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CATALOGUE 44

NIGEL PHILLIPS The Cart House Paddock Field Chilbolton Hampshire SO20 6AU England

Antiquarian Books

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CATALOGUE 44 This catalogue is also available digitally as a PDF file. Further illustrations can also be seen on the website.

The cover illustration is taken from Item 3, Cintio dâ€™Amato.

ÂŠ Nigel Phillips 2015

ACCUM, Frederick. Traité Pratique sur l’usage et le mode d’application des Réactifs Chimiques fondé sur des expériences; suivi d’instructions, pour l’analyse, des mines métalliques, des métaux, des sols, des engrais, et des eaux minérales. Traduit de l’anglais, sur la seconde édition (de 1818); par Jn. Riffault. A Paris: Chez MéquignonMarvis… 1819. 8vo, pp. xxxiii, 305, (1), 2 engraved plates. Half-title. Some light foxing. Contemporary tree sheep, spine ruled in gilt (head of spine slightly worn, one lower corner bumped). £500 FIRST EDITION IN FRENCH, translated by Jean René Riffault des Hêtres from the greatly enlarged second edition of A practical essay on chemical re-agents or tests, “an interesting early work describing approximately 60 reagents and chemical techniques, illustrated by over 180 experiments. Accum briefly traces the history of wet chemical analysis, with particular reference to the contributions of Boyle, Duclos, Bergman, Scheele, Kirwan, and Westrumb” (Neville I, p. 8, note to the first edition). Cole 8. Neville I, p. 10.

ADAMS, George. Lectures on Natural and Experimental Philosophy, considered in it’s present state of improvement. Describing, in a familiar and easy manner, the principal phenomena of nature; and shewing, that they all co-operate in displaying the goodness, wisdom, and power of God. London: Printed by R. Hindmarsh...; Sold by the author, No. 60, Fleet-Street. 1794. 5 volumes, 8vo; vol. I: pp. xlviii, 548, engraved allegorical frontispiece; vol. II: pp. vii, 561, 1 leaf; vol. III: pp. vii, 579; vol. IV: pp. viii, 576; vol. V: pp. 43, (1), 39 folding engraved plates. Contemporary mottled calf, spines gilt with red lettering labels and green volume labels (tear without loss in one plate, joints of vol. 5 neatly repaired, small repairs to other joints and corners), a fine set. With the engraved armorial bookplate of Blagrove, and signature of Charles Campbell Blagrove, August 13th, 1799, at top of titles. £1850 FIRST EDITION. The last work published by George Adams junior (1750–1795), who continued his father’s business and his position as mathematical instrument maker to George III, and was also optician to the Prince of Wales. This is his largest work, the lectures being on air, sound, fire, fluids, optics (including telescopes and microscopes), mechanics, hydraulics, astronomy, electricity and magnetism, and meteorology. The fine suite of plates illustrates hundreds of instruments and experiments.

AMATO, Cintio d’. Nuova, et Utilissima Prattica di tutto quello, ch’al diligente Barbiero s’appartiene: divisa in due libri. Ove si discorre del cavar sangue, medicar ferite, et balsamar corpi humani. Del vero modo da farsi la scarificatione, gli opportuni tempi del salasso, e l’anatomia di esso sangue, con altri mirabili secreti, e figure… Per Tomaso Antonio Riccio. Ristampata 3a. impresione… In Napoli [Naples]: Appresso Geronimo Fasulo, 1671. 4to, 5 leaves (including the engraved title-page), 168 pages, 5 leaves, engraved frontispiece and 13 engraved plates. Woodcut initials and tailpieces. Upper corner of first and last dozen leaves eroded (by vermin) just affecting the upper corner of the title, also lower corner of first 15 leaves to a lesser extent, a few small stains in the first and last leaves, otherwise a nicely preserved copy. Contemporary limp vellum, red morocco label on spine. Early manuscript note on front free endpaper, bookplate of Piergiorgio Borio. £2800 Third edition of one of the few books that describe and illustrate the craft of the barber-surgeons. This work is distinguished by its remarkable illustrations; the first represents the author handing his book to Saints Cosmas and Damian, to whom the book is dedicated. The plates show patients continued... 1

being bled at a variety of points, including the tongue. William Osler, who owned a copy of the 1669 edition, wrote: “From an extraordinary number of vessels blood could be taken. I have a barbersurgeon’s manual by Cintio D’Amato (1669) which gives a figure of a bleeding man with twentythree places marked.” The first two editions of 1632 and 1669 had woodcuts in the text; this is the first edition with engraved plates.

Item 3, d'Amato

ARNALD DE VILLANOVA. Chymische Schrifften, darinnen begriffen I. Der Schatz aller Schätze. II. Der Philosophen Rosen-Garten. III. Das Gröste Geheimnuss aller Geheimnüssen. IV. Spiegel der Chymischen Kunst. Worbey zugleich mitangefüget V. Die edle Practica der Prophetin Mariae, Moysis Schwester. VI. Das Buch Calidis, des Sohns Jazichii, von den Geheimnüssen der Alchimie. VII. Kallid Rachaidibi, von den 3. Worten. VIII. Aristotelis Tractätlein, von der Practic des Philosophischen Steins. IX. Ludus puerorum, das Kinder-Spiel und der Weiber-Arbeit. Allen Liebhabern der wahren Alchimie zu Gefallen aus dem Latein mit höchstem Fleiss in Teutscher Sprache übersetzet, durch Johannem Hoppodamum. Franckfurt und Hamburg: In Verlegung Georg Wolffs… 1683. Small, 8vo, pp. (xvi), 350, 1 leaf (blank). Eighteenth century half sheep, spine richly gilt in compartments, red morocco label, a fine copy. Bookplates of the Safstaholms Library and Gustaf Berndtsson. £4800 FIRST EDITION IN GERMAN of the chemical and alchemical works by, or at least ascribed to, the Catalan physician Arnald de Villanova (c. 1240–1311), consisting of nine parts as listed on the title-page. The Latin titles of the first three works are Rosarius Philosophorum, Novum Lumen, and Flos Florum. “Arnald, born in Aragon, Spain, was one of the great authorities among the alchemists. He devoted himself to the study of chemistry, medicine, and physics and also learned Arabic and Greek. It was through him that the full tradition of the Arabian alchemists and their theories entered the mainstream of European thought. His writings were a strange mixture of mysticism and true science, and he accepted the concept of the transmutation of the elements and modified the sulphur-mercury theory of Geber” (Neville I, p. 43, note to the Opera Omnia of 1585). VD17 39:116371H (6 copies). Not in Duveen. Ferguson (I, p. 43) lists the 1748 edition (but it is not in his Books of Secrets); these were probably the only editions of Arnald’s chemical works in any vernacular language.

5. ARTICELLA. Articella nuperrime impressa cum quamplurimis tractatibus pristine impressioni superadditis: ut patet i[dest] pagina sequenti. Petri Pomarii Valentini Hispani ad lector[e]m hexastychon… [Colophon:] Imp[re]ssum Lugduni [Lyon]: per Antoniu[m] du Ry. Impensis…Jacobi q[uondam] Francisci de Giuncta Florentini ac sociorum. 1525. Small 8vo, ff. ccclxx [i.e. ccclxviii, cclxv and cclxvi omitted in foliation]. Gothic letter in double columns, title printed in red and black within a woodcut border, woodcut initials, printer’s device on verso of last leaf, diagrams on f. cclxxiii verso and a full page woodcut of a bloodletting figure on f. ccclxvii recto. Contemporary limp vellum, ties missing, new endpapers. Some light browning, otherwise in very good condition. £1800 Later edition of the Articella, a collection of classical and Arabic medical works which incorporated the most popular texts used in the medical schools during the thirteenth, fourteenth and fifteenth centuries. It includes works of Hunain ibn Ishaq (Johannitius), Theophilos, Hippocrates, Galen, Avicenna, Arnald de Villanova, Mesue, and other smaller works (the list of contents appears of f. 1v). The Hippocratic Oath appears on f. 17r. “As a medical library in one volume, which underwent six editions in the fifteenth century and many other editions in the first half of the sixteenth century, the work reflects changing attitudes to various ancient texts and translations through the constant evolution of its contents” (G&M). See G&M 52, and Stillwell, The awakening interest in science, III, 280 (the first edition of c. 1476). Choulant, Handbuch, p. 402.

ATWOOD, George. An Analysis of a Course of Lectures on the Principles of Natural Philosophy, read in the University of Cambridge. London: Printed for T. Cadell… 1784. continued... 3

Item 5, Articella

8vo, pp. vi, 265. The final page is errata. A few manuscript corrections in an early hand. Early nineteenth century half calf, spine ruled in gilt and decorated in blind, red morocco label. A family copy, with the signatures of A.T. Atwood, 1870, and George Atwood, 1905, on the front endpapers, together with a biographical note on the author. £850 FIRST EDITION. Atwood was a successful lecturer at Cambridge. Some of his immediate predecessors were “intellectually not very distinguished…[but] their deficiencies were to some extent made up for by non-professional Fellows such as George Atwood, of Trinity, who lectured in natural philosophy, including numerous experiments in mechanics, hydrostatics, optics, astronomy, magnetism and electricity” (Musson & Robinson, Science and Technology in the Industrial Revolution, p. 171). This syllabus is unusually large (most are very slim volumes), and it is actually an enlarged and revised version of his Description of the Experiments…of Natural Philosophy (1776), which had only 51 pages.

AUENBRUGGER, Leopold. Inventum novum ex percussione thoracis humani ut signo abstrusos interni pectoris morbos detegendi. Vindobonae [Vienna]: Typis Joannis Thomae Trattner… 1761. 8vo, pp. 95, (1) errata. Some occasional light browning and foxing (as usual with this book), but a very good copy. Contemporary vellum over boards (lower portion of spine neatly repaired at an early date). Bookplates of Piergiorgio Borio. £8500 FIRST EDITION of the first book to suggest percussion of the chest as a diagnostic measure, “one of the greatest of all medical classics” (Heirs of Hippocrates). “With the introduction of percussion of the chest, which offered a new and dependable method of diagnosing diseases of the heart and lungs in living persons, Leopold Auenbrugger made the first advance in physical diagnosis since the age of Hippocrates. The son of an innkeeper, Auenbrugger had learned as a boy how to establish the level of wine in a cask by thumping the barrel… Applying the same technique to the human chest, he noticed that different sounds—tympanic, dull, or obscure, were produced when there was underlying disease of the heart or lungs in the interior of the chest. He verified his diagnoses by experiments on cadavers and by postmortems” (Grolier One Hundred). At first Auenbrugger's discovery attracted little attention, but he lived to see Corvisart's classic translation of the book in 1808, after which the value of percussion was universally recognised. G&M 2672. Lilly, Notable Medical Books, p. 127. Grolier, One hundred books famous in medicine, 45. Parkinson, Breakthroughs, 1761. Willius & Keys, Cardiac classics, 191–213. This copy is of the second issue, with the errata on the final page. Norman Catalogue 81 (first issue).

BARBA, Alvaro Alonso. Berg-Büchlein, darinnen von der Metallen und Mineralien Generalia und Ursprung, wie auch von derselben Natur und Eigenschafft, Mannigfaltigkeit, Scheidung und Fein-machung, imgleichen allerhand Edelgesteinen, ihre Generation etc. außführlich und nutzbarlich gehandelt wird. Anfangs in Spanischer Sprache beschrieben, und in zwey Theile getheilet. Nun aber…in Teutsch übersetzet von I.L.M.C. Hamburg: Auf Gottfried Schulzens Kosten, 1676. Small 8vo, pp. (iv), 128, 1 leaf (sub-title), pp. 129–204, (4), 1 engraved plate. Contemporary vellum, fine copy. Bookplates of the Safstaholms Library and Gustaf Berndtsson. £3800 FIRST EDITION IN GERMAN of this celebrated treatise on mining and metallurgy, the first significant work on the subject in Spanish, and the first work on mining in the Americas. “Barba’s work is in five books. The first (34 chapters) deals with the generation of metals and things accompanying them; the second (24 chapters) with the extraction of silver by mercury; the third (16 chapters and 13 figures) with the process he discovered in 1607 for the extraction of gold, silver and copper by boiling with salt solution and mercury in a copper vessel; the fourth (22 continued... 5

chapters and 48 figures) with the extraction of these metals by fusion; and the fifth (15 chapters and 13 figures) with the refining and separation of these metals” (Partington). It also includes the earliest special chapter on petroleum products (Book I, ch. 9) in Peru and elsewhere. The methods of extraction that Barba himself discovered were in large part responsible for the vast wealth that Spain gained from Peru. Partington II, pp. 39–40. Hoover catalogue 84. The first translations out of Spanish were this German edition, and the English edition which appeared only six years earlier. Both consist of the first two Books only, and as a copy of the Spanish original had been obtained secretively by the Earl of Sandwich, it is conceivable that both were translated from that same copy.

Founding Work of Ophthalmology Remarkable for its Illustrations BARTISCH, Georg. Ophthalmoduleia [Greek type]. Das ist, Augendienst. Newer und wolgegründter Bericht von ursachen und erkentnüs aller Gebrechen, Schäden und Mängel der Augen und des Gesichtes… Mit schönen, herrlichen Contrafectischen Figuren... [Colophon:] Gedruckt zu Dresden: durch Matthes Stöckel, 1583. Folio, ff. (xxviii), 274, (8). Title in red and black within ornamental woodcut border (repeated on C1r), woodcut coat-of-arms, woodcut portrait of the author aged 48, and 88 full-page woodcuts in the text (including several repeated and 2 of the anatomy of the brain and eye with 5 and 6 overlay flaps respectively). Contemporary limp vellum, doeskin ties replaced. Purchase note of Andreas Lautmarr dated 1585 on front pastedown; also of Lundsgaard in Copenhagen, 1921; two old, small and faint library stamps on the title-page. Some inherent stains from the binding on the endpapers, paper a little browned as is usual with this book, but a really nice copy. £65,000 FIRST EDITION. The first modern work on eye surgery, and one of the most remarkable illustrated books in early medical literature. It was also the first work to establish a subspeciality within the domain of surgery, establishing the term “ophthalmology”. “The book’s text, in twelve parts, and its woodcut illustrations combine to give a comprehensive view of Renaissance eye surgery. The woodcuts constitute one of the most remarkable features of the publication: they total ninety-one, including some repetitions, and they are believed to have been executed by Hans Hewamaul after Bartisch’s own drawings. Two of the illustrations are presented with overlays showing anatomical parts lying successively one under the other; Bartisch was the first to illustrate the brain and the eye in this manner. The book was printed at Bartisch’s own expense and was widely used for the next century” (Daniel M. Albert and Eugene Flamm in the Grolier One Hundred). These striking illustrations show the anatomy and diseases of the eye, surgical operations, instruments, distilling apparatus, etc. They are crowded with detail, and form a comprehensive picture book of practical methods of treatment. Bartisch was court oculist to the Elector of of Dresden and the founder of modern ophthalmology. He was a skilful operator, and developed many instruments. He was renowned for his cataract operations, and was the first to practise the extirpation of the bulbus in cancer of the eye. G&M 5817. Grolier One Hundred (Medicine), 22. Lilly, Notable Medical Books, 49. Hirschberg II, pp. 323–342. Norman catalogue 125.

10. BAUMÉ, [Antoine]. Chymie Expérimentale et Raisonnée. A Paris: Chez P. Franc. Didot le jeune, 1773. 3 volumes, 8vo, 2 leaves, pp. lx [i.e. clx], 482, fine engraved frontispiece portrait and 8 folding engraved plates; 2 leaves, 671 pages, 2 folding plates; 2 leaves, 704 pages, 2 folding plates. Halftitles, different engraved vignette on each title. Some foxing throughout, occasionally heavy, two tears in L6 vol. 3 unprofessionally repaired partially obscuring some letters. Contemporary Spanish(?) tree sheep, black borders on sides, brown and green morocco labels on spines, marbled endpapers, red edges. £800 continued... 6

Item 9, Bartisch FIRST EDITION, Cole’s edition B, the “inferior” edition with the portrait and the title vignettes reversed and unsigned. “One of the very latest and at the same time the best text books based on the phlogiston theory by one of the most distinguished eighteenth century French chemists” (Duveen). The plates depict chemical apparatus. Cole 45. Duveen, p. 53. Ferguson, I, pp. 83–84. Neville I, p. 96 (this edition). Partington, III, pp. 90–95.

First Mention of Spectacles 11. BERNARD OF GORDON. Practica Gordonii. Praxis omnibus medicine studiosis maxime utilis…medicine lilium nuncupata… [Colophon:] Venetiis [Venice]: impressa mandato & expensis…Luceantonii de Giunta… 1521. Folio, 124 leaves. Text in double columns, woodcut initials, woodcut device on last page. Modern binding using old vellum boards with new spine, corners, and endpapers. Several small diminishing wormholes in the first few leaves, lower blank corner of title-page damaged and neatly restored, otherwise a fine and fresh copy. Some early annotations (cropped) in margins of several leaves; stamp on first and last page of Dr. Aldo Frugoni; bookplate of Piergiorgio Borio. £4500 Sixth edition (the first five are all incunables) of the Practica or Lilium medicinae, the principal work of one of the medical luminaries of the Middle Ages, Bernard of Gordon (c.1258–1318) of Scottish descent but born in France, a professor at Montpellier from 1283 to 1307. He spent his entire teaching career at Montpellier and contributed greatly to the university’s fame as the outstanding medical school in Europe. He completed the Lilium in 1305. continued... 7

In the Dark Ages (476-1000), European medicine was entirely in the hands of the Jewish and Arabian physicians when the founding of the medical school at Salerno in the eleventh century began to breathe new life into medicine. The Lilium preserves the Arabic tradition, but also contains much original material, and is one of the works which laid the foundations of medical literature in the fourteenth century, from the schools of Montpellier, Paris, Bologna and Padua. It contains, inter alia, the first description of a modern truss, the first mention of spectacles (oculus berellinus), and the suggestion that muscles move due to a mechanical action of the nerves. Modern studies have been made of Bernard’s treatises on epilepsy, marasmus, smallpox, and urology. The Lilium was translated in the Middle Ages into French, German, Hebrew, Irish, French and Spanish, but never into English, although Bernard is mentioned in the prologue to Chaucer’s Canterbury Tales. Demaitre says of Bernard (p. 169): “It would be difficult to find a more worthy representatives of Montpellier’s claim to fame, of the academic tradition, and of the medical profession around 1300 than Bernard of Gordon.” See Stillwell, The awakening interest in science, III, 312 (first edition of 1480). Luke E. Demaitre, Doctor Bernard de Gordon: professor and practitioner (Toronto, 1980) includes a list of the 11 editions printed from 1480 to 1617.

The Pupil of Mondino and Teacher of Guy de Chauliac 12. BERTUCCI, Niccolò. Compendium sive (ut vulgo inscribitur) collectorium artis medicae, tam practice quam speculative, nunc demum recognitum & suae integritati restitutum per D. Joannem Caesarium. Cum indice locupletissimo. Coloniae [Cologne]: apud Melchiorem Novesianum. 1537. 4to, ff. (viii) including the final blank, CCLXVI [i.e. CCLXIV, foliation CXCIII–CXCIV omitted]. Large woodcut device on title. Tear in gutter and inner margin of title just touching the woodcut repaired from behind, single wormhole in margin of last 25 leaves. Contemporary blind-stamped pigskin panelled with central portraits and roll-tooled borders (a few small wormholes), a handsome copy. Eighteenth century armorial bookplate of C.W.G.V.N. on front pastedown and his signature on the title-page; also the signature of another of the family; bookplates of Piergiorgio Borio. £2400 First edition to be edited by Joannes Kaiser of Bertucci’s principal work, first printed in Lyon in 1509 and again in 1518. It “comprises the following sections: De regimine sanitatis; De aegretudinibus particularibus; De febribus; De crisi et de diebus creticis; De venenis; De decoratione. According to Sarton, it contains also a chapter on anatomy including a description of the brain” (Stillwell). This chapter appears on f. XII, and the following chapters are on the diseases of the brain. According to Hirsch and others the author’s name is Bertucci, but it is spelled Bertrucci in this book. He was a pupil of Mondino, continuing his practice of dissecting cadavers in the classroom, and the teacher of Guy de Chauliac, who makes frequent mention of him. He died in Bologna in about 1342. He is one of five anatomists between Mondino and the beginning of the sixteenth century to be listed by Baas (Outlines of the history of medicine, p. 297), the others being Petrus de Argelata, Montagnana, Achilini, and Gabriel de Zerbis. Stillwell, The awakening interest in science, III, 313 and IV, 602 (1509 edition).

