Disaster Studio:
M.Arch Studio II - ARCS 5106 JAIMI-YRA BENDO in collaboration with Lara Chow
Photo on front cover: Entrance of Penrose Building at the old Rockwood Asylum. Photo taken by Lara Chow Photo to the right: A patient cell inside Penrose Building
DISASTER STUDIO - FRAGMENTS OF PENROSE Jaimi-Yra Bendo in collaboration with Lara Chow A disaster can be defined in numerous ways. For this project we have defined DISASTER as an event or fact that has unfortunate consequences that result in the lose of life and a situation where the resources are not adequate to the relation to the need. MENTAL ILLNESS contribute more to the global burden of disease than all cancers combined. Approximately 450 million people worldwide suffer from a mental disorder. However, over 75% of those people will never receive the help they need. Ultimately making suicide the #1 cause of violent death in the world. Every 40 seconds, someone in the world commits suicide. Mental illness can be considered a “silent disaster.” SILENT DISASTERS are types of disasters that rarely – if ever - reach international headlines. However, in today’s headlines, the effects of mental illness are being made aware publicly, but still often with a negative stigma. The adaptive re-use project renews one of Canada’s first Asylums, the ROCKWOOD ASYLUM in Kingston, Ontario. Currently left to decay, the Rockwood Asylum’s main building, known as Penrose building, is a grand century old limestone building. The design attempts to create a dynamic dialogue between the existing and new building, addressing contrasting issues of light vs. solid, transparency vs. opaque, and new vs. old while also maintaining the integrity of the existing heritage building. Eliminating the negative stigma associated with mental illness through education can help us understand the truth behind the illness, and relieve people from the fear of being judged by those around them. An effort to educate, generate awareness, promote understanding, and actively help patients is the fundamental concept of FRAGMENTS OF PENROSE. The Fragments of Penrose program incorporates an active art therapy treatment centre, a museum of the history of mental illness, art gallery and artists studio. The galleries will exhibit works of individuals affected by mental illness. Through art, the program educate the community and work to break down stigma of mental illness by bringing focus to the artistic vision. Art therapy has been employed since the late 1800’s as a method to help patients with mental illness express their emotions through creative direction, since emotions are more readily expressed through art rather than language. The active treatment centre focuses on providing patients a space to practice art therapy either in a group or individual setting, with or without the guidance of a therapist. The design concepts MEMORIALIZES the history and development of treatments of mental illness and it’s architecture. It is to commemorate those who suffered and died during the pursuit of a better understanding and treatments of mental illness.
VISUALIZING
THE BRAIN As the name suggests, mental illness, clearly indicates that there are complications with the mind, inevitably, the brain. The architecture of the brain is complex. For hundreds of years documentation and experiments were conducted to gain a better understanding of the human brain, and the causes of mental illness. Hundreds of thousands of chemical reactions occur every second in the brain; those reactions underlie the thoughts, feeling, and behaviors with which we respond to environmental stimuli.
ADJUSTMENT DISORDERS ad·just·ment dis·or·der (AD) (a-jest-ment disôr-der) noun disorders in this category relate to a significantly more difficult adjustment to a life situation than would normally be expected considering the circumstances. When this adjustment causes significant problems for an abnormal length of time, it may be considered an adjustment disorder.
ANXIETY DISORDERS anx·i·e·ty (ang-zī-itē) noun [early 16th century: from French anxiété or Latin anxietas, from anxius] (Anxiety Disorder) persist feeling of dread, apprehension, and impending disaster. An acute anxiety state is a sudden reaction to a frightening or worrying situation whereas a chronic anxiety state is a more prolonged response to stress. Types of Anxiety Disorder: Agoraphobia, Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD), Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder ( ), Panic Disorder (with or without Agoraphobia), Phobias (including Social Phobia), Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)
gen·er·al·ized anx·i·e·ty dis·or·der (GAD) noun a psychological disorder characterized by excessive or disproportionate anxiety about several aspects of life, such as work, social relationships, or financial matters. ob·ses·sive–com·pul·sive adjective/noun (Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD)) denoting or relating to an anxiety disorder in which a person feels compelled to perform certain stereotyped actions repeatedly to alleviate persistent fears or intrusive thoughts, typically resulting in severe disruption of daily life. Patients often have a narrowed cognitive focus on particular objects or situations (obsessions).
Brain - Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD): Caudate nucleas, thalamus, cingulate cortex, orbital prefrontal cortex.
pan·ic dis·or·der noun characterized by sudden attacks of intense fear or anxiety, usually associated with numerous physical symptoms such as heart palpitations, rapid breathing or shortness of breath, blurred vision, dizziness, and racing thoughts. Often these symptoms are thought to be a heart attack by the individual. Brain - Anxiety Disorder: Thalamus, amygadala, locus coeruleus, hypothalamus, dorsal raphe nycleus, and basal ganglia.
ag·o·ra·pho·bi·a (ag-e-re-fō-bē-a) noun [late 19th century: from Greek agora ‘place of assembly, marketplace’ + -phobia] obsessive, persistent, intense fear of open places.
pho·bi·a (fō-bē-a) noun [late 18th century: independent usage of -phobia] an irrational fear of an object or situation. post-trau·mat·ic stress dis·or·der (PTSD) (pōst-trômat-ik dis-ôr-der) noun a psychological disorder that develops in some individuals after a major traumatic experience such as war, rape, domestic violence, or accident. Symptoms include re-experiencing the
trauma through nightmares, obsessive thoughts, and flashbacks. There is an avoidance component as well, where the individual avoids situations, people, and/or objects which remind him or her about the traumatic event. so·cial pho·bi·a (sōSHel fōbēa) noun situational specific phobia where fear is induced by real or anticipated contact with other people. This can apply to any type of social contact, but commonly large groups and performance under pressure make symptoms worse.
DEMENTIA de·men·tia (di-men-SHea) noun [late 18th century: from Latin, from demens, dement- ‘out of one’s mind’.] loss of intellectual abilities of sufficient severity to interfere with social or occupational functioning. The dysfunction is multifaceted and involves memory, behaviour, personality, judgment, attention, spatial relations, language, abstract thought, and other executive functions. The intellectual decline is usually progressive, and initially spares the level of consciousness. Caused by brain disease or injury.
Brain - Alzeimer’s Disease (AD): Cortex of the frontal lobe, partietal lobe, occipital lobe, and temporal lobe, hippocampus and amygdala.
chron·ic trau·mat·ic en·ceph·a·lop·a·thy (CTE) (krän-ik trô-mat-ik en-sefe-läp-a-THē) noun also known as Dementia Pugilistica. CTE affects about 20% of professional boxers and also other regular participants in high-impact sports such as rugby or American football. It is supposed to arise from the multiple minor head traumas suffered in the course of a boxing career, and contusions, diffuse axonal injuries, ishaemia and disruptions of the blood-brain barrier have all been suggested as mechanisms. creutz·feldt–ja·kob dis·ease (CJD) (kroits-feltyäkôb di-zēz) noun a fatal degenerative disease affecting nerve cells in the brain, causing mental, physical, and sensory disturbances such as dementia and seizures. de·men·tial with lew·y bod·ies (DLB) noun also known as Lewy Body Dementia (LBD). A progressive degenerative dementia of the elderly. Its primary feature is cognitive decline, particularly of executive functioning.
