Peters Cartridge Factory

Peters Cartridge Factory

Kings Mills, OH

Jeremy Garrett | John Mohr

Prepared for Landscape Architecture 451 May 4th. 2016

ABOUT THE AUTHORS

Jeremy Garrett BSLA West Virginia University 2016

John Mohr BSLA West Virginia University 2016

TABLE OF CONTENTS Preface & Acknowledgements Introduction Literature Review Problem Statement Scope Methodology & Process

Inventory & Analysis Context History Architectural Character Soil Excavation Regional Watershed Vegetation Wildlife Site Watershed Topography

Climate and Aspect Demographics Proximity Composite Case Studies

The Pere Marquette Trail, MI

West Point Foundry Preserve, NY

Taylors Mill, SC Design Process Solutions & Recomendations Annotated Bibliography

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PREFACE & ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

We would like to extend a special thanks to the following people...

Michael Hasenmyer Associate Professor Vaike Haas Assistant Professor William Yokel Associate at Bloomfield/Schon Ken Schon Principal at Bloomfield/Schon

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INTRODUCTION Kings Mill, Ohio, founded in 1877 when Joseph Warren King sold the Miami Powder Company to build the Great Western Powder Works with the company town Kings Mill. When King pasted away, in 1885, Gershom Moore Peters, his son-in-law, became president of the company. Eventually renaming the company Peters Cartridge Company. By 1916 the current factory was opened for production. This factory stands to this day on the banks of the Little Miami River.

Now a days the train track that ran by the factory has been converted into a recreational trail, and Kings Mill’s small town America feeling is changing due to urban expansion from Dayton and Cincinnati. It important to move forward, but you should always remember the past.

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The factory is on the outskirts of Kings Mill. The company’s emblem still is seen on the exterior of the buildings, but the factory has been closed for a long time. It stand on the banks down in a small river valley an eerie reminder of times past. Lost between two small towns, Peters Cartridge Factory stands alone.

Many of the windows have been broken, some may have been broken in storms others could have been broken by passing troubled teens. Paint chips from the walls and random graffiti takes its place. From tagging to summoning the devil you can find evidence of trespasser’s visit to the old factory. The outside isn’t any better. Debris form over the year covers the inner court yard. Unwanted plant grow on the roofs and up from cracks in the concrete, even some plants have found their way into the upper floors of the factory.

Needless to say Peters Cartridge Factory is going to need a lot of work to be returned to its former glory.

Peters Cartridge Factory is to most an eerie place to see, though it has space for lease, with its broken windows and fading aesthetics some people find the site off-putting. Some see it as a place of evil. The factory has been claim to be haunted. As well as creepy “unexplained headstones” were found in a wing

of the buildings, but in reality an artist left them there after a photographic shoot or they were left behind after a film production that used the site as a set.

Locals have also used the site as a paint ball arena.

People have used this site for a handful of different things, but none have lasted that long. Perhaps the factory is haunted and the ghost drive everyone that comes there off.

In 1885 Peters Cartridge Company open their factory for business. The factory produced bullet and other forms of munitions for the Union Army during the Civil War. Bullets and explosives were made here for more than a century. In the early days before OSHA and labor unions, an industry like munitions was subject to accidents, including explosions and fires, as well as machinery and testing that would maim or deafen employees. The Peters Cartridge Factory had a number of fatalities over the years. In the 1940s Peters Cartridge Company stopped production. Soon after Remington Arms purchased that factory and started up production again, but only for a short while. Later, Columbia Records pressed and stored vinyl discs inside. But by the end of the 1960s the factory was vacant. Later it was home to small thing for short periods of time, the factory was used as a set for a film production company, a paintball arena and was used as an auto repair shop.

The Peters Cartridge Company in its prime was probably an enormous economic factor in the area, but as time went on and the factory closed the surrounding areas probably fell on hard times.

Eventually the town got back on its feet, but the Peters Cartridge Factory is probably more of an economic hindrance. Yes the occasional person lease space in it for a short time, but it probably has not been a profitable site for about 60 years. It has potential though. A few other developers and planners have been looking at the site to repurpose it into a large apartment complex. This could make Peters Cartridge Factory once again profitable site, and good for the areas economic standing. But for now there factory

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has space for lease.

The first section of this report will focus on the site conditions and issues that influenced our design process. Being an EPA superfund site and in the 100 year flood plain there is definite possibility of a spreading of contamination to the lower Little Miami River Watershed and eventually effect the Ohio River Watershed.

The second portion of this report will show our methodology and design process as we dealt with existing and arising issues brought to light during an extensive analysis of the site and surrounding communities.

Finally in the last part of the report will show our final solutions we have implicated, as well as supporting drawing that emphases our solutions.

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LITERATURE REVIEW Hideo Sasaki’s believes that critical thinking is basic in problem solving. Sasaki breaks down the design process into 3 primary stages and breaks each primary stages into secondary stages. Critical thinking in terms of design is involves; (1) research, to understand all the factors to be considered; (2) analysis, to establish the ideal operational relationship of all the factors; and (3) synthesis, to articulate the complex of relationships into a spatial organization. In Sasaki’s approach to the Peter Cartridge Company he would begin by using verbal research in which he will read about the site and the area as well as read up on social and philosophical matters. He would use visual research in order to see pictures, sketches executed in the field.

Experimental research will address the manipulative activity used to discover new aesthetic possibilities of materials, construction methods, and spatial relationships. The second stage is analysis. The first step in this stage would be involved with the creation of an abstract or relational diagram. At this stage Sasaki would be concerned with the relationships of various functions that would be involved on the site.

In the second step of the analysis stage Sasaki would be concerned with creating a space or sequential diagram. These diagrams would comprise of placing the various functions in space in their order of location in space according to the contributing influences of site, situation, and function. The final step that he will work on in the analysis stage would be concerned with creating a circulation diagram. At this point Sasaki will use synthesis of all the factors into a design form.

Hideo Sasaki- “Design Process (1950)” In Edward Relph’s, Place Reclamation (1993) he describes his approach the theory of landscape architecture is that as designers our first task when designing a site, is to develop a sensitivity to the characteristics of places. In other words he believes that our task is to find a means of balancing local considerations with broader social and ecological concerns. (Swaffield 102-104) In designing the Peters Cartridge Company, Relph would have a socially

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conscious approach to designing the Peters Cartridge Company in Kings Mills, Ohio. Relph would begin his approach to the site by looking at the social needs of the community, in order in finding ways to promote social interaction with the outdoor environment.

