April 14, 1976: Passover Edition

NbUR HISTUKICAL l!>00 K ST LINCOLN, Nt 68508

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April 14,1876

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This Issue:

In Search of The Promise ' Prom the shtetlachof Russia and Poland, from the cities and villages of Germany they came, sometimes crossing thousands of miles of European continent and Atlantic Ocean to reach the • shoresofTbeFrombe: America. .-.-- . No, not the Promised Land of the Bible, not Israel, back then in the 1800s, although the dream of Zlon was growing stronger by the year inthe late 1800s. No, this was. America, self-proclaimed Land of the Free, where written law promised that men of all religions, races and colors could come and make new lives. In America, they would have the liberty to live as they wished, to practice their religious beliefs, and justice for all would protect that liberty. When they arrived on these shores, these Jews from Eastern and Western Europe found that the Biblical concepts they had always sought were engraved on a huge bell. It was called the Liberty Bell and the engraving was from the Book of Leviticus intheTorah: "Proclaim liberty.throughout the land unto all the \ inhabitants thereof." God had spoken those words to Moses on Mount Sinai in telling him of the Promised Land. Finding these words on this symbol of freedom must have been a Jubilee to these immigrants, many of whom were fleeing poverfyand pogroms, . . . _ . - - . They did not find streets of gold in America, but they idid find ' abundance of opportunity to make for themselves whatever they wished. Some settled on the East Coast, while others pushed west, seeking perhaps relatives who had come earlier, or Just stanply better opportunities in less crowded conditions. Many of these Jews settled in the Midwest and a number of them in Omaha, the growing town on the Missouri River. It was a place where a peddler could trade his horse and wagon for his' own store and the life of a businessman; where a shochet could find a market for his slaughtering skills; where a teacher could find enough pupils to have, a school. v

The Cover These two. families, whose emigration to Omaha was -, separated by approximately 75 years, nevertheless had, the same purpose: to live In freedom. The family at the top, whose arrival dates back to the 1890's, was the Kulakofsky family. Shown are four generations, beginning with the youngest, Eudlce Kulakofsky Brandt, now of Long Island, N.Y., sitting on the lap of her mother, Sarah. Eudlce's father, Abraham Israel (A.I.) Kulakofsky, stands behind his wife, while his' . parents, Michel and Goldie, stand to his right. Seated are Michel's parents, Laser Gershon Kulakofsky and wife Bashe. A.I.'s brothers arid sisters, not shown, were Joe, Rose, 3. Harry, Louis and Hannah. Of them, Hannah (Mrs. Herman Cohen) of Omaha survives. Eudice's sisters are Bunny Goldberg and Dorothy Sommer of Los Angeles and Ruth (Mrs. Ernes) A.) Nogg of Omaha. ;.',., •-. - The second family arrived in Omaha'only last fall. They are the Krasovitskys—Mark, Emy and son Vadun. They nope to bring Emy's parents here In the near future.

According to Carol Gendler, historian of Omaha's Jewish community,' the first Jew here was one Leopold May,! who; arrived around 1835 and operated a clothing business fora few years. He was in the vanguard'of the first of four waves of Jewish immigrants who came between 1850 and the First World War.. Typical of many of the, families who arrived in the. third

wave—eastern and southeastern European Immigrants who came between 1891 and 1900—was the family shown on our. cover, the Kulakofskys. According to Ruth (Mrs. Ernest A.) Nogg. a daughter of Abraham Israel Kulakofsky, the family came In about 1890 from the Russian village of Kulakee, from which their name Is derived. By the early 1900s, when the photo was taken, they had established themselves in the Omaha kosher meat business and-later would become a significant family in Omaha Jewish community and philanthropic activities. With 1976 being the Bicentennial of the United States, it seemed appropriate at Passover, our festival of freedom, to recognize those who came here In quest of freedom. The Jewish Press sought to focus on the past 100 or so years of Omaha's Jewish history. But due to the time span, the early part of the period can only be learned via the writings of Mrs. Gendler and other Jewish historians. Our recollection-Interviews begin about the time of the Kulakofsky arrival." The oldest person featured is Jake Spiesberger, whose family brought its business here from Keokuk, la., and who is looking forward to his 100th birthday in June. We also have Included more recent stories in this edition, including one about the most recent arrival in the newest wave of Immigrants—those Jews seeking to leave the Soviet Union today, when Russian governmental restrictions make it much more difficult. Typical of this group is the other family on our coyer, Mark and Emy Krasovitsky and son Vadim. Today, Mark1 Is employed by Omaha Fixture and Display, Inc., while Emy works In the bookkeeping department of the Jewish Federation.. It Is impossible, of course, to telLall the stories of-Omaha's immigrants. Hopefully, In the months to come, we will tell more of them-both past immigrants and those still to come.

Why This Night Will Be Different: The Natan Kotlyar Story Bty Rlcunl Pearl ' Tonight will be almost as new for 43-yearold Natan Kotlyar as it will be for the youngest child at the Seder table. For when that youngster asks the Four Questions— "Man ti<«M«t>fth ha-iy-la hazeh" . . . "Why Is this night different . .."-Natan Kotlyar will have his own answer... • 'The story goes back to Moscow, when a teenage Natan Kotlyar (pronounced Kot-lar) would join his parents at the Jame of his grandfather, Cantor Yosef Zoller, for Passover Seder. In 1947, the government had closed the cantor's synagogue, but the Hazzan still obtained Pesadik foods and defiantly continued to honor the holiday marking the ancient exodus of his people from Egypt. . Then," in 1853, the grandfather died, and Natan's s o u r c e of Judaism—he learned Judalca from his " grandfather's 'stories—was gone. Natan's parents were afraid to celebrate the holiday and so, bit by bit, his Judaism went- under. cover—all, perhaps, but a -sparki his .pinteleYid. As he grew older, Natan learned of his government's official policy of antiSomldcm _JNot_only were synagogues turned into clubs, but more important to a hungry young student such as be, there were certain schools—as well as jobs—off limit* to Jews.

This was of particular pain to young Natan, because his scholastic excellence had earned him an academic gold medal that was supposed to unlock the doors of any school he'chose. However, It didn't work that way for him, and in order to cam his doctoral degree, he had to study by himself for three years, with some help coming from a

Jewish, professor who understood his situation. . He finally go( the degree which, in America today is equal to a Doctor of Philosophy - with Distinction, according to BUI Schneider, Russian language specialist at the University of Nebraska at Omaha. But although Natan gained professional recognition for his writings—

Natan's grandfather, Yosef.

his field is the theoretics of pre-stressed concrete—his superiors -would only'promote him laterally. There was no way up In the Russian system for him. By now he was married and he and wife Margarita had a son, Gregory. Perhaps It was a stirring of his plntele Yld, perhaps a growing resentment at being called a Jew but not being allowed to live as one. Or maybe ft was his being limited in advancement because he was what he couldn't practice being. Whatever, Nutuu began celebrating Pfibsover and the other holidays In the only way possible—by standing outside the Great Synagogue In his native Moscow with bis friends, his fellow Jews. These gatherings, of course, did not meet with official approval. The police would divert traffic from other streets to the synagogue street to break up the groups, said Natsjj. By chance, during a business trip to Kiev, Natan s e t another civil esglseer, Julian LitvinskyT With Rosa, Julian's wife, the trio talked about coming to America-a dream that Natan had had for 10 or 15 years. He had beard the Voice of America and the British Broadcasting Corp. analne ISea appealed. ~ Natan applied' for an emigration visa in June, 1975—and found' himself automatically demoted at work. But he was luckier than

many—he remained employed; be was not charged with possessing' "state secrets"—a random tactic the authorities use to scare; Jews and keep them from applying; and, thanks to Sen. Henry Jackson's bill, he had to pay the government only $400 to leave, rather than the usual $14,000-J15,000. But there was pain: Margarita refused to leave Russia and they were divorced, with Gregory-"a beautiful boy" who lll&es math and chess, Just like his father—being awarded to Margarita Natan's parents also stayed behind. "It was very difficult to go. But I was by then readyto"go anywhere," he said. He left Russia in October,' 1975, writing to the Utvinskys,

Natan Kotlyar

Natah's son,Gregory. who came to Omaha last April 25 and urged him to come. He arrived in Omaha on Feb. 20, thanks to the help of-the Omaha Jewish Federation and Shirley Goldstein, Miriam Simon, Ann Goldstein, Nancy Greenberg, Phil Schneiderman and Barbara Buchalter, . among ethers. His Omaha hosts are Maxine and Joe Kirshcnbaum. As far as Passover goes, Natan says he doesn't remember the names of the foods—the bitter herbs, the' charpseth, the other items. But when he sits down-to the Seder.table tonight, he-as wen as we Litvinskys, the Portugelses, the Talpalatskys and the Krasovitzkys, will know why tonight is different. It will be their first Passover In freedom.

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During this traditional Holiday of Freedom, Passover, let us all rededicate ourselves to the freedom of the United States dujring this Bicentennial year; hoping that the State of Israel will be free of strife in the years to come* ,. _,_;

ThaJawahPrMg

Aorii 14.1978

Rev. Gendler—A Shochet Recalls Omaha's Great Matzoh Selling Days * By Barbara Simon , For most of the Jews who came to Omaha in the period 1912-1920 from Eastern EuropeRussia, Rumania, Poland, Hungary, Lithuania-life was hard and very poor. And yet, America was a place of happiness, too. _ Arthur Gendler, referred to as Reverend Gendler, came to Omaha in 1921 at age 30. "It was like we were in jail in the old country," he says. "Now in America, we came out of jail. We were beaten, kicked around on the streets (in Europe). In Omaha I felt like a free man who had been let out of jail." Gendler was married when he came here and tiis father-in-law, Max Peltz, had been In . Omaha a few years. He introduced Gendler to Rabbi Grodzinsky, who got him a job with a Jewish butcher and instructed him as a abochet In a few weeks Rev. Gendler was preparing all the chickens for the butcher and earning «2S a week. He learned bow to slaughter cattle in about five months, and by the next year he was handling all the kosher meat klUlng at the Cudahy Packing Plant. He remained there for 45 years.

law and Rabbi Grodzinsky in the annual business of wholesaling most of the matzoh sold in Omaha, in those days the rabbis often sold matzoh and homemade wine to supplement then* salaries. Gendler made trips to Jersey City, N. J., by train to establish good relations with the B. Maniscnewitz Company. Me rented a store for four or five weeks and distributed matzohs and other Passover foods—cookies,

macaroons, noodles, soup, matzoh meal. earn money to those even poorer. At He was not too remoyed from his ocPassover, widows went around the neigncupation In the old country—there, as a young • borhoods to take orders for matzoh and other man of 20, he had bought wheat and corn, paid fbods,.placlng their orders with Rev. Gendler, to have, it ground Into flour at a local mill in wbo sold it to them at wholesale price. They, Chumsk, Russia, and then had sold it in turn, delivered the orders on wagons, and wholesale by horse and cart in nearby towns. collected the retail price. Matzoh was 15 cents : lfi Oiii<ui&, PfioSOVer biuiigiit uiipGrtant apbundiriisz5.> • - - - - • • extra dollars to many people. The community, poor as it was, gave the chance to 0

'Such A Mess Of Boxes, Crumbs'

Some other people, including some Rabbis, sold matzoh out of their houses. They would turn one room Into a shop.and the Jewish neighbors would come there to buy matzoh, Gendler chuckled, "They would have such a mess of boxes and crumbs from the weeks before Pesach, that they would have to stay up the whole night before Seder to clean up." When his children were young, Rev, Gendler's wife prepared for Passover by "burning out" the oven—heating It very hot with hot bricks to destroy any chometz-any nonPesach crumbs—and also by washing and scrubbing the whole bouse. The children had to be taken away and were not allowed in the kitchen for fear that they would track In chometz. .. Sometimes 30 people would join the Gendlers at their Seder-children and grand; children, mothers-in-law, husbands and wives, other mishpocha and any wandering • Jews who didn't have a place to go. Mrs. Gendler made 35 pounds of fish and cooked four tongues, plus calf livers and chickens. . Soup and matzoh balls were served, as well as borscht and roast beef, plus homemade fruit dishes with raisins and prunes. Everyone told stories and sang and ate and drank wine "until the light was coming Into the sky outside the windows." Passover in Omaha in those later years was a feast of plenty and freedom, a joy to make up (or the sad yean* when Rev. Gendler was a boy in Chumsk.

W Cents IfLive, $1 If It's Dressed' _ During those years, though, be would still kill chickens for the butcher in the back of the shop. "If a woman came to the back of the shop with a live chicken, or bought a live one from us, it would cost her SO cents, but If she bought it up front, dressed, she paid one dollar," he laughed. . "We had to do that," he added, "because If not, she would go to the competition to buy her meat!" V As a shochet with special training* and special learning, Mr. .Gendler earned the title "Reverend" because be was able to perform, certain'tasks that a Rabbi performs and could serVeas a Rabbi if there were none available. In 1930 Rev. Gendler joined his father-in-

Rev. Gendler views old family portrait. (JP Photo)

Gift Oranges NEW YORK - The BenEzer family, one of the first to raise, pack and ship Jaffa oranges, has opened an office at 4 Park Avenue here to facilitate the shipment of gift cartons of oranges to the United States and Canada.

The cost for each 20-pound carton of about 45 Jaffas, Is $15, including all -shipping charges. ,_ For further information contact Amiram Ben-Ezer, 212432-7097,

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April 14.1978

of Omaha

ThaJewifh Press

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April 14.1878

Zerlina Hitler:

People Lived Nearer To Each Other Then with almost a giggle. By Barbara Simon "I liked it better then, when Zerlina Hiller at 89 has sparkling eyes and a won- Omaha wasn't so big and derful smile. She enjoys there weren't s o . many talking about her days as a • people," she says. "We didn't girl in Omaha and laughs a lot. have so much to do — and people had more time for each other. We had a lot of fun." • Mrs. Killer's maiden name was Dreyfoos. Her family lived at 23rd and Davenport and she says that young people made their own good times in those days, close to home. "People lived nearer to each other, we all walked everywhere. You had to be awful rich to have a horse and buggy." As a teen-ager, she and her friends went on picnics and swim parties to Lake Manawa by streetcar, In, bloomer bathing suits, all covered up. They lugged their picnic baskets all the way there, down to the water's edge. They had get-togethers In Mrs. Hiller: "We had a lot of fc each other's homes, around fun."

the piano or pulling taffy and making fudge. There were also parties and dances at the Metropolitan Club, and dinners and fundralslng affairs at / Temple. Israela when, it was' called Congregation of Israel on 23rd and Harney. She particularly remembers an event there called the Strawberry Festival, ,when she and her friends participated by waiting on tables. "We went to see the boys," she says, with a laugh. They also spent time visiting back and forth, sewing, knitting and playing cards. "Our home was always open," Zerlina remembers, "I had a wonderful life." When she came to Omahafrom' Cincinnati with her parents in 1904 at age 17, she wasn't so sure it was going to be a wonderful life. She remembers that people in Cincinnati told her there would be Indians and other

Omaha Jewish Settlement -1911 ADOS

Zerlina Hiller and sister-in-law Florence Hiller would give birth to son Richard later that year. Jacojbs on porch swing in July, m l Zerlina, very dangerous people in the do other shopping and over to "far west", and she arrived 19th and Cumlng to the butvery frightened and cried a lot cher shop, walking home with • those first few months. heavy bundles of meat. The Her father, Alfred Dreyfoos, grocer, however, came to the had been born in Cincinnati In door, received the day's order, the 1860*8 (his parents were and returned later to deliver from Germany) and had a It. small general store in a little When Zerlina Dreyfoos went town before moving to Omaha to visit her friend Florence as a traveling salesman for a Hiller, she bad no idea she liquor company. ' would later marry Florence's Zerlina's mother's family,, brother Louis. Zerlina spent named Flexner, had come happy times at the Hiller from France. Zerlina's home at 36th and Farnam. g r a n d m o t h e r had six "They had electricity," says brothers, who came from Zerlina with' a twinkle. ''Everybody thought that was France with her.'- Two -of them became wonderful." illustrious educators and Regarding Louis's family: contributors to the history of - Henry Hiller was born in theUnitedStates. Germany around 1861. He — Abraham F i e x n e r came to the United States as a influenced Johns Hopkins young man and by age 18 or.19 University and began the. married Rosa Relgclman of movement to set standards for Des Molnes. She was only 16 at medical education in the the time, from a -very large. family there that was United States. — Simon Flexner was the struggling to stay alive. f i r s t d i r e c t o r of the The young Hillers settled in Rockefeller Foundation and . Red Oak, Iowa where their son succeeded in bringing to the Louis was born in 1880. There attention of many philan- were so few Jewish families thropists the need-to support there that Louis was the first medical research. child ever to be circumcised in In Zerlina's mother's bouse Red Oak. The rabbi and mohel there was no electricity and no came from Chicago to perone bought clothes from a form the ceremony. Henry's store. The dressmaker came Job in Red Oak, was to sweep to the house and moved in for and clean the clothing store • week. She sewed everyone's owned by Otto Swanson. clothes for the next season., In 1885 the Henry Hillers -'TSie family walked to moved to Ouisiia with their downtown from 23rd Street to four children and opened a

Explanation of Map The thin lines within the bold area outlines on this map are actual street patterns from a city map. If a 1975 map of similar • scale were overlaid on this one, the street patterns would be nearly the same, except for those eliminated by highway construction. Each little line Indicates an actual street Also: - —The Stars of David represent synagogue locations at that time; . < • ' —The shaded area represents the path of the 1913 tornado, which is of interest because its destruction significantly changed the housing pattern in the years following. .-.: . —Other Jewish Individual homes were scattered throughput the city in 1911 but are not indicated on this map. Thlp grid design shows'the areas of highest Jewish concentration at that time. Omaha's Jewish population then was estimated.at 5,000. * —'«bn Zipay(j¥hM«eaHh«<! and prepared i Ufl . showing neighborhoods of greatest Jewish population In the year 1911, is a faculty member in the College of Public Affairs at the University of Nebraska at Omaha. He is by training a geographer with particular Interest In ethnic population dynamic!. John is married to Diane Eileen Epstein.

Zerlina in the winter of 1910.' liquor store, first on North 16th Street and later at 1309 Farnam, where Its eventual success led the Hillers to be one of the first families to have electricity! Louis grew up on 36th and Farnam, met Zerlina" and married her in 1910. He worked with his father. In 1917, when Prohibition brought an abrupt change in many people's lives, Louis Hiller cast around for awhile and then went to Alaska to try to establish a hotel there. This venture failed, and'in 1920 he returned to Omaha and started a finance business, financing Ford cars. Louis and Zerlina eventually built a home at 52nd and Howard They .were active in the affairs of Temple Israel and many of their social activities revolved around dinners and events there,

Zerlina sewed every Friday with a group of women who made clothes and baby layettes for some of Omaha's , newcomers and others .who needed help. • She and Louis had two children, Richard H. (Dick) Hiller and Margery (now Mrs. Edward Z: Rosen). Zerlina Hiller repeated) "I had a wonderful life. We got together with bur friends to cook at the Temple. All the ladies cooked and helped out. We had fun together." Fun together in Omaha In 1910-1920. For some, the good old days were good indeed.

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April 14,1976

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Jennie Veitzer Recalls Escaping The Russian Revolution When Mrs. Nathan Vettzer was 16-year-old Jennie Krantz in Chumsk, Russia, near Kremenets, the year was 1917. The turmoil that resulted in ibe Bolshevik Revolution was underway.' Her memories are terror-

filled: soldiers from various (actions murdered in the streets, one party or another's soldiers occupying the town, taking all the food, even moving in to the tiny threeroom KrantE house and sleeping on the kitchen floor.

Panorama

If 1776 Had Been 1976! By David Schwartz

greatly swayed by this Zionist

argument. And when the Continental Congress finally decided on independence, the Liberty Bell rang out in Philadelphia and here again we see .the Israel influence. The words-

Among the various things to be grateful for in this Bicentennial year, one thing may be overlooked which yet looms above all:. How fortunate it is that the movement for American- independence— inscribed on the Liberty Bell took place in 1776 instead of took P d to all the 1976. land .and the inhabitants If it had taken place today, thereof,", were copied from the -United Nations would be those sounded in Israel when sure to have adopted a the' Shofar was blown anresolution condemning it as nouncing the year of jubilee. Zionism.- , ..: And what happened after This fellow Thomas Paine, it would be said—the man whose that? Something even showing little book, "Common Sense", stronger the Zionist influence: did more than anything else to Ben Franklin arose and win the American public to proposed in Congress that the independence—was nothing seal of the newborn United • but an unmitigated Zionist. States be an engraving of the His "Common. Sense" reeks Israelites fleeing from the . ' with -Zionism. He mentions Egyptians. What would the Israel in this work more than Arabs say of that today? TheodorHerzl hi his writings. Just consider how he tries to • j u s t i f y - A m e r i c a n independence with quotations from Israel. Only a Zionist would be guilty of that. When the Jews, he says, were oppressed by their neighbors, the Mldlanltes, they marched against them with a small army but, under the l e a d e r s h i p of Gideon, achieved a victory. They were so elated they asked Gideon to accept the crown. "Rule thou over us and thy 6on and thy son's son," but Gideon replied, "I will not rule over you, neither my son. The Lord shall rule over you." And a hundred and some thirty yean later, the Jews, stffl hankering to be like their fn*1jrtifrflni And b&vG A Mpff( asked the prophet Samuel to allow them to have a king. While Samuel finally yielded to their persistent demands, he warned them that kings only bring war and corruption. "And Samuel said, this shall be the manner of the King, that shall reign over you. He will take your sons and appoint them for his chariots and his horsemen fostering war and militarism and he will take your daughters to be confectioners and cooks and bakers (fostering luxury for* the aristocracy) and he will take the tenth of your seed and vineyards and give them to his officers and friends." It .was these arguments • from the story o f Israel that Thomas Paine used to argue his case for independence and the American .public was

Yes, Ben Franklin wasn't much different from Ben Gurion. The United Nations, no doubt, would point out that Franklin's Hebrew name, Ben, itself showed the Zionist influence. t It would see the-same Zionist influence in the names of many of the Revolutionary leaders. The man who commanded the Americans at Bunker Hill was named Israel Putnam. In Philadelphia, one revolutionary patriot was named Israel Israel. Both of his names were Israel' and Adams, "the father of the Revolution," his first name was Samuel. He was the Boston Tea Party man. It •would be said, no doubt, that the Boston Tea Party was just a Zionist conspiracy. They were practicing to do the same thing later with oil. And George Washington— didn't Ben Franklin call him "the Joshua" of America? And the worst Zionist of all' was Thomas Jefferson, the. man who wrote, "AH men arecreated equal." If that is so, theatbe Jews also have a right to have a state of their own, seeing that the Arabs have more than 20 states. And John Adams was a selfdeclared Zionist. The man who led the fight for Independence in Congress, in a .letter to Mordecai Manuel Noah urged the restoration of the Jewish State. All were Zionists. Yes, it is lucky the Jounding fathers lived in 1776-not 1976. Sneer luck! -David Schwartz.

She has one particularly vivid memory of having to beg for bread from Gentile neighbors for a few days because a certain group of soldiers on a rampage had cleaned out the

Some pleasant memories inqlude Passover preparation and the Seder. In the Orthodox way, they kashered tha whole house, cleaning everything. The ovens were burned out for : tews. •.-• -•-:"•• 24 hours .with hot io o a to. The Krantzes slept In the remove every trace of hay barns at a nearby farm chometz. Even the doorknobs . until they could return to their 'toall the rooms were covered. bouse. During the confusion of The children were criticized if running away to the neigh- they went to the well to carry bors, one little brother was water to the house on holidays lost for three days. After an orShabbos, agonizing search, be was The little bouses of tee finally located, safe from Krantz family and their harm. • friends were in a circle facing Pappa Krantz had come to a common yard. The children America several years before, moved back and forth among with the three oldest sons. So the houses, and often the the family of Mrs. Krantz,. uncles and cousins and friends Jennie and the three younger shared meals and holidays. brothers struggled on their The women worked day and own with some help from the night before Pesach, cooking grandparents and uncles.

They went to Sunday market to buy fish and meat, sold from wagons by Jewish peddlers. The matzoh was home-baked in a few common homes, each household bringing its own flour, OS was the custom. They made kugaleh, matzoh balls, soup, gefilte fish. The men made their own wine and liquor. The Seder meal Included veal, beef, potatoes and an assortment of vegetables such as beets, peas, carrots and cabbage. ' No matter how spare their tables may have been for regular meals, at Seder tune, the meal was as plentiful as possible. They ate and sang until the wee hours. But the times weren't always so joyous. The plans to join Papfia

Mrs. Veitzer Krantz in Omaha bad been in the pmUng (or many " H H ^ N when reports of a terrible (Continued on Page 10)

SETTING THE SEOIR TABLE perhaps pomegranate, mixed with cinnamon and wine to symbolize the mortar and clay-witb which the Hebrews did tbelr grueling work. 5. KARPAS— parsley, celery, or any vegetable, to be dipped In salt water and eaten at

On the seder table, before the bead of the house, three matzot, specially baked for seder use, are put on a large plate and covered with a doth. On a tray or seder plate nearby, set these things in the position shown: .'-.••' i.Z"ROA—the roasted shank bone of a chicken, symbol of the paschal lamb that was roasted and eaten on the seder night inTemple days. X BETZAH — an egg, hard-boiled and roasted, to symbolize the festive seder meal in Jerusalem of old, provided by another lamb slaughtered In ' theTempieT"

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8. MAROR — bitter herbs, horseradish or (preferably) romalne lettuce, (whose roots are bitter) to; denote the bitter suffering of .the Hebrews. . .4. HAROSET — .chopped apple and nuts and.

