Jessie Wyman Urban Design Portfolio

J ES S I E W Y M A N

urban design portfolio 1

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C O N T E N TS Graduate Works Master of Design for Sustainable Urban Environments Northeastern University, 2015-2016

DETROIT RECOMMISSIONED p. 4

GREEN TECHNOLOGY: AN APPLICATION FOR BOSTON’S REDEVELOPMENT PROJECTS p. 6

THINK GREEN: INFOGRAPHIC FOR GREEN TECHNOLOGY INTEGRATION p.12

PULL + PULL: A PROJECT FOR PHILLY’S WEST SIDE p. 14

INFRASTRUCTURE BIOGRAPHY: SANTOS, BRAZIL p. 20

URBAN FOREST REGENERATION p. 24

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D E T R O I T R EC O M M I S S I O N E D

1873

ROADS

Detroit Recommissioned proposes a strategic plan to decommission much of the unused and abandoned roadway network and the reuse that material to advance growth in priority areas. To accomplish this, the city has been divided into Decommission Zones and Priority Development Zones.

Decommission Zones were established using a multilayered analysis. Layers from “Detroit Future City” were used as a basis for this analysis. Priority Development Areas were also created using a multi-layer analysis based upon existing and future land-use plans. Using different methods of decommissioning, the roadway materials will be recycled and reused on vacant land within Priority Development Zones.

Through a vacant site selection framework, the reuse of these materials will offer context sensitivity and will be consistent with existing uses. Through Detroit Recommissioned, unused infrastructure will become an asset to Detroit’s future.

POPULATION

The decline of Detroit’s population from the 1950s has created a set of new challenges for the city. With an enormous amount of vacant and abandoned property, the city is left with crumbling infrastructure and rising maintenance costs. The current tax base cannot keep up with demand of existing services resulting in further deterioration of these systems.

DECOMMISSION ZONES

ROADWAY DECOMMISSION METHODS Nature Force

ROADWAY NETWORK

Productive Zone

Hard Hit Zone

Ecological Zone

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High Vacancy

Saw Cut/Seed

Hydraulic Hammer

1911

1950

1980

2000

2010

VACANT PARCELS

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PRIORITY DEVELOPMENT ZONES VACANT SITE SELECTION FRAMEWORK

Mill/Pulverize

Serving as a Buffer

Within Commercial Zone

Neighborhood Centers Adjacent to River

Business Centers Near a School

Residential Zone

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G R E E N T EC H N O LO GY

Analysis for Application in Boston’s Redevelopment Projects The application of green technology within public and private development projects is becoming more common. As jurisdictions continue to require project elements that reduce greenhouse gas emissions or compliance with stormwater regulations it is important to understand when and how these technologies can be used to the best extent possible. Many factors go into the success of green technology projects. Green Roofs, Green Walls, Rain Gardens, etc. all require certain environmental and climatic conditions to thrive.

This project evaluated six (6) current development projects which were under review or approved by the City of Boston’s Redevelopment Authority for potential applications of green technology. Green technologies considered for the sites include: Greens Roofs, Tree Pits, Rain Gardens/Bioswales, and Green Walls. Through the use of GIS analysis and review of project data, each site was evaluated for each type of green technology and given a score. This score represented the amount of potential for the particular green technology. The site with the greatest potential (highest score) was selected. While this site had a current redevelopment proposal approved with the Boston Redevelopment Authority, this project proposes a re-designed the site to include a rain garden system and green roof.

Tree Pits

Sidewalk and Slope Shadow and Sun LEED Credit Space (sidwalk or site)

Rain Gardens

Green Roof

Green Wall

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Slope/Topography Pre-Treatment Potential Infiltration Potential LEED Credit Shadow and Sun Roof Slope Roof Mechanicals LEED Credit Shadow and Sun Heat Island Potential LEED Credit

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water dissipator & seating area

e.g. species: Black Chokeberry(Aronia melanocarpa) Red Osier Dogwood(Cornus serecia) Low Bush Honeysuckle (Diervilla lonicera) Pussy Willow (Salix caprea) Blue Arctic Willow(Salix purpurea 'Nanna') stormwater river top soil soil media gravel layer perforated pipe

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THINK GREEN

G r e e n Te c h n o l o g y I n f o g r a p h i c Think Green is an infographic to assist with integration of green technology into public and private development projects. Focusing on Tree Pits, Green Walls, Bioswales, Green Roofs, and Rain Gardens, Think Green guides the user in understanding which technology may be best suited for the project and provides and idea on cost and energy savings.