Brain - Dementia: Partiel lobe, temporal lobe and frontal lobe
alz·hei·mer’s dis·ease (AD) (älts-hīm-rz di-zēz) noun progressive mental deterioration that can occur in middle or old age, due to generalized degeneration of the brain. It is the most common cause of premature senility. And is the most common form of dementia in the elderly.
hun·ting·ton’s cho·re·a (hen-tiNG-tenz ke-rēa) noun [late 19th century] A hereditary disease marked by degeneration of the brain cells and causing chorea and progressive dementia. The disease progresses rapidly with an average duration of less than 8 years. par·kin·son’s dis·ease (PD) (pär-kin-sonz di-zēz) noun [late 19th century] also known as Parkinsonism. A condition in which there is impairment of voluntary
movement, rigidity of muscles and a characteristic tremor. It is caused by damage to, or disease of, the basal ganglia of the brain or the interconnections between them and the rest of the brain. pri·on dis·ease (prī-än di-zēz) noun also known as prionopathy(ies). A group of rapidly progressive neurodegenerative disorders that are cause by misfiled proteins. A unique feature is that these pathologically altered proteins can be transmitted from one organism to another and induce similar molecular changes and thus cause the disease in the host. This transmission mode is similar to that of classical infections, which has led to the term prion, ‘proteinaceous infectious agent’. vas·cu·lar de·men·tia (VD) (vas-kye-ler di-menSHea) noun also known as Leukoaraiosis and/or Binswanger’s Disease. Caused by an impaired supply of blood to the brain, such as may be caused by a series of small strokes, often in white matter.
DISSOCIATIVE DISORDERS dis·so·ci·ate dis·or·der (di-sō-SHē-āt dis-ôr-der) noun also known as multiple personality disorder. Main symptom cluster for dissociative disorders include a disruption in consciousness, memory, identity, or perception. In other words, one of these areas is not working correctly and causing significant distress within the individual. am·ne·sia (am-nē-ZHa) noun [late 18th century: from Greek amnēsia ‘forgetfulness’] also known as dissociative amnesia. A partial or total loss of memory related to traumatic or stressful events which are too extreme to be accounted for by normal forgetting. de·per·son·al·i·za·tion (dē-per-sen-el-e-zā-SHen) noun alteration in the perception of the self so that the usual sense of one’s own reality is lost, manifested in a sense of unreality or self-estrangement, in changes of body image, or in a feeling that one does not control his own actions and speech. de·re·al·i·za·tion (dē-rē-el-e-zā-SHen) noun is characterized by the loss of the sense of reality concerning one’s surroundings.
dis·so·ci·ate i·den·ti·ty dis·or·der (di-sō-SHēāt ī-den-ti-tē dis-ôr-der) noun formally known as Multiple Personality Disorder. The existence of more than one distinct identity or personality within the same individual.
Brain - Dissociative Identity Disorder: Hippocampus and amygdala.
fugue (fyoōg) noun [late 16th century: from French, or from Italian fuga, from Latin fuga ‘flight’] also known as dissociative amnesia. occurs most often during extreme stress. The primary feature of this disorder is abrupt travel away from home, an inability to remember important aspects of one’s life, and the partial or complete adoption of a new identity. psy·chop·a·thy (sī-käp-e-THē) noun (Psychopathic Disorder) a type of personality disorder in which antisocial behaviours occur without remorse or shame. There is a failure to learn by experience and an egocentricity and inability to form close relationships involving mutual trust.
EATING DISORDERS eat·ing dis·or·der (ēt-ing dis-ôr-der) noun characterized by disturbances in eating behaviour. This can mean eating too much, not eating enough, or eating in an extremely unhealthy manner (such as binging). an·o·rex·i·a (an-e-rek-sē-a) noun [late 16th cent.: via late Latin from Greek, from an- ‘without’ + orexis ‘appetite.’] also known as Anorexia Nervosa
(AN). Lack or loss of appetite for food. Appetite is psychologic, dependent on memory and associations. Characterized by failure to maintain body weight of at least 85% of what is expected, fear of becoming ‘fat.’ There is typically a distorted body image, where the individual sees themselves as overweight despite overwhelming evidence to the contrary.
Brain - Impulse Control Disorder: Limbic System and frontal lobe.
Brain - Anorexia Nervosa (AN): Dorsolateral frontal cortex, visual cortex, ventral striatum and insula.
binge eat·ing (binj ēt-ing) noun (Binge-Eating Disorder (BED)). Periodic intake of excessive amounts of food, often high calorie food. bu·lim·i·a (boō-lim-ē-a) noun [late Middle English (as bolisme, later bulimy): modern Latin, or from medieval Latin bolismos, from Greek boulimia ‘ravenous hunger’, from bous ‘ox’ + limos ‘hunger’] also known as Bulimia Nervosa (BN). An emotional disorder characterized by a distorted body image and an obsessive desire to lose weight, in which bouts of extreme overeating (binge eating) are followed by fasting or self-induced vomiting.
IMPULSE CONTROL DISORDERS im·pulse con·trol dis·or·der (ICD) (im-pels kentrōl dis-ôr-der) noun disorders in this category include the failure or extreme difficulty in controlling impulses despite the negative consequences. There is also impulse to engage in violent behaviour.
in·ter·mit·tent ex·plo·sive dis·or·der (in-ter-mitnt ik-splō-siv dis-ôr-der) noun characterized by frequent and often unpredictable episodes of extreme anger or physical outbursts, when there is typically no evidence of violence or physical threat. klep·to·ma·ni·a (klep-te-mā-nya) noun [mid 19th century: from Greek kleptēs ‘thief ’ + -mania] failure to resist impulses to steal things that are not needed for either personal use or for their monetary value. path·o·log·i·cal gam·bl·ing (paTH-e-läj-i-kel gambel-ing) noun persistent and maladaptive pattern of gambling which causes difficulties with interpersonal, financial, and vocational functioning. py·ro·ma·ni·a (pī-rō-mā-nē-a) noun involves deliberate and purposeful fire setting on at lease two occasions. There is typically tension or heightened arousal prior to the act and gratification or relief afterward.