Program elements such as community gardens and other outdoor gathering spaces.

Edward Relph- “Place Reclamation (1993)” Matthew Potteiger and Jamie Purinton’s approach is based upon the landscape narrative. They believe that the use of spatial narratives can be limiting to the users experience and imagination. Therefore they have come up with the idea of what is called the “open narrative.” This narrative can be described as open to interpretation, multiple authorship, competing discourses and change. This helps to create a landscape that is engaging and challenging to the users. In their approach to the Peters Cartridge Company, Matthew Potteiger and Jamie Purinton would begin by looking at the historical, ecological and geological context within the site. The use of these elements will lead them to creating forms and material pallets. (Swaffield 136-144) Matthew Potteiger and Jamie Purinton- “Landscape Narrative (1998)”

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PROBLEM STATEMENT Production of ammunition and gun powder for nearly one hundred year left the site in poor condition. The soil was contaminated by mainly Lead, Copper, and Mercury. Conditions were so poor the site was declared a superfund site in 2012. Nearing mid-summer 2016 the when cleanup is scheduled to finalize, the report are in. 32,000 cubic yard of was excavated, treated, and relocate somewhere else on site. With the removal of all that soil, the site is left mostly barren. Revegetating and restoring the site is crucial to our site design. The factory is also located next to a “bike� trail that is part of a greater Ohio to Erie trail system, and we wish to preserve and improve the quality of this trial.

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SCOPE Mission Statement The intention of this project is to create a master plan that will reuse the abandoned Peters Cartridge Ammunition Factory. We will do this by creating a connection to the rail trail, water’s edge, and working off of the historical and ecological issues on the site.

We will focus our design on providing a historical and ecological destination, while also creating an educational and recreational area for the surrounding community.

Goals & Objectives Our first goal is to create a small recreational space that will engage and connect the community with the river. Our objectives include creating a kayaking launch zone, provide several areas for fishing and to create a trail that will connect the rail trail to the river.

Our second goal is educate the community on the historical significance of the Peters Cartridge Factory.

We plan on doing this by providing a historical interpretive station for education while also integrating historical interpretive opportunities throughout the site. We also plan on explaining the manufacturing process by reusing industrial materials that are found on site.

Our third goal is to provide a destination that will connect the newly renovated Peters Cartridge Factory with the surrounding community. In order to accomplish this, we plan on providing various business opportunities between Hopkinsville and Kings Mills as well as creating a bike stop that will include various biking amenities. We will also design a plaza that can be used for public events such as public gallery viewings and small festivals.

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Our final goal is to improve the existing ecology while demonstrating and educating the community on the environmental restoration processes on site. We will do this by revegetating and managing the riverfront with native plantings, provide an ecological exhibit

dedicated to environmental education, and we will develop a plan for managing stormwater by using methods such as green roofs and bio-retention.

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METHODOLOGY & PROCESS

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SITE CONTEXT The Peters Cartridge Factory is located in the town of Kings Mills, Ohio. Kings Mills can be located along interstate 71 in Warren County. The site is located 22 miles north of Cincinnati and 28 miles south of Dayton.

The factory is now part of a redevelopment plan by Bloomfield/Schon to be repurposed into multi-use facility providing living units and a restaurant. In addition, due to the location of the factory along a rail trail and its vicinity to the adjacent towns, the multi-use facility opens up opportunities for a bike stop as well as for historical and ecological education.

The newly repurposed Peters Cartridge Factory is estimated to provide around 120 units for living. The factory is just over a mile to the closest interstate which connect Cincinnati and Dayton. This makes it a prime location for those who want to commute to these two cities for work.

The uniqueness of our site will provide a change in scenery to those who want to escape fast paced life of the city. Our design allows for residential accommodations, educational opportunities, rail trail amenities, and unique recreational opportunities that will create an exciting experience for residents and visitors to the area.

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HISTORY 1825: The Chapman Brothers built a mill pond dam on the Little Miami River 1846: Austin & Carlton Powder Company converted the mill to the manufacture of gunpowder.

1855: Joseph Warren King purchased the Austin & Charlton powder mill and expanded it as the Miami Powder Company.

1863: Kings Mill was targeted by Morgan’s Raiders during their trip through Ohio, but missed the town due to unknown circumstances 1877: King sold the Miami Powder Company to build the Great Western Powder Works with the company town of Kings Mills 1881: King’s son-in-law Gershom Moore Peters began working at the powder mill.

1885: Peters became president of the powder company when King died 1887: Peters formed the Peters Cartridge Company at Kings Mills 1889: The Peters Cartridge Company was manufacturing 4,000 cartridges per hour July 15, 1890: A collision of loaded railway cars being shunted at the powder works triggered an explosion killing twelve people and starting fires destroying the railroad station, the freight house, two Peters Cartridge Company office buildings, the shell factory, the cartridge loading plant, a large warehouse and six employee residences.

WWI: With the approach of World War I the company received large ammunition orders from the Russian Empire and from the United Kingdom of Great Brit-

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ain and Ireland.

1934: Remington Arms purchased the Peters Cartridge Company.

WWII: Facilities were expanded during World War II to include the federally-owned Kings Mills Ordnance Plant manufacturing military ammunition on an adjacent hill south of the Peters factory complex 1944: Production of military ammunition ended, and Remington sold the Kings Mills factory to Columbia Records. Columbia manufactured phonograph records at Kings Mills.

1949: Columbia sold the factory to Seagram Distillers as warehouse space until 1968.

2002: RJ Bond of Criterion Technologies rented the place to make a new horror movie, entitled first The Factory and now Ghost Factory, in December of 2002 2012: The site was listed as a Superfund National Priorities List site by the Environmental Protection Agency in April for copper, lead and mercury soil contamination.

2015: Site cleanup started, 32,000 cubic yards of soil was excavated and treated.

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ARCHITECTURAL CHARACTER One aspect of our site that could not be overlooked was the architectural character of the factory.