13. BOLLETTI, Giuseppe Gaetano. Dell’ Origine e de’ Progressi dell’ Instituto delle Scienze di Bologna e di tutte le Academie ad esso unite, con la descrizione delle più notabili cose, che ad uso del mondo letterario nello stesso Instituto si conservano… In Bologna: nella Stamperia di Lelio dalla Volpe. 1751. Small 8vo, 1 leaf, pp. 3–126, 1 leaf (imprimatur), and 4 folding engraved plates. Contemporary English speckled calf, red morocco label on spine (short crack at top of upper joint), a nice copy. £800 FIRST EDITION. The history of the origins and activities of the Academy of Sciences of the Institute of Bologna, one of the leading scientific academies of the eighteenth century. It was founded as a private academy in 1690 by Eustachio Manfredi, and became the Instituto in 1712. The plates show the building in plan and elevation.

14.

BOYLE, Robert. [1] A Continuation of New Experiments Physico-Mechanical Touching the Spring and Weight of the Air, and their effects. The I. Part. Oxford: Printed by Henry Hall…for Richard Davis, 1669. [Bound with:] [2] A Continuation of New Experiments Physico-Mechanical, Touching the Spring and Weight of the Air, and their effects. The second part. London: Printed by Miles Flesher for Richard Davis, 1682. [And:] [3] New Experiments Physico-Mechanical, touching the Spring of the Air, and its effects, made, for the most part, in a new pneumatical engine… London: Printed by Miles Flesher for Richard Davis, Bookseller in Oxford, 1682. 3 works in 2 volumes (the third in 3 parts), 4to, 11 leaves, pp. 198, (10), 1 leaf (longitudinal title), 8 engraved plates; pp (xx), 198, (5), 5 folding plates; pp. (xvi), 204, (xii), 118, (2) blank, (viii), 102, (2), 2 engraved plates (1 folding). Titles of [2] and [3] within rules. Part 3 of [3] misbound at the beginning, small wormhole in lower margin of first part of [1], short (2 cm.) wormtrack in first few leaves of [3] diminishing to a single wormhole, last plate of [2] just shaved at sides. Contemporary panelled calf, foot of one spine and one corner worn, upper joints cracking at foot, one small hole in leather owing to zealous use of a blind tool, a nice set. Early signature of J. Brandreth of Trinity College, Cambridge, on front free endpapers. £4000 [1] FIRST EDITION. After the Spring and Weight of the Air, Boyle continued to devise experiments on air. In this first continuation, he describes the second English air-pump, constructed like the first by himself and Robert Hooke. He investigated sound, magnetic force and frictional heat in a vacuum; he also confirmed the results of Pascal’s famous experiment on the Puy-de-Dôme. Wing B3934. Fulton 16. [2] FIRST EDITION IN ENGLISH (from the Latin). The first description of the double air-pump, the third air-pump in England, devised and constructed by Denis Papin, who had brought it with him from France. It had the great advantage of two barrels so arranged that, as the air became exhausted, the resistance offered to the ascent of one piston was nearly balanced by the force with which it compelled the other to descend. It is clear from this book that Boyle and Papin worked together for almost four years. Wing B3935. Fulton 18. [3] Third edition of Boyle’s book on his original experiments on air, his first scientific work and the one on which his fame rests. This edition, like the second, includes his controversial tracts against Linus and Hobbes, the former provoking an attack to which Boyle wrote a defence that contained “Boyle’s law”, first published in the second edition. Wing B4000. Fulton 15. See Horblit 15, PMM 143, and the Norman catalogue 300 for the second edition. Neville I, p. 192, has the same combination of works as are present here.

15. BOYLE, Robert. Experiments and Considerations about the Porosity of Bodies, in two essays. London: Printed for Sam. Smith... 1684. Small 8vo, pp. (iv), 145, (3) blank. Title within ruled borders. Contemporary mottled calf (upper joint neatly repaired, new red morocco label). Mild foxing on the endpapers, but a very good copy, complete with the final blank leaf. Eighteenth century signature of J.D. Hamilton on last page. £2250 FIRST EDITION. “To a modern physiologist the Porosity of Bodies is of signal interest, for it marks the beginning of the study of osmotic pressure and of the exchange of substances through living membranes, which is at the basis of the regulation of all bodily processes. He [Boyle] commences by considering the skin and sweating, confirming Santorio’s celebrated observations on loss of weight through insensible perspiration... There are interesting observations upon the absorption of medicines through the skin and through wounds [concluding that substances can be absorbed through the lungs and the human skin]. The second part of the essay deals with the porosity of solid bodies, and once more we find Boyle speaking in terms of atomic structure and arrangement... At the end there is an interesting section on the porosity of glass, in which the methods of staining glass are described at length” (Fulton). Wing B3966. Fulton 149.

Item 14, Boyle

With an Autograph Letter 16. BRONGNIART, Alexandre. Classification et Caractères Minéralogiques des Roches Homogènes et Hétérogènes. A Paris: Chez F.G. Levrault,… 1827. 8vo, 2 leaves, 144 pages. Contemporary roan-backed marbled boards (spine faded and worn at ends, half-title dampstained, some foxing throughout). Tipped in on the half-title of this copy is an A.L.s. (somewhat creased) by Brongniart saying he is enclosing a sample of a mineral for analysis. Provenance: 1. Daubrée, probably Gabriel-Auguste Daubrée (1814–1896), geologist. 2. Stanislas Meunier, with his stamp at the foot of the title, and autograph note on the endpaper, given him by Daubrée in January 1867. 3. Comte Delamarre de Monchaux, purchased from the Librairie Lechevalier because of the autograph letter, at the sale of Meunier’s books (note on front endpaper). £450 FIRST EDITION. A mineralogical classification and description of rocks by the eminent French geologist Brongniart (1770–1847), who had long given his attention to minerals and rocks. In 1822 he succeeded Haüy as professor of mineralogy at the Muséum d'Histoire Naturelle. DSB, II, pp. 493–497. Sotheran, 1st Supp., 4723: “This work, according to Sir A. Geikie, first proposed the word melaphyre for one of the basaltic rocks.”

17.

Pioneer of Preventive Medicine BUDD, William. Typhoid Fever: its nature, mode of spreading, and prevention. London: Longmans, Green, and Co. 1873. Large 8vo, pp. xii, (ii), 193, (1), 1 leaf (adverts), hand-coloured lithographed frontispiece and 3 lithographed plates from photographs by Budd taken in about 1859; "Note" slip with errata on verso. Original green cloth (slightly rubbed and marked, inner hinges cracked), uncut. Faint library stamp on first few leaves and shelf mark on front pastedown with a note that it was received on 28th March 1874. £850 FIRST EDITION. G&M 5029, the first book to demonstrate the prevention of typhoid fever, and one of the great works in the literature of communicable diseases. “Budd insisted that typhoid fever was spread by contagion, and established the fact that infection from typhoid came from the dejecta of the patients” (G&M). He impressed on the medical profession and the public generally the paramount necessity of stringent modes of disinfection, the adoption of a full supply of pure water being of primary importance. This book was the culmination of his life’s work, presenting in a more complete form earlier contributions to various journals. He did the best English work of his time in infectious diseases (Garrison), and was described by Professor John Tyndall as a man of the highest genius whose contributions to medical literature were “priceless”, and by Newsholme (Fifty Years in Public Health) as “one of the great pioneers in preventive medicine”.

18. CASPER, Johann Ludwig. Traité Pratique de Médecine Légale rédigé d’après des observations personelles. Traduit de l’Allemand sous les yeux de l’auteur par Gustave Germer Baillière. Paris: Librairie Médicale Germer Baillière… 1862. 3 volumes (2 volumes of text and the atlas), 8vo and large 8vo, pp. xxviii, 439; 2 leaves, pp. 608; title + 10 chromolithographed plates with 10 leaves of explanation. Half-title in the text volumes. Some foxing in the atlas but a nice set. Contemporary brown half morocco and marbled sides, spines gilt, marbled endpapers. Signature on front free endpapers; with the gilt exlibris of C. Brixhé at foot of spines. £650 continued... 11

FIRST EDITION IN FRENCH. See G&M 1743 (first edition, in German, 1857-58, with only 9 coloured plates): “Casper was the greatest name in forensic medicine in his time. His book…was unsurpassed for many years.” The plates in this edition, including the additional tenth plate, were printed by the same printer as for the German edition, Winckelmann & Söhne in Berlin. While not artistically fine, they are more importantly extremely faithful to their subjects. The preface by the author affirms the fidelity of this French translation, by the publisher, to the original. Nemec, Highlights in medicolegal relations, 424: “Casper reformed forensic medicine and freed it from previous judicial formalism and dependence on other sciences.” Goldschmid, p. 198. An English edition was published by the New Sydenham Society, but without the coloured plates.

Item 18, Casper

19.

CESALPINO, Andrea. Quaestionum Peripateticarum Lib. V… Daemonum investigatio peripatetica… Secunda editio. Quaestionum Medicarum Libri II. De Medicament. facultatibus Lib. II… Nunc primum editi. Venetiis [Venice]: Apud Juntas. 1593. 4to, 20 + 291+ 1 (blank) leaves. Woodcut device on title, woodcut head- and tailpieces and initials, several woodcut diagrams in the text. Contemporary limp vellum (inner hinges sometime reinforced with paper). Light foxing on a few leaves, but a fine and fresh copy. Bookplates of Piergiorgio Borio. £11,000 Second, enlarged and more important, edition of this famous book on which the claims for Andrea Cesalpino as the discoverer of the circulation of the blood have been based. The Peripateticarum Quaestionum was his first published book; in it he was a follower of Aristotle rather than Galen, although he partially reformu lated the former’s theories. “Cesalpino’s most important medical studies concern the anatomy and physiology of the movement of the blood. He gave a good description of the cardiac valves and of the pulmonary vessels connected to the heart, as well as of the minor blood circulation; he also recognized that the heart is the center of the circulation of the blood and accepted the existence of the traditional synanastomoses of the arteries with the veins. He did not, however, discover the major circulation (first demonstrated in 1628 by William Harvey)” (DSB). “No-one who reads Cesalpino impartially can deny the eminent part that he played in the discovery of the circulation of the blood” (Castiglioni, p. 438). Cesalpino was the first to use here the expression circulatio sanguinis (circulation of the blood) in a scientific sense. This edition contains the Quaestionum Medicarum and the De Medicamentorum Facultatibus for the first time. The former is important for recording the results of tying a vein and the first published statement concerning the centripetal flow in veins (on f. 234). G&M 756 (this edition), and see 755 for the first edition of 1571. Both editions are extremely rare. Norman catalogue 431.

20.

Initiation of the Public Health Era [CHADWICK, Edwin et al.] Report to Her Majesty's Principal Secretary of State for the Home Department, from the Poor Law Commissioners, on an inquiry into the Sanitary Condition of the Labouring Population of Great Britain; with appendices. London: W. Clowes, 1842. [And:] A Supplementary Report on the results of a special inquiry into the practice of interment in towns... by Edwin Chadwick. London: W. Clowes, 1843. 2 volumes, 8vo, pp. xxx, (i), 457, (1), 3 city plans (2 folding), 1 folding chart, 2 plates and 15 house plans (some double-page); pp. vii, 279, (1). Original mauve cloth, spines faded as usual, fine copies. Signature of George Inge 1844 on front pastedowns. £1500 FIRST EDITIONS. With this work Chadwick may be said to have initiated the public health era. “Nominally the work of the Commissioners, the Report was in fact drawn up by Chadwick; and it is one of the most important documents in the history of the first half of the nineteenth century. Its recommendations included for the first time national responsibility for drainage, cleaning of streets, paving, light and water supply, and a national health and burial service. The Health Board of 1848, the Local Government Board of 1871, and today's Ministry of Health (1919) are all directly traceable to Chadwick’s report” (PMM). Its findings shocked the country: one of Chadwick’s conclusions was “that the annual loss of life from filth and bad ventilation is greater than the loss from death or wounds in any wars in which the country has been engaged in modern times.” G&M 1608 (the Report). Printing and the Mind of Man 313 (citing the Report, mentioning the Supplementary Report; the Commission also published two other volumes of local reports for England and Scotland). Norman Catalogue 434. Frazer, A History of English Public Health, pp. 13–20.

21. CHAPTAL, Jean Antoine Claude. Tableau Analytique du Cours de Chimie, fait à Montpellier… A Montpellier: De l’imprimerie de Jean-François Picot… 1783. 8vo, pp. (iv), 209. Modern quarter morocco and marbled sides. A fine and clean copy printed on very good, thick paper. £800 continued... 13

FIRST EDITION. “Chaptal (1756–1832) studied at the University of Montpellier and displayed so much talent that the authorities founded a chair of chemistry specially to enable him to teach in the school of medicine. The present work is an excellent summary of his lectures at Montpellier, instituted in 1781…” (Neville). Cole 268. Duveen p. 129. Neville I, p. 264.

22. CHISHOLM, C[olin]. An Essay on the Malignant Pestilential Fever introduced into the West Indian Islands from Boullam, on the coast of Guinea, as it appeared in 1793 and 1794. London: Printed for C. Dilly… 1795. 8vo, pp. xvi, 279. Title a little dust-soiled and with a library inscription at the top, a few spots here and there but a very good copy. Good modern half calf antique. £550 FIRST EDITION. G&M 5336.3: “Chisholm was apparently the first to observe the mode of transmission of the Guinea worm, Dracunculus medinensis”, which he found in the water supply and which differed from any animalculae hitherto described. He advanced the theory that the disease was carried from Africa to America by a slave ship, the Hankey. He was surgeon to the Ordnance in Grenada, and dedicates the book to naval and military personnel there, among whom the epidemic was rife. The substantial introduction gives an account of Grenada. See Watson, “Two British Naval Surgeons of the French Wars”, in Medical History, vol. XIII, no. 3, 1969.

23. COLLES, Abraham. A Treatise on Surgical Anatomy. Part the first [all published]. Dublin: Printed by N. Kelly for Gilbert & Hodges… 1811. 8vo, 4 leaves, 219 pages. Title-page creased and a bit soiled, some minor foxing and small marks. Contemporary half calf, nicely rebacked and recornered, spine with gilt centres and green morocco label. £900 SOLE EDITION. The first Irish work on surgical anatomy, and possibly the first Irish work on anatomy in general. Colles was resident surgeon to Dr. Steevens’ Hospital in Dublin. “Colles quickly became a masterly surgeon, being cool, dexterous, and resourceful. A number of his operations were significant advances. When he first tied the subclavian artery for aneurysm, the operation had been attempted only twice in England, and never in Ireland. He was the first man in Europe successfully to tie the innominate artery. In his Treatise on Surgical Anatomy (1811) he discussed the forms of hernia and various important surgical operations in a manner which showed his deep and accurate study developed over many years of daily dissections” (ODNB).

24. [COLLINS, — .] Practical Rules for the Management and Medical Treatment of Negro Slaves, in the sugar colonies. By a professional planter. London: Printed by J. Barfield… for Vernor, Hood, and Sharp…and Hatchard… 1811. 8vo, pp. iv, 400. Contemporary half calf, rebacked and recornered. Title slightly dust-soiled and with a neat library inscription, otherwise a clean copy. £400 Second edition (first, 1803). There are two parts to this book of advice for owners of slaves in the British sugar colonies. Part 1 deals with the general management of slaves. Part 2 deals with how to treat various illnesses and diseases that may affect them. There is an appendix at the end with lists of drugs, medical instruments, weights and measures, and prepared compositions. “Dr. Collins possessed in an extraordinary degree every possible qualification for such a work…for it is a treasury of exact information, and valuable advice…” (Stephen, The slavery of the British West India colonies delineated (1824), I, p. 433). However, the book was not a best seller, in fact Stephen remarks that “it cannot now easily be obtained from the booksellers”, because in describing the practices of the slaves and their drivers, Collins was obliged also to point out the abuses, and that was not well received. Both editions are indeed very scarce.

25. COOPER, Sir Astley [Paston]. A Treatise on Dislocations, and on Fractures of the Joints. Third edition. London: Published for the author, by Messrs. Longman... 1824. 4to, pp. (ii), viii, 2 leaves, pp. 522, and 33 plates with 37 leaves of explanation, engraved illustration on p. 517, slip with a printed note referring to p. 118 bound in at the end. Complete with the halftitle and stub on plate 30. Faint dampstain on last two plates. Contemporary calf (small repair to head of spine), a fine copy. £850 See G&M 4412.1 (first edition, 1822): “Through this and numerous subsequent editions this was the principal reference work on the subject in England and America for 30 years.” This great monograph “contains many superb illustrations which depict with great clarity and simplicity what they are intended to convey… Almost all the common fractures and dislocations are shown dissected and displayed, and much original research work is also illustrated” (Brock, Life and Work of Astley Cooper). Bick, Classics of Orthopaedics, 19 and 62 (first edition of 1822).

26. COOPER, Sir Astley [Paston]. Observations on the Structure and Diseases of the Testis. London: Printed by S. McDowall… and sold by Longman… 1830. 2 parts in 1 volume, large 4to, pp. (x), 1 leaf (sub-title to part 1), pp. (3)–55, 10 leaves, 1 leaf (blank), 1 leaf (sub-title to Part 2), pp. 245, (1), (2) blank, 14 leaves, and 24 fine hand-coloured lithographed plates (2 folding). Original drab boards (a little marked and worn at the corners), spine neatly repaired, uncut, a very clean and fresh copy. £900 FIRST EDITION. G&M 4166. This major, beautifully illustrated monograph on the testis ranks among Cooper's best works. “It is a comprehensive study of the normal anatomy of the testis, followed by a description of the pathology and treatment of its diseases. The care, patience and skill expended on the anatomical dissections can be appreciated by one glance at the illustrations… No one who wishes to study the details of the anatomy of the testis can afford to overlook Sir Astley Cooper’s dissertation” (Brock, The Life and Work of Astley Cooper, pp. 91–92.)

27. COOPER, Sir Astley [Paston]. The Anatomy of the Thymus Gland. London: Longman,... 1832. 4to, 3 leaves, 47 pages, 4 leaves, 5 lithographed plates (3 partly hand-coloured), ‘Appendix’ slip pasted to the verso of the preface. A few small marks in the text, plates lightly foxed and browned in the margins and dampstained in the upper inner corner. Original drab boards, neatly rebacked, uncut, printed paper label on upper cover. Corners a little worn, but a very good copy. Signature of Dr. Robert Lee (1793–1877, obstetric physician in London) on front free endpaper, followed by 4 pages of closely written notes, partly in shorthand acquired while a student in Edinburgh, on the thymus. £750 FIRST EDITION. G&M 1119: “Among his [Cooper’s] best works is his description of the thymus; he described the ‘reservoir’ of the thymus as lined by smooth mucous membrane and running spirally, not straight, through the gland.” He refuted the theory that the thymus filled the space in the foetal chest that would be taken up by the lungs upon their expansion with air at birth, but confirmed Glisson’s view that the thymus prepared a fluid for foetal nourishment and growth. See Medvei, A history of endocrinology, 176–177. Brock, The life and work of Astley Cooper, 93–95. Norman catalogue 512.

28. COURCELLES, David Cornelius de. Icones Musculorum Plantae Pedis eorumque Descriptio. Lugduni Batavorum [Leiden]: Apud Conradum Wishoff, et Georg. Jac. Wishoff, fil. Conrad. 1739. 4to, 2 leaves, 68 pages, and 7 fine engraved plates by R. Blokh from drawings by George Kennedy. Woodcut device on title and tailpiece on last page. Nineteenth century half morocco and red cloth continued... 15

sides, uncut edges. Library stamp on title and p. 1 and Wellcome cancellation stamp on verso of title. Bookplate of J. Colin Dagnall, the historian of chiropody. £700 FIRST EDITION of this scarce monograph on the anatomy of the foot, which is a continuation of Albinus's Historia Musculorum. The plates are particularly striking, and depict the successive layers of the musculature.

