tools and artefact_lenggong valley, perak

WORKSHOP

STONE AXE

TOOLS AND ARTEFACT. PERAK MAN

METEORITE

UNIT A - TEAM SHARON - LENGGONG VALLEY, PERAK

CONTENTS.

004 TIMELINE

helo!

001

CHRONOLOGICAL SEQUENCE OF DISCOVERED ARTIFACT

BACKGROUND STUDY GENERAL INFO OF LENGGONG VALLEY

OUR GROUP MEMBERS > SEE THOO JUN HOE 1001645328 TING KAI LIN 1001746129 NG YUE QYNG 1001853057 TAN JIA XUN 1001851636 FABIAN SHAWN 1001746841 CHONG JUN KIAT 1001748545 NGULUBE CHAWANANGWA 1001953300 SARA JANNATH NASRULLAH 1001955219 SOH HOO ZE XIANG 1001849891

005 002

LAYOUT DESIGN BY TING KAI LIN ASSEMBLE IN MALAYSIA

GEOFACT, BIOFACT AND ARTIFACT TOOLS AND PURPOSE SCALE COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS FUTURE OF STONE TOOLS

MAPPING MAPPING OF ARTIFACT DEPTH OF FIND

006 003

FUTURE IMPLEMENTATION TOOLS USED IN THE MODERN WORLD

CATALOGUE BIOFACT GEOFACT ARTIFACT

IN-DEPTH RESEARCH

007

LIFESTYLE VISUAL REPRESENTATION

HISTORY OF ARTEFECTS > Code

001

Scientific Definition Are Artefacts Important?

Types of Artefacts What Artefacts Found in Lenggong?

Artefacts Background in Lenggonge

GENERAL HISTORY OF ARTERACTS

What Artefacts Found in Lenggong?

There are many Artefacts found in Lenggong, featuring “Perak Man” and past cultural lifestyle. Artefacts such as stone tools, pottery and even ornaments that used as accessory. Biofacts as in human skeletal remains and geofacts such as metorite are found in Lenggong.

Scientific Definition Artefacts are objects made by a human beings, typically one of cultural or historical interest.

In general terms, it also be used to refer to the remains of an object, such as carvings on walls, broken shards of pottery, stone-tools, and even skeleton remains etc.

Are Artefacts Important?

Artefacts are useful to scholars who want to learn about a past culture. Many ancient cultures do not actively record their history, they were focus on survival and lifestyles. Artifacts are sometimes provide the only clues about how the people lived.

Artefacts Background in Lenggong ITEMS THATS MADE BY US

Types of Artefacts In general, all past objects or remains can be considered as an Artefacts. Artefacts can be split into 3 sub-topics. There are Artefacts, Biofacts (or ecofact) and Geofacts.

Archaeological Heritage of the Lenggong Valley is one of the longest culture sequences in a single locality in the world. This long culture sequence stretches from the Palaeolithic to the Neolithic and Metal periods, chronometrically dated from 1.83 million to 1,000 years ago.

The richness of the Archaeological Heritage of the Lenggong Valley has been proven by discoveries of one of the largest numbers of in-situ open-air Palaeolithic sites in Southeast Asia and numerous cave sites over a 20year period of multidisciplinary and scientific research. The crowning moment was the discovery of the in-situ Palaeolithic site of Kota Tampan in 1987 which has provided accurate dating and rare insights into the minds of the tool makers on their choice of raw materials, their understanding of lithic materials and the techniques of tool-making. This has made Kota Tampan an important reference site for Palaeolithic stone tool making in the world.

WHAT IS AN ARTEFACT ?

Archaeological Heritage of the Lenggong Valley also yielded the Perak Man – the oldest most complete skeleton in Southeast Asia, dated about 10,000 years ago. This prehistoric skeleton provided the only known evidence of a congenital deformity known as Brachymesophalangia Type 2A and knowledge on Palaeolithic burial ritual. Given its importance and significance in terms of world human history, Archaeological Heritage of

Artefacts

Biofacts/Ecofacts

Geofacts

Artefacts are objects made by a human beings, typically one of cultural or historical interest. Artefacts which are purposefully manipulated for lifestyle improvement.

Biofacts (or ecofacts) are organic material that carries archaeological significance such as animal bones, charcoal, plants, and pollen. Biofacts are passively consumed or handled by humans. Biofacts reveal how ancient cultures respond to their surroundings.