MENTAL ILLNESS men·tal ill·ness (men-tl ilnis) noun also known as mental disorder. a psychiatric illness or diseases manifested by breakdowns in the adaptational process expressed primarily as abnormalities of thought, feeling, and behaviour producing either distress or impairment of function. What count as a mental disorder/illness depends on shifting cultural, political, and economic values as well as on scientific
facts about how our psychology and biology can go wrong, producing suffering and functional impairment in everyday life. The psychiatrist Paul McHugh contends that the wide diversity of mental health conditions tend to fall into four clusters. One cluster includes disease that produce disturbances in perception, cognition, and emotion. Psychological symptoms arise involuntarily from structural functional pathology of the brain. Alzheimer’s disease, bipolar disorder, and schizophrenia are all included in this group. The second cluster includes problems that arise when patients fall at extreme points on psychological dimensions of traits such as introversion and neuroticism. Their problems occur because of who they “are” rather than what they “have.” Their temperament renders them vulnerable to the challenges of everyday life. The third cluster includes behavioural patterns that have immediate positive consequences but delayed negative consequences. People with drug dependence fall into this category; their problems concern what they are “doing,” not what they have or who they are. Finally, the fourth cluster includes problems that arise as a result of something that patients have “encountered.” These problems, exemplified by PTSD, are more like injuries that infectious diseases. brain dam·age noun injury to the brain that impairs its functions, especially permanently. Severe damage, especially if affecting both sides of the brain, will almost certainly have a long-term effect on intellectual development and may cause psychiatric disorder or behaviour problems. Damage to one side of the brain is less likely to cause intellectual impairment. Severe brain injury is likely to cause persistent impairment if the person is unconscious for three weeks or more after the injury. dis·or·der (dis-ôr-der) noun a disruption of normal physical or mental functions; a disease or abnormal condition men·tal de·fi·cien·cy (men-tl di-fi-SHen-sē) noun a condition of arrested or incomplete development of mind from inherent causes or induced by disease or injury. neu·ro·sis (n(y)oō-rōsis) noun [mid 18th century: modern Latin, from neuro- ‘of nerves’ +
-osis] a relatively mild mental illness that is not caused by organic disease, involving symptoms of stress (depression, anxiety, obsessive behavior, hypochondria) but not a radical loss of touch with reality and in which the language is not disturbed. psy·chi·a·try (sī-kīa-trē) noun [mid 19th century: from Greek psukhē ‘soul, mind’ + iatreia ‘healing’ (from iatros ‘healer’)] the study, diagnosis, treatment and prevention of mental illness, emotional disturbance, and abnormal behavior. psy·chol·o·gist (sī-käla-jist) noun a person trained as a professional in the science of psychology and with a degree in psychology. Psychologists often specialize in one of the branches of psychology and the areas concerned with mental illness. psy·chol·o·gy (sī-käl-ajē) noun [ late 17th century: from modern Latin psychologia (see psycho-, -logy)] the scientific study of the human mind and its functions, especially those affecting behavior in a given context. psy·cho·sis (sī-kō-ses) noun [mid 19th century: from Greek psukhōsis ‘animation’, from psukhoun ‘give life to’, from psukhē ‘soul, mind’] a severe mental disorder in which thought and emotions are so impaired that contact is lost with external reality. stig·ma (stig-ma) noun [late 16th century (denoting a mark made by pricking or branding): via Latin from Greek stigma ‘a mark made by a pointed instrument, a dot’] a mark or defct which is especially characteristic of a condition or disorder. It may also refer more generally to an attribute that is discrediting.
MENTAL DISORDER OF CHILDHOOD AND ADOLESCENCE men·tal dis·or·der of child·hood and ad·o·les·cence noun clinically and biologically heterogeneous group that are mainly joined by an age of onset between infancy and early adolescence. The autism spectrum disorders almost invariably persist into adulthood, whereas ADHD and conduct disorder have more varied natural history, where some patients develop
adult forms (adult ADHD or antisocial personality disorder) while others show at least a parietal remission by late adolescence. They all have high heritability. at·ten·tion def·i·cit hy·per·ac·tiv·i·ty dis·or·der (ADHD) noun any of a range of behavioural disorders occurring primarily in children, including such symptoms as poor concentration, hyperactivity, and impulsivity.
Brain - Autism: Frontal lobe, hippocampus, temporal lobe, amygdala and cerebellum
Brain - Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder: Corpus collosum, vermis, caudate, global pallidus, anterior frontal region, cerebellum, temproal lobe, and pulvinar
au·tism (ô-tiz-em) noun [early 20th century (originally with reference to a condition in which fantasy dominates over reality, regarded as a symptom of schizophrenia and other disorders): from Greek autos ‘self ’ + -ism. ] also known as Autistic Disorder and Asperger’s Disorder. Characterized by great difficulty in understanding and using language and by impaired imagination and social relationship skills. These disabilities lead to many problems in relating to people and the surrounding world. Autistic children find it hard to cope with complex and unstructured situations and tend to resist change. They are often manneristic, with characteristic repetitive movements and habits. The cause is now generally thought to be due to an abnormality of structure or function of certain parts of the brain but the nature of this is not yet known.
con·duct dis·or·der (CD) (kän-dekt dis-ôr-der) noun consists in the persistent violation of social norms and basic rules of behaviour towards others, although the perpetrator is intellectually mature enough to understand these norms and rules. Four main groups of behaviours can be observed: physically harmful actions or threats, damage to property, deceit and theft and other serious violations of rules. The aggressive behaviour is often initiated by the patient and can rand from intimidation to severe physical violence, or in rare cases even homicide. It is often characterized by particular physical or psychological cruelty.
MOOD DISORDERS mood dis·or·der (moōd dis-ôr-der) noun also known as Affective Disorder. Disorders in this category include those where the primary symptom is a disturbance in mood. In other words, inappropriate, exaggerated, or limited range of feelings. Everybody gets down sometimes, and everybody experiences a sense of excitement and emotional pleasure. To be diagnosed with a mood disorder, your feelings must be to the extreme. In other words, crying, and/ or feeling depressed, suicidal frequently. Or, the opposite extreme, having excessive energy where sleep is not needed for days at a time and during this time the decision making process in significantly hindered. bi·po·lar dis·or·der (bī-pō-ler dis-ôr-der) noun also
known as Manic Depression. Severe mood swings (manic or major depressive episodes) and a tendency to remission and recurrence. bi·po·lar I (bī-pō-ler) adjective diagnosis of Bipolar I disorder, a person must have at least one manic episode. Mania is sometimes referred to as the other extreme to depression. Mania is an intense high where the person feels euphoric, almost indestructible in areas such as personal finances, business dealings, or relationships. They may have an elevated self-esteem, be more talkative than usual, have flight of ideas, a reduced need for sleep, and be easily distracted. The high, although it may sound appealing, will often lead to severe difficulties in these areas, such as spending much more money than intended, making extremely rash business and personal decisions, involvement in dangerous sexual behaviour, and/or the use of drugs or alcohol. Depression is often experienced as the high quickly fades and as the consequences of their activities becomes apparent, the depressive episode can be exacerbated. bi·po·lar II (bī-pō-ler) adjective similar to Bipolar I Disorder, there are periods of highs as described above and often followed by periods of depression. Bipolar II Disorder, however is different in that the highs are hypo manic, rather than manic. In other words, they have similar symptoms but they are not severe enough to cause marked impairment in social or occupational functioning and typically do not require hospitalization in order to assure the safety of the person.