29. CROOKE, Helkiah. MIKPOKOΣMOΓPAΦIA. A Description of the Body of Man. Together with the controversies and figures thereto belonging. Collected and translated out of all the best authors of anatomy, especially out of Gasper Bauhinus, and Andreas Laurentius… Published by the Kings Maiesties especiall direction and warrant… [London:] Printed by W. Jaggard… 1616. Folio, 9 leaves, pp. 1111 [misprint for 1011], 1 leaf (“The Printer to the Reader”). Without the initial blank leaf. With two anatomical woodcuts on the title-page, woodcut headpieces and initials, and numerous anatomical woodcuts in the text. Title-page guarded in the inner margin and with a few small tears and edge defects expertly repaired, also a little soiled in the corners and with a small and very faint library stamp (repeated on the last page), paper very slightly browned in the margins and a few insignificant stains, but generally an excellent copy. Good modern mottled calf antique, sides panelled in blind with fleurons in gilt at the corners, spine with gilt centres and red morocco label. £4750 FIRST EDITION, second issue, of the first English language anatomical book written by a physician (rather than a surgeon), and the first book of its kind after that of Banister, a surgeon, in 1578. “The first comprehensive text-book in the Vesalian manner to be compiled by a British author in the new century was the Mikrocosmographia of Helkiah Crooke published in 1615. This excellent work was compiled from the work of André du Laurens, Capar Bauhin and others but the author acknowledges his debt to these men. The book was well illustrated, the plates being based both directly and indirectly on Vesalius, with some from Valverde; it was therefore popular, for six editions were needed to supply the demand… Whatever its shortcomings, the Microcosmographia’s place in history remains secure as ‘the largest and fullest anatomical work produced in England up to its day and for a considerable time to follow’ (O'Malley, 11)” (Russell, p. xxii). This issue is identical to the first apart from the title-page, which is dated 1615. Many copies lack the final leaf “The Printer to the Reader”, in which Jaggard explains that he intended to take his anatomical text from Paré, a surgeon, but found the present text to be superior. He says that his edition of Paré’s works is in preparation, although it was to be another eighteen years (1634) before it was published. The preface is addressed to the Worshipful Company of Barber-Surgeons. STC 6062.2. Russell 221.

Marie Curie’s Doctoral Thesis 30. CURIE, [Marie] Sklodowska. Recherches sur les Substances Radioactives. [Three papers in:] Annales de Chimie et de Physique, vol. XXX, pp. 99–144, 145–203, and 289–326. Paris: Masson et Cie,… Imprimerie Gauthier-Villars… [September– November] 1903. 8vo, 3 volumes in 1. Contemporary half calf by Oakley of Cambridge (spine with some marks and neatly repaired), red and green morocco labels on spine, and small paper shelf labels, original printed wrappers bound in. Bookplate of Sir William J. Pope, library stamp on titles and a few other pages. Three volumes (XXVIII–XXX) bound together are offered; the three papers by Madame Curie are contained in the third volume. £900 continued... 16

Second edition, in the same year as the first (but the first available edition), of Marie Curie’s doctoral thesis, which “offered a detailed critical presentation of her researches from 1897 to 1903, her most creative period, during which she had made the first measurement of radioactive radiation, demonstrated the radioactive properties of thorium, discovered polonium and radium, described the atomic nature of radioactivity, prepared pure radium chloride, determined the atomic weight of radium, observed ‘induced radioactivity’, characterized alpha-rays, demonstrated the negative charge of beta-rays, and developed the chemical aspects of radioactivity. The thesis includes a considerable amount of material published for the first time…” (Norman). The first edition of Curie’s thesis was published in late May or early June 1903, in a small number of copies, probably about a hundred. “The second edition…appeared in three instalments in the Annales de Chimie et de Physique, 7è série, 30 (1903), also published by Gauthier-Villars; it was customary for a thesis, when important, to be included in the next cahier of the Annales. This second edition was re-edited by Curie, who made printing corrections, deletions, and textual alterations, adding in all a full page of new material” (Norman). Printing and the Mind of Man 394a; Horblit 19; Dibner 164; Norman catalogue 543 (all citing the very rare first edition). Only the 1904 edition appears in auction records (although the Norman and Friedman copies of the first edition were sold in 1998 and 2001).

31. DAVID, [Jean Pierre]. Dissertation sur les effets du Mouvement et du Repos dans les Maladies Chirurgicales. Imprimé à Rouen, chez A.F. Viret: et se vend a Paris, Chez la Veuve Vaillat-La-Chapelle… 1779. 12mo, pp. xii, 164, (1) approbation. Contemporary blue marbled boards and sheep spine with black morocco label, red edges. Upper corners worn, otherwise a fine copy. £1200 FIRST EDITION of a classic and very rare work in orthopaedics, important for showing the effect of movement and of rest in the treatment of joint conditions. David concluded “that to bring about anchylosis — to effect the union of bones — rest was beneficial, action was injurious. On the other hand, if anchylosis were to be avoided, as in injuries to the elbow or knee joints, then the opposite practice must be pursued — that of action or movement” (Keith). Even after the work of Hilton in the nineteenth century, modern surgeons came to accept the work of David. David also described the various types of spinal deformity consequent to vertebral disease in the same year that Pott published his account. In fact David’s book includes a description of Pott’s disease, with post-mortem findings, better than Pott’s own. G&M 4303. Bick, Source Book, p. 80. Keith, Menders of the Maimed, pp. 34 and 189–191: “… his famous essay.” Valentin, Geschichte der Orthopädie, p. 64. This was the only edition in French and the only separate edition.

32. DIEMERBROECK, Isbrand van. Anatome Corporis Humani. Ultrajecti [Utrecht]: Sumptibus & typis Meinardi à Dreunen… 1672. 4to, 12 leaves (including the engraved title), pp. 963, (9), 13 folding engraved plates. Stain deep in the gutter of the first few leaves, pale stain in fore-edge margin of about 50 leaves. Contemporary mottled sheep (ends of spine restored, two cut marks on lower cover), later green morocco label. Two neat early ownership inscriptions on front free endpaper, early ownership inscription of Joseph Pake on rear free endpaper, bookplates of Piergiorgio Borio. £1100 FIRST EDITION of Diemerbroeck’s principal work, a truly good book with many original communications in the field of physiological anatomy and some interesting surgical observations (Hirsch, in translation). It includes descriptions of the circulatory and nervous systems, bones, teeth and eyes. The work is also noteworthy for containing a reference to asthma among stone cutters and the finding of stone in their lungs at autopsy. Diemerbroeck (1609–1674) was professor of anatomy and medicine at Utrecht.

Item 32, Diemerbroeck

33. DUDON, M[athieu]. Manuale dell’ Ortoiatro o l’ar te di curare i piedi contenente delle ricerche pratiche su le diverse escrescenze epidermiche conosciute sotto il nome di calli, durezze, lupinelli, ed i mezzi più facili per guarirle da se stesso. Coll’ aggiunta di particolari avvertimenti su i geloni… Terza edizione notabilmente accresciuta, in italiano ridotta da G.B. Carta. Milano: Presso gli Editori. 1825. 12mo, pp. 106, (2) index, folding lithographed frontispiece of instruments. Later vellum-backed marbled boards. Some foxing, but a very good copy. £280 FIRST EDITION IN ITALIAN (?) of an exceptionally rare and quite early treatise on chiropody, which, like so much of the early literature of that subject, was based on Laforest's L'art de soigner les pieds. The “Terza edizione” on the title-page is probably taken from the third French edition of 1824, and simply included in the translation. NUC records only two French editions, 1818 and 1824, and this Italian edition, all in one copy only.

34. DUHAMEL DU MONCEAU, [Henri Louis]. Moyens de Conserver la Santé aux Equipages des Vaissaux: avex la maniere de purifier l’air des salles des hôpitaux; et une courte description de l’Hôpital Saint Louis, à Paris. A Paris: Chez H.L. Guerin & L.F. Delatour… 1759. 12mo, pp. xvi, 252, 5 folding engraved plates. Contemporary red morocco, spine gilt in compartments with ruled latticework and green morocco label, sides with floriated borders, gilt edges, blue endpapers. Presentation copy, inscribed at the foot of the title “Presented to G.P. Ehret from the Author” followed by a signature which has been almost entirely cropped, and in another hand “Paris, March 6. 1765.” £850 FIRST EDITION. Duhamel du Monceau was inspector general of the French navy. In this book he deals with the diseases of a ship’s crew and the means of preventing them, hygienic conditions on board a ship, and nutritional advice. These include methods of renewing the air below decks, the preparation of an extract of lemons, and the preservation of fresh vegetables. Reference is made to Lind, Sutton, and Hales, whose books had been recently published. At the end is a description of the Hospital St. Louis in Paris, illustrated in plan and elevation on two of the plates. The recipient of this copy was probably George Phillip Ehret, M.D. (1741–1786), a surgeon of Watford, Hertfordshire, and son of the great botanical artist Georg Ehret.

35. Economy (The) of the Hands and Feet, Fingers and Toes. Which includes the prevention, treatment, and cure, of corns, bunnions, and deformed nails; the removal of excrescences... By an old army surgeon. Third edition, carefully revised, corrected, and enlarged. London: Published by Effingham Wilson… 1831. 12mo, pp. xx, 130, lithographed frontispiece. 36 pages of publisher’s adverts inserted at the end. Small piece torn from upper margin of preface leaf, otherwise a very good copy. Original blue printed decorative boards, edges rubbed, spine and tips of corners worn. Bookplates of J. Colin Dagnall, the historian of chiropody (see below), and F. Paul French. £150 Third edition, in the year following the first.

36. EISENBERG, John. Surgical and Practical Observations on the Diseases of the Human Foot: with instructions for their treatment. To which is added advice on the management of the hand. London: Henry Renshaw… 1845. 4to, 4 leaves, pp. (v)–xii, xiv, 252. Original brown cloth (a little soiled, rebacked, tips of corners worn), yellow endpapers, gilt edges. Bookplate of J. Colin Dagnall, the historian of chiropody (see below). £450 continued... 19

FIRST EDITION. The most handsome book on chiropody published to date. Printed in large, clear type and published in quarto format with gilt edges, this volume is one of the most impressive in the whole of the early literature of the subject. However, the contents do not follow its appearance, for “it contains interesting material and was a definite contribution to our literature, but unfortunately it also contained much rubbish” (J.C. Dagnall, “The history of chiropodial literature”, in The Chiropodist, 1965; also “Who wrote ‘Eisenberg on the diseases of the foot’?”, in The Chiropodist, vol. 41, 1986). Eisenberg appears to have been an Austrian émigré with a considerable practice in a fashionable part of London. The preface is in German.

37. FERGUSON, James. Lectures on Select Subjects in Mechanics, Hydrostatics, Pneumatics, and Optics: with the use of the globes, the art of dialing, and the calculation of the mean times of new and full moons and eclipses. London: A. Millar… 1760. 8vo, 4 leaves, 417 pages, 3 leaves, and 23 extending engraved plates by Mynde from drawings by the author. Contemporary speckled calf, spine gilt, red morocco label. Upper joint cracked but held by the cords, otherwise a fine copy. £600 FIRST EDITION of a book that became very successful and was for many years a standard work on mechanical science. Ferguson’s mechanical abilities contrived him to lecture to the Royal Society on astronomical instruments. He became an accomplished public lecturer and expounder of Newtonian principles. He was a skilled designer of clocks and planispheres, and his models of the planetary system were classics of engineering design whose accuracy far surpassed anything previously available.

38. FLOURENS, P[ierre]. Théorie Expérimentale de la Formation des Os. Paris: Chez J.-B. Baillière, 1847. 8vo, pp. viii, 164, 7 folding engraved plates of the structure of bones (1 partly hand-coloured). With the half-title, small signature dated 1862 and blind stamp on title. Some foxing. Original printed wrappers, uncut and unopened. £320 FIRST EDITION of Flourens’ second book on the subject of the formation of bone, in which he proposes and offers demonstrable proof of his theory of resorption, recounts his experiments using madder to dye bones, discusses earlier theories, and for the first time attempts the problem of the relation between between force and matter in the living body. Flourens had already demonstrated the rôle of the periosteum in the growth of bone.

39. FORSTER, Westgarth. A Treatise on a Section of the Strata, from Newcastle-uponTyne, to the mountain of Cross Fell, in Cumberland; with remarks on mineral veins in general. Also, tables of the strata, in Yorkshire, Derbyshire, &c. To which is added, a treatise on the discovery, the opening, and the working of lead mines; with the dressing and smelting of lead ores. Second edition, greatly enlarged… [Alston(?):] Printed, for the author, at the Geological Press, and sold by John Pattinson, Alston, Cumberland; sold also, by W. Baynes and Son…London; and by Thomas Bell, Newcastle-upon-Tyne. 1821. 8vo, pp. xii, x, (11)–422, xvi (Appendix), (18) index and list of subscribers, 11 engraved plates numbered 3–10 and 12–14 (including 10 folding and 4 hand-coloured), folding letterpress table. With 20 hand-coloured diagrams and sections of strata in the text. Modern boards as the original, uncut. Bound in at the beginning is a single-leaf printed advertisement for Forster’s Survey of the mining district of Northumberland… (apparently never published). Armorial bookplates of William Henry Brockett (1804–1857, merchant, author and newspaper proprietor of Gateshead); and of Edward Joicey, 1879 (also of Gateshead, colliery owner). £800 continued... 20

Second edition, greatly enlarged from the first which contained only 156 pages. One of the first English books to illustrate geological strata by the use of a section. “The convenient method of showing graphically a stratigraphical succession by a geological column was already in use at the end of the eighteenth century… Westgarth Forster’s book…is notable for a very long column, some 5½ feet long altogether, which is shown in portions and comprising a total thickness of strata of ‘1345 yd. 0 ft., 10 in.’ ” (Challinor, p. 93). The work is divided into three parts: on the strata of coal, on mineral veins in general, and on the discovery of mines, which includes lists of mines, lists of smelting houses, heights of principal mountains, etc. “Though the book was written when the science of geology was in its initial stage; when even people of education recognised no distinction between one kind of rock and another; when such terms as stratified and unstratified, aqueous and igneous, seldom appeared in print, and were scarcely ever heard; when the great works of Buckland, De la Beche, Phillips, Lyell, Murchison, Sedgwick, and other geologists had not yet appeared, the classification of the strata which it contains is the one still in use” (preface to the third edition of 1883). Hoover 318 (also the second edition).

40. FOURCROY, [Antoine François] de, and [Jean Jacques] DELAPORTE. Analyse Chimique de l’Eau Sulfureuse d’Enghien, pour servir a l’histoire des eaux sulfureuses en général. A Paris: Chez Cuchet… 1788. 8vo, 2 leaves, pp. (vii)–xx, 385, (1). Half-title, woodcut head- and tailpiece. Contemporary sheepbacked boards, flat spine gilt with red and green morocco labels, also a white ownership label and paper shelf label (joints cracked but still firm, head of spine worn). Calligraphic stamp of Dr. Ch. Mayor on title. £350 FIRST EDITION. At the behest of the Faculty of Medicine, and “with the collaboration of Delaporte (of the Royal Society of Medicine) Fourcroy made very detailed analyses of the waters of Enghien, in the valley of Montmorency, and a large quantity was brought to Paris for further study. A full account of these waters was read by Fourcroy at ten successive meetings of the society and subsequently published in the present book… A balneological and analytical chemical classic, which is ‘entirely chemical in content’ (Duveen)” (Neville). As a result of this analysis the waters were recommended for various ailments, and Enghien developed into a fashionable resort. The book includes two further studies, on the waters of Vaugirard and of Saint-Germain-en-Laye (by Chappon), and bound in after this copy is the earlier 24-page analysis (Rapport fait par…la Faculté de Médecine. Pour l’Examen des Eaux d’Enghien…”) published in 1785, as a result of which sulphur was found to be present, and the waters were put on sale or distributed free to the poor. Cole 486. Duveen p. 225. Neville I, p. 474. Smeaton, Fourcroy, pp. 21–22 and 115–117 for a full account of these two works; bibliography no. 30.

41. FOURCROY, [Antoine François] de. Élémens d’Histoire Naturelle et de Chimie. Cinquième édition. A Paris: Chez Cuchet… 1793. 5 volumes, 8vo, with the half-titles and final errata leaf in vol. 5, and 10 folding letterpress tables (numbered 1–9 and one unnumbered at p. 201), some printed on thick paper and one on blue paper. Some foxing but mostly quite minor. Contemporary mottled sheep, flat spines gilt with two green morocco labels. Heads of two spines worn, but a nice set. £450 Fifth edition of Fourcroy’s first major publication. It is a résumé of the course of seventy lectures that he gave each winter in his laboratory and contains a comprehensive account of all parts of chemistry, including recent work on gases. Fourcroy also included sections concerned with the analysis of animal fluids and solids and their application to medicine. By the time of this edition Fourcroy had adopted Lavoisier’s theories completely — in the preliminary discourse to the second edition of 1786 he had renounced the phlogiston theory. continued... 21

Neville I, p. 467 (Smeaton’s B issue). Partington III, p. 537.I. Smeaton, Fourcroy, pp. 8, 96–98 and 177–180; bibliography no. 6A. This issue has preliminary pages numbered to xxxii in vol. 1, with the correct catchword at the end.

42. FOURCROY, [Antoine François] de. Elements of Chemistry, and Natural History. To which is prefixed The Philosophy of Chemistry. Translated from the fourth and last edition of the original French work, by R. Heron. London: Printed for J. Murray and S. Highley…and G. Mudie and Son, Edinburgh. 1796. 4 volumes, 8vo, with 10 folding letterpress tables in vol. 4 (no. IX bound in vol. 3), but lacking the contents leaves for vol. 1 and vol. 4 (see below). Contemporary calf mottled with green by C. Hering with his ticket, flat spines gilt with red morocco labels for titles and volume numbers, sides with double gilt fillet, inner gilt dentelles, marbled endpapers. Two joints and two heads of spines very neatly repaired, some surface loss on lower cover of vol. 3, a few other small abrasions, but a very attractive set. Engraved bookplate of William Downes on front pastedowns. £500 Fourth edition in English, Heron’s second translation of Fourcroy’s lectures on chemistry and natural history, but this time done from the fourth French edition with Fourcroy’s final text (Heron’s earlier translation of 1790 was from the third edition). To this edition Heron added notes, and a new translation of the Philosophie chimique. The contents leaves for vols. 1 and 4 were printed on different paper to the rest of the preliminaries, and were possibly an afterthought. At least one copy located by Cole also lacks the contents leaves for vol. 4. Cole 466. Neville I, pp. 467–478. Partington III, p. 537, IA. Smeaton, Fourcroy, pp. 8, 96–98 and 177–180; bibliography no. 13.

43. FOURCROY, [Antoine François] de. Mémoires et Observations de Chimie… Pour servir de suite aux Élemens de Chimie, publiés en 1782, par l’auteur. A Paris: Chez Cuchet, rue & hôtel Serpente. 1784. 8vo, pp. xvi, 447, (1), 3 engraved plates. Contemporary mottled sheep, spine gilt in compartments with red morocco label, red edges, marbled endpapers (ends of spine and tips of corners worn). Contemporary repair to blank upper corner of B8 and C8, some mild foxing. Signature of D. Plonquet on title. £450 FIRST EDITION. A collection of 27 chemical memoirs, including many which were read to the Académie Royale des Sciences but not previously published. They begin with an interesting essay on the art of performing chemical research, which, according to Smeaton, could be read with profit by anyone starting chemical research today. The other memoirs include reports on the action of alkalis on iron salts, two papers on the analysis of marsh gas, accounts of the detonation of various substances with nitre, the preparation of pure alkalis, a new blowpipe using oxygen, and several compounds of antimony and arsenic. There are also discussions of various chemical theories, including combustion and calcination, the cause of deliquescence and efflorescence, and the representation of chemical affinity by numbers. Cole 468. Duveen p. 225. Partington III, p. 537, II. Smeaton, Fourcroy, pp. 31–33; bibliography no. 20, with a full list of the memoirs. This was the only French edition.

44.

Best Early English Herbal With an Early Bookseller’s Guarantee GERARD, John. The Herball or General Historie of Plantes. Gathered by John Gerarde of London Master in Chirurgerie. Very much enlarged and Amended by Thomas Johnson Citizen and Apothecarye of London. London: Printed by Adam Islip, Joice Norton and Richard Whitakers, 1636. continued... 22

Item 44, Gerard

Folio, 19 leaves, 1630 pages, 1 leaf of woodcuts, 23 leaves (indexes), 1 leaf (blank). Without the first blank leaf (as usual). Engraved title-page, woodcut initials and headpieces, and 2766 woodcuts in the text. Contemporary calf, rebacked (unlettered) and corners repaired, one corner bumped and a few small holes in the leather, but a fine, crisp and noisy copy of a book which is now frequently found in poor condition or incomplete. £4800 Third and most complete edition of this most popular and comprehensive of the early English herbals. See G&M 1820 (first edition of 1597). Gerard’s was “the best-known and most often quoted herbal in the English language. Its lasting repute is due not so much to its originality and accuracy, which are ofttimes questionable, as to its entertaining Elizabethan descriptive style, its interspersed anecdotes and comments, and antique remedies, and its woodcuts” (DSB). The apothecary Thomas Johnson was commissioned to revise Gerard’s original book within one year, a task he accomplished with marked success, adding a balanced and comprehensive historical introduction, and a set of 2766 woodcuts, several hundred more than previously. His revised edition appeared in 1633, and this third edition three years later. “The care bestowed by Johnson in correcting what Raven calls ‘the errors of Gerard’s book, the misplaced pictures, the confused species, the blunders of fact’ and in adding much new material made his edition…a popular and standard work, which proved of especial value in promoting the study of the British flora well into the eighteenth century” (DSB). On the front pastedown of this copy is written an early bookseller’s guarantee: “March ye 17th 1669. sould this Gerards herball ffor four pounds which if yt there be any faults in it or it be imperfect i do promise to make It good Witness my hand Tho, Williams.” The same holds true now. STC 11752. Raven, English naturalists from Neckam to Ray, 204–217. Arber, Herbals, 129–135. Henrey, I, 36–54. Nissen 698. Pritzel 3282. This was the last contemporary edition.