Geofacts are natural stone formation that is difficult to distinguish from a man-made artifact. Geofacts could be fluvially reworked and be misinterpreted as an artifact, especially when compared to paleolithic artifacts

FABIAN SHAWN TAN 1001746841

ARCHAEOLOGICAL PROCESS 4. Excavating the Site

1. Discovering New Sites Archaeological sites are discovered in a variety of ways. Archaeologists consult maps, deeds, census, tax and other records.

Archaeologists make accurate maps of each site prior to excavation. Drawing a base map that indicates where the site is located.

During the excavation, the archaeologists add to the Map to Show which portions of the site were excavated and where Features and Artifacts were Discovered.

Historical sites can also be located through field surveys through the Hints of Old Relic and Survey of Locals. Archaeologists also use Geographic Information Systems (GIS) to improve the efficiency and accuracy of the archaeological review process.

Archaeologists Tools Used

5. Cleaning and Cataloging

2. Conducting Research Archaeologists rely on written information in their research sourced from original written records from the period of time that is studied by archaeologists and historians.

This process is to Speculate and Proof that the artefects are real. Archaeologists are needed to use strategies and methods that minimize impacts to archaelogical resources.

Excavation is only a small part of an archaeologist’s work. After excavation, the job of cleaning, analyzing and interpreting begins. It is estimated that for every hour of excavation it takes at least twenty hours of laboratory and other work to complete an analysis and report.

Often this study and analysis continues for years after the excavation has been completed. It is important to remember that the archaeologist is not just looking for individual objects. The value is what the entire collection or assemblage can tell the archaeologist about the site and the events that happened there through time. Each artifact is then catalogued and analyzed with others found in the same context.

3. Permits Obtaining necessary Permits from (federal, state, local)

6. Reporting the Result The interpretation of the data gathered from the excavation is an ongoing and lengthy process, but cannot be overlooked. Ultimately, Interpretation takes the Form of Publications such as Site Reports and Books, as well as Lectures or Exhibitions.

FABIAN SHAWN TAN 1001746841

MAPPING > Code

002

Mapping of artifact Depth of find

DEPTH OF FIND. ZONE A B C D E

2.33 mil.

1.83 mil.

200 000

100 000

74 000

40 000

10 120

7000

4900

3000

1700

YEAR

DEPTH cm

surface

0

50

100

150

200 LEGEND

BIOFACT

ARTIFACT GEOFACT

250

TING KAI LIN 1001746129 NG YUE QYNG 1001853057 SARA JANNATH NASRULLAH 1001955219

CATALOGUE > Code

003 Geofact Biofact Artifact

CATALOGUE.

geofact & biofact

40,000 years

Code BB002 Stony Meteorite Remnant

11,000 years

40,000 years

Code BB003 Stony Meteorite Remnant

3,000 years

Code GH 001 Burial 1 (Full Skeleton) 2710 ± 30

Code BKG 008 Vivevine Shell Date: 10120 - 2620 (Burial Offering)

Code GGR 001 The Perak Man Skeleton

Code GH 002 Burial 2 (Skeleton) 1760 ± 195

Code GK 002 Female Skeleton

3,000 years

Code GH 004 Burial 3 (UHOS) 1923 ± 20

40,000 years

Code BB007 Breccia Suevite

11,000 years

3,000 years

3,000 years

40,000 years

Code BB004 Suevite Rock (Impact Melt Breccia)

11,000 years

11,000 years

Code BB011 Gravel Culture Layer

40,000 years

Code GH 008 Burial 4 (Fenchunks Of Bones) 2352 ± 20

40,000 years

Code BB009 Shatter Cones

11,000 years

Code BB010 Suevite Rock (Impact Melt Breccia)

11,000 years

Code GK 001 Skeleton Leg Bone

3,000 years

Code GH 009 Burial 5 (Poorly Preserved Remains) 4920 ± 270

Code BKG 001 Charred Animal Bones (Mortuary Good)

3,000 years

Code GH 012 Burial 6 (Fragments Of Human Bones) 2760 ± 30

TAN JIA XUN 1001851636

CATALOGUE.

geofact & biofact

3,000 years

Code GH 015 Burial 7 (Fragments Of Human Bones) 3136 ± 20

3,000 years

Code GH 016 Burial 8 (Full Skeleton) 2424 ± 20

3,000 years

Code GH 017 Burial 10 (Lower limbs and Footbones) 3080 ± 60

3,000 years

Code GH 018 Burial 11 (Human Remains) 4910 ± 30

3,000 years

Code GH 020 Burial 12 (Partially Disturbed Human Remains) 5080 ± 50

TAN JIA XUN 1001851636

CATALOGUE. 4900 years

artefact

4900 years

Code GH003 Pottery

4900 years

4900 years

Code GH005 Pottery

4900 years

Code GH007 Pottery

4900 years

Code GH014 Functions/Usage ???

Code GH006 Functions/Usage ???

Code GH019 Functions/Usage ???

Code BKG001 Functions/Usage ???

10000 years

4900 years

Code GH010 Functions/Usage ???

4900 years

10000 years

Code GH011 Functions/Usage ???

4900 years

Code BKG004 Functions/Usage ???

10000 years

Code GH020 Functions/Usage ???

Code BKG007 Functions/Usage ???

10000 years

10000 years

Code BKG002 Functions/Usage ???

10000 years

Code BKG003 Functions/Usage ???

10000 years

Code BKG005 Functions/Usage ???

10000 years

Code BKG009 Functions/Usage ???

Code BKG006 Functions/Usage ???

10000 years

Code BKG010 Functions/Usage ???

CHONG JUN KIAT 1001748545

CATALOGUE. 1.83 mil

artefact

1.83 mil

Code BB017 Metaquartzite Flaked Pebble Tool

Code BB013

Suevite Hand Axe

200-100 k

200-100 k

200-100 k

Code BJ005 Quartz Hammerstone

70000

200-100 k

Code BJ001 Quartz Pebbletools

200-100 k

Code BJ006 Sandstone Hammerstone

70000

Code KT004

Conjoined Artefact

Flake Tools

Code BJ002 Quartz Hammerstone

200-100 k

Code BJ007 Quartz Pebbletool

70000

Code KT003

200-100 k

Code BJ008 Sandstone Hammerstone

70000

Core Flake Tools

Code BJ003 Sandstone Hammerstone

70000

Code BJ004 Quartz Anvil

70000

Code KT002 Quartz & Slate Flake Tools

Code KT001

Quartzite Flake Tools

70000

Code KT008 Quartz Multiplatform Core

200-100 k

Code KT009 Slate Bidirectional Core

70000

Code KT011 Flake Tool

SARAH NASRULLAH, 1001955219

CATALOGUE.

artefact

70000

70000

Code KT012 Flake Tools

40000

70000

Code KT014 Flake Tools

40000

10000 years

CODE BKG011 Anvil and Hammerstone

Code KT015 Quartzite Bificial Tool

40000

Code BB008 Suevite Hand Axe

Code BB006 Suevite Hand Axe

70000

Code KT017 Flake Tools

40000

Code BB012 Flake Tool

Code KT015 Choper Tools

70000

40000

Code KT018 Quartzite & Quartz Chopper

40000

Code KT016 Palaeoadze

Code BB001 Perimeter Flaked Pebble Tool

40000

Code KT018 Chopper

10000 years

CODE GK-GTK-001 Functions/Usage ???

SARAH NASRULLAH, 1001955219 CHONG JUN KIAT 1001748545

TIMELINE > Code

004

Chronological Sequence of Discovered Artifact

bificial pebble tool

bificial

chopper

hand axe

early paleolithic

02 bukit jawa

74,000

40,000

10,120

03 kota tampan

04 gua gunnung runtuh

hand axe and flaked tool

pebble tool

middle paleolithic

knife

01 bukit bunuh

200,000 100,000

pebble tool

1.83 mil.

point

2.33 mil.

The discovery of early paleolithic civilization in lenggong valley in its uninterrupted timeline. tools representing each timeline are the most significant found on the site.

Purpose of these artifact are mainly for chopping, cutting, excavating and hunting.

scraper

ARTEFACT CHRONOLOGICAL TIMELINE

late paleolithic

SEE THOO JUN HOE 1001645328

4900

3000 05 bukit gua harimau

bronze celt shell pottery

axe blade

spearhead

arrowhead and blades

unspecified stone tools

early neolithic

late neolithic

1700

spearhead and blades

7000

early metal age SEE THOO JUN HOE 1001645328

IN-DEPTH RESEARCH > Code

005

Biofact Geofact Artefact Types and Purpose of Tools Scale Comparative Tools Analysis Future Stone Tools Technique and Uses

MAN-MADE ARTEFACTS Ornaments (Shellfish)

Clay Pottery

Shellfishes shells are discovered near skeleton of the “Perak Man”. There are a total of 2878 shells are collected from grave at different depths.

There are 3 burial sites in Gua Harimau, Lenggong. In burial site 1 and 7, a skeleton with a stature around 160cm was found associated with a cluster of pottery.

82% of shell were collected from above the body of “Perak Man” Shells could be separated into 3 categories small, medium and large shells.

There are 42.7% of medium shells and 18.5% of large shells.

The excavation of “Perak Man”

The species of the Shellfish are mainly belong to the Brotia costula and some Brotia spinosa.

These Shellfish are still eaten today and the method of preparing them then could be similar to the present practice as judged from the character of the remains.

BROTIA COSTULA

Spicy Balitong

BROTIA SPINOSA

Pots were tools for cooking, serving, and storing food, and pottery was also an avenue of artistic expression.

Prehistoric potters formed and decorated their vessels in a variety of ways. Often potters in one community or region made a few characteristic styles of pots.

Riverine Shells - Chopped or Whole

Comparison of Shellfish cuisine of Past and Present In comparison of the past and present shellfish cuisine are still similar whereas we suck the flesh off the shell to eat.

The end of each shell was broken off so that the flesh inside can be sucked out through the cavity made.

In speculation, “Perak Man” uses a hammerstone tools to break the shells and ate the flesh before going into habitation.

In a burial in Gua Harimau, Lenggong, shells were also used as earrings.

It was found near a fragments from the upper half of a skeleton.

It was included a translucent glass bead in the mouth, a small bone pendant, a pair of Conus shell earrings and a shell scraper placed near it’s right arm.

Shellfish Ornaments used as Bracelets & Necklace FABIAN SHAWN 1001746841

PERAK MAN Lenggong Valley is also home to the most important archaeological discovery, the Perak Man. Lenggong Archeological Museum is located in Kota Tampan, near Lenggong.

Biofact A Biofact is a natural object or remains of some sort of life from the past. Unlike artefacts these are not man made of course and unlike geofacts these must be a living being of sorts. We use these to study past life and how they came to be what they are today.

Found as the earliest man with a serious condition which makes specific limbs better than others. An Malaysian ID can be found at the site showing the age range of the perak man according to the time he passed as well as other info. believed to have died around 4045 years of age which is long time for early man.

Perak Man: is the name given to the skeletal remains of a man thought to have lived about 11,000 years ago in the Lenggong Valley district of Hulu Perak. It is the oldest human skeleton found so far in Peninsular Malaysia. The remains were discovered in 1991 in a cave called Gua Gunung Runtuh, a few kilometres north of the town of Lenggong and 105 metres above sea level. The skeleton and other exhibits are found in the Lenggong Valley area and are now in showcase in a museum, the Lenggong Valley Archeological Gallery.

The remains were found in a cave on the site and excavated with the most care and attention.

3D model made based of the skeleton to see what he would have looked like.

The position the perak man was found is believed to show his importance when he was buried as well as the stone tools, shells and food found around him.

NGULUBE CHAWANANGWA 1001953300

METEORITE

In space they are many types of rocks, debris, dust and metal some of the rocks and the metal in the some are called meteoroids. Some of these manage to hit a planets atmosphere these that do are called meteors. Some that are larger and manage to pass the atmosphere can then in turn come all the way down and hit the surface of the planet these go on to be called meteorite.

Geofact A geofact is a natural historical object such as stone formations or meteorites that are not man made and not from any living being. These natural occurrences have been seen and studied all over the world.

On the left we see a depiction of what the excavation of the meteor would have looked like. With few pictures of the whole study but many of the exact specimens.

rocks still high up are called meteroids.

Bukit Bunuh Site, Lenggong Park Not a cave site, but it is related to Malaysian archaeology and the Lenngong Valley in Perak. This is where the meteorites on the space were found.

Bukit Bunuh is in the Lenggong valley, Perak, Malaysia. The excavation site at Bukit Bunuh was dug about 2000 and revealed stone artefacts, and the litho workshop was dated at 40,000 years.

those that reach the atmosphere are meteors

Those that penetrate and reach all the way to the surface of the planet are Meteorites.

NGULUBE CHAWANANGWA 1001953300

OFFERINGS IN BURIAL RITUALS Buried Position “Perak Man” was buried in a position where his hands are crossed and knees position up to his chest.

