Schray DArch Studio 740 Coursework

PORTFOLIO SCHRAY

SPRING 2017 STUDIO I

First Year Graduate Studio School of Architecture, University of Hawai’i at Manoa Instructor: Karla Sierralta, Assistant Professor

© 2017 All rights reserved. © of the works, Julia Schray. © of the texts, Julia Schray.

PORTFOLIO JULIA SCHRAY

INDEX Mapping Dwelling.......................................................................06 Hybrid Explorations.....................................................................10 Historic Precedents......................................................................14 Basic Inhabitable Unit.................................................................24

MAPPING DWELLING

CHARLES ATHERTON BUILDING, KITCHEN

This kitchen is on the Mauka wing of the historic building. The interior contains elements that are nearly all unnatural and with a lot of wear. There’s a feeling of depersonalization or rather absence of what one would imagine a shared space would embody. The more interesting aspect of this room is that it gives the feel that the walls are like ramparts. The windows are dim with heavy dirt and screens, and let in little light; Almost a feeling of isolation in such a public environment. The interest of the exterior viewed from the room is framed with pictures and textures one would see.

It is also a relatively large multi-purpose space, with tables to work or eat, and a television.

The utilization of the television is high frequency and may deter students from playing the piano, studying or sitting near the window with a cup of morning coffee.

A Painting a picture of the moment you see, is of a tenant cooking a 15 minute meal; The chaos of moving from one side of the kitchen to another - quickly to allow for the next user. Other people tried to just use the microwave or toaster oven but did not linger more than a few minutes. The circulation was horizontal aside a few exceptions, never to reach for anything just out of arms-length or a seat that was inconvenient.

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University of Hawai’i at Manoa, School of Architecture / Arch_740 Architecture Studio I / S17

A

A

Plan and section.

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Interior Perspective 1.

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University of Hawai’i at Manoa, School of Architecture / Arch_740 Architecture Studio I / S17

Interior Perspective 2.

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HYBRID EXPLORATIONS

AND TRANSLATIONS

The aim of this project is both analysis and synthesis, to translate abstract concepts in architecture. The process work origin was derived from a personal dwelling. Three elements that defined the space were as follows: The project is about framing view through different lenses.

The space is dividing, creating duality of the interior and exterior.

The frequency of the objects used demonstrates of the functionality of the space.

Geometric drawings and sketches were derived through points and lines using a compass. The construction of three sets of sketch models were based on the second element: duality. Each stick, chipboard and hybrid revealed that concept as well as understanding volumes, light, voids, and space. The final hybrid embraced both inclusion and enclosure by cutting through the plane in which the model was intended to sit.

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University of Hawai’i at Manoa, School of Architecture / Arch_740 Architecture Studio I / S17

Plan and section.

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University of Hawai’i at Manoa, School of Architecture / Arch_740 Architecture of Hawai’i Studio at Manoa, I / S17 School of Architecture / Arch_740 Architecture Studio I / S17 12 University

01 Intersectionality 02 equilateral triangles to form a box 03 occlusion shadows

04 representation of space and objects through lines 05 duality 06 final model: enclosure

The final model to the right demonstrates both interior and exterior while disguising both through the cutting plane.

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HISTORICAL PRECENDENT

“HARDGLAS”, ARCHITECT: JAN BENTHEM (BENTHEM CROUWEL ARCHITECTS), 1982

Built for a competition called “Unusual Homes” in the Netherlands, this project began as an experimental, temporary home. The property (it still resides to this day) was 450m2 and intended to be rent-free for only 5 years. The project was so successful that it was expanded on and occupied by Jan Benthem, the primary architect. He designed a modular, light weight, single-story structure that could be easily dismantled by the owner. Its program included a large living room, kitchen, bathroom and bedroom.

The living area is enclosed in glass 12mm thick. The freestanding structure sits on six concrete pads, has an intricate system that supports the floor, and two tension cables that hold the steel roof in place.