45.

Large Paper Copy GIFFARD, William. Cases in Midwifry. Revis’d and publish’d by Edward Hody. London: Printed for B. Motte…and T. Wotton... 1734. 4to, pp. xxxii, 520, 3 engraved plates (1 folding) by Andrew Motte, translator of Newton’s Principia and brother of the printer Benjamin Motte. Contemporary calf, spine richly gilt in compartments (small repairs to spine and corners), new red morocco label. Title-page and last page and plate a little creased and soiled, but generally a fine and clean copy. Early inscription on front endpaper. £1900 FIRST EDITION, rare large paper copy. G&M 6156.3. “Giffard was one of the first, after the Chamberlens, to use the forceps, which he called an ‘extractor’, the first case in which he used the instrument occurring on April 20th, 1726. This is the earliest record of the use of the forceps” (Spencer). His forceps, and Freke’s improved version, are illustrated on the first plate, which is the earliest illustration of the forceps. Giffard’s book contains reports of 225 cases, “carefully described, after the manner of Mauriceau and Smellie, and the work is of interest, not only for the early use of the forceps,…but also for his method of delivering the after-coming head in breech cases [the Smellie manoeuvre], which long preceded Smellie…” (Spencer). Giffard also described the Ritgen manoeuvre almost a century before Ritgen, and a case of ectopic gestation. The illustration on plate 2 is the first known example of this latter condition. Giffard is considered the first English obstetrician to publish substantial contributions to clinical midwifery. See Speert pp. 577–578; Spencer, The History of British Midwifery, pp. 18–22; and Radcliffe, Milestones in Midwifery, pp. 33–34. This book is usually found in octavo format, but a few copies are known printed on large paper in quarto format, as in the present copy. However, this copy in gathered in 4s, whereas other large paper copies seen have been gathered in 8s, as the octavo is. The collation for both is the same, but in this issue the name of J. Nourse is omitted from the imprint. All three plates are normally folding, but in this copy only one is, on account of the larger format.

46. GRANDI, Guido. Instituzioni Meccaniche Trattato. In Venezia: Presso Gio: Battista Recurti. 1750. 8vo, pp. viii, 160, and 20 folding and stilted engraved plates with numerous figures. Title printed in red and black with woodcut vignette. Some light foxing. Contemporary vellum (lower cover slightly warped). £900 Second edition (with the same collation as the first of 1739) of Grandi’s treatise on mechanics, which stemmed from his contributions to the collected works of Galileo. The ten chapters are on uniform movement, the movement of any kind of force, the centre of gravity, motion composed of more uniform motion, and machines that facilitate motion. These are followed by two chapters on accelerated and retarded motions, and finally percussion, the pendulum, and the resistance of solids. See Roberts & Trent, Bibliotheca mechanica, p. 144 (1739 edition).

47.

Gray's Anatomy GRAY, Henry. Anatomy Descriptive and Surgical. The drawings by H.V. Carter, M.D. The dissections jointly by the author and Dr. Carter. London: John W. Parker and Son, 1858. 8vo, pp. xxxii, 750, (2), with 363 text illustrations. Including the half-title and final advertisement leaf. Original brown pebble-grain cloth and chalk-glaze endpapers (joints and ends of spine very carefully repaired, edges rubbed, lower corners a little worn). Pale brown stain in lower corner almost throughout, some slight finger-soiling, but generally an excellent copy. Signature of R. Sherwood on front free endpaper. £3800 FIRST EDITION. G&M 418. The most famous textbook of anatomy in the English-speaking world. “Gray's anatomy”, as it is familiarly known, has been the standard work for over a century. It is comprehensive, logically arranged and very well illustrated. “The work was superior to other treatises on anatomy in three areas — the lucid and logical arrangement of a mass of detailed description; clear new drawings based on dissections by the surgeon-author and the artist, a physician; and sections on the surgical anatomy of defined areas, such as the axilla, the elbow, the popliteal space, the perineum, and the laryngotracheal region. Even today, the book is considered a standard reference on anatomy…” (Lilly). Lilly, Notable Medical Books, 211. Grolier One Hundred (Medicine) 68.

48. GUGLIELMINI, Domenico. Aquarum Fluentium Mensura Nova Methodo Inquisita. Bononiae [Bologna]: ex Typographia Pisariana. 1690. [Bound with:] Aquarum Fluentium Mensura, Nova Methodo Inquisita. Pars Altera. Bononiae [Bologna]: ex Typographia Pisariana. 1691. 2 works in 1 volume, 4to, pp. (viii), 59, (1); (iv), 90, (2) blank, and 8 folding engraved plates (unnumbered but with 55 numbered figures, 1–32 for Part 1, 33–55 for Part 2). Contemporary vellum over boards, lettered in manuscript on spine. Small (3 cm.) hole in spine and vellum worn along upper edge of upper board, but a nice copy. Provenance: Bartolommeo Nappini, 1691, Rome, with his inscription (crossed through) on flyleaf; acquired in Rome by Richard Short, MB, (Licentiate of the College of Physicians in 1696 and a noted London practitioner) with his inscription on the title-page; the Earl of Macclesfield, with the South Library bookplate and blind stamp on the first two leaves. £1600 FIRST EDITIONS. “The six books of Guglielmini’s work on hydrostatics appear here in their entirety. According to the author, this text presents an entirely new method of measuring flowing water. “Book one sets forth a general doctrine concerning velocity; the second sets forth the measure of water flow in a single inclined canal; the third concerns the measure of water flow in a horizontal canal, either alone or joined with another horizontal. Book four concerns the measure of flowing water in an inclined canal joined in any manner whatsoever. Book five considers horizontal, vertical, and inclined canals. Book six concerns the fundamentals of the proportional distribution of water from aqueducts, or canals and reservoirs. continued... 26

“An appendix [the Pars Altera] contains a table with examples of its use in measuring flow in an inclined canal, in a horizontal canal, and in canals joined in any manner whatsoever after the rule in book four” (Roberts & Trent). Domenico Guglielmini (1655–1710), professor of mathematics at the university of Bologna and general superintendent of the Bologna waterworks, “is considered by some to have been the actual founder of the Italian hydraulics school” (Rouse & Ince). The present was his first book, and was followed in 1697 by his major work on the nature of rivers. Rouse & Ince, History of hydraulics, pp. 68–71. Roberts & Trent, Bibliotheca Mechanica, p. 151.

Chlorine as a Disinfectant 49. GUYTON DE MORVEAU, Louis Bernard. Traité des Moyens de Désinfecter l’Air, de prévenir la contagion, et d’en arrêter les progrès. A Paris: Chez Bernard… An IX. — 1801. 8vo, pp. xxxii, 304. Without any advertisements (see below). Contemporary calf, spine with gilt centres and red morocco label, marbled endpapers. Some very minor foxing, a few small marks and scuffs on the binding, but a very good copy. Signature of Auguste Blandin on the verso of the half-title. £450 FIRST EDITION. Guyton did important pioneering research on the disinfection of air, having been consulted about the problem of putrid emanations from corpses in the crypt of a church in Dijon. Believing that the decaying flesh gave off both ammonia and the disease-carrying particles, he first used hydrochloric acid fumes, while in England Sir James Carmichael Smyth independently used nitric acid fumes. Guyton subsequently made the investigations described in this book, and then used chlorine, which he found to be an effective disinfectant. A simple apparatus for producing chlorine from common salt was also described in this book, which was translated into five languages. For this service to humanity he was admitted to the Legion of Honour in 1805, while in England Smyth was awarded a grant of £5000. DSB V, p. 603. Cole 573. Duveen p. 276. Neville I, pp. 562–563. The collation of this copy agrees with Cole (the author’s copy), and does not have any advertisements at the end; some copies (e.g. Neville) have 306 pages, the extra leaf being a singleton, V1, advertising Guyton’s books, while others (e.g. Duveen and Wellcome) have 304 pages and an additional 8 pages of adverts at the end.

50. HALES, Rev. Stephen. Philosophical Experiments: containing useful, and necessary instructions for such as undertake long voyages at sea. Shewing how sea-water may be made fresh and wholesome: and how fresh-water may be preserv’d sweet. How biscuit, corn, &c. may be secured from the weevel, meggots, and other insects. And flesh preserv’d in hot climates, by salting animals whole. To which is added, an account of several experiments and observations on Chalybeate or steel-waters… Likewise a proposal for cleansing away mud, &c. out of rivers, harbours, and reservoirs. Which were read before the Royal-Society, at several of their meetings. London: Printed for W. Innys and R. Manby…and T. Woodward… 1739. 8vo, 2 leaves, pp. xxx, 1 leaf (errata), pp. 163, 3 leaves (index), 1 engraved plate. Half-title. In this copy the final advertisement leaf M6 has been cancelled and replaced with Innys & Manby’s 16page catalogue dated 1738. Contemporary panelled calf, spine gilt in compartments (compartment below the label with a defunct volume number), brown morocco label. Upper joint rubbed but a fine copy. £850 FIRST EDITION. The experiments that Hales describes in this book are principally concerned with the health and welfare of sailors, and how the food and water on a ship, which on a long voyage were notoriously bad, may be preserved in an edible state. Hales also published a proposal for improving the ventilation on board ships. Neville I, p. 576.

51.

HOLTZAPFFEL, Charles. Turning and Mechanical Manipulation. Intended as a work of general reference and practical instruction, on the lathe, and the various mechanical pursuits followed by amateurs. London: Published for the author, by Holtzapffel & Co… 1843 (–1884). 5 volumes, 8vo. Volume 1: pp. xiv (including the initial blank), (ii), 462, (4) adverts, + 3 leaves of adverts; volume 2: pp. xx (including the initial blank), (457)–1025, (2) adverts, + 4 leaves of adverts; volume 3: (ii) blank, viii, (v), (1026)–1477, + 7 leaves of adverts; volume 4: pp. xix, (i), 592, (12) adverts, and 22 plates; volume 5: pp. xxi, (i), 652, (6) adverts, and 56 plates (3 folding). With more than 2500 text illustrations. Half-titles. Original brown ribbed cloth, sides panelled and stamped in blind, yellow endpapers, uncut. Some foxing on endpapers and first and last page of later volumes, foot of one spine and head of another worn, cracks in outer joints of volume 2, a few tiny tears at ends of spines, otherwise a fine and very clean set in its original binding. Bookplates of Peter B. Chaplin. £800 FIRST EDITIONS (but second printing of volume 3) of the greatest work in English on the lathe and its accessory apparatus. Charles Holtzapffel (1806–1847), mechanical engineer and technical writer, was the son of a German immigrant, John Jacob Holtzapffel, who, in 1787, settled in London as a tool and lathe maker. In addition to a thorough training in workshop practice, Holtzapffel received a good general education and became a skilled mechanical engineer. His principal work, Turning and mechanical manipulation, was designed to fill five volumes, but he completed only three; the final two volumes were finished by his son, John J. Holtzapffel who proposed to complete the work in six volumes, but the sixth never appeared. The work was published by the family business of Holtzapffel & Co., 64 Charing Cross Road, London, which made lathes and other machines and tools. (ODNB). See Sinkankas 3008–3010, with details of the printing history. “The sheer quantity of eminently useful information and advice contained in these…volumes makes…[them] veritable gold-mines of Victorian mechanical expertise with much of the matter as useful today as it was then. Full sets, or for that matter, individual volumes, are highly prized and almost impossible to obtain.” Most sets are of mixed editions or incomplete.

52.

HUBIN, — . Machines nouvellement executées et en partie inventées par le sieur Hubin… Premiere partie, ou se trouvent une clepsydre, deux zymosimetres, un peze-liqueur, & un thermometre. Avec plusieurs observations faites à Orleans, sur les qualités de l'air, & particulierement sur sa pesanteur. A Paris: Chez Jean Cusson…et l’auteur… 1673. 4to, pp. (iv), 23. With a full-page engraving (shaved at foot) on p. (iv). Good modern quarter calf antique. £1200 FIRST EDITION of a rare and important pamphlet describing five instruments, a clepsydre (water clock), a hydrometer, a thermometer, and two sorts of zymosimeters, an instrument invented by Swammerdam to measure fermentation. As well as the descriptions of these instruments, Hubin reports on observations made at Orléans on the quality of the air and on the measurement of pressure with simple and double barometers at a height of 50 toises. In 1686 Hooke presented a several-liquid barometer by Hubin to the Royal Society, declaring that he, Hooke, was the real inventor. The instrument in question was a Huygens barometer, constructed, as Molyneux pointed out to Halley a few weeks later, by Hubin. Hubin was of English origin and one of the first to make barometers and thermometers on a commercial scale. By 1673 he was already settled in Paris and was considered to be one of the best makers of barometers. He also sold thermometers, hygrometers, and hydrometers for measuring, among other fluids, alcohol. In 1678 Gallon remarked that Hubin was the only vendor of pneumatic instruments (Huygens, Correspondence, 2147a). Rare: COPAC and OCLC record half a dozen copies between them. Daumas, Scientific instruments, p. 81.

Item 52, Hubin

53. HUMBOLDT, Alexander von. Kosmos. Entwurf einer physischen Weltbescreibung. Stuttgart und Tübingen: J.G. Cotta'scher Verlag, 1845 [–1862]. [And:] Atlas zu Alex. v. Humboldt's Kosmos, in zweiundvierzig Tafeln mit erläuterndem Texte. Herausgegeben von Traugott Bromme. Stuttgart: Verlag von Krais & Hoffmann, [1851]. 5 volumes 8vo (text), and atlas in oblong 4to; over 3600 text pages; atlas: 2 leaves + 136 pages, and 42 plates (mostly hand-coloured or chromolithographed thematic maps). Text volumes: some very light foxing; bound in the original blindstamped mauve cloth, spines stamped in gilt (but now dull), spines faded, endpapers a little dust-soiled, one rear endpaper with pencilled notes, a few inner hinges loose. Atlas: bound in the original brown blindstamped cloth with brown morocco spine (foot of spine a little rubbed). £1250 FIRST EDITION, complete and in the original bindings, of the book which Humboldt considered to be his life’s work. It contains a complete survey of the physical sciences and their relation to each other. In Humboldt’s own words, it intended “to represent in one work the whole material world, everything we know today of the phenomena of the celestial spaces and of life on earth.” Because of the rapidly increasing growth in scientific knowledge later in the nineteenth century, this was the last time that such a survey could be undertaken by one man, or perhaps even by one book. The book “gave a strong impetus to scientific exploration throughout the nineteenth century, inspiring, for example, the voyage of the Beagle, with Darwin aboard as the ship’s naturalist…” (Downs). Humboldt died before completing the fifth and final volume containing the index and bibliography. Nevertheless the index was prepared according to his specifications, and he credited each contemporary to whom he felt indebted. The work cites over 9,000 sources and is thus an important reference for the history of science. Because the index appeared four years after volume 4, many sets of the first edition lack the important final volume. This set is accompanied by the 4-volume Briefe über Alexander von Humboldt’s Kosmos (Leipzig, 1848–1859), in original cloth bindings (one loose) matching the text of Kosmos. Printing and the Mind of Man 320. Downs, Landmarks in science (1982), 49.

First Modern Book on Dentition 54. HURLOCK, Joseph. A practical treatise upon dentition; or, the breeding of the teeth in children: wherein the causes of the acute symptoms arising in that dangerous period are enquired into... London: printed for the author,... 1742. 8vo, pp. xxiv, 285, 3 leaves. Contemporary mottled calf (upper joint and ends of spine neatly restored), red morocco label on spine. A very fine, fresh copy. Presentation copy from the author’s son, inscribed on the front endpaper “To Sir William Bishop from the Author’s Son Peter Hurlock”, and with the signature of William Bishop of Maidstone on the title. £6800 FIRST EDITION. G&M 3672. The first book on dentition of modern times (that is, since Hippocrates), and only the second book in English on dentistry (the first was Charles Allen’s The operator for the teeth, 1685, of which Wing records 4 copies of 3 editions). “As far as English dental literature is concerned, it began with Joseph Hurlock in 1742. Hurlock was a strong advocate of lancing the gums of infants to permit teeth to erupt more readily and thus prevent convulsions. His treatise was a plea for parents and nurses to allow him to carry out this procedure. Hurlock apparently was a keen observer of dental conditions then found in children, noticing that the havoc wrought by caries in the deciduous teeth was undoubtedly due to diet, and recommended that such youngsters be sent to the country where fresh air and better food could be obtained” (Weinberger, Introduction to the history of dentistry, p. 330). Still, History of paediatrics, pp. 360–364. While reasonably widely held in institutional libraries, Hurlock’s book is one of the great rarities of dental literature, and copies very seldom appear for sale.

The Second Iron Bridge 55. IRON BRIDGE, at Sunderland, in the county of Durham. [No printer, publisher or date; Newcastle upon Tyne?, 1796.] Broadside, 1 leaf, folio (33.5 x 20.5 cms.), with a woodcut figure. Slight creasing, but a very good copy. Unbound as issued. £1200 Broadside celebrating the construction and opening of the second large iron bridge in Britain, the Wearmouth bridge in Sunderland. It was the second iron bridge built, after the famous span at Ironbridge, but was over twice as long with a nominal span of 240 feet, and only three-quarters the weight. In fact at the time of building it was the largest single-span bridge in the world. It opened to traffic on 9th August 1796. The bridge was designed by Rowland Burdon (1756–1838) and built by Thomas Wilson (1751– 1820) to span the river Wear and improve Sunderland’s connection to Newcastle. It consisted of a single-arch span of 236 feet, and the structure comprised six ribs each made up of 105 individual castings five feet deep, on the principles of a stone arch. The bridge deck was 100 feet above river level, and the spandrels were filled with cast circles of iron, diminishing in radius towards the centre of the span. Burdon patented his invention in 1795, defining the use of cast iron blocks with ‘wrought- or cast-iron braces being affixed to their sides and passing horizontally between the ribs’. The text of the broadside is in two parts: the first is a technical description of the bridge’s construction, with a woodcut of the cast-iron blocks, and the second is the text of the opening ceremony. The bridge utilised some of the materials from a model made by Thomas Paine (1737–1809), the political pamphleteer and promoter of iron bridges, from a model that he had made that was intended for a bridge in Philadelphia. Exceedingly rare, one other copy having being located (recorded by COPAC at Durham).

56. JENNER, Edward. An Inquiry into the Causes and Effects of the Variolae Vaccinae, a disease discovered in some of the western counties of England, particularly Gloucestershire, and known by the name of the Cow Pox. The third edition. London: Printed for the author, by D.N. Shury… 1801. continued... 30

4to, pp. vii, 182, (2) blank, and 4 hand-coloured stipple-engraved plates. Half-title. Nineteenth century vellum-backed marbled boards, uncut. Evidence of a signature removed from a binder’s leaf and upper corner of the half-title, faint traces of a bookplate removed, single small wormhole in fore-edge margin throughout, some small marks but a very good copy. £3200 Third and last edition of the Inquiry to be printed for the author. See G&M 5423: the discovery of vaccination and the foundation of modern immunology. This edition is desirable for containing the Further Observations on the Variolae Vaccinae and the Continuation of the Facts and Observations relative to the Variolae Vaccinae, which appeared separately in 1799 and 1800 respectively. In the Further Observations Jenner included facts which had come to light since the publication of the Inquiry, in particular the difference between true and spurious cowpox. He also warned against taking the vaccine matter too late (this was confirmed a century later when it was shown that viruses have a maximal period of multiplication). The Continuation was a vindication of his conclusions against William Woodville’s ambivalent evidence. Together these three monographs contain Jenner’s seminal contribution to vaccination. LeFanu 25. See also PMM 250; Lilly, Notable Medical Books, 151, Grolier One Hundred (Medicine), 53, etc.