Brain - Bipolar Disorder: Frontal lobe, cerebellum and neurotransmitters.
cy·clo·thy·mi·a dis·or·der (sī-kle-THī-mēa disôr-der) noun [1920s: from cyclo- + Greek thumos ‘temper’] symptoms include periods of hypomania. Depressive symptoms are also present as the hypomania fades. These symptoms, however, are not meet the criteria for a major depressive episode, in other words, are not as severe as those found in Bipolar I Disorder. de·pres·sion (di-pre-SHen) noun [late Middle English: from Latin depressio(n-), from deprimere ‘press down’] also known as Depressive Disorder. An affective disorder manifested by either a low mood or loss of interest or pleasure in usual activities. The mood disturbance is prominent and relatively persistent. Although mood can fluctuate during a depressive episode, the patient and others have very little control. In addition to this lack of pleasure and even interest in normally enjoyable activities, patients often also show lack of motivation or drive on a variety of non-specific symptoms such as disturbed sleep, difficulty concentration or loss of appetite. Patients are normally slow in all their activities, and can even be stuporous and almost not respond or act at all, but increased level of goalless activity, called agitation, is also possible. During severe episodes, patients may be vexed by thoughts of guilt and hopelessness, entertain thoughts of suicide and sometimes even act upon them. Depression is the single most common cause of suicide accounting for approximately 50% of cases in industrialized countries. dys·thy·mi·a dis·or·der (dis-THī-mēa dis-ôr-der) noun [mid 19th century: from Greek dusthumia] persistent mild depression. ma·ni·a (mā-nēa) noun [late Middle English: via late Latin from Greek, literally ‘madness’, from mainesthai ‘be mad’] excitement of psychotic proportions manifested by mental and physical hyperactivity, disorganization of behaviour, and elevation of mood. If severely affected the person may get very little sleep and eventually become physically exhausted. It is more likely to be diagnosed if, as is often the case with mania, it recurs on a cyclical basis. It may alternate with episodes of depression in manic-depressive psychosis. Milder degrees of mania are referred to as hypomania.
man·ic (man-ik) adjective relating to or affected by mania. man·ic de·pres·sive psy·cho·sis (man-ik di-pres-iv sīkō-ses) noun a severe psychiatric illness characterized by episodes of mania and episodes of depression. These mood swings may be on a sporadic basis or, less commonly, on a regular cycle. post·na·tal de·pres·sion (pōst-nātl di-pre-SHen) noun depression suffered by a mother following childbirth, typically arising from the combination of hormonal changes, psychological adjustment to motherhood, and fatigue.
PERSONALITY DISORDERS per·son·al·i·ty dis·or·der (per-sen-al-itē dis-ôrder) noun a major deviation from normal patterns of behaviour. Types of Personality Disorders in 3 Clusters: Cluster A ‘Odd-Eccentric’: Paranoid, Schizoid, Schizotypal. Cluster B ‘DramaticEmotional’: Antisocial, Borderline, Narcissistic, Histrionic. Cluster C ‘Anxious-Fearful’: Avoidant, Dependent, Compulsive an·ti·so·cial (an-tē-sō-SHel) adjective/noun (Antisocial Personality Disorder) longstanding pattern (after the age of 15) of disregard for the rights of others. There is a failure to conform to society’s norms and expectations. Impulsiveness if often present, including angry outbursts, failure to consider consequences of behaviours, irritability, and/or
Brain - Antisocial Personality Disorder: Neurotransmitter, temporal lobes, and prefrontal cortex.
physical assaults. Major component of this disorder is the reduced ability to feel empathy for other people. This inability to see the hurts, concerns, and other feelings of people often results in a disregard for these aspects of human interaction. Irresponsible behaviour often accompanies this disorder as well as a lack of remorse for wrongdoings. a·void·ant (e-void-ent) adjective/noun (Avoidant Personality Disorder) relating to or denoting a type of personality or behaviour characterized by the avoidance of intimacy or social interaction. bord·er·line (bôrd-er-līn) adjective/noun (Borderline Personality Disorder) major symptoms of this disorder revolve around unstable relationships, poor or negative sense of self, inconsistent moods, and significant impulsivity. There is an intense fear of abandonment with this disorder that interferes with many aspects if the individual’s life. This fear often acts as a self-fulfilling prophecy as they cling to others, are very needy, feel helpless, and become overly involved and immediately attached. The fact that people often do leave someone who exhibits this behaviour only proves to support their distorted belief that they are insignificant, worthless, and unloved. At this point, the individual may exhibit self-harming behaviours such as suicide attempts, mock suicidal attempts (where the goal is to get rescued and lure others back into the individual’s life), cutting or other self-mutilating behaviour.
Brain - Boderline Personality Disorder: Prefrontal lobe, medial prefrontal cortex, anterior cingulate, ventromedial cingulate, subgenual cingulate, amygdala, and ventral striatum
de·pend·ent (di-pend-ent) adjective/noun (Dependent Personality Disorder) [late Middle English dependant ‘hanging down’, from Old French, present participle of dependre. The spelling change in the 16th century was due to association with the Latin participial stem dependent-] does not take responsibility, needs reassurance, lack of confidence in own judgements, actions and opinions, needs company, submissive and clinging behaviour. his·tri·on·ic (his-trē-än-ik) adjective/noun (Histrionic Personality Disorder) [mid 17th century (in the sense ‘dramatically exaggerated, hypocritical’): from late Latin histrionicus, from Latin histrio(n-) ‘actor’] denoting a personality disorder marked by shallow, volatile emotions, and attention-seeking behaviour. nar·cis·sis·tic (när-se-sis-tik) adjective/noun (Narcissistic Personality Disorder) symptoms revolve around a pattern of grandiosity, and sense of entitlement. Often individuals feel overly important and will exaggerate achievements and will accept, and often demand, praise and admiration despite worthy achievements. These symptoms, however, are a result of an underlying sense of inferiority and are often seen as overcompensation. Because of this, they are often envious and even angry of others who have more, receive more respect or attention, or otherwise steal away the spotlight. ob·ses·sive–com·pul·sive adjective/noun (Obsessive Compulsive Personality Disorder (OCPD)) preoccupation with orderliness, perfectionism, devotion to work, conscientiousness, hoarding of money and objects, lack of flexibility and efficiency. Not be confused with obessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). par·a·noid (par-e-noid) adjective/noun (Paranoid Personality Disorder) suspiciousness, lack of trust, reads hidden meanings, bears grudges, perceives attaches on character or reputations. schiz·oid (skit-soid) adjective/noun (Schizoid Personality Disorder) having qualities resembling those found in greater degree in schizophrenics; a person of schizoid personality.
schiz·o·ty·pal (skits-e-tīpel) adjective/noun (Schizotypal Personality Disorder) a personality type in which mild symptoms of schizophrenia are present and characterized by a need for social isolation, anxiety in social situations, and odd behaviour and thinking.
PSYCHOTIC DISORDERS psy·chot·ic dis·or·der (sī-kät-ik dis-ôr-der) noun the major symptoms of these disorders is psychosis, or delusions and hallucinations. Delusions are false beliefs that significantly hinder a person’s ability to function. Hallucinations are false perceptions. brief psy·chot·ic dis·or·der (brēf sī-kät-ik disôr-der) noun presence of psychotic symptoms (delusions, hallucinations, disorganized speech, and/ or disorganized behaviour) which lasts at least one day but no more than one month. The cause of this disorder is typically an extremely stressful event or trauma. de·lu·sion·al (di-loō-ZHen-al) adjective/noun (Delusional Disorder) [late Middle English (in the sense ‘act of deluding or of being deluded’): from late Latin delusio(n-), from the verb deludere] a false belief regarding the self or persons or objects outside the self that persists despite the facts, and is not considered tenable by one’s associates. hal·lu·ci·na·tion (he-loō-se-nā-SHen) noun [mid 17th century (in the sense ‘be deceived, have illusions’): from Latin hallucinat- ‘gone astray in thought’, from the verb hallucinari, from Greek alussein ‘be uneasy or distraught’] an experience involving the apparent perception of something not present. They can be visual (seeing things that aren’t there), auditory (hearing), olfactory (smelling), tactile (feeling sensations on your skin that aren’t really there, such as the feeling of bugs crawling on you), or taste. par·a·noid schiz·o·phre·ni·a (par-e-noid skits-efrē-nēe) noun a condition in which there is a firmly held but false belief (delusion) which includes ideas of persecution or jealousy. This may be a sign of a serious psychiatric illness. Paranoid ideas may
develop suddenly when a person is confused due to an operation, illness or intoxication or when under intense stress. psy·chot·ic (sī-kät-ik) adjective/noun suffering from a psychosis.
