Portfolio_Water Engineering_J.Morales_en

MSc. Janeth Elizabeth Morales Escalante

E-mail: janethmorales13@gmail.com

1

1.

2.

3.

2

Introduction Qualifications and skills Portfolio ❖ Circular Economy (Brine Valorization from Hydrothermal Gasification) • Research project: Nutrient (phosphorus) recovery ❖ Water Engineering • Research project: Industrial Water Reuse in a Power Plant • Costing - Budget /Plan/ Simulation • AutoCAD • MS Project

2

Source 1 3

Introduction

Qualifications and Skills

Circular Economy

1.1 Personal Information • Name: Janeth Elizabeth Morales Escalante Nationality: • Date of birth: 13/06/1991 (32 years old) Current address:

Water Engineering Portfolio

Peruvian Lima, Perú

1.2 Education • 2020-2023 MSc. in Water, Energy and Sustainable Management at RWTH Aachen University (Germany) with an exchange semester of Energy Engineering at Politecnico di Milano (Italy) • 2019 Certification in Leadership and High-Performance Teams at Maastricht School of Management (The Netherlands) • 2008-2013 BSc. in Chemical Engineering at the National University of Engineering (Perú) 1.3 Work experience • 2024 Lecturer - Revalorization of effluents and by-products in a context of Circular Economy • 2023 (Academic) Energy Engineering projects (Italy) • 2022 Master Thesis project at RWTH Aachen University (Germany) • 2021 – 2022 Trainee - Institute of Ecopreneurship at FHNW (Switzerland) • 2018 – 2020 International volunteer at Aktion Sodis e.V (Germany) • 2014 Bachelor Thesis project at National University of Engineering (Perú) • 2012 – 2018 Position: Consultant, Supervisor and Junior Project Engineer in water/wastewater treatment in power plants, bottled water industry, etc. (Perú)

4

4

Introduction

Qualifications and Skills

Circular Economy

Water Engineering Portfolio

Application Engineer (Perú) + Researcher (Perú)

BSc. in Chemical Engineering (Perú)

2013

2008

2014

2015

Trainee as Chemical Analyst (Perú)

5

2016

MSc. in Water, Energy and Sustainable Management (Germany)

Quality Control Supervisor (Perú)

2017

Junior Project Engineer (Perú)

2018

2019

2020

International Volunteer (Germany)

2021

2022

Trainee (Switzerland)

2023

Exchange (Italy)

2024

Lecturer (Peru)

5

Source 2 6

Introduction

3.1 Qualifications and skills •

Water Engineering

Interdisciplinary Background •

•

Writing skills

•

•

7

Energy Engineering

Qualifications and Skills

Circular Economy

Water Engineering Portfolio

• • • •

Flood Risk Management Geographic Information Systems Sanitary Engineering for Developing Countries Water/Wastewater Treatment and Water Supply

• • • • •

Fundamentals of Energy Technologies Solar Thermal Process Engineering Energy Storage Technologies Energy Management Engineering and Cooperation for electrification with mini-grid)

Development

(Rural

Master (Topic: Resources recovery) and Bachelor Thesis (Topic: Wastewater treatment and reuse) Writing of engineering reports at RWTH (1) Economic evaluations with annuities of power plants, solar collectors and energy storage systems with renewable energies and 2) Energy model of a hybrid mini-grid in a rural village in Tanzania under the Project Cycle Management approach of the EU guidelines and Energy Planning for Integrated Solutions Rapporteur team member in the Water Management newsletter at the World Youth Parliament for Water.

7

Introduction

3.1 Qualifications and skills

•

Data Management and analytical skills

• • •

Geographic Information Systems and programming skills

•

Project Management skills

•

• 8

Qualifications and Skills

Circular Economy

Water Engineering Portfolio

Data Processing (MS Excel with statistics – Four Parameter Logistic Model) Data Visualization (Power BI) Course: Data Science for OpenWASHdata with GitHub at Global Health Engineering Faculty of ETH Zurich Analytical mindset: Draw conclusions based on data or evidence.