Presentation Copy 57. JENNER, Edward. On the Varieties and Modifications of The Vaccine Pustule, occasioned by an herpetic state of the skin. Cheltenham: Printed by H. Ruff, HighStreet. 1806. 4to, 13 pages. Title and last page dust-soiled. Later blue sugar-paper wrappers, blue cloth spine. Presentation copy, inscribed at the top of the title, “From the Author”. £3800 FIRST SEPARATE EDITION, second issue. “Jenner recognized herpes, which produces its own confusing ‘spurious pustules’, to be a primary inhibitor of the vaccine virus, and cautioned medical practitioners to be especially careful when vaccinating people with skin diseases” (Norman). This was his first public recognition of certain failures of vaccination, and he advocated re-inoculation. “Jenner insisted that the vaccinator must have particular knowledge of the variolous and vaccine viruses, which often interfere with each other, and an intimate acquaintance with the character of the true and genuine vaccine pustule” (LeFanu, P. 81). This paper and his Facts…respecting Variolous Contagion (1808) were Jenner’s only two separate publications on clinical vaccination after the three works comprising the complete Inquiry (not counting the 1-page Instructions for Vaccine Inoculation and the 2-page Circular Letter). Lefanu 98[81]. This paper was first printed as “On the Effects of Cutaneous Eruptions” in the Medical and Physical Journal in 1804. This separate edition is very rare: COPAC lists 5 copies. The second issue has an asterisk and a footnote on page 11, which are absent in the first. It was reprinted in Gloucester in 1819. Norman catalogue 1171.

Jenner's Just Rewards 58. JENNER, Rev. G.C. The Evidence at Large, as laid before the Committee of the House of Commons, respecting Dr. Jenner's discovery of Vaccine Inoculation; together with the debate which followed; and some observations on the contravening evidence, &c. London: Published by J. Murray...and W. Dwyer... 1805. 8vo, pp. xxvii, 213, 1 leaf (errata). Original boards, uncut (upper joint cracked and slight wear to ends of spine). A few very thin wormtracks in the margins, first few leaves a little browned, but a very fine and fresh copy. Presentation copy, inscribed at the top of the half-title “Mr. Hands From the Author”, and with J.C. Hands’s signature dated 1806 on the front pastedown. £2800 continued... 31

FIRST EDITION. Edited by Jenner’s nephew George, the Evidence is an important document in the history of vaccination. Jenner had petitioned Parliament on 17th March 1802 for recognition of his claim to the discovery of vaccination and for remuneration for the time he had spent on it. A special committee was appointed to consider the medical evidence, whose findings are reported in this book. Jenner was granted £10,000 in recognition of his expenses and achievements. “Addington, the Prime Minister, stated that the king recommended the petition, and it was referred to a committee which was to report on the usefulness of the discovery, Jenner’s right to be considered the discoverer, and the advantage he had derived from it. The committee took much evidence, the most important, after that of Jenner himself, being that of Dr. Matthew Baillie, who, after expressing his opinion as to the efficacy of vaccination, said: ‘If Dr. Jenner had not chosen openly and honourably to explain to the public all he knew upon the subject, he might have acquired a considerable fortune. In my opinion it is the most important discovery ever made in medicine’ ” (DNB). George Jenner, a qualified MD, was himself extremely active in vaccination, vaccinating 5000 people before 1805. LeFanu 86 [69]. The recipient of this copy, J.C. Hands, was evidently well known to Edward Jenner as at least one other of his printed works, inscribed in the same words, is known (see LeFanu, p. 99).

59. KLAPROTH, Martin Heinrich, and Friedrich Benjamin WOLFF. Dictionnaire de Chimie. Traduit de l’allemand, avec des notes, par E.J.B. Bouillon-Lagrange…et par H.A. Vogel… A Paris: Chez Klostermann fils… 1810 [–1811]. 4 volumes, 8vo, pp. viii, 494, engraved frontispiece portrait and 7 engraved plates; 2 leaves, 542 pages; 2 leaves, 512 pages, 1 engraved plate; 2 leaves, 569 pages. Half-titles. Some foxing, mostly very mild. Contemporary marbled boards and sheep spines, spines ruled and lettered in gilt (upper joint of vol. 4 cracked and head of spine worn, very slight chips in heads of two other spines). Purchase note of Ferdinand Negri on half-title of vol. 1, with note that the book contains interesting articles on arts and trades; bookplates of Franz Sondheimer. £600 FIRST EDITION IN FRENCH of “the first German chemical dictionary” (Sotheran, Second Supp., 11215), originally published in Berlin in 1807–1810. “Klaproth was the foremost supporter of Lavoisier’s antiphlogistic theory in Germany, and in addition to his classic researches in analytical chemistry, he wrote an excellent chemical dictionary… The translators added valuable notes and state in their preface that all the important advances in chemistry since the beginnings of the science have been included. Detailed quantitative analytical data on chemical compounds and minerals, as well as the latest theories, are presented” (Neville). Cole 729. Neville I, p. 732.

60. LA MÉTHERIE, [Jean Claude] de. Essai Analytique sur l’Air pur, et les différentes Espèces d’Air. A Paris: Rue et Hotel Serpente, 1785. 8vo, 3 leaves, pp. 474, (2) approbation. Several gatherings printed on pale blue paper, cancel leaves C2 and P2 bound after Gg3 (the original leaves are uncancelled and still in place). Contemporary sheep-backed boards, spine ruled in gilt and with brown morocco label. Small wormhole in upper joint and some small wormholes in margins of last few leaves and endpapers, otherwise a very good copy. Old library stamp and prize inscription to one Cassé with his signature and a Revolutionary date on front endpapers. £800 FIRST EDITION. La Métherie (1743–1817), an inveterate opponent of Lavoisier’s theories, was chief editor of the famous Journal de Physique from 1785 until the year of his death. He wrote a number of important works on mineralogy and was a friend to many of the leading scientists of his time, especially Cuvier. In this work, La Métherie stated that “all combustibles (including perhaps diamond) contain inflammable air, which he identified with phlogiston and thought it is contained in metals… continued... 32

He called oxygen ‘pure air’ and nitrogen (phlogisticated air) ‘impure air’. Pure air consists of vesicles inflated by the principle of heat. Nitrous air (nitrous oxide) is a compound of nitric acid and inflammable air or phlogiston. Fixed air, which he called ‘acid air’, can be converted into phlogisticated air or into pure air” (Partington, III, pp. 494–495). Cole 742: “The book is a survey of existing information concerning various kinds of airs and the experiments and discoveries of Lavoisier, Priestley, Scheele and others.” DSB, VII, pp. 602–604. Duveen p. 335. Neville II, pp. 5–6.

61. LAFOREST, [Nicholas-Laurent]. L'Art de Soigner les Pieds, contenant: un traité sur les cors, verrues, durillons, oignons, engelures, les accidens des ongles & leur difformité. Nouvelle édition, augmentée d'un chapitre sur la manière de soigner les pieds des soldats en garnison & dans les mouvemens... Paris: Chez l'Auteur...Méquignon l’aîné... [&] Blaizot…, 1782. 12mo, pp. xvi, 192, (4), 2 folding engraved plates. Contemporary mottled calf, flat spine gilt with red morocco label (neat repairs to ends of spine), red edges, marbled endpapers. Some minor soiling but a very good copy. Bookplate of J. Colin Dagnall, the historian of chiropody (see below). £550 Second edition, but the first illustrated, of the first influential book on chiropody, with two plates, one the first depiction of chiropodial instruments, the other of foot conditions, including hallux valgus. This edition is also enlarged by 60 pages, and included the first military application of chiropody (for the care of soldiers’ feet), and the first illustration of chiropodial instruments. “It was a good book, well written and containing much based on original observation, as opposed to the few previous references in medical books which simply passed on the views of earlier writers... Laforest laid the foundations of chiropodial writing, and his basic principles on the cause and treatment of corns, bursitis and onychocryptosis hold true today. He is credited by some medical historians (Valentin, Geschichte der Orthopädie), as being the first to describe, and certainly to illustrate [in this edition], the condition of hallux valgus. Bick considers that his book ranks with the work of Peter Camper (1722–1789) in laying the foundations of foot orthopaedics” (J.C. Dagnall, “The history of chiropodial literature”, in The Chiropodist, 1965). This issue has the earlier uncancelled state of the title-page and Laforest’s address as “rue Croix-des-Petits-Champs, Maison de M. Bourdet” (see Wellcome).

The Evidence for Leibnitz 62. LEIBNITZ, Gottfried Wilhelm, and Johann BERNOULLI. Commercium Philosophicum et Mathematicum. Tomus primus, ab anno 1694 ad annum 1699 [– Tomus secundus, ab anno 1700. ad annum 1716]. Lausannæ & Genevæ: Sumpt. MarciMichaelis Bousquet & Socior. 1745. 2 volumes, 4to, pp. (iv), xxviii, 484, engraved frontispiece portrait of Leibnitz and 15 folding engraved plates; 1 leaf, pp, 492, 8 plates. Titles printed in red and black with engraved vignettes, foot of portrait folded in. Plates IX–XII misbound in vol. 2, a few gatherings in vol. 2 lightly browned, some small ink stains on p. 131 of vol. 2. Original Dutch speckled boards and red sheep spines, uncut. Edges of boards a little rubbed, spines a little rubbed and with minor wear to head of vol. 1, otherwise a nice set. £3200 FIRST EDITION. “Important for containing the evidence, as embodied in the correspondence between Leibnitz and Jean Bernoulli, on the question of the rival claims to priority in the invention of the calculus, between Newton and Leibnitz. It was the only serious claim published in Leibnitz’s favor, and was a tardy answer to the Commercium Epistolicum, which gave the evidence in Newton’s favor” (Babson 196). Wallis 259. Gray 259. Ravier, Bibliographie…de Leibniz, 427. This copy has the portrait of Leibnitz, which is found only in a minority of copies.

63. LION, Heyman, Chiropedist. An Entire, New, and Original Work; being a Complete Treatise upon Spinæ Pedum; containing several important discoveries. Illustrated with copperplates; exhibiting the different species of spinæ. Edinburgh: Printed by H. Inglis, for the author… 1802. 8vo, pp. xiv, (15)–428, and 5 engraved plates (the last bound as a frontispiece). Later half calf. Foxing on the last two plates, otherwise a very good copy. Bookplate of J. Colin Dagnall, the historian of chiropody (see below). £850 FIRST EDITION, first issue, of the first original British work on chiropody. Disappointed at being refused a medical degree, Lion, a German Jewish émigré, sat down to write this book. “His odd and arrogant writing led to the book being generally derided by the lay and professional press. In fact it is first class and was based completely on his personal experiences and observations. Stripped of its padding it can be seen to be a great improvement on Laforest’s book… The greatest praise we can give to Lion’s book is to say that every chiropodial writer since has used and borrowed from Upon Spinæ Pedum” (J.C. Dagnall, “The history of chiropodial literature”, in The Chiropodist, 1965). This issue has the first paragraph of the preface, omitted in the second issue. Although COPAC locates a dozen copies in the British Isles, this book is rarely seen for sale (Mr. Dagnall noted in 1973 that he had seen only 3 copies in 25 years).

"Chiropody" 64. LOW, D., Chiropodist. Chiropodologia, or, A Scientific Enquiry into the causes of Corns, Warts, Onions, and other painful or offensive cutaneous excrescences: with a detail of the most successful methods of removing all deformities of the nails; and of preserving, or restoring, to the feet and hands their natural soundness and beauty... London: Printed by J. Rozea... [1785]. 8vo, pp. viii, (v)-xii, (13)-140. Two ink deletions in address in imprint and on p. 140, possibly by the author. Paper somewhat browned, dampstain in upper margin of some leaves. Modern calf by Sangorski & Sutcliffe, uncut edges. Inscription on half-title, small name stamp on title, bookplate of J. Colin Dagnall, the historian of chiropody (see below). £2200 FIRST EDITION of the first English book on chiropody, a term coined by Low. This is, however, a translation without acknowledgement of Laforest's L'Art de soigner les pieds, 1781, the second author to publish a monograph on the care of the feet. Low was a London corn-cutter, who had Laforest's book translated and published as his original work. The deception was not detected until recently, and his book was well received, and influenced other writers for the next hundred years. It is extremely rare. See J.C. Dagnall, “The history of chiropodial literature”, in The Chiropodist, 1965 (illustrating the title-page of this copy).

One of the Most Important Texts in the History of Physiology 65. LOWER, Richard. Tractatus de Corde. Item de motu & colore sanguinis et chyli in eum transitu. Londini: Typis Jo. Redmayne impensis Jacobi Allestry… 1669. 8vo, 8 leaves, pp. 220, (20), 7 folding engraved plates. Complete with the initial blank A1 (name roughly deleted). Dampstain in upper margin throughout, and in lower corner of some leaves. Contemporary speckled calf, spine gilt (upper joint cracked). £15,000 FIRST EDITION, second issue (see below) of “the most important contribution to circulatory physiology after William Harvey’s De motu cordis, published three years before Lower’s birth. Nobel Laureate André Cournand considered Lower’s book to be one of the most important texts in the history of physiology because of the nature of its observations, the rigor of its experimental design and demonstrations, and its simple and convincing form of presentation… continued... 34

“Lower entered medical practice in London in 1666 and continued experiments he had begun in Oxford on the motion and color of the blood and on transfusion. His observations on these subjects were summarized in Tractatus de corde. “Lower made important observations on the structure of cardiac muscle, the quantity of blood in the vascular system, the velocity of blood flow, and the effects of aeration of blood as it passed through the lungs. He was impressed by the complex arrangement of muscular fibers in the heart and felt their unique arrangement was responsible for the contraction of the ventricular cavities in systole that propelled blood into the vascular system. In a series of experiments performed with Robert Hooke, Lower showed that the red color of arterial blood was due to its contact with ‘fresh air’ in the lungs. His book also contained observations on the technique and safety of blood transfusion, a technique he pioneered” (W. Bruce Fye in Grolier One Hundred (Medicine). There are two issues: in the second issue, the original leaf A6 has been replaced by a cancellans in order (according to John F. Fulton) to “modify (very slightly) a scurrilous remark… concerning the Irishman O’Meara” (ibid). Wing L3310. G&M 761. Printing and the Mind of Man 149. Grolier One Hundred (Medicine) 34. Fulton, Two Oxford Physiologists, 4.

66. MACCULLOCH, John. A Geological Classification of Rocks, with descriptive synopses of the species and varieties, comprising the elements of practical geology. London: Published by Longman,... 1821. 8vo, pp. xxxi, (i), 655. Contemporary half calf, flat spine gilt, tips of corners slightly worn, but a nice copy. Bookplate of Edward Bunting. £600 FIRST EDITION of Macculloch’s “system of classifying rocks. He divided rocks into two main classes: Primary and Secondary. He subdivided Primary into unstratified (granite) and stratified (mainly gneisses and schists, with some sediments). The Secondary included all the younger sediments and a few ‘unstratified’ rocks, which his descriptions clearly indicate were igneous intrusions, although he did not specify them as such. Macculloch also described in detail the occurrences of basalt lava (‘trap’), the remains of the extensive Tertiary basalt lava plateau off the west of Scotland” (DSB). Macculloch was one of the pioneers of of British geology and mineralogy, and prepared the first geological map of Scotland. See Zittel, History of geology, p. 113.

67. MACQUER, [Pierre Joseph]. Elemens de Chymie-Pratique contenant la description des opérations fondamentales de la chymie, avec des explications & des remarques sur chaque opération. A Paris: Chez Jean-Thomas Herissant,… 1751. [And:] Elemens de Chymie Theorique. A Paris: Chez Jean-Thomas Herissant,… 1751. 2 works in 3 volumes (the first is in 2 volumes), 12mo, 2 leaves, pp. xii, (viii), 458 [i.e. 438], (2) blank; (xvi), 468; xx [i.e. xviii], (ii), 263, (17), 4 folding engraved plates. Half-titles. A few gatherings lightly browned, paper flaw in S2 of vol. 1 without loss, also in lower margin of Kk6, and in Kk1 where the corner of the sheet is missing with loss of some 20 words or parts of words. Contemporary mottled sheep, spines gilt in compartments with two red morocco labels (numbered I–III), marbled endpapers, red edges (head of two spines and tail of one spine a little chipped), a nice set. £450 Reprints of the first editions (1751 and 1749 respectively) of the two works which together formed a complete course of practical chemistry for beginners. They superseded the textbooks of Lemery and Senac. Cole 882 (the Pratique). Cole does not list this reprint of the Theorique, but this copy is almost certainly the copy in “a private collection in England” noted in 884. Neville pp. 119 and 120 respectively (also in matching bindings and describing both as very rare).

68.

Fine Illustrations of Bloodletting MAGNI, Pietro Paolo. Discorsi...sopra il Modo di Sanguinare Attaccar le Sanguisughe, & Le Ventose far le Fregagioni et Vessicatorii a corpi humani. Di nuovo ristampato ad Istanza di Pietro Fetti libraro in Parione. In Roma: per Iacomo Mascardi... 1613. 4to, 2 leaves (including the engraved title), 80 pages, and 11 striking engraved plates of bloodletting. Lower outer corner of engraved title cut away and restored with small corner portion of engraving supplied in manuscript, several pale dampstains. Contemporary vellum, no front free endpaper. Bookplate of Piergiorgio Borio. £2200 Third edition of Magni’s treatise on bloodletting and the use of leeches and cupping-glasses, illustrated with a suite of eleven remarkable engravings, which are clearly the work of a major artist. Hirsch and Wellcome attribute the illustrations to Adamo Ghisi (born c.1530), but Graesse suggests that they may be the work of Cherubino Alberti, nicknamed Borgheggiano (1553–1615), who was director of the Academy of St. Luke in Rome. Bryan (Dictionary of Painters and Engravers) notes that “his works…may be considered as very extraordinary productions of genius.” Magni first published this book in Rome in 1584; this edition was edited by the bookseller Pietro Fetti, who has added an introduction addressed to the college of barber-surgeons in Rome.

Item 68, Magni

69. MAGNI, Pietro Paolo. Discorso…sopra il modo di fare i Cauterii ò Rotterii à corpi humani, nel quale si tratta de siti, ove si hanno da fare, de ferri che usar vi si debbono, del modo di tenergli aperti, delle legature, & delle palline, & dell’utilità che da essi ne vengono… In Roma: Appresso Bartolomeo Bonfadino. 1588. 4to, 6 leaves, pp. 64, 61–82, 1 leaf (register, large printer’s woodcut device, and colophon). Including the fine woodcut portrait of the author on †6v (recto blank), and woodcuts of surgical instruments continued... 36

Item 68, Magni

in the text. Title within architectural woodcut border, woodcut initials. Contemporary vellum. Pale stain in fore-edge margin with slight chipping to fore-edge of title, blank corner torn from D3, otherwise a nice copy. With the bookplate of Piergiorgio Borio. Presentation copy, inscribed on the title-page “Auctoris donum” and with a faded signature in the upper margin. £2400 FIRST EDITION of Magni’s treatise on the use of the cautery and the practice of cauterising. A second edition appeared in 1618 which is occasionally found together with his book on bloodletting.

70. MARIOTTE, [Edmé]. Oeuvres… Comprenant tous les Traitez de cet auteur, tant ceux qui avoient déja paru séparément, que ceux qui n’avaoient pas encore été publiez; imprimées sur les exemplaires les plus exacts & les plus complets; revuës & corrigées de nouveau. A Leide [Leiden]: Chez Pierre Vander Aa… 1717. 2 volumes, 4to: pp. (xii), 320; 2 leaves, pp. (321)–566, 1 leaf, pp. 603–701, (35), and 26 folding engraved plates (including no. IV*). Titles printed in red and black with engraved vignette, 2 engravings in the text. Paper rather browned but still fresh. Contemporary English speckled calf, black spines richly gilt in compartments, red morocco labels, a lovely copy. Signature of William Hillary M.D. dated 1723 on front free endpapers, and his armorial bookplate dated 1743 on the pastedowns. £2400 FIRST COLLECTED EDITION, containing all of Mariotte’s published works. Among the most important works in these volumes are his treatise on percussion, the nature of air (“Mariotte’s Law”), radiant heat, colours, hydromechanics (“Mariotte’s flask”), vegetation, and his observations on vision. They also contain his previously unpublished Traité du mouvement des pendules, which Huygens possessed in manuscript and gave to the University of Leyden. The introduction contains valuable information on the bibliography of Mariotte, who is credited with introducing experimental physics into France. The first owner of this copy, William Hillary (1697–1763), probably bought it new in Leiden, where he obtained his MD in 1722. He practised in Ripon until 1734 when he moved to Bath, where he had his bookplate engraved. Roberts & Trent, Bibliotheca Mechanica, pp. 217–218.