a person
schiz·o-af·fec·tive (skits-ō-a-fek-tiv) adjective/noun (Schizoaffective Disorder) a type of psychiatric illness in which there are symptoms of schizophrenia and affective disorder. schiz·o·phre·ni·a (skits-e-frēnēe) adjective/noun [early 20th century: modern Latin, from Greek skhizein ‘to split’ + phrēn ‘mind’] a psychiatric illness with the onset most usually in the second or third decade. The person may have ideas that he or she is being influenced by other people or objects, have disjointed thoughts or may have hallucinations or delusions. The person’s level of functioning deteriorates and they often becomes more withdraw and less accessible. Emotions may be flat or inappropriate. Delusions are often naive and wish-fulfilling or paranoid in nature. Paranoid schizophrenia generally has a later onset.
Brain - Schizophrenia: Basal ganglia, frontal lobe, limbic system, auditory system, occipital lobe, and hippocampus.
schiz·o·phre·ni·form (skits-e-frēnēa-form) noun used as a preliminary diagnosis for schizophrenia. Due to the complexities of schizophrenia, an initial diagnosis is very often tentative and schizophreniform is therefore used. A serious mental illness that distorts the way a person thinks, acts, expresses
emotions, perceives reality, and relates to others. Like schizophrenia, schizophreniform disorder is a type of “psychosis” in which a person cannot tell what is real from what is imagined. Although schizophrenia is a lifelong illness, schizophreniform disorder involves symptoms that are present for less than six months. When symptoms persist longer than six months, the diagnosis is typically changed to schizophrenia. share·ed psy·chot·ic dis·or·der (SHeer-ed ssī-kät-ik dis-ôr-der) noun primary symptoms are delusions such as in delusional disorder which are similar in content to those of an individual who already has an established delusion.
SLEEP DISORDERS sleep dis·or·der (slēp dis-ôr-der) noun primary sleep disorders can be classified into disorders with abnormal sleep (dyssomnias) and those with abnormal behaviour during sleep (parasomnias). Types of Sleep Disorders: Dyssomnias (Primary Insomnia, Primary Hypersomnia and Narcolepsy) and Parasomnias
Brain - Sleep Disorders: Spinal cord, pineal gland, thalamas, hypothalamus, neurotransmitters, suprachiasmatic nucleus and pons.
dys·som·ni·a noun are those disorders relating to the amount, quality, and timing of sleep. hyp·er·som·ni·a noun (Primary Hypersomnia) criteria for primary hypersomnia include excessive sleepiness for at least one month as evidences by prolonged sleep during the night or excessive
daytime sleep. This must cause significant distress for the individual and can not occur exclusively during another mental illness, medical condition, or substance use. in·som·ni·a (in-säm-nēa) noun (Primary Insomnia) [early 17th century: from Latin, from insomnis ‘sleepless’, from in- (expressing negation) + somnus ‘sleep’] criteria for a diagnosis of primary insomnia include a difficulty falling asleep, remaining asleep, or receiving restorative sleep for a period no less than one month. This disturbance in sleep must cause significant distress or impairment in social, occupational, or other important functions and does not appear exclusively during the course of another mental or medical disorder or during the use of alcohol, medication, or other substances. nar·co·lep·sy (när-ke-lep-sē) adjective/noun [late 19th century: from Greek narkē ‘numbness’, on the pattern of epilepsy.] a condition characterized by an extreme tendency to fall asleep whenever in relaxing surroundings. par·a·som·ni·a (pare-säm-nēa) adjective/noun [1930s: blend of para and insomnia] relate to abnormal behaviour or physiological events that occur during the process of sleep or sleep-wake transitions.
SOMATOFORM DISORDERS so·ma·to·form dis·or·der noun disorders in this category include those where the symptoms suggest a medical condition but where no medical condition can be found by a physician. In other words, a person with a somatoform disorder might experience significant pain without a medical or biological cause, or they may constantly experience minor aches and pains without any reason for these pains to exist. Types of Somatoform Disorders: Body Dysmorphic Disorder, Conversion Disorder, Hypochondriasis Disorder, Pain Disorder, Somatization Disorder bod·y dys·mor·phic dis·or·der (BDD) (bädē dismôr-fēek dis-ôr-der) noun a psychological disorder in which a person becomes obsessed with imaginary defects in their appearance. The preoccupation
is significantly excessive and causes distress or significant impairment in functioning. It is not better explained by another disorder such as dissatisfaction with body shape in anorexia or delusions associated with a psychotic disorder. con·ver·sion dis·or·der (ken-ver-ZHen dis-ôr-der) noun symptoms such as deficits in voluntary motor or sensory functions which are not intentionally produced but which cannot be fully explained by a physician. There must be a significant impairment in functioning or a history of resulting medical treatment and not better explained by another disorder. hy·po·chon·dri·a·sis (hī-pō-ken-drīe-sis) noun (Hypochondriasis Disorder) [late Middle English (in the Greek sense): via late Latin from Greek hupokhondria, denoting the soft body area below the ribs, from hupo ‘under’ + khondros ‘sternal cartilage’. Melancholy was originally thought to arise from the liver, gallbladder, spleen, etc.] preoccupation with fears of having a serious disease based upon a misinterpretation of bodily sensations. The preoccupation exists despite assurance from a physician that the individual does not have a serious disease. There are many who suggest that unconscious aggressive impulses are transferred to physical complaints and that individuals with this disorder are more likely to misinterpret these symptoms as representing a more serious condition. pain dis·or·der (pān dis-ôr-der) noun pain which causes significant distress or impairment in functioning which cannot be fully explained by a physician. It must be judged to be related to psychological factors and cannot be better explained by another disorder. Some suggest that unconscious conflicts are converted to pain symptoms. so·mat·i·za·tion dis·or·der (sō-mate-zā-SHen dis-ôr-der) noun includes a history of physical complaints prior to age 30 which occur over a period of several years. There must be a significant impairment in functioning or a history of resulting medical treatment. After appropriate assessment by a physician, there is a lack of explanation for the reported symptoms or for at least the severity of the complaints.