6. HAZERET— ground horseradish or romalne lettuce, to be eaten with matzah In a sandwich later in the seder. 7. SALTWATER— to dip the karpas into (see 5). Some put the salt water dish on the sederplate. A complete selection of Passover foods is available at Hinky Dinky. Also large farmfresh eggs, the finest fruits and vegetables,. klcbel, macaroons, and candies for your sweet holiday. s

Happy Passover

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April 14,1976

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ThaJewWi Press

April 14.1978

Always A Sense of Unease:

Jennie Veitzer Recalls Revolution Ida Bernstein Recalls Her Early Years inRussia Russian walked everywhere. Twenty(Continued from Page 8) Ida Bernstein, with her coifed white hair and sparkling eyes, said softly: ' "America is a golden country. We nad it very hard when we came—I made $4 a week cutting cloth for a tailor—I was 15 years old—but I loved the day I entered this country—I blessed It every day." . in 1907 In the Russian town of Parich (near Bobruysk in the state of Minsk), Ida Gerelick was 10 years old. As Passover time drew near, she would go along with the "big women"—right after Purim—to begin baking matzoh for the whole Jewish .community. The grown-ups used to marvel over her, she says. "I used to do Just like the big women—This I remember—knead the stiff dough till ourbands were sore. And I did it as good as they did I'' The custom was for a few houses to be designatedas the baking places. Housewives would bring their own flour to the designated bouse where poor women were hired to work from 6 a.m. to 8 p.m., kneading and rolling for 50-cents a-day. Then, after all the matzoh was baked, the richer women would donate flour and take turns in shifts kneading the dough free of charge and baking the matzoh to give to the poor. Mrs. Bernstein has bittersweet memories. The town was large and bad three synagogues and several chadarim attended by all the boys. Jews were not allowed to attend public schools; Jewish girls received basic reading and writing from a tutor who came to the homes. There was always a sense of unease; talk of pogroms came and went. Ida feared policemen and drunk Russian farmers whose farms surrounded the town. If a scuffle took place between a Jew and a Gentile in the street, the police inevitably blamed the Jew of troublemaking and he was whipped in public view. : • One night the word passed through the townspeople that Czarist soldiers were on their way, and Ida's father stood all night by the gate, guarding it with a heavy stick in his hand. The trouble never materialized. Yet the special moments like Passover stay with her as sweet memories. "We had to kasher the whole house. Everything from the kitchen taken outside to the yardbenches, tables—everything. They were scraped and scrubbed and boiling waterwas poured over everything. "All the pots and pans and dishes were put away and the Pesacb ones put out. The kitchen was painted every year—they were worried maybe a piece of dough might be stuck to the wall. Then everything was brought back into the kitchen and after all this cleaning and scraping we placed boards on top of everything! • / -• "We took the silverware outside and scraped it and polished it. Then we took it to the bath house where a special pit had been filled with hot stones to make the water boll, and we boileditout." Her voice becomes nostalgic. "It was my favorite time—I always wished ltjvrould never end. My mother and I and my listen waited at home for my father and brothers to come back {mm shuland Erev Pesacb, We were all dressed up in our very best And then we had our Seder." . « After the ceremony, .they ate'the traditional foods— gefilte fish, chicken, meat, vegetables and fruit. Ida's mother had' cooked all day before Seder and long into the night. Only a few things could be prepared ahead, because the only refrigeration was a big hole dug into the basement floor. gven after coming to America, it was a long time before Fcsfich became a coir.plctcly hsppy time. .The first two years were in New York. Only Ida and her father were there, and Mr. Gerelick did not have a Job. After Ida progressed-from cloth-cutter to draper at $20 a "week, she supported the whole family. Before her mother and sisters and brothers came to New York the second year, she spent Passover with the cousins with whom she'was living in a poor flat near Hester Street. "I always said through all those years," she says seriously,

pogrom swept through pointing a finger, "It's gonna be better—tomorrow will be Cbumsk. The year was* 1920. better. I learned so hard that whatever I do, I have to do it for Without looking back and myseii—Boonewiiiuoiifuruic." "" without taking a thing with And yet they were free and they always had enoughtooat." them, the Krantzes and many The opportunity to work hard and be whatever, you chose was .others ran away to a little exhilarating. • • ' ' .... <own 30 miles west. A sister married in New York and moved to Omaha, writing They stayed there for back that things looked good for making a good living. The s e v e r a l , months until family moved in 1914. After one week, Ida rented a house on 24th arrangements were made for Street where the family lived and she opened a.dressmaker them to emigrate to Warsaw, shop. She was just 18. . from there to Amsterdam and Mr. Gerelick peddled from a horse and wagon, using his then to America. sharp business sense to locate buyers and sellers for everything The reunion was joyful. from wagon wheels to property. The holiday celebrations were The family settled on 22nd not joyful in those days. and Charles. Pappa Krantz But before a decade passed, hard work bad brought a was making a small living in a measure of success. There was a marriage to Jacob Bernstein, secondhand store. Life was children, a new bouse on 19th Street. Seders finally became . meager at first—Jennie went festive family celebrations, with Ida herself putting out to work in a cracker factory, beautiful Pesach dishes, cooking and baking-althougb now she packing crackers Into boxes. boughtbermatzoh! • ' • ] • • But she was happy. All the "Everybody was selling matzoh in those days to make a family were happy. Jennie little money. Everybody was calling you—I couldn't say no—I remembers . her mother had to give a little business to everybody. It was expected. I saying: bought wine from the Rabbi, candles and sometimes homemade . "It is so wonderful that we schmaltz and. horseradish from one widow, and spread my are here. We have to kiss the matzoh order around among the other widows as best as I could. stones every day. We are so Because I couldn't say no, I had to buy so much that I had it for a thankful." year!" • Later on would come Jen, The matzoh order came to the Bernstein house in horse and nie's marriage to Nathan wagon, often down unpaved streets. A far cry from today's Veitzer, and times would get modern life, but a far cry from that 10-year-old In Parich, better—Krantz' and Veitzer Russia, kneading matzoh and running away from the Czarlst would go into the Junk bupolice. siness. The good years began for Ida Bernstein; she continued to Life in Omaha In 1921 meant work in her shop for many years and her husband prospered, wood-burning stoves, blocks of too. ice in a cabinet for a She forms the strong, traditional tie between the refrigerator, horse drawn generations with her spirit and generosity, as she prepares, wagons. The women washed today atage81,forberSeder. clothes by hand and heated the —BarbaraSlmon iron on the stove. Everyone

fourth Street, north and south, was the center of commerce. . For a family that had spent most of its life in a rural Russian town, not knowing when the next hoard of soldiers would sweep through, life was beautiful: "We were happy," smiles Jennie Veitzer. "Wedidn't have anything, and we were happy. We* ' weren't afraid anymore." They set about preparing their first Omaha Seder, Omaha fashion. They had their chickens killed by a shochet In a nearby kosher butcher shop, and they ordered their matzoh over the telephone. Now, matzoh meal came in a box, making the baking of Passover cookies and cakes easier. But the oven was "burned out" as before and the house spotlessly cleaned. The table was set with Passover dishes. . That year, the reading of the Hagaddah had unique' meaning: they themselves iwerefree. TREATMENT T h e V e t e r a n s Administration treats more than 1.1 million patients in 171 hospitals each year.* Domjciliary and nursing home care is provided for another. 30,000 patients.

Passover Greetings

Ida Bernstein

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Aprll14.1976

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April 14.1978

ThaJewbhPraw

Incle Jake Recall "Uncle" Jake Splesberger the bouse to kill the rhfrfrfff will be 100 years old in June, and geese. He alto performed the fHwirniHri/nw (or the 10 1976. He remembers clearly the Jewish families there. Passover meals be had with "In my family,, Passover his mother and father, four was a big affair," said Uncle sisters and one brother in Jake. "We observed the OrKeokuk, Iowa, as a young boy. thodox customs while my We get a glimpse of life in the - father was alive. And then we 25 years before this century. turned toward the Reform practices." "We always had a goose," he said. "It was well-rendered In 1861, Jake's father, and then we had the grib- Mayer, traveled to America benes, too." from Sembach, Germany, The sbochet, whose name with bis wife and four was Bennett Hearst, came to brothers-in-law to join his

father-in-law In Philadelphia. A business opportunity brought the elder Splesberger to Keokuk, where Jake was born in 1876. Mayer, with a horse and wagon, began selling needles and thread, calico and denim to farmers.

bought at least three hats a year. In Jake's boyhood they bad no toilets, no electricity, a wooden tub in the kitchen for baths (one pail hot water to two cold). Water was pumped from a well.

His business grew into a prosperous millinery company;'M. Splesberger & Sons. It distributed plain felt hats and all the trimmings—velvet ribbon, feathers, beads—.to bat shops for miles around. Every well-dressed woman

The Jewish families in Keokuk had.a small temple, but no permanent rabbi. For the High Holidays, a student would come from Cincinnati to conduct services. Little by little, the Jewish families moved away.

The Sptesberger dan: standing, from left, Cora S. Wolf, Nathan, Jake, Rose S. Appel,HatUeS.Cohn. Sitting, from left, BeckleS. Treller, Fannie (their mother) and Mayer Splesberger.

Jewish QuizBox By Rabbi Dr. Samuel J. Fox QUESTION: Why to the Sabbath before Panover referred to at "ShabbotHagidol," the Great 8abbatb? ANSWER: There ore a variety of reasons offered for this terminology. Some claim that it was called by this name because the "great" personality of the synagogue (I.e., the rabbi) would speak on this day. The idea was that rabbis would not preach except (or two Sabbaths of the year and this Sabbath before Passover was one of them because the laws of Passover were then explained to the congregation. Others claim that this Sabbath was considered the "Great Sabbath" because during the Exodus from Egypt (be Paschal lamb was taken and assigned for each family on the tenth of the month, which was a Sabbath that year. Since the Egyptians considered the lamb to be holy and did not object when the Hebrews assigned lambs for slaughter, It was considered a "great" event which marked the beginning el Independence for the formerly enslaved Hebrews. QUESTIONS: Why do pious Jews (way In prayer? ANSWER: Several reasons are advanced for this custom. The mystics base It upon a statement In the Zohar, where the Biblical quotation "The soul of man Is the candle of the Lord" is mentioned as a basis for this practice. Others explain this as meaning that a Dame Is alive only as long as it flickers. The swaying Jew In prayer indicates that his soul Is alive and thriving. Once a holy word of prayer is uttered bis spirit has been kindled and flickers like a flame Another opinion connects this custom with a quotation from the Psalms where it is mentioned "All my bones shall proclaim.. ."This Is taken as an indication that prayer is much more than mere Up service. A man's whole body and soul is Involved in his communication with the Almighty. The swaying, then, tivolves the whole of the person in prayer.

The Jewish Press Published weekly on Friday By the Jewish Federation of Omaha Stanford Lipsey Paul Alperson Press Cimmrttee Co-Chairmen

Richard B. Peart

Judith Marburg

Barbara Simon

Editor

Assistant

Staff Write*

Suzanne Somberg

Debi Jo Abrams

Advertising Staff Second Class Postage Paid at Omaha, Netor. Annual Subscription $8.50 Advertising Rates on application. Tht Jawbfi Pr»»s H not rwponjible for the Kntvuth of «ny produa or esuMnhmam Publication Office: 333 So. 132nd St., Omah«, Nebr. 68154. Phone: 3344200 • far a l i w i m «ndadnrtMngoop» la noon Monday.

Jake's father died In 1896, When the growing city of Omaha's Chamber- of Commerce offered to move the entire millinery company—IS families and employees—to Omaha at no charge in 1899, they accepted. The Chamber knew that the successful business would be good for Omaha. M. Splesberger k Sons thrived on 10th and Farnam Streets. At one time they had 18 salesmen, each often covering 35,000-40,000 miles a year selling untrimmed hats and trimmings. Jake had sold on the road too, beginning at age 13 back in Keokuk, by loading two big trunks full of hats and trimmings on the back of a wagon. In those days he earned $15 a month. Uncle Jake became an active member of the Reform Jewish Community In Omaha. He Joined Temple Israel on 24th and Harney and took part In the building drive for the Park Avenue Temple, as well as the one (or the 69th and Cass building. In 1914 Jake Splesberger moved Into the house he had begun building the year before at 5114 Underwood. He lives there today—after 67 years. He chuckles when be remembers a happy Incident from a Passover long ago in Keokuk. "My father always hid the matzoh somewhere In the house. It was the chlldrens'

Uncle Jake Photo)

today.

(JP

most exciting game—to hunt (or the matzoh. The winner got a lovely gift for a prize In those days—either a watch or a ring or some other piece of jewelry. Those were good times and good days. Life was hard and we worked hard." Jake Splesberger's life spans nearly two halves of two centuries. He took part in the growth of the cities and towns of this area. He is a living example of one aspect of the history of American J e w r y - f r o m s e t t l e r to peddler, to businessman, to community participant. Hall to Uncle Jake I — Barbara Simon.

Marv Treller: There Were No Sorrows Then By Barbara Simon Memories of old-time Omaha are ones of pleasant ease for Marvin Treller. He c a m e here from Blythesville, Arkansas, with bis parents at age 4 hi 1904. His father had had a successful dry goods and grocery store in BlythesvUle. His Uncle Nate Splesberger, who was his mother's brother, asked Mrs. Treller to take over the care of his three young children — twin girls and a son — after his (Nate's) wife died. Nate was part of the m i l l i n e r y firm of M. Splesberger and Sons with Jake Splesberger. Marv's tether thus Joined the company and the Trailer family moved up to Omaha to start a new life at 3010-Mason Street. A year or two later, the Trailers bought a house at 36th and Farnam, which they shared with Uncle Nate and the children. Marv entered first grade at Park School and remembers a childhood of playing, picnics and dose family living. The "clan" lived within a few blocks of one another, with Uncle Jake nearby. When the Trailers moved to a large house at 36th and Dodge, Marv's cousin and best friend, Bud Wolf, lived next door. There was a large' yard between the two houses with a beautiful arbor where the" whole family ol cousins, aunts

from 1905-1907. Mrs. Treller groceryshopped at small stores in the neighborhood or else the butcher or grocer would telephone In the morning for the order, which was delivered later In the day. l By 1810 or 1812 the Trailers' house was equipped with a gas stove and their first car was parked on the street Mrs. Treller. had household help and the family went toSundsy matlwfs st the Orphans Theater.

Marv Trailer and uncles gathered for family meals in good weather. "When I was that age," rwntni«iv»« Marv, "there were never any sorrows." Bud and be rode bicycles, played with ' electric trains and went to the park. For holidays such as P a s s o v e r , Mrs. Treller divided the cooking and preparing with Mrs. Wolf, her sister, and the whole family celebrated the Seder together. They bought matzoh for the whole clan by the case. The •'Kellers were active Temple Israel members, joining before the Temple moved to Park Avenue from 24th and Harney. Nate Splesberger was Temple Congregational President

In later yean the family sometimes went V> Lake Okobojl for (he summer or took tram trips to Colorado. During World Wai I. Marv's father strongly urjed him to attend military school In place of high school, m that If another war came along, be would be called u$> as an officer. He attended Kemper Military Academy in BoonVlUe, Missouri. As it turned out, he resigned his commission, returning to Omaha to work when bis father died. When World War II came, he Joined as an enlisted man. He was at that tune traveling for Spiesberger Millinery Company and felt strongly about Jews doing their part hi the war. Looking back today, Marv Trailer remembers much that was good, but also some that was bid. But, as will happen, sometimes the bad provided

the Impetus for good. For Instance, there was the time back when Marv was a young man, after the time his family and relatives bad become established. His father had the leisure to play golf and attend parties with Jewish and Gentile friends. Life was at Us best, for the most part The exception occurred one day when the eider Treller and three friends were playing golf In Elmwood Park. Someone duffed a shot and suddenly, anti-Semitism reared Its ugly head. "You s -si You don't belong on the golf course I" someone yelled. The Jewish foursome was so angry that, on the same day, they rounded up 20 men — Treller and Spiesberger among them -- and raised thti money to buy the land thai today Is the Highland Country Club. They wanted io assure Omaha's le*st of a place where Uiey could spend their leisure time without catcalls and Insults. For the Trailers, the new world of Omaha In the early century offered — after years of hard work — more than some Jews had ever dreamed was possible. Of course, It wasn't a paradise. But Marv Trailer thinks his boyhood was close to it.

BottiLfig Co. of Omaha

PM»M

April 14,1978

Abe Venger:

Max Venger

Abe Venger

By Barbara Simon •."" and Rlcbard Pearl Like other rapidly growing cities of America in the late 1800s, Omaha was a magnet for the Eastern European Jewish immigrant, if only because he was more likely to find more of bis fellow immigrants here than in smaller towns. In an Omaha, be would be more likely to find others who shared his Jewish-traditional living style — the kosher butcher, the shul, the Jewish school for his children. Together, the Jewish immigrants would help each other live Jewishly while building for themselves new lives in the new country. Of course, this attitude wasn't held by everyone. While Omaha and its large Jewish population bad its attractions, smaller communities in outstate Nebraska had their* appeal, t o o :

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Such was the case,.in the early years, for the Venger family — Max and his wife and their children, Elizabeth, Mo and Abe. The big city of Omaha didn't Hold much for them—not at first.

Ah Omaha Merchant Recalls The Early Days in Outstate Nebraska shochet to kill and then send back to them. Max and Mrs. Venger perienced a range of reactions from their neighbors. Some went often to Fremont for Yom Klppur and Rosh Hashanah, openly resented the Vengers' separateness and "unusual" sometimes taking-Elizabeth, Mo and Abe. They simply closed customs; most, however, openly and warmly accepted the family and took the boys into their homes as friends'— almost as the storeand made the trip of around 100 miles. • • • For Pesacb, the Vengers made a full Seder — with matzoh relatives. Max Venger was always consulted on town business, and the and other items shipped to them by Rabbi- Grodzinsky in Omaha. Often, the Vengers invltedjhelr Gentile friends and ' family had the feeling generally that it was respected and admired. neighbors to share Passover. A big flood in 1916 washed out the only bridge which linked To prepare for Pesach, Mrs. Venger went through the traditional house cleaning, bringing out all the Pesadik dishes, the large farming area south of Genoa to the town. For some pots and pans. The night before the First Seder, she performed reason, the bridge was not rebuilt, and the farmers traveled to the ritual of scattering crumbs around the house and then Sllverton to shop. gathering up all the chometz and burning it, thus signifying that The Vengers lost enough business that they moved their every crumb had been removed. Abe noted that if there were a store to Merna, Neb. in 1918, remaining there for six yean. Abe rabbi in the town, they would sell the chometz to him, according by that time had finished high school and so Joined his father, to tradition. . brother and sister in the store. ' With all children now coming of age, marriage-wise, the' These were the "growing-up" years for young Abe, and he watched and learned. In addition, he was always thinking how to Vengers especially yearned to be in a large Jewish community. make a little pocket money for himself. Even though his father In 1924, they sold the Merna store and moved to Omaha, thinking ; was doing well enough in Uie store, Abe wanted to earn his own only that it would be a short-term stopping point on their way to a permanent home In Florida, where Mrs.- Venger had always money. •. By the time he was 12 and 13, he was hanging around the dreamed of living. But plans for Florida never worked out, so the boys and railroad depot in Genoa, which was an important stop for freight ' and traveling salesmen out of Columbus. One day, Abe took a their father bought an Omaha' business, the .Omaha Tobacco cart along and began caddying the salesmen's suitcases from . Company, from a man named Finkelsteln. the train station to the hotel. For that, he earned himself a dollar As things worked out, the new venture soon would provide a a*week. Later, he added sho£shinlng to his services, and he also test of the business savvy that young Abe had gained out on the mopped the hotel lobby's floor, earning another dollar a week. Nebraska prairies: • It seems that, after a few years, the Omaha Tobacco His early efforts also included a shortlived venture In the fast-food business: buying coldcuts from the local butcher shop, Company bad begun carrying gum and candy along with its making sandwiches and hawking them on the depot platform. cigars and cigarettes. But among the candy, buyers were a few But the Barclow Co., which had the food concession on the who were against tobacco In general. Said one woman, "We, , never would buy anything from a tobacco company." ' ' trains, complained and he was forced to stop. • He gamed experience as a farmer's helper, too. During the Abe met the challenge. Applying his well-developed summer weeks of his early teen years, he'd stay on a'neigh- business sense, he changed the company name to M. Venger and boring farm to work in the fields, reluming home for the Sab- Sons, expanded the candy and notion lines and the company was bath. He'd be up at 4 a.m., feed and harness the horse and then well on its way to becoming one of the major Omaha distributors walk behind it all day while it pulled a tiller through the planted of candy, notions, sundries—and tobacco products': rows, pulling up weeds. , So it was that Abe Venger came to the bigger city — a young He also shocked and stacked wheat at the fall harvest. man with the rather unique experience of having grown up There were no machines then, just people walking through the Jewishly In small farm towns.'He arrived in Omaha with his Orthodox traditions intact — a tribute to his parents, who cut wheat, picking it of f the ground and putting it in bundles. As the only Jewish family for miles, the Vengers ex- celebrated those traditions against the odds.

. Aveazer Venger — or Max, as he was called — came to America in 1897 from Blalstok in Russian Poland. His first stop was New York, where he Joined some brothers and sisters. They all sewed in the lofts of buildlngsuear Hester Street. The World's •. ..' Max Venger didn't like it there — maybe because there was too much crowding, too much harshness to life. At any rate, an Oldest-Newest older brother had heard, through landskelt, that there were Health Spa opportunities out west — in Fremont, Nebraska, to.be specific— ISRAEL - In 1947 the oldest and so Max followed him there. known preserved documents, At that time, Fremont had a small Jewish community of about 25 families. It had its own shul and shochet. The people the Dead Sea Scrolls, were found by the Dead Sea, where could maintain Jewish tradition, Jewish II vlng. When Max arrived, hefoundthatjnany of Fremont's Jewish the dfyness of the climate -immigrants were peddling, so he got a pack and, because he enabled the scrolls to resist spoke good Polish and Bohemian, he went out and sold many decay for 2,000 years. Today the Dead Sea region goods to the Polish fanners around Fremont At first, be sold socks and underwear, thread and cloth. For is one of the newest and finest , awhile, be peddled on foot A little later, he had enough money : health spas in the world, acfor a horse and wagon and he soon increased his territory and cording to an Israeli tourist release. Four hotels; all built ": B a t e s . ' ...• . " •' '.. ".. : •.: . . . •"•• With things looking better, he sent for his wife and daughter since 1970, accommodate the Jjqiizabeth (now Fried), who was then a years oFd. The family tourists who ?6 to •grew, with first Mo and thai Abe (1900) coming along. Some in search of relief from arfour or five years after the boys were born, the family moved to thritis, rheumatism, psoriasis . Norfolk, where, Max heard, a feed store was for sale. Max's and other ailments. , The high mineral content of family in Poland had been in the milling business, so he thought the feed store would be good for him. But the hauling of grain the Dead Sea and the pure dry air of the region make this a. and the other heavy labor pro ved too strenuous. Then Max heard of,a general store being up for sale in very healthful area,'the Genoa, Neb. The Vengers moved there, in 1908, becoming the therapeutic merits of which only Jewish family in the area, During the next 10 years, Max's were recognized 2,000 years fluency in Polish and Bohemian brought him much business ago when King Herod bathed there for his health. from the large settlement of farmers who lived south of town. Special 22 and 31-day tours Despite being far from shul and shochet all those years in are available'through El Al central Nebraska, the Vengers maintained a kosher home. , The' struggle to maintain Jewish tradition is perhaps Airlines and most travel exemplified in an amusing anecdote Abe Venger tells today. agents. The tour includes Several .reeks-before Pcssch in the rural areas, it was accommodations, special customary to take off grain feed any cows producing Passover meal packages, guided milk and milk products, t o do this, the Vengers arranged with a s i g h t s e e i n g s t o p s in nearby farmer to set aside one cow for grass feeding only. This, Jerusalem, Tel Aviv and the however, did not satisfy Mrs. Venger, so the Vengers finally Dead Sea region, airport transfers, plus all the benefits bought their own cow so they could watch over what it ate. Abe and his brother Mo were entrusted with pasturing the of the Dead Sea area. ' cow and milking it before they went to school. From the cow, Mrs. Venger made her own butter, cream'.cheeserahd cheeses — VDIRECT BEARING a key factor In their lives, considering the Vengers got their The booming rise in tourism kosher meat only every other week. It was shipped to Genoa by. here is expected to have a train from Omaha — a distance of around 130 miles, no short direct positive bearing on the distance in those days*. acquisition of permanent The Vengers raised their own chickens for eggs and poultry. homes in Israel by overseas They crafedUie live.chlckens and sent them to Fremont /qrjhe, t .Jewishfamjhes..,'.'/,['.,,l..

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April 14,1976

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Apr! 14.1976

yfl SonRemembers His Father And The Times

Fortunate To Be Free And Not Fear By Barbara Simon and Richard Pearl Grodzinsky. ; For much of Omaha Jewry at the turn of the century— Indeed, fbr.many today—that was tbe name: Grodzinsky. It meant Rabbi Henry Grodzlnsky, the scholar, tbe author, the teacher and the first Orthodox rabbi in Omaha. A man to whom the "huddled masses" of Emma Lazarus' great poem looked when they crossed the Missouri into the burgeoning city that was Omaha in the late 1890's and early 1900's. He was the rabbi who helped the newcomers get settled hi tbe new country and also helped them maintain -their traditional ways. ' But he was more than thajt-^ be was a rabbi of world-class stature, an author of books read around the globe. In the story of his death at age 90 in 1947, tbe Jewish Press of Jan. 9,1948 said he "was one of the most colorful personalities in Jewish life, being known as one of the greatest scholars of his day and a Torah giant' in

true rabbinic tradition of the p a s t . ; ; " . '.'. But even so. Rabbi Grodzinsky was a man among the masses because his story-was like theirs hi that he, too; was a newcomer. He had come to Omaha from Lithuania In 1891 and so be understood their problems. , And he also celebrated their joys.. He celebrated the holiday of Passover in all its reclining, resplendent glory, He dressed for the holiday In his klttel-a long, white ceremonial gown—and he had a special velvet pillow to place behind his back on this night so that he might recline, as his forefathers did when they came "out of the land of Egypt, out of the house of bondage.1' ". ., "That First Seder was not for their ancestors, but for them. It was their freedom— that's what it emphasized," says William (Bill) qrodinsky, sixth-of Rabbi Grodzinsky's seven children. Tbe Rabbi read from the same |n Omaha that be

" H i e Sedorun was a big It was their most favorite thing. It was a real festival," celebration-they waited for It says Grodinsky, referring to and they looked forward to it. congregants hi his father's Born hi OmSha 1894, Bill synagogue, which was once and his brothers and sisters located at 24th and Nicholas lived at 13th and Pacific until Streets. Passover, he said, 1908. He went to Pacific School "really meant a lot to and had a Hebrew studies everybody at that time. tutor daily after school. "There was a strong feeling The neighborhood was of celebration, not only hi our crowded but cosmopolitan— bouse but in all the houses. "I'd say there were all the Most of the heads of- ethnic groups hi a radius of 12 jbouseholds had come from blocks of us," he says today. Russia or other parts of Bill remembers playing ball Eastern Europe. Of course, and ' running games In the the first Jews in Omaha were s t r e e t with the other • probably Reform Jew's from youngsters. He recalls that, Germany, but others came while "we didn't live very here and while they-had lavishly" there was always hardships—it was never easy enough to eat. His father was transplanting themselves busy with the community and from one culture Into "spent all of his spare time another—they nevertheless . writing those books" felt very fortunate to be here, His mother, Bertha, spent to be free and not have to fear her day grocery-shopping— : a lot of things..., food could be kept only a short "In the preparations, in time in an icebox. She cooked everything, there was really a on a coal-burning stove and feeling of peace and gratitude washed clothes in a wooden tub with a washboard. The to the Almighty." Grodinsky (the "z" was water for the tub bad to be dropped) said that "almost heated in large kettles on tbe every bead of the household in stove and the laundered those days leaned and wore a clothes were then hung out on U t t e l . . . We always bad non- long clotheslines across the members of the family Join yard.. Rabbi Henry Grodzlnsky the Seder with us. Sometimes ' Either Mrs. Grodzlnsky or they were- strangers, but the children would walk to the the pan—also a ritual from the that all the chometz bad been mostly they were friends that butcher for meat and then past. The house was cleaned, removed. we had that were single and stood and waited while the from top to bottom and BUI, of course, became a were living by themselves." Ehochet killed their chicken. . chometz was , locked hi a lawyer—I don't think tbe The children back then At Pesach, all the dishes separate room. Crumbs were rabbinate appealed to me." Joined eagerly in the ex- were changed and those sprinkled on a windowslll, But be'.maintained Jewish citement of preparing for utensils that were not changed then gathered In and burned in tradition in bis life and be kept Passover, recalls Grodinsky. were boiled with hot rocks hi the furnace. This signified , '(CqntlnuedonPagelS)

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A Son Remembers His Father And The Times (Continued from Page 15) alive his father's memory in an extraordinary way: he oversaw the moving of bis father's last synagogue, B'nai Jacob, from its location at 24th and Nicholas to its present place at 3028 Ctuning. "It was an old stucco building," said Grodinsky. "I didn't think they could move it." The mow was made for two reasons: "The Orthodox Jews were going away" from the 24th and Nicholas area at that time around 20 years ago— "not to Dundee and the west part of the dty, but to Lincoln Boulevard a block north of Cumlng. A large number of' synagogue members lived on that street," be said. The other—and probably more pressing—reason was, that the site at 24th and Nicholas bad been condemned for the new

Contacts Made BRUSSELS (JTA* Belgium has established regular contacts with the PLO representatives In Brussels, t h e F o r e i g n Ministry spokesman' announced here. The spokesman said these contacts were between senior officials of the Ministry 'and the PLO representatives serving as observers to the European organizations and -other international bodies here.