Initially we thought that the building’s architecture fell under the art deco style. This was due to the fact that the ornateness of the exterior of the buildings. The Art Deco style traditionally is often characterized by rich colors, bold geometric shapes and lavish ornamentation. However upon further research we found that the factory actually falls under the prairie style architecture. Prairie style is traditionally marked by horizontal lines, flat or hipped roofs with broad overhanging eaves, windows grouped in horizontal bands, integration with the landscape, and the lack of ornamentation.

The Peters Cartridge Factory makes use of horizontal lines throughout is architecture. We knew that Frank Lloyd Wright was very prominent in the prairie style movement. This led us to look at the Robie House. The Robie House falls well within the prairie style movement, but what we found unique was the ornate bold geometric shapes of the stained glass windows which was very similar to the ornamentation of the exterior of the factory.

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SOIL EXCAVATION Production of ammunition and gun powder for nearly one hundred year left the site in poor condition. The soil was contaminated by mainly Lead, Copper, and Mercury. Conditions were so poor the site was declared a superfund site in 2012.

Nearing mid-summer 2016 the cleanup is scheduled to finalize, the reports are in. 32,000 cubic yard of soil was excavated, treated, and relocate somewhere else on site. The soil was burned to remove the contaminates, and relocated to the top of the ridge directly south of the factory and will continue to be monitored.

In the first map, yellow delineates where soil was excavated on site. The second map shows the locations in red where high levels of lead were found. The soil excavated was treated and moved to a consolidated cell south of the site.

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REGIONAL WATERSHED Analyzing the watershed at various scales is important for us to be able to understand the impacts upstream has on the ecosystem further downstream.

A major element about our site that we could not overlook was the fact that our site is located next to the Little Miami River. This river is part of the greater Little Miami watershed.

The Little Miami Watershed is a 1,758 square mile basin that drains from its headwaters just below Dayton, and into the Ohio River in Cincinnati. The Little Miami watershed flows through 11 counties.

By sampling fish and macroinvertebrates at over one hundred sites, the Ohio Environmental Protection Agency is regularly monitoring the Little Miami River System’s health. At present Ohio EPA’s data shows that the aquatic life and water quality are in good condition.

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VEGETATION Due to contamination on the site, most of the existing vegetation was stripped away to properly deal with the contaminated soil. The EPA and DuPont Group, who are cleaning the site, conducted a vegetation survey before beginning the cleanup.

The survey showed that there were shockingly very little invasive species. The five most common species, Sugar Maple, White Ash, Tulip Poplar, Sycamore, and Box Elder match records saying they were some of the more common species found in the Little Miami River Watershed.

For more herbaceous species from the Little Miami River Watershed, there is Blue Lobelia, Christmas Fern, and Lizard Tail. There are some relatively rare plant species that can be found in this watershed.

Purple Cliffbrake Ferns have been found on rocky slopes of the Little Miami River, and the Miami Mist which shares a name with the watershed it’s found in.

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WILDLIFE The DuPont group and the EPA preformed a study on the Red Bat and Big Brown Bat, before starting the cleaning up of the area, to make sure they weren’t disturbing their habitats. Little to no disturbance would occur during clean up, and they proceeded to clean up the site For the most part the site plays home to some very common critters, like Raccoons, Grey Squirrels, and Whitetail Deer. The site could also be home to some less common animals, the American Badger and Swamp Rattlesnake.

The birds are pretty common too, Mourning Doves, Blue-Winged Teal, Canadian Geese but on occasion Ring-Necked Pheasants and Pleated Woodpecker.

The river is full of life. A myriad of shellfish like Bivalve Mollusks and Crayfish live in the river system, but the fish like Largemouth Bass, Smallmouth Bass, and Channel Catfish will draw fishermen to the site.

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SITE WATERSHED Due to the fact of the site lies between the river and an increasing grade change, we felt that it was important to look at the site’s hydrology. In order to determine this information we used GIS to create a flow direction and flow accumulation map. This helped us to be able to determine the drainage issues and look at the paths that the water takes as it drains through our site and into the Little Miami River.

When looking at our map we realized that there are several ravines that flow through our site. These ravines flow from the hillside on the south side of our site, underneath the buildings and into the river.

The site’s watershed gave us an understanding of why exactly where the water flowed on the site during periods of rain.

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TOPOGRAPHY One factor that could not be overlooked was the topography of the site. The Peters Cartridge Factory sits within a valley within the 100 year floodplain of the Little Miami River. The factory’s remote location, gradual slope and the close vicinity to the Little Miami River, made this location an excellent place for an ammunition factory. The location of the factory within a valley presents a challenge for stormwater drainage. There are three ravines flow through our site and into the Little Miami River.

After years of vacancy many of the sites drainage systems are in much need of repair. When the factory was in operation it made use of two of the ravines by channeling the water into the building in order to supply water to the boilers. The third ravine was channeled into pipes which transported the water into the river. In order for us to understand further about the opportunities and constraints existing in the topography we will look at three sections that will demonstrate the character of the site.

The elevation data told us that there is a grade change of 250 feet from the river to the highest peak on the site. Aspect data showed that the slopes of the hillside predominantly face north. While looking at the slope data we realized that a large portion of our site has a slope between 12 and 40 degrees or 21 to 83 percent.

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CLIMATE AND ASPECT The Kings Mill area has fairly mild weather. On average temperature reach around 76 degrees Fahrenheit during the peak of summer, and about 29 degrees Fahrenheit during mid-winter. In harsher years the temperatures can average up in the mid to low 90s at the height of the summer, and can get down into the single digits in the coldest part of winter. Winds for the most part come from the west, except in mid-August when they come from the east more. With the orientation of the Peters Cartridge Factory and the valley it sits in causes the wind to have a tunneling effect and rush through the site, making it colder inside the factory’s center courtyard. This affect is only gotten worse with the cleanup clearing the trees out.

The sun helps in the summer, being on a northern facing slope the site gets less sun in the winter. With an average of 82% cloud coverage, wind tunneling effects, and less sun, winters can be harsh in the site. There is about a 45% chance of precipitation year round, a little more in the December and January and a less chance in September and October.

We also looked at the sites slope aspect. This helped us to understand where the majority of the slopes faced. Most of the slopes on our site faced north.

This tells us that our site tends to be colder than other areas close by.