• • •

QGIS (Advanced, in progress until May 2024) Python and R (in progress until July 2024) Others: AutoCAD (Intermediate)

Solid knowledge of Project Cycle Management (European Commission guidelines) and use of software (MS Project, Slack, Trello, Doodle, Google Calendar) Certification of Project Management for Development from InterAmerican Development Bank Scheduling and planning skills 8

Introduction

Qualifications and Skills

Circular Economy

Water Engineering Portfolio

3.1 Qualifications and skills Engineering skills

Language skills

Others

• • • •

9

•

Track record of 6 years of work experience providing engineering and consulting services in the water/energy/sustainability sector and 3 years of training in Germany:

• • •

Spanish (Native) English (Advanced, C1) German (Intermediate, B1)

Two scientific articles (Topic:Water treatment, in progress - 2024) Methodological and structured work in interdisciplinary and multicultural teams.

Winner of the National Environmental Award "Antonio Brack Egg" in the category of Junior Environmental Researcher of the Peruvian Ministry of Environment.

Speaker in international conferences in Latin America to present research results.

9

Introduction

Qualifications and Skills

Circular Economy

Interdisciplinary Background HARD SKILLS

1 0

Data Management and analytical skills Writing skills

Geographic Information Systems and programming skills Complementary skills

SOFT SKILLS

Water Engineering Portfolio

Wellorganized Goaloriented

Project Management skills

Team work Intercultural skills

Problem solving

Perseverant

Selfmotivated

Decisiveness

Collaborative

Listening skills

Resilient

Determination during challenges

10

Source 3

11

Introduction

Qualifications and Skills

Circular Economy

Water Engineering Portfolio

BACKGROUND

❖ Importance of P ❖ Availability of P ❖ Necessity to recycle and recover P ENVIRONMENTAL LEGISLATION FOR THE RECOVERY OF P FROM SEWAGE SLUDGE (SWITZERLAND & GERMANY)

❖ Heavy metals (Pb, Cd, Cu, Ni, Hg, Zn, As, Cr and Tl) ❖ Organic chemical compounds ❖ Total Organic Carbon (TOC)

• Chemical Risk Reduction Ordinance (ORRChem 2005) • Fertilizer Ordinance (DüMV 2012) • Sewage Sludge Ordinance (AbfKläRV 2017)

• Ordinance on the Avoidance and the Disposal of Waste (2015) Legal limit values for mineral recycled fertilizers (Switzerland) and the direct agricultural use of sewage sludge (Germany).

1 2

12

Introduction

Qualifications and Skills

Circular Economy

Water Engineering Portfolio

OBJECTIVES To demonstrate the technical feasibility of P recovery from the solid waste of catalytic hydrothermal gasification by the process train (chemical leaching, nanofiltration and struvite precipitation).

Specific objectives: • Analyse the influence of operational parameters in process train (chemical leaching, nanofiltration and struvite precipitation).

Acid Leaching

• pH: 6, 4, 2.5, 1, 0.5 <0.5

Nanofiltration

❖ At different raw material • AMS 3014 • NP030 ❖ At different L/S ratio ❖ At different temperature • KH ❖ At different scale

❖ Pressure test ❖ Recovery test

Struvite Precipitation • Mg: P ratio 1, 1.3, 1.6, 2 • pH 8, 9, 10

❖ Elemental retention ❖ Permeate Flux

• Scale up the acid leaching from laboratory to bench scale.

• Determine the suitable membrane in the nanofiltration.

• Compare the elemental characterization of the Brine and Deposit with the Swiss environmental legislation.

13

13

Introduction

Qualifications and Skills

Water Engineering Portfolio

Circular Economy

Environmental legislation for the recovery of P from secondary sources (Switzerland & Germany) Table 1. Legal limit values for mineral recycled fertilizers (Switzerland) and the direct agricultural use of sewage sludge (Germany).

Parameter Lead (Pb) Cadmium (Cd) Copper (Cu) Nickel (Ni) Mercury (Hg) Zinc (Zn) Arsenic (As) Chromium (Cr) Talium (Tl)

Switzerland (*) mg/Kg P 500 25 3000 500 2 10000 100 1000 -

Germany mg/Kg Dry matter 150 (**) 1.5 (50 mg/Kg P2O5) (**) 80 (**) 1 (**) 4000 (***) 40 (**) 1 (**)

References: • Chemical Risk Reduction Ordinance (ORRChem 2005) • Fertilizer Ordinance (DüMV 2012) • Sewage Sludge Ordinance (AbfKläRV 2017) Table 2. Legal limit values of TOC for mineral recycled fertilizers (Switzerland) Total Organic Carbon

Unit mg/Kg dry matter

Type D

Type E

20 000

50 000

Reference: • Ordinance on the Avoidance and the Disposal of Waste (2015) 1 4

14

Introduction

Qualifications and Skills

Water Engineering Portfolio

Circular Economy

Catalytic hydrothermal gasification: the TreaTech process Figure: TreaTech's catalytic hydrothermal gasification process