Matzoh Cover Is Greenberg Passover Heirloom A beautiful Passover treasure that dates from about 1896 is a matzoh cover belonging to Caryl and Barton (Bucky). Greenberg. It was handmade by Caryl's paternal grand-

mother, Mrs. Mayer (Yettie) Bercovicl, in Petrov Namci, Roumanla. It was for her trousseau and she hand-stitched and embroidered It In'the months before her wedding there.

Mrs, Bercovlci used it all through the years for her own Seders. Then her son — Caryl's father, Moses — used it in his family's Seders. It was passed on to Caryl for her family's Passovers.

Bin Grodinsky KeUom School. " I t was a healthy congregation, good-sized," says Bill, who has served as a leader for many years. Today, its membership is about 75 families, including younger couples "Who keep up their membership in devotion to and in memory of their parents" even though they themselves do not regularly attend services- there. The Spiritual leader is Rabbi Abraham Eisensteln, Grodinsky himself has a dual membership—in B'nal Jacob Adas Yeshuron and also In Beth El Synagogue. , Today, at age. 81, Grodinsky is "still practicing law,. He arrives every morning at the offices of Kutak, Rock at around 8:30 a.m. and leaves at 5 p.m. :His life—and that of his father-are part of the story of Omaha.

The matzoh cover to a fringed, 14-inch square of burgundy velvet. Embroidered in the center with tiny cross-stitches are many pink, red and white flowers. The traditional Hebrew letters are a border, stitched in green thread. The scalloped edges of the cover are decorated with bronzecolored thread fringes and tiny, bronze-colored metal rings. Caryl used the cloth until recent years. It is now framed and hangs in the Greenbergs' dining room as a handsome wall piece. Although Caryl's grandfather had a small shop in Omaha in 1902 and took his place among the hundreds of struggling newcomers, it appears that. In Roumanla, the couple lived comfortably. Photos show them in the. fashionable dress of the day. . . ' • - • '

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The existence of a beautiful piece of bandwork such as this matzoh cover might indicate a lifestyle which-allowed the time for fulfilling the desire to create beautiful things. .

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Of Matzoh Balls and Charoseth (Or, Cabbages and kings) By David Lazarus "AND YOU SHALL RECOUNT ' IT AS THOUGH IT HAPPENED TO YOU, YOURSELF. EACH ONE OF YOU SHALL RECITE IT AND REMEMBER IT, AS THOUGH HE HIMSELF WENT OUT OF THE LAND OF EGYPT TOGETHER WITH MOSES AND AARON, AND WITH MIRIAM, TOGETHER WITH JOSHUA AND CALEB." This is the statement -that has been repeated year after year, by all Jews, In all generations. What Jew can hear those words—said at the Seder table set by bis mother, presided over by his father—and -not recall a-sense of uplift, a feeling of glory, an awareness of Belonging? -He bears those words and again ' he carries his knapsack oh his shoulder, containing, all his worldly possessions, as be takes his place in the long line of Israelites who had been finally rescued and redeemed from Egyptian bondage, from the savage culture that bad been based upon' their enslavement. .

And so again, in every year, as almost In every generatjon, he , arises to go out to another freedom, often escaping from still another affliction of oppression— and-threatened, if not actual, slaughter of hi* People. Each Jew contains within his -Bund tbe rofinory of his own Passovers. There Is an unbroken chain of them, that extend back Into his own childhood. Iknow that there to in mine. And so, If I now recount some of my own , .memories, perhaps I "Will turn around the opening sentence, and paraphrase upon it, when I say that if I do recount from my own personal memories of Pesachs' past and gone, tbe recounting may be a Und of recital of the Pesachs that have happened to others, at least of my own American ajf-nrratlop. So I now recount my ' memories,as though they happened to aD. .

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We lived In the Kellom Grade School district of Omaha. That means that r e a-ere surrounded by Jewish neighbors. To recite the list of ' their names would be to proclaim the ylcfaesi of Omaha Jewry, the stalwarts who made and shaped our community, who successfully entered the mainstream of America, enriching the society and economy and culture of Omaha at large.

Unquestionably, Omaha Is the better and richer because of their Jewish contributions to it. Pesach meant many things to us who- lived" within tbe orbit ofs Kellom School. It meant we didn't attend school the first two days. During Choi ha'Mo'ed we returned, but even during those days. It seemed that school was marking time for our full return. One of our teachers. Miss Ellen, Rosen, a beautiful, young, red-' beaded Swedish girl who taught -fourth grade, always used to declare.that her better students • came from Jewish homes. Why? "Because she learned early that

.this reminiscence• a native Omahan, returned to Omaha after a fulltlme career in in. surance in Cleveland. He has been writing some of the Old Timers'Columns in the Jewish Press and carves large mezuzot out of wood as time

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borne, and Inculcated In their children, a sense of respect for the teacher, a sense of urgency for study. It was not for nothing we were called the People of the Book. We became, in America, the People of r many, many books! Books of medicine, of law, of accounting, i books of dentistry, of business administration. ANQ of the Torah, of the Talmud. The proudly instituted Hebrew school at 2lst and Butt, our Talmud Torah, gave us excellent instruction In the Jewish knowledges. Perhaps 90 per cent of our Senior Citizens' Club, of our ' Old TlmersVClub, received their indoctrinatioh into Jewish learning in that hallowed Cheder. Do we not remember that each Pesach meant a new suit of clothes for each child? And a pah- of new shoes, and likely, a new hat, and shirts? Didn't each Jewish child almost nave three birthdays every year, when he received such a stream of gifts, usually of quite practical use and value, at'Rosh Hashanah, at Pesach, and on his actual birthday? And that meant trips downtown, either to Hay den Brothers store, or across tbe street to their competitor, Brandejs—always for clothing too large to fit right then, but into which we would be expected to grow? -1 can't remember a suit of clothes that fit asc new, until I got to college. Before then, I grew so fast that none of it ever wore o u t it was swiftly Just too small for roe. But, no matter the oversize of, the coat and pants of the suit. Tbe waist of the pants could be drawn morejlghtly with a belt, and being knickers, they just drooped a bit longer and lower at the knees.

Jewish Quiz Box By RabbiDr. Samuel J. Foot QUESTION: Why U the proclamation, "This is the bread of affliction" recited In Aramaic Instead of Hebrew? • ANSWER: When this proclamatin was composed, the Jews were using the'Aramaic language as the speech of the street, being under the Influence of the Babylonians. Since it is somewhat of an Invitation, pains were taken to make sure that it was recited in the vernacular so that all would understand it and feel welcome to join the host at his table. . There are some who claim that since the matzoh referred to In this declaration represents the bread of affliction in a strange land (while later in the Haggadah it represents the. bread of freedom that the Israelites ate en their way cut of Egypt), its meaning was expressed in the vernacular used "in the Jewish-state of exile rather than the pure Hebrew used in the Promised Land as the official language. ' ,-"".. QUESTION: Why is the second cup of wine poured soon after the kiddush, although it Is not drunk until much later In the evening, after mttcb of the Haggadah has been recited? ' . ANSWER: The function of the wine Is not only to have it drunk by the people reciting the Hflggadnh. The purpose of the wine li to have (he praises offered to the Almighty recited over wine rslmilar to our secular practlceofofferlnga toast). The Haggadah contains many praises to the .Almighty. Thus it is recited over the wine and is thus related to the wine. There are some people who therefore insist upon holding the wine cup in hand throughout the Haggadah. Others, at least, hold the cup during the recitation of the Halle) Psalms.

kids invited to the blmeh, there to sip from a cup of raisin wine from the hands of tbe little red-beaded shammes, Mr. Mendelsohn, and then borne to our own Seder. Why is it, even today, that H hardboiled eggs in a dish of salt9 water can taste- good, even ex||l citing, ONLY at a Seder? Try them E l BsBW^/-fl that way at any other time of the H year—they will taste flat and H uninteresting. But at the" Seder this S simplest of fare becomes a symbol , B of rebirth, of. delight, almost of H ecstasy.The Seder Itself.. .how can one describe it? How can one harness emotions, and compress them DavidLazarus within oral phrases that will completely capture the Joy, and number of other such en- contain the pleasure, of a Seder? trepreneurs who sought' to Can we depict in words the quiet prepackage Pesach products as excitement of our parents In their had never before been done in the recital of the prayers and praises, European and Russian ghettos. our litany of thanksgiving to the -K My parents always bought a One Who, with an Outstretched bushel or two of purple concord- arm and with a Mighty Hand, grapes In the autumn of the year, - rescued us,from the enslavement and squeezed them into a huge of our bodies, and only seven crockery jug. This was to be our weeks later, at Slnal, would homemade Pesadlckeh wine. • - propose to us redemption of our Six months later, It was a wine minds and spirits from paganism's that would delight the heart and fleshpots? "We shall do, and we befuddle the mind of anyone who shall hear!"—that was how we dared more than the prescribed replied to that Great Proposal.. four cups of it at the Seder. Neither But the Seder at our family table Manlscbewitz nor Mogep David, went on and on. To us, as little those successful commerclalizers children, sometimes It teemed to of the vintners' ancient art, have go on endlessly. Was If because we ever approached the heavenly _were to small, and our attention taste of the wine my parents made span was so short? „ for our Seders, And I surmise thai Was It because,, even before the your own parents' home-made fourth cup of wine, we had grown wine was on a par with ours! sleepy and our eyelids drooped In An early mmcha and a kiddush anticipation of 6ed? ei tbe LiMshe shul, end the little .* The sumptuous meal,- with its

One consoling benefit was that the pockets were Iarger>able to hold more of the Pesadlckeh nuts—hazelnuts—and during Pesach the boys used to play marbles with them. The nuts rolled awkwardly, never In a straight, predictable course, and thus pur "marble" games during Pesach offered a chancey unpredictability that lent a higher, exciting risk to the games. And, It was the only time we 'plaved a game in which we could eat our winnings I We even took our hazelnuts to shul with us, and used to play tbe nutty.marble games outside, in the yard of the Lltvishe shul, at 19th and Hurt, .while our fathers davened inside. And g/im»Hm»« risking tbe stern reprimand of tbe father who bad excused us for only a few minutes, we elected to extend the recess—we lived dangerously by walking over to the Rushlshe shut, at 18th and Chicago, to search for hazelnut players with lesser shooting skill, from whom we might win more nuts to eat. And sometimes those lads had skills equal to ours, or greater, and some of them wound up eating . more than they, had come with! The balance was fairly even. Starting from perhaps a week before, our mothers had laid in an ample supply of matzoh, pur- chased from any one of a number of Jewish grocery stores in our neighborhood. Such stores spread themselves in sprawling, competitive panoply from Fishman's and Shukerts at 24th and Indiana, across Caldwell, Hamilton, Charles, Seward, Franklin, Clark, Decatur and even farther nurih. Gn'ZGui Sireei, «25 others clustered from Paul to Grace and Lake streets, Prom them the Jewish families stocked their pantries from which all chometz had carefully been removed, filled them with matron, coconut and almond macaroons, and matzah meal, from which would be made the hopefully (and usually) lighter-than-bubblei mptyoh kneidlach that floated in regal splendor in that most wonderful nectar ever devised by The macaroons, the matzoh meal and matzohs were made by Streits, or by Manlscbewitz or a

Barkai Named Prof. Haim Barkai, Associate Professor of Economics, was ' elected, Dean of the Faculty of Social Sciences at the HebrewUniversity of Jerusalem. He succeeds Prof. Shlomo Avinerl, wtio on April assumed the post of DirectorGeneral of the Ministry for Foreign Affairs. •'..

exotic foods, bad been finished. The symbolic d i s h e s - t b e charoseth; the shank bone,' scorched in ancient rite;' the matzoh; the sliver of maror, the finally successful negotiation by Pa for tbe afikomen, accompanied by the hard-cash price paid to us kids, the concluding prayers and chants and songs. And (hen that first, earliest indoctrination into Zionism that comes Into the subconscious of every Jewish child,, the mystic light that came Into the eyes of my father, reflected In the awed look on the face of my mother—a slight pause before Jhe Statement, and another pause after it, thus framing it by a special separation, and my father chanted put In his resonant baritone voice— "L'Shanah ha'ba'ab b'Yerushalayim!" "Next Year In Jerusalem I". No Natter, no Arafat, no Assad, nor any collection of them, will ever succeed in eradicating that nope, that fulfillment of the an-* dent Jewish dream, of a restored State of Israel, a reconstituted People, In thelr-in our—reborn And then, with full tummies, with happy hearts, with tired, droopy eyes) we either walked, or were carried, off to bed and peaceful sleep. Tomorrow, bright and early, teu Shul'geben I And you shall recount It as though Iftiappened to you, yourself, that you came out of Egypt together with Moses and the People of Israel. "L'Shanah ha'ba'ah b'Yerushalayim!"

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SERVICES:' • Friday: 6:45 p.m. SERVICES: Saturday: Saturday: Morning services a.m. .Morning services 8:45 a.m. • Sunday: 9 a.m. Sunday: . Monday and Tbunday:. 6:45 Morning Service: 8 a.m. a.m. :, Omaha Omaha PASSOVER SCHEDULE Tuesday, Wednesday and Candle Lighting Times and Prayers Wednesday, April 14 Friday: 7 a.m. Dr.SherHome Beth Israel lor the Passover Holiday Evening service—6:30 p.m. PASSOVER SCHEDULE SERVICES: SERVICES: Thursday, April 15 Wednesday, April 14 ' ' ~ Wednesday, April 14 .......;.............._6:44 PJ«.. Saturday: Frtdayr Morning service—8:45 a.m. • Slyum, Feast of First Born Thursday, April 15 _.......6:43-P.M. 9 a.m. Men of the cbmKabbalat - Sbibbat (early .r-6:0a.m. .; Evening service—6:45 p.m. Friday. April 16 „..„........:............6:46 P.M. munity are invited to the Sabbath Service) 6:45 p.m. Tuesday, April 20 ......._ ........V.-.......__6:51 P.M. Friday, April 16 • Evening service—7:30 p.m, No late Services. Wednesday, April 21 „.::..... ...._.^..M...6^2 P.M. Morning service—8:45 a.m. Home to make a minyan. Tnunday, April i s The following blessing is recited after kindling Conclusion of Passover Morning service—9 a.m. Saturday: PASSQVEBSCHEDULE the Festival lights: • '. . Tuesday, April 20 Evening service—6:45 p.m. Morning Service 8:45 a.m. Wednesday, April 14 ' Bo-iuch »to stdonoy, elo-bel-mi me-Iach ho-ollm Evening service—6:45 p.m. Friday, April 16 Youth Services 10 a.m. Evenlngsarvice~6p.ni/ svtber. Idd-so-na Vmibc-vo-sanv v'td-vo-na l'bad-lik, Wednesday, April 21 Morning service—9 a.m. oer shel y p m tov. - : • '.•:' • - •- •'"• . ; " . ' . - '-• First Seder Talmud Class 6:15 p.m. Morning service8:45 a.m. Evening service-6:45 a.m. Blessed are Thou, O Lord our God, King of the Mlncha Service 6:45 p.m. . Evening Service - T 6:45 Thursday, April 15 Monday, April 19 universe, who hast sanctified us by Thy commandShaloshS'eudos7:45p.m. p.m. Choi Hamoed—6:30 a.m. Evening service—6 p.m. ments, and instructed us to kindle the Festival Ma^ariv and Havdalah 7:45 Tuesday, April 20 l i g h t s . " '»• ' • / _ • . ' •' - ' '•••-•.•" Thursday, April 22 Second Seder p.m. Tne following blessing- is recited on the first Morning service and Yiskor , Choi Hamoed—6:30a.m. Families, friends and guests Sunday: . . night only: ' -•.".. "•:',." —6:45 a.m. Eventogservice-7 p.m. of the residents are invited to Bo-ruch »to mdonoy, elo-iuy-aa roelech ho-olom, Morn)ngService9a.m. \ Evening service—6:45 p.m. share the-Passover Seders at .; OdikdflWBofPassover ftbe-he-che-yo-nu, v'kl-ye-mo-nu, vOil-gi-o-nu, human Weekday: - Wednesday, April 21 the Home. Call Janet Fischer, bazeh. Morning Services 7 a.m. Morning service-9 a.m. 451-7220, for reservations. Council Bluffs Blessed are TTiou, O. Lord our Godr King of the Evening Services 6:30p.m. - Evening Bervice-6:45 p.m. universe, who has granted us life, sustained us, and B'nai Israel ' Conclusion of Pataover Thursday, April 22 enabled us to reach this festive season. PASSOVERSCHEDULE Wednesday, April 21 . Morning service and Yiskor SERVICES: - • ' ' " ' . SILENT PRAYER Wednesday, April 14 JEvenlngservice—6 p.m. , Our Father In Heaven, as I kindle these festival Saturday: 9 a.m. Evening service J - 8:30p.m. —•9 a.m.'. Thursday, April 22 Evening service—6:45 p,m. lights to grace our Holiday table, I pray fervently' Sunday: 9 a.m. FlrstSeder t h a t T h y spiritual light and peace abide in our Both services will be con- Yiskor—10 a.m. Thursday, April 15 . DesMoines family circle and home. May the spirit of holiness Eventagservice—8p.m. ducted by Mr. Sam Sacks. Morning service—8:4!fajn. and true love reign within our hearts so that Thou Children of Israel Evening service—6:45 p.m. wilt, bless us. May the spirit of freedom which we Second Seder "'.SERVICES: are commemorating always remind us of* our reFriday.Aprilie - Regular' minyan services sponsibilities to keep freedom alive. May all who Morning service—6:45 a.m. Monday and Thursday 6:45 are deprived of this privilege be granted the opportunity to become free and true children of God.— Evening service—6:45 p.m. a.m. ', Amen. Saturday, April 17-Tuesday, Saturday: —Reprinted from Beth Israel Synagogue Bulletin. April 20 Morning Shabbat Service 9 . " ONTHBHOLOCAUST Cbol Hamoed Pesach a.m. at Iowa Jewish home. Hitler, Legend, Myth and Realityby Werner Maser. New York. Harper Sunday: 9 a.m. .Omaha Conclusion of Passover Omaha and Row, 1971.433p.-Blography of Hitler based on an extensive range of Special Yahrzelt services. Tuesday, April 20 archival and private material, much of which Is revealed for the first Everyone is welcome. Beth El Temple Israel Evening service—6:45 p.m. time. ••)• • • ' ', .^ Mrs. Biber, secretary, 227Wednesday, April 21 IStrria1MB bt Mdtod» Hitler's Letters and Notes by Werner Maser. Mew York. Harper tRowT SERVICES: 8601. r.tal. UU6H.11 Friday: 6:30p.m. • Morning service—8:45 a.m. 1973.390p.-Thls first collection of Hitler's letters, notes and documents Evening service—6:45 p.ra, DesMoines makes clear what be really believed and thought and what he hoped to NoLateService achieve during the years prior to the publication of Mein Kami (1925-26). Thursday, April 22 Saturday: Friday: 8:15p.m. Temple Morning Service — 8:45 Morning Service9:30 a.m. Political violence under the Swastika by Peter Merkl. New Jersey. Rabbi Barry L. Welnsteln : • B'nai Jeshurun Sbachrit 10a.m. 'i^.- will discuss "When WillThe am. Princton University Press, 1973.735p.-A sociological, psychological and Ylskbr-r-io:qoa.m. ' behavioral study of 581 pre-lS33 Nazis who volunteered the stories of their Mlncha Ma'ariv 6:30 p.m. SERVICES: Dream Come True Again?lives !n as essay «wnf»«* organized in 1934 by » Columbia University Evening service—6:45 p.m. Friday: 8p.m. Sunday: 9a.m. Tbe Message of Passover for sociologist, Theodore Abel. Weekdays.: ; Adult-education: The Our Day". ELECTION MEETING Tbe Mythical World of Nad War Propaganda, 1839-1M5 by Jay W. Services at 7 a.m. and6p.m The congregation will elect theology of the new prayer Baird. Minneapolis. University of Minnesota Press, 1974.329p.-An acSaturday: PASSOVERSCHEDULE new members to the Beth book"Gates of Prayer", count of the development of Nad war. propaganda during World War II, Morning services 11 a.m. Wednesday, April 14 An Oneg Shabbat will follow Israel board on Sunday, April based in part on captured German archival material and on Interviews Mincha-Ma'ariv—6p.m. services. /_ with some of the leading figures in GoebbeTs propaganda corps.. 18, 2 p.m., in the Synagogue FlrstSeder ; ' They Chose Life: Jewish Resistance in the Holocaust by Yehuda Bauer. Confirmation class win be held Social Hall. Des Mollies Thursday, April 15 - New York. The American Jewish Committee, 1973.61p.—ThiB pamphlet, Tuesday, April». Nominated to serve on the . Morning Service — 9:30 based on the author's lectures, explores why many of Hitler's victims NoSatuttUyScbool April I t Tifereth Israel Board are Mrs. Sam Berman, SERVICES: went to their deaths without resisting and, for those who fought back NoSunday School Aptf IB. W!!Ham Cofcsa, isvisg Ep- -, rriday: 6:15p.m. heroically, what sustained them. ' . ~. • V .' 4^ p.m. and 5-6 p.m.'No Hebrew stein, Dr. Arthur F. Fishkin, Tbe Distorted ImtgB: German Jewish Perceptions ct Gersutss s s d . Second Seder Satarday: classes April 21 and 22. Germany, 1918-1855 by Sidney Bolkosky. An analysis of the psychological Morton Glass, Manny GoldFriday, April 16 \ ' Shabbat School 9:15 a.m. dynamics of Jewish perceptions of Germany and the place of Jews in the berg, Dr. Bennett Fishbaln, Morning service—9:30a.m. Morning Services 9:30a.m. PASSOVERSCHEDULE Germannation. : . . ,. Dr. Irving Shapiro, Dr. Paul Evening service—6:30 p.m. Wednesday, April 14 MinchaMa'ariv6p.m. ' . Shyken, Manny Simon, David The Nazis by George Bruce. London. Hamlyn Pubs. Group Limited, Saturday, April 17 Sunday: 8:45 a.m. 1974. KOp.-Authoritative history of the rtKVzenith and collapse of the Evening service—5 p.m. Wine, Leon Wtatroub, Aron • Dafly :7 a.m. ShabbatCholHamoed \ Nazi movement and party; leading personalities, Internal struggles, First Seder Zelderman, Norman Zevltz. Ooodusfamof Passover policies, and propaganda. Over ISO Illustrations. Tbunday, April IS PASSOVER 8CHEDULE8 Tbe Holocaust and the literary Imagination by Lawrence Langer.Mew Tuesday, April 20 Morning service—11 a.m. Wednesday, April 14 Haven, Yale University Press, 1975.30Op.-A discussion of the effect 'of Evening service—7 p.m. Siyum, Feast of the First the Holocaust on modern literature.' ' ' , Oooduskm of Passover Wednesday, April 21 ' < Born—7a.m.^ Toe Rise and Fail of Adolph Hitler by William Shirer. New York. Morning service—9:30 p.m. Tuesday, April 20 " Lincoln Evening service—6 p.m. Random House, 1961'. 185p.-BIography of Hitler written by an American Evening service and Yiskor Mincha-Ma'ariv—7 p.m. Tbunday, April 15 Ttfereth Israel _ correspondent during World War II. —5:30 p.m., Ttar«dayiApril22 Morning service—9:30 a.m. Into that Darkness by CItta Sereby. New York. MeGraw-HUl, 1974 Morning service ang Yiskor Wednesday.Aprim SERVICES: '379p.—Interviews with Franz Stangl, commander of TrebUnka; SS men . Eveningservice-ep.m. Morning serviceand Yiskor Friday: 8p.m. _— 9:30 a.m. associated with him, and survivors of tbe camp. Friday, April 16 —llajn. Mincha-Ma'ariv—7 D.m. Saturday; 9 a.n». ffojpeanrt by Cbaries Rezniioii. Los" AugdcS. Black SpSJFOW Press, Morning service - 7 a.m. Jr. Congregation 10 a.m. 1975. lllp.—A prose-like free verse presentation of the horrors of Jewish - • Evening service - 6 p.m. existence under Nazi Germany. Sunday:* -" Saturday, April 17 Auschwitz by Paul Edward Napora. Texas. Naylor, 1967.22p:—Poems TUillinCIub9a4n, ShabbatCbolHamoed " that emphasize the spirit of a doomed race, rather than the Individual's Shabbat School - 9:15 a.m. Kosher Co-ops Shopped terror and suffering. . _ . Morning service—9:30 a.m. Hitler Has Won by Frederick Mullally. New York. Simon and Schuster, Uncoln NEW YORK U T A ) - cording to a report from the Mlncha Ma'ariv - 6 p.m. 1975.318p.-H!storical novel dealing with Hitler In March, 1941. Several hundred elderly New Federation of Jewish Conclusion of Passover I t e Nuremberg Mtafc'Tfcs-Psycnotagy of the Nail Leaden, by B'nai Jeshurun York Jews shop regularly at. Philanthropies. Tuesday, April 20 Florence Miale. New York. Quadrangle, 1975.3O2p.—The original Rorschach tests administered to the Nazi war criminals are Interpreted in an -three food co-ops, two in the ' The food co-ops are part ola SERV1CE8L . ~ Evening service—6 p.m. attempt to find an explanation (or their actions. ....'.. / Bronx and one in Brooklyn, larger effort by the Friday: 7:30p.m. Wednesday, April 21 .Passover-Family Shabbat Momlngservice-7a.m. Teaching the Holocaust to Children by Diane Roskles. New York. Ktav, organized by a Federation Federation to Involve college All children whose bir1975. 65p.—A complete bibliography of printed learning materials in ' youth group, at which they youth in programs of service Evening service—6 p.m. English and Yiddish which were used over the past 30 years In Europe, pay from 20 to 30 percent less to needy Jews through the thdays (all in February, Thursday, April 22 North and South America and England. than retail prices for kosher F e d e r a t i o n ' s . 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Where will the Department of Jewish Education go from here? All those Involved in Jewish education agree that the most Important thing the Department should continue is the t e a c h e r - t r a i n i n g . The * Department's seminars and the outstanding educators it brings from other cities to "teach the teachers" may eventually help provide the inHaber, left, visits with Meyerson, second from left, and Dr. and depth Insights that educators Mrs. Milton WaWbaum. (JP Photo) are eager for the children to have. Rabbi S. Daniel Breslauer, Haber: Broaden The Scope OMAHA-U's not only the Hitler succeeded beyond his the director of the Departlocal needs and Israel's needs wildest dreams; they must ment, says that the very about which the 'Omaha help the approximately 100,000 creation of his position shows Jewish community and its Jews still living in Arab that Omaha is willing to counterparts must concern countries and they must help commit-money and effort to themselves. There are other rescue the Jews of such South re-think Jewish education for J e w l s h c o m m u n i t i e s American countries as Its children. The Department will go elsewhere to the world that Argentina, Uruguay and need help. Chile. Before the advent of from It* initial re-organization So said Sam Haber, retiring such as Salvadore'Allende, this year, he feels, to more executive vice chairman of these countries were con- teacher-training; more , the Joint Distribution Com- tributors to the JDC, Haber distribution of teaching materials to teachers; more mittee, who spoke here April 7 said. sponsorship of inter' at the 197& Omaha PhilanBecause of armaments thropies Campaign Inaugural. being stockpiled now by the synagogue programs where Haber, flew in from New Arabs, Israel today "has no the whole Jewish student Orleans as a last-minute alternative but to arm to the population of the city comes substitute for scheduled teeth," he said, adding that together; and better use of speaker Chaim Herzog, American Jews are Israel's Esther K. Newman Camp, for Israel's Ambassador to the only friends in America today. example, for Departmentsponsored retreats and livingUnited Nations who was The Omaha Campaign has in Jewish experiences. detained In Israel. Haber, who supervised the surpassed the $500,000 mark ' Steve Rlekes, Department resettlement of 200,000 Jews and is "right on target" to. chairman, feels that the from World War II con- reach its goal of $2.2 million, Department will continue to centration camps, told the 150 according to Men's _Division do more of the same and hopes Omahans In attendance that Co-Cbainnen Dick Hiller and that as the community they must help "re-establish Leo Meyerson and Women's becomes, more aware of the the vitality of Jewish life In Division Chairman Jeanette significance of Jewish education, more and more western Europe," where Nadoff.