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DEMOGRAPHICS Kings Mill is in an area that has a great potential to grow. In 2015 Cincinnati was deemed 16th largest growing metropolitan area, by Forbes Magazine, but our research shows that Cincinnati’s population in shrinking. This must mean people are choosing to live more outside the city, and the same pattern was found for Dayton. With these patterns and the increase of population in Warren county, the communities surrounding area in growing.

Predominately the communities around the Peters Cartridge Factory are Caucasian, but slowly more diversity has been making its way into the area in the past few years. The community seems to be hard working, unemployment is going down. Their occupation percentage is about the same as all of Ohio or greater than all of Ohio. This usually means nicer and safer neighborhoods. The average income for the area is just above $90,000. Mostly couples in the age range of 40 – 50 years old, and only about 20% of the area is currently for rent. With the growth of the population the amount of vacant rentable space will start to decrease rapidly. A little over 40% of the population has a college education, this is on par with the rest of the country.

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PROXIMITY Forbes Magazine voted Cincinnati 16th largest growing metropolitan area in the United States of America, and the census shows us that the population of Cincinnati is shrinking. More people are moving to communities surrounding Cincinnati and commuting into the city. Kings Mill being less than 30 miles from the city and less than 5 minutes from the nearest interstate the goes into downtown Cincinnati is a convenient location.

Kings Mill is also less then 30 miles from Dayton.

Dayton and Cincinnati both are in the top 6 largest cities in Ohio. Close to 2 major cities in Ohio and 1 in Kentucky, 4 top universities, a handful of recreational destination, and 2 international airport just over 30 miles away. Kings Mill has a bright future.

Getting in closer we see what he town of Kings Mill and the surrounding towns have to offer.

From education to emergency services it’s got it all. All emergency services in 3 miles or less. A supermarket and a farmers market are within 2 miles of Peters Cartridge Factory. From early child development to high school the area has it all, both private and public education opportunities. For thrill seeker looking for a the nearest roller-coaster, Kings Island Amusement Park is practically in Peters Cartridge Factory’s backyard

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COMPOSITE In our first composite map we looked at the soil excavation, floodplain, and watershed of our site. From looking at the amount of soil that was removed from the site we came to the conclusion that we would need to come up with a revegetation plan. When looking at the floodplain we realized that the majority of the site would be under water during periods of when a 100 year storm occurs.

This presented a challenge that needed to be approached during the design phase of our project.

In the watershed data we found out where the water flows on our site and the reason why the factory was chosen to be there in the first place. Due to the use of hydroelectric power the existing culverts and drainage flowed into and under the building.

This in gave us an opportunity to utilize the existing drainage system in order to divert water off the site.

In our second composite map we included the slope of the site. Due to the fact that we wanted to include trails into our design we felt that slope was an important factor. The slope of much of our site ranges anywhere between the 21 to 83 percent. The steepness of the slope led us to the conclusion that our trail system would have to be between 10 and 13 percent and that an ADA accessible trail of 5 percent would be impossible.

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COMPOSITE In our third composite analysis map we focused the strengths of our site. One aspect that we took into account is where all of the historical artifacts were located on the site. These artifacts could potentially be used to help tell the story of the factory as well as being used as focal points along the trails.

Our second strength is the factory’s location in regards to the rail trail. The factory practically sits right on the rail trail and has great potential to becoming a historical and ecological destination as well as a local biking and kayaking destination for the town of Kings Mills and its surrounding communities.

A third strength that we took into account was the fact that the factory itself is on the historical landmark. Being labeled as historical landmark alone can attract many visitors to the site.

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CASE STUDIES

The Pere Marquette Trail, MI • The Pere Marquette Trail is a former railroad route that stretches from Midland to Baldwin (with a gap in the trail in Clare) • The paved section from Clare to Sanford and Midland is very popular with cyclists, joggers, and walkers, who enjoy the scenic views and smooth trail surface.

• The Sanford Staging Area is located eight miles from Midland, and offers restrooms, seating, water, pressurized air, bike racks, paved parking, and a small picnic pavilion • An historical marker about State Salt Well No. 1 and a marker describing the significance of the “W” signs along the trail are near the trail and provide for some interesting facts.

West Point Foundry Preserve, NY • Cold Spring, New York West Point • The site is also known for it production of ordanace for the parrot gun during the civil war.

• Since then the foundry has been used for various other industries that poluted the site • After many years of dumping toxic metals into the cove, the EPA deemed the site to be a superfund and began cleanup.

• The designer, decided to revegetate the waterfront in order to return it to a natural state, erosion control, and site stabilzation.

• • Trails throughout the site allows pedestrians to glimpse many of the ruins and historic interpretive stations, and signage.

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Taylors Mill, SC • Taylors Mill served as a bleachery and print works for Taylors, SC and the surrounding communities.

• In 1965 the mill was shut down and the building sat vacant for more than 50 years.

• • In 2006 Kenneth Walker purchased and developed the mill into a mixed used community that houses offices, art studios, a bar and coffee shop, and residential lofts.

• Open galleries and a farmers market are common events held at the mill.

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RELATIONSHIP DIAGRAMS Before beginning our design we first had to create a suitability matrix from the program elements that we wanted to include. We each then created a functional diagram. After comparing the two we concluded that there were many similarities and created a final functional diagram. Then used this as a basis for our conceptual design.

Pros:

• Lofts are within close proximity to recreational opportunities • The rail trail offers access to the historical and ecological education opportunities • Access from the rail trail to the boardwalk easily connects pedestrians to the water’s edge

Cons:

• Limited parking for recreational use • Fishing area could more isolated • Factory location constrains locations of some program elements

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CONCEPTUAL MASTERPLAN

Our first two masterplans were created from analyzing our relationship diagram and suitability matrix.

We had issues getting things to fit in the way we wanted. Parking was one of the biggest issues that we had during the design phase of the project. The developers originally wanted to put parking inside all of the buildings and an additional 100 spaces in the center courtyard. After many configurations we felt that the parking in all the buildings took away from the integrity of some of the buildings so we decided to move parking behind one of the buildings where we utilized an existing path that had been excavated during the EPA cleanup. We also realized the developers wanted an outdoor pool built into the floodplain we decide to move the pool inside and add retail shops within the building where the developers wanted parking. And with these changes we worked our way to our final masterplan.