Salt separator

E-2

Sewage sludge (digested) from WWTP

E-3

HTG T=400 ºC

E-4

Sewage sludge (digested) from WWTP

I-1

CO2 P-1

solid waste "Brine" and "Deposit

1 5

Sulfur removal T=400 ºC

gas outlet

Synthetic gas (H2, CO) Phase E-5 separator Process water

15

Introduction

Qualifications and Skills

Circular Economy

Water Engineering Portfolio

METHODOLOGY Figure: Diagram of the phosphorus recovery process VALORIZATION

PRE-PURIFICATION NaOH

H2SO4

MgSO4

NH4Cl

Pre-purified P stream solid waste "Brine" and Deposit

Liquid phase

Leachate

Acid leaching

Time: 20 min 500 rpm

Solid/Liquid separation

model solution (similar Nanofiltration characterization) AMS 3014, NP030 and KH

Struvite precipitation 300 rpm

H2O

Solid phase 1 6

P in the precipitate

washed solid

Washing

16

Introduction

Qualifications and Skills

Circular Economy

Water Engineering Portfolio

• P is exclusively present in the solid phase in both samples.

• Brine has 7% P, Deposit has 6% P in the solid phase.

• Higher concentration of the elements in both samples: Fe (13-14%), Al (2%) and Ca (11-13%).

• Higher concentration of Ni (8%) and Cr (2%) in the Deposit.

Concentration (%)

ELEMENTAL CHARACTERIZATION Figure. Elemental characterization of the raw material (solid).

OF RAW MATERIAL 16 14 12 10 8 6 4 2 0 P Fe Al Ca S Mg Na K Pb Cd Cu Ni Zn Cr Brine

Deposit

Table: Elemental characterization of the Gasification residue (Literature)

17

17

Introduction

Qualifications and Skills

Circular Economy

Water Engineering Portfolio

ELEMENTAL CHARACTERIZATION OF RAW MATERIAL Table: Elemental characterization in the solid and liquid phase of the Brine (in %)

Table: Elemental characterization in the solid and liquid phase of the Deposit (in %)

Figure. Elemental distribution in the phases of the Brine Figure. Elemental distribution in the phases of the Deposit

18

18

Introduction

Qualifications and Skills

Circular Economy

Water Engineering Portfolio

CHARACTERIZATION OF RAW MATERIAL Table: Water content and density of raw materials Brine and Deposit

Parameter Water content Density

Unit % g/ml

Brine 73.58% 1.172

Deposit 54.72% 1.387

Table: Comparison of the minor elements in Brine and Deposit with the environmental legislation (ORRChem)

Brine Deposit ORRChem

Pb 238.3 121.8 500

Cd 16.4 8.7 25

Minor elements (mg/Kg P) Cu Ni 41.1 97599.5 104.4 1345555.9 3000 500

Zn 74.0 26.1 10000

Cr 1939.6 329524.9 1000

• High concentration of Ni and Cr ⇾ Possible contamination from the Inconel in the salt separator.

19

19

Introduction

Qualifications and Skills

Circular Economy

Water Engineering Portfolio

ACID LEACHING RESULTS A) At different raw materials: Brine and Deposit • Brine: P and Fe starts at pH 4-5 • Al starts at pH 4, Ca is the lowest.

• pH < 0.5 (the order of leaching): P > Fe > Al > Ca • P leaching =117% (>90%) Figure: Element leaching vs. pH in Brine (L/S=4)

2 0

• • • •

Deposit: P and Fe starts at pH 5 Al starts at pH 4, Ca is the lowest.

0 < pH < 4 (the order of leaching): P > Fe > Al > Ca P leaching = 81% (<90%) Figure: Element leaching vs. pH in Deposit (L/S=4)

20

Introduction

Qualifications and Skills

Circular Economy

Water Engineering Portfolio

ACID LEACHING RESULTS B) At different liquid - solid ratios

• Similar pattern at different liquid to solid ratios.

• P leaching starts at pH between 5 and 6.

• Highest leaching values at pH 3 and 4: 106% and 102% respectively.

2 1

Figure 3.4: Cluster of P leaching curves at different liquid to solid ratios

21

Introduction

Qualifications and Skills

Circular Economy

Water Engineering Portfolio

ACID LEACHING RESULTS C) At different temperatures: 25, 50 and 80°C

Figure: Cluster of P leaching curves at different liquid to solid ratios

• Similar pattern at room temperature and 50°C. • pH <0.5: P leaching at room temperature (117%), 50°C (104%) and 80°C (85%).

2 2

22

Introduction

Qualifications and Skills

Circular Economy

Water Engineering Portfolio

ACID LEACHING RESULTS

• Deposit: P and Fe starts at pH between 5 and 6 (bench scale) • Al starts at pH 4, Ca is the lowest.

• P leaching starts at pH between 5 and 6 (bench scale). • 0 < pH < 3 (the order of leaching): P > Fe > Al > Ca • Similar pattern at lab and bench scale (Deposit) • P leaching = 85% (<90%) D) At different scales (laboratory and bench)

Figure: Cluster of P leaching curves at different liquid to solid ratios

2 3

Figure: Cluster of P leaching curves at different liquid to solid ratios

23

Introduction

Qualifications and Skills

Circular Economy

Water Engineering Portfolio

ACID LEACHING RESULTS G) Mass Balance Figure: Mass Balance of elements (P, Fe, Al, Ca and TOC) in leaching (bench scale) Sulfuric Acid 98%

Feed

Stream P Fe Al Ca TOC

FEED Solid phase Liquid phase 915 4117 53 0 117 0 14 0 102 0 0.00 0.14

ACID LEACHING

Leachate + Loss

Stream P Fe Al Ca TOC

LEACHATE Solid phase Liquid phase 698 3142 9 36 30 79 5 4 80 2 0.00 0.22

Stream P Fe Al Ca TOC

LOSS Solid phase Liquid phase 217 975 3 11 9 24 2 1 25 1 0.00 0.07

P recovery = 68.2% 24

24

Introduction

Qualifications and Skills

NANOFILTRATION RESULTS

Circular Economy

Water Engineering Portfolio

Figure: Comparison of the three membranes

A) Selectivity • Low percentage retention of P: 73% • High percentage retention of contaminants (Fe, Al and Ca): 100% • Low concentration of Ca: 534 mg/L • Regular permeate flux: 19 L.m-2.h-1 Table: Average results using the KH membrane (mg/L)

MODEL SOLUTION PREPARATION

Figure: Elemental Characterization - Model solution

Table 3.5: Elemental Characterization - Model solution (mg/L)

2 5

25

2 6 0

0.2

0

1.2

1

pH=8

0.8

1

0.8

0.6

0.6

0.4

0.4

0.2

Mg:P=1 PH=9

efficiency Precipitation (%) (%) efficiency Precipitation

pH=8

0 0.2

0 pH=8

pH=10 pH=9

1 1.2

pH=10

0.6 0.8

0.4 0.6

0.2 0.4

0.4

0.4

0.2

pH=8

1.2

1

0.8

0.2

0

pH=8

1

0.8

0.6

0.6

0.4

0.4

0.2

0

0.0

%Al 1.2

0 0.2

0

0.8 1

%Ca

pH=10

1 1.2 pH=9 %Ca pH=8 pH=10 pH=9

pH=9 pH=8

pH=10 pH=9

26

Mg:P=2.0 Mg:P=2.0 PH=9 PH=9

%Fe

Mg:P=1.6 Mg:P=1.6 Mg:P=2.0 PH=9 PH=9Mg:P=2.0 PH=10 PH=10

Mg:P=1.3 Mg:P=1.3 Mg:P=1.6 PH=9 PH=9Mg:P=1.6 PH=10 PH=10

Mg:P=1Mg:P=1 Mg:P=1.3 Mg:P=1.3 PH=9 PH=9 PH=10 PH=10

Mg:P=2.0 Mg:P=2.0 Mg:P=1 Mg:P=1 PH=8 PH=10PH=8 PH=10

Mg:P=1.6 Mg:P=1.6 Mg:P=2.0 Mg:P=2.0 PH=8 PH=9 PH=8 PH=9

Mg:P=1.3 Mg:P=1.3 Mg:P=1.6 Mg:P=1.6 PH=8 PH=9 PH=8 PH=9

Mg:P=1Mg:P=1 Mg:P=1.3 Mg:P=1.3 PH=8 PH=8 PH=9 PH=9

0.2 0.0

%Fe

2.0Mg:P=2.0

0.6

Mg:P=1Mg:P=1 PH=9 PH=9

Figure: Precipitation efficiency of P, Fe, Al and Ca (pH)

1.6Mg:P=1.6 PH=9 9 Mg:P=2.0 PH=10

0.6

pH=8

1.3Mg:P=1.3 PH=9 9 Mg:P=1.6 PH=10

0.8

efficiency Precipitation (%) (%) efficiency Precipitation

0.8

pH=9

pH=8

=1 Mg:P=1 PH=9 9 Mg:P=1.3 PH=10

1.0

1.2 1.0

2.0Mg:P=2.0 PH=8 8 Mg:P=1 PH=10

pH=10

pH=9

1.6Mg:P=1.6 PH=8 8 Mg:P=2.0 PH=9

0.2 0.0

Mg:P=2.0 Mg:P=2.0 PH=8 PH=8

pH=8

1.3Mg:P=1.3 PH=8 8 Mg:P=1.6 PH=9

1.2

1.2

=1 Mg:P=1 PH=8 8 Mg:P=1.3 PH=9

0.0

pH=8

efficiency Precipitation (%) (%) efficiency Precipitation

0.2 0

Mg:P=1.6 Mg:P=1.6 PH=8 PH=8

1.2

Mg:P=1 PH=9

0.4 0.2

Mg:P=2.0 PH=8

0.6 0.4

Mg:P=1.6 PH=8

0.8 0.6

1.0

Mg:P=1.3 Mg:P=1.3 PH=8 PH=8

1.2

Mg:P=1.3 PH=8

pH=10

Mg:P=1Mg:P=1 PH=8 PH=8

Circular Economy

Mg:P=1 PH=8

1 0.8

(%)(%) efficiency Precipitation efficiency Precipitation

Mg:P=2.0 Mg:P=2.0 PH=10 PH=10

pH=10

(%) (%) efficiency Precipitation efficiency Precipitation

pH=10 %Al pH=9

Mg:P=1.6 Mg:P=1.6 PH=10 PH=10

pH=9

Mg:P=1.3 Mg:P=1.3 PH=10 PH=10

Mg:P=1Mg:P=1 PH=10 PH=10

Mg:P=2.0 Mg:P=2.0 PH=9 PH=9

%P

=2.0Mg:P=2.0 10 PH=10

pH=8

Qualifications and Skills

=1.6Mg:P=1.6 10 PH=10

%Al

pH=9

=1.3Mg:P=1.3 10 PH=10

pH=9

pH=10

P=1 Mg:P=1 =10 PH=10

pH=9 %Al

pH=10

=2.0Mg:P=2.0 PH=9 9

%P STRUVITE PRECIPITATION RESULTS%P %P 1.2

.0 Mg:P=1.6 Mg:P=2.0 =1.6 PH=9 9 PH=10

0.8 1

pH=8

.6 Mg:P=1.3 Mg:P=1.6 =1.3 PH=9 9 PH=10

1.2 pH=8

.3 Mg:P=1 P=1Mg:P=1.3 PH=9 =9 PH=10

0

pH=9

1 Mg:P=2.0 Mg:P=1 =2.0 08 PH=10 PH=8

pH=9

.0 Mg:P=1.6 Mg:P=2.0 =1.6 PH=9 PH=8 8

1.2 1

.6 Mg:P=1.3 Mg:P=1.6 =1.3 PH=9 PH=8 8

pH=8

Mg:P=1.3 Mg:P=1.3 Mg:P=1 PH=9 Mg:P=1 PH=9 PH=8 PH=8 Mg:P=1.6 Mg:P=1.6 Mg:P=1.3 PH=9Mg:P=1.3 PH=9 PH=8 PH=8 Mg:P=2.0 Mg:P=2.0 Mg:P=1.6 PH=9Mg:P=1.6 PH=9 PH=8 PH=8 Mg:P=1Mg:P=1 Mg:P=2.0 Mg:P=2.0 PH=10 PH=10 PH=8 PH=8 Mg:P=1.3 Mg:P=1.3 Mg:P=1Mg:P=1 PH=10 PH=10 PH=9 PH=9 Mg:P=1.6 Mg:P=1.6 Mg:P=1.3 Mg:P=1.3 PH=10 PH=10 PH=9 PH=9 Mg:P=2.0 Mg:P=2.0 Mg:P=1.6 Mg:P=1.6 PH=10 PH=10 PH=9 PH=9

Mg:P=1Mg:P=1 Precipitation efficiency Precipitation (%) (%) efficiency PH=9 PH=9

Mg:P=2.0 Mg:P=2.0 PH=8 PH=8

Mg:P=1.6 Mg:P=1.6 PH=8 PH=8

Mg:P=1.3 Mg:P=1.3 PH=8 PH=8

1.2

.3 Mg:P=1 P=1Mg:P=1.3 PH=8 =8 PH=9

1 9

.0 Mg:P=2.0 PH=8

0 Mg:P=1Mg:P=1 PH=8 PH=8

(%)(%) efficiency Precipitation efficiency Precipitation

P precipitation:pH=8100% 1 at pH 81 and 10.