71. MARTIN, Benjamin. Philosophia Britannica: or, a new and comprehensive system of the Newtonian philosophy, astronomy, and geography, in a course of twelve lectures, with notes; containing the physical, mechanical, geometrical, and experimental proofs and illustrations of all the principal propositions in every branch of natural science: also, a particular account of…instruments, engines, and machines… The fourth edition. London: Printed for John, Francis, Charles Rivington; and Thomas Carnan…and Andrew Strahan… 1788. 3 volumes, 8vo, pp. (xxxii), 333, (3) advertisements, 20 engraved plates (18 folding) numbered I– XVII and Appendix I–III; pp. (xvi), 390, (2) advertisements, 25 folding plates numbered 18–XLII; pp. (xii), 405, (39) index, 36 folding plates numbered XLIII–LXXII and Appendix II I–V + 1 plate “belonging to Plate 62” (a total of 81 plates). Contemporary speckled sheep, spines ruled in gilt and unlettered except for volume numbers. Cracks in several joints, small chip at top of one spine, tips of several corners a little worn, but a nice, clean set. Signature of J. Willis on title of volume 1, and of Francis Willis on p. 1. £850 Fourth and last edition, expanded from the rare first edition of 1747 published at Reading, which was itself a greatly expanded version of his Course of Lectures in Natural and Experimental Philosophy (1743), written when he was trying to earn a living by giving lectures and demonstrations on Newtonian experimental philosophy similar to those given in London for many years by J. T. Desaguliers. Martin was one of the best known of the many popularisers of science of his day, and one of the first true retailers in the scientific instruments trade, holding an astonishingly large and varied stock. Wallis 115.3.

The Density of the Earth 72. MASKELYNE, Nevil. An Account of Observations made on the Mountain Schehallien for finding its attraction. Read at the Royal Society, July 6, 1775. London: Printed in the year 1776. Small 4to, 45 pages. Good modern quarter calf, marbled sides. Title guarded along inner edge and a tear in upper inner corner repaired without loss,, otherwise very good. £3500 FIRST SEPARATE EDITION, having first appeared in the Philosophical Transactions in 1775. The measurement of Newton’s gravitational constant, G. “In a famous experiment of 1774 Maskelyne attempted to determine the earth’s density from measurements of the deviation of a plumb line produced by the gravitational attraction of Mt. Schiehallion, in Scotland. By observing the slight difference in the zenith distances of certain stars at two observing stations on the north and south faces of the mountain,…Maskelyne identified the residual displacement of 11.7” with the sum of the deviations in the direction of the vertical to the earth’s surface on each side of this conveniently symmetrical mountain. This was the first convincing experimental demonstration of the universality of gravitation, in the sense that it operates not only between the bodies of the solar system but also between the elements of matter of which each body is composed. “With the aid of his friend Charles Hutton and John Playfair, who estimated the density of the rocks and total mass of that mountain relative to the mass of the earth, Maskelyne concluded the mean density of the earth to be between 4.867 and 4.559 times that of water, a result that compares quite well with the presently accepted value of 5.52” (DSB). Hutton devised a graphical system to represent large volumes of surveyed heights, later known as contour lines (E. Danson, Weighing the World, 2006, p. 153). For this work Maskelyne was awarded the Royal Society’s highest award, the Copley Medal. As with many eighteenth century offprints, this separate edition is very scarce.

73.

[MEISSNER, Friedrich Ludwig.] Der neue Fussarzt oder Anweisung, die Leichdornen, Frostbeulen, Geschwulst der Füsse, Nagelschwüre, Fussschweisse, Klumpfüsse, &c. zu heilen, nebst einer ausführlichen Abhandlung für Fussreisende über die nöthige Pflege, Bekleidung und Abwartung der Füsse auf Reisen. Von Dr. Ludwig Meiner. Leipzig: bei G.H.F. Hartmann. 1824. Small 8vo, pp. viii, 104. Contemporary marbled boards and roan spine with red and green morocco labels. Spine a little chipped, but a nice copy. Bookplate of J. Colin Dagnall, the historian of chiropody (see below). £220 FIRST EDITION of an early German contribution to the literature of chiropody, perhaps the first original German work on the subject. The book is not noticed by J.C. Dagnall, “The history of chiropodial literature”, in The Chiropodist, 1965. Meissner (1796–1860), an obstetrician, gynaecologist and paediatrician, wrote on a variety of subjects, for some of which he used a pseudonym, as here (see Hirsch).

74. MESUE, Johannes (Maswijah al-Mardini). Mesue [opera omnia] cum expositione mondini super canones universales: ac etiam cum expositione Christophori de honestis in antidotarium eiusdem. Additiones petri apponi. Additiones francisci de pedemontius. Antidotarium nicolai: cum expositione platearii. Tractatus quid pro quo. Tractatus de sinonimis. Libellus bulcasis sive servitoris. Compendium aromatariorum Saladini. Joannes sancto amando super antidotarium nicolai. [Colophon:] Impresssa Venetiis [Venice]: [no printer or publisher], die xx. Octobris 1508. Folio, 379 leaves (of 380, lacking the final blank). Title printed in red, text in double columns, one woodcut initial, the remainder blank with guide letters. First and last few leaves with pale continued... 39

dampstains, first leaf and last leaf stained and with a few small lacunae, a few tiny wormholes in the first 40 leaves. Contemporary blindstamped pigskin over bevelled beech boards, with clasps (probably a remboîtage but a very handsome one). Old inscription deleted on title; bookplates of Piergiorgio Borio. £5500 A rare edition of the work of Mesuë the Younger (10th century), which was for centuries the authority on the composition of medicaments. The book was not only in use in practically every European pharmacy but also became the basis of the later official pharmacopoeias. This edition of Mesuë’s work has commentaries by Mondino and Christoph de Honestis. In this edition several supplementary works are included: the Additio to Mesue’s Grabadin (apothecary’s manual) by Pietro d’Abano and the Complementum to the Grabadin by Francesco di Piedmonte (d. 1319), one of the most complete compendia of practical medicine of the Middle Ages. Also present are the Antidotarium of Nicolas of Salerno with the Glossa of Joannes Platearius, followed by Joannes de Sancto Amando’s Expositio supra Antidotarium Nicolai (of Salerno). This is followed by a glossary of terms and a list of synonyms for medicaments, then by the Liber servitoris of Abu-l-Quasim Benaberazerin, translated by Simon of Genoa and Abraham ben Shemton (Abraham the Jew of Tortosa), and finally the Compendium aromaticorum by Saladino de Asculo, written in the mid-15th century, the first real treatise on pharmacy in a modern sense. In it Saladino treats not only of the kind of examination to which pharmacists should be subjected, but also of all the medicaments described in the famous Antidotarium of Nicolas of Salerno. Saladino writes on the weights and the dosage of the drugs, on the way in which the remedy should be prepared, on the plants, flowers, roots, and the way of preserving simples and compounds, and finally gives details for conducting a pharmacy. This is a rare edition. It is not listed by Choulant, who gives 1510 as the date of the first sixteenth century edition; it is not in the Wellcome catalogue or Durling, but is in the NLM online catalogue. See Hagelin, Old and Rare Books on Materia Medica, p. 18, for an excellent description of a similar, later edition.

75. MICHELL, John. A Treatise of Artificial Magnets; in which is shewn an easy and expeditious method of making them, superior to the best natural ones: and also, a way of improving the natural ones, and of changing or converting their poles. Directions are likewise given for making the mariner’s needles in the best form, and for touching them most advantageously, &c. Cambridge: Printed by J. Bentham… 1750. 8vo, 1 leaf, 81 pages, 1 folding engraved plate. Contemporary half calf, spine gilt, red morocco label. Title slightly soiled, but a nice copy. Armorial bookplate of Sir Richard Bempde Johnstone, Bart. £850 FIRST EDITION. An important book by the eminent English scientist John Michell (1724–1793), in which he described the method of making artificial magnets by “double touch”, and enunciated the law of variation of magnetic action according to the inverse squares of distances. The formulation of this law is found on p. 19 and is reproduced in the Wheeler Gift catalogue (I, p. 188). Michell also did very important work in astronomy, invented the torsion balance for measuring very small forces, and may be said to have founded scientific seismology. Wheeler Gift 358. Ekelöf 320. Mottelay p. 191. With this copy is bound John Hill’s A Dissertation on Royal Societies (London, 1750), 48 pages.

76. [MONTE-SNYDER, Johann de.] Reconditorium ac Reclusiorium Opulentiae sapientiaeque Numinis Mundi Magni, cui deditur in titulum Chymica Vannus, obtenta quidem & erecta auspice mortale coepto; sed inventa pro authoribus immortalibus adeptis, quibus conclusum est, sancitum & decretum, ut anno hoc per Mysteriarcham Mercurium… Amstelodami [Amsterdam]: Apud Joannem Janssonium à Waesberge, & Elizeum Weyerstraet, 1666. 2 parts in volume, 4to, 2 leaves, pp. (5)–392 [i.e. 292], (2), 76, 2 leaves (errata and final blank). Including 13 full-page allegorical or diagrammatic engravings, the first printed in red on the first continued... 40

Item 76, Monte-Snyder

page ([A]1r) and repeated in black on Oo4v, other typographical diagrams in the text. Contemporary vellum, upper joint cracked but perfectly firm, endpapers replaced. Paper slightly browned in the margins, but a very good copy. £4500 FIRST EDITION. A curious compilation of alchemical, chemical, and pseudo-scientific subjects. The Dutch alchemist Monte-Snyder was well known for his allegorical imagery. In this book the full-page engravings include the magic circle with the four elements at its centre, the male sun and the female moon, Mercury, Mars, and Saturn eating his child, among others. The first part is anonymous but Duveen believes Monte-Snyder to be the author of the entire volume. The second part is a translation of a treatise by Monte-Snyder entitled Von der Universal Medicin (1662). It has a separate sub-title dated 1665, and the repeat of the diagram printed on the first page. “It is alchemical rather than medical. It discusses such topics and questions as the universal menstruum of all metals and minerals; the magical elements, that is, the threefold fire of the ancient sages, the destruction of the metals and their reduction to the three principles; whether the universal medicine is to be found in the seven stars, i.e. metals, or just in gold and first matter” (Thorndike). Duveen pp. 498–499. Ferguson II, pp. 246–247. Neville II, p. 187. Wellcome IV, p. 486. Thorndike, History of Magic & Experimental Science, VIII, pp. 355–356. The book was reissued thirty years later in Leiden with a different title and fewer engravings.

77. NICHOLSON, William. The First Principles of Chemistry. The second edition, with improvements. London: Printed for G.G.J. and J. Robinson, Paternoster-Row. 1792. 8vo, pp. xxxi, 546, (4) index, (2) blank, 1 folding engraved plate of apparatus. Original boards, neatly rebacked, new printed paper label, uncut. Title and dedication leaves creased, a little foxing. Library inscription at top of title, shelfmark on front pastedown, and stamp on a few other pages and the plate. £550 Second edition. Nicholson (1753–1815), translator of Fourcroy and Chaptal, and editor of the first general scientific periodical in England published independently of the academies, was one of the important British figures in the new chemical movement. In this voluminous textbook on chemistry, dedicated to Cavendish, he explained both the phlogistic and antiphlogistic theories, as he considered them equally probable. “The text is divided into two books, I. General Chemistry includes heat, construction of thermometers, combustion, methods of making experiments with gases, an account of balances and elective attractions; II includes general principles of bodies, acids, metals, mineral combustibles, vegetable and animal products. The useful treatment in I. of thermometers and balances is not found in many texts” (Cole). Cole 977: “In the second edition the author has revised the work to some extent and inserted new discoveries.” Neville II, p. 228 (with incorrect collation). Partington III, p. 490 and IV, p. 19.

78. NIGHTINGALE, Florence. Notes on Hospitals: being two papers read before the National Association for the Promotion of Social Science, at Liverpool, in October 1858. With evidence given to the Royal Commissioners of the state of the army in 1857. London: John W. Parker and Son, 1859. 8vo, pp. (vii), 108, + 8 pages of advertisements at the end, folding letterpress table and 4 folding plates of hospital plans. With the half-title and the final advertisements. Original dark brown cloth, expertly rebacked and coloured endpapers renewed, a very good copy. £2500 FIRST EDITION IN BOOK FORM. “Based on Nightingale’s extensive knowledge of English and Continental hospitals, the work was the most exhaustive study to date of hospital planning and administration. She blamed the majority of hospital deaths on overcrowding, lack of light and ventilation, and the collection of large numbers of the sick under one roof” (Norman). “The little book, revolutionary in character, set the seal on Miss Nightingale’s authority on the subject of hospitals, and gave a new direction to their construction” (Bishop & Goldie). It was made continued... 43

up of two papers read before the National Association for the Promotion of Social Science and three articles reprinted from The Builder. G&M 1611. Bishop & Goldie, Bio-bibliography, 100 (iii). Norman catalogue 1599.

The First Issue 79. NIGHTINGALE, Florence. Notes on Nursing: what it is, and what it is not. London: Harrison… [1860]. 8vo, 79 pages. Original black pebbled cloth, ends of spine and corners a little worn, spine neatly repaired and now with some small chips, otherwise an excellent copy. £4500 FIRST EDITION, FIRST ISSUE. G&M 1612, the most famous and important book on nursing. “After receiving training in Germany and France, Florence Nightingale had some nursing experience in England. The Crimean War gave her an opportunity to demonstrate the value of trained nurses. Within a few months of her arrival at Scutari, the mortality rate among soldiers there fell from 42% to 2%. Florence Nightingale lived to become the greatest figure in the history of nursing” (G&M). In this book Miss Nightingale laid down the essential principles for the care of the sick, and introduced a new profession for women. Grolier One Hundred (Medicine), 71. Lilly, Notable Medical Books, 215. Bishop & Goldie, Biobibliography, 4(i). Skretkowicz, “Florence Nightingale’s Notes on Nursing” in The Library, v.15, no. 1, 24–46, 1993. This copy is in Skretkowicz’s Group 1, and has all the issue points of both type and binding detailed by him. Norman catalogue 1600.

80. NIGHTINGALE, Florence. Notes on Nursing: what it is, and what it is not. London: Harrison… [1860]. 8vo, 79 pages. Original black pebbled cloth, a very good copy. £400 FIRST EDITION, issue in the same year as the first, with front endpapers advertising Burke's Peerage for 1860, and rear endpapers with adverts beginning A Summer Search for Sir John Franklin (the most common issue). G&M 1612, the most famous book on nursing. Lilly, Notable Medical Books 215. Bishop & Goldie, Bio-bibliography, 4(i). Skretkowicz, Florence Nightingale's Notes on Nursing in The Library, v.15, no. 1, 24–46, 1993.

81. PACICHELLI, Giovanni Battista. Lucubrationum ad Corpus Philologicum pars altera: sive Diatribe de Pede in quâ multiplex pedis acceptio. Varius, maximè ambulando, stando, ac sedendo usus… Coloniae Ubiorum [Cologne]: Typis Wilhelmi Friessem… 1675. Small 8vo, pp. (viii), 9–70, (2). Title printed in red and black. Contemporary limp vellum. Light foxing in the first half of the book, heavy in the second. Old library stamp on title-page. Bookplate of J. Colin Dagnall, the historian of chiropody. £300 FIRST EDITION of an extremely rare book on the foot, the sequel to his book on the hand, Chiroliturgia, sive De Varia, ac Mvltiplici Manvs Administratione: Lucubrationes Juridico-Philologicae, of 1673. No copy is recorded in ICCU or WorldCat, which records a few copies of the first part on the hand, although the Becker Library has both parts; Copac records one copy, in Scotland. Pacichelli (1634–1695) was an abbot, a protonotary apostolic appointed by Pope Clement X to attend the Cologne Peace Conference in 1672.

82. PANIZZA, Ludovico. De Venae Sectione in Inflammationibus quibuscunque Fluxione Genitis, per sanguinis missionem curandis. Venetiis [Venice]: Apud Joan. Franciscum Camocium… 1561. continued... 44

Item 82, Panizza

Folio, ff. (iv), 120 [i.e. 103; 120 is a misprint for 102, and an unfoliated seventh leaf is inserted in quire f], (2) errata and final blank. Large woodcut device on title, fine full-page woodcut portrait on A2 (verso blank), full-page allegorical woodcut on A3 (verso blank), one woodcut initial, the remainder blank with guide letters. Modern binding using vellum from an old manuscript, yapped fore-edges. Single tiny wormhole through first 11 leaves, both woodcuts slightly cropped at the fore-edge with loss of the ruled border to the second one, otherwise a wide-margined and very clean copy. Early signature deleted on title; bookplate of Piergiorgio Borio. £2800 Second edition (first 1544) of one of a number of works on venesection published during this period. There was a bitter schism among physicians over where to bleed; the Arabs taught that blood should be taken from a vein as far away as possible from the seat of trouble, while others claimed that it should be taken close to it. The present book features two fine full-page woodcuts; the first is a full-page portrait, and the second is a full-page woodcut showing the author writing his book and winning acclaim for it, not only from physicians of the past but from six physicians who were Panizza’s contemporaries. This woodcut represent a public disputation on venesection, and is highly unusual among medical books of this period in depicting an actual event. The physicians are identified by abbreviations on the books they have before them, and in full on ff. 8–9. Their judgement on Panizza is printed at the end. Vesalius is not among them, but Panizza makes favourable reference to him on ff. 28v and 51v. This copy is a variant as noted by ICCU with 4 preliminary leaves rather than 6, and with 103 text leaves rather than 102 (but both are wrongly numbered 120). However ICCU notes that quire f has 6 leaves, whereas this copy has 7. Vesalius was asked to give an opinion on the venesection question after the death of a kinsman of the Holy Roman Emperor who had been bled in the Arabian manner, and his book on the subject appeared in 1539. Little is known of Panizza, and this book is rare. ICCU locates 3 copies altogether in Italy of this edition; Durling does not list either edition, but the 1544 edition is in the online catalogue. Wellcome has this edition only.

83. PARACELSUS. Medici Libelli, des hocherfarnesten Herrn Theophrasti Paracelsi… vorhin niemals in Truck ausgangen. Physionomia morborum. De terebinthina & utroq; helleboro. Liber secundus de caduco matricis. De peste commentarius. Fragmentum aliud de peste. De ligno Guaiaco. Explicatio aliquot aphorismorum Hippocratis. Getruckt zu Cöln [Cologne]: bey Arnoldt Byrckmans Erben. 1567. 4to, 12 leaves, pp. 261, (1), 1 leaf (contents and colophon, verso blank). Title within typographical border, woodcut portrait of Paracelsus on ***1r. Old vellum, yapped fore-edges, later endpapers. Some light browning and foxing. Bookplates of Piergiorgio Borio. £4500 FIRST EDITION of this collection of important and diverse treatises of Paracelsus. Although the title is in Latin the text is in German. It includes his treatises on turpentine, the prolapse of the uterus, guaiacum or lignum vitae, the plague, and an explanation of some of Hippocrates’ aphorisms. Sudhoff 87. Bruni Celli, Bibliografía Hipocrática, 3255.

84. PARRY, Caleb Hillier. Elements of Pathology and Therapeutics; being the outlines of a work, intended to ascertain the nature, causes, and most efficacious modes of prevention and cure, of the greater number of diseases incidental to the human frame; illustrated by numerous cases and dissections. Vol. I. General Pathology [all published]. Printed by Richard Cruttwell,... Bath; and sold by Underwood...London, 1815. 8vo, pp. vii, (i), 463. Foxing on the endpapers, some very light foxing and small marks in the text but a very good and fresh copy. Contemporary speckled calf (upper edge rubbed, imperceptible repairs to spine), spine ruled in gilt, red morocco label. Faint signature dated 1830 at top of title. £950 continued... 46

Item 83, Paracelsus

FIRST EDITION. Parry's classic account of exophthalmic goitre appears first in this book as a brief report; it was fully given in the Collections from the unpublished writings, 1825. This book also contains the first description of reactive hyperaemia. It was intended as a large work, comprising Parry's carefully kept records from many yearsâ€™ observations in practice, but no more of this edition was published, and even in the second, posthumous, edition, the second volume appeared only as a fragment. Parry was a respected physician with extensive and distinguished social connections, and his independent researches are of considerable importance. Few physicians of his time enjoyed or deserved a higher reputation. Parry was a friend of Edward Jenner, and the dedicatee of Jennerâ€™s Inquiry (1798).