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University of Hawai’i at Manoa, School of Architecture / Arch_740 Architecture Studio I / S17

DE FANTASIE COMPETITION: BUILD WITHOUT REGULATION CONSTRAINTS, EASILY DISMANTLED, ENCOURGED TO BUILD AN UNSUAL HOME CONSTRUCTION/DESIGN: (2) TWO STEEL TENSION CABLES SECURE STEEL ROOF LIGHTWEIGHT EXTERIOR GLAZING RECYCLABLE MATERIALS: GLASS, STEEL, CONCRETE SLABS PROGRAM: (2) TWO BEDROOMS, LARGE LIVING ROOM, KITCHEN AND BATHROOM

Public/Private designation 15

SOUTH ELEVATION

SECTION BB

ALMERE HOUSE

ALMERE HOUSE

WEST ELEVATION

SECTION AA

ALMERE HOUSE

ALMERE HOUSE

Plan, Elevations, Sections edited. Images NTS 16

University of Hawai’i at Manoa, School of Architecture / Arch_740 Architecture Studio I / S17

SOUTH ELEVATION

ALMERE HOUSE

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Plan, Elevations, Sections edited. Images NTS 18

University of Hawai’i at Manoa, School of Architecture / Arch_740 Architecture Studio I / S17

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Digital Model. Perspective.

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University of Hawai’i at Manoa, School of Architecture / Arch_740 Architecture Studio I / S17

Image 01: Physical Model. 1/4” : 1’-0” Image 02: Exploded Perspective.

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Exterior Perspectives. NTS

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University of Hawai’i at Manoa, School of Architecture / Arch_740 Architecture Studio I / S17

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BASIC INHABITABLE UNIT

MÜLLER-LYER HOUSE

PROVOKING. PERMEABLE. PROPORTIONAL. Franz Müller-Lyer was a German sociologist that explored the idea of “social individualism” that inspired Walter Gropius’s housing projects. It embraced engagement with one’s neighbor through on-site activities and circulation. It’s now commonplace to see amenities in apartments, condos or in communities. To redirect the lens to a much smaller scope, what does it mean between two households on the same property? Does permeability lend itself to re-embrace the people and nature?

A “Basic Inhabitable Unit” breaks down to the needs of its inhabitants and the implications, thereof. Spatial relationships between users and program have to be efficient in compact spaces. Math has been utilized in all architectural projects but this one focus on the Euclidean volume and surfaces. Theo Van Doesburg wrote about the “anti-cubic” or formless nature of modern design. It is not about enclosure but expanding into its environment. Light and space are intrinsic. This form that plays on these ideas is based on Fibonacci’s sequence or the golden ratio.

Bringing this rigid form with a different language into a traditional environment has become transitional through sight lines. The roof juts out as if it was apart of the primary residence. The materials are durable, cost effective, and innovative.

One includes lava-crete. The interior walls are polycarbonate panels, allowing for natural light to replace the need for extensive artificial light. A small pool is along the longest wall in the living space, as it would gather the rainwater and act as a reflective surface. The darkest and most sheltered nodes are the private spaces: the bathroom and bedroom. This project invokes and evokes, as much as it changes sensations. An example is the entrance doesn’t have a formal door, however, there’s a narrow opening. Finally, the intention is that the rooms open to the sky are for the user’s own ingenuity to customize. Direct light can be difficult to live under during the day, so they may add a canvas sail or pergola to diffuse the seating areas.

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University of Hawai’i at Manoa, School of Architecture / Arch_740 Architecture Studio I / S17

Site: 1728 Ahu’ula Street Honolulu HI, R-5, 5000 sf lot, near (future) rail stop 25

Forecast: Paradise Paved, Collage 26

University of Hawai’i at Manoa, School of Architecture / Arch_740 Architecture Studio I / S17

LOCAL ISSUES IN REVIEW CITY POLICIES, REGULATIONS AND BUILDING CODES FOR THE HAWAIIAN ISLANDS

Hawaii regulates their building codes in the (5) five different counties. An example is Honolulu Planning Dept and Permitting, handle code, revisions, and land use/zoning. The cultural and environmental landscape of the counties are distinct enough to function well separately. In other words, temporary structures need to be addressed with stricter regulations in city to prevent an abundance of transient collectives. The cost of living directly affects issues like this, however, when are there too many regulations? Construction cost more in Hawaii than any other state and the planning departments are taking up 6 months to process one project. This puts an unnecessary stress for developers, architects, engineers, and anyone in the field trying to afford to complete a project on budget and on time.