Federation of Omaha

IN DEPTH: —A continuing t w i n of MtlclM to better acquaint you . • «•» . with your Federation.

Federation Library would purchase them, then tell the teachers about the new items. The Department might idso put out teacher worksheets with any information to help the teachers to teach better.

dollars will be budgeted for discussion sessions with the Stanley Mitchell of Beth El teachers, programs and Rabbis, the Federation can like the Department to materials which all the act as a materials-resource would set up workshops for the tool for adult education. He schools can share. school administrators, as a In 1976 the money allocated feels there Is a great need forum in which to exchange to the schools was Increased among adults to have the operational details and adfor the first, time since the "why" questions answered. ministrative techniques. _ Rabbi Brooks feels all early 1960's. Edythe Wolf, the Federation Librarian, was teachers should attend the All the rabbis agree that the added to the Department of adult courses offered by the Department is doing a good Education Committee as School of Continuing Jewish books and materials advisor Studies, which Is not currently Rabbi Bromberg • is. very a part of the Department of this year. _ i m p r e s s e d with the Because most people define Education, The Department might also cooperative spirit among the "education" in the broadest sense, the Department should bring in high-level speakers to Jewish professionals, and continue or {jet into other address not only teachers, but Rabbi Breslauer is very pleased with the enthusiastic related activities, many also other Interested adults. Rabbi Brooks urged, •Involvement of synagogue people feel. Carol Gendler applauds the. pepartment's systematic organization of the educators and community support for Israel Pilgrimage, l e c t u r e s , i d e a s and laypeople in Jewish education. curriculum plans of visiting the study-tour for teen-agers. Those people most comBelieving that commitment scholars such as Dr. Joe mitted to Jewish education to the Jewish people comes Seger, so their knowledge'can are working toward the goal of partly through identification become a permanent part of never letting the children with Israel, Lou Solomon, the educational materials forget who they-are. These Federation Director, would available here. same people are abiding by like" to see even more "young Rabbi Kenneth Brbmberg one of the central compeople go on the tour than the thinks that a very-exciting mandments of our faith: " * 18 who will go this summer. Department project would be ;.":, them shalt teach them Rabbis Isaac Nadoff, Sidney adult "parallel" .courses diligently unto thy children, Brooks and Jack Zelasko think which would covef the same and shalt speak of them when the Department should . s u b j e c t matter as the thbu slttest in thy house, when s t i m u l a t e more adult children's classes, but on an thou walkest by the way, when education. adult level. thou llest down, and when thou Rabbis Nadoff and Brooks risestup.. .'•' Rabbi Zelasko feels that by providing materials to parents hope the Department will Quality Jewish education is through general mailings gather films, filmstrips and from the Federation and open - cassettes Important for the best Insurance for a forums through newsletters or classroom presentation. The (ContlnuedonPageM)

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Papa 28

The Jewish Pnm

April 14,1976

Al

Reform Quietly Reverses Its Stand on Day Schools

Turning Vacant Lots Into Tennis Courts' Al Mayer laughed recalling girl who had moved to Omaha the "old days" when he was with her family yean before. growing up in Omaha. "We Al had been born in 1900. Times.were good for a hid a good time in those days," he said. "We were while. The Mayers took a long comfortable, certainly not trip to Bavaria in 1910 to visit. rich, but we bad a good time." Theodore's mother, then 96 He chuckled particularly and whom Theodore bad not when he remembered a game seen in 29 years. Al attended Farnam School, he used to play with his friends around the neighborhood of got interested in sports and 29th and Jackson, one block played all the neighborhood east of Temple Israel, when it games of the day. He and friends bought used was on Park Avenue. They called it "shlnney," bikes for $S and rode all over and they played it with cans the city because, of course, and long sticks, hitting the there were few cars. In winter cans for points as they ran, they ice skated in Hanscom Park and made their own something like hockey. called They were all baseball- t o b o g g a n s , crazy too, In those days "travelers." They hooked around 1910. "We knew every . several sleds together and major league player and his fastened a board on top. They also played a lot of batting average. We used to sit on the curb in the early tennis, which then as now, was evenings, our feet hanging all the rage. They made their over, and talk and talk." A own tennis court in a vacant curfew rang at 8 or 9 o'clock, lot nearby - took off the sod, and all kids had to be off the rolled it with a sewer culvert street, so they had to be sure and enclosed it with chicken to get their baseball chatter wire. Although all toe neighfinished before then. Al's father, Theodore borhood boys were under 15, Mayer, came from Neustadt, they played exactly according Bavaria to Fremont, Neb. in to the rules and took the game 1881 where his brother-in-law, seriously. Al and a few others Henry Fuhrman, had a dry were good enough to pargoods store. Theodore worked ticipate in city and state for Henry and then moved to tournaments at toe Field Club. About this time, Theodore Omaha in 1903 to open his own store, the Mayer Clothing Mayer died, and Al's mother a schoolteacher before Company, 16th and Dodge. He had by that time married marrying, became a subSadie Schlesinger, a Chicago stitute teacher.

Al had always been more interested in sports than school; and now he was eager to work also. So for a while he stopped school and worked as -.an office boy for a large dry goods store at 9th and Howard. His mother and his aunts, Clara Rosewater and Carrie Adler, insisted that he finish high school, which be did. But he immediately went to work for an insurance company — his business ever since (he's the president of Grace Mayer Insurance). Al's family, like the other Jews from Germany and Western Europe, Joined the Reform congregation of Temple Israel and followed the Jewish observances from the Reform perspective of Rabbi Conn. For example, Passover in Al's family meant substituting matzot for bread during that week, but not .celebrating the Seder. Al says Rabbi Conn felt that his congregation's nationality was American and its religion was Jewish. Living like "Americans" was important. Al and his group became friends with the children from Orthodox families during Central High School days. Until then, the Temple Sunday School children and those Jewish families : who lived nearby were his Jewisb acquaintances.

ByBenGallob American Reform Judaism, for most of its hlstorjr bitterly opposed to Jewish day schools, has quietly reversed Itself in recent years, a reversal signalled not only by the creation of five such schools but also by the first conference on day school education under formal Reform auspices, held In February. Al Mayer As his interest in sports expanded to include bowling and later, golf, he was. aware of clubs and groups which excluded Jews, although he was not troubled by overt antiSemitism while growing up and had many Gentile friends. Al Mayer expresses sighs of gratitude and nostalgia when he remembers his younger years — some struggle, lots of hard work, many good times — and an end-result of success. "We never dreamed in those days that we would ever have it so good," he says. A nice place to be. —Barbara Simon.

IN DEPTH: (Continued from Page 24) Jewish future. The children must not forget. D e p a r t m e n t of J e w i s h Education members are: Rabbi S. Daniel Breilauer, director. Chairman, Steven Rlekes.. Members, Henry Appel, PhyUii Brown, Beth Brodkey, Rtbbl Sidney Brooks, Rabbi Kenneth Bromberg, Jeanne Dultch, Beverly FeUman, Jack M. Green,, Joseph Klnbenbtum, Marshall Kushner, Rabbi David Levin, Irv MargoUs, Stanley Ifltcbdl, Babbl Isaac Nadolt, Cantor Cbiln Najman, Carolyn. Novlcoff, Stanley Perimeter, Alvln ROM, Ell I. Scbupack, Hannah Scfawalb, Shirley Spitzer, Arnold Stern. James Wax, Rabbi Barry Welnstein, Howard Wdnsteln, Leon Wintroub, Edythe Wolf, Martin Wolf, Lewis Yager, Rabbi Jack Zelasko, Charlotte Zlpunky. Next Week: TbeDr.SherHome.

Educators at the four-day meeting, sponsored by the education department of the Union of American Hebrew Congregations, the association of Reform synagogues, exchanged experiences, defined problems and outlined steps to be taken by the UAHC to aid member congregations interested in sponsoring such schools. I t , was predicted that five to ten more day schools under Reform auspices would be created over the next five years. The five functioning day schools are those of Congregation Rodeph Sholom in Manhattan, believed to be the first under Reform auspices, with 228 pupils in preschool to the sixth grade; Temple Beth Am in Miami, with 324 pupils, pre-school to sixth grade; Temple Emanuel Day School in Los Angeles, with 90 pre-school to second grade pupils; Beth Israel Day School in Phoenix, with 180 pupils, pre-school to fourth grade; and Leo Baeck Day school in Toronto, with 229 pupils, pre-school to fourth grade, which serves the five Reform synagogues in Toronto. The current total of 1,069 children attending the five Refonn day schools hardly compares with the 9,000 enrolled in the SO Solomon Schechter Conservative day schools and is a tiny fraction of the 92,000 attending day schools in the United States and Canada affiliated with Torah Umesorah, the National Society for Hebrew Day Schools, the Orthodox agency which pioneered in the development of Orthodox day schools. Rabbi Alexander M. Schindler, UAHC president and a strong supporter of Jewish day schools, felt it desirable to stress at the conference that the growing Reform day school development "in no way reduces Refonn Judaism's historic support for public education and our adherence to the principle calling for a strict separation of church and state." He added that the UAHC opposed creation of "a parochial hierarchy alien to the principles of Reform Judaism," adding that he viewed the Reform day school program as part of a general UAHC effort to "intensity Jewish education at all levels" among Reform Judaism's claimed 1.1 million members. In fact, he declared, "fulltime Jewisb education and public education reinforce and strengtheneachother."

Lqrens Remembers Winter's Chill, Lemonade Stands Outside In Sun The Rosenstock home at 3506 Harney

The dining room at 3506 Harney.

Lorene Rosenstock Cohn, widow of Loyal Conn, grew up in a time when Omaha itself was growing up. Her Reminiscences allow us a glimpse of what Ufe was like for some of Omaha's early Jewish families. Her husband's father, of course, was Herman Cohn, who started the Nebraska Clothing Co. with Morris Levy. Loyai's mother was a daughter of Jonas Brandeis,. founder of the Brandeis Stores. Lorene Rosenstock Cohen remembers difficulties In her early years, such as problems one year with getting a "fireman" to come twice daily to stoke the coal furnace. The problem caused her widowed mother and her two younger daughters to move from their large bouse on 35th and Harney for the winter. The Job of taking care of a

furnace was too big a chore for the women, so they took in a renter and moved to a nearby furnished apartment until wanner weather. Mrs. Rosenstock was bom Flora Berg in Chicago in 1883. Her parents bad. come to America from Frankfurt, Germany. f l o r a married H e s s e Rosenstock, a native of Baltimore, Md., in Omaha in 1891. Hesse was then in the wholesale leaf : tobacco business at 121O Douglas Street, supplying cigar stores with the basics of clgarmaklng. ' The young family first lived at 23rd and Cass. There were four Rosenstock girls — Fanny, Jesse, Hortense and Lorene. Since Lorene was next to the youngest (born In 1896), BOB had many hand-me-downdothes, and there were certain ways she was allowed to

wear her hair. Her mother did not want her to took too grownup too soon—so she either bad to wear braids or wear her hair loose with a ribbon. Nice young ladies followed very definite rules- in those days. They also went to dancing school, as Lorene and her sisters did, and had lemonade stands outdoors in the summer. They took piano lessons from a teacher who came to their house, rollerskated and went on picnics to Carter Lake on the streetcar. Lorene remembers walking with her mother to a butcher shop on 24th and Cuming. It had a sawdust floor and the butcher later became the head meatcutter at Central Market-; on 16th and Harney. always remembered Lorene and never failed to~say to her, "I remember you when you were this tall." (Continuedon Page 27)

\ April 14,1678

TheJewWiPraw

Lorene Remembers Winter's Chill— >< Continued from Page 26) 'The Roiemtocks were ' active to Temple attain.

Apparently, like many Reform families in Omaha in those days, the Rosenstocks did not hold a Seder. In the early 1900's, before the Influx of a substantial number of East European Jews to Omaha, they were less comfortable with their Jewishness than they would be later on. Especially in the earlier years, they were.very conscious of being few among many — and kept, as we might say today, a "low profile." The Rosenstocks and their

Roiemtpck served as treasurer for several years, and Mrs. Rosenstock participated in Sisterhood activities and often helped cook Temple dinners. Jesse, the oldest sister, was among the first group to be confirmed when the Temple moved, to Park Avenue. Later Jesse worked for the Jewish Federation when it occupied offices on the eighth floor of the Brandeis Store. _

friends cultivated Jewish and Gentile friends and were eager to be accepted into the larger society. It was Important to many Jews of this background that they not stand out particularly as Jews. And so It was common among many Reform Jews to retain Jewish identification and Involvement but to discard many traditional observances and customs. The Rosenstocfis and the Conns were part of a young and growing Omaha.

best wishes for a healthy, (happy passover

Omaha Mizrachi Pledge to Counterbalance Increasing Diplomatic Isolation of Israel NEW YORK-" When the world cares less, we must do more';—that is the pledge of tens of thousands of American Mizrachi Women as Israel and the American Jewish community mark the arrival of the Passover season in a year of test and trial for the Jewish State. "The increasing isolation of Israel diplomatically," said Mrs. David Potash, president of Kalah Franklin Chapter of Omaha Mizrachi Women, ' "must be counterbalanced by the involvement and concern : of American Jews. AMW, now as for the past half century, proposes to be In the front ranks of those who are involved." Mrs. Potash and the Omaha Mizrachi she leads have Joined with more than 350 chapters, councils and regions

of AMVV In 37 states and the District of Columbia, In marking a "Jubilee Rcdedlcatlon Day" to usher in the Festival of Freedom this year by taking a pledge of service, and making a "personal commitment" to the more than 8,000 children, youth and senior citizens who rely on AMW-sponsorcd programs In Israel.

to provide support for students who need that support In five major .AMW-bulit and sponsored high . schools, for youngsters In two standardsetting children's villages, for Israelis of all ages in settlement houses, community centers, day care centers and sleep-in, nurseries which comprise the AMW network of projects throughout Israel.

Here, as throughout the. country, to fulfill that commitment, American Mizrachi Women have enrolled as "Mothers-In-Israel", pledging

"Their pledge is a pledge/or peace, for security,' and for a future of freedom in this season of freedom," Mrs. Potash declared.

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The Jewish Press

April 14.1976

Rev. Shukert Was Told, 'Can't Make Living As Shochet For Rev. Jake Shukert the you can do Is be a shochet. shochet, Passover was a hard You'll have to do something time. else to make what you call a "Everybody always wants living,' "said Schatz, who was something at Passover,"' shochet, mohel and ran his recalled his son Dave. "At own meat market on 24th and ' Rosh Hashanali and Yom Seward. Kippur, they want chicken, Nate, then 27 or 28, stayed fish — but at Passovpr, they with Schatf fiveor six months, want liver, tongue, beef. learned some English and "My father had to put in his opened his own shop on 13th orders two weeks before—two Street between Hickory and weeks before! The InCenter, for a total cash outlay dependent Packing House, the of 50 or CO dollars, says Dave. Higgins Pack — my father . Jake's wife Minnie and son would go to them not so much Harry came from the Old for meat, but for offal. Most Country in 1909. She delivered people wanted tongue, liver, Dave in the Shukert living . s o to accomodate h i s quarters In the back of the Rev. Shukert customers, he'd go to the store in 1911. Sister Rose came packing house a couple extra among the most modern of in 1913, brother Max In 1914.. •days a week. He'd slaughter kosher meat shop owners, a The flu epidemic hit Omaha hi more animals and they (the man who felt that no one 1918 and, on Oct. 12, shortly packing houses) in turn would should be without kosher before Dave's eighth birthday, give him kosher offal, so he' meat. A man who believed in Minnie died in Nicholas-Senn could satisfy his customers. God and in Kashrutli, who Hospital (now the old Doctors lived traditional Judaism even Hospital on Park Avenue). "It was a hardship because though it was a struggle. be didn't need the meat. But "One day before she was to over the years, he became Jake had come to Omaha get out, she died," said Dave. friends with the packing from Poland in 1907 — Poland company people—he'd go and was Russian territory then Rev. Shukert handled his sell toe rest of the meat to and Jake didn't like life under sons' Jewish education. "He some big stores. He was Just Czar Nikolai. But in Omaha, knew I'd never be a rabbi," being good to the packing living with his half:brother said Dave. "It's funny* people." named Schatz, he ran smack because I wac the only one hi up against hard -truth, says the family who used to enjoy it So it was with Jake Shukert, 'says Dave — a man whose- ; Dave: "He told him point- (learning Judaism from his blank, 'If you want to be an father on Shabbos). But I word was good with the bank, Orthodox Jew, the only thing q u e 8 t I o n e d a man who worked to be everything.. .'Tateh,' I asked him when he would come out of the toilet, 'why do you make a prayer every time you come TwoStories put?' 'Son,' he told me, 'some day you'll understand.' And By Richard Pearl

Omaha Kosher:

you know what? I never did " 'Why not study the New Himmelbloom Bakery, Siege]' understand, until about four Testament?' He asked me, the Baker, Schultz the Baker, years ago — I had prostate 'How far are you in the Old Blend.. , "From Cumlng to Lake was trouble and, oh, the pain! I Testament?' I said, 'Gjjolly, prayed, I prayed, anything to we're still in Geneslsf He the shopping area. A husband ease the pain! And then I said, 'So when you finish Uie would say, 'Where you going?' understood: — he was Old.Testament, we'll study the And his wife would answer, 'I New Testament.' " If the Old gotta go to 24th Street to do my grateful." Rev. Shukert, who had Testament were 6tudied shopping.'" It was the days when people gained smicha in. Poland, properly, there would never never worried that they would be time for the New, Rev. knew your name was Bern* stein, but when they said it, it stray, although he didn't try to Shukert felt, • A few months after losing came out "Bahrnshteln", said force his belief 8 on his sons. For example, Dave recalls Minnie, Jake closed his shop, Dave. Meat, he said, was 3 cents-4 having to go to catechism at selling it to Andrew Morino, St.Xavier Church in order to, who has operated a grocery cents a pound wholesale in the early days. "You used to sell pjay soccer in the neigh- store there ever since. Jake worked as a shochet . the final product for 10 cents a borhood. The priest, a Syrian named Father Abboud, went for Frled-Kuklln-Wolk, a big pound. One day, they put a to Rev. Shukert to let him market on 24th Street, and half-cent price raise on the know what Dave was doing. later for GreenfiSrg-Marx on cattle, so Dad had to raise his Rev. Shukert seemed un- 20th and Clark. In 1923, a price a penny a pound. "Everybody sent their meat bothered, so Dave asked him, couple of years after Nate was born, he again opened a store, back - it was too high, they ' this time on 24th and Indiana. said. They paid maybe 50 The Jewish people had moved cents for five pounds' meat. north. "Each package had liver, Those were days of heavy whiqh was free at that time. competition. There was They kept the liver but tent Mushkin and Epstein over on the meat back, that's bow I 24th and Hamilton; Blengstein remember. Dad was stunned. and Lipman on 24th and He didn't think that people Franklin; Shoskin in the were thinking like that," . To refrigerate meat, chunks •grocery business dn 20th of ice were cut from Carter Street. There were the fish markets Lake in the whiter and stored —Crounse Fish, Max Stoller's in caves, then brought twice father's fish store; Finken- weekly to the store by the, stein Fish Market; Sam iceman. The iceman brought a Flax's fish market at 24th and pully and rope; Shukert had a v ° Hamilton. There was Leib permanent hook in the ceiling. 'Deli and there were the bakers With rope and pulley attached, — "a half-dozen bakers, the Ice was hauled up and Adler's, Forbes, Chicago placed on top of the meat Bakery (th&Abrams family), Dave Shukert (Continued on Next Page)-

Nebraska Kosher Owners Remember Battling The Wazi The vicious, swift Nazi war machine of 1939: for such as Joe Bucheister* it gives to thoughts .of Passover and freedom an ironic twist. ••-. :"Th£t ittss ifee time we LOST our freedom," says the tall, lean-appearing Bucheister who, together with David Richtman has added another chapter to the story of

Omaha Jewry in the meat business. Unlike Jake Shukert, Bucheister and Richtman are not shochtim. And, of course, they are far more recent arrivals. They came to Omaha after fighting for their lives with the Polish Underground taring World War II. Together, they are partners

Dave, left, cuts fromasldeof beef as Joe watches. fJP Photo)

in the Nebraska Kosher Meat days without food. "They ate the woods—"for 4% years we of the Underground learned Market at 4902 Hamilton. It is the bark off the trees. If a good lived outside—never once did they had erroneous information: they were set .to the outgrowth of Joe's buying goyim came along and threw we sleep in a house," says the L. Glass Meat Co. in the them an apple, they (the Dave Richtman. It was an storm a Gestapo-occupied farmhouse when they learned mld-1960's. Sometime prior to Nazis) killed him right away." army of men who whistled at that, Bucheister had owned a Joe escaped on a Friday, night to pass messages: an that the alleged 24 occupants kosher meat store at 21th and stumbling onto a house owned army o! men with code names really totalled 280. Another time, they tried to Stward. He wasjn business 10 by a Jewish woman. She told and with no . identification heist about 100 head of cattle months before burglars broke him to go upstairs and tears papers. through the roof early one well in his eyes today as he It was an army that blew, up and a .wagon laden with $1 million in jewels. They slipped Sunday and literally cleaned recalls what he found: a bridges to disable German him out before he opened the ChaUah, all ready for Shab- supply lines; an army that set up on the Nazi-held farm, doors. bos. He waited a few days at up deadly crossfire ambushes silently killing the German But the story goes back long the house until his father came of German convoys. It was a shepherd watchdogs by before then, back to the late and took him back to the streetfighter's army that hooking them In the neck and I/n£tu~Ilia lai/Alli./lf IfrfllfrtUZ . hanging them. They-went for ISSffs in Poland.- Buehsister family; T V • and Richtman, together with A brother of Joe's-from and the hills and caves around the cattle, which ultimately would be slaughtered io feed fellow Omaha immigrants whom Joe learned the meat it because it was an army of the Underground. But a short Salomon Klnstlinger and business—was a Nazi victim. the city's residents. Roman Amstcr, were part of a The Nazis stormed the It was an army that hit and distance from the farm, first successful cattle and horse brother's house, grabbed his ran—and one that fought at one cow and then another business in the city of Krakow, young children by the legs and gut level: Bucheister recalled sounded off; the Nazis were Being patriotic young men, began smashing their heads how he captured "shiksehs alerted and the Underground they enlisted in the Polish against the wall. The enraged who were. girlfriends of the team found themselves caught army. But the Nazi VVehr- young father grabbed a knife Nazis" and shaved a path in r o c k e t f l a r e s and macht stormed out of Ger- and killed one Nazi. The down the middle of their heads' machine gun fire. Amster toppled Into a ditch many and within only a few others lynched him. "He knew to Identify them to their neighhe didn't have a chance bors. The Nazi boyfriepds? when a Nazi machine gun weeks, conquered Poland. fired. The others, In shock but The underground shot them. . _.. "We were pushed.-all lKe anyway." said Joe. way from the German border It was an army that had to now desperately'battling to Bucheister again was to the Russian border," says captured by the Nazis. Again put up with all the foulness get away, crawled to safety. Joe,-.who recalls going into he escaped, hiding ^ln the and uncleanlincss of guerrilla- Back at camp, Bucheister, battle with ISO men and being forest around Krakau until he type warfare. For instance, Richtman and Klhstlinger one of only two to come back. found the others, who also there were the lice that in- bawled over their fallen He carried the other man on were hiding. .The quartet of fested their, clothing: a lice- buddy—until he walked Into his back. He passed Sol Bucheister, Richtman, Kln- encrusted shirt would be camp, unwounded, explaining Klnstlinger, wlio was on the stllnger and Amster irtt up buried Ln the ground, untoone that he had crawled through way Into battle. with a non-Jewish neighbor of sleeve. When the lice crawled the ditch in the opposite Their freedom lost, the theirs, who rounded up eight up to the end of the exposed direction from them. prouu young Polish men found of his friends. Togethcrr in sleeve, that part of the sleeve .. There wmthe time Joe and themselves either captured or 1941, the 12 became the was cut off. "But the lice Sol went to Russia on a scattered into hiding in the beginning of the Polish Un- always came back,"" said ; mission. Five months passed and Dave feared them dead. -•'..woods around Krakow. Joe derground Army—a network Richtman. Like all townfolk armies, One night he heard about a. was put on a train by the 'that grew into a resistance Germans and was destined for movement which • by 1945, the Underground had its group five miles away. In the dark he whipped a horse full a prison camp. He escaped, numbered an amazing 40,000 failures. but others were herded Into \ freedom fighters, . . . . . . In fact, its first action was speed through the forest. He It wasari army that lived to aborted When (he'12 founders i. •' (Continued on Next Page) the camp and held for eight