SUBSTANCE RELATED DISORDERS sub·stance re·lat·ed dis·or·der (seb-stens ri-lāt-id disôr-der) noun refers to either the abuse or dependence on a substance. A substance can be anything that is ingested in order to produce a high, alter one’s senses, or otherwise affect functioning. The most common substance thought of in this category is alcohol although other drugs, such as cocaine, marijuana, heroin, ecstasy, special-K, and crack, are also included. Probably the most abused substances, caffeine and nicotine, are also included although rarely thought of in this manner by the layman. Types of Substance Related Disorders: Substance Abuse and Substance Dependence
Brain - Substance Related Disorder: Prefrontal cortex, anterior cingulate gyrus, orbito frontal cortex, subcallosal cortex, nucleus accumbens, ventral palldium, hiipocampus and amygdala.
sub·stance a·buse (seb-stens e-byoōz) noun a pattern of substance use leading to significant impairment in functioning. One of the following must be present within a 12 month period: (1) recurrent use resulting in a failure to fulfill major obligations at work, school, or home; (2) recurrent use in situations which are physically hazardous (e.g., driving while intoxicated); (3) legal problems resulting from recurrent use; or (4) continued use despite significant social or interpersonal problems caused by the substance use. There is evidence that genetic factors play a role in both dependence and abuse. The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (4th
edition) defines 11 main classes of substances of abuse, although it recognizes that other substances, including prescription drugs, can have a potential for abuse and addiction as well, and that many patients would abuse substances from more than one class. Substance-use and substance-induced disorders are often intimately linked. All substances of abuse can potentially be ingested in intoxicating quantities (although intoxication is not formally a category for nicotine) and lead to dependence. The 11 Classes of Substance Abuse: Alcohol, Sedatives, Amphetamines or similarly acting sympathomimetics, Cocaine, Caffeine, Cannabis, Hallucinogens, Inhalants, Nicotine, Opioids Phencyclidine (PCP) sub·stance de·pend·ence (seb-stens di-pend-ens) noun substance use history which includes the following: (1) substance abuse; (2) continuation of use despite related problems; (3) increase in tolerance (more of the drug is needed to achieve the same effect); and (4) withdrawal symptoms. There is evidence that genetic factors play a role in both dependence and abuse. Other theories involve the use of substances as a means to cover up or get relief from other problems (e.g., psychosis, relationship issues, stress), which makes the dependence or abuse more of a symptom than a disorder in itself.
1000
| 1500
1027 - Visual System Ibn al-Haytham The oldest known drawing of the nervous system.
| 1890
1894 - Hippocampus Joseph Jules Dejerine This is an early cartography of the hippocampus an area of the brain critical for learning and memory.
| 1520
1508 - Study of Brain Physiology Leonardo da Vinci
| 1900
1900 - Purkinje Neuron Santiago Ramón y Cajal Cajal established the basic anatomy of the neuron and its part in the nervous system through a series of experiments.
| 1540
1543 - Ventricles Andreas Vesalius From the book Fabrica. Vesalius provided a precise account of the shape and position of ventricles.
| 1920
1904 - Cerebellum Santiago Ramon y Cajal Section of the cerebellum.
| 1640 1621 - Mind and Universe Robert Fludd This drawing takes on a more metaphysical bent, relating the soul’s faculties to realms such as the sensible, the imaginary, and the divine; a writhing vermis - Latin for “worm” — connects imagination (which overlaps with perception) and cognition (itself linked to judgement).
1545 - A Renaissance in Anatomy Charles Estienne Dissection of the brain.
| 1910
1901 - Network: Hippocampus Santiago Ramon y Cajal If the hippocampus is removed or damaged, crucial abilities are impaired. Cajal provided the canonical map, that guide our explorations to this day. It is more precise compared to Dejerine.
| 1620
| 1930 1914 - Axons Wrapped Around a Neuron Santiago Ramon y Cajal The work depicts axons wrapped around a neuron, specifically those of a thalamus.
| 1660
1664 - Pineal Gland René Descartes drawing of the pineal gland and nerve system of the brain.
| 1940
1664 - Brain from Below Thomas Willis & Chris Wren provided a precise account of neuroanatomy.
1950 |
1937 - Wilder Penfield’s Discovery Wilder Penfield & E. Boldrey Penfield was one of the greatest neurosurgeons of the 20th century, his work revolutionized the discipline. He is best known for the discovery of a surgical treatment for epilepsy. Penfield charted the functions of parietal and temporal lobes, the tip of his electrode elicited in his patients dreams, smells, longlost memories, auditory and visual hallucinations and even out-of-body experiences.
| 1790
| 1800 1786 - Neuroanatomical Atlas Félix Vicq D’Azyr He was Queen MarieAntoinette’s physician. He wrote the section on pathological anatomy in L’Encyclopédie in 1786 published Traité d’Anatomie et de Physiologie, which was lauded as one of the most realistic works of neuroanatomy.
| 1960
| 1970
1950 - Sensory and Motor Homunculi Wilder Penfield &Theodore Rasmussen Penfield & Ramussen summarized their findings in, The Cerebral Cortex of Man. It is a document of Penfield’s electrical explorations of the brain. This is an diagram of the sensory and motor homunculi.
| 1810
| 1820
1815 - The Physiognomical System Johann Gaspar Spurzheim Franz Gall founded phrenology, which claims certain functions of the brain are localized to specific areas & can be measured by bumps on the skull. It was quickly discredited. However, phrenology is still important in the history of psychology and neuroscience. Spurzheim’s (the man responsible for popularizing phrenology) drawing is the first drawing of phrenology without using a skull.
19th Century Phrenological Skull Anonymous The pseudo-scientific theory of phrenology held that the bumps on our skull reflect the underlying shape of our brain - which in turn is divided into ‘organs’ that govern specific aspects of personality and cognitive ability.
| 1980
1980 - Early MRI Scan of the Brain An early magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan. This image shows a normal (healthy) human brain.
| 1860
| 1990
2003-Cerebellar Purkinje Neurons Aric Agmon Neuroscience now has this powerful approach to selecting neurons. This image shows an the cerebellum in which only its Purkinje cells brightened.
| 2000 2009 - Cortical Blood Vessels Alfonso RodríguezBaeza & Marisa OrtegaSánchez Photomicrograph of microscopic blood vessels. This shows a large blood vessel at the surface of the brain, which sends down thin, branched capillaries to deliver blood throughout the entire cortex.
| 1870
1880 | 1865 - Anatomy of the Neuron Otto Friedrich Karl Deiters Drawings of stained neurons in the spinal cord with soma, nucleus, dendrites and axons. The mid-nineteenth century witnessed the arrival of powerful new microscopes that could reveal anatomical structures so small they had been previously indistinct, if visible at all.
| 2010
2009 - MRI Brain Scan, Raqeeb Haque MRI of a patient who had a tumour in the thalamus, and accumulation of fluid in the brain. Using the anatomical data shown here, surgeons were able to surgically remove the tumour & drain the fluid.
Glasgow Asylum – Early Asylum Pre 1800
The York Retreat – Moral Treatment 1800
THE ARCHITECTURE Architecture associated with mental illness has directly reflected how society perceives people suffering from mental illness. Prior to the 19th century, persons with mental illness were treated poorly with treatments including starvation and confinement. At the turn of the 19th century there was a realization that the mentally ill needed a proper treatment facility, and the insane asylum was born. Early asylums such as the Glasgow asylum replicated surveillance and control characteristics of Betham’s Panopticon. Following early asylums the York Retreat became a prototype for the asylum marking a shift in the way we perceived mental illness. They believed that the role of the asylum was, to not only house the mentally ill, but the building itself could help heal. The designs of asylums then tried to maximize natural lighting and ventilation, and provide calming setting for patients. However, overtime asylums became extremely overcrowded and widespread public knowledge of inhumane treatments caused asylums to be abandoned during the deinstitutionalization era in the 1960’s. This is when it was decided to focus funding into community based programs.