85. [PEMBERTON, Henry.] A View of Sir Isaac Newton's Philosophy. London: Printed by S. Palmer, 1728. 4to, pp. (l), 407, and 12 folding engraved plates. Engraved device on title, and engraved head- and tailpieces and initials, all by J. Pine. Contemporary mottled calf, red morocco label on spine. Crack at top and bottom of upper joint, a few very minor marks, finger-marks on the back of the plate at p. 256 (probably from the printer’s shop as they go right into the gutter), otherwise a fine copy. £1250 FIRST EDITION. This beautifully produced book was described by Cohen (1956) as “one of the three outstanding popular introductions to Newtonian science of the eighteenth century”. It is also one of the earliest. Pemberton enjoyed a special friendship with Newton, and edited the third edition of the Principia. The preface contains Pemberton’s recollections of Newton. Typographically this book is important as the first book printed in Caslon’s Roman types. It is printed on excellent paper with ample margins, with engraved decorations by one of the most famous engravers of the period, and is a wonderful example of the best of eighteenth century book production. For these reasons it was a great success, and is now a common book, although most copies that appear on the market are in poor or restored condition (or both), having been read to bits. This copy, however, is a very nice copy in its original binding. Babson 98. Wallis 132. Gjertsen, The Newton handbook, pp. 426–427.

First London Pharmacopoeia 86. PHARMACOPOEIA. [ROYAL] COLLEGE OF PHYSICIANS OF LONDON. Pharmacopoeia Londinensis, in qua medicamenta antiqua et nova usitatissima, sedulo collecta, accuratissime examinata, quotidiana experientia confirmata describuntur. Diligenter revisa, denuo recusa, emendatior auctior. London: Printed for John Marriott… 1618. Small folio, 16 leaves, 210 pages, 3 leaves. Including the fine engraved title by Renold Elstracke, woodcut ornaments. Contemporary calf, spine neatly repaired, several cuts and small holes in the leather. Neat repair to blank upper margin of title and fore-edge a little ragged, rather soiled throughout, especially the endpapers, but a perfectly complete copy in its original binding. Several 17th century signatures of the Wynter family on endpapers; Morgan Jones dated 14th January 1663; Charles Wynstone (on p. 15); Gregory Griffiths, 1701; also (on the dedication) Lewis Williams, 1733. £6500 Second edition of the first London pharmacopoeia, the first pharmacopoeia intended for use by an entire nation. “There were at the time official European pharmacopoeias, but these were enforced only for comparatively small territories. The College’s product was intended to be standard not only for the London area but for all England and it was declared obligatory by the King. Representatives of medicine and pharmacy in Western Europe awaited its production with much interest…” (William Brocklebank, “Sovereign Remedies. A critical depreciation of the 17th-century London pharmacopoeia”, in Medical History, pp. 1–14, January 1964). Even though the College of Physicians began work on the pharmacopeia in 1589, the first edition, when it finally appeared, had numerous errors and was withdrawn. This second edition, quickly brought out later in the same year, was corrected and had some 90 more pages, including a catalogue of simples and an index. It was even given a new engraved title-page, presumably to distinguish it clearly from the first. STC 16773. All editions of the first London pharmacopoeia are extremely rare; STC records 6 copies of this edition, fewer than any other. See G&M 1821, the first edition. Hind, Engraving in England in the 16th and 17th centuries, 1955, vol. 2, p. 205, no. 84 (the present engraved title, used for all further editions up to the fifth in 1639). Elstracke was one of the earliest native engravers in England, and the foremost English engraver of his time.

Item 87, Pietro d'Abano

87. PIETRO D’ABANO. Conciliator. [Colophon:] Impressum Venetiis [Venice]: no printer or publisher,] die 17. Januarii 1504. Folio, 265 leaves (of 266, lacking the final blank). Half-page anatomical woodcut on f. 245v, woodcut diagram on ff. 30r, 99v and 121r, woodcut initials, text in double columns. Single wormhole in first 132 leaves (repaired on the title) and in lower margin of last 10 leaves, light brown stain on ff. 203–208. otherwise a very clean copy. Modern vellum binding using an old vellum manuscript for the sides, title lettered on the lower edge at an early date. Signature of Ignazio Penalazzi and MS note in a different hand on verso of title, some neat underling on ff. 162–163 and 257–259; bookplate of Piergiorgio Borio. £4500 Seventh edition (the first six were all incunables) and a rare and remarkable edition of the author’s chief work. The Conciliator of Pietro d’Abano (1250–1315), who, as the title of the work implies, “tried to reconcile the views of the Arabists and Grecians, marks the rise of the rival school of Padua as a center of medical dialectics, of which Thaddeus and Peter were the patterns for a century… Peter’s continued... 49

Conciliator consists of 210 moot points to be resolved by dispute…which became the fashion for students’ dissertations and disputations even beyond the 17th century” (Garrison, p. 163). “Peter’s greatest and best-known work, the Conciliator, expresses his mediation between the humanistic Greek school, of which he was one of the very earliest forerunners, and the Arabists. It may be called the first product of medical humanism. From that work we learn that he came into contact with Marco Polo. Among the views expressed in the Conciliator that are most worth record may be mentioned the statements that air has weight, that the brain is the source of the nerves, that the heart is the source of both veins and arteries and that the nerves convey sensation and impulses of movement and are to be distinguished from tendons and ligaments — all ideas that were novel at his time. The work was very popular and influential in the northern Italian schools of the fifteenth century” (Charles Singer in the Fascicolo di Medicina). A striking feature of the present edition is the large anatomical woodcut representing two nude figures holding each other by their shoulders; at the abdomen the anatomy of the abdominal muscles is shown. This cut is copied from the one in the 1496 edition, one of the earliest graphic incunabula of anatomy. Apparently only these two editions of the Conciliator contain this illustration, a copy of which occurs in Berengario’s Commentaria, 1521 (see Choulant pp. 141–142). Besides the Conciliator, this edition contains the Tractatus de venenis, which was the first book on toxicology to be printed (in 1472, G&M 2070), and another tract on the same subject by Pietro Carario de Montefelice. A rare edition, not in the Wellcome Library or the NLM; ICCU lists 2 copies in Italy.

First Etched Anatomical Plates 88. PLATTER, Felix. De Corporis Humani Structura et Usu Libri III. Tabulis methodicè explicati, iconibus accuratè illustrati. Qui libri cùm operi practico recens ab eodem autore edito plurimùm inserviant, denuò sunt publicati. Basileae [Basel]: Apud Ludovicum König. 1603. 2 parts in 1 volume, folio, pp. (vii), 197, (1), 1 leaf; ff. (1), 50, (1). Including 50 numbered engraved plates with text on facing pages. Separate title-page to the second part (Book III), Froben’s large woodcut device on the verso of the last leaf of first part (recto blank), woodcut headpieces and initials. Contemporary vellum (lower corners worn). Pale dampstain at foot of page in most of the first part, otherwise a nice copy. Some neat early annotations in the margins of the first dozen leaves, bookplate of Piergiorgio Borio. £3500 FIRST EDITION, second issue, comprising the sheets of the first issue of 1583 and cancels for the preliminary leaves. This copy preserves the leaf with the device of Froben, who published the first issue. An important anatomy, printed at Basel by Froben, who had printed Vesalius’s Fabrica sixty years previously. However, unlike the the Vesalian illustrations which are woodcuts, Platter’s illustrations are etchings, the first time that this medium was used for medical illustration. “The engravings are drawn in a free and spirited manner. The bones and the muscles are the best after the manner of the contemporaneous Swiss painters Christoph Maurer and Tobias Stimmer. The etching was done perhaps by Abel Stimmer. The illustrations are chiefly after Vesalius. One plate is after Coiter… Haller thinks that some of the figures are the results of Platter’s personal investigations” (Choulant). Among these original illustrations are the first printed illustration of a female skeleton (plate II), and the next one would not appear for another 150 years (in Sue’s edition of Monro). The first two Books are on the anatomy of various parts of the body in tabular form. Book III includes the 50 plates with the relevant text on the facing page of the preceding leaf, an innovation by Platter described by Herrlinger as “a milestone in the history of medical illustration.” Herrlinger, pp. 129–131. Choulant, p. 216. Cushing, Bio-bibliography of Andreas Vesalius, VI.D.–22 (with collation omitting one leaf from the second part).

Item 88, Platter

89. POISEUILLE, [Jean-Léonard-Marie]. Recherches sur les Causes du Mouvement du Sang dans les vaisseaux capillaires. [Paris: Imprimerie Royale, Mars 1839.] 4to, 80 pages, 6 folding engraved and stipple-engraved plates by Duméril after Chazal. Good modern quarter morocco, marbled sides. Some spotting, upper margins of paper slightly browned, two pale stains in the fore-edge margin of some leaves. £650 FIRST EDITION of the complete text (a brief analysis of this paper had appeared in May and December 1835). In this remarkable paper, Poiseuille described the first experiments which led him in 1840 to establish his law of the flow of liquids in tubes, which was fundamental in blood viscosimetry. It gained the prize for experimental physiology in March 1835. At the end are comments on the work of Müller, Hering and Weber made in the intervening four years. Poiseuille’s name is permanently associated with the physiology of the circulation of blood through the arteries. He was the first after Stephen Hales to make any important addition to the knowledge of the physiology of circulation. See G&M 767, his thesis on blood pressure (1828), and 768, his law of the flow of liquids in tubes (1840).

90. POMPONIUS MELA. De Situ Orbis libri tres, ad omnium Angliæ & Hiberniæ Codicum MSS, fidem, summa cura & diligentia recogniti & collati; tabulisque, cincta in eo scriptore gentium locorumque amplectentibus, nunc primum illustrati. Accedunt I. Notae… II. Dissertatio de Ariane: III. Synopsis Pomponiana… Iscæ Dunmoniorum [Exeter]: Typis Farleanis. Apud Philippum Bishop. 1711. 4to, 1 leaf, pp. 64, (26), and 27 folding engraved maps. Contemporary calf, neatly rebacked and corners repaired (sides rubbed, margins of first and last few leaves stained from the binding). Early signature of Thomas Stone of Oxford on front pastedown; also later signature of F.W.L. Thomas; bookplate of T.N. Brushfield on rear pastedown. £650 Provincial English printing of “the first extant geographical work in Latin and the only Roman treatise of the classical period devoted exclusively to that subject” (DSB). In this edition, printed in Exeter, each map bears the arms of the person to whom it is dedicated. These are chiefly members of Devonshire families, such as Chudleigh, Sydenham, Musgrave, Carew, etc. Pomponius Mela (fl. 44 AD) was a Roman from southern Spain, near Gibraltar. His geography, known as De chorographia or De Situ Orbis, was his only work. “An elegant and carefully edited edition” (Lowndes).

91. PRIESTLEY, Joseph. Histoire de L’Électricité, traduite de l’Anglois de Joseph Priestley avec des notes critiques. A Paris: Chez Herissant le fils… 1771. 3 volumes, 12mo, pp. xlvi, (ii), 432; 2 leaves, pp. 531, (1), 1 folding engraved plate; 2 leaves, pp. 474, (4), 8 folding plates. Contemporary blue boards, red morocco labels on spines. Boards a little worn, but a clean set. Library stamp and neat library inscription on half-titles, and on title-pages of volumes 2 and 3. £550 FIRST EDITION IN FRENCH of the first extensive history of electrical discovery and theory. The translators were the Abbé Nollet and Mathurin-Jacques Brisson. It was published on the advice of Benjamin Franklin and corrected by him, but the Wheeler Gift remarks that the numerous notes by Brisson are anti-Franklinian in nature. Ekelöf 474. Wheeler Gift 453b. Crook S/506.

92. PRIESTLEY, Joseph. The History and Present State of discoveries relating to Vision, Light, and Colours. London: Printed for J. Johnson… 1772. continued... 52

2 volumes, 4to, pp. v, (viii), xvi, 422; 1 leaf, pp. 423–812, (12), folding engraved biographical chart (frontispiece) and 24 stilted plates. Contemporary tree calf, nicely rebacked, edges slightly darkened. Last two leaves of subscribers misbound before the first two, a little foxing and offsetting (two gatherings in vol. 2 more spotted), but an excellent set. Signature of Stephen Freeman, 1799, in each volume. £2200 FIRST EDITION. The first history of theories of vision, light, and colour, containing a thorough review of virtually all the significant work in the field. It also contains substantial chapters on optical instruments (the telescope, microscope, etc.). “Although the History of Optics contains much useful information, it was considerably less successful than the History of Electricity. Until recently optics had not attracted substantial historical interest, and although Priestley’s History of Optics had but one English edition and a translation into German, it remained the only English work on the subject for a hundred and fifty years and the only one in any language for over fifty” (DSB). Parkinson, Breakthroughs, 1772. Crook S/479 (with incorrect plate count). This copy has an additional list of 28 subscribers on the verso of the errata leaf, including several from Jamaica.

James Cook on the Health of Mariners 93. PRINGLE Sir John. [Six Discourses.] London: Printed for the Royal Society, 1774 (–1778). 6 works in 1 volume, 4to. 2 leaves, 31 pages, errata slip pasted to p. (32); 32 pages, 1 leaf (errata); 33 pages; 2 leaves, 44 pages; 24 pages; 2 leaves, pp. (3)–33. Contemporary vellum, red morocco label on spine. Light foxing throughout, but a nice copy. Armorial bookplate of N. Vansittart. £22,500 FIRST EDITIONS and a complete set of these six discourses presented to the Royal Society by Sir John Pringle as President. The fourth of the these is A discourse upon some late improvements of the means for preserving the health of mariners (1776), which incorporates on pp. 39–44 the first appearance in print of James Cook’s account of the successful measures that he took to prevent scurvy on his first two voyages. Although James Lind in 1753 had presented the clinical proof that fresh fruit prevented scurvy, it was still rife in the navy. Cook, however, did not lose a single man through scurvy during his second voyage lasting over three years, thus demonstrating to the world the effectiveness of his measures. He won the Copley Medal for this important paper entitled “The Method taken for preserving the Health of the Crew of His Majesty's Ship the Resolution during her late Voyage round the World.” Pringle’s long presentation address, quoting directly from Cook and other sources, is followed by Cook’s paper and an extract from a letter from Cook to Pringle written in Plymouth Sound in July 1776, while Cook was preparing for his third and final voyage. Pringle, the founder of modern military medicine, applied his considerable talents and influence to the medical conditions in the navy, and was an intimate friend of Cook. The other discourses, each commemorating a presentation of the Copley Medal, are …on the different kinds of air, in which Pringle discusses Priestley’s discovery of oxygen, …on the torpedo, …on the attraction of mountains, discussing Maskelyne’s observations on the force of gravity on Schehallion which confirmed Newton’s theory of universal gravitation, …on the invention and improvements of the reflecting telescope, and …on the theory of gunnery. The discourses were republished in 1783 as a single work. G&M 2156 (Pringle’s paper) and 3714 ( Cook’s paper). Norman catalogue 508 (under Cook).

94. REMMELIN, Johann. Kleiner Welt Spiegel, Das ist: Abbildung Göttlicher Schöffung an deß Menschen Leib, mit beygesetzter Schrifftlicher Erklärung…auß Johannis Remmelini…Lateinischen Exemplar, in die Teutsche Sprach übersetzet, durch M. Johannen Ludovicum Remmelinum, Med. Stud. authoris filium. [Colophon:] Gedruckt zu Augspurg: durch Johann Schultes in Verlegung Johann Görlin Burger und Buchhändler in Ulm. 1661. continued... 53

Item 94, Remmelin

Item 94, Remmelin Large folio, 1 leaf + 22 pages, including the title-page within an elaborate engraved border and 3 full-page engraved anatomical plates (the first signed by Stephan Michelspacher) incorporating approximately 150 lifting flaps. Page 6 with an additional half-leaf of text pasted to the fore-edge margin, text in double columns within double ruled border with printed side-notes. Faint stain to the lower corners, several repairs to the margins of an early date. Early, perhaps contemporary blue boards, a little worn and soiled. Signature with a purchase note dated July 1826 in Nürnberg on front pastedown. £4500 Second edition in German of this extraordinary work originally intended for the teaching of anatomy, but even when obsolete it was retained as a curious method of book illustration. Remmelin’s Catoptrum Microcosmicum was first published in 1613 as 3 plates with no text, and in book form in 1619, the plates of which were re-used for the present edition. “When the Catoptrum appeared in 1613 the anatomical plates were unusual in several ways. Although they carried on the tradition of the fugitive sheets of the early part of the previous century they were far larger than any other copperplates… The dissection of the plates was also more complicated and the number of superimposed flaps greater. The illustrations were based on those of Vesalius whose work had revolutionised the study of anatomy. Their size alone marked these out for immediate attention” (Russell, p. 7). The first plate is the “Adam and Eve” plate, with male and female figures and the anatomy of the pregnant uterus as the principal figures. In the upper corner are the anatomy of the eye and the ear. The second plat shows the anatomy of the male, with the anatomy of the liver and the brain seen from above as additional figures with flaps. The third plate shows the anatomy of the female, with the anatomy of the brain seen from below as an additional figure. All the principal figures incorporate several series of flaps over various parts of the body. continued... 55

Remmelin did not originate the technique of demonstrating anatomy by the use of successive layers of flaps, but it reached its pinnacle in this extraordinary work. The use of the technique gradually declined, but saw a revival in the nineteenth century. Russell, A bibliography of Johann Remmelin the anatomist, pp. 66–67.

95. SAKOSKY, [Albert]. Coup d'oeil sur les imperfections de la chaussure, et les incommodités qui en proviennent, suivi de l'examen d'un procédé ingénieux qui a l'avantage de corriger les unes et de faire disparaître ou prévenir les autres. A Paris: Chez l’auteur…de l’imprimerie de Didot Jeune. 1811. 8vo, pp. xvi, 86, (2) blank. Some light foxing. Later blue roan. Bookplates of Walter Seelig and J. Colin Dagnall, historians of chiropody. £300 FIRST EDITION of a very rare monograph on the anatomy and function of the foot, on the effect of footwear, and on the ways of altering and correcting footwear to ensure a better fit. The last part describes shoe stretchers, for which Sakosky was granted an imperial patent.

96. SAKOSKY, [Albert]. Formes et Embouchoirs Mécaniques, propres à allonger élargier et agrandir la chaussure, suivant les incommodités ou la conformation du pied; et pour lesquels l’auteur a obtenu un brevet d’invention. A Paris: Chez l’auteur… 1814. 8vo, pp. 15, (1). Modern half calf by Sangorski & Sutcliffe, the original blue sugar-paper wrappers bound in. Faint dampstain in upper inner corners. Bookplate of J. Colin Dagnall, historian of chiropody. £350 FIRST EDITION(?) of Sakosky’s monograph on shoe stretchers, for which he had been granted a patent by the Emperor Napoleon. Sakosky signs himself as bootmaker to the King of Prussia on the title-page. Very rare: not in Copac, WorldCat, Bibliothèque Nationale, etc.

97.

SCARPA, Antonio. De Structura Fenestrae Rotundae Auris, et de tympano secundario anatomicae observationes. Mutinae [Modena]: Apud Societatem Typographicam, 1772. 8vo, pp. 141, (1), (2) blank, 2 folding engraved plates. Title with typographical border Contemporary half sheep (foot of spine and one corner worn). Bookplates of Piergiorgio Borio. £2400 FIRST EDITION. In this book on the round window of the ear, Scarpa gave a more accurate and detailed description of the osseous labyrinth than any before him, and demonstrated the true function of the round window. The first chapter contains historical considerations, and the next two treat in detail of the structure, position and function of the round window. The third chapter deals with its physiology, in which Scarpa described its true function, and stated his belief that sound travels to the labyrinth by way of both the ossicles and the air of the tympanic cavity. “The anatomical description and physiological interpretations of Scarpa relating to his conclusions are universally accepted even at the present time” (Monti, Antonio Scarpa, p. 44). G&M 1550. Politzer, History of otology (1981), pp. 157–158. This was Scarpa’s first scientific work, and is very scarce.