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April 14.1976

The Jewish fress

Moses, Matzohs and Israelites: 'Fast Food'Business Was Born notable for its absence of soothsayers were alarmed. oratory. For one thing, the f "*Was this an omen that one day Passover is the Jewish birth occasion was too serious for ' Moses would seize the crown? of freedom. The celebration of any Indulgence in rhetoric and. They decided on a test. The crown and a lump of coal were the bicentennial of American there were few orators. freedom serves to remind us John "Adams did a lot of placed on a table near Moses. of some interesting parallels,. speaking,' but he was no It was decided if little Moses There is, for instance, the orator; and certainly Franklin • reached out for the crown, midnight ride of Paul Revere. was not. Also Thomas Jef- that would be a sign that he What American does not know, ferson was there, but he ac- constituted a peril and should of that? In the case of Israel, tually suffered from a kind of be done away'with, but if he 'we also have a midnight ride impediment of speech. His reached out for the coal, then or journey, but in Israel's voice seemed to acquire a kind it would show, that his case, it was not of one man, of hoarseness when he raised reaching out had no special, meaning. <•* but of 600,000 pe6ple. it, ; ' •• . The midnight exit of the At the test, the hand of The Midrash tells a story to Jewish people 1 That's why we explain -the impediment of Moses was reaching out for eat matzohs. The Passover speech in Moses. As the Bible the crown, when the Angel liturgy has a , great piece narrates, the Pharoah had Gabriel, seeing it from a telling of the many wonderful decreed that all the male distance, swerved it with such things occurring at midnight. Hebrew children be thrown in force as to permanently affect Moses had gotten the con- the Nile, but his daughter his vocal chords. sent of the Pharoah for the pulled little Moses out and A great rabbi once said that' Israelites to leave, but he raised him herself. if Moses had been a speechknew about politicians. They One day the crown was lying maker, the Jews would promise you one thing and a on the table and little Moses probably still'be slaves in day later they do something began playing with it. The Egypt. • „ else. He was taking no chances.. Interior of Frted-Kuklln-Wolk Market on 24th left, Iz Kuklin behind counter at rear. We can imagine that many Street, between Seward and Charles — "the Sawdust covers floor, side of beef hangs at Jews said, "What's the hurry. fathers of .11 children. The (Continued from most modern market In Omaha In the 1020*8," right, salamls on left wall. Photo owned by Let's get a good night's rest, Bucheisters (Joe and Freda) Previous Page) • according to Dare Shukert. Sam Pried is at Dave Shukert. have a nice supper, watch television arid in the morning, was dirty and bearded and Include Ari, a Harvard Law we'll get up? have a good generally unrecognizable to student; .Annie at Barnard breakfast and then we'll go. even his closest friends and College and Poula, a Central" Besides, if we have a little the men In the encampment High senior. Dave and Rose's ' children are Max, a lawyer in, » . time we can better prepare for .-were the same. »the house, make the delivery' -• (Continued from Shukert had his last meat Washington, D;C.; Walter, a All of a sudden he saw a man the' journey, make some I and collect. From widows, shop. It was during the Previous Page) Yeshiva University student with' two left boots— pumpernickel bread. You storage lockers. The melted they usually didn't. collect; Depression — the bank said and Annie at Barnard College. • "God pays the bill," Rev. his word was good, "we Just as know, In the supermarket in Buchelster! The men were Ice was drained off. 'the.desert, they don't sell reunited by the pair of boots Roman - and Poula \ Amster Shukeriwouldsay. soon give him theT>roperly," Jake Shukert bought a Ford which Joe wore throughout the. have Nathan, a salesman In pumpernickel."^ People brought In chickens Dave quoted the bankers. touring car for deliveries. The war because no others could Texas; Fred, operator of "an Moses said, "There will be to be slaughtered for a nickel. The new place had the new car cost "25 or 30 bucks" back Omaha delivery service and be found. \ none of that. You do, of course, than, says Dave. "That car "It was another nickel if they stainless steel cutting board, Many people, Jewish and , Margie, a Denver University wanted them picked (the electric refrigeration In the need bread for the journey, sells for four grand now." but all you have to do is to mix noniJewlsh, helped the <student. Sol and Sara's sons "Father wouldn't let feathers plucked). We tried to display cases that Were also some flour and water. You will foursome during the war. are Gary, a graduate student distance from the store keep hire anybody to pick chickens. glass enclosed. "He was quite then have matzohs. They are "There were many good 'at University of Nebraskasomeone from keeping kosher. Sometimes for the holidays we advanced in cleanliness," healthier than any bread you goyim. I send them packages Omaha and Abe, a New Jersey had special goyim. Dave recalls. "In kosher Father would deliver no buy. It has none of the today yet'. If it weren't for lawyer. "The blood, the files, the lice meat, anything that had to be matter where," says Dave - ' Joe Bucheister says he poisonous chemical additives them.J wouldn't be here," who adds that he "half-froze" —OmygodI" moans Dave modern, he was modern." didn't like America "in the saysBucheister. that you read about in the - ' Rev. Shukert died hi 1S47 at on the winter time deliveries. t o d a y . " T n e ' stink After the war, Joe, Dave beginning. It was too rushed. papers." Nate Shukert rode the running OmygodI" and Sol became r^ft of the But I like it very much now. Sure enough the next At 24th and Seward, Jake Today, Dave Shukert board, Jumping off to run up to Jewish protection, arm of the Here, you want a-house, you' Is involved in meat purchasing morning, the Pharoah wakes Polish military police. There' can get credit to buy it. You up and asks, "Where are the for Mr. C's Restaurant. Nate 'were roving bands of anti- pay it off, i you've got Shukert operates Shukert's children of Israel?" Semitic Poles signed by the something. In Poland, "They are all gone to Tel Meats at 50th and William Nazis to finish exterminating everything was cash. It was a Aviv," the Chief of Staff says. with sister Rose and. wife the Jews. The trio helped very hard life." "Those racists,", says Doris. The kosher meat business in Pharoah. "I am going, to arrest them. Between 1945 and 1949, Joe Omaha has been Joe and report iherri - io we United Nations. Give me my Russian and the others were again In Dave's life. They get sides of gun," he adds, and he takes the horse and cattle business, beef from >York;;Neb.y and his Russian gun and starts this time in Germany. But carry some national products "rushing" after the Israelites. America beckoned and the as well; The wives help out. • While he won't predict the VEALBREAST "Be careful," says his Chief four came to Omaha, with the . AND VEGETABLES of Staff. "I think they have a help of the late Paul Veret,' future of the kosher meat ByNormaBarach secret weapon. I don't know Federation executive direc- business, Joe says of the number of young customers • J « ^ Telegraphic Agency, Inc. what it is, but I think they call tor. Joe remembers celebrating lately: "You'd be surprised. A I thought you might like an Idea (or it matzohs," wmethlng different for PauoverYes, indeed, it was matzohs. . Passover at the home of the lot of young people go for •omethlng good to tervc on the last days If they had waited to make late Meyer Kirshenbaum. For koshertoday. ol the holiday when the Pauover (are "Also, a l o t o f goyim are pumpernickel bread, they him, it was not a personal scenutobe losing In lip. would not have succeeded. ,Jt symbol of being freed from buying kosher meat. I had one'' llblspf.oU was the "fast food," matzohs, bondage—as a Polish citizen woman tell me today it's the S Urge poUtoei, cut In half before the war, he had lived In kill (how the animal Is killed) that saved the situation, tcunU.cullilUUnls that makes the difference to freedom anddlgnlty. v^rhere Is another striking t iMdhnn onions, cut iflriiigi Today, the four men are her because it's cleaner.'^ •; 1 dove garlic, minced parallel that occurs to me. IVi cupi tomato-mushroom Moses was unique among the. (kosberforpanover) great liberators in that he was V«- cup defer vinegar (kother (or No Racism no orator. To arouse a people Pauover) to throw off- their chains llblip.fugar , JERUSALEM, (JTA) - A - condemnations of the United msp.pepper • usually requires men able to 'Nations 'General v Assembly/?,, Vi cup toDUiUHiitulirocm MUCO (OJ>stir'them with words. But the group of 12 district attorneys Uonal) from the/Udlted States said /resolution that .equated Bible tells us that Moses was Cut. meat Into icrviiuj pieces. In a Zionism with racism: 'They dutch oven, brown meat and onions In not only not an orator, but that that they had found no traces' also assailed the'UN for. oil. Remove meat and brown potatoes actually he suffered from an of racism; In Israel ^during' "glamorizing" terrorism — and carrot*. Put meat back In. Mix impediment of speech. their nine-day tour of the an apparent reference to its remaining Ingredient* together and pour over meat and vegetables. Cover and In the case of America, country at the invitation of recognition of the; PLO —" bake to 350-degree oven (or two houn or historians tell us that the day Justice Minister Halm Zadok. •which, they said, undermines until tender. Makes five >ervlng>: Add another one-fourth* cup lauce if In July when America, They said the results of their |Iaw and order all over the' declared Its independencewas • ..™t i ,. i ( i By David Schwartz

JewlihTdtp^WcAjoicy.Inc.

Battling The Nazis —

Rev. ShukertWasTold ^-

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Jewish \ Cooking I

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The Jewish Press

April 14,1976

Bicentennial and Passover: Freedom Is Common Theme] ByPhBlpSkaBevitz Hie Bicentennial arid Fastover are interlinked. Both spell freedom. '* o Passover is a proper time to recall the significant battles for Justice on the American continent and the Bicentennial elevates such reminiscences to a glorious fashion of the age-old Jewish credos with the American ideals. • There are numerous instances of heroic efforts to negate bigotry and they dale back to Colonial times. They included instances when high-minded Christians (ought for man's right to worship or even not to worship, as he pleased and preferred. Thus far, the triumphs of Washington, Jefferson, Madison, and scores of others, who have succeeded In writing taufour Constitution the basic principles of religious liberty, remain the pride and the cornerstone of our American heritage". There are some lesser-known names-whose contributions to the cause of justice and untrammeled freedom have helped build a strong foundation for this great Republic. Among them was Jacob Henry, who was elected to the North. Carolina House _ of Commons in 1808. served for a year and upon bis re-election in 1809 faced on religious grounds the challenge as to his right to hold off ice. JA that time, the North Carolina constitution prohibited nonProtestants from holding civil offices. Henry, who was elected to the North Carolina State Legislature -from Carteret County, became tJiEv, center of a political issue. Many of the state's leaders came to his support and Roman Catholics, who were similarly affected by the law barring non-Protestants from . holding civil positions, were on his side. Henry won an overwhelming victory to retain his seat after delivering an address which has won such wide acclaim that it has been included in the famous collection. "The American Orator." - Henry's triumph, however, was only partial. While he was permitted to retain his seat in the legislature, the discriminatory North Carolina clause remained on the state's , «tanjtfis.ltwasinterpretedtomeanthatlegislatlveoface3were j w t necessarily civil, that Catholics and Jews could participate. In making laws although they were prohibited from Interpreting and executing them. . After the Civil War. when Southern states began to liberalize tbeir constitutions, North .Carolina granted full, religious liberty to all its constituents in 1868. •Jacob Henry was bom in Philadelphia in 1776. His activities after his rise to fame in the battle for religious equality in 1809. when he delivered his great oration, and the date and place of his death are unknown. His name at birth was Jacob Gratz. and it is believed he was the brother of the Philadelphia merchant Michael Gratz. Jacob changecHifs last name to Henry when he moved to the South. In his powerful book on the battle for liberty for all faiths.' "Cornerstone of HeJigiois Freedom in America" (Beacon Press), Joseph L. Blau reprints in full the famous oration by Henry and makes this interesting reference to Henry in a chapter on "The Affirmation of Civil Rights for Religious Minorities": ; "North Carolina, whose constitution required Us officials to accept the divine authority of the New Testament, but whose declaration of rights granted religious freedom, was faced with tenecessiryml8u3oic^dlngbetvee£atrKsetwou^truments. "' "Jacob Henry,p Jew, was elected to the House of Commons by the voters of Carteret County, it was, of course, fmpossible ' for Henry to affirm the divine authority c{ the New Testament. His right to his seat was. therefore, challenged. Henry was granted the privilege of speaking in defense of his right to retain the seat, and did so in a brief speech which was long considered oneofthegemsof Americanoratory. "There has been some question raised as to his authorship of the speech: it is reported by'one of the historians of North Carolina to nave been writtentor him by chief Justice Tayior. of the state Supreme Court. This attribution was solely on the basis of hearsay, and we are justified in attaching the name of Jacob Henry to this speech until trustworthy evidence of other authorship is furnished. ' ._••»•' "The speech itself, though brief, is a ringingreiteration of 'the view that religion is a personal matter between the in-' dividual and his Maker, and that no one has the right to challenge or question this personal relation. As long as one doss not hold religious opinions dangerous to the state; the state has ' no power to exclude him from any privilege or obligation of citizenship. The statement was clear-cut and incisive - and It is a pleasure to report that it was decisive. Henry was overwhelmingly granted the right to his seat in the Commons; and some years later the constitutional provisions were changed." la ISIS, in the Jssi ci.&bsie over a similar issue In the Maryland Assembly, while discussing[thesHSaHed" "Jew bill" ' ebid} was airasdl atthe repeal of a, test set that prevented Jews bom entering, the legal profession and public office, the Honarabte". H. M. Bractanridge spoke of Jacob Henry's speech ' " {''apartoureduwtltmasAineTicinstoloveandcherlsh

sentlraSVy .

The Maryland battle began in in 1797, when the Baltimore Jew .Solomon Ettlng first petitioned the Maryland House of Commons against the restrictions on «Jcws peeking, office or entrance In the legal profession. The part played"Wit H/Thc-mar

Kennedy, "ardent Jeffersonian and a persistent fighter," Col. W. G. D. Worthington and Brackenridge form another glorious chapter in the struggle for religious freedom in this country. The "Jew bill" was adopted by the Maryland House of Delegates on the last day of the session, Feb. 26, 1825, and was confirmed as required by law, in the following session of the House, on Jan. 5,1826. Blau, whose book also contains the complete text of Brackenridge's historic address, comments that "the Jeffersonian principle was vindicated and sustained in Maryland justsixmonthsbeforethedeathofJeffersonhlmself:"" Brackenridge's speech on the "Jew bill", delivered In 1819, has gone down in history with the greatest orations In defense of civil rights. Breckenrtdge said, on the question of tolerance: " Sir,' I abhor intolerance, whether it be political or* religious: and yet. I can scarcely regard religious tolerance as a. virtue. What has weak and erring man a right to give permission to his fellow mortal, to offer his adorations to the Supreme Being, after his own manner? Did I not feel myself somehow restrained from pursuing this subject, I would endeavor to demonstrate, that the idea of such permission, or toleration, is not better than impiety. But I content myself with, calling your attention to what has been the effect, in this country, at least, of

leaving religion to be taught from the pulpit, or to be instilled by , early education." '•. . Is this a Christian land? Brackenridge had something to <•' say, also, on this score in his famous speech: "But, we are told, that this is a Christian land, and that we are Christians. I rejoice to hear it, and I hope we will prove ourselves worthy of the name, by acting on this, ana on every other occasion with Christian spirit. But this is a Christian land. And let me Inquire of the page of history, by what means it became so? Was it through the instrumentality of peace and no goodwill to our fellow men?.. .No, sir, the soil we inhabit yields its fruit to the just and impartially on all. But the great majority of the dwellers of this land are Christians; therefore it is a Christian land. "For the same reason, It mlgbjHbe a Catholic! Episcopal or Presbyterian land. Our political compacts are not entered Into asbretternofthe(3u1stknfalm-butasmen,asmembersofa civilized society. In looking back to our struggle for independence, I find that we engaged In that bloody conflict, for the rights of man, and not for the purpose of enforcing or defending any.particular religious creed. If the accidental circumstance of our being for the greater part Christians could (ContinuedonPage3l)

year How much are you to heat and cool yoyr attBct - Heating and air-conditioning bills in your home perhaps can be lowered considerably with adequate ceiling insulation. Inadequately insulated- ceilings account for about one-fourth of the heat loss in an average home. And when the hot summer sun boils down on a roof, oven-like attic temperatures result Hot ceilings due to inadequate insulation make, the air conditioner work harder, wasting electricity. Having a full 8" of insulation instead of no insulation in the ceiling can save $480 a year on utility bills for a 1,000-squarefoothome. _ -- " " • _ In. many homes, ceilings ore the easiest place to check insulation. If the attic isn't floored, existing insulation is easily measured.

A good general" rule is that any looser type insulation should be level with tons of the . joists. (In technical terms, at least R-22 insulation value is recommended for ceilings.) Even if the attiehas a Qoor.it rriay be worth- , -while to lift the boards and pour or lay. additional insulation. . For more information about / insulation, contact your insulation contractor, or OPPD. In Omaha, phone 536-4310. FREE BOOKLET "Guidelines on Insulating Your Homo" available on request.

Omaha Public P&w&r District A budneti-nunaged, publicly owned tlcctric DtiUty • An equal opportunity employer maU/f«mel»

April 14,1976

Bicentennial and Passover— (Continued from Page 30)

Justify us In proscribing other religions, the same raajoa would justify any one of the teds of Christianity, in persecuting the rest "But sir, all persecution for the sake of opinions, is tyranny — and the first speck of it that may appear should be eradicated, as the commencement of a deadly gangrene, whose ultimate tendency is to convert the body politic into a corrupt and putrid mass." This is the stuff of which the ideals, of freedom and democracy were made in this great land of liberty. We pause on the Passover Festival of Freedoms pay tribute to the molders of free expression and free living and thinking in our great land.

I Jewish Quiz Box | By Rabbi Dr.SamueU. Fox J n t * Ntfrafftk A*wq>, toe.

QUESTION: WratUthepurpcaeoftbeeggonthesederpUte? ANSWER: Some claim that the egg represents the general sacrifice offered and eaten on any major holiday known as the Korban Chaglgah. While the special sacrifice (the Paschal lamb) Is represented on the plate by a shankbone, the general holiday sacrifice U represented on the plate by the egg. Others claim that the egg Is a sign of mourning, and is placed upon the Passover plate because the day of the week on which Passover falls is the same day of the week on which Tisha B'a (the fast day which commemorates the destruction of the temple) falls in the same year. Since mourners traditionally eat eggs at the first meal after the burial, we do likewise. This generally points to the fact that, while we rejoice in the memory of the freedom and redemption we gained at the event of the exodus, we are ever mindful that the temple In Jerusalem has still not been rebuilt and our happiness is not complete. QUESTION: Why Is the afikoman hidden away and-or covered after breaking it off from the middle matzob on the Passover table at the SederT ANSWER: A number of reasons are advanced for this practice. Some> claim that this ii done to make sure that it will not be eaten by mistake during the meal. Others claim that it Is done to remind us that the people of Israel wrapped the dough in their garments and carried the wrapped dough on their backs at the Ume of the exodus from Egypt. Still others say that the reason Is to arouse the keen Interest and curiosity of the children so that they would stay awake and ask questions during the seder. Some consider this a fulfillment of the Biblical requirement which states: "You shall watch the matzah" which is Interpreted as guarding it with care (Exodus 12:17).

The Jewish Press

H6v\r Stalin Took Care of Jewish Censors in Mos6ov By Boris SmoUr it

Editor's Note: This Is one of the chapters of the forthcoming book by Boris8moUr, "In the Service of My People," to be published loon. The chief censor in Moscow In the 1930s, one of three servicing foreign correspondents, was a Jew. He w a s t h o r o u g h l y assimilated. In the Czarist days, he had studied philosophy in Switzerland, having fled Russia because of his revolutionary activities. After the Soviet Revolution, he returned to Russia, considering himself one of the Bolsheviks who was living In exile. Since he spoke English, French and German very fluently, he Immediately found service in the Foreign Commlssariate. Because of his great erudition, he was appointed chief censor. His name was Yakov Podolsky, a, genuinely Jewish name, which he had not changed, although he was far removed from Jewish interests, and did not know a word of Yiddish. He was a very cultured person; he never displayed the arrogance one often found among censors. Here and there he would expunge a word or a' phrase In my cables. I had never encountered serious difficulties with him, although he stood eminently vigilant in his solicitude of Communist Interests.

Passover Greetings From

Cris'

He was a middle-aged man, married to a Gentile woman with whom he had bad three children. His complete devotion as a husband and father was exemplary. Among the foreign correspondents be was held In the highest respect. From the first day I arrived in Moscow, I reached a sort of understanding with him. "My duty," I stated, "is to send news. Yours is to ensure that these news items are based on fact and that they do not promulgate anti-Soviet propaganda. Now, what could be more valid than facts reported In the Jewish Communist press, or those reported in the general Soviet news publications regarding

matters pertaining to Jews? of my argument and we Many of these facts — arrived at an agreement that especially the aggressive he would pass all news, even if attacks on rabbis and it were detrimental to Soviet synagogues, on Zionism and interests, provided I snowed Hebrew — produce a very ihim the Soviet-Jewish agonizing impression on Jews newspapers. all over the world. From here on it was easy for "I must inform you me. In the Soviet Union, the beforehand that they will take government-controlled press up considerable space in the is the principal source of news daily cables which I will for foreign correspondents. Jewish Communist papers submit to you for censorship. If you didn't pass them, their did not let a day go by without contents would, in any case, r e p o r t i n g that s o m e be read by Jews all over the synagogue here or there had,,, w o r l d , b e c a u s e your been converted into a club, or newspapers reach neigh- that in such and such a town boring non-Communist some Jews were arrested countries from where cables because they had secretly can be transmitted freely to celebrated a circumcision (which had been prohibited in America." (Continued on Page4D He acknowledged the force

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April 14,1976

'Next Year in Jerusalem!' By Richard Peart "Next year in Jerusalem — L'Shanah ha'ba'ah b*Yerushalyim—Next year in Jerusalem! "I don't know bow many times I said that," said Barbara Blank. "Every year, it was 'Next year in Jerusalem!' Every year at / - , Passover time I said, 'I'm / going to be there' — 1 was really crazy there in Evanston the year before (1974). I must nave driven them nuts, I was so determined. And then In 1975,rwasthere!" For all of 1975, she was there. Whoops, make that one year and three weeks — Barbara is as precise as she is zealous. She thus personally fulfilled that ancient prophecy — maybe not exactly in Jerusalem proper. That Passover, she was on a UbbutzlntbeWesternGalilee. But when you're that close who counts the kilometers? "The kibbutz has a special way of celebrating Passover," she said of Kibbutz Matzuva, located in northwest Israel, where you can see both the Mediterranean and the Lebanese border. The. First Seder had 550 people — maybe 150 of them guests of klb^-butzniks. The kibbutz families rotate inviting guests each year and in helping serve."They had a little ensemble — two flutes, a guitar and piano, I think — and they played really beautiful music." When it came to the Four Questions, the youngest generation of kibbutzniks sang them, chorus-style. In fact, all

—That's Where Barb Blank Plans to Be

the different age groups — there are maybe three to four generations per kibbutz participated in the Seder. It made the then-22-year-old from Omaha quite homesick for her folks, Irv and Cele Blank, and family. She was happy her fellow kibbutzniks were enjoying Passover, of course — "it was really good because it was a family affair." Luckily, the grandmother in her "adopted family" - "she really liked , me and I really liked her" helped ameliorate the ache. Living in Israel was the ultimate for Barbara — quite possibly, the pinnacle of a trek that began back in Missouri Valley, Iowa, when she was a child. In those days, coming into Omaha for worship services and the High Holidays was a sort of making allyah. She participated in any number of youth groups — USY.BBG.SVO. "Judaism"Is something you make a stand about. In Missouri Valley, In Omaha, it's a big deal. When you 'skip' school for a holiday, it has to be important." The onetime Ner Tamid BBG president graduted from Central High School and went to t h e N o r t h w e s t e r n University in Evanston, 111., to study cultural anthropology. Nil p r o b a b l y o n l y strengthened her goal of getting to Israel — whenever the opportunity arose, she tied Israel into her studies. In a music course, she did a

Bart Blank paper on Sephardic music; she studied Hebrew for all three years, which was all the time she took to get her degree; she got credit from a seminar on Israel and she did another paper on the Israeli Kibbutz vs. the Chinese Commune. "It was an independent study of the transition of Israelites from a tribal to a sedentary society after coming out of Egypt." Again, there was Passover, her favorite holiday. She planned, no six-week cruises in Israel, no tours. She would live there, working on a kibbutz to support herself. Her parents didn't want her to go. "They were afraid that ff I went, I would never come back." She tried to approach Israel on a mature level, without the idealism that sometimes seizes young people. "I didn't have any great, beautiful

ideas about the country," she says; and yet, she admits to having been somewhat disappointed. She had hoped to take part in the Shomer -like settlng-"set up kibbutzim, the men and women very equal and brave"—but instead, she found Israeli kibbutzniks wanting a television in every house. She knew not to expect extreme rellglousity, or even kashruth — "I had no false impressions about how Jewish the kibbutz is. Kibbutzim don't keep kosher, generally." After a while, she could understood the kibbutzniks' desire for such as television— "after what they've gone through, bow hard they've worked, they want something to show for it. And they should have it. She traveled throughout the country. She and a friend from South Africa went hitchhiking into the Sinai, sleeping under the stars on the beaches. They lived for two months at Moshav Nevlot on the Red Sea. "There were palm trees on the sand, bamboo huts, palm tree houses. There was Saudi Arabia across the sea, and the Sinai behind us. "We climbed Mount Sinai at 3 a.m. we got up and climbed it. You really get the feeling when you're up there" — a feeling perhaps like Moses felt before he brought down The Word, she felt. She came back to the United States a few months ago. She became the B'nai B'rith Youth

Organization director in charge of the towns outside. Omaha (Des Moines, .Sioux City, Lincoln). She saw them as cities with dying Jewish communities, where there is considerably more Interesting than she expected. Sbe/ taught the sixth and seventh grades at Beth El, but after five months of that, she quit because "I got no cooperation from either Beth' El or the parents." She could have Inspired the youngsters on Israel, she felt, but the seventh-graders were unruly, to say the least "It was a waste of my time to do i t " She has been working as a Jewish Federation secretary, typing, filing and thinking about Israel. This summer, her friend from South Africa wUl come to the U.S. and they will tour the country by bus. Then, it will be off to Europe and, ultimately, Israel. Her parents, it seems, were right "The more I'm home, the more convinced I am that I want to be in Israel. I feel that ,1 don't fit into (American) society any more. All people do is eat and drive and watch commercials. This isn't the lifestyle I so choose. I see that, for a lot of people, it's right for them, but I don't want any part of It." "I feel I can do more in Israel. It's a small country. No matter whether you're in the north or south, you read the same newspapers, listentothe same radio stations and you

get a feeling of the country. I know that whatever I do will be felt more by the entire country. There aren't so many kibbutzim there. I felt I was doing something." "I know I'm going to live in Israel, but I don't have the chutzpah to say, 'Yes, I'm going to be an Israeli.' There will be all sorts of obstacles and I find myself wondering if I amtoughenough to do It." She hopes to live in a North African development- town, Yeruham, located south of Beersbeva. After that, she might work In an absorption center. She might also get to start a new kibbutz, or work on a new one. Back to Passover; "When It says in the Haggadah that we came out of bondage, out of Egypt, I feel it. I actually did come out of the Sinai. But to me, the essence of Judaism is Passover. We should be grateful for everything we have and not take any of it for granted. We should not oppress'other people because we ourselves are victims of oppression. "Just lately, } was wondering about all this 'coming out of Egypt' — you know after the Yom Kippur War, some Israeli soldiers may have been captured in Egypt and I wonder what they must have thought about coming out. "I wonder about the soldiers, about Jews. There, are so many Jews stuck in bondage still..,"

Some Passover Artifacts From the Temple Israel Museum Passover has its special items which enhance our celebration of it. They include such as the Seder Plate, the Haggadah, the Seder Cup and Outer Tables.

On the Second Day of Passover in ancient Israel, an Omer—a sheaf or specific measure of grain— was a sacrificial offering on tbe Temple altar. The ensuing seven-week period, which culminates on Shavuot, Js knuwii 85 The Counting of the Gmer. Tbe counting is a daily ritual in Orthodox and Conservative Judaism. According to tradition, the family gathers in tbe evening and, after tne appropriate blessings, the counting of the day Is recited. In. order to tyt^tpfr the counting, Oiner Tables were created, beautifully decorated with colorful inscriptions. Many household! make Omercalendarisuchastbeoneilxve.

The items shown here are a part of the collection of rare objects contained in the Temple Israel Museum in Omaha. They were donated by Temple members.

Ibe wine symbolizes Joy: "And wise that makes Joyful tbe heart of man"-Psalm 104:15. Wedrlnk four cups of wine because of tbe four promises made to our ancestors when they were freed from Egyptian slavery. Shown bere is a very rare, specimen of a Seder Cup that had been In the family of toe late Cantor Manfred Kuttner for generation!. It is glided inside, the work having been done by an unknown craftsman In Augsburg, Germany, in the 18th century.

The items were not damaged hi the tornado last May 6 and again will be on display when the Temple returns to full use later this year. The following Is adapted from the Temple Israel Tidings.