LAND USE IN HAWAII

Hawaii has some of the most complicated and “restrictive” regulations in the country.

Hawaiians and the protection of the environment has been a major pitfall for developers. However, after an over-night appearance of the US government and military, and eco-tourism, Hawaii is not what it was 150 years ago.

Land use is primary driven by the watershed, then the new divides made in the late 1800’s by the US government. Re-zoning for changes in population and industry has been an issue for many because so much of Hawaii is agricultural land,conservation, or state/military. This includes what would be primary locations for resorts or something like it that would bring more income to Hawaii.

TOPOGRAPHY OF THE ISLANDS: HOW THE ELEMENTS AND PEOPLE CHANGE

The landscape is more than a history of a shield volcano, its the people who colonized it and maintained the balance of life. Hawaiians have left the majority of the topography unscathed. As the islands’ population grows at a rapid rate, we have to remember yesterday to build for a better tomorrow.

Originally Hawaii was divided by districts and the “ahupua’a” was more-or-less a parcel ranging from the volcano to the ocean along a waterway. The ahupua’a acts a watershed and small ecosystem. Hawaiian believed that this connection would create balance. Some of that is still part of the urban culture. Resource zones may have actually been designated accordingly by the planning dept. Much of the island of Hawaii is still subject to the environment - being susceptible to tsunamis and the active volcano (vog/lava). Kauai is an example of erosion and Oahu has a rather unique topography, notably Kokohead and Diamondhead.

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LEGALITY AND ISOLATION What does the Hawai’i Ordinance 15-41 for the Accessory Dwelling Unit mean for change?

The islands of Hawai’i are some of the most isolated in the world. Our United States government implemented laws have that created constraints on imports and travel, making the land value increase. Primarily, Oahu is the hub of business and industry, which further increases the cost of living. Unpermitted units have been built to help accommodate family sizes and income. The new ordinance would allow more freedom to build legally and assist homeowner by making them stakeholders.

Cost is still a prevalent factor in building, as is the footprint.

The unit must be a reasonable value and investment.

MANMADE AHUPUA’A

WHAT IF THE BASIC INHABITABLE UNIT WAS FRAMED BY THE CHANGING LANDSCAPE?

CONSIDERATIONS Projected population by 2040 for the state of Hawai’i: 1.7 million Density: spatial relationships of people and structures Codes and regulations: transitioning illegal rental units Green space: exchange ecology for economy Typology of the Oahu dwelling: tradition and innovation Affordability: cost to renter and income as a stakeholder Historical precedent: ahupua’a Zoning: state/military, agriculture, and conservation land Directions on site: mauka/makai, ewa/diamondhead, windward/leeward Existing conditions of site: preservation of topography, excavation and grading

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University of Hawai’i at Manoa, School of Architecture / Arch_740 Architecture Studio I / S17

LIFESPAN

WHAT IF THE BASIC INHABITABLE UNIT WAS THE DICHOTOMY OF LIFETIME PERMANENCY AND EPHEMERALITY?

MANMADE AHUPUA’A

WHAT IF THE BASIC INHABITABLE UNIT WAS FRAMED BY THE CHANGING LANDSCAPE?

As the seas rise and the coastal region is built up, the 100-year flood plain will need mitigation. A discussion for planners, engineers and architects alike, the housing market will change. People who still live in single or multifamily homes will deal with the costs of expensive land and higher populations. The estimated 1.7 million residents by 2040 in the state of Hawaii will also change infrastructure and resources. Those looking to supplement their income may in fact not build new homes but renovate and add to theirs. Most of the islands are zoned for state/military, conservation land and agriculture. On the Island of Hawaii, the department of planning is already discussing how they can amend zoning to keep parcels larger.

Oahu residents will and already have been building up to the edge of the conservation and state areas. This could create an opportunity to build with the archipelago’s topography and re-embrace the ahupua’a as concept in the structure itself.

LIFESPAN

WHAT IF THE BASIC INHABITABLE UNIT WAS THE DICHOTOMY OF LIFETIME PERMANENCY AND EPHEMERALITY?