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SOLUTIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS

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FINAL MASTERPLAN

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REVEGETATION PLAN Due to the fact that much of the site exist around steep slopes and the fact that much of the soil has been removed, we needed to come up with a plan to prevent erosion and slow down stormwater runoff.

Our solution was to come up with a revegetation plan that will not only return a large portion of the site to a more natural state but will also combat erosion and stormwater runoff. The first stage of our plan is to plant temporary erosion control plants. One plant that is used commonly for temporary erosion control is annual ryegrass.

Annual ryegrass not only helps slope stabilization and stormwater management it also helps to rebuild the soil. Ryegrass has a dense, shallow root system that improves water infiltration and enhances soil tilth. Its rapid growth also helps to supply organic matter back into the soil. Our second stage in our revegetation plan is replant the site with plant that are native to the area and that are well adapted to our site. For this we will look to the tree survey done by the Parson’s group as well as many of the other plants that are commonly found in the area.

The last stage in our plan is to ensure that the new plants and growth will become well established without the threat from local pest. Our solution is to use surround these newly planted areas with deer fencing. These fences should be at least 8 feet tall.

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STORMWATER MANAGEMENT During our inventory and analysis phase of our project we discovered that the floodplain runs well within our site as well as learning that the sites watershed flows into several ravines that run beneath the buildings and into the river. In order to help combat the effects from flooding and stormwater runoff we decided to come up with a plan to manage stormwater runoff.

One way that we plan to combat stormwater through the use of green roofs. Many of the roofs that make up the Peters Cartridge Factory are flat and contain skylight windows. Adding a green roof will not only absorb some of the water that will fall on the site during periods of rain but will also add an aesthetic to the living units on the top floors of the buildings. When thinking about green roofs we also had to think about drainage for these systems. Any overflow will be piped into the existing stormwater system beneath the plaza.

Another aspect of our plan is the use bio-retention cells within the plaza. These inlets will absorb much of the rain water that falls within the plaza.

Each basin within the plaza will have a catch basin that will collect excess water and divert it into the stormwater pipes that run beneath the plaza.

During our design phase of our project we wanted to limit the amount of pavement added to the site. After several iterations of designs we realized that parking was an ever increasing issue that needed to be addressed. Our design led us into adding a parking lot to the west of our plaza. The addition of the parking lot increased the amount of stormwater runoff to our site. We designed the parking lot to be within close vicinity to our proposed commercial spaces. The main building that is proposed for commercial use is directly to the south of the parking lot. This building had an existing open drainage system which ran into the

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river. We decided to make use of this drainage system by increasing the length along the front of the building, creating a moat. This moat will not only serve in absorbing stormwater from the parking lot but also serve as a teach tool for the importance of stormwater management as well as have an aesthetic value.

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Scale: 1”=40’

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RAIL TRAIL STOP AND KAYAK LAUNCH

The rail trail stop includes public restrooms, drinking fountain, bike and kayak rentals, and a rain garden.

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PLAZA, POOL RESTAURANT, RETAIL AND ARTIST SPACE

We decided to raise the plaza up 1’ and included areas for bio-retention. The building utilize an extensive green roof to help with stormwater management The fountain acts as a focal point when entering the site from the east. The original development plan included an outdoor pool and parking inside the building to the south of the site. We decided to move parking behind the building. We also realized that the building itself was large enough to allow for a pool retail and artist space.

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WATERFRONT

During the EPA cleanup much of the existing riparian vegetation was removed. In order to prevent removing more vegetation we decided to utilize to area where the vegetation was removed and create a raised boardwalk.

We also included a fishing dock that is large enough for a small class to learn about the EPA cleanup and the revegetation process. We also felt the need to include a hammock and picnic area near the river.

Another small fishing pier to the north east allows for river access.

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OPEN SPACE AND HISTORICAL AND ECOLOGICAL CENTER

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TRAIL SYSTEM AND OVERLOOK

Our large open space includes a children’s play area, agricultural area, outdoor classroom and a historical/ ecological learning center. The developers were not sure what they wanted to do with the existing building so we decided to use the building as a means to learn about the history of the site and ecology of the river The outdoor classroom was placed on an old existing foundation. Due to the nature of where the water drains on site we included a bio-retention pond between the rail trail and the classroom.

As mentioned before the slope of the land presented a challenge for accessible trails. We decided our best option was to create a trail system that is at 13 percent. We also wanted to create a trail system that allowed pedestrians to view some of the old ruins from the old factory as well as finding the right areas to include overlooks to rest and view the factory.

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B

B’ Scale: 1”=40’

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A

A’

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SECTION A-A’ Section A-A’ showcases the site’s steep terrain as well as the various elements that we included in our design. The overlook sits at the highest point of our site and gives pedestrians a chance to view the factory and the river. The section also shows the newly designed parking area in regards to the slope of the hillside and

OVERLOOK

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PARKING

the back of the commercial building. As you can see in the plaza, we include bio-retention cells within the plaza. You can also see from the section the relationships between the factory and the rail trail as well as the factory and the river.

PLAZA

RAIL TRAIL

LITTLE MIAMI RIVER

Scale: 1”=30’

A’ 55

SECTION B-B’ Section B-B’ also shows the context of the sites design in regards to the river and the steep slope of the hillside.

The section also showcases the various elements that we have

FISHING PIER

B’ 56

RAIL TRAIL

PLAY AREA

EDUCATIONAL CENTER

included in our design. Here you can see the fishing pier, rail trail, children’s play area, agriculture and educational center, and the extent of our trail system.

TRAIL SYSTEM

Scale: 1”=30’

B

57

KAYAK LAUNCH In order to connect the community with the river, we decided to design for a kayak/canoe launch.

With the new boat launch pedestrians will be able to access the Little Miami River, and will have the opportunity to enjoy the sites and sounds of the riparian wildlife.

58

SECTION C-C’ C’ C

Rain Garden Bike Station and Rack

C

Section C-C’ showcases the rail trail stop. This area feature a rain garden, bike fix station, display area, parking for the rail trail, and a bike and kayak rental shop.