The Kirkbride Plan 1848
Danvers State Hospital - The Modified Kirkbride Plan 1870s
Fairfield State Hospital - The Cottage Plan 1900s
All historical photos were obtained at the Queen’s University Archives
ROCKWOOD ASYLUM The Rockwood Asylum was built between 1859-1870 in Kingston, Ontario. The Asylum was carefully located on the edge of Lake Ontario. The view of lake Ontario was thought to have a calming effect on the patients. Rockwood was designed by architect William Coverdale and built by inmates from the Kingston penitentiary. Rockwood was designed to house three hundred patients and each room/cell were specifically designed small to avoid overcrowding. Rockwood was also one of the first buildings in Canada to have central heating. It originally housed the criminally insane from the Kingston penitentiary. Rockwood functioned as an asylum until 1959, until it became a treatment facility, called Providence Continuing Care Centre - a community facility for people with learning disabilities. In 2000 the facility closed down and has remained empty ever since. It is currently undergoing a masonry rehabilitation project.
Photos taken from during a site visit in Penrose Building at Kingston, Ontario on February 7th, 2014
THE FOLLIES City Awareness Project Using a wide range of media artists create and design the interior volume of the patient’s rooms from the Penrose Building. These follies are placed around the surrounding landscape, and can also be moved to inhabit spaces within cities. The presence of the follies within the community help promote awareness for mental illness and the new program.
G
DIN
UIL
WB
NE
Concept 1: Confinement
4th 3rd 2nd ND
OU
GR
MP
RA
TH
RO
H UG
W NE
G
TIN
XIS
E TO
4th 3rd 2nd ND
OU
GR
Concept 2: Insertion
G
DIN
UIL
GB
TIN
EXIS
S
N OF
IO SECT
TING
EXIS
DING
BUIL
G IN
ILDIN
W BU
F NE
NO ECTIO
TING
EXIS
W
IN NE
Concept 3: Dissection and Preservation
DESIGN CONCEPT The design concepts memorializes the history and development of treatments of mental illness and it’s architecture. First concept is CONFINEMENT. The old building (Penrose) is confined from the main roads because it is located behind the new building. The placement of the two buildings create a private courtyard. This private courtyard allows patients to feel safe while socializing. Trust, safety and interaction are important aspects to the program. Second concept is INSERTION: Ramps and sky bridges are used as the main circulation between the new building and the old building (Penrose). Third concept is DISSECTION and PRESERVATION: Four sections of the Penrose building were removed, preserved and displayed in the new building. Additional fragments from the demolition of the existing walls, ceilings, and floors from Penrose are used as artifacts in the new building.
FACADE EXPLORATION & DETAILS The facade of the new building consists of a high performance insulated reflective glass and aluminum panel facade. The facade pattern allows the maximum amount of natural lighting into the exhibition spaces while still preserving the art.
Plan detail of facade and glazing connection
1st Exploration: Moire Pattern
Facade exploration
N
SITE PLAN 1:750
A GROUP THERAPY ART STUDIO
MINI GALLERY
B
SERVICE
ART THERAPY ENTRANCE
MINI GALLERY
THERAPIST OFFICE
MINI GALLERY
MINI GALLERY
CLEAN UP STATION
ARTIST STUDIO
CLEAN UP STATION
ART THERAPY PATIENT STUDIOS
THERAPY RECEPTION THERAPIST OFFICE ARTIST STUDIO
GROUP THERAPY ART STUDIO
OFFICE
STORAGE
THERAPIST OFFICE
MATERIALS & SINK
COURTYARD
GROUP THERAPY ART STUDIO
C
ART THERAPY ENTRANCE
FRAGMENTS OF PENROSE
N
LEVEL 1 1:400
MUSEUM ENTRANCE
THERAPIST OFFICE
THERAPY LOUNGE
OFFICE
A
STORAGE
STORAGE
THERAPIST OFFICE
MINI GALLERY
GROUP THERAPY ART STUDIO
MINI GALLERY
B
ART THERAPY PATIENT STUDIOS MINI GALLERY
THERAPIST OFFICE
MINI GALLERY
ARTIST STUDIO
THERAPIST OFFICE ARTIST STUDIO
STORAGE
GROUP THERAPY ART STUDIO
THERAPIST OFFICE
MATERIALS & SINK
COURTYARD
GROUP THERAPY ART STUDIO
EXISTING BUILDING Level 1 - Art Therapy Therapy Reception Therapy Lounge Therapy Administration Group Art Therapy Studio (6) Single Art Therapy Studio (24) Therapist Offices (8) Mini Galleries (8) Service & Storage Washrooms Floor Area sq. m.
Level 1 - Art Therapy Therapy Reception Therapy Lounge Therapy Administration Group Art Therapy Studio (6) Single Art Therapy Studio (24) Therapist Offices (8) Mini Galleries (8)
110 55 50 260 275 90 155
NEW
Lev
C
FRAGMENTS OF PENROSE
EXISTING BUILDING
Floor Area sq. m.
110 55 50 260 275 90 155 120 70
Frag Was
Level 2 - Reception & The Ruins NEW BUILDING Floor Area sq. m.
Lev
Reception & Foyer Level 1 - Fragments of Penrose Washrooms Ruins Fragments of Penrose Service & Storage Washrooms
Exh Exh Ope Was
210 70 1625 1780 30 10
SERVICE
A STORAGE
ART EXHIBIT SPACE
N
EXHIBIT SPACE
LEVEL 2 1:400 A
C
RECEPTION
STORAGE
THE RUINS
B
THE RUINS
B
EXISTING BUILDING
EXISTING BUILDING
Floor Area sq. m.
Level 1 - Art Therapy ART EXHIBIT SPACE
Therapy Reception Therapy Lounge Therapy Administration Group Art Therapy Studio (6) Single Art Therapy Studio (24) Therapist Offices (8) Mini Galleries (8) Service & Storage Washrooms EXISTING BUILDING Level 2 - Reception & The Ruins Level 1 - Art Therapy Reception & Foyer Therapy Reception Washrooms Therapy Ruins Lounge Therapy&Administration Service Storage Group Art Therapy Studio (6) Single Art Therapy Studio (24) Therapist Offices (8) Mini Galleries (8) Service & Storage Washrooms
110 55 50 260 275 90 155 120 70 Floor Area sq. m.
210 110 70 55 1625 50 30 260 275 90 155 120 70
C
Floor Area sq. m.