If a building has lasted the span of our life, knowing it will be eventually destroyed, proposes a question. Is that structure permanent because we will not know any different or should we consider everything just ephemeral. What if the span of a lifetime directly related to the life of your building?

What should be a product of these two almost opposing ideas? Should a structure reflect the temporary aspects of wood or another decomposing natural material? If everything will eventually result in one of four futures (continual growth, transformative, disciplined, collapse), how is that relate to the dwelling? Perhaps lava can play a role.

THE NEW NEW DEAL 2040

WHAT IF THE BASIC INHABITABLE UNIT WAS A PRODUCT OF CODES AND REGULATIONS DICTATING ALL ASPECTS OF DESIGN?

Based on the Housing Act of 1934, a failure in federal housing and the depression, FD Roosevelt wanted to make mortgages affordable. Nearly 100 years later, the Hawaii Ordinance 15-41 signed in 2015 was to alleviate housing shortage and create affordable rental units. The “accessory dwelling unit” is a kitchen, bedroom and bathroom at the least. There may be long-term implications for accommodating lower income individuals and higher population.

What does that mean for design? If cost and time were the prevailing factors, one would look back on history to find repetitive and unimaginative units/dwellings to augment the bigger issues. Grid systems would allow for efficiency and the limitations of regulations would be apparent. Height, color, orientation, setbacks, manufacturing standards, parking allocation, LEED/green, etc. - all of it, optimum to build in a modular fashion.

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CONCEPTS TO DEFINE PARAMETERS invoke. Propose.

01_ How can one implement in a structure both the Fibonacci’s sequence for proportions and differential geometry to create a (continuous) parametric surface as the building envelope?

02_ What are the relationships between perpendicular planes that a corner cannot resolve?

03_ What are the ideal figurations and formal relations in architecture? Human, animal, Le Corbusier’s The Modular?

04_ Can one overlap 2-dimensional curvilinear languages such as the pictorial golden-ratio and a projected organic form? Is that a true comparative? Is the comparison only useful in a 3-dimensional form or volume?

05_ Fibonacci’s principles are based on the metric system not imperial system of measurement, therefore 1 ft ≠ 1 m. Can 1 ft not apply to 1:Φ:Φ2 or (rectangular parallelepipeds Φd(d−1)/2) as 1 is a single unit, not 1 ft or 1m? Can Phi Φ (1.618) replace 1 (if 1 is height of the volume) and what does that do to the form?

06_ Is the Fibonacci’s sequence an introduction to a more appropriate mathematical application such as Dynamic Symmetry or Asymmetry? Meaning a series of equations that take into consideration more than primitive recursion.

07_ Are proportions pertinent when most products for buildings are manufactured?

08_ Should one consider scale and proportion more or less in as small habitation?

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University of Hawai’i at Manoa, School of Architecture / Arch_740 Architecture Studio I / S17

01 Curvilinear Line 02 Rectangular Parallelepide 03 Euclidean Space

03 Second Fundamental Form 04 Developed exterior surfaces

THE HOMOGENEOUS SPACE TRANSLATED The shape of structure is not the condition. The (exterior) surface can be altered to re-imagine volume and space, depth and flatness, and contours to blur planes.

Form is then introduced an incomplete enclosure of parametric surface(s) as the building envelope. What are the mathematical applications for this design?

The flat ground plane serves as a proposal of an idea, however, must work with site in its existing condition. Topography is by default irregular, undulating, and dynamic. How does the site, without grading, act on the structure?

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USERS AS VARIABLES Typical projected behaviors: room use is determined by time of day, activities include use of kitchen morning, noon and night. Bathroom and storage (closet) use highest in morning and evening. Congregation in circulation and public spaces.

Work schedule for individual increases activity at beginning of day and end. Visitors change schedule of occupants. Variables include season and activity in exposed places.

USERS USING

Bubble Diagrams of Programming

Time of day: every activity has the variable “night” Frequency: Kitchen used the most, bathroom, living room and bedrooms used the least Duration: Most time spent sleeping/in bedroom

Left to Right: Time of Day, Frequency, Duration

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University of Hawai’i at Manoa, School of Architecture / Arch_740 Architecture Studio I / S17

EXPERIENCE VOLUME The two volumes have different light conditions. A high exposure of natural light in public spaces, the living room and kitchen. Diffused light in bedroom(s) and bathroom. Circulation is an overlap of forms which may result in concentrated beams of light.