P Precipitation: 780.8 100%0.8at pH 9.

0.6 Fe, Al precipitation: 0.6 100% at pH 8-10 0.4 Ca precipitation: 0.4 32-60% (pH:8) 0.2 92-99% (pH:9) and 0.2 0 63-79% (pH:10) 1.2

.6 Mg:P=1.6 PH=8

•

.3 Mg:P=1.3 PH=8

•

Mg:P=1 PH=8

•

1 8

•

(%) (%) efficiency Precipitation efficiency Precipitation

Introduction Water Engineering Portfolio

%Fe

pH=10 pH=9

%Fe

pH=9

1.0 0.8

0.8 0.6

0.6 0.4

0.4 0.2

%Ca

1.2

%Ca

0.6 0.8

0.4 0.6

0.2 0.4

1 0.8

0.6 0.4 0.2

Mg:P=2.0 PH=9

Mg:P=1.6 PH=9

Mg:P=1.3 PH=9

Precipitation efficiency (%)

1.0

0.8

1.0

0.6

0.9

0.4

0.9

0.2

0.8

0

0.8

Mg:P=2.0 PH=9

Mg:P=1.6 PH=9

Mg:P=1.3 PH=9

Mg:P=1 PH=9

Mg:P=2.0 PH=8

1

1.2

1.0 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2 0.0

27

g:P=2.0 PH=9Mg:P=1

0

%Ca, pH=9

g:P=1.6 PH=9

0.1

0.2

g:P=1.3 PH=9

0.2

0.4

Mg:P=2.0 Mg:P=1 PH=9 PH=9

0.3

0.6

1.1

Mg:P=1.3 PH=9

0.4

0.8

0

1.2

Mg:P=2.0 PH=8 Mg:P=1 PH=9

0.994

Mg:P=1.3 PH=8

0.995

Mg:P=1.6 PH=8

Precipitation efficiency (%)

0.996

0.5

Mg:P=1.6 PH=8

0.997

0.6

Mg:P=1 Mg:P=2.0 PH=8 PH=8

0.998

Precipitation efficiency (%)

0.999

0.7

Mg:P=1.6 PH=8

1.000

1

%P, pH=9

%Ca, pH=8

0.8

1.001

Mg:P=1 PH=8

Precipitation efficiency (%)

Mg:P=1.3 PH=8

0

High conconcentration of P is precipitated in mmol in comparison with the Fe, Al and Ca.

2 7

Mg:P=1

Precipitation efficiency (%)

1.2

Precipitation efficiency (%) Mg:P=1.6 PH=9

Mg:P increases from 1 to 2 ↑: Al, Fe precipitation efficiency maintain constant at 100% at different pH.

The best condition for P precipitation: Mg: P of 2 and pH of 8.

%Al, pH=9

1.2

%P, pH=8

•

Mg:P=2.0

%Fe, Al, pHpH=8 = 8, 9 and 10 %Al,

Mg:P increases from 1 to 2 ↑: P precipitation efficiency increases from 99.74% to 100% at pH 8 and 9 ↑.

Mg:P=1 PH=8

•

Figure: Precipitation efficiency of P, Fe, Al and Ca (Mg: P ratio)

Precipitation efficiency (%)

•

Mg:P=1.6

STRUVITE PRECIPITATION RESULTS •

Water Engineering Portfolio

Circular Economy

Mg:P=1.3

Qualifications and Skills

Mg:P=1.3 PH=8

Introduction

Introduction

Qualifications and Skills

Circular Economy

Water Engineering Portfolio

WASHING RESULTS Figure: Final concentration of S and P in the solid phase after washing •

• • •

2 8

Increases water consumption ↑: Sulphur removal ↑ from cycle 1 to 4.

There is a mass transfer of S and P from solid to liquid phase.

After 1 cycle, there is a concentration of P of 4125 mg/L in the liquid phase.