Display Area

Parking

Scale: 1”=10’

Bike and Kayak Rentals

C’ 59

TRAIL HEAD

Across Grandin Rd. from the factory is a trail head for the Little Miami Trail. The trail head features place where pedestrians can rent a bike for the recreational trail or a kayak for the river. There is also a bike rack, bike fixing station, water fountain, and snack shop for those who want to stop along the rail trail to rest and a quick bite to eat. Due to the fact of the compacted soil and runoff from the road the trail head also features a rain garden that will absorb the excess runoff from the road and parking lot.

60

SECTION D-D’

D D’

SEATING

Section D-D’ gives us at a glance a view of the plaza in its entirety. In our design we wanted to create a space where people living in the factory could sit and relax, as well as enjoy a bite to eat while enjoying the sounds of the fountain close. We also recognized the importance of stormwater management. The plaza features seating areas, areas where bio-retention could take place, an outdoor dining deck which is connected to the restaurant, and a large fountain.

BIO-RETENTION CELL OUTDOOR DINING AREA

FOUNTAIN

Scale: 1”=10’

D

D’ 61

FACTORY ENTRANCE The entrance to the factory allows people to be dropped off and enter into the lobby which was once used as the factory’s powerhouse. The entryway roundabout gives access to some of the ground floor parking the factory has. The entrance also allows for optimal views of the architecture. A large fountain in the center of the entrance acts as a focal point and features a concrete and brass sign.

The roundabout is designed to have a trash truck comfortably navigate around it, this allows personal vehicles of any size to maneuver comfortably as well.

62

PLAZA Many of the plaza’s planting beds are inset into the ground and are planted with native grasses and other riparian species, help with stormwater management. There are also areas where there are two open areas. These open areas can be used for small gathering of friends for relaxation and are large enough for small public events.

In addition to the open greens and bio-retention the plaza offers several seating areas and retail opportunities. A large fountain can also be found at the far end of the plaza near the restaurant. While dining at the restaurant patrons will be able see and enjoy the sound of moving water.

63

OUTDOOR DINING AREA A restaurant within the factory’s old powerhouse offers an outdoor dining experience where views of the factory’s tower can be seen.

64

FOUNTAIN A large fountain can also be found at the far end of the plaza near the restaurant. While dining at the restaurant patrons will be able see and enjoy the sound of moving water.

65

RETAIL AND BIO-RETENTION MOAT One of the existing building had an exposed drainage systems in place. This drainage system has now been expanded in order to collect water from the adjacent parking lot. The moat contains many native riparian plants that will slow down and filter the water as it travels into the existing drainage system and into the river. The moat also provide a unique aesthetic feature to an otherwise boring building.

66

OPEN GREEN SPACE There is a large open green space just of the existing rail trail. The space lays between the main factory space and the new learning center. The space includes a natural play area, raised mounds with a tunnel as well as a curved slide from the tallest mound, for the kid. The open space is open to be used by residents and the general public. The space is excellent for a game of Ultimate Frisbee or holding an upscale outdoor event

67

AGRICULTURE AREA/EDUCATIONAL CENTER “Building 3� or the building that sits away from the rest of the factory, is being converted into a historical and ecological learning center. The building will provide an interpretive historical exhibit to educate people of the past importance of the site and an ecological interpretive exhibit to educate people about the contamination, clean up, and restoration of the site.

There is also an open agricultural area in front of the learning center that offers an opportunity for residents of the factory to take part in community gardening as well as educational opportunities for visitors to the learning center.

68

OUTDOOR CLASSROOM An outdoor classroom sits just beyond the learning center and is surrounded by a large stormwater management system. The reuses of an existing foundation makes this area a prime location for an outdoor classroom, and with the removal of much of the forest and the revegetation of the hillside will allow for perfect educational opportunities for teaching anyone about forest ecology and stormwater management.

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E E’

SECTION E-E’ In section E-E’ you can see the extent of our design for the waterfront. During the design phase we came up with different opportunities for the community to engage water’s edge and the river. Even though the rail trail travels along the river, its location was still too far from the water’s edge for pedestrians to enjoy.

We chose design elements that could potentially bring pedestrians closer to the river. During our inventory and analysis phase and our design phase we discovered that much of the soil and vegetation had been removed along the waterfront due to the lead contamination of the soil. In these areas we designed a fishing pier, picnic area, boardwalk, and a hammock space. In addition to these elements we also wanted to add to the existing plant community by coming up with a plan to revegetate the rest of the waterfront with native riparian plants.

WATERFRONT

A boardwalk along the riverfront leads pedestrians a small open area with picnic amenities, like tables and park grills. Form the boardwalk and the green open area there are spectacle views of the river to the north. To the south of the small open area is a hammock area with some provide hammock set up during the warmer months and area for one to hang up their own hammock if they wish.

Continuing along the board walk you come to a river overlook and a fishing dock down closer to the water’s edge. The overlook is both for recreational and educational purposes.

70

FISHING PIER

PICNIC AREA

HAMMOCK AREA

RAIL TRAIL

Scale: 1”=10’

E

E’

71

OVERLOOK

During the design process we wanted to showcase several of the blast shelters that were scattered throughout the site. In order to do this we decided to incorporate a trail system that would allow the community to experience the history of the site. Due to the steepness of the site we were forced to design a trail system that had a 13% slope. We also looked for other opportunities that we could incorporate into the trails system.

Thinking back to our composite map we decided to take advantage of the fact that factory can be considered a historical landmark and decided to incorporate several overlooks that offer views of the factory and the river. These overlooks will also include signage that will teach people about the history of the factory and its ecological impact it has had on the land.