Height will transform the nodes within the homogeneous space. The program is a product of outside elements that act on the structure. The sound of the street or neighbor will resonate, as will the rain and wind that infiltrates the porous masses.

The folds of the walls create form and begin to weave, making varying volumes.

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University of Hawai’i at Manoa, School of Architecture / Arch_740 Architecture Studio I / S17

one horizontal, one vertical

UH Manoa School of Architecture Spring 2017 Sierralta

two parallel

two intertwined

rotated

rotated 2

Tranformed Surfaces Basic Inhabitable Unit

original form

NTS for 1/8� = 1-0’ sketch models Julia Schray

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Diagram: Experimenting with different orientations of two surfaces 35

B

A

A

B

B

PROPOSED INTERIOR UH Manoa School of Architecture Spring 2017 Sierralta

B

Drawings LONGITUDINALConcept ELEVATIONS Basic Inhabitable Unit

Concept Drawings

UH Manoa School of Architecture Spring 2017 Sierralta

1/8” : 1-0’ Julia Schray

Basic Inhabitable Unit

SECTION AA

1/8” : 1-0’ Julia Schray

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02

A

A

B

UH Manoa School of Architecture Spring 2017 Sierralta

ROOF AND FLOOR PLAN

A

A

SECTION BB Concept Drawings Basic Inhabitable Unit

1/8” : 1-0’ Julia Schray

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B

PROPOSED INTERIOR UH Manoa School of Architecture Spring 2017 Sierralta

Section Iteration: Plan, Elevations, Sections edited. Images NTS 36

University of Hawai’i at Manoa, School of Architecture / Arch_740 Architecture Studio I / S17

ROOF AND FLO Concept Drawings Basic Inhabitable Unit

Initial render of living room and water feature and initial render of kitchen facing built in refrigerator and polycarbonate wall 37

Light studies. Models interations 2 + 3. Images NTS 38

University of Hawai’i at Manoa, School of Architecture / Arch_740 Architecture Studio I / S17

MAUKA COOL AIR

HEAT GAIN DISSAPATION

Sun study and “Passive cooling” approach to design for thermal comfort 39

Top, Left to Right: Section AA, East Elevation, South Elevation. Bottom: Section BB, West Elevation, North Elevation. NTS

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University of Hawai’i at Manoa, School of Architecture / Arch_740 Architecture Studio I / S17

D A B

C

Left to Right: Roof Plan, Site Plan, First Floor Plan. NTS

A B C D

Bathroom Kitchen Living room Bedroom

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PRIVATE PUBLIC

INDIRECT SUNLIGHT SHADED DIRECT SUNLIGHT

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University of Hawai’i at Manoa, School of Architecture / Arch_740 Architecture of Hawai’i Studio at Manoa, I / S17 School of Architecture / Arch_740 Architecture Studio I / S17 44 University

MÜLLER-LYER HOUSE IN REVIEW FINAL ITERATION DESIGN CONCEPTS: 01_ Franz Muller-Lyer’s “Social Individualistic Man” or New Man 02_ Fibinacci Sequence and Golden-Ratio for proportions 03_Theo Van Doesburg: New architecture: “anti-cubic” and “functional space-cells” Surfaces as enclosures without createing Euclidean volumes ADDRESSING CONCEPTS: 01_Muller-Lyer, socialization through neighbors and sound, and nature 03_Surfaces: the most “enclosed” spaces are the most private, for both sense of security and protection from weather for health

Left page: Diagrams Private/Public, Light/Shade, Circulation 45

View from entrance 46

University of Hawai’i at Manoa, School of Architecture / Arch_740 Architecture Studio I / S17

View in to halls and kitchen 47

View into both living room and kitchen 48

University of Hawai’i at Manoa, School of Architecture / Arch_740 Architecture Studio I / S17

View of bedroom from bathroom 49

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University of Hawai’i at Manoa, School of Architecture / Arch_740 Architecture Studio I / S17

View from sofa towards water feature 51