After 6 cycles, S decrease from 13 to 9% while P decrease from 1.4% to 0%.

28

Introduction

Qualifications and Skills

Circular Economy

Water Engineering Portfolio

29

Source 4 30

WATER REUSE PROJECT

Introduction

Qualifications and Skills

Circular Economy

Water Engineering Portfolio

Case Study: Combined Cycle Thermoelectric Power Plant in Peru

31

WATER REUSE PROJECT

Introduction

Qualifications and Skills

Circular Economy

Water Engineering Portfolio

Diagnosis of the case study: Combined Cycle Thermoelectric Power Plant in Peru Poor quality of well water Addition of sulphuric acid

Concentration of salts in cooling towers SOLUTION: ETTRINGITE CHEMICAL PRECIPITATION METHOD

High sulphate effluent

Receiving Body

2000 to 2500 ppm

Chillon River

TARGET VALUE: ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY STANDARDS (ECA FOR SULPHATES) 32

WATER REUSE PROJECT

Introduction

Qualifications and Skills

Circular Economy

Water Engineering Portfolio

Environmental Regulations for sulphates in Latin-American (2015*) Country

Legal Regulations

Recommended sulphate concentration

Peru

DS 002-2008-MINAM

300 ppm

DS 015-2015-MINAM

1000 ppm

DS90

1000 -2000 ppm

DS46

250 - 500 ppm

NCh 1333

250 ppm

Ecuador

NCADE Lib VI, 1

1000 ppm

Brasil (*)

Resolution 357 - 2005

250 ppm

Colombia (**)

Resolution 631 - 2015

250 ppm

WHO

Guidelines for drinking water quality

250 ppm

Chile

(*) In Brazil, the maximum sulphate concentration in fresh water is 250 ppm. (**) In Colombia, the maximum permissible limits in a mining effluent are: 1200 ppm (stone and ingot), 250 ppm (iron) and 1200 ppm (other metals).

In the case of an effluent from the energy industry it is 250 ppm.

33

WATER REUSE PROJECT

Introduction

Qualifications and Skills

Circular Economy

Water Engineering Portfolio

Experimental Development MATERIALS: A Denver flotation cell (0-1800 rpm) was used as the agitation technology.

CHEMICAL INPUTS: 15% lime slurry, 21% Poly Aluminium Chloride (PAC) and Quemifloc AH1010 anionic flocculant.

METHODOLOGY: The project for the total removal of the pollutants contained in the effluent of the study consists of 2 stages: 1st Stage. The behaviour of the main operational variables that influence the formation of ettringite was analysed:

a) Influence of PAC:SO4 2- mass rate: Mass rates from 3 to 11 were used for 15 minutes with time intervals of 5’. b) Influence of CAL concentration (ppm): Concentrations from 2160 to 6480 ppm of 15% lime slurry were used for 15 minutes with 5' time intervals.

34

WATER REUSE PROJECT

Introduction

Qualifications and Skills

Circular Economy

Water Engineering Portfolio

Experimental Development

Denver Flotation Cell

2nd Stage. The reverse osmosis technology was simulated using the IMS-Design programme in order to obtain a water quality that would allow it to be reused as source water for industrial operations or to be discharged into a water body while complying with all the parameters of the ECA. 35

WATER REUSE PROJECT

Introduction

Qualifications and Skills

Circular Economy

Water Engineering Portfolio

Discussion of the results ❑ 1st Stage. Study of the main operational variables that influence the formation of ettringite: A) Influence of PAC:SO4 2- mass rate: B) Influence of CAL concentration (ppm):

PAC∶ SO 4

Time (min)

3

5

7

9

11

5

1360.0

760.0

328.3

351.7

408.3

10

1320.0

713.3

310.0

326.7

413.3

15

1266.7

650.0

173.3

261.7

301.7

CAL (ppm)

2160

3240

4320

5400

6480

5

1126.7

806.7

328.3

373.3

396.7

10

1020.0

766.7

310.0

340.0

351.7

15

993.3

680.0

173.3

288.3

326.7

Time (min)

36

WATER REUSE PROJECT

Introduction

Qualifications and Skills

Circular Economy

Water Engineering Portfolio

Discussion of the results Chemical compound

Formula

Percentage by mass (%)