3. ANIMAL BONES

Importants Burial Rituals Rituals are symbolic activities that expresses the deepest thoughts and feelings about life’s most important events.

The burial ritual is a public, traditional and symbolic means of expressing our beliefs, thoughts and feelings about the death of someone loved and respected. Rich in history, burial rituals helps to acknowledge the reality of the death, gives testimony to the life of the deceased, encourages the expression of grief, allows for the embracing of faith and beliefs about life and death, and offers continuity and hope for the living.

What are Buried in Rituals ?

“Perak Man” is a well respected shaman in the tribe, he gives order and advices to his people. Unlike most tribes men that hunts “Perak Man” can only advice and orders due to a sickness and soon after he died to it. Soon after, the people buried him in respect to honor his services and care. What are the artefects found in his burial ?

1. Stone Tools Stone tools can be found at the burial lying next to his skeleton, assuming that it was used or own by “Perak Man” before he died.

2. Animal Bones (Food) “Perak Man” was buried with food on his hand. Tribesmen buried food with him to show their respect to him, food such as wild pig and lizards. At the time, food are highly valued.

1. STONE TOOLS 2. Shellfish Shells Shellfish shells are located below the skeleton of “Perak Man” this shellfish can be considered food or ornaments to show respects to him.

2. SHELLFISH SHELL FABIAN SHAWN TAN 1001746841

MATERIAL SELECTION OF TOOLS

Direct percussion flaking

TYPE OF MATERIAL

A method of removing flakes by swinging the core against an anvil. Produces large thick flakes. Used extensively in the Clactonian toolmaking industries.

Anvil or Block-on-Block technique

Stone hammer technique or Direct percussion technique A suitable shaped stone is used as hammer and strikes at an inclined angle on the surface of a lump of stone and that result to the removal of a flake with a positive bulb of percussion.

Cylinder hammer technique

SUEVITE

QUARTS

QUARTZITE

BRONZE

Suevite is a rock consisting partly of melted material, typically forming a breccia containing glass and crystal or lithic fragments, formed during an impact event. It forms part of a group of rock types and structures that are known as impactites.

Quartz is a hard,crystalline mineral composed of silica (silicon dioxide).

Quartz is the second most abundant mineral in Earth’s continental crust, behind feldspar. Quartz exists in two forms, the normal B-quartz and the high-temperature .β-quartz, both of which are chiral.

Quartzite is a hard, nonfoliated metamorphic rock which was originally pure quartz sandstone.

Pure quartzite is usually white to grey, though quartzites often occur in various shades of pink and red due to varying amounts of hematite.

Other colors, such as yellow, green, blue and orange, are due to other minerals.

What Is Bronze? Bronze is a metal alloy that primarily contains copper and 12% tin. Other elements such as aluminum, arsenic, manganese, phosphorus, and silicon are also added to yield different properties.

These mixtures form some of the common bronze alloys, including: Leaded bronze.

Hardness scale: -

Hardness scale: 7

Hardness scale: 7

Hardness scale: 3

TECHNIQUES OF TOOL MAKING

The advanced tool making technology developed in the early palaeolithic times is the soft hammer or cylinder hammer technique. In this case, the hammer is of a cylindrical bone or antler or hard wood; soft stone might be used.

Bipolar technique The technique whereby a core is placed on an anvil and a flake is detached by striking it with a third implement. The flake is characterized by a double bulb of percussion, one at each of its ends or, more often on quartz flakes, by crushing at each end.

Stepped or Resolved/controlled flaking technique As the name signifies the flake scars produced by this technique are shaped like a step. Here the hammer directs the force inside the thicker part of the stone in contradistinction to force directed outwards in the case of free flaking technique.

Clactonian technique Clactonian industry, early flake tool tradition of Europe. Rather primitive tools were made by striking flakes from a flint core in alternating directions; used cores were later used as choppers. Flakes were trimmed and used as scrapers or knives.

Levalloisian technique

INTRODUCTION We can broadly group the stone tool making techniques of prehistoric periods into four. They are percussion, blade, grinding & polishing and shattering. Out of these four groups, the percussion group has two sub-groups, the direct percussion and the indirect percussion. The direct percussion sub-group consists of eight techniques.

A method of creating stone tools by first striking flakes off the stone, or core, along the edges to create the prepared core and then striking the prepared core in such a way that the intended tool is flaked off with all of its edges presharpened.