Haggadah comes from the Hebrew word "to tell" or "to explain". Tbe Haggadah Is as much a part of Passover as b the Seder, the Matzoh, the Bitter. Herts, the Wine. It Is the guidebook complete with directions for conducting the Seder and explanations of tbe symbols plus stories, folksongs, riddles and prayers. Most Important, It teus why we celebrate Pesach. This Haggadah was primed in Bodriheun, Germany, in 1787 and Is from the collection of vBin, Kuttner and the late Cantor Kuttner.

Tbe center of the traditional Seder table Is the Seder Plate, on which are placed tbe various symbols of the colorful ceremony. Many of these plates, through Inscription! and decorations, help to tell the ^xrlt*pg story of Passover. Temple Israel received this antique Seder Plate from Milton Livingston prior to his death. It Is made of white metal and embossed on it are tbe Hebrew letters standing for tbe order of the Seder. The pjftfrt |g fringed by filigree.

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April 14. 1976

From Generation to Generation: Omahans' Recipes for Passover Recipe Stories By Barbara Simon

(Stories atright.)

Sally Venger Sally (Mrs. Abe) Venger is the daughter of Toby and Joseph Morgan, who settled in Omaha around 1900. Her father first was a peddler, later a grocer. * '• Her mother and father observed Passover according to Orthodox . Jewish custom, and for the holiday, Mrs. Morgan prepared many delicious foods. She brought the recipes from her city, Slivlta, in Russia. , . Here are two of Mrs. Morgan's dishes, which Mrs. Venger prepares today. She's passed on the recipes to her daughters, Nancy-(Mrs. Bennett) Homstein of Omaha and Enid (Mrs. Stephen) Wenner of Denver. ' • -. VENGE*

VENGE* VEGETABLE KUGBACH

PASsovarorovDw 2 cups boiling water . '/i cup Possover oil I n p . foil 2 tip. «t>0or 1 V4 cupi motion meat 6eggs

6 T. margarine or butler Vi cup chopped green pepper < cup chopped onion ''A cup chopped celery 1 % cups grated raw carrots 1 lOoi.pkg. froien chopped splnoch 3 eggs beaten Add oil to boiling wafer and Ul 1'/, tip. salt bubble vigorously. Add tall, sugar and motion meal. Takt off stove and illr W tsp. pepper • ' wall until blinded and dough If forVi cup motion, meal med. Allow to cool slightly. Add •gat on* at a time, mixing we.ll olltr each; • Saute peppers, onion, celery, carrot Fill greased mulfln. tin wells V, lull. lor 10 mln. Cook splnocn. drain. Combine vegetables. Add eggs, salt, 8ake 30 mln. in preheoted 400 pepper and motion meal. Spoon into a degree oven. Then reduce heat to 350 well-greased muHIn tin with 12 wells. degrees and bake 30 mln. more. Bake 350 degrees lor 45 mln. until Remove from tin immediately and cool brown and firm. Cool lor 10 mln. on wire rock. Mokes 10-12 mutllns. before removing from pan. Serve plain Good with preserves lor breaklast or or with sour cream lor a dairy meal. as dinner rolls. May be used lor de»erts tilled with Passover puddings. ' ' - •

Ida Bernstein ,

j lite Bible Instructs four times that the fatberlell bis children the story of the exodus from Egypt. Central to the celebration of Passover is the Seder and central to the Seder Is the Seder Table. As the family gathers around the table to bear the story, they find on It a variety of symbolic foods, Including matzob.the unleavened bread which the Israelites baked in the desert while fleeing the Egyptians; a bardboiled egg and a roasted lamb

Ida Bernstein's mother, Henye Gerelick, made two wonderful Passover delicacies that Ida bakes today, as do her daughters, Eleanor (Mrs. Leon) Alexander and Sylvia (Mrs, Bob) Wagner and ~ber granddaughter, Phyllis (Mrs. Dick) Glazer. Mrs.' Gerelick made these goodies in the Old Country while Ida watched. The favorite was the candy-like "Ingbelach" made from matzoh farfel and honey. •'_• t. • Ida Bernstein to this day bakes all the traditional treats for Passover and also makes her own gefilte fish, cooking 20-25/ pounds at one time. "I can't give you that recipe, darling," she shank, reminders of the paschal Iamb and the festival offering told me, "because I ddn't have it written down or measured out in temple times; adlshof saltwater for dipping, a symbol of the for a small amount. I do it a little bit of this and a UtUe bit of Israelites' tears; greens, such as parsley or celery; bitter herbs, U f t t . " ••• •••',••••" \;.';-v";-A. •-: usually horseradish or romalne lettuce; charoseth, usually Some day soon I'll have to watch her make gefilte fish and madeof almonds, apples and wine, symbolic of the mortar the Insist that she measure as we go along. Maybernext Passover. Israelites used while In bondage; and wine. (RNS Photo) ' •• B E R N S T E M •• •"•'••••.• • . BERNSTBN •_

Preparing for Pesach: Are You Ready?

. WGeOACH (Motion CorwyJ ' I box motion fctrfffi • . I cup honey 1 cup sugar • Kcupwater leog ) t»p. ginger

Editor'* Note: The following Is from the Tifereth Israel Synogogue Bulletin In Uncoln, Neb. Rabbi Mork Blsmonl* the spiritual leader.

should be used. The following are exceptions to this general • , Passover, the, festival of freedom, begins with candle ..rule: lighting at 6:45 p.m., Wednesday, April 14 (the 15th day of. I. a. Silverware, knives, forks, spoons and cooking Nisan) and ends 30 minutes after sundown (7:45 p.m.), Thurutensils made wholly of metal, used during the year, may be sday, April 22. used on Passover, if first they are thoroughly cleansed and Throughout the eight days of the festival, we abstain from not used for at least 24 hours and then immersed In boiling eating any "chometz" or leaven. Chometz is the fermented water. It is customary to follow this immersion with rinsing product of the five following types of grain: wheat, barley, spelt, in cold water ' ' oats and rye. The rabbis have added rice, millet, corn and b. All table glassware is permitted for use after soaking legumes. This also refers to combinations of these with other for 72 hours", changing the water each 24.hours. ^ foods and derivative products. c. Baking utensils used during the year cannot be used Apart from its observance in the synagogue, Pesach has a during Passover. unique place in the Jewish home because o! the Seder and 2.~Earthenware, enamelware and porcelain utensils used because of the changed atmosphere in the home during the. Passover week. This Passover home atmosphere is created ' during the year may not be used on Passover. 3. The stove and oven are prepared for Pesach by throughly each year by the traditional practice of thoroughly cleansing the home in all its parts and by the removal of all chometz or leaven scrubbing and cleansing all parts and turning on all burners until oven and grates-are red hot or until they become so hot in preparation of the welcoming of Pesach, ' The term chometz or leaven Is applied not only to food that, if touched by a piece of paper, the paper will be singed. whose use is to be avoided during Pesach, but also to the dishes 4. Dishwashers'' may be used lor Pesach after thorough and utensils in which foods are prepared or served during the scouring with boiling water. A new tray is preferred. year.FollowinglsasuggestedguIdeTorPassoverobservance: . 5. All utensils to be "kashered" should be cleansed and FOODSDURINb PESACH "kashered" by.10 a.m, April 14. 1. Forbidden for use: The following foods are forbidden for use during Pesach: Bread, leavened cakes, biscuits-and BEDD&T AND MECHDWT CHOMETZ r ^.crackers, cereals; coffee substances derived from cereals; In addition to refraining.from eating chometz during wheat, barley, oats, rice, dry peas and dry beans and all liquids Pesach, we are instructed to remove all chometz from our -which contain ingredients or flavors made from grain alcohol. homes. In order not to find any chometz, like bread crumbs, 2. Permitted foods; during Pesach, we search everycomer ofthe house where we a. If certified for Passover use by Rabbinical authority: store or have eaten chometz. This search is called "Bedikat . Matzot, ;natzoh flour, Passover noodles, candles, cakes, v Chometz" and should be done April 13 by candlelight. beverages, canned and processed foods, milk, butter, jams, " In order not to own any chometz, i.e., all those food products cheeses, jellies, relishes, dried firuits, salad oils, vegetable' wecan't seem to throw away, we gather it together in one place . - gelatin and shortenings, vinegar, wines and liquors. Labels and authorize the rabbi to sell it to a non-Jew not bound by the and tags marked "Kosher L' Pesach" are of no value unless Passover law. This buyer agrees that If he cannot meet the final they bear rabbinical signature. payment by thejsonclusion of Pesach, he will sell all of it back to. ' •" b. Requiring nry'Kosher L' Pesach" label: Fresh fruits US. and vegetables (except peas and beans, but stringbeans are - permitted). Fruits and those vegetables normally permitted PASSOVER COUNT-DOWN for Passover use are permitted In their frozen state if they —Bedikat Chometz after sunset, Tuesday, April 13; are not precooked or processed. The following foods are —Conclusion of all kasbering by10 a.m., April 14. •< permitted if theyare in unopened packages or containers: —Nomorechometzeatenafter 10a.m.,April 14. natural coffee, sugar, tea, salt and pepper. —Burning of last crumbs, 10a.m. to 11 a.m., April 14. DISHES AND UTENSILS PESACHFni^T£EnERAPBUa4 Only -dishes and>utensils especially. Tjesenved forJ?a«sover.\

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PASSOVER MUFHNS (For use as sandwich bunt 1 or rolls-makes 13 3 cups matzoh farfel 4tggs

Boll sugar and honey In the water lor S.mlnutes. Coat the motion farfel with the egg and spread oh a cookie sheet to dry In a 300 degree oven. Add Ihe farfel to the sugor syrup and cook until it makes a ball in cold water, approximately 10 mln. Wet o cutting board or tray and with wet hands to prevent slicking, pal out the mixture to % Inch thickness. Sprinkle sugar and ginger on lop and cut Into tauarts while hot. Cool and enjoy. Adanuts (orvariety.

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scant, tsp. salt 5 T.iolor 1 /. stick bolter 1 tsp. sugar . 2 cups boiling water Put everything but eggs In a bowl ond pour boiling water over oil. let stand lor 10 minute* until water Is absorbed. Beat In the egg volks. Beat the whiles slid and (old Into the mixture. Grease a 12-well mulfln tin ond (III each well H lull. Sake In o preheated 375 degree oven lor 114 hours until very dry.

A reminder that even at Passover, happiness was hard to come by in the old country, was Ida's answer when I asked, what did you spread on the muffins? She said, "Honey or chicken fat or anything—wewereglajltogelanytWngtoputonthem." -

Jennie Veitzer Jennie Veitzer walked proudly from her-kitchen, carrying a shiny, heavy jelly-roll pan. "THls is the pan my mother used when she first came to this country. It's part of my Passover cookware and I use it every year." .-When she makes her mother's Passover Brownies in it, they never fail, she says, Jennie Veitzer has a reputation of being a marvelous cook, so here are two of her recipes, which she translated from her mother's Yiddish notes. She watched her mother, Ruchel Krantz, make them in Russia, and has made them herself each year. Soon they will be turned over-to her daughter, Fran (Mrs. Louis) Blumkln arid her daughters-in-law, Joodl (Mrs..Norman) Veitzer and Gail (Mrs. Irving) Veitzer. ' . VBTZER - VBTZfl! PASSOVER BROWNIES MAIZOHKUGa 4eggt 2 cups sugar ••* - 4 cup motion {oriel % cup motion meal . • '/Vpafalostarch. • 3 large applet peeled and grated 4 T. cocoa v '/icupsuoar 1/3 cup oil . -5 ' 4f.oil. % cup coke meat 1T. lemon |ulce and rind '/« cup orange lufce" 11sp. clnnomon % cup chopped nuts . y Blend oil, sugar ana eggs Add ,1 tsp, toll cocoa moistened whh a drop of water Slh dry Ingredients and alternate with Place larfel In colander qni Kald lulce. Spread In a 15"xll"«r |»lly roll with bolllng.water until soft. Drain. pan ond boke 350 degrees oven* for 30 Beat eggs well ond add sugar, salt, mln Cool ond cut Into squares, lemon end cinnamon. Add farfel and Ruchel Kranli' kufltl was tranopple.' Preheat baking dish with oil scribed not only from the Yiddish but until hot. Pour mixture Into dish. Bake also from Ihe oral estimation of 350 degrees until brown but moUl iMOSurementi ("a pinch here and a inside. Serve* 9. Nuts, raisins ond little bit there").; Jennie VellierV wine may be added lor variety. written version Is guaranteed delicious. »'.

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Holiday Beef SteW-^ A Flavorful Passover Dish NEW YORK - The excitement • of preparing (or - Passover began weeks—even months — before the holiday. There was wine to , be nude. ..rusell, the special Passover vinegar made from beets, bad to be started.. .and meals; for the eight days of Passover were planned. Strict dietary laws are observed for the Passover

season, Some everyday foods chicken soup fills most Jewish are specifically forbidden and households across the counfoods served during this eight- try. ... day period are distinguished by the absence of any form of , . Along with your traditional leavened bread, grain, peas; specialties, why not Include some new ideas in, your beans, lentils and garlic. Passover meals this year? Many Jewish cooks serve Holiday Beef Stew is a traditional family favorites delicious meat and vegetable during the~Passover season. dish flavored with onion and The aroma of kugel and rosemary leaves. The recipe knaldlach, mondlen and uses Peanut oil, the lightest of

the polyunsaturated cooking oils. Peanyt oil is the favorite choice among Jewish 'cooks for Passover dishes because its delicate flavor blends well with other foods. BOUDAYBEEPSTEW 1 pound* beef chuck, cot Into l.ti-lneb I c q a sliced onion 1 leeapooos kosher tall

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ttteaspoonpefoer K teaspoon rosemary k m , crushed lcupwatcr | J cups H a * csrrotpiecea icupsl-tnchceSeryptKaa. 1 tablespoon potato Stan* ) tablespoons water Heat Peanut Oil In Dutcb oven or large saucepoL Add meat and brown thoroughly. Add onloo, salt, pepper and roaemarjr. Cook •Uirtng untU onions are softened. Sltr In tomato paste and 1 cup water. Bring to a boll Reduce heat Cover and simmer I hour. Add carrots and celery. Cook JO minutes longer, or until vegetables and meat are tender. Blend together potato starch and remaining 2 tablespoons wster. Stir into stew; cook Just until thickened. Makes 8 servings.

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April 14,1976

'Little Angel'Ida NudelAsks:

PASSOVEfi GREETINGS .

Th«J«wt«hPraM

7M-I357

Best Wishes

Hats' Hiding Places Are 'State Secrets'? . Her first application was difficult conditions,"4 she denied on the grounds she bad continues. access to state secrets. "The "I was beaten and hounded greatest secret I nave ever like a wild beast during a hunt. Ida Nudel has fondly been had accesstohave been where I Was seized In the street many referred to as "the little the rate and mice build their times and thrown into dirty angel" by Soviet Jews who note," she protested "For and smelly cellars that are have been denied visas, im- these ac-called 'state secrets'I called preliminary detention prisoned in labor camps or am prevented from leaving cells. In them I lay on dirty followed by the Soviet secret the USSR." floors, together with police, the KGB. Whenever a However, the existence of criminals. I wiped those floors Soviet Jew suffers, she is the this field of study in the USSR with my body." * flrsttooffercomfort. is not a military secret, her Ida is still continuing her The Jewish Prisoners of relatives' recent appeal points fight and struggle to obtain an Conscience ( P O O in out. "When the Presidium of exit visa-a visa to which she Vladimir, Potma and Perm the Supreme Soviet of the is fully entitled under both labor camps Enow Ida well. USSR ratified and later Russian law and the Universal She keeps in regular enacted in the USSR the In- Declaration of Human Rights. correspondence, sending soup ternational Convention on the Telecommunication with cubes, vitamins, medicines 'Prohibition of Producing and her is now impossible and and letters to boost their Accumulating Microbiological very little mall Is reaching physical condition and moral and Toxtcal Weapons,'" the her. Moreover, fears are spirit. documents point out, "it in- growing (hat 'charges are David Chernoglas, former directly confirmed that Ida being prepared against her POC who convalesced in Ida's Nudel did not possess any which may culminate in her apartment in Moscow after secret weapons. being tried for alleged being released from Potma, "Moreover, on July 11,1975, economic crimes. There is no remarked on his arrival in indication that she will ever . Israel, "A person who has not the Deputy Director of the receive permission to leave. Chief Administration of the been in prison could not en"The tiny piece of paper visage what Ida Nudel means Microbiological Industry,' to the prisoners. No woman on Nikolay lvanovich Radln, had that we call a visa costs 900 earth merits help more than officially told Ida that the rubles in Soviet money," Ida she does, for there is no person Administration never placed once wrote.."But nobody has in this world who has done any restrictions on her established the measure of possibilities to emigrate," suffering that must be paid for more for Jewish prisoners. Brind and Fridman finished. that tiny piece of paper." * "Her constant care find In a letter to Aleksandra attention," be continued, "Is Pakhmutova, member of the the only factor which keeps Soviet Committee on In- Rabbi Honored their morals high.. .There is ternational Women's Year, NEW YORK - Rabbi Israel no woman on earth whom we Ida Nudel wrote, "I have no Miller past president of the value more." intention of criticizing Russia, •A recent appeal on her I have no Intentln of criticizing American Zionist Federation behalf addressed to the the Russian people. I was born was honored on March 28 by Communist Parties of Great , in Russia, I spent 40 years the AZA National Board. Rabbi Miller, who Just Britain, Prance, Italy and the here and nobody can separate United States and obtained by me from my childhood, nor completed his term as chairman of the Conference of the National Conference on adolescence, nor maturity. Presidents of Major American Soviet Jewry was sent by her "I was bom and I was raisec Jewish Organizations,- was husband, former POC Yuli Brind; and liana Fridman, her here, I am part of this land. cited for bis devotion to and sister, both now living In But I am also part of another work for Israel and the Jewish land as weD, aland thattothe people, at a luncheon in his Israel. dream of my people—my "The tragedy of our ancient, wise, passionate honor. family;" the appeal begins, people with the fate of a "He Is a man who has shown "is one of the grave violations martyr." leadership, wisdom, energy of the Universal Declaration • Looking back on four years and action", said Mrs. Faye of Human Rights." of constant harassment, Ida Schenk, president of A2F. "He When she first applied for an was the first president of the exit visa in 1971, ida was asked, "What haven't they AZF and he helped us throflgn dismissed from her job in done to me?" Then she an- our formative years." Moscow's Institute of Plan- swered her own question: Rabbi Miller is chairman of "I was placed hi a prison ning and Production, where the Executive Committee for punishment cell when I apshe studied the standards of University Affairs of Yeshiva hygiene in food shops and the plied to the Presidium of the University and - a vice control of infection in various Supreme Soviet. There I was president of the University. tortured with hunger and . foods. fly Jonathan Schenker

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The Jewith Press

Rabbi Brooks'Mysterious! Kkkhish Cup OMAHA - Rabbi Sidney Brooks owns a beautiful Kiddush cup with' a rather mysterious past which he uses for Seder, Sabbath and all other holidays. The stiver cup is> inscribed with the date 1824. A silversmith, expert on antiques has told him It pre-dates that time, based on the cup's shape and workmanship. The story goes that the original owner, whose same may be lost to history, received the cup for his Bar Mitzvah. It was a valuable posseslon in the family and' bears the initials "HBS", but no one knows who that is, either. When this young man left Germany for the United States, bis family gave him only a little cash and the clothe* tie was wearing. They insisted he take the cup with him as a treasure from his past, and as the most valuable thing they had to send with him. He lived in Philadelphia (or some months when his money ran out. He became very ill. He did not have money to pay doctors or the Hospital. He appealed to an acquaintance of his, one Samuel Weil, a wealthy Jew and prominent manufacturer, who was a founder of Jewish Hospital in Philadelphia. Weil saw ,to it that the young man got good medical care, free of charge. The man recovered and later gave Weil the treasured cup to show his gratitude. The cup was in the Weil family for many years. When Weil died, the cup remained with his widow, Betty. Her daughter, Frances Weil, married Jacob Schwarz II and the cup was willed to him at Betty Weil's death. One of Jacob and Frances' children was Albert Scbwarz, husband of Rabbi Brooks' mother. Jacob Schwarz gave the cup to the young Sidney as a treasure from the past. The cup was used at the wedding of Jacob Schwarz "and Mrs. Brooks, and Jane and Sidney

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BLACK ANGUS Rabbi Brooks holds historic Kiddush cup. (JP Photo) Brooks were also married where he officiated to look with)'. .pretty and be touched with Rabbi Brooks used It on the tradition and beauty, p u l p i t of h i s first The kiddush cup with the Congregation, and, as he1 says, remarkable history will grace "schlepped it" back and forth the Brooks' Seder table again to ceremonies in. the navy this year and be another yard when he was in the symbol of the continuity of the service in Richmond, Va. He generations. wanted the Jewish occasions. Barbara Simon.

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commentaries, readings and hashkafah. It was the first to establish a comprehensive tape library In the United States, which is housed on the multi-million dollar Flatbush compus of the Yeshiva Torah Vodaath and Mcslvta, whose alumni began the recording project in the latel960's. " It has announced that synagogues; Institutions and yeshivos will be given the opportunity to purchase their initial set of tapes at cost ' price, in order to help establish their libraries, while those with no money, may be given assistance in initiating their collection of recordings.

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ADL's Rosen Discusses Desegregation, Arabs OMAHA -• "The weakening Education, the Supreme Court .of democracy presents a case in the mid-1950's that threat to our security as a sparked the call, for minority group In American desegregation of the school society," Ab Rosen said here systems. "There has J>een imich recently. • He was commenting on national pain and agony in something near and dear to i m p l e m e n t i n g " t h e • many Omahans, Jewish and desegregation' decision, he non-Jewish: the school noted. However, be said, the desegregation issue and Jewish people believe that/ possible implementation of it equality for all is correct and second, be said, "even if you by court-ordered busing. A. Abbot (Ab) Rosen is the have doubts about the wisdom midwest Director of the Anti- of the court order (ordering Defamation League of B'nai busing as the means to S'rith. He formerly was the"" achieve desegregation), there chief of the Civil - Rights is the moral obligation to Section of the U.S. Depart- upboldthelaw." ment of Justice. The Jewish community The attorney also was a here, be suggested, "should member of the US. delegation attempt to devise programs to the fledgling United with other segments of the Nations, and also has served community to ease the as legal advisor to the counsel situation." that worked on the Genocide "The point is, I think the. Treaty. Jewish community, as we Regarding busing and in-, address ourselves to more tegration, Rosen, who visited parochial concerns, is living with the Omaha Jewish here and bis to maintain an Federation's Community. active interest and take an Relations Committee and active part in the democratic ADLrCRC Director Howard , process." Turning to the recent Arab Wemstein, pointed out that the U.S. Jewish community, oil crisis, In which" many through the ADL, participated American Jewish leaders In Brown vs. Board of w o r r i e d t h a t t h e i r

Ab Rosen organizations were not able to handle the tremendous antiIsracij, a n t i - J e w i s h propaganda situation, Rosen responded: "Without patting ourselves' on the back or prematurely, congratulating ourselves, we have "gotten ourselves together quite well. The problems are still with us, but we're not defenseless." He said organizations such as the ADL have worked against two fears generated by the Arab boycott-Hie possible weakening df the American Jewish position in this country and the possible.

weakening of the Israeli economy, which would make her more vulnerable to attack. "We have tried to find openings where we can bring to bear the force of com.jnunlty effort," be said of the counterattack. . He cited the ADL's objections—followed by the filing of a lawsult-agalnst former Secretary of Commerce J. Rogers Morton when the latter solicited bids with the Arabs through his office. Morton "bowed" without a trial. There have also.been the ADL's suits against companies cooperating with the Arab boycott. Rosen offered two examples of ADL success in the midwest: One was with the International School Services of Princeton, N.J., a firm, that recruits teachers for overseas jobs. It had put out a Job order to Illinois colleges from the Arab emirate oTDubai which had specified it would. Cake no referrals who were Jewlshr had Jewish names or were of Jewish ancestry. The ADL finally got ISS .to agree to oppose this stipulation — in fact, ISS said it would see

itixf

Leo Sherman and Mike Sherman Wish you all a very happy Passover

qualified Jewish applicants. The other success was with MUCIA, the midwestern university consortium which provides consultants to higher education. MUCIA, comprised of the Universities of Minnesota, Wisconsin, Illinois, Michigan State and Indiana, had been hired by a Saudi Arabian university to create a new facility and faculty. I'll soon became obvious that no Jewish professors would get visas to Saudi Arabia," Rosen slid. "It was an example of blatant "We met with the various university professors and, I'm happy to say, attended the meeting where MUCIA voted to cancel the contract." The ADL "let them know our great concern, that this goes beyond just one or two or three professors," said Rosen. The MUCIA leaders began to realize that their seemingly innocent actions might have led to their being considered bigots,-Rosen said. The ADL has not been as successful in dealing with banks handling Arab contracts, Rosen admitted. The ADL appealed to

Federal Reserve Director Arthur Burns regarding the banks' extending letters.of credit only to firms not boycotted by the Arabs. C o n t r a c t o r s and subcontractors were investigated by the banks. > Burns urged the banks to give up the practice but "unfortunately, the cooperation of the banks has not been what we've wanted it to be. The banksjay 'It's not the law' and so we may have to go back to Congress." , Regarding the battle by some to reinstate prayer In the schools. Rosen said this is a "phony Issue. "These people say, 'It's just a little prayer in the morning — who can object to that? "The next thing will be the Inclusion of certain 'little books - *who can object to that?' "It's a situation that involves not only the Jewish community but other religious communities." T It's a matter of separation of church and state as provided by the U.S. Constitution, he said. "We've seen what communal strife can do" hi such places as Ireland and Lebanon. _Rjchard Pearl

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From Nebraska, With Esteem Edttor*! Note: Tte folknring letter was tutimUted to UM Jewiib Pnm bjr Ruth (Mrs. Harry) Lcvtomt, who CUM upon it recently while wotting id tfae Uniraiity of Nebraska Archive*. Printed in the»Uy>l»»l«iueofUieNebr«iUAlumnuiMig«ttne,itibowi academic and ipliituil brotherhoodtowardsthe Jewlih people of thatdiy.