NEW
Level 1 - Art Therapy
Lev
Therapy Reception 110 Therapy Lounge 55 Therapy Administration 50 Group Art Therapy Studio (6) 260 Single Art Therapy Studio (24) 275 Therapist Offices (8) NEW BUILDING Floor Area sq. m. 90 Mini Galleries (8) 155 Service & Storage 120 Level 1 - Fragments of Penrose EXISTING BUILDING Floor Area sq. m. Washrooms 70
Frag Was
Fragments of Penrose 2 Level 1 - Reception Art Therapy& The Ruins Washrooms
1780 10
Reception & Foyer Therapy Reception Washrooms Therapy Lounge Ruins Therapy Administration Service & Storage Group Art Therapy Studio (6) Single Art Therapy Studio (24) Therapist Offices (8) Mini (8) NEWGalleries BUILDING Floor Area sq. m. Service Storage Level 2 & - Art Gallery Washrooms Level 1 - Fragments of Penrose Exhibit Space 1 Level - Reception & The Ruins Fragments of Penrose Exhibit2 Space 2 Washrooms Open Exhibit Space: Fragments Reception & Foyer Washrooms Washrooms Ruins Service & Storage
210 110 70 55 1625 50 30 260 275 90 155 120 70
235 1780 235 10 575 10 210 70 1625 30
NEW
Lev
Exh Frag Exh Was Ope Was
Lev
Exh Exh Ope Was
SERVICE
A B
STORAGE
STORAGE
MENTAL ILLNESS MUSEUM
STORAGE
ART EXHIBIT SPACE
N
EXHIBIT SPACE
LEVEL 3 1:400 A
C
B
MENTAL ILLNESS MUSEUM
EXISTING BUILDING ART EXHIBIT SPACE
C
Floor Area sq. m.
Level 3 - Museum of Mental Illness
Leve
Exhibit Space Washrooms Service & Storage
EXISTING BUILDING
Floor Area sq. m.
Level 3 - Museum of Mental Illness Exhibit Space Washrooms Service & Storage
1780 70 110
Level 4 - Administration Museum: Executive Director Office Director Assistant
40 20
Level - Administration NEW 4BUILDING Museum: Level 3 - Art Gallery Executive Director Office Director Assistant Exhibit Space 1 Associate Director Exhibit Space 2 Reception Open Exhibit Space: Fragments Office Manager Washrooms Program Co-ordinator PR Co-ordinator Level 4 - Auditoriums Volunteer / Fundraising Financial Floor Manager Auditorium 1 Research & Resources Auditorium 2
NEW
1780 70 110
Leve
Floor Area sq. m.
235 235 575 10
230 230
Exhi Exhi Ope Was
40 20 25 20 15 20 10 15 15 15 65
Aud Aud Ope Was
TECHNICAL SERVICES
B
STAFF ROOM
SERVICE
A CONFERENCE ROOM
FILE ROOM
ADMINISTRATIVE OFFICES (MUSEUM) FINANCIAL OFFICE
FLOOR MANAGER OFFICE SERVICE / STORAGE CURATOR OFFICE
VOLUNTEER / FUNDRAISING OFFICE
PROGRAM COORDINATOR OFFICE
PR OFFICE
OFFICE MANAGER
STORAGE
RECEPTION
ASSOCIATE DIRECTOR
ASSOCIATE DIRECTOR
EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR ASSISTANT
EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR ASSISTANT
EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR
EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR
WASHROOM CURATOR OFFICE
RESOURCE / RESEARCH OFFICES
LIBRARIAN OFFICE
LIBRARY / ARCHIVE / WORKSHOP
AUDITORIUM 1
N
EXHIBIT SPACE
LEVEL 4 1:400 A
C
OFFICE MANAGER
R
EXISTING BUILDING
Floor Area sq. m.
Level 3 - Museum of Mental Illness FILE ROOM
CONFERENCE ROOM STAFF ROOM
TECHNICAL SERVICES
B
ADMINISTRATIVE OFFICES (ART THERAPY) PR OFFICE
HUMAN RESOURCES OFFICE
FINANCIAL OFFICE THERAPIST OFFICE PATIENT FILE STORAGE THERAPIST OFFICE
WASHROOM THERAPIST OFFICE
ASSISTANT OFFICE
PROGRAM CO-ORDINATOR OFFICE
EXISTING BUILDING
AUDITORIUM 2
PATIENT CO-ORDINATOR OFFICE
C
Floor Area sq. m.
Level 3 - Museum of Mental Illness Exhibit Space Washrooms Service & Storage EXISTING BUILDING
1780 70 110 Floor Area sq. m.
3 - Administration Museum of Mental Illness Level 4 Exhibit Space Museum: Washrooms Executive Director Office Service & Storage Director Assistant Associate Director Reception Level - Administration Office 4Manager Program Co-ordinator Museum: PR Co-ordinator Executive /Director Office Volunteer Fundraising Director Assistant Financial Associate Director Floor Manager
1780 70 40 110 20 25 20 15 20 10 40 15 20 15 25 15
Exhibit Space Washrooms Service & Storage EXISTING BUILDING
NEW
Leve 1780 70 110 Floor Area sq. m.
Exhi Exhi Ope NEW Was
3 - Administration Museum of Mental Illness Level 4
Leve
Exhibit Space 1780 Museum: Washrooms 70 Executive Director Office 40 Service & Storage 110 Director Assistant 20 Associate Director 25 Reception 20 Level 4Manager - Administration Office 15 Program Co-ordinator 20 Museum: PR Co-ordinator 10 Executive /Director Office 40 Volunteer Fundraising 15 Director Assistant 20 Financial 15 Associate Director 25 Floor Manager 15 Reception& Resources 20 Research 65 Office Manager 15 Curators 40 Program Co-ordinator 20 Librarian Office 15 PR Co-ordinator 10 Library 55 Volunteer Fundraising 15 Service & /Storage 75 Financial 15 Staff Room 90 Floor Manager 15 Conference Room 55 Research & Resources 65 Curators 40 Librarian Office 15 Executive Director Office 40 Library Assistant 55 Director 20 Service & Storage 75 Associate Director 25 Staff Room 90 Reception 20 Conference Room 55 Office NEW Manager BUILDING Floor Area sq. m. 15 PR Co-ordinator 10 Programs 30 Level 3 - Co-ordinator Art Gallery Executive Director OfficeAssistant 40 Programs Co-ordinator 15 Director Assistant Patient Co-ordinator 30 Exhibit Space 1 235 20 Associate Director Exhibit Space 2 235 25 Reception Open Exhibit Space: Fragments 575 20 Office Manager NEW BUILDING Floor Area sq. m. Washrooms 10 15 PR Co-ordinator 10 Programs 30 3 - Co-ordinator Art Gallery Level 4 Auditoriums Programs Co-ordinator Assistant 15 Patient ExhibitCo-ordinator Space 1 235 30
Exhi Exhi Aud Ope Aud Was Ope Was Leve
Exhibit Space Auditorium 1 2 Open Exhibit Auditorium 2 Space: Fragments Washrooms Open Exhibit Space Washrooms Level 4 - Auditoriums
235 230 575 230 10 575 10
Auditorium 1 Auditorium 2 Open Exhibit Space
230 230 575
Aud Aud Ope Was
SECTION A
SECTION B
SECTION C
TRUSS SYSTEM AT SKY BRIDGES
FRONT ELEVATION OF PENROSE
ROOF TO
FOURTH FLOO
THIRD FLOO
SECOND FLOO
FIRST FLOO
GRAD
FRONT ELEVATION OF NEW
Rendering - The Ruins
Renderings - Private Courtyard
Renderings - Fragments in Penrose, Gallery Spaces
Renderings - Front elevation of new building
Renderings - Side elevation of both new and old buildings
Model built at 1:200
Model built at 1:200
M.Arch Studio II - ARCS 5106 JAIMI-YRA BENDO in collaboration with Lara Chow Professor: Inderbir Singh Riar April 2014