Discoid core or Mousterian technique This is also a prepared core technique for obtaining a flake. In this case the prepared core resembles a circular or disc shape. Any one of the flake scars on the core serves as striking platform and a flake with 2 to 4 truncated flake scars on the dorsal surface could be detached by striking with a stone hammer.

Indirect percussion flaking Indirect percussion flaking is a process where some device holds the core or flake being worked, leaving both hands free to drive off flakes with greater force or precision. One hand holds a punch-like piece of antler or bone against the core while the other holds a hammer and strikes the punch to drive off flakes.

CHONG JUN KIAT 1001748545

TYPES & PURPOSE OF TOOLS. production tools

flake tools

production tools are multiurpose tools used to produce core and flake tools.

sharp tools created by striking a flake off from a stone core.

scraper

anvil

A

C

types 1 Pebble anvil stained with ochre 2 Quartz anvil 3 Quartzite anvil

types

B

materials A. Quartzite B. Quartz C. Suevite 1

2

purpose Unifacial tools used for hideworking and woodworking.

materials

A

age Paleolithic Mesolithic (2.5mil~6000BC)

B C

materials A. Quartzite B. Chert Limestone C. Suevite

3

1

2

3

burins

A

age Paleolithic Mesolithic (2.5mil~6000BC)

B C

-

Neolithic

types

types 1 Hammerstone and Slab (Haematite Grinder) 2 Quartz Hammerstone 3 Quartzite Hammerstone

3

materials A. Quartzite B. Quartz C. Suevite

purpose Flake tool that is edge striked to create an engraving edge and a handheld round edge used for engraving or carving.

materials

A

age Paleolithic Mesolithic (2.5mil~6000BC)

B

-

C

types 1 Truncated Early Reduction Flake 2 Retouched Flake 3 Bipolar Flake

types

purpose Used as a hammer to produce handaxes and flake tools. It is also used to crush mineral ores and nuts or paired with an anvil (slab) to powderize haematite in burial rituals

materials

2

Neolithic

types 1 Early Reduction Flake Tool 2 Retouched Early Reduction Flake Tool 3 Retouched Quartzite Flake Tool

hammerstone

1

-

types

purpose Flat piece of hard stone such as quartzite where a core is rested to strike flakes. It can also be used for grinding minerals. age Paleolithic Mesolithic Neolithic (2.5mil~6000BC)

materials

materials A. Quartzite B. Chert Limestone C. Suevite 1

2

Neolithic

3

TING KAI LIN 1001746129

TYPES & PURPOSE OF TOOLS. core tools

palaeoadze

tools retouched from cores (stones where flakes were removed from knapping).

purpose Used for smoothing and carving in woodworking It is also used as a hoe for agriculture.

materials

chopper / pebble tool

A purpose Mutlipurpose tool for hacking, cutting, chopping, severing soft materials such as wood and meat.

materials

A

age Paleolithic Mesolithic (2.5mil~6000BC)

B C

types

B

-

Neolithic

2

Neolithic

types

materials A. Quartzite B. Quartz C. Chert Limestone

1

materials A. Quartzite B. Quartz C. Chert Limestone

-

types 1 Paleolithic Adze 2 Neolithic Adze

C

types 1 Perimeter Flaked Pebble 2 Chopper 3 Oval Bifacial Pebble

1

age Paleolithic Mesolithic (2.5mil~6000BC)

2

other tools found on site

3

refinement of materiality of tools used in later civilizations.

bronze celt

handaxe

A B

age Paleolithic Mesolithic (2.5mil~6000BC)

C

types 1 Handaxe Embedded in Suevite

types

materials A. Quartzite B. Quartz C. Suevite

1

-

Neolithic

purpose Mutipurpose tool for hacking, cutting, chopping, severing soft materials such as wood and meat.

materials

A B

age Paleolithic Mesolithic (2.5mil~6000BC)

C

types 1 Bronze Celt Piece and Clay Bivalve Mounds

-

Neolithic

materials A. Quartzite B. Quartz C. Suevite

types

purpose Mutipurpose bifacial tool used for cutting, skinning, scavenging or thrown as a weapon during hunting.

materials

1

TING KAI LIN 1001746129

SCALE

Anthropology between tools and prehistoric human, shapes and sizes of each stone tools varies but generally has similar characteristics for each period of time.

All scales are in 1:15 human figure to compared the scale and handling of each tools.

PRODUCTION TOOLS

FINISHED TOOLS

Hammerstone

Anvil and Slab

Core tools - chopper

Hand axe

2.33 million 1700

2.33 million 1700

2.33 million

1.83 million

Bificial Pebble tool

Flaked tools

Softhammer - wood and bone

homo eretus

homo sapiens

74,000

200,000 100,000

74,000

SEE THOO JUN HOE 1001645328

COMPARATIVE STONE TOOL ARTEFACT ANALYSIS

In order to have a in-depth analysis on how Hominids in the current site come from and its compared to different parts of the world.

Focuses on the shape and material of each tools. The represent here are tools specifically chosen relate the origin site.

OLDOWAN

As it is one of the oldest stone tool making techniques, most of it has similar spherical shape with little to no profile on the edge of the tool. it is used for very simple task as it is not sharp but it is heavy which can use for chopping, excavating and farming Core Tool Bukit Bunuh Malaysia

Core Tool Sulewesi, Talepu Indonesia

Core Tool Unspecified China

Unspecified Attirampakkam India

Core Tool Gona, Afar Ethiopia

Core Tool Kathu South Africa

Core Tool Rodafnidia Greece

ACHEULEAN

Hand Axe Kota Tampan Malaysia

Hand Axe Leang Burung Indonesia

Hand Axe Danjiangkou Reservoir Central China

Hand Axe Attirampakkam India

Hand Axe Gona, Afar Ethiopia

Hand Axe Kathu South Africa

Most countrys adopt the same way in making hand axes, even though lenggong valley has a rather rudimentary tool profile compared to other countries, they still manage to work efficiently and the tools are created to have the best durability against the tropical environment.

Hand Axe Haute Garonne France

MOUSTERIAN

The techniques of striking on the edge is still unchanged, but the improvement of tools can be found in all shapes and sizes. which has a more sharp pointy edge for used in hunting.

Flake Tool Bukit Bunuh Malaysia

closest

Flake Tool Sulewesi, Talepu Indonesia

Levallois Point Jinsitai Cave North China

Flake Tool Attirampakkam India

Flake Tool Bokol Dara Ethiopia

Still Bay Point Blombos Cave South Africa

Point Le Placard cave France

furthest

SEE THOO JUN HOE 1001645328

INDONESIA

PAKISTAN

ISRAEL

GEORGIA

SPAIN

Sangiran Paleolithic Site

Riwat Paleolithic Site

Ubeidiya Paleolithic Site

Dmanisi Paleolithic Site

Atapuerca Paleolithic Site

1.66 million

2 million

2.6 million 50,000

1.75 million

1.2 million 1.1 million

CHINA Yuanmou Basin Paleolithic Site

Zhoukoudian Paleolithic Site

1.7 million

780,000 680,00

PRESENCES

All these paleolithic sites suggests that hominids migrates one place to another or they have could influence each other in tool making due to adoption of similar techniques of tool production by the same species over the past millions of years.

SEE THOO JUN HOE 1001645328

FUTURE IMPLEMENTATION > Code

006

Tools used in the modern world

PROJECT

PROJECT

PROJECT

MAN MADE

BC-AD WHITE

BC-AD YELLOW

PAST + FUTURE

stone tool with 3d printed handle that match fit the profile of the stone flint, that allows the user that have a comfortable grip while using the tool itself. the idea is evokes a sense of the past human, while using contemporary way to give these tools a new meaning, the question is what happens when two timeline meet? and how does technologies from this era influence the stone tools in shape and from itself.

1 Sourcing stone in Negev Desert 2 Selection of stone flakes on site 3 Production stone tools byto using lithic reduction techniques

>

4 The flint tools are three-dimensionally scanned 5 3d printed handles that follows the profile of the tools 6 Assemble on top of the tool by compresssion the handle to create a tight fit

PROCESS OF NEW TOOL MAKING TECHNIQUES

SEE THOO JUN HOE 1001645328

LIFESTYLE > Code

007

Visual representation

end! from the team PRESENTATION SEQUENCE ALL TEAMMATES ARRANGING BY SEE THOO JUN HOE ALL WORK ARE CREDITED TO EVERY RESPECTED TEAMMATES, WRITTEN ON EACH PAGE OF THE RESEARCH LAYOUT DESIGN BY TING KAI LIN ASSEMBLE IN MALAYSIA THANK YOU FOR READING