72

CONSTRUCTION DOCUMENTS

73

CALLOUT DETAIL PLAN

74

75

PARKING LOT LAYOUT PLAN

76

77

BIKE FIX STATION DETAIL

78

BIKE RACK DETAIL

79



KEYSTONE RIDGE DESIGNS, INC 670 MERCER ROAD BUTLER, PA 16001 1-800-284-8208 FAX: (724) 284-1253 www.keystoneridgedesigns.com

Ø2385 [600mm]

2787 [708mm]

Ø12 [Ø305mm]

FLAT SPUN LID DETAIL

3 [818mm] 3216

35 [889mm]

SPECIFICATIONS STEEL SIZES 1/8" x 1 1/2" SQ. TUBE 1/8" x 1" SQ. TUBE 1/8" x 3/4" SQ. TUBE 1/4" x 2" FLAT 1/4" x 1 1/2" ANGLE 1/4" x 2" ANGLE

STEEL FINISH

KEYSHIELD POWDER COATING

HARDWARE

ANCHOR BOLTS NOT INCLUDED

DRAWN BY: B.R. DATE: 12-12-02

80

2 [51mm]

ARTISAN 32 GALLON LITTER RECEPTACLE PLAN - ELEVATION

GRADE

PATENT NO. DES. 421,515

AR3-32

THIS DOCUMENT AND ALL INFORMATION SHOWN HEREON ARE THE EXCLUSIVE PROPERTY OF KEYSTONE RIDGE DESIGNS, INC. THIS DOCUMENT IS FURNISHED WITH THE EXPRESS UNDERSTANDING THAT NEITHER IT NOR THE INFORMATION ON IT IS TO BE DISCLOSED OR REPRODUCED IN WHOLE OR IN PART, OR USED IN ANY WAY, EITHER DIRECTLY OR INDIRECTLY, FOR THE BENEFIT OF ANYONE OTHER THAN KEYSTONE RIDGE DESIGNS, INC. WITHOUT ITS WRITTEN CONSENT.



KEYSTONE RIDGE DESIGNS, INC 670 MERCER ROAD BUTLER, PA 16001 1-800-284-8208 FAX: (724) 284-1253 www.keystoneridgedesigns.com

96" [2438mm]

13" [580mm] 2216

9 " [929mm] 3616

9 " [624mm] 2416 17" [431mm] SEAT HEIGHT

SPECIFICATIONS STEEL SIZES 1/8" x 1 1/2" SQ. TUBE 18/" x 1" x 2" RECT. TUBE 1/8" x 3/4" SQ. TUBE 1/8" x 1" SQ. TUBE 3/8" x 1 1/2" FLAT

STEEL FINISH

KEYSHIELD POWDER COATING

HARDWARE

ANCHOR BOLTS NOT INCLUDED

DRAWN BY: B.R. DATE: 12-12-02

GRADE 2014" [514mm]

ARTISAN 8' BENCH WITH BACK PLAN - ELEVATION

PATENT NO. DES. 406,701

AR28

THIS DOCUMENT AND ALL INFORMATION SHOWN HEREON ARE THE EXCLUSIVE PROPERTY OF KEYSTONE RIDGE DESIGNS, INC. THIS DOCUMENT IS FURNISHED WITH THE EXPRESS UNDERSTANDING THAT NEITHER IT NOR THE INFORMATION ON IT IS TO BE DISCLOSED OR REPRODUCED IN WHOLE OR IN PART, OR USED IN ANY WAY, EITHER DIRECTLY OR INDIRECTLY, FOR THE BENEFIT OF ANYONE OTHER THAN KEYSTONE RIDGE DESIGNS, INC. WITHOUT ITS WRITTEN CONSENT.

81



KEYSTONE RIDGE DESIGNS, INC 670 MERCER ROAD BUTLER, PA 16001 1-800-284-8208 FAX: (724) 284-1253 www.keystoneridgedesigns.com

2441 [616mm] 40 [1016mm] SQ. 88 [2235mm]

30 [762mm] TABLE HEIGHT 9 [420mm] 1616

STEEL FINISH

KEYSHIELD POWDER COATING

HARDWARE

ANCHOR BOLTS NOT INCLUDED

DRAWN BY: B.R. DATE: 12-12-02

82

HAPSBURG SQUARE TABLE AND FLAT SEATS PLAN - ELEVATION

EXCLUSIVE

BY DESIGN

HP6-1SQ

THIS DOCUMENT AND ALL INFORMATION SHOWN HEREON ARE THE EXCLUSIVE PROPERTY OF KEYSTONE RIDGE DESIGNS, INC. THIS DOCUMENT IS FURNISHED WITH THE EXPRESS UNDERSTANDING THAT NEITHER IT NOR THE INFORMATION ON IT IS TO BE DISCLOSED OR REPRODUCED IN WHOLE OR IN PART, OR USED IN ANY WAY, EITHER DIRECTLY OR INDIRECTLY, FOR THE BENEFIT OF ANYONE OTHER THAN KEYSTONE RIDGE DESIGNS, INC. WITHOUT ITS WRITTEN CONSENT.

BIO-RETENTION CELL DETAIL

GREEN ROOF DETAIL Vegetation

Growing media Rooflite Certified Green Roof Media Filter layer Drainage layer Root barrier Hydrotech Green Roof Assembly

Water Proof Membrane Insulation Roof

Note

ï‚·

Further structural testing must be preformed before implementing this or any green roof system.

83

DECK DETAIL

5'

STEPS

5'-11"

TWO 2"X10" BEAMS

4"X4" POST

8" THICK BRICK WALL

2"X6" JOIST

NOTES:  THE LUMBER TO BE USED IS SOUTHERN PINE PRESSURE TREATED#2 COMMON  ALL LUMBER SHOULD BE SURFACED ON ALL 4 SIDES  ALL DECKING SHOULD HAVE 41" SPACING BETWEEN THEM  ALL DECKING SHOULD BE PLACED BARK SIDE UP  THE LEDGER SHOULD BE FASTENED WITH TWO 21"X38" EXPANSION BOLTS  4"X4" POST IS TO BE ATTACHED TO THE BEAM WITH THREE 34"X4" CARRIAGE BOLTS  BRICK WALL PATTERN TO BE GARDEN WALL

4"X4" POST "X4" CARRIAGE BOLTS

7'-7"

2'-6"

2"X4" RAILING

DECK BOARD

2"X6" JOIST 5 4"X6"

6'

DECK BOARD

2"X12" STRINGER

JOIST SPACING O.C.

5 4"x6"

2'

6" 6'

1' PAVERS

6'

37'

8" 3"

CONCRETE CAP

5 4"X6"

6'-5"

2"X10" LEDGER

10"

DECKING BOARDS 19'-1"

2'-9"

COMPACTED SUBGRADE

2'-6"

CONCRETE FOOTER WITH REINFORCING 3"

GRANULAR BASE 2'-8"

84

14'-11"

STAIR DETAIL

12"

2'-9"

3" RAD. TYP.

1'-11" 4" 9"

1" 8"

1.1292" 1" RAD.