Etringite

Ca6 Al(OH)6 2 SO4 3.26H2O

51.29

Magnesium sulphate pentahydrate

MgSO4. 5H2O

16.14

Calcite

CaCO3

14.77

Magnetite

Fe3O4

11.67

Gypsum

CaSO4. 2H2O

2.97

Silica

SiO2

1.78

Brucite

Mg(OH)2

1.38

CHARACTERISATION OF DRY SLUDGE GENERATED BY THE ETTRINGITE CHEMICAL PRECIPITATION METHOD 37

WATER REUSE PROJECT

Qualifications and Skills

Introduction

Circular Economy

Water Engineering Portfolio

Discussion of the results COMPARISON OF ETTRINGITE AND GYPSUM PRECIPITATION METHODS Chemical precipitation of gypsum

Final sulphate concentration (ppm) Sulphate removal percentage (%) Does it comply with the ECA?

Chemical precipitation of ettringite

1554.2

173.3

21.1%

91.2%

NO

SI

CHARACTERISATION OF THE EFFLUENT BEFORE AND AFTER THE PROPOSED TREATMENT: Unity

ECA (2008)

ECA (2015)

Untreated effluent

PH

Adimensional

6.5 - 8.5

6.5 - 8.5

Conductivity

uS/cm

2000

Sulphates

ppm

Chlorides

Parameter

Treated effluent – 1st Stage without sludge reuse

with sludge reuse

7.5

8.52

9.83

2500

4700

6325

4985

300

1000

1969

68.3

308.1

ppm

100 - 700

500

499.8

1970

1406

Aluminium

ppm

5

5

0.595

5.34

2.507

Calcium

ppm

200

-

759.2

973.3

657.7

Turbidity

NTU

-

-

2.47

1.32

1.75

38

WATER REUSE PROJECT

Introduction

Qualifications and Skills

Circular Economy

Water Engineering Portfolio

Discussion of the results ❑ Stage 2. Final improvement of the effluent quality under study.

Treated effluent 1st Stage

Unity

ECA (2008)

ECA (2015)

PH

Adimensional

6.5 - 8.5

6.5 - 8.5

8.52

6.88

Conductivity

uS/cm

2000

2500

6325

93.67

Sulphates

ppm

300

1000

68.3

0.19

Chlorides

ppm

100 - 700

500

1970

21.89

Aluminium

ppm

5

5

5.34

-

Calcium

ppm

200

-

973.3

5.86

Turbidity

NTU

-

-

1.32

-

Parameter

without sludge reuse

Treated effluent 2nd Stage

39

WATER REUSE PROJECT

Introduction

Qualifications and Skills

Circular Economy

Water Engineering Portfolio

Conceptualization of the water reuse strategy of industrial effluents with high sulphate content EFFLUENT WITH HIGH SULPHATE CONTENT

FILTRATION TECHNOLOGIES

WATER REUSE TECHNOLOGIES

ULTRAFILTRATION

RO

CHEMICAL PRECIPITATION PROCESS OF ETTRINGITE

TREATED EFFLUENT

LAMELLAR CLARIFICATION

NEUTRALIZATION

FILTERED WATER

2

3

REUSED SLUDGE TO THE PROCESS

EDI

SLUDGE

TREATED EFFLUENT DISCHARGED TO THE RECEIVING BODY IN COMPLIANCE WITH ENVIRONMENTAL REGULATIONS

SLUDGE DISPOSAL TECHNOLOGIES PRESS FILTER

CENTRIFUGE

SCREW FILTER

1

IONIC EXCHANGE

SEDIMENTATION

TK OF EFFLUENT EQUALIZATION

TREATED EFFLUENT FOR REUSE IN PLANT OPERATIONS

SLUDGE WITH FINAL DISPOSAL

4

40

Introduction

Qualifications and Skills

Circular Economy

Water Engineering Portfolio

COST – BUDGET + PLAN

41

Introduction

COST BUDGET

Qualifications and Skills

Circular Economy

Water Engineering Portfolio

SIMULATION – IMS DESIGN (REVERSE OSMOSIS)

42

Introduction

Qualifications and Skills

Circular Economy

Water Engineering Portfolio

AUTOCAD

43

Introduction

Qualifications and Skills

Circular Economy

Water Engineering Portfolio

AUTOCAD

44

Introduction

Qualifications and Skills

Circular Economy

Water Engineering Portfolio

MS Project

45

Introduction

Qualifications and Skills

Circular Economy

Water Engineering Portfolio

MS Project

46

Introduction

Qualifications and Skills

Circular Economy

Water Engineering Portfolio

MS Project

47

To be continued…

48