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PUSH + PULL

A P r o j e c t f o r P h i l l y ’ s We s t S i d e

PUSH + PULL is a response plan for two vacant parcels in Philadelphia’s West Side neighborhood. Proposed under the Urban Arboreta Student Design Competition, PUSH + PULL proposes two site concepts which push and pull on existing contexts to transform and inspire the space for tree and food production. Under the Urban Arboreta design challenge, site design was also to incorporate public uses including space for job training, a public market, open space, and stormwater management. It was left to the designer to identify how and at which site to address these requirements.

Merion Avenue Site: Pulling in elements from the adjacent residential uses, the proposal for Merion Avenue incorporated growing operations that allowed space for passive recreation and stomrwater management.

Parkside Avenue Site: Pushing the envelope, this site was designed for higher uses including space for the public market, tree growing and a community center which would allow for job and workforce training.

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Merion Avenue Site

public open space/recreation

neighborhood composting

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stormwater management

Parkside Avenue Site

outdoor farmers market

recycled rail tracks and push cart/seating community center & outdoor learning patio

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Phasing, Circulation and Programming PROJECT PHASES

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Details

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I N F R A S T R U CT U R E B I O G R A P H Y

How infrastructure influenced the city framework of Santos, Brazil

The expansion and growth of Santos, Brazil in the mid 1800s was a result of major coffee exports and growing seaport operations.

However, as the population continued to grow, Santos experienced a series of public health crises. Determined to improve health and sanitary conditions for residents the City Engineer proposed a sanity canal system that would address sewerage issues within the city.

At the same time, the city was planning for future growth and had an approved plat which laid out the city grid. Realizing the proposed city grid system would challenge the proposed canal system, a new plat was proposed and eventually approved with some revisions.

As a result, the canals acted as a framework for the city - influencing many other systems and urban fabric as it continued to grow into present day Santos. Realizing influential factors of city systems can help urban planners realize the full potential for infrastructure improvements. While the infrastructure may serve one purpose, it also acts upon and influences the city framework.

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1896 Plat

1905 Canal Plan

1910 Plat

2005 City Plan

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Canal Typologies

The resulting canal plan and typologies acted as a framework for other city systems. The layout of the canal system allowed for wide avenues which provided pedestrian and bicycle amenities. This roadway network, which complemented the canals, also allowed for open space at street intersections or over canal crossings. The canals also created separation due to its liner design and limited crossings. As a result, many of the canals act as neighborhood boundaries.

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Wide Avenues

Conveyance

Open Space

Neighborhoods

Bicycle Network

Stormwater Management

Public Green Space

Neighborhood

Pedestrian Amenities

Public Health

Public Green Space

Neighborhood

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U R B A N F O R ES T R EG E N E R AT I O N 1700

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1900

For the last 400 years the World’s forests have been disappearing. Without a plan in place for regeneration the remaining forests are in danger of extinction. While this certainly is a global problem, having a local to global plan will set the stage for future regeneration.

Urban Forest Regeneration analysis the existing canopy conditions for the State of Massachusetts. With the goal of increasing canopy coverage to the fullest extent, this project proposes a plan that utilizes vacant and under-utilized land to begin the urban forest regeneration.

Under this plan, approximately 1.9 million acres of non-canopy coverage can be filled in 100 years. How does this work? One single acre of planting will result in an average of approximately 4 acres of canopy. Planting a minimum of 4.5 acres each year for 100 years will then result in full canopy coverage for the State of Massachusetts.

This regeneration plan prioritizes nursery planting in low canopy areas. Afforestation and reforestation will then occur throughout the urban gradient using a variety of methods. This method, which then can be readapted to other jurisdictions could then be used in regional and eventually global forest regeneration.

3,103,643 acres of existing canopy 1,914,573 acres of non-canopy

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2000

Initial Forest Establishment Afforestation/Reforestation Stage

Nursery

Canopy

1 ac.

Year

4 ac.

2-6

Canopy Coverage 4.7 ac. planting/year

6-8

25 Years

10-12

12-20

50 Years

75 Years

100 Years

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Path to Regeneration

Vacant Lots

Vacant Lots

Composting Site

Active Agriculture Land

Existing Canopy

Existing Buildings

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Eastern Forest

Rural Forest

Suburban Forest

Urban Residential Forest

Urban Forest

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