GREET HEBREW UNIVERSITY To the new University 6f Jerusalem, the University of Nebraska sent a congratulatory message which was presumably read at the ceremonies in connection with the opening of the Hebrew instttution on April 1. The message was composed by Dr. Lucius Adelno Sherman, senior dean and chairman of the Department of English. It was as follows: •..-... "The chancellor, the senate, and the board of regents ol the University of Nebraska, in the capital city of that state, send academic and fraternal greetings to the

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president, faculties and governing board of the new University of Jerusalem. ' 'There is a thrill In our thought of master scientists and thinkers of Zionist folk as installed in chairs of instruction at the source and center of the greatest influence that have gone forth to men. Yours Is the latest phase of ah age-old campaign against Ignorance and vulgarity. A thousand years ago, the rays of illumination penetrated westward from Bologna to Paris and Oxford, and thence itpread over darkened Europe. Crossing the Atlantic, this sunrise has moved onward to the shores of the Pacific. It is the university standing midmost in this long line of outposts that now salutes you. We beg to add our congratulations, and assurances of our sympathy and esteem, and of our confidence thafyour zeal and devotion will be rewarded richly in your own years of service, and bear fruit increasingly through the generations yet to be bom.V

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Omaha Jewish Library's Collection Of Holocaust Books Catalogued OMAHA-During the past 30 years, the 'Omaha Jewish Federation Library has been acquiring a significant collection of literature dealing with the Holocaust period of Jewish history'. In 1973, a major project was undertaken by the Library—to catalogue the Holocaust collection so that it might be used by historians and scholars, students and teachers and the public in g e n e r a l . ••'•:•-

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, Tills task was handled on a volunteer basis by Dr. Martin P. Wolf, assistant superintendent of Iowa .Western Community College in Council

Bluffs and the husband of Federation Librarian Edythe Wolf. ' Using the Weine Classification System for Judaica Libraries as a starting point, the entire collection was r e v i e w e d and. a classification, system developed for the books. Each book was then catalogued according to both a basic classification and then subject-classified for crossreference through the card catalogue. Four major classification areas are defined: 9(0.4 - General histories of Germany and Europe, 1925-

Jewlsh Press Book Review

One Man in a Million Adm-jtr" b> lkiri> fel Vntul

B) Subtitles are as necessary as whipped cream on a legal tort. But if a subtitle will excite the appetite for this brilliantly executed biography, then let this subhead stand beneath the title: "A Man' Who Lived By The Scriptures". • ,..• George Creamer, a Denver •*g? lawyer, lived selflessly (or his fellow man. For two decades ! he was in and out of court challenging various governmental revenue-raising or ._ zoning schemes which he felt were unconstitutional. And, he won more than he lost. • During his short .career he earned the respect > of those . fortunate enough to have his . defense as well as the op, ponent who fell beneath the

Jab of his rapier sharp tongue. Among bis friends were rabbis, journalists, lawyers, Judges and Denver Mayor, W. H. McNIchols.

George'* causes were unequal taxation, fair legislative k& g

th ih of the poor and, the rights middle classes. To list Us accompUsnaaests in the area of clvU rights would take a small volume. "Fragile Advocate" isn't a recitation of these accomplishments. What we have here is a portrait of the "unofficial patron saint of local taxpayers", who was more than that. He was a humane human being, possessing wit, charm/sense of Justice and love of humanity. The quality of life has diminished with his passing.

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JwwfahPraw Book Review

Cruelty And Determination Why? Extermination Camp Lwow

1945, with little or no reference (Lemberg), 134 Janowska Street, Poland by Leon Rlchman (New to the Holocaust. These are York: Vantage Press, 1975,273 p.) basic history books that provide historical Information : Reviewed By as a background to. the Dr. Martin P. Wolf Holocaust. . The documentation of the 940.41 through »40.44-The Nazi Holocaust ur Poland Holocaust period subdivided continues through the flow of by special subject areas: personal narrative-type books 940.41 — General works such as this one. on the Holocaust covering the period from 1925 to DrJfartinP.Wolf Leon Richman's ex1945. periences at the Lwow ConThe Concentration Camps centration Camp leaves the . 940.415 - The Pre-War iby name); Germany — reader of Holocaust literature refugees. Politics & Government; 1925- in despair. Lwow was a 940.42 ~ - The Con1945; Children; Poetry; miniature Dachau, an. excentration Camps. Personal Narratives; Nazi termination center disguised 940.4 3 The Leaders; Pictorial works; Resistance. as a work camp. 940.435 The Medical Experiments; The book explodes with Resistance — Warsaw ' Resistance; Refugees; the SS;Ghetto. Trials; War Criminals; detail of murder, sickness, 940.44 - Other counWarsaw Ghetto; Individuals c r u e l t y and the slow degeneration and eventual tries, including special (byname). numbers for Poland, There are over 350 books in destruction of thousands of Hungary, Czechoslovakia, the collection thus catalogued. Jewish men in southeastern Rumania, Denmark, Each year all significant new Poland. Norway, Holland and all Holocaust • books are purThe reader is struck by the of Western and Eastern chased and added to the Europe. collection. In addition, there determination of the Jewish 940.45 through S40.4S8-The are filmstrips, tapes and Dims women in Lwow who continue post-war Holocaust period, that also are a part of the' to send packages of food and clothing to their men and emphasizing reconstruction of collection. the victims, the trials of the "As we Jews of Omaha gather in the streets to talk to war criminals, the personal begin once again the their husbands and fathers as narratives written by the celebration of Passover and they pass by on forced work survivors, analyses of the are reminded that Individual gangs. churches and their relation- freedom is a most precious One admires the prisoners ship with the Holocaust period thing," said Dr. Wolf, "we whispering kaddish at the and biographies of significant may also be reminded that, gravesttes they are digging figures of the Holocaust there was a time in our recent for their murdered comrades; period. • History when the freedom of Why read such a book? Why 940.5 — The Reconstruction the Jewish people — and even relive with Rlchman such Period of Germany and .the whole world's freedom — / misery and degradation? The w a s j e o p a r d i z e d by answer may be found, Europe. The subject headings allow totalitarianism in the deadly perhaps, in a statement the public to select out specific formoffadsm. recently made by the nominee Holocaust subjects by using "The F e d e r a t i o n ' s for president of Rotary Inthe card catalogue. Here are H o l o c a u s t c o l l e c t i o n * ternational, who referred to some of the subject headings documents' that time. May his ownS.S. past as something that may be found: ' there never be another."

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he would rather forget and we should alliorget. • -» The Holocaust literature, especially the personal narratives, remind us and the rest of the world that we can not, and should not, forget. Soon all will be dead - the Nazis and their assistants, the victims who survived. Only the written documents, the books, will be left to bear mute testimony to this disaster In human history. " Let the survivors write the stories so that we may remember history, rather than be condemned to relive if. Tint book la trattable at the Oman* Jewish Federation Ubwiy."

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How Stalin TbolcSare ofiJewish Censors .

I-

(CooUhuedfromPage3l) Soviet Russia); or that, in some town, an Illegal Hebrew school had been discovered. Every time I appeared before Podolsky with a cable containing such news he would becomejrritated In his mild fashion against the Jewish Communist publications reporting it. He nevertheless passed the cables. He really had no choice, because he understood that two days later the "Ernes" and other JewishSoviet newspapers would .arrive abroad; thence,the news would be transmitted to America anyway. - It finally reached a point some months after my arrival in' Moscow that Podolsky concluded that the "Ernes" and other Jewish Communist newspapers In Kharkov and Minsk were more detrimental than useful to Soviet interests because they could not comprehend that Uwy were providing anti-Soviet material to the outside world. What bad most unnerved him was the fact that the

people in the Yevsekzia, Jewish .section of the Communist Party, began to accuse him before "higher inner circles" of passing anti-Soviet news for me. These people conveniently failed to mention that those news items originated in their own publications. , ' Podolsky was thoroughly conversant with his work and the Yevsekzia denouncements did not harm him in any way. He had ready access even to Stalin himself whenever that became necessary. His record as a Communist stood above suspicion. He had been a Bolshevik long before any of the leaders of the Yevsekzia had adopted that persuasion. The largest part of the Yevsekzia, before the Revolution, had been either Bundlsts or Socialist-Territorialists. " Eventually Podolsky was appointed 6oviet Ambassador to Vienna. That was a very' important post because Vienna, at that time, was the diplomatic center of Central

Europe and all the Balkan countries. After a period In Vienna, he was designated Soviet Ambassador to Iran, which was a - still more important post, because of the common border shared by Soviet Russia and Iran, and also because Iran was the center from which the Soviets were contending with England for diplomatic Influence in the Moslem countries of the Middle East. I left Moscow for America before P o d o l s k y ' s appointment as Ambassador to Vienna, and^then I heard nothing more about him. When I visited Moscow .again after the war years, I met a number of well-known Soviet writers who had survived Stalin's Insane years of mass liquidation/ I naturally inquired after people whom I had known years before, among then Podolsky. The facts I learned left a gruesome impression on me. '..This is what they had told me about Podolsky: In 1938, when Stalin began to

eliminate Jews from Im- master's office to pick up the portant positions, especially in message. â&#x20AC;˘ diplomatic posts, Podolsky, He never reboarded that who was then in Teheran, the train. It left for Moscow capital of Iran, received an without him. He vanished in urgent call to return to that railway station and was Moscow. He was told that he never heard from again. Later waT being recalled for an it became known that he bad important consultation of been among those who Soviet diplomats. Without perished in the great wasting any tune, the very liquidation which Stalin had next day, Podolsky boarded a carried out. train to Moscow. His wife and children were When the train crossed the informed In Teheran that they Iranian border into Soviet should return to Moscow. Russia, and stopped at one of They were led to believe that the larger railway stations, a Podolsky was to remain In Soviet civilian official entered Moscow a long time. Without the car where Podolsky sat suspecting anything, - the and informed him that there family came to Moscow exwas an especially urgent pecting to be met by Podolsky message for him from at the railway station. Moscow. He told him that the No one appeared. They station master had been In- could not understand what had structed to deliver It to him in happened. They spent that person and to wait for an night hi the station sleeping In immediate reply for tran- their clothes. The next morsmission by telegraph to ning his wife began to Moscow. telephone the Foreign ComUnsuspecting of any foul missariat and other places to play, Podolsky left his 'learn the whereabouts of her traveling bags on the tram and husband. ^Everywhere she went down to the station received the same answer: no

one had seen bun in Moscow. No one had even known that be was to come to Moscow. Some- people who were acquainted with the Podolsky family had seen his wile and children sleeping on park benches for several days. Apparently they had found no living quarters. What finally became of them no one knew. That was the tragic end of one of the three Jews engaged in censoring* news of foreign correspondents during the first 15 years of the Soviet Revolution. The other two ' were also liquidated, under tragic circumstances. At present, none, of the censors hi the Soviet Foreign Ministry is a Jew. . SOLAR HEAT Solar heating equipment developed and manufactured in Israel has been Installed by Mlromlt Ltd. in a "research model" apartment-building at a center of the National Aeronautic and Space Administration.

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Marie Klein Recalls Pinafores, Pleasant Times wounded in the Second Battle of Bull Run. In Omaha, he t r a d e d c a t t l e at the stockyards. Nettie's mother, whose maiden name was Haas, had a brother, Andrew,, who was on the first Temple Israel Cemetery board In the 187O's in Omaha, , Marie's father, Meyer Klein, left Paris for New York In 188? at age 16. He lived with Omaha as a baby, being cossmi for a few yean, then brought here from Pittsburgh' came to Omaha to join an by her family in the 1880's. older brother In the liquor Nettie's father, Louis, had left business. They had a store on ">• bis native Germany for Ohio 16th and California until - in the 1860's and had fought In Prohibition closed It and he the Civil War, getting went into Insurance work. His High-button sboes and organdy pinafores. "'•" These were some of the fashions that Marie Klein, who is today the wife of Louis Mayer, retired management consultant, wore as a young girl growing up in Omaha in the years before the FirstWorld War. Her m o t h e r , ' N e t t i e Rothschild, had grown up here, too. Nettie had come to

Enjoying pinochle back around 1920 were are Ed Treller, second from right, and Meyer Klein, right, along with Sol Bergman and Sam Frank. • , ,, .

and they would see batches of parents remained in France. The Kleins and the her fambus kuchen dough Rothschilds brought with Waiting to rise. them to Omaha the attitudes When the Kleins needed ice of many early settlers from from the ice man, they would Western Europe: tremendous put a card In the front window energy and a determination to signal him to stop that day. and optimism about success. This card Job was often Their Jewish practices were Marie's. liberal and Reform, and they Mrs. Klein canned tomatoes pitched into the' civic and and preserves, pickles and secular business of town- fruit. She had homemade soup building and business-making. ready almost every night for Meyer Klein established dinner, because it was Meyer himself as a businessman and • Klein's favorite. a v i d worker for •>the Grandmother Rothschild Democratic Party. He held a lived with the Kleins in the big -key position as a state house on 35th and Harney. She organizer and won an In- remained active (or many vitation to President Woodrow years in the Temple Israel Wilson's Inauguration. Sisterhood and as a fundHe m a r r i e d N e t t i e raising solicitor for many Rothschild in 1899 at the charities. Marie and her Metropolitan Club and set up brother attended; Temple housekeeping on 24th and St. Sunday School and were Mary's and later on 35th and confirmed. Although they Harney,'where Marie grew observed the Jewish holidays up. and ate only matzohs during Marie and her older brother Passover, they did not observe Irving rode their bicycles to Seder, v ' ,,: Columbian School at 38th and Looking back; today, Marie Jackson, -coming home for. lunch every day, On these Klein sighs a bit wistfully and days they were likely to find says, "It was a better life then tbeir mother in the midst of than today. We went making her own noodles, with everywhere without fear of ttae help of a noodle machine, crime or violence.',' She arid

Happy Passover

Marie sits on her mother's lap while brother Irving stands by in this photo (Circa 1914) taken at their 24 th and St. Mary's borne; her family would ride the streetcar.downtown to shop and go to silent movies at the Rialto or the Paramount or theHipp. • . Marie's mother spent much tune in the kitchen cooking and baking, but she was fortunate to have live-ln-help and such now-forgotten ser-

vices as a vegetable man who came t o ' the door and deliveries from the butcher shop. ' The coal furnace hi the large b a s e m e n t required a "fireman" to stoke it twice a day—and » man came by the Klein's house at 6 a.m. and 6 (Continued on Page 43) •

Happy Passover

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Ma//© Klein Recalls Pleasant Times. (Continued from Page 42) ' p.m. to 4o this On laundry days, a woman came to help scrub with the

Marie remember*, the crystal set to the family l l v l n 8 room and the music programs that were broadcast over, all the way from Station KOKA, Pittsburgh, Pa. The Kleins had a wind-up Vlctrola and spent leisure (time listening to records and to radio. \(Marie's fatherirelaxed ewKj^Sunday^ffern^jn at a pinochle game, a tradition that went on for many years and included such men as'Ed Treller among the "regulars." Marie arid her friends lived a good life in the old days. Early on, they blked and skipped rope. Gradually Jumpers and midi-blouses gave way to chiffons and sequins Marie and her dates went on picnics to Elmwood Park and Krug Park and danced at the Paxton Hotel and the Brandete Tea Room to orchestral music. Life was pleasant for Marie Klein Mayer, growing up in Omaha, before the 1920's. —Barbara Simon.

washboard and run the clothes Mrs. Klein, like her mother through the wringer. And before her, was active In the another woman came the next Temple Sisterhood and in day to help with the ironing. - Temple (undralsing activities.

Marie Kleln-ca. 1929.

Marie Weln Mayer today. (JP Photo)

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Sephardic Jews: Doing Too Well in France? By Ben G. Prank PARIS-Sephardlc Jews from North Africa, who have today a slight majority in the French Jewish community, have, done -so well in their adjustment to France that the success worries French Jewish leaders. What will the next decade bring? they ask. One Jewish leader even goes so, far as to say that Jews in France' simply assimilate after the second generation. Others say it will not happen now, for there are dose ties with the State of Israel and France has a vibrant Jewish ' community. One fact certainly is emerging: there is no doubt that the French Jewish community, the third largest outside of Israel, is gaining in importance in world Jewry. Paris itself has become a center of Jewish life. ; There are about 250.000 to 300.000 Jews. 70 synagogues and 120 kosher butcher shops, in the French capital, plus ol course two large Jewish community -centers. One is called the Centre Universitaire Broca. It is new and modern and'any-Jewish, community in the United States would be proud to have such a Center. '.There are several Impressive monuments and memorials to Jews who perished in World War II. There are historic landmarks for Jews, such as the hotel " where Theodor Here] wrote. • the "Jewish State."-There are kosher restaurants, a Jewish museum and several famous synagogues. Actually, it is the North African Jews who have coo-' tributed to French Jewish life Witti their clubs and activities. They are the ones who have given the community its strength to demonstrate, if need be, for Jewiab rights and for brad. ' -

One French Jewish leader~ said that it Is toe North African Jews who give the community a push when demonstrations are needed. And French Jewry in recent years especially has made what they call "representations" to the French government to point out that French interests would be better served by supporting Israel, too. (France, as did other Common Market nations,, voted against the anti-Zionist resolution). French Jewish leaders and Israeli officials agree that the atmosphere is better regarding Israel-French relations. At feast, said one Israeli, the French will listen and while on some issues they will be proArab, they have moved toward Israel when they felt it was in their interests to do so. For example, they did agree to the European .Common Market-Israel accord, ex^

eluding the Arabs. "AataBatioo to « Moreover, though France inawidscpensodelysocbas sells military hardware to the the French one,"1 said a Arabs, it also can sell to J^rtshleader.Reugtoabob Israel; the embargo has been on the wane In France and lifted. Finally, S e n have lack of interest in religion on been diplomatic and cultural the part of Christians also exchanges. percolates down to the Jews. Leon Masliah. director of While there are delicate relations between France and the Conslstoire Central the USSR, French Jewry has Israelite de France, said that demonstrated en masse for 'for the first 10 years. North Soviet Jews and French African Jews were busy President Giscard-d'Estaing working on getting settled agreed to discuss the matter economically, but now of Soviet Jews with the because^ French society^ "every opportunity is open to Russians. . But a visitor to the French them." Jewish community is also Moreover, because the' struck by the realization that French economy has done new community centers, more very well these past dozen, Hebrew schools, more youth years, French Jews .have activities, are needed i( fared well financially. There French Jewry is to survive. are few poor Jews in France, For France assimilates asserted one Jewish leader. " In fact, North African Jews people faster than any other country in the world and that have made sure that their g o e s for Jews, too. (Continued on Page 46)

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As we celebrate Fkssover, we must renew our dedication to the vision of a life of freedom and dignity for all our people This year, let us fill the Fifth Cup the Cup of Elijah, as a symbol of Jewish hope and strength.

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Sephardic Jews: Doing Too Well in France?

PatLsnunsra

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(Continued from Page 44) children took advantage of toe French educational system and many Sephardim have entered the professions. They are doctors, pharmacists, lawyers, and professors and no longer only artisans and businessmen as they were in Algeria or Morocco. But Jews In France, whether they are from North Africa, Eastern Europe, or native-born, have played and are playing an Important role in French life In all fields. Besides tbe Rothschilds, there was the late Rene Cassia, the Nobel Priie-winning scientist; and also Pierre MendesFrance, former French Prime Minister; Raymond Aron, the sociologist; Max Albert,

general manager for France of Air France; Andre Senwan-Bart, winner of the prestigious Concourt prbe for literature for his novel, "Hie LastoftbeJusL" In the arts, there are Marcel Marceau, Slmone Slgnoret, Anouk Almee and thousands of others. But the success also brings problems. Intermarriage is 40 to 50 percent. While there probably is antiSemitism in France—where is there not anti-Semitism?—it is not talked about by French Jewish leaders as a current threat. They say antiSemitism has been reduced by ecumenism, although some fear the recession could stimulate it.

' . . Late Into The Night' Kiva Hornsteln came to Omaha somewhat later than many of the Eastern European Jews presented on these pages. Kiva, now 85 and a resident of the Dr. Philip Sher Home, arrived'here in 1913, at age 23 fresh from three years in (he Russian Army stationed in Siberia. "Those were not bad years, in the Army," he recalls. "For the first time, I always had enough to eat." One Passover memory from those days stays with him: ----The army camp was near the village of Kansk. Each of the Passovers while Kiva was there, a wealthy Jewish merchant from the town came to the camp and rounded up the three or four Jewish soldiers. He took them to his bouse in the town to Join his family at his Seder, "It was a wonderful feast," says Kiva. "We ate and sang late into (be night."

It is not dear whether French Jewry can arrest the assimilation. But closer ties wUhJsrael and with America could help in bringing modern educational methods and programs that could slow down the rate of assimilation. There are shlichim from Israel in France.There is an increase in the number of day schools and Jewish religious schools. Contacts between American and French Jewry should; continue and should increase. For after all, French Jewry is a larger Jewish community than England's or South America's, and because of its vitality and strength it deserves more approaches and communication with other Jewish groups than it has received in the past. ,,

Calendar Planned i BUDAPEST (JTA) - The Hungarian Jewish community' is planning to publish three books this year, including a1 Hebrew calendar and; daybook. The total printing; figure for the three books IS' given as 12,888 copies bycommunity sources here. The sources say the Hebrew calendar is the only one of its type available in Eastern Europe. By way of comparison, the Catholic Church; is due to publish 22 religious? books totaling350,OOOcopie».i?f

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ByMrs.FayeScbenk uneducated; and the fourth, so unaware he does not even know what to ask. Passover, in early Biblical times, was the Many of us, Jewish and non-Jewish belong to beginning of the Jewish New Year. It marked the Jewish people's emergence from hostile the first category; the second U amply 'domination and their entry Into the world as a represented by those who prefer to preach hatred and anti-Semitism rather than work new nation. But before their nationhood could fully be towards peace; the third, despite our efforts, realized, they had to cross a desert, wage war, still untouched and uninvolved; and the fourth, overcome famine and organize themselves into BO far beyond the pale of Jewish concerns that today, amidst the latest Zionist crisis, although a cohesive national unit. Since that time the Jewish nation has had they wish to become a part of Jewish lite, they more than its share of barren deserts to cross don't even know wheretobegin or whattoask. and obstacles to overcome. .Indeed, no other It is for us to reach out, to establish contact, nation has' more fully demonstrated that to bring them into the world of Jewish, Zionist freedom must be won anew in every and humane concerns. generation. . It has always been a Jewish tradition to Even today many Jews In the Soviet Union siphon out of every evil the good that can be and Syria still await the opportunity to escape . done. Wchave been true to that tradition In our oppression and to live a full Jewish life in reaction to the new anti-Semitism and antiIsrael. .The State of Israel still confronts Zionism. We have forwarded the cause of modem-day pharoahs who refuse to recognize human rights In our efforts on behalf of Soviet Israel's existence as a sovereign state. Jews, and we have fought for civil liberty In our Jews throughout the world are aware more war against discrimination and the Arab than evervthat their Jewish life has been boycott, enriched by Israel. We have involved ourselves We pray for those still in lands of oppression ' In Israel's struggles on the battlefields of the and for Jerusalem's continued success in a Middle East, in the arena of the United Nations world of peace, but we must follow up these General Assembly, at the "Ovir" offices in the prayers with'our own active involvement and Soviet Union and throughout the Mellahs concern. (Jewish ghettos) of Syria. - "Next year In Jerusalem" will not happen by This year, Passover has an extra dimension, . itself. For many Jews throughout the world, toe United States' Bicentennial Celebration. this will become a reality only as a result of our American and Jewish struggles for freedom continued efforts and as In the Jewish tradition, are similar and on-going; and they have con- when that aim Is achieved we will have others. tributed much to each other's success. Without goals there is no striving; without "• During the Seder ritual we speak of the four striving there is no life. sons . . . the first, learned and pious; the May this Passover truly mark the emergence second, evil and unconcerned with Jewish and from suffering antkour moving on to happier human needs; the third, simple and goals. - - -- -r

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*lc»*> o i i o i nt»«» — "There won't be any more easy wins for Israel," said Washington syndicated columnist Jack, Anderson. "The Arabs have amassed tremendous stockpiles of Soviet weapons, giving them vastly superior firepower..." Pentagon estimates reveal the Arabs have a 4-to-l superiority over Israel in combat planes, a 3-to-l edge in trained pilots, a 19-to-l ad-

Arabs

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vantage in anti-aircraft missiles, and a 3-to-l superiority in ships and submarines. CIA sources Indicate, Anderson reports, that a future Arab-Israeli outbreak would produce a least 36,000 Israeli casualties. "On a proportionate basis, thiswould be equivalent tp about 2.S million casualties in the United States."

Israelis

1,509 supersonic and subsonic fighter Jets

426 Jets (208 supersonic)

Egypt—347 supersonic fighters Syria —338 supersonic fighters

220 of Israel's subsonic planes are 20-year-old models.' ' - ^

62 Soviet MIG 63's superior to any jet plane the U.S. has sent to Israel.

Of Our Leaders ' "At stake in this hour of Jewish history is a test of our unity and strength of purpose. The language of events Is quite clear, who threatens Israel,.threatens every Jew." The "urgency of the message" is upon us. American Jews are not being asked to do anything more than the people of Israel are doing for themselves. We must join in a nationwide effort . . . accelerating our campaign activities . . . intensifying solicitation and cash collection. Nothing must interfere with our obligations to do pur share in our total Jewish family." Frank R. Lautenberg ~" General Chairman V United Jewish Appeal,

II. "You, the American Jewish community, is deeply concerned by the growing dangers facing Israel's people . . . you are greatly , 6 Arab nations have 2,530 trained pilots. Israel has 1,100 trained pilots. moved and inspired by their unending sacrifices . . . and we are ready to respond. The Arabs ha ve 15,285 SAM missiles. Israel has soo anti-aircraft missiles. . From years of experience in Washington, I 1 know that many eyes there will be watching The Arab defense system has been described During the 1973 War, only one Israeli plane was and judging our response "— the.Adas "the most dense in the whole world. shot down in combat. 120 were brought down by ministration, the. Congress, the State Depart' anti-aircraft weapon; (primarily Soviet SAM ment —every element in our Capitol concerned missiles^) with American foreign policy is very Interested in knowing Just how broad and deep American Jewish support for Israel'speople Is. The Ajrabs have 49 destroyers, submarines, and Israel has 18 missile boats and one submarine. missile boats. We cannot afford not to face and fulfill the challenge which history has giventous." MaxM.Flsher - -.-— Cbjtawn, Board of 1 " Governors of the . Jewish Agency 3. MLLEL BUTMAN was transferred ' "A prisoner for whom no one cares Is dead." from the notorious Vladimir Prison to former POC Sylva Zalmanson, wife of POC HI. . Perm No. 35. In Dec. his mother-in-law Edward Kuznetsov. *• • "How many children may not go to high wrote after a visit with Hillel, "it is not 1. BORIS PENSON's mother, MRS. school because we cannot find the money to easy to recognize him. His reaction is very GESIA PENSON, is still refusing to send them?" painful and not without reason". capitulate to Soviet intimidation. She indignantly refused to see Boris when.of' 4. LYDIA ABATOROVNA NISANOVA, ficlals allowed her a one hour visit January 32, from Derbent, was sentenced to a year 30, insisting that she was entitled to a 72 and a half i m p r i s o n m e n t for hour visit. She added that she would con"speculation". She was/arrested shortly tinue her demonstrations on Boris's behalf after she requested a visa. Lydia Was until authorities allowed him the rights forced to sign papers after an intensive ten. granted under Soviet law. hour interrogation. . 2. Former POC MARK LUTSKER was drafted after re-submitting his application' 5. YOSIF MESHENER, Bendery, was T -for a visa to Israel. He recently completed. released following the completion of a six a two year term for "draft evasion". year sentence for "anti Soviet agitation". Most, Arab planes have been supplied by the Russians since October 1973.

Prisoners c f CoRScienc

"How many newly-arrived Russian immigrants may not get the professional retraining they must have in order to support themselves?" , ;: "How many settlements may not achieve the independence they have struggled so long and hard for?". "We cannot keep Israel's most needy people limkn " inn limbo.' JeroIdHoffberger : Chairman, Council of / Jewish Federations ; and Welfare Funds ;

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"You have done wonders. You are kindly partners. But we need greater effort.. Give us your good hand, your good heart and both of us will continue to strenghen Israel..." ; j Joseph Almogi ; ; '"' Chairman of the.; Executive of the' • Jewish Agency (Israel) •

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Sunday Afternoon, April 25

forthe Anniversary of the Warsaw Ghetto Uprising

what You Cari Do: Consider Adoption

anrl

Observance of Concern forWorld (Soviet) Jewry Examine community mailing for place and time.