Eighteenth Century Agricultural Trade Catalogue 98. SHARP, James. Descriptions of some of the Utensils in Husbandry, Rolling Carriages, Cart Rollers, and divided rollers for land or gardens, mills, weighing engines, &c. &c. Made and sold by James Sharp, No 15, Leadenhall-Street, London; which may be seen at his manufactory, No 133, Tooley-Street, Southwark. London: Sold by Benjamin White… Henry Payne, and James Dodsley…and Charles Dilly… [n.d., c. 1779]. continued... 56

Item 98, Sharp

Oblong 4to, 34 unnumbered pages and 19 engraved plates. Including the first leaf (printed title), and last leaf (docket title), woodcut on p. (29) of a “Common Stage”. Contemporary half calf (ends of spine and two corners a little worn), a beautifully preserved copy with original stab-holes visible in inner margin of some leaves, and a vertical crease down the centre (as intended, so as to show the docket title on the verso of the last leaf when folded). Contemporary armorial bookplate of Christopher Jeaffreson of Dullingham (Cambridgeshire). £7750 Second edition (?), and a rare survival of an eighteenth century trade catalogue for a manufacturer of carts, agricultural machines and garden rollers. The plates show mostly agricultural machines, especially ploughs and hand-mills, but also garden rollers, a cart-roller, and carts (this plate is dated 1773). It includes a horse-hoe very similar to Tull’s original design, and a winnowing machine very similar to those still in use in the twentieth century. Apart from these products, Sharp also made weighing machines, anchors, trucks, and many smaller items such as axles and shafts. Agriculture, which was easily the largest source of employment in the eighteenth century, required advances in its technology in order to progress, and it was largely due to a lack of suitable machinery that Jethro Tull’s methods were slow to gain acceptance. This catalogue, probably among the first of its kind, shows some of the machinery and equipment that was available at the time. COPAC lists only two editions; another edition with only 28 pages and 16 plates, and with the imprint “Sold by Benjamin White…and Edward and Charles Dilly… ”, appeared in about 1777.

99. SIGAUD DE LA FOND, [Joseph Aignan]. Précis Historique et Expérimental des Phénomènes Électriques, depuis l’origine de cette découverte jusqu’a ce jour. A Paris: [De l’Imprimerie Demonville,] Rue et Hôtel Serpente. 1781. continued... 57

8vo, pp. xvi, 742, (2), 9 folding engraved plates by Sellier of electrical apparatus and experiments. Contemporary mottled sheep (ends of spine neatly restored, several wormholes in surface of both covers), marbled endpapers, red edges. Dampstain (very faint) in first 40 leaves, foxing and dampstain on 4 other leaves, otherwise a very good copy. £550 FIRST EDITION, one of several comprehensive books on electricity published by Sigaud de la Fond, who was actually a practitioner of obstetrics as well as a demonstrator of physics. He attended Nollet’s lectures and succeeded him as Professor of Physics and Chemistry at the college at Bourges. The phenomena and laws of electricity are compared and discussed at length, as well as their history and application to medicine. “In the first edition of his Précis Historique, published in 1781, Sigaud claims to have made already in 1756, twenty-five years earlier, a considerable improvement to the electricity machine by replacing the old Hauksbee glass cylinder with a glass disk. The invention is generally attributed to Martin Planta (1727–1772), a seminar director from the Swiss Engadine Valley, who used the disk in 1755” (Ekelöf). Ekelöf 496. Wheeler Gift 505.

100. SIMS, J[ames] Marion. Clinical Notes on Uterine Surgery. With special reference to the management of the sterile condition. With biographical sketch and portrait. New York: J.H. Vail & Co. 1886. 8vo, pp. xxvi, 401, frontispiece portrait, numerous text illustrations. Original cloth, spine neatly repaired but dull, black endpapers replaced, head of spine and tips of corners a little rubbed, upper corner of title and dedication creased. Signature on title of William Wilson. £180 See G&M 6057 (London edition of 1866). Sims’ most important work, and his only book. It includes a description of the speculum named after him, and his pioneering work on the treatment of infertility, including analysis of the conditions essential to conception. Published posthumously, this edition includes a portrait and a biography of Sims by Paul F. Mundé. See Grolier One Hundred (Medicine), 66B; Lilly, Notable medical books, p. 225; Speert, Milestones, pp. 442–454; Thoms, Classical Contributions, pp. 235–239; Zimmerman & Veith pp. 436–457.

101. SMEATON, John. Experimental Enquiry concerning the Natural Powers of Wind and Water to turn Mills and Other Machines depending on a Circular Motion. And an experimental examination of the quantity and proportion of mechanic power necessary to be employed in giving different degrees of velocity to heavy bodies from a state of rest. Also new fundamental experiments upon the collision of bodies. The second edition. London: I. and J. Taylor, 1796. 8vo, pp. vii, 110, (2) adverts, 5 folding engraved plates from drawings by Smeaton, 2 folding tables, other tables in the text. Original boards, uncut and partly unopened, printed paper label on spine. Spine slightly cracked, and foot of spine torn, but a very fine, fresh copy. The Macclesfield copy, with the South Library bookplate and blind stamp at the top of the first four leaves. £650 Second edition in book form of these three papers, detailing the experiments “that constituted his chief contribution to science” (DSB). The first and longest paper is best known for Smeaton’s demonstration that overshot waterwheels, contrary to popular opinion, are twice as efficient as undershot. “Smeaton was not only the greatest civil engineer of the 18th century but ‘the first to achieve distinction as an engineering scientist’ (Skempton). His reputation largely sprang from these three seminal papers. The first and most famous, on wind- and watermills (‘justly regarded as the most masterly report ever published on this subject’, comments Samuel Smiles) established an empirical tradition in British engineering as well as the use of scale model testing in fluid mechanics. The second paper, which grew directly out of the first, is concerned with prime-mover experiments, continued... 58

particularly in relation to the concept of work, while the third, on the collision of bodies, sets out successfully to measure exactly the loss of energy on impact using an instrument designed and made by Smeaton himself. In all three he is concerned to apply sound theory to practical engineering and ‘in taking this position…was equalled by few and excelled by none (Norman Smith, ‘Scientific Work’ in John Smeaton FRS, edited by A.W. Skempton). Skempton, British civil engineering 1640–1840, 1344.

102. SMITH, Robert. A Compleat System of Opticks in four books, viz. a popular, a mathematical, a mechanical, and a philosophical treatise… Cambridge: Printed for the author… 1738. 2 volumes, 4to, pp. (vi), vi, (viii), 280; 1 leaf, pp. (281)–455, 171, (12), and 83 folding engraved plates with numerous figures. Contemporary calf (a little rubbed, joints expertly repaired). Pale dampstain on last few leaves of volume 2, but a very clean copy. £2400 FIRST EDITION of what was “probably the most influential optical textbook of the eighteenth century” (DSB). Of the four Books, the first deals with the fundamental experiments in optics, while the second provides a more formal treatment of the geometrical theory. The third Book describes apparatus for grinding and polishing lenses, with original contributions by Samuel Molyneux and John Hadley, and gives a complete account of the construction and use of the principal optical instruments, especially the microscope. The fourth book is a history of celestial discoveries with the telescope. Babson 161. Gjertsen, The Newton Handbook, pp. 548–549: “…the standard account of Newtonian optics.” Kemp, The Science of Art, p. 153, etc: “…a book of considerable importance.”

With Samuel Johnsons’s “Life” 103. SYDENHAM, Thomas. The Entire Works…, newly made English from the originals: wherein the history of acute and chronic diseases, and the safest and most effectual methods of treating them, are faithfully, clearly, and accurately delivered. To which are added, explanatory and practical notes, from the best medicinal writers. London: Printed for Edward Cave,… 1742. 8vo, 1 leaf, pp. xi, (i) blank, xxiii, 2 leaves, pp. 623, 12 leaves. Contemporary calf, sides and spine compartments ruled with double gilt border, red morocco label. Early signatures of John Brown and J. Winterflood on front free endpaper, signature of Martin Cottingham at top of title. £600 First edition of Swan’s translation, and the first publication of Samuel Johnson's seven-page “Life of Dr. Sydenham.” The publisher of this edition, Edward Cave, was the originator of the Gentleman’s Magazine, which printed some of Samuel Johnson’s first published work. It seems likely that Swan was introduced to Cave who commissioned this translation and then commissioned a biography from Johnson. The “Life” was reprinted in the Gentleman's Magazine later in the year (December). Swan’s was the second edition in English of Sydenham’s complete works, after Pechey’s of 1696, but it was Swan’s edition that became the main English source for Sydenham’s thoughts until that of R.G. Latham in two volumes (1848–50) superseded it. “The sound judgement and acute observations of Thomas Sydenham, the English Hippocrates, freed clinical medicine from the last vestiges of medievalism, and set the pattern for further progress” (Dewhurst, Dr. Thomas Sydenham (1624–1689), p. vii. Meynell, A Bibliography of…Sydenham, 15.1. Fleeman, A bibliography of… Johnson, 42.11SW/1. Courtney, p. 12. Chapman and Hazen, pp. 125–126.

104. TORMIN, Ludwig. Magische Strahlen. Die Gewinnung photographischer Lichtbilder lediglich durch odisch-magnetische Austrahlung des menschlichen Körpers. Düsseldorf: Verlag von Schmitz & Olbertz, 1896. continued... 59

8vo, 20 pages, with 2 figures in the text. Original printed wrappers (spine a little torn), uncut and unopened. £120 FIRST EDITION. The month of publication, March, has been added to the imprint on the upper wrapper. See Otto Glasser, Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen and the Early History of the Roentgen Rays, p. 208.

105. TRNKA Z KROVIC, Václav. Historia Cardialgiae omnis aevi observata medica continuens. Vindobonae [Vienna]: Litteris I.D. Hörlingianis. 1785. 8vo, 5 leaves, 390 pages, 7 leaves. Paper rather browned and foxed up to signature M (also signature Z) owing to a different paper stock, minor foxing elsewhere. Contemporary vellum, spine slightly discoloured and with two small holes. Small stamp of Gildemeester on front free endpaper. £360 FIRST EDITION. This work contains an extensive survey of cardialgia, gastralgia, and all related subjects. It is particularly valuable for its historical sections, being one of the earliest books of its kind, in fact the sixth on the subject listed by Forbes (Manual of Select Medical Bibliography, 1835). Copies are variously bound, with the errata either at the beginning or at the end. A few copies (e.g. the Wellcome copy) have an advertisement leaf in German not present here.

106. VESALIUS, Andreas. De Humani Corporis Fabrica Libri Septem. Basilieae [Basel]: Per Joannem Oporinum, [1555]. Folio (43 x 28.6 cm.), 6 leaves, 824 pages, 24 leaves. Including the woodcut title, portrait of Vesalius on a6 verso, the two folding leaves X1 and bb6, the unpaginated leaf X2, and the final leaf Ee6 (blank but for the large woodcut printer’s device on the verso). With more than 220 anatomical woodcuts in the text, including 17 full-page, and more than 200 woodcut initials. The full-page figure of the nerves on p. 527 is partly hand-coloured. Small wormhole in pp. 783 to the end affecting a few letters, pale stain in extreme upper corner of last few leaves. Contemporary blindstamped pigskin dated 1575, upper cover with fleurs de lys within two geometric patterns of interlocking circles, squares and triangles all within three roll-tooled borders, lower cover with two roll-tooled panels within three roll-tooled borders (a little soiled, cut mark on lower cover, ends of upper joint cracked, one lower corner worn, lacking ties). A fine, large, and very clean copy. £90,000 SECOND FOLIO EDITION, and the finest edition of Vesalius‘s truly epoch-making book from every point of view, including its typography, illustration, and textual content, as it incorporates Vesalius’s final textual revisions (he died in 1564). Chronologically this is the third edition, the second being a 16mo pocket edition published in Lyons in 1552. This second edition was prepared on an even more sumptuous scale than the first. The paper is heavier and the type larger, there being 49 instead of 57 lines to the page, and the title-page was recut. “The impression of the woodcuts is often clearer, and more beautiful than in the previous edition; some of the figures have been improved in the cutting and in the lettering. The presswork is more splendid; the fancy initials throughout are larger and more beautiful, and are also adorned with drawings different from those of the first edition. This second edition therefore has, especially for practical purposes, advantages over the first on account of additions in the text and in the illustrations and particularly on account of its more splendid makeup” (Choulant). Vesalius discovered the science of anatomy. The publication of this book was the greatest event in medical history since the work of Galen. Vastly superior and incomparable to any earlier anatomical treatise, it revolutionised the approach to anatomy, and hence the whole approach to medicine, by independent observation. It is the most splendid and comprehensive of a large number of anatomical treatises of the sixteenth century, and indeed one of the most beautifully printed books in the history of science. “The splendid woodcuts representing majestic skeleton and flayed figures, dwarfing a background landscape, set the fashion for over a century, and were copied or imitated by a long line of anatomic illustrators…” (Garrison). continued... 60

Item 106, Vesalius

G&M 377. Cushing, Bio-Bibliography, VI.A.-3. Choulant pp. 181–182. Norman catalogue 2139. For the first edition of 1543 see G&M 375; PMM 91; Horblit 98; Dibner 122; Grolier One Hundred (Medicine), 18B, and Lilly 29. This is a particularly clean and large copy.

107. VESALIUS, Andreas. De Humani Corporis Fabrica Libri Septem. Cum indice rerum & verborum memorabilium locupletissimo. Venetiis [Venice]: Apud Franciscum Franciscium Senensem, & Joannem Criegher Germanum, 1568. Folio, 6 leaves, pp. 510, (46). With 20 full-page and about 130 smaller anatomical woodcuts in the text. Printer’s woodcut device on title. Early 18th-century mottled sheep, spine gilt. Bookplates of Piergiorgio Borio, M.D. A nice crisp copy in attractive condition. £17,500 Fourth edition (the third in folio with illustrations), and the first to be posthumously published. This edition is well printed on durable paper and set up with marginal notes exactly as in the Basel 1555 edition. In 1564 Vesalius stopped in Venice on his way to the Holy Land and submitted his last book, a reply to Falloppio, to the printer Francesco Senense for publication. Vesalius died later than year on the island of Zante. Four year later and in collaboration with a Pomeranian engraver, Joannes Criegher, Senense printed the present edition, the complete text of the 1555 Fabrica but in smaller folio format and with the woodcuts slightly reduced. “The new woodcuts for the illustrations, however, were so well executed that the engraver might almost have passed for the same person who in Venice at the behest of Vesalius had cut the original blocks for the larger work” (Cushing). It must have been an expensive undertaking, but it shows that there was still a demand for the Latin text and the illustrations that could be met by a less costly edition than the ponderous 1555 edition. Cushing, Bio-bibliography, VI.A.-4.

108. WARDROP, James. An Account of some Diseases of the Toes and Fingers, with observations on their treatment. From the fifth volume of the Medico-Chirurgical Transactions. Published by the Medical and Chirurgical Society of London. London: Printed by W. Bulmer and Co… 1814. 8vo, 16 pages, 1 stipple-engraved plate. Modern boards. Library inscription on title, and stamp on the plate. Bookplate of J. Colin Dagnall, the historian of chiropody. £200 FIRST SEPARATE EDITION. On inflammation and ulceration of the nails and their surrounding soft parts, corns, and chilblains.

109. [WARE, Samuel.] Tracts on Vaults and Bridges. Containing observations on the various forms of vaults; on the taking down and rebuilding London Bridge; and on the principles of arches: illustrated by extensive tables of bridges. Also containing the principles of pendent bridges, with reference to the properties of the catenary, applied to the Menai Bridge. And a theoretical investigation of the catenary. London: Printed for Thomas and William Boone… sold by Longman… 1822. 3 parts in 1 volume, 8vo, pp. xx, 3 leaves (errata, list of plates, and sub-title), pp. 73, and 14 folding or double-page plates; 1 leaf, pp. 71, 2 folding plates; 1 leaf, pp. 177, 6 folding plates. Pp. 43 in the first part, 35a in the second part, 145 and 177 are folding tables (versos blank). Original blue boards (faded and extremities a little worn), slightly later cloth spine, unlettered, uncut edges, with Boone’s ticket on the front pastedown. PRESENTATION COPY to Davies Gilbert, engineer and treasurer (later president) of the Royal Society, inscribed to “Davies Gilbert, From the Author, 1822” on the front free endpaper; also with the signature of his son John Davies Gilbert (FRS, 1811–1854). Remnants of the bookplate of Trelissick House, Cornwall (J.G. Gilbert’s estate). £800 continued... 62

FIRST EDITION, comprising three essays by the London architect Samuel Ware (1781–1860). The first considers the behaviour of vaults and domes, and was intended to supplement Ware’s book of 1809 on the same subject. The second, responding to John Rennie’s projected design for a new London Bridge, provides technical analysis of the load bearing capacity of arches and other elements in bridge construction. The third and longest tract concerns Ware’s design for a suspension bridge over the Menai Straits and the theory of suspension bridge construction, with particular reference to Thomas Telford’s Menai Bridge (Ware believed that Telford’s design had insufficient strength and that his own design was superior and less costly). This is a nice association copy: Davies Gilbert and his work on suspension bridges is cited on pp. x–xi. Skempton 1756.

110. WATSON, White. A Delineation of the Strata of Derbyshire, forming the surface from Bolsover in the east to Buxton in the west, by a plate, designed from a tablet, composed of the specimens of each stratum within the above line, with an explanatory account of the same; together with a description of the fossils found in these strata; and also of the nature and quality of the respective soils. Sheffield: Printed by W. Todd… 1811. 4to, pp. viii, 1 leaf (dedication), pp. iii, 72, 1 leaf (”Advertisement”), folding frontispiece of the geological section, 1 engraved plate. Gathering E misbound after gathering F. Bound with two other works (see below) in near-contemporary purple calf, sides panelled in blind and gilt, spine gilt (surface slightly rubbed), marbled edges and endpapers, a lovely copy. Armorial Belper bookplate (see below). £950 FIRST EDITION. One of the first English books to illustrate geological strata by the use of a section. “In 1811 and 1813 White Watson published two interesting little books describing Derbyshire strata, with a section across them. The section is nearly two feet long; the general broad anticlinal structure is well shown, but the vertical scale is so enormously exaggerated as to distort the natural arrangement. Ford (1960) [‘White Watson (1760–1835) and his geological sections’ in Proc. Geol. Ass., 71, 346–363] has recently thrown a flood of light on Watson and his work” (Challinor, p. 92). The section was originally made in 1794 as a tablet using specimens of the rocks themselves. “It was described briefly in an explanatory leaflet published at Bakewell in 1794, revised 1797, and much more fully in the [present] work of 1811, which is an interesting contribution to early stratigraphical literature” (Edwards, The early history of palaeontology, p. 54).

Item 110, Watson continued... 63

This copy is bound with Rev. Samuel Pegge’s Sketch of the history of Bolsover and Peak Castles, in the county of Derby (1785), and Charles Sylvester’s The philosophy of domestic economy (1819), on the pioneering design of the Derbyshire Infirmary. This latter work is dedicated to William Strutt, who designed the heating and ventilating system for the Infirmary, and whose son Edward became Lord Belper, whose bookplate is in the front endpaper. This is probably therefore the dedicatee’s own copy.

111. YOUNG, David. Observations upon Fire, with a view to the best and most expeditious methods of extinguishing it, upon a new plan, with or without water. Edinburgh: Printed for the Author,... 1784. 8vo, 2 leaves + 48 pages. Original blue wrappers, stitched as issued. Wrappers slightly soiled, otherwise fine. £550 FIRST EDITION. Young recommends that if no water is available to extinguish a fire, it should be smothered with any suitable material; also that a fire can be put out by removing its fuel, and that it can be blown out using gunpowder. He also recommends splitting a large fire into several smaller ones. At the end he gives a course of action to be taken in the event of a fire.

112. YOUNG, Thomas. A Course of Lectures on Natural Philosophy and the Mechanical Arts. London: Printed for Joseph Johnson,… 1807.. 2 volumes, 4to, pp. xxiv, (ii) subtitle, 544, 565–796, 43 plates (including 2 brilliantly hand-coloured); xii, (ii) sub-title, 738, 15 plates. Near-contemporary calf, spines with gilt devices in compartments, and red and blue morocco labels, spines slightly faded and a little rubbed on the raised bands, but a fine copy. Gilt device of the Northern Lighthouse Board in top compartments. £3600 FIRST EDITION. Young’s first and most important book, the result of his first professional appointment, to the Royal Institution. It is a course of lectures covering virtually the whole of theoretical science and technology. It includes his completed undulatory theory of light, with a description of his experimental demonstration of interference. In the lecture “On Collision” he was probably the first to use the term “energy”, and in another lecture he defined a “modulus of elasticity” (Young’s modulus). The second volume includes a bibliography of some 20,000 references (which was omitted from the second edition and has never been reprinted), and reprints of his classic papers from the Philosophical Transactions, in which he established the wave theory of light and discovered the principle of light interference, gave the first description of astigmatism, and in general established the principles of physiological optics (see G&M 1486–1488). Parkinson, Breakthroughs, 1807. Roberts & Trent, Bibliotheca Mechanica, 369.

Item 106: Andreas Vesalius. De Humani Corporis Fabrica Libri Septem.