1'-2.4957"

2'

2"

6" 0.75"

6"

0.75"

1'

0

1

2

SEE SIDEWALK DETAIL 1/1 3 4 ASPHALT IMPREGNATED EXPANSION JOINT W/ NEOPRENE SEAL

#3 REBAR EVERY 12" BOTH DIRECTIONS LEAVING 1-1/2" TO OUTSIDE EDGE

4

CONCRETE MIN 3000 PSI FORM FINISH

1'-1.5" 6"

10'

0

1

2

4

85

FOUNTAIN DETAIL

14'

7'

0

7'

1

2

7' 1'-6"

1' 0

7'

1

2

4

7'

1' 1 4"

6"

THICK SEAL PLASTIC LINER

SPILLWAY

4

14'-0"

8"

WATER LEVEL #3 REBAR EVERY 12" BOTH DIRECTIONS LEAVING 1-1/2" TO OUTSIDE EDGE

1'-4"

1'-3" 1 4"X8"

ɸ BRONZE FLANGE 3 4"

ɸ BRONZE PIPE

3' 1" CONDUIT TO ELECT SUPPLY KIM JP7 SUBMERSIBLE JUNCTION BOX KIM KSP-40 SUBMERSIBLE PUMP OR APPROVED EQUIVALENT

86

3" ɸ STEEL PIPE TO SANITARY SEWER SYSTEM

ASPHALT DETAIL

Compacted Subgrade Granular Base Asphalt Concrete Base Course Asphalt Surface Course 1.5000" 3.0000"

9.0000"

2'

CURB DETAIL

1.7324"

5.5" 2"R S

5.983"

2"R

0.875" 8.125" 4" 6" COMPACTED GRANULAR BASE AS SPECIFIED COMPACTED SUBGRADE

#4 REBAR

PAVER DETAIL

Compacted Subgrade Jointing Compund Enduracolor Plus Paver Series 3000 Granular Base

11.75"

0.25" 2.75" 4"

0

1

2

4

87

DETAIL PLAN

88

89

PLAZA PLANTING PLAN PLANT SCHEDULE

90

91

GREEN ROOF PLANTING PLAN

92

93

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ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY “Kings Mills, Ohio.” (OH 45034, 45040) Profile: Population, Maps, Real Estate, Averages, Homes, Statistics, Relocation, Travel, Jobs, Hospitals, Schools, Crime, Moving, Houses, News, Sex Offenders.

Web. 06 May 2016. <http://www.city-data.com/city/Kings-MillsOhio.html>.

“Peters Cartridge Co.” Peters Cartridge Co. Web. 06 May 2016. <http://www.forgottenoh.com/Peters/peters.html>.

“Superfund Records Collections | US Environmental Protection Agency.” Superfund Records Collections | US Environmental Protection Agency. Web. 06 May 2016. <https://semspub.epa.gov/ src/collections/05/AR/OHD987051083>.

“Ammo Factory Cleanup More than Expected.” Cincinnati.com.

Web. 06 May 2016. <http://www.cincinnati.com/story/news/ local/2015/02/13/ammo-factory-cleanup-expected/23364831/>.

“Peters Cartridge Company.” Wikipedia. Wikimedia Foundation.

Web. 06 May 2016. <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peters_ Cartridge_Company>.

“Lofts, Restaurant Coming to Vacant Building near Little Miami Bike Trail.” Widgets RSS. 2015. Web. 06 May 2016. http://www. bizjournals.com/cincinnati/news/2015/12/16/lofts-restaurantcoming-to-vacant-building-near.html “Peter’s Cartridge Company.” Abandoned. 2010. Web. 06 May 2016. http://abandonedonline.net/locations/industrial/peters-cartridgecompany/ “BLOOMFIELD/SCHON.” BLOOMFIELD/SCHON. Web. 06 May 2016. http://www.bloomfieldschon.com/peterscartridgefactory/01/ “Home Page.” American Hydrotech, Inc. Web. 06 May 2016. http:// www.hydrotechusa.com/ “Growth Media – Green Roof, Eco Roof - Rooflite.” Growth Media – Green Roof, Eco Roof - Rooflite. Web. 06 May 2016. http://www. rooflitesoil.com/

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“ .” Warren County. Web. 06 May 2016. http://www.co.warren. oh.us/warrengis/ “Home Page - ODOT TIMS.” Home Page - ODOT TIMS. Web. 06 May 2016. http://gis.dot.state.oh.us/tims “Miami Powder Company.” Wikipedia. Wikimedia Foundation.

Web. 06 May 2016. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miami_Powder_ Company “Pedestrian-friendly Tree Grates.” IRONSMITH. Web. 06 May 2016. http://www.ironsmith.cc/ “Bike Racks | Bike Lockers: Madrax Bicycle Parking.” Bike Racks | Bike Lockers: Madrax Bicycle Parking. Web. 06 May 2016. http:// www.madrax.com/ “Celebrating.” Keystone Ridge Designs Site Furniture. Web. 06 May 2016.http://www.keystoneridgedesigns.com/default.asp Unilock. Web. 3 May 2016. http://unilock.com/ Parsons, and DuPont. Final Design Report Peters Cartridge Factory. Tech. no. 44243. Cleveland: Parsons, 2014. Print.

United States Department of Agriculture, comp. Custom Soil Resource Report for Warren County, Ohio. Tech. National Resources Conservation Service, 2016. Print.

Hedeen, Stanley. “The Little Miami: Wild & Scenic River Ecology & History.” Web. U.S. Department of the Interior. The Litte Miami River: A WIld and Scenic River Study. Rep. no. D4219. Bureau of Outdoor Recreation, 1973. Print.

Brockman, C. Scott. Physiographic Regions of Ohio. Rep. State of Ohio. Print.

DuPont Corporate Remediation Group. Feasibiltiy Study Report: Former Peters Cartridge Facility. Rep. no. CHR8231. Dexter, Michigan: Geosyntec Consultants, 2009. Print.

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Hamilton Township Board of Trustees. Hamilton Township Land Use Plan. Rep. Lebanon, Ohio: Warren County Regional Planning Commission, 2006. Print.

“Ohio To Erie Trail.” Ohio To Erie Trail. Web. 06 May 2016. http://www.ohiotoerietrail.org/

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