DES MOINES - The Des again — and again." Union. Moines Committee of Concern It is a known fact that Soviet Kramer noted that Ottumwa for World Jewry strongly authorities are responsive to and Cedar Rapids have believes that one of the most concern from the West In- agreed to participate through important things Des Moines dividuals, who receive mail the Dqs Moines Adopt-aJewry can do today is adopt a from the outside are lessjikely Family program. Soviet Jewish activist, family, to be harassed or imprisoned. AS WE RECALL THE or Prisoner-of-Conscience. Soviet authorities realize that B O N D A G E OF OUR The adoption process is a s h o u l d s u c h p e r s o n s FOREFATHERS IN EGYPT, simple one: Contact Sol "disappear," the alarm LET US NOT FORGET THE Davidson, chairman of the sparked in the West would JEWS WHO S U F F E R . ...•-JBES MOINES -. Jewish ••Committee,!.', of-" Concern lor.. threaten Soviet credibility in PERSECyTIQN, WHO WILL \¥eif arc Federation President r the e y e s of the world. '••—• •-•"World Jewry-. (255-7580) r ~ N O t - H A V E FA MILY 'Gary Rubin ani) First ^Vice! Charles Kramer, chairman of" Kramer of Adopt-a-Family SEDERS IN THE SOVIET President • Fred Lorber are Adopt-a-Family, or Br. ( 2 8 8 - 7 4 0 5 ) , w i t h C o : . UNION. DURING THIS asking for community input as Gerald Ferman at the Jewish Chairpersons Paul Kagin and PASSOVER HOLIDAY, A the Federation Budget Welfare Federation-(244- Ruth Kaminsky, are striving F E S T I V A L WHICH C o m m i t t e e develops 3144). -" to launch further Interest in C E L E B R A T E S OUR recommendations to present F R O M - to the Board ofGbvcrnors..:. Your adoptee name will be " t h e p r o g r a m . MORE F R E E D O M provided aiong with the free CORRESPONDENTS ARE SI^AVEIVVi- LET' US -Adopt-a-Family Life-Saving NEEDED, The. names are REMEMBER THAT TODAY, . If you have not mailed your Kit which describes the plentiful. Over 401 names have" THIS MINUTE, THERE ARE 'Consensus Priority '• Form distributed in the communitycorrect procedures for writing been distributed, Kramer JEWS WHO ARE NOT FREE. wide mailing, please return and mailing letters to the said:Currently students at the' VOLUNTEER YOUR your completed survey to the Soviet Unlon."The hard part Bureau of Jewish Education FREE SPIRIT. WRITE (and the real contribution you . and a synagogue youth group LETTERS OF FREEDOM TO Jewish Welfare Federation, 315 Securities Bids., Des can make) . . . Is the com- are making plans to write to A SOVIET JEW WHO NEEDS Moines, Iowa, 50309. The mitment to write — and write Jewish children in the Soviet YOUR MESSAGE OF HOPE.

,

Sincerely, Arthur Kagin Committee Of Concern For World Jewry

The Budget Process community

Is invited to

"HearTrigs.""Flease~cali the Federation office for times and place at 244-3141. .

•

"I speak in appreciation of your solidarity and generosity which have given strength to Israel andtoour people everywhere. "We in Israel are moving ahead with a tough program of economic reform-that Is made, essential by the-continued heavy costs of defense. But at the same time we must not' relax for a moment In guaranteeing the human needs of our society. Everything we do together to help bridge the social gap and to Improve the quality of life of our people, adds to the inner strength of Israel. • •' "If all of us wDl do what we canrtiiere is )}6 • obstacle that we cannot overcome together. From Jerusalem our ancient capltol, I send you • my warmest gratitude, greetings, and Chag Sameach on the occasion of the Pesach festival — our festival of freedom." i Prime Minister Yitzhak Rablp

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2. Dr. Gerald Ferman, \ ... Executive Director of the 5 r Jewish Welfare j' Federation, has been j asked to draw up budget | submission guidelines for \ all agencies "and com-j missions that are planning * , t o re q u e s t budget allocations. - f

The Board' of Governors passed two resolutions concerning the budget figure and process recommendation at tfieir l a s t m e e t i n g . -•••-. "-"-• •'• •'• This Pesach exercise the freedom that is yours. "Make 1. The local needs the Des Moines Local Needs, budget ceiling was Budget of this Jewish comdetermined to be $440,000. munity truly reflect the The Local Needs Budget concerns and aspirations of Its cannot exceed this Inhabitants." amount.

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*'-' r. April 14, f976

Sylvia Zarnow's Remembrance: The Cantors Changed Places By Sylvia Zarnow DES MOINES - Cantor I. Oransky, our greatgrandfather, came to Canada from Poland in 1874. He was a cantor in a synagogue and also employed as a "shochet" at a butcher shop. ' Great-grandfather corresponded with a friend of his who was living In Des Molncs, Iowa, This friend was also a cantor and shochet. The two men expressed how unhappy they were in their Individual surroundings, My great-grandfather, and his friend decided to exchange places, mainly because the

friend bad relatives in Canada. Cantor Oransky had three sons and seven daughters and his wife, Molly, still living in Kiev when he came to Des Molnes. By the 1890's, the entire family had settled in the Iowa capitol city. Cantor Oransky and Molly operated a butcher shop at East Second and Walnut Streets. In later years, one of their sons was to become one of Des Molnes' leading merchants,, opening a department store at Second and Walnut Streets and later building the Oransky Department Store on the

northwest corner of FifuYand Walnut in downtown Des Moines. Frank Zarnow was married to a daughter of Cantor and Molly Oransky. Zarnow met and married Etta Oransky while in Russia. The couple operated a bakery in their native Kiev. • Then Frank ZarnWcame to Des Moines in the 188O's,. rented a small building, and opened a grocery store at the southwest corner of Ninth and Cherry Streets in downtown Des Moines. Zarnow first sent for his son, Abraham Jacob, 19, and

daughter Lily, 14. The Zarnow . children helped in the grocery store and also furnished the five rooms adjoining the store building. Before long, Etta, Frank Zarnow's wife, and the 'six remaining children came to Des Moines. They were Sarah (Mrs. Max Peariman), Harry, Sayde (Mrs. Mose Clayman), Winifred, Henry and Anna Katherine (later Mrs. Robert Cohen and mother of Shirley Barsky of 1805 Merle Hay Road). A ninth child, the late Herman Zarnow, was bom of Frank and Etta in Des Moines. Moines. " ,

Demonstrate Your Solidarity This Passover „ >' DES MOINES-Partjcipants from the Jewish communities represented at the recent World Conference on Soviet Jewry in Brussels, Belgium, returned convinced of the need for vigorous actions of solidarity on behalf of Soviet Jews. , ,, As long as fellow Jews are enslaved, we are not free. Remember the oppressed Jews of the Soviet Union and 'the world at your family or communal Seder. Make the Matzoh of Hope (tbe Fourth Matzoh) and the Fifth Cup of Elijah part of jVpur demonstration of solidarity. • • Here are the appropriate blessings'. Embellish and inf dividualize as you wish to make the observance meaningful for .ypuandyour family: f ,

remains as a symbol of future hopes and aspirations. This fifth cup Is known as the "Cup of Elijah". In our tradition it Is the prophet Elijah who ushers in the era of peace, Elijah has, through the ages,'become a champion of Jewish courage and identity, beckoning our people to dream and anticipate the prophetic ideal, even in the face of adversity and isolation. '•'••

This Is The Matzoh of Hope

On Passover, all Jews celebrate freedom. Yet our brothers In the Soviet Union must still observe this holy time in secret. These are the Jews for whom the exodus is not yet a reality. „ The Matzoh of Hope, represents those who are not with us tonight—Jews who have been refused exit visas and who suffer j Solidarity Services for The Rftfci Gup daily, harassment.. .Prisoners of Conscience who endure the : Ceremonyof Elijah hardships of cruel imprisonment. Their "crime": the desire to The presence of Elijah the prophet, although not explicitly live as Jews, among Jews, in a free land. mentioned in Haggadab, is integral to Passover and the Seder • We pause for a moment during this Seder to reaffirm our service : '•: • • / -*. .•"" , '. .'".:; ; . solidarity with Soviet Jewry. We pledge ourselves .to continue to V A fifth cup of wine, in addition to the four mandated by work for their freedom. We vow that, once they are free',- we will r _. tradition, is set aside on the festive Seder table. We drink of the tieipitherrirebuild 'their lives.We will notrcst until the task Is ' tour for they are symbolic of past deliverances. The fifth cup complete, for until all Jews are free, no Jew is free.

In 1890, Cantor Oransky and' • Frank Zarnow were two of the c h a r t e r members who organized Beth El Jacob Synagogue. A visiting cantor from Paris, France, Reverend Herbert Yursky, was asked to perform the duties ol the cantor at the. High Holiday services at Beth El Jacob SynagogaelM902. The original Beth El Jacob was located at East Second and Des Moines Streets. Cantor\, Yursky was accompanied by his 17-year-old daughter,. Regina, when he accepted, the Job as guest cantor. T h e following y e a r , November 22,1903, Abraham Jacob Zarnow and Regina Yursky were married in

Telcom Corner .JIAPPVPEflACHI Here is the Telcom Schedule for the coming weekWednesday, April 14 - World News Summary and Pesach Thunday, April 15- Weekly News Summary, and pesach Message. Friday, April U - Jewish Audio Theatre—Trial in Heaven. Sunday,. April 18 — Agency Action Feature Week. Harold Pldgeon and the UJA Campaign. Monday, April 18 — the Iowa Jewish Home. . Tuesday, A p r i l » - T h e Jewish Community Center.

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Minneapolis, Minn. The couple came to Des Molnes* and managed a grocery store at S. E. 15th and Murray Streets formany years. The family home was and is today at 1181 West Ninth Street. The four children of this union were Paul Carl _ Zarnow, manager of Zarnow Entertainment Servicey Sidney H. Zarnow, who died In1948; Sylvia Bernlce Zarnow, Ballroom Dance director for the Community and Adult Education Department of the Des Moines Public Schools; and Ralph Gerald Zamow, owner of the Zarnow Entertainment Service and wellknown midwest orchestra leader. i The Zarnows are all members of Beth El Jacob Synagogue.

Celebrating Our 40th Anniversary" Council Bluffs, Iowa

M

i Wednesday, April a - Jewish Family Services Thunday, April 22 - Weekly News Summary Friday, .April 8 - Community Relations Commission Report. Note Agency Action Previews are subject to last-minute changes due to speaker availability DlALTELCOMTODAYm-tOO

GO

The Jewish Pros

April 14,1976

DesMotnes

Calendar Wednesday, April 14 {' No school at Bureau of Jewish Education. Passover begins at ' sundown. Thursday, April is First day of Passover. JWF office dosed. Friday, April 16 Second day of Passover. JWF office closed. Saturday, April 17 ' 1 p.m. — Jewish Study Group at Beth El Jacob Synagogue. Sunday, April 18 12 p.m.—Jewish Study Group at Beth El Jacob Synagogue. Monday, April 19 1 p.m.—TUereth Israel Women's League Board Meeting.

Wednesday, April 21 Seventh day of Passover. JWF office closed. ' Thursday, April 22 Eighth day of Passover. JWF offlceclosed. Friday, April 23 Aaron Biber Bar MiUvah at Temple B'nal Jesburun. Saturday, April 24 Afternoon Jewish Study Group BtBethEUacob. Brandels Art Show at the Temple B'nal Jeshurun. 7 p.m. viewing. Auction to begin at 8p.m. 8 p.m.—Junior High Mystery Bus Ride departing from the Jewish Community Center.

DM Women's Federation Salutes DetScated Women. DES M01NES - "All Jewish women and organizations work together to help make Des Moines a better place for enriched Jewish living," said Dorothy Busckbaum, president of the Women's Federation. The Jewish Women's Federation s e r v e s as the u m b r e l l a organization for every Jewish Women's Organization and all Jewish women In the greater Des Moines area. Among its various f u n c t i o n s , t h e Women's Federation welcomes newcomers to our community and encourages their integration and participation

JCC Campers Visit Home

Women's Federation officers Diane Brodsky; nominating and board members include: committee chairwoman, Lois president, Dorothy Bucksbaum; Copple. Other Women's Federation first vice, president, Janice Zuckert; second vice president. board members Include: telegram Sue' Ruttenberg; third vice bank co-chairwomen, LouUe president, '.Margo Blumenthal; Dultch and Rose Felntecb; secretary, Joyce Swartz; publicity telephone committee chairwomen, chairman, Connie Belin; foreign Bess Waldinger, Sorita Greene, food fair co-chairwomen, Shelley Brody; All-ln-One CamNechama Prusak and Vickie paign assistant, Shirley Pldgeon; Benderly; education committee: hospitality co-chalrwomen, Sarah Christiansen, .Joanne Sofen; Shirley Berg, Erfta Goldburg, B e t t y E n g m a n ; program newcomers committee coCarolyn reference chairwoman, Annette c h a l r w o m e n : Isaacson; special projects com- . Bucksbaum, Charlotte Elmets, mittee: Ruth Silk, Ellen Adelman, Melva Bucksbaum, Robbie Wlnlck, Naomi Golleb, Shirley Dubansky, Shari Engmafl, Judy Flapan, Florence Pumell, Judy Blank, Johnnie Friedman and Dottle Robinson. The presidents of Jewish • Motto Apple Pudding • . Women's Organization? and their SMotios . .members are part of Women's 3 large apples Vi cup currants Federation: Iowa Jewish Home V. cupralllnl . Guild: Diane Adler; Beth ElJacob 2 tsp. cinnamon Sisterhood: Shirley Btrg; Temple '/.tip. " I ' B'nal Jesburun SlsterhoOdi Dash of nutmeg (optional) Grated rind of lemon (I) * Harriett Itodenberg; Tifereln %'cuo firmly pocked brown sugar Israel Women's League: Barbara 4 Ibis, cooking fot Winlck; Children of Israel 6 eggs, well beaten Sisterhood: Rose Blber; B'nal Soak matzos until soft. Press out as B'rllh Women: Pat Ncwgaard; much water as possible. Par* and cut apples In small pieces. Add opples, Brandels' University Women's currants, raisins, clnnomon, salt, Committee: Joanne Levitt; Senior nutmeg, lemon rind, sugar and melted Hadassah: Ellsc Gallniky; tat.-MIX well. Add eggs, mixing thoroughly. Pour Into greased H a d a s s a h Business, an,d casserole Boke> In moderate oven (350 Professional: Goldle Zelchlk; degree* F.) about 4J mkt. or until opples are tender. Serves 6-8. Eleanor Roosovelt Group of Hadassah: Judy Rosenberg; Passover Glared Sweet Pototos Henrietta Szold Group of 8 (4 lbs.) medium sweet potatoes Kcdossah: Lisa Routman; ORT; 1 • I Jot. |or orange mormolode Charlccn Fclnbcrg; Mlirachl 2 tbls. chicken fot or veg. shortening Women: Rose. Blber; Pioneer '/i cup water '/. tsp. slat Women: Bryna Elmets.

Creative Recipes for Passover DES MOINES-The dedicated women of Tifereth Israel Synagogue presented the following recipes at the see-and-leant program, "How to Succeed at Passover with Everyone Really Trying" on March 28. Grape k e ' . Make syrup ol 1 cup tugor and 2 cups water. Boil about 5 minutes. Add% 7 cups of grape juice, '/« cup orange |ulce and 4 tbls. lemon |ulce. Cool, strain end freeze. When mush, beat thoroughly ond return to f r i t a i .

DES MOINES—Iowa Jewish Home apartment resident^ Sonya Greenberg, enjoyed tbe company of Danny Beckerraan wben the JCC spring vacation campers visited the Hometora Pesacb smtg and dance program. Tbe campers were under tbe direction ef JC^Prpgram rireclor BohGummers and JCC staff worker. Suzy Engman. Home employee Marsha Ofstein led the singing with guitar accompaniment.

In active community life. The Women's Division of the United Jewish Appeal Is under the s p o n s o r s h i p Of Women's Federation end U one of the most Important projects to which support Is administered. • The Women's Federation Board Is made up of Jewish women who are leaders of the community." Most of these women have been or are currently presidents of major organizations. Many chaired major events. All share a common ' Interest In maintaining and enhancing the viability and vitality of Jewish community life.

Strowberrylce . 1 quart of berries 1 and '/s.cups sugar -> Jlbls.lemonlulce Jeflg'whltes, .

Party Snacks I Ib. chopped meat (soil added If necessary) I onion grated legg 7 tb. cold water • I small carrot Fine matzo meat . ": ' Combine chopped meat, grated onion, beaten egg diluted with water. Grole In the carrot and mix well. Form '/••Inch rolls about 2-VI Indies In length. Roll In matzo meal and fry until browned on all sides. Drain off excess fat on paper towels. Yield • about 24.

Matzo Nut Pudding 4 eggs separated ' Vi cup confectioners' sugar 2 cups orated applet Grates rindof (i lemon M cup matzo meal 'Afwtt ' spw 4 tbls. almonds, chopped

Wash and hull berries and put Beat egg yolks until light. Sift In through strainer. Mix |uin and pulp sugar ana beat until fluffy. Add apwith i n * sugar ond lemon juice. Mat ples, lemon rind and matzo meal. Mix egg while* until iliH and fold into well. Beat egg whites with salt unlil strawberry mixture. Ploce in freezer stilf but not dry ond fold lightly into compartment of refrigerator and let mixture. Pour Into o spring form or •land until almost frozen, about 7 hri. \ pon lined with waxed paper. Sprinkle Stir until smooth wilh fork or remove nuts over the fop. Bake In moderate '- tKmMSf lisa wrks zcUfces)and 'cvsr. » » 4~ssi t) 45 sr!s. J~v» beat until smooth with rotary beater. - plain, or. with wine or fruit sauce Hetum to freezer and freete until firm. Serves 6 - 8.

Boll polctoes until [ust fender: peel Cut In half lengthwise or Into V< Inch thick slices In a large skillet, mix marmalode, lot, water ond salt. Bring fc b^i' AH4 natataM ond cook over t btl d turning t i moderate h heat, bastlna and frequently until glazed Serves 8

We salute these women and all the dedicated members of their organizQlions who are working td ntauiUin end sircnguiai UM C S MOUKS Jewish community. >

Best Wishes For a Healthy And Happy Passover To All Our Friends And Customers WEST OMAHA'S BUICK - OPEL JENSEN JENSEN-HEALEYJDEALER

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April 14,1976

Who Is Elizabeth? DES MOINES — There are some who still do not know that this lady leads a "double life" . . . even though she has been a most prominent native citizen of Des Moines. 'On the one hand, she is tellzabeth Werblosky, artistic dancer-director, dedicated jteacher and s k i l l f u l choreographer, who has had an overwhelming influence on the various performing and cultural groups in Oes Moines. On the other hand, there are those who may appreciate the artistry of Elizabeth Werblosky, but who are ever tttlndJul of E l i z a b e t h ^erowsky and her selfless, untiring service to her community — deeply concerned <#Jth the Polk County Association for Retarded persons; totally Involved with the young performers In the Summer Operetta Workshop, fend equally so with the elderly •n

I

To Leave

v

is',' MOSCOW-Top activitisls

Alexander Luntz of Moscow and Israel Vamavitsky of Leningrad, as well as Isaac DymshiU of Moscow and Lev Zhlgun and Solomon Rozin of Leningrad have received permission to release a handful of selected activists to undercut public opinion while continuing to trap the other&ln the USSR.

i'

Elizabeth of the Iowa Jewish Home for the Agod where she teaches exercise classes and dancing to the ambulatory. A very important facet of Elizabeth's life is her work with the blind. Working for the Iowa Commission for the Blind as a volunteer,'she has transcribed countless books and publications as well as musical compositions. Elizabeth Perowsky's masterful transcription of the Old Testament has met with acclaim.

invited to attend. ./. An original production by Sue Caswell will be presented, followed by a musical reception. The committee in charge of 'the e v e n t are': Rose Pearlman, chairman; Ruth Jacobson, co-chairman; and Julius Goldenson, Sid Pearlman, Sara Williams, Lou Williams and Sue Caswell. Reception Committee: Harriet Elman, Bernis Frankel, • Ida Rudston and Sylvia Zamow.

ThaJwMiPnat

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Now, at long last, the "twain shall meet" at Temple B'nai Jeshurun, 5lst and Grand Avenue, Sunday. April 18, at 7:30 p.m. In honor of this great lady, a gala evening entitled "A Tribute to Elizabeth" has been planned. The-entire community is most cordially"

'8 Convenient Locations O M A H A A N D LINCOLN xerox copy • offset printing "printing while you wait"

10 LOCATIONS TO SERVE YOU IN OMAHA, LINCOLN, . BEUEVUE, AND DES MOINES

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Passover Greetings from all of us at

FOOD aw Joe Lipton Art Sherman Meyer Ruback Mark Sherman Howard Ruback Jerry Rosinsky Norman Ruback 120th & West Center Rd.

90th & Grant

1fco.52

The Jewish Praa*

April 14.1978

Lincoln's Tifereth Israel Is Site I Omaha Wedding (Organizations Of Dienstfrey-Greene Following the reception,

UNCOLN — The marriage of Marcia, Sue Dlenstfrey, held at the Radlsson Cordaughter of Mr. and Mrs. nhusker Hotel, the couple left Marvin DJenstfrcy of West for a wedding trip to Honolulu, «M*ba t Des Moines, la., to lst'Lt. Hawaii. The Pimple will live in PASSOVER TEA Mandell Greene, son of Mr. Omaha, Neb. Kalah Franklin Chapter, and Mrs. Phillip Greene of Omaha Mlzrachi Women, will Duluth, Mini!., took place entertain residents of Dr. Slier • Sunday evening April 11, in a Restores Funding Home for the Aged at its candlelight ceremony at WASHINTON (JTA) - The annual Passover Tea, Sunday, Tifereth Israel Synagogue Senate Appropriations April Mi here. Committee gave a green light Mrs. Max' Krizelman, Sherri Dienstfrey, sister of to a $5.3 billion foreign chairman, announced that the bride, was maid of honor. military and economic .aid entertainment starting at 2, Bridesmaids were Mlndy program for the current fiscal p.m. will include Yiddish Garey, Omaha; Mrs. Roger year which includes a 25 songs by Mrs. Milton Tcdcrman, Omaha; Mary Ann percent increment to cover Nearenberg and Israeli Sward, Lincoln, andGabrielie the transitional quarter July 1Oct. 1 between the end of fiscal singing and dancing by the Banick, Tucson, Ariz. 1976 and the beginning of young members of Omaha Alan Greene of Greatfalls, fiscal 1977. Bllu USV, under the direction The funding for the tran«t Ed Fried. Refreshments, Mont., was best man (or his featuring Passover sweets, brother. Aaron Rlssien, sitional quarter would provide will be served following the Omaha; Stanley Greene, Israel with an additional $550 Greenville, S.C.; Steven Lee, million, making up for the $500 entertainment. Poughkcepsic, N.Y., and million the Ford Ad"Mizrachl Women, in ad- Capt. Allan Krueger, ministration had earlier dition to scholastic and Bellevue, Neb., were chopped from its aid recommendations for Israel. training programs for Israeli groomsmen. youth, Is dedicated to many programs for older citizens, both in Israel and this country,'.' Mrs. Krizelman said. Doris and Nate Shukert wish "We are proud to be included everyone in the community in Passover festivities at our a very Happy Passover > own Dr. Sher Home each year and nope that Oraahans who -have loved ones at the home SHUKERT'S will Join with' them and Omaha Mizrachi members to make KOSHER MEATS this a happy occasion." MM WOwtuOm Mtttte AS

Mrs. Sam Shyken joined Mrs! Krizelman in making arrangements for the tea.

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Best Wishes for a Happy Passover

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Aquatics Notebook

„ Passover Greetings j ' ' r, ! To All Our Friends • t

By-'aaGrsy JCCActtstAquUctDincUf

sday,t-6:45p.m.inthegym. Our JCC Ladies' SwimBefore participating, each Individual must have permission nastlcs and l*am-To-Swlm from Ms or her own physician and Class on Mondays has t w o then take the heart last. • one of the most successful The latter has been instrumental classes in the Center pool. We not only In determining a memhave watched these women ber's stale of cardiovascular fitbecome swimmers. ness, but also in detecting latent The class begins with water heart disease or hidden coronary exercises. Kicking, bending risk factors In many members. and pulling help get the kinks JCC members have the unique opportunity to avail themselves of out and also work on those this program, which alms to extra inches. .. combat heart disease by definitive Next, w e w o r k on JR., SR. LEAGUES preventive measures. The sldestroke or perhaps the An exciting summer basketball supervised exercise program front crawl. These women league will be offered by the provides safe, sensible exercise Physical Education Department prescriptions. Individualized for have done a marvelous job. this summer at the Center. Two the member, based on his or her This class will be offered this leagues will be formed—a 7th~, 8th,' stress test evaluation and present summer, so be watching for. 8th Grade League and a lOth-lltfr fitness level. jthe brochure. 12tb Grade League. Since unsupervised, moderately We also will be offering a If you are In Junior High or high-Intensity exercise may Mother-Infant . c l a s s i n ' Senior High and want to play, call. embody a risk for some middleswimming. If you're Inor write the Physical Education aged persons, the best way to both Department, 334-8200. Watch for minimize this risk and learn about terested in helping your child Jurther announcements. your cardiovascular fitness is by become acquainted with enrolling in your JCC program. water, keep this class In mind. SEVENTHMONTH Call Chuck Arnold at 334-8200, Ext. Age limit is 8 to 36 months. Within the last six months, over Thefeeis$5. 22. 35 adults have Joined and are •participating in the JCC Medically Supervised Physical Fitness 'ACretJoos Testing and Conditioning program Offered Monday through Thur-

• COED SOFTBALL At the days get longer; what better outdoor recreational sport can be found than "Kitten" Softball? There is plenty of acttooeveryone gets to play and hit the ball. Bring your wife and a friend for good run and eiercise. ' Program starts Thursday, April 29, at 6:30 p.m. at the Center. You can form your own team or we will organize teams. The tee is only $1 per person. The gals can wear Stoves but the guys can't.

HONOBED_:_:.._" Dr. Solomon Grayzel, noted Jewish scholar and author, was recently honored on the occasion of his 80th birthday at a luncheon held in Philadelphia by The Jewish P u b l i c a t i o n Society of America (JPS). ' •

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Our Best Wishes fora ; happy Passover

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Season AAECHANICAL CONTRACTORS INDUSTRIAL PIPING â&#x20AC;¢ POWER PIPING AIR CONDITIONING e PLUMBING* HEATING, WATER TREATMENT # POLLUTION CONTROL

Coast Packing Co Of Omaha, Inc.

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s 4001 Leavenworth St., Omaha, Ne.

3464H19

Mickey Kaplan

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—Festival $ Freedom >•> Mote than 60 years ago, the search for freedom brought our founder, Sam Richman,toOmaha. - Together with his wife and children, Sam Richman started the company that' was to become Richman Gordman Stores, Inc. While the family prospered in Omaha, they never forgot their brethren who were still not free, they have also maintained close ties with their relatives In Israel. ; -. I'! The-Richman and Gordman families opened their homes and their hearts to many causes. Most memorable was a visit to the Richman- home by Golda Melr for an Important Zionist meeting in Omaha in 1926. /•

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As we celebrate the Passover season, wo at Rlchtnan Gordman reaffirm our faith In the right of every Jew and non-Jew in pur community to enjoy freedom of worship, freedom of expression, and the right to take part In the free enterprise system of this great country.

Omaha -Lincoln • Grand Island Council Bluffs Des Moines • Topeka