , 8. Specialized care and accommodations for the disturbed and disoriented residents currently receiving care within the Home. 9. Finally, continued expansion of the professional staff in order that they might meet the ever-increasing demands of the handicapped residents for whom they are responsible. The major goal of this staff is to establish a normalized noninstitutional environment in which residents may find increased independence and continued personal growth. • Though the problems of retirement In economic and emotional (Continued to Page 55)
during this celebration, lei us all - rededicate ourselves to the freedom of all mankind US NATIONAL NORTHWESTERN NATIONAL CENTER BANK
April 1,1877
Wanted for the Iowa Jewish Home
Ruth Sokoloff:
(Continued from Page 4) Ruth worked until 1974 when she was compelled to quit due i (Continued from Page 54) to illness. But she still keeps active in a field that she is so terms are bound to be great, the emerging retirement populawell versed In and that she has tion should be better able to adopt a productive and meaningful such great love for. She is a life style. They will be better educated, have greater affluence board m e m b e r of t h e and become accustomed to a higher degree of leisure. Nebraska Foundation for the .National flgues alone Indicate that since 1800 the average life Visually Handicapped. She is expectancy at birth has increased from 47 years to today's able to give Input into all of the average of 70 years. This is a 23-year increase In less than three programming for the hanquarters of a century. Its Des Moines between the years of-JSS8 dicapped. The parents of the and 1971 the population of Jewish people overCS years of age has visually handicapped have almost tripled In size. asked her to serve as their There are a variety of services that Carl Rogat thinks should DEAR FRIENDS: place In the world. be developed If we are to utilize and support our growing retireSymbolically, the Seder im- spokesman and advisor, The festival of Passover is ment community. They are pre-rctirement counseling, voca- the most colorful and longed presses upon us the fact that which her expertise certainly tional guidance and placement, financial and legal counseling, for holiday in Jewish Life. this world is governed by qualifies her to do. second careers In Jewish communal services, retirement hous- Everyone prepares either to Divine law and order. Every "Life would have been much ing, meals-on-wheels, homemaker and visiting nurses services, make a Seder or to participate move, every step of the ritual transportation, day care, intermediate housing, long term care In one, or at least to see one. It has a meaning. The how, simpler if I had grown up in and outpatient medical services. is because each one's Soul sub- where, when, amount of mat- the 70s. There would have Carl feels that long-term care institutions must change their c o n s c i o u s l y f e e l s t h e ' zah eaten, amount of wine to been no static In obtaining the emphasis from purely medical to social and emotional support sacredness of the Jewish holi- be used carry significance. It training I struggled to get." as well; that with medical procedures taking up only a modest day and its majesty, which thus makes us feel that our For many y e a r s s h e portion of the waking day even for the most critical of nursing reaches the very core of the lives are so fashioned that subverted her own profespatlenU, it seems obvious that we have some tremendous voids Jewish heart and faith. everyone of our physical ac- sional role to fit into her husto Oil. * tions carries spiritual mean- The beauty of this festival is Ing and consequently we band's schedule. In the Seder or order of cere- should calculate every move "I always saw to it that my monies of the first two nights and act of ours so that it evening classes were on the Of Pesach. The Seder includes should lead to the service of same nights as when Phil was two most Important Mltzvos, God and enhancement of His playing bridge. Of course, (!) eating matzah and (2) Glory. there were conflicts about takHagaddah (narration of going ing vacations and having the out of Egypt), which we Our sages foretold that we freedom of a non-working observe in memory of the would be redeemed during the housewife. miracle of the exodus and on month of NISSAN. May, "While I lost the freedom of account of which we accepted therefore this Pesach bring us a lady of leisure, with time to the service of God for all time. Elijah the prophet to an- be with my friends for lunch or Furthermore, the recital of nounce the coming of the shopping, I gained self respect the Hagaddah and the Messiah and the complete and knew that I was making a miracles or redemption Instill redemption of Israel. mark in the field of education in. us the hope for our final We wish you a HAPPY that I had pursued for so long. Mr. and Mrs, Phil Shapiro visit with Human Services coor- redemption and elevation of PESACH, I was blazing a trail. No one dinator Wendell Kneller. our people to our destined Rabbi and Shirley Berg led me — I did the leading.''
Iowa Jewish Home
* Sign and namepjate machine, makes wood grain formica plates. Needed to identify all gifts, also name plates, etc. . * Sewing machine useable on stretch knits * Small (3 to 6 cubic feet) refrigerators for use in residents'rooms. , •.-.••{' If you wish to make a gift of any of these items the home has excellent sources for purchase. Please contact Mr, Carl Rogat. . • . .• -J
A Message from Rabbi Berg
PASSOVER GREETINGS
Being Jewish was not important at the school. "I was selected on my own merits, and in fact when I quit there were several other Jewish people working there. And, of course, there were the volunteers from the Council of Jewish Women, which I had beenapartof," Her father's love for education wasn't an unusual feeling for those who came over to this country,. And that love was instilled In his daughter. And life has come full circle for Ruth: ' "The most gratifying part of my life Is that my daughter Karen is now teaching visually handicapped children, ^nd serves as a resource person for the Omaha Public Schools. She is In contact with some of the same children that I taught as nursery students." So now a third generation is carrying on this tradition that Ruth learned from her father. And obviously Karen didn't have the battle that her mother fought and won. '
albert FOR MAYOR
Political Adv«rtl»m*nt
Paid for bf tfw CommlltM la tlacl Mlk. Mtxrl Moyof, em i Si.; John Shonuy and Jon* Lynch ^hairptrtons.
Passover Greetings
• t ?•
The JawtahPran
April!. 1J77