IUSD Yearbook 2013/14

IUSD — Yearbook 2013/2014

MSc Integrated Urbanism & Sustainable Design (IUSD) www.iusd-program.net

Editor: Melanie Migle Kundrot IUSD Design Concept: Studio Matthias Gรถrlich, Darmstadt MSc Integrated Urbanism and Sustainable Design (IUSD) Faculty of Architecture and Urban Design University of Stuttgart www.iusd-program.net Print of Prototype: typographics GmbH, Darmstadt Copyright disclaimer: All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form of by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the publisher.

2014

Supported by:

IUSD Office University of Stuttgart Faculty of Architecture and Urban Planning Keplerstrasse 11 70174 Stuttgart/Germany info@iusd.uni-stuttgart.de

IUSD Office Ain Shams University Faculty of Engineering 1 El-Sarayat Street 11517 Abbasiya, Cairo/Egypt iusd@eng.asu.edu.eg

IUSD — Yearbook 2013/2014

3 — Table of contents

Introduction

4

Year I – Stuttgart 01 — Architecture

Y e a r II – Ca iro 9

Sustainable Architecture I Low Tech or High Tech?

War Destruction and Reconstruction

11 18 22

02 — Urban Planning

27

Urban Planning, Policy and Sustainable Urban Management I Urban Planning, Policy and Sustainable Urban Management II City Branding Berlin Module Between Lecture Hall and Practice

29 34 40 46 50

05 — Integrated Case Study

111

Site and Actor Analysis – Economic Activities Site and Actor Analysis – Environmental Aspects Development Lines – Public Realm Development Lines– Social Infrastructure

114 120 126 132

06 — Electives

139

Selected Topics on Urbanism Design Projects Architecture: Climate and Design Urban: Negotiating the Future

141 149 150 152

07 — Master Theses

159

03 — Landscape

55

Abstracts

Urban Ecology and Ecosystem Design I Speculation on Growth GeoDesign

57 62 70

Year I & II

04 — Integrated Research and Design

77

Integrated Research and Design Projects I Integrated Research and Design Projects II

79 86

161

08 — IUSD Lab

173

Vision Research & Activities Regular Events

175 176 180

09 — IUSD People

185

IUSD Staff IUSD Students 2013 – 2015 IUSD Students 2012 – 2014 Alumni Network

187 192 194 196

4 — IUSD Yearbook 2013/2014

Introduction Prof. Dr. Mohamed Salheen – course director, Ain Shams University Prof. Antje Stokman – course director, University of Stuttgart and the IUSD-Team: Dr. Marwa Abdelatif, MSc. Abdulmoneim Alfiky, Dr. Bernd Eisenberg, Dipl.-Ing. Raoul Humpert, Dipl.-Ing. MSc. Franziska Laue, MSc. Mona Mannoun, Prof. Dr. Yehya Serag, MSc. Ebtihal Zakaria

In the year 2013/2014, the MSc IUSD program celebrated the graduation of its first intake of students who started in September 2013. These 22 alumni are doing great and have formed a very active alumni group. The second intake students spent their third semester of study in Tunis rather than Cairo, making many new friends and contacts in Tunisia as well as truly developing our networks within the MENA region. They have now just submitted their master thesis, so very soon we will have another group of graduates. In September 2013, the third intake of students arrived for the first year of their program in Stuttgart and are about to move to Cairo for their second year.

In the yearbook 2013/2014, we proudly present an overview of the rich experiences and results of the MSc IUSD program of the last year, including selected activities, projects and papers that were produced by the students during their first year in Stuttgart (Part 1) and by students in the second year in Tunis and in different locations for their master thesis research (Part 2). The yearbook gives an impression of the variety and kinds of subjects that were taught during this period at both universities. Part 1 is structured according to the three core themes – architecture, urban planning and landscape, each of which is represented by a core module

and electives. It is rounded up with the results of the applied training in the Integrated Research and Design Module. Part 2 contains a large section on the Integrated Case Study in Tunis, which forms the backbone of the program. At the same time it gives impressions of the results of the electives that were offered during the third semester in Tunisia. It is summed up by short summaries of the Master Thesis projects that are jointly supervised by staff from both universities.

Some of the extracurricular activities and special highlights of the academic year in Stuttgart, Tunis and Cairo are also documented in the yearbook. The preparation phase of the third intake started with urban safaris in and around Stuttgart, language courses as well as team building and project management workshops. Highlights during their academic year at University of Stuttgart included excursions to Munich and the participation in the International Earth Construction Festival Grains d´Isère in Lyon as well as the participation in the Module on German-Arab cooperation in development, economy, culture and politics together with four other bicultural MSc programs in Berlin. For the final event of the Integrated Research and Design Module “DiverCity Stuttgart: A Reality Lab at Werk 8” IUSD organized a symposium and exhibition, where the students present-

5 — Introduction

ed their findings and proposals to the local community, representatives of Stuttgart Municipality as well as invited experts.

The third semester year of the second intake was organized by Ain Shams University in Tunis hosted by the University of Ibn Khaldoun and supported by staff from the University of Cartage. The Integrated Case Study, which is the main course of the third semester, was organized in line with the international competition of UNHabitat for the revitalization of mass housing and applied on Ibn Khaldoun pioneer mass housing area in Tunis. The students worked very actively with local society as well as other stakeholders and authority levels. Excursions to get to know the city and the surroundings were organized including trips to Old Medina, Sedi Bosaid and a one day tour of the south. The semester ended with two parallel hands-on courses on the unique island of Djerba. One course focused on an analytic approach of the island fabric, landscape and character, and resulted in the first catalogue of its kind for the island. The other course worked on local building materials and techniques, and implemented a sample construction for the city cultural center.

In the summer term 2014, IUSD newly introduced the Monday Lecture Series with international invited experts. These were held in Stuttgart but were connect with Cairo via videoconferencing. The lectures, open to IUSD students and a general audience, dealt with the realities of planning practice, development, cooperation and challenges in intercultural work environments.

In April 2014, as part of a new research initiative on water sensitive urban design, a research workshop as well as the first IUSD saloon was organized and hosted at IUSD Lab Cairo – connected to Stuttgart via videoconferencing.

At the same time, IUSD kept its tradition of contributing and taking part in international symposiums. Nina Gribat and Antje Stokman were invited by the IUSD advisory board member Julia Davila to present IUSD as part of a panel on International Planning Education at the international AESOP-ACSP conference in July 2013 in Dublin. In September 2013, Mohamed Salheen, Antje Stokman and Yasar Adanalı gave presentations during the International Topos Award conference held in Munich. They were joined by the students of the third intake as part of their introduction program. Franziska Laue and Antje Stokman presented IUSD during the international conference on German-African Coopera-

6 — IUSD Yearbook 2013/2014

tion in Education and Research organized by the BMBF in March 2014. Mohamed Salheen and Marwa Abdelatif were invited to give a presentation at the Supreme Council of Culture, Egypt entitled “Integrated Planning and Design as an approach to sustainable urban Communities” in May 2014. Mohamed Salheen was also invited as a presenter and a discussant in a workshop entitled “Alternative Models of University Education in Egypt” organized by Megawra and Town House Gallery in which the IUSD model of teaching was presented and discussed along with other approaches in Art and Architecture.

The IUSD Lab aims to engage in basic and applied transdisciplinary research in cooperation with different institutions from Germany, Egypt, MENA countries and around the world. The IUSD lab´s activities in Stuttgart, Cairo and Tunisia are presented in Part 3 of this yearbook. In December 2013, IUSD Lab Stuttgart hosted the International Workshop “Live Projects – Laboratories for Change” co-organised by IUSD Lab of Ain Shams University and supported by DAAD as part of its transformation partnership program. Live Projects are applied teaching formats that offer students the opportunity to learn in “real life” settings – often connected to the aim of improving the life of marginalized and/or poor communities. With a particular focus on the dif-

ferent educational, urban and social, but also professional contexts in Germany and Egypt, the aim of the workshop was to analyze and explore questions around the implication of these urban and cultural differences on the organization of Live Projects. This included the conditions and frameworks that ensures the success of such projects in terms of teaching and learning, but also in terms of a sustainable impact on the communities involved. In February 2014, IUSD Lab Stuttgart organized an exchange workshop with the Transsolar Academy Stuttgart, on the question: “What do we need to do to maximize our impact for the benefit of our planet?”

Following the success of the workshop held in December 2013 in Djerba, the IUSD of Stuttgart and Ain Shams carried out a fact finding mission to Djerba Island in March 2013. Together with our new Contact Imène Zaâfrane Zhioua from the Institut Supérieur des Technologies de l’Environnement de l’Urbanisme et du Bâtiment (ISTEUB), we successfully applied for a German-Egyptian-Tunisian summer school on Landscape, Tourism and Integrated Coastal Management on Djerba.

IUSD-Lab Cairo has started working on the research project that is based on “Research, Design and Build” Approach for a sustainable house, using local materials

7 — Introduction

in remote areas of Egypt, funded by the Egyptian Academy for Scientific Research and Technology. The site is finally being settled in SIWA where the lab already has previous experience and conducted several workshops.

Another research project is being funded by the Science and Technology Research Fund (STDF) focusing on “Development Priorities in Informal Areas: Planning, Realization and Local Perceptions” under the program of the German Egyptian Research Fund (GERF) in cooperation with TU Berlin and complementary fund from the BMBF. This project has attracted the attention and thus cooperation and support of the Ministry of Urban Renewal and Informal Settlements, the Ministry of International Cooperation and the GIZ. The establishment of the IUSD program continues to take place in the context of the dramatic political transformation process in the MENA region which continues to present many challenges but also, more importantly, continues to fuel the enthusiasm of all those involved. The ongoing transformation process also affirms and validates our overarching aim of training of urban practitioners to face the tremendous environmental, cultural, socioeconomic and governance challenges resulting from the dynamic urban transformation around the globe. It also offers the chance for our graduates to contribute to this

transformation process by pursuing new career possibilities within more democratic and open societies.

Last but not least, the IUSD team at both universities wants to thank all our IUSD alumni and students for their dedication and enthusiasm! We would also like to thank our universities and all our colleagues who contributed to the teaching and worked tirelessly to make IUSD a success. In particular we want to thank the DAAD staff in Bonn and Cairo whose active support made the establishment of IUSD possible.

We are looking forward to the next years! ●

01 — Architecture

10 — Architecture

11 —

Sustainable Architecture – Construction and Form Core Module, WS 2013/14 Prof. José Luis Moro, IEK Dipl.-Ing. Matthias Rottner, IEK

The students of this module recognize the interaction between construction and building form and test this relationship by developing practice-related design tasks.

They get to know the close conjunction between, on the one hand, the flow of forces, the materials and their assembly, and, on the other hand, the conceptual idea and the aesthetical aim of a design. The students enlarge their technical, constructional and design-related repertoire and also recognize the relations between energy efficiency issues, sustainable building design and urban planning.

This course deals with design approaches of sustainable and energy-efficient architecture and urban planning. It offers a practical introduction to different means of energy conservation in buildings as an approach to environmentally friendly architecture. It also studies the principles of environmental architecture and urban planning and their role in energy conservation, the available sources of renewable and non-renewable energy, and the use of solar energy as well as natural cooling sources in architecture. The course is based upon the assumption that sustainable architecture is not a matter of purely technology based solutions but, instead, a matter of an intelligent

integration of complex factors. These include functional and organizational aspects, a due recognition of the human and behavioral dimensions, context-specific issues such as local architectural traditions and typologies, local building materials, local climate and other ecological factors, as well as socio-cultural aspects and povertyrelated issues. ●

SUSTAINABLE ARCHITECTURE I // PROF: JOSE MORO ; DIPL.-ING. MATTHIAS ROTTNER; DIPL. ING. TILMAN RAFF // TEO BRANDI & FRIEDERIKE THONKE

12 — architecture

Task 1 – Small administration Building

by Teo Brandi, Friederike Thonke

B

A

SUSTAINABLE ARCHITECTURE I //

SMALL ADMINISTRATION BUILDING

M 1:500

A

site plan

A

1st floor

B

basement

basement

elevation

west elevation

section

M 1:200

SUSTAINABLE ARCHITECTURE I // PROF: JOSE MORO ; DIPL.-ING. MATTHIAS ROTTNER; DIPL. ING. TILMAN RAFF // TEO BRANDI & FRIEDERIKE THONKE

groundfloor plan

M 1:200

elevation

basem

M 1:200

fi rst floor

section M 1:200

section a-a’

SUSTAINABLE ARCHITECTURE I // PROF: JOSE MORO ; DIPL.-ING. MATTHIAS ROTTNER; DIPL. ING. TILMAN RAF

13 — Sustainable architecture – Construction and Form

energy Concept

heated area unheated area

bicycles

integration of spaces and services for the promotion of sustainable transportation

bathroom with shower

collection of rain for grey water use

compact building shape closed facade to the north open facade to the south

different sun orbit throughout the year summer

different captation of solar radiation throughout the year

winter

solar panels photovoltaic panels

external movable brise soleil to fight solar heating combined with an internal curtain

best angle for solar energy captation throughout the year

natural ventilation scheme and explusion of polluted air

diff use light getting in from the north

ground temperature year average ca. 10°C

geometrical pumps used for winter heating and summer coolingcombined with radiant heater panels

14 — Architecture

Task 2 – Construction of a New Gym by Antoine Soubeyran, Neila Construction of Zouainia a new gym plans - ground floo plan and r+1 plan

a new gym Construction of a new gym sections

Construction of a new gym groundfloor plan ground

sections

floor -1/200

basement plan

r+1 -1/200

antoine soubeyran & neila zouainia Sustainable architecture

longitudinalsection section A-A’ a-a’

1/200

section a-a’ 1/200

section b-b’ 1/200 cross section B-B’ section

b-b’ 1/200

interior perspective antoine soubeyran & neila zouainia

Sustainable architecture

15 — Sustainable Architecture – Construction and Form

Construction of a new

modeling and project developmen

Construction of a new gym modeling and project development

Construction of a new gym modeling and project development

model

antoine soubeyran & nei

Construction of a new gym references and concept 3d model and project

model

Construction of a new gym Construction a new gym references andof concept

antoine soubeyran developement & neila zouainia Sustainable architecture

references and concept

Facade south has a flexible shading system

Facade south has a flexible shading system

concept of shading

Facade south haswith a flexible south facade flexibleshading shadingsystem system

fac

structure reference, lausane

faca

east facade

reference, lausane reference, lausane

structure structure

facade oust

,0

Task 3 – Detailed Construction of a New gym PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK EDUCATIONAL PRODUCT

by Lisa gänsbauer, Francisco Sandoval 21th june 65°

21th december 18°

South facade

ENERGY CONCEPT

PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK EDUCATIONAL PRODUCT

,0

16 — architecture

GROUND FLOOR S 1:200

+6,0

energy concept and groundfloor plan

0,0

17 — Sustainable architecture – Construction and Form

ERIAL

20 k

PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK EDUCATIONAL PRODUCT

21th june 65° PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK EDUCATIONAL PRODUCT

Roof Construction 50 mm 2x4 mm 150 mm 4 mm 50 mm

21th december 18°

Gravel embankment 16/32 Roof insulation - Bituminous, 2-ply Slope insulation 2% Vapor barrier bituminous (V60 S4 + AL) Cast-in-place concret ceiling South facade

wood fiber board

ENERGY CONCEPT

Wall WallConstruction Construction(First (Firstfloor) floor)

150 100 50 0

20 mm Wood fiber board

U-VALUE 0,19

Floor Construction (First floor) 23 mm 50 mm 0.2 mm 20 mm 100 mm 15 mm

Flooring Cement PE-foil / separating position Impact sound insulation Cast-in-place ceiling Plaster

PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK EDUCATIONAL PRODUCT

200

PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK EDUCATIONAL PRODUCT

PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK EDUCATIONAL PRODUCT

8 8 mm plaster mmPlastic Plastic plaster 4040mm insulation mmHeat Heat insulation 2513 mm mmOSB-Panel OSB-Panel 40120mm Layer mmAirHeat insulation (straw) 140 13 mm mmStrawpanel OSB-Panelstrawtec 209.5mm mmOSB-Panel Plasterboard

recycled concrete

straw panel strawtec

Wall Construction (Basement) 120 mm 5 mm 240 mm 5 mm

Heat insulation Bituminous thick-coating Cast-in-place concret Plaster

Floor Construction (Basement)

GROUND FLOOR S 1:200

S 1:20 +6,0

0,0

SOUTH FACADE S 1:200

facade detail and south elevation PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK EDUCATIONAL PRODUCT

0,0

Flooring Cement PE-foil / separating position Impact sound insulation Heat insulation V60 S4 (sealing against non-pressing water) Cast-in-place concret base plate Blinding layer (C12/15) PE-foil / Fleece Coarse gravel 16/32

PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK EDUCATIONAL PRODUCT

+6,0

23 mm 80 mm 0,2 mm 20 mm 100 mm 4 mm 180 mm 50 mm 0,2 mm 150 mm

glued-laminated timber

18 — Architecture

Low-Tech or High-Tech?

Elective, SS 2014 Dipl.-Ing. Dominique Gauzin-Müller, external at SI Prof. Dipl.-Ing. Ingo Helmedag, ASU

Sustainable Architecture is the result of integrated planning, which combines ecologic, economic, cultural and social aims. What role does context play? Does it bring about a particular aesthetic?

In order to explore sustainability in depth, this seminar is structured around four questions. Where does sustainable architecture come from? Pioneers like Frank Lloyd Wright, Alvar Aalto and Hassan Fathy will be collectively studied and foundational texts about philosophy, economy and sociology commented. What does LowTech mean in the Global North and in the Global South?

“More with less“ is one of the key phrases representing Low-Tech architecture. Case studies such as the METI school by Anna Heringer (Aga Khan Prize Winner 2007) will demonstrate that it is possible to achieve beauty and create specific identities with little means. How much High-Tech is appropriate? Sustainable Architecture demands a deep knowledge about current technologies, but it does not need to be covered with photovoltaic.

Case studies will support us in defining the right measure of High-Tech depending on the context. Where is the balance between High-Tech and Low-Tech? Sustainable architecture has to fulfil its functions and satisfy

its users. It should be adapted to its natural, social and cultural environment and require little energy. Local, renewable materials should be favoured. Numerous international examples from all the continents will be collectively analysed in order to understand the process, which results in a more sustainable world.

Organized by the Laboratoire CRATerre, architectural school in Grenoble (ENSAG) – the festival takes a new look at the incredible potential of Earth materials and fiber.

This innovative and forward-looking vision allows understand of what research brings to constructive cultures. Indeed, how to make possible the use of these materials, or their combination in housing projects socially equitable, environmentally sustainable and economically viable? ●

19 — Low-Tech or High-Tech?

LOW TECH, HIGH TECH: Aly El-Sayed, Dina Mahdy, Friederike Thonke, Maram Shaaban

Introduc on

common social rooms common bathrooms common kitchen

floor plan edited from the plan provided by the architect

Phantasy and Chaos...

Das Bauhäusle, Peter Hübner, 1981, Stuttgart

by Aly El-Sayed, Dina Mahdy, Friederike Thonke, Maram Shaaban Under the motto „learning by building yourself“ both Prof. Hübner and Sulzer, lecturers in the department Architecture at the University of Stuttgart, had the idea for a new contemporary, practical project in the context of architectural education. In the context of the shortage of housing for students, the students came up with the idea of a self built dorm where they can design their own house and rooms, which can combine theory with practical life application. This was fully encouraged by the professors as a self experimental building. The beginning the process was a bit complex and extensive, however the students were provided with the scientific input concerning the building and structural methods, which allowed their ideas to be implemented. Nevertheless the whole process was based on students volunteer work and contribution to building their own social community. So it is mainly based on the social solitude of building as a whole community living together.

Sustainability Assesment Circle: The “Sustainability Assesment Circle” tool will be used for the sustainable assesment of the Bauhaüsle project through a set of three main principles. They are the environmental, socio- cultural and socio-economic . These principles are formed by combining the four columns of sustainability (environmental, economic, social and culutural) according to the specific settings and nature of the project. Due to the central role of the social aspect to the project, it would be merged into both the economic and cultural principles. It plays a central role as it forms the main concept behind the building of the Bauhaüsle through the collaborative efforts of volunteer students and inhabitants’ responsibility for the maintenance of the building.

Each of these main principles contains a set of minor aspects that aim to assess the building‘s performance towards different dimensions of its respective aspect.

The building‘s performance towards each aspect will be graded on a scale from one to five points, where five is very good or efficient and one considered to be poor.

20 — Architecture

e, Maram Shaaban

Circle:

or the a set socioed by ental, �ngs social nomic s the ough tant‘s

pects erent mance o ve dered

Assessment Zone inspired from Versus : lessons from vernacular heritage to sustainable architecture

inspired from “Versus: lessons from vernacular heritage to sustainable architecture”

A) Environmental Aspects 1. Appropriately situated, respecting nature – The building is well suited to the surrounding natural context, it goes harmoniously with the biotopes in the sense of not destroying the majority of trees or changing the surrounding natural condition. It was adapted to the existing site with little re-leveling of the land or any further work. Apart to the normal student housing that is located at the same place where the whole surrounding landscape was redesigned, it caused minimal changes to the surrounding site.

2. Reduce pollution and waste of materials – As it was a student project, funding was limited which, on one hand, encouraged the reusing of redundant samples of building materials and on the other hand, gave room to think of how to apply and utilize these recycled materials. A majority of the overall construction materials was provided by specialized companies as redundant materials, which contributed, along with several hundred hours of volunteer work, to the reduction of construction costs down to 55 percent. This also affected the construction concept as building dimensions and solutions were mostly provided on-site based on the size and state of the aquired materials.

3. Contribute to health quality – The diverse designs for the rooms gave different possibilites for orientation.

With the main circulation oriented along the east-west axis, services placed in the center, allowed most rooms to be either directed to the north or south. Eleven out of thirty rooms (36%) are directed to the north, which provides reasonable possibilty for natural lighting. Thirteen out of thirty rooms (43%) are south facing towards direct sunlight, which can decrease the quality of natural lighting (e.g. glare). Some of these rooms have horizontal overhangs to provide protection from direct sunlight.

The last six rooms (20%) are oriented mainly to the west.

It is important to mention, that the diverse design of the rooms, where more than 90% have two floors with lofts, provided more orientation possibilites for most of the rooms. Rooms with main orientation towards a certain direction have other openings on the second level towards other directions. Such diversity provided potential for better ventilation.

4. Thermal comfort – The thermal insulation is not good because the thickness is only 11.5 cm insulation material; but the main problem is the existing heat bridges and insufficient air tightness. Which accordingly we propose enhancing the insulation value by adding another layer of 8cm of wooden soft board as insulation (TJI beams – minimal heat conduction capacity). Keep the original cladding in order to reuse the material and keep the appearance. Insulate the columns connected with the outside and the concrete fundament by putting a rubber mat.

B) Socio-Cultural Aspects 1. Enhance creativity – The project idea came out by the Architecture department professors of Stuttgart University and Peter Sulzer to give students the chance to combine their theoretical work on paper and the practical life work by building their own students house, and therefore applying the approach of „learning by building yourself“.

The professors provided the students with scientific input about needs, sizes, body movements and the techniques for building a shell around to assist them in designing their rooms themselves. Nevertheless the students had the freedom to pursue ideas freely with intelligent construction, natural daylight and ventilation which resulted in ideas like small towers, mills, bays and winter gardens.

21 — Low-Tech or High-Tech?

2. Know-how and expression of identity – The house was of working time were done on a voluntary basis, that criticized for not having a unified language especially in minimized the total cost per square meter to 990DM inthe facade expression and that it did not fulfill the stand- stead of 2,200DM, not only in terms of labor work but ard building aesthetic dimension. Each of the students also due to the sponsoring of the Building materials. expressed his own identity and conceptual ideas which 3. Extend the building’s lifetime – The students learnt resulted in a combination of shapes connected together. how to build and use the technique, science and know The use of different materials and building techniques how in order to apply them throughout the whole proalso enriched the idea of individual identity, which sub- cess of building, which taught them the process without sequently allowed the building to grow coincidentally re- needing carpenters or specialists mansion workers. That flecting personal stories and experiences. provided them with the capability of regular self main3. Social cohesion – The house is self governed and self tenance, which imply a resource management and cost managed, the students form a community in-between control, in other words it is considered to be one of the and they act as they own it. Accordingly community meet- tools for applying sustainable economical approach. ings, cleaning and rubbish removal duties are scheduled and self organized. Even the community decides upon Conclusion new members (residents) to move in. The main concern According to our „Sustainability Assesment circle“ we of the selection process is that the newcomers should be concluded that the Socio-cultural aspect was and still capable of the social responsibilities, which are not only is central to the existance of the building, while on the cleaning and garbage removal, but also on taking part in contrary the environmental and economical aspects the existing community. were not of high perfomance quality. However the social 4. Resource management – The inhabitants collect atmosphere in the building is so distinct and perceptithrown out unsold food by the super markets and also ble, it encouraged its growth and and the enhancement the old bread remaining in the bakery shops which can- of the environmental aspects while considering the econot be sold anymore, in an attempt to provide free food nomical aspects to reach better sustainability profile. for everyone in the house and also as an expression of the Through proposing better insulation solutions there is recycling process. This is to also raise awareness of the the ability to increase the environmental performance. ● concept of the „reusage“ as the culture of reused food. The students‘ design also included a wood workshop, which encourage sthe students to build their LOW TECH, HIGH TECH:own Aly El-Sayed,furniture Dina Mahdy, Friederike and Thonke, Maram Shaaban even maintain it afterwards asSustainability well as use their creativity.Circle: Asssessment Conclusion

C) Socio-economic aspects 1. Autonomy – The students grow their own plants, for According to our „Sustainability Assesment circle“ we concluded example salad crops and vegetables, aiming for selfto the susthat the Socio-cultural aspect was and sƟll central existance of the building, while on the contrary the environmental and economical aspects were not of high perfomance quality. tainable food production. Some students also carried out However the social atmosphere in the building is so disƟnct and percepƟble which was the inspiraƟon to stenghten it and accordingly enhance the environmental, yet the economical experiments on using solar cells (PV panels) renewaspects to reach beƩ er sustainabilityas proa le. Through proposing beƩer insulaƟon soluƟon to increase the environmental performance. able energy source.

2. Optimize construction efforts – The site was on the university‘s experimental ground with an allotted life span of fifteen years. To reduce the cost of the material, a search was made for redundant and second hand materials, including using double glazing panel mistakenly manufactured to wrong size. Material and financial donations, a government grant and the free labor force of around 200 students presented the financial framework of the project on a sound basis. This meant 30,000 hours sustainability asssessment circle – conclusion for Bauhäusle

22 — Architecture

War Destruction and Reconstruction Elective, SS 2014 Dr.-Ing. Dietlinde Schmidt-Vollmer, ifag

Daily newscasts report of war devastation in several areas of the world. About 70 years after the destruction of many major inner cities in Germany and other countries in WW II, we are discussing the former and present situation of these urban centers. New seminal concepts like the booming city-highways (towns adapted to traffic), healthier conditions for living and other efforts could be implemented on the cleared off areas after removing ruins and demolition material. Famous and desiderable architectonical solutions were found for corrective maintenance and restoration, but also mistakes were made.

The discussion on reconstruction as a matter of principal is prevailing again since about 20 years ago. The castles in Berlin and Potsdam and the construction sites of Braunschweig and Dresden are examples of this. â—?

23 — ART DURING WARTIME War Destruction and Reconstruction War Destruction and Reconstruction - Dima Dayoub

IN SYRIA

Dima Dayoub

Art During Wartime In Syria

by Dima DayoubIn a war, art is not a luxury

In a world that makes no sense, artists, writers and actors have a right to speak out against war

“In a war, art is not a luxury Jeanette Winterson In a world that makes no sense, artists, writers and actors have a right to speak out against war” – Jeanette Winterson

Tammam Azzam – Bleeding Syria

Tammam Azzam - Bleeding Syria

There‘s an excruciating duality to the reality of art during wartime. On one hand, the context and often the pretext required for consuming/making art during conflict or catastrophe makes the effort seem insultingly silly (the example of the quartet being forced to play as the lifeboats were loaded on the Titantic comes to mind). On the other hand, in the midst of the madness, sometimes art is the only thing that can give a truly reassuring ions and self protests glimmer of hope. “ashaab yureed isqat annidham” – the people want to bring down the regime

The beginning of the uprising in Syria The spark that lit the flame – Art has played a big role since the beginning of the Syrian crisis. Actually the socalled Syrian revolution was sparked by a sort of artistic expression. When anti- regime graffiti was seen on a school wall in the southern Syrian town of Daraa and a group of 15 teenagers were thrown in jail and tortured for this, some of the first protests were provoked.

Tarek Tuma’s portrait Hamza Bakkour, the boy a Tarek Tuma’s portrait ofof Hamza Bakkour, the 13-year-old boy13-year-old shot in the face during siege face in Homs, Februarya2012. shot in the during siege in Homs, February 2012.

Forms of creative demonstrations and self protests Creative protests continued afterwards, Syrians have drawn cartoons; Syrians drew paintings;

s and self protests

n“

24 — While one is being punished for a forbidden glimpse of the human body, architecture another is rewarded for the destruction of heritage on the aim of spreading God’s word. Here you see the torn Syrian heritage of Aleppo city being projected on naked human bodies.

What happened and is still happening shook the concept of art’s purpose to its foundations. For decades art in Syriaas had Art a been toolthe preserve of elites, they created it, produced it, watched it and consumed it. The revolution libArts allow for alternative debate and dialogue erated arts from its locked chambers and made it readily Digitally manipulated photos by Syrian artist Tammam Azzam are both familiar and available, a tool to be used in a complex set of ways. shocking.

War Destruction and Reconstruction - Dima Dayoub

The juxtaposi

a new voice to

but that of the

“To sin by silence when they should protest makes cowards of men” and I refuse to be a coward. This is my protest – angeligue Sanossian

angelique Sanossian – Mouharamat 2014 Mouharamat an Arabic word, which means the certain acts that one should be punished for as sins. Mouharamat reveals the hypocrisy and incoherent logic of our world. While one is being punished for a forbidden glimpse of the human body, another is rewarded for the trations and self protests destruction of heritage on the aim of spreading God’s word. Here you see the torn Syrian heritage of Aleppo city being projected on naked human bodies.

Matisse’s nudes from The Dance skipping over rubble

Matisse’s nudes from The Dance skipping over rubble

art as a tool

written

ers in-

nguage

War Destruction and Reconstruction - Dima Dayoub

Art as a tool

Arts allow for alternative debate and dialogue Digitally manipulated photos by Syrian artist Tammam Azzam are both familiar and

There are many forms of creative protests such as writshocking. ten poems, slogans, sculptures, movies and more. Abounaddara is a collective of self-taught filmmakers involved in emergency cinema. Their short films invent a new cinematographic language adapted to the urgency of the situation in Syria. Abounaddara tells the story.

arts allow forKlimt’s alternative debate and dialogue Gustav The Kiss projected onto a bullet-pocked wall in Damascus Digitally manipulated photos by Syrian artist Tammam Azzam are both familiar and shocking. The juxtaposition of both the creative and destructive potential of humankind, introduces a new voice to the conflict that is neither the regime spokesman nor opposition warriors, but that of the Syrian artist.

“For myself, friends and other artists, art is our way to The juxtaposition of both the creative and destructive potential of humankind, introduces resist or to fight. It’s the only thing we have. I’m an artist a new voice to the conflict that is neither the regime spokesman nor opposition warriors, not a soldier.”

– Tammam Azzam but that of the Syrian artist.

Change of art purpose in Syria Now filmmakers, dramatists, singers, artists and writers suddenly found themselves facing a lake of blood, promoting them to reexamine the function and aims of art.

The question of how a film, song, poem, play or painting could be meaningfully produced in a country where more than a hundred martyrs fell each day?

Matisse’s nudes from The Dance skipping over rubble

gustav Klimt’s The Kiss projected onto a bullet-pocked wall in Damascus

25 — War Destruction and Reconstructionand - Dima Dayoub War Destruction Reconstruction

Refused to leave Aleppo, the famous Syrian artist Youssef Akil sits every day in his house that he opened for displaced people from the city and draws daily. He has replaced his white doves that used to be his drawing signature with crows as a sign of frustration.

Art as a tool

Arts can help build trust and

Arts can help build trust and encourage empathy encourage empathy Six Syrian artists have set a Guinness world record in 6 Syrian artists have set a 2014 Guinness world record.

2014. Using scraps from the streets of war ravaged DaUsing scraps from the2014, streets of built war ravaged Damascus. mascus.

In January they the largest mural In January they built the beautifying largest mural made from 2014, recycled materials, themade area from out-

side a primary school in Syria’sthe capital. recycled materials, beautifying area outside a primary “In the difficult conditions that the country is going school in Syria’s capital. through, we wanted to give a smile to the people, joy to the children, and show people that the Syrian people love life, love beauty, love creativity”

a painting of Youssef Akil with his new signature a crow

Arts allow for the treatment and healing of trauma for the victims of conflict Syrian refugees making sense of war through art. A centuries-old stable just outside Beirut has become a refuge for young Syrian artists fleeing violence back home. It offers an insight into how Syria’s creative class has become alienated from an uprising that many once supported.

through, wecreate wantedawareness to give a smile to inspire the people, joy to the Arts can and tolerance

AptART – Awareness & Prevention Through Art Apt Art is a group of artists and activists working to “Damascus is wounded and sad… through and creating something empower marginalized children art to express beautiful from we can rebuild despite themselves asrubbish well asmeans build that awareness and promote

around and differences children, show people that the Syrian people love life, “War on famous canvas by Amjad Wardeh” – This short love beauty, love creativity”

prevention of issues affecting their lives. Over 2500 the destruction.”

Syrian and Jordanian children created works during a

the new guiness world record in Damascus

“In the difficult conditions that the country is going

movie transposes the war scenes of Syria to the famous

six months street art project. Through the project, children’s messages of peace, hope and coexistence were Brueghel and Paul Gauguin.

It shows the destruction of splashed across more than 60 walls throughout Jordan.

Arts allow for the treatment and healing of trauma for the victims of conflict works of art while victims chanting Allah Akbar when For refugee and host communities alike, the art creates AptART & Prevention Through Art bombs- Awareness explode.

We quickly understand how relevant the ownership of shared spaces while infusing color into “COLOURS messageOFisRESILIENCE” today and how universal it has become. stark landscapes. ● “Syria, a martyr country, is also a work of art in jeopardy.” – This film tries to awaken our consciences. It has been displayed in Cannes festival 2014 short film category and has won the Made In Med short film contest.

War Destruction and Reconstruction - Dima Dayoub

Art as a tool paintings of Leonardo da Vinci – Salvador Dali – Pieter

Arts provide alternatives to diffuse frustration, aggression and hostility Refusing to leave Aleppo, the famous Syrian artist Youssef Akil sits every day in his house that he opened for displaced people from the city, and draws daily. He has replaced his white doves that used to be his drawing signature with crows as a sign of frustration.

Apt Art is a group of artists and activists working to empower marginalized children

For refugee and host communities alike, the art creates ownership of shared spaces

through art to express themselves as well as build awareness and promote prevention of

while infusing color into stark landscapes.

issues affecting their lives.

Over 2500 Syrians and Jordanians children created works during a 6 months street art

children painting a wall in Jordan at the AptART

02 — Urban Planning

28 — Urban Planning

29 —

Urban Policy, Planning and Sustainable Urban Management I Core Module, WS 2013/14 Dr. Nina Gribat, SI Dipl.-Ing. MSc. Franziska Laue, SI

In Urban Planning I different theoretical approaches to cities, environment, social issues and to the practice of urban and regional planning itself are introduced. The module aims to make students reflect critically on urban policy-making, urban and regional planning and urban management. In highlighting how different theoretical approaches inform planning practices (and vice versa) the module demonstrates that theoretical and practical approaches to planning are closely interlinked. Furthermore, the module draws attention to the dangers of uncritically transferring theories or practices to different urban contexts (e.g. global north to global south; or growing city to shrinking city). Practical constraints of relying on best practice methodologies (and mainstream urban theories) are highlighted.

For their assessment, students were asked to write essays that deal with a selected theoretical concern of this course in a chosen case study area. â—?

30 — Urban Planning

How did Neoliberalism Steer the Rainbow Street Regeneration Project in Amman?

Does Neoliberalism cause Displacement in Cities?

by Jude Al Issa Zada Neoliberal policy, commercialization and market-driven economic growth have been prevailing in Amman in the last few decades (Summer 2006, as cited in Brenner and Theodore 2002). Several neoliberal urban development projects have been planned and constructed recently in Amman including “hotels, shopping malls, and office towers [that] created space for transnational investors and elite consumers at the expense of ordinary ‘Ammanis’” (Page 2013, p.124). Neoliberalism in Jordan is a political and ideological approach, which promises “job provision,” “new promised lifestyle, and other emancipatory rhetoric” (Daher 2009, p.3). But in reality, a lot of these neoliberal restructuring projects are changing the urban geographies of the cities, creating more social exclusionary spaces, and causing physical displacement (Daher 2009). This phenomenon is clear in several of the previously mentioned newly constructed urban development projects. In this article, I will emphasize one of them, The Rainbow Street Urban Regeneration Project, which is implemented in one of Amman’s oldest neighbourhoods, Jabal Amman. The reason I chose this project is because it aimed to counteract this prevailing ideology and, to the contrary, “exclusively emphasize[s] ‘Ammani’ architectural and social heritage” (Page 2013, p.115). However, as clear as the objectives of the project were, it turned into one of the classic neoliberal, marketled gentrified areas (Debruyne, Parker).

In this article I will analyze the effect of Jordan’s neoliberal policy on Rainbow Street in terms of gentrification of the area and the resulting displacement of the residents. Firstly, I will define the terms gentrification and displacement according to the definitions used by Peter Marcuse (1985) in his book: “Gentrification, Abandonment, and Displacement: Connections, Causes, and Policy Responses in New York City.” Then I will attempt

to theoretically prove the direct effect of neoliberalism on gentrification and eventually displacement. Finally, I will go in depth into the case study to question the eligibility of my hypothesized theory in reality, attempting to answer the question: does neoliberalism cause displacement in cities?

Gentrification and Displacement According to Peter Marcuse (1985), Gentrification and displacement are linked to the city’s economy. He argues that development in poorer areas might cause gentrification, which attracts people with higher-income, causing increased pressure on lower-income residents to abandon the area. “A vicious circle is created in which the poor are continuously under pressure of displacement and the wealthy continuously seek to wall themselves within gentrified neighbourhoods” (Marcuse 1985, p.196).

In Marcuse’s (1985) book, “Gentrification, Abandonment, and Displacement: Connections, Causes, and Policy Responses in New York City” he defines the terms as following. To begin with gentrification, he quotes Daphne Spain, “Gentrification occurs when new residents... replace older residents... from older and previously deteriorated inner-city housing in a spatially concentrated manner” (Spain 1981, as cited in Marcuse 1985, p.198199). Gentrification results economically in an increase in living cost, and socially in a disruption in the existing social network (Bernt and Holm 2009). This social disruption causes a physical change in a neighbourhood (Marcuse 1985). The term for physical change used here is displacement. Marcuse quotes George and Eunice Grier on displacement, “Displacement occurs when any household is forced to move from its residence by conditions that affect the dwelling or its immediate surroundings, and that: 1) are beyond the household’s reasonable ability to control or prevent; 2) occur despite the household’s having met all previously imposed conditions of occupancy; and 3) make continued occupancy by that household impossible, hazardous, or unaffordable” (G. Grier and E. Grier 1978, as cited in Marcuse 1985, p.205).

31 — Urban Policy, Planning and Sustainable Urban Management I

There are several causes for displacement discussed by Marcuse (1985, p.205-217), two of which, will be stressed in in my argument. “Pressure of displacement” occurs when there is a dramatic social, economic and/or physical change in the neighbourhood making the area less liveable, and pressuring its residents to be displaced (Marcuse 1985, p.207). Another cause of displacement is “forced displacement” occurring when landlords are stirred by “market trends” and change rent prices accordingly, which might force low-income residents to leave their house if the market indicates increased prices (Marcuse 1985, p.215). In this context, we can conclude that gentrification could be a prerequisite to displacement because residents leave their neighbourhoods due to the economic changes, in other words: gentrification.

As the poor are continuously displaced in this equation, this raises the question of the poor’s ‘right to the city’ (Bernt and Holm 2009).

To conclude, since displacement could be directly linked to gentrification, and gentrification is a result of change in economic and market forces, one can assume that neoliberalism can have an indirect effect on displacement.

This is studied in more depth in the case of the urban regeneration of Rainbow Street in Amman, Jordan.

The Rainbow Street Urban Regeneration Project Amman is a relatively young city that has undergone very rapid and massive growth in the last few decades (Potter et al 2009). In order to contain the city’s growth, the Greater Amman Municipality (GAM) completed the Metropolitan Growth Plan (MGP) in 2008, which aimed for compact growth, high-density and mixed-use development, in order to resist sprawl (Beauregard, Marpillero-Colomina 2011). Due to Jordan’s minimal resources and its dependency on tourism and foreign investment, GAM concentrated in its plan on branding and marketing Amman as a “global capital” with opportunities for “global investment” (Page 2013, p. 112-113). Consequently, the construction of malls, gated communities and high-rise buildings, which resulted in the classic image of a neoliberal city. This is mentioned in several

researches (Daher 2009, Page 2013, Summer 2006), I would like to mainly accentuate the statement by Architect Rami Daher, the chief designer of the Rainbow Street project, “Amman represents a clear example of neoliberal urban restructuring and emerging forms of spatial ordering and engineering such as high-end and isolated urban development and regeneration” (Daher 2009, p.2).

The Rainbow Street Urban Regeneration Project is one of GAM’s projects aiming to brand the city; this time through social heritage. “Rainbow Street represents efforts of the Greater Amman Municipality (GAM) and ‘Ammanis’ to brand Amman as a historical, cosmopolitan, global city” (Page 2013, p.109). The planners of the project are well aware of the current neoliberal trends and work to “counteract [them]” as mentioned by Daher (2009, p.18), “the project thrives to sustain the current social mix in the area (counteracting the current neoliberal transformations and urban restructuring)”. Rainbow Street lies in the old residential area of Jabal Amman. The area was flourishing in the 1960s and 1970s and contained residential, retail, cultural and educational facilities, religious buildings, restaurants, cafes, etc. Due to increased investment in modern projects around Amman, the area lost some of its economic and symbolic value in the 1980s and part of the 1990s (Daher 2009). The interventions done to the street in the regeneration process were mainly minimal, varying from transforming it into a more pedestrian-friendly street, providing benches and public spaces, and designing signage guidelines (Daher 2009). These small interventions have led to what Daher (2009, p.18) describes as a “significant comeback,” “rainbow is becoming popular again with a booming cafe culture, craft shops, bookshops, and the thirty-something clientele.” The street now is transformed from being a transport mean to becoming a destination to all ‘Ammanis’ from all different backgrounds. Random people who do not know each other now share the same space for very different reasons, varying from just walking, playing their instruments, visiting the cafes or just lingering and looking at the view.

According to Page (2013, p.119-120), “Rainbow Street is a

32 — Urban Planning

cosmopolitan space filled with ordinary ‘Ammanis’,... As a public street, it is a place for ‘Ammanis’ of all socioeconomic backgrounds”. The project seems to have succeeded in several aspects. According to officials in City Hall, Rainbow Street is seen as the “model for an upscale yet still authentic Amman” (Debruyne, Parker 2011, p.222).

It was also mentioned in Newspapers like The New York Times: “People like Rainbow Street. They mingle with ‘Ammanis’ from other parts of the city... Rainbow Street appears reborn” (El-Naggar 2010).

The project eventually fulfilled its aims of counteracting the current neoliberal fashion through creating a socially inclusive space that accentuates the area’s heritage. However, things took a different turn from here. The area became very attractive not only for visitors but also for investors, leading to gentrification of the neighbourhood and displacement of its original residents. This will be discussed thoroughly in the following section.

How did Neoliberalism Steer the Project?

In 2009, an investment group (Ahya Amman) started buying properties in the neighbourhood, and eventually obtained more than forty strategic properties in Rainbow Street (Debruyne, Parker 2011). Their intention was to change the area drastically through their investments of up to $100 million (Debruyne, Parker 2011). According to Debruyne and Parker (2011), the investment projects were exactly like the ones that neoliberal Amman is used to. Land prices increased even more when the development company (Al-Asriya Development Co.) started extensively buying houses in the area for the aim of rehabilitating and reselling them (Shawash ‘no date’). This coincided with the scheduled removal of rent control laws in the year after (Debruyne, Parker 2011).

This sudden rise in land-price resulted in threatening and displacing “vulnerable renting groups” living in the neighbourhood; mainly lower-income Jordanians, Iraqis and Egyptians migrants (Shawash ‘no date’, p.163). The residents started finding life there unbearable and began to move out, not only for economic reasons, but also due to traffic congestion, sudden huge inflow of visitors to the residential area, noise, and crowds (Al-Asad 2011). The

investments extended forward to create a high-profile exclusionary social hub in the already flourishing street.

Ahya Amman and GAM sponsored a summer Friday flea market that took place in one of the secondary streets of Rainbow Street, named JARA (Jabal Amman Residents Association) to encourage cultural tourism to the area (Debruyne, Parker 2011). As much as it claims to be an inclusive public space, JARA administration controls whoever enters by placing private security guards at the street entrance to keep out young men who seem to have come from poorer neighbourhoods, based on their appearance (Debruyne, Parker 2011). This again proves the previously unintended, but however applied, neoliberal approach to the project as a whole. According to JARA’s president (cited in Debruyne, Parker 2011, p.224), “We have our own ideas about developing this area. But it has become very attractive for others to come here and invest in commercial activities. The prices of real estate and houses are skyrocketing because there are few old houses and all of a sudden everyone wants an old house.

Everyone has gotten greedy in a way we don’t really like.”

As it clearly ended up, the area is slowly transforming into a set of neoliberal projects, based on economic and consumerist values rather than the intended cultural and social heritage rehabilitation. Other than the popular, cafe-filled, pedestrian-friendly street, the project ended up excluding some visitors and displacing the original residents. Shawash (‘no date’ p.164) critiques the project and states that it is a, “socially exclusive, fragmented and sanitized representation of heritage constructed by the project and driven by needs of consumerism.”

Conclusion In conclusion, as the prevailing neoliberal policy is dominating on several of the ongoing projects in Amman, attempts have been made to counteract that policy in urban restructuring. In this essay, I have chosen to analyze one such case, The Rainbow Street Urban Regeneration Project, because it aimed at creating a socially inclusive public space, but ended up as a socially exclusive neoliberal case. The money pumped into investing in this heritage area increased the land value and led tenants

33 — Urban Policy, Planning and Sustainable Urban Management I

and original residents to be displaced. In this case, gentrification and market forces definitely caused pressure and forced displacement, as defined by Marcuse (1985).

Daher (2009, p.3) concludes, “Several of these newly emerging spaces of inclusion and exclusion are causing severe cases of gentrification and social and physical displacement in the City”. As it is clear now that neoliberalism may lead to displacement, the question remains: what and who has more ‘right to the city’? The residents or the investors? ●

References: Al-Asad, M. (2011). “Three Public Spaces in Amman.” Center for the Study of the Built Environment.

Urban Crossroads. Amman.

Beauregard, R., and Marpillero-Colomina, A. (2011).

“More than a Master Plan: Amman 2025.” In Cities 28.1: 62-69. Amman.

Bernt, M., & Holm, A. (2009).

Is it, or is not? The conceptualisation of gentrification and displacement and its political implications in the case of Berlin-Prenzlauer Berg. City. 13(2-3), 312-324.

Brenner, N., & Theodore, N. (2002). Cities and the geographies of “actually existing neoliberalism”. Antipode, 34(3), 349-379.

Daher, R.(2009) “Discursive Mapping of Landscapes of Neoliberalism in Amman.”

Diwan. Germany.

Parker, C., & Debruyne, P. (2011).

Reassembling the political life of community: naturalizing neoliberalism in Amman. Neoliberal urbanism and its contestations: crossing theoretical boundaries, 155-172.

El-Naggar, Mona. (2010).

Sidewalks, and an identity, sprout in Jordan’s capital.

The New York Times.

Marcuse, P. (1985). Gentrification, abandonment, and displacement: Connections, causes, and policy responses in New York City. Wash.

UJ Urb. & Contemp. L., 28, 195.

Page, J. (2013). Rainbow Street: Heritage, Cosmopolitanism, and Urban Space in Amman, Jordan.

The Inquiry, 108.

Potter, R. B., Darmame, K., Barham, N., & Nortcliff, S. (2009). “Ever-growing Amman”, Jordan: Urban expansion, social polarisation and contemporary urban planning issues. Habitat international, 33(1), 81-92.

Shawash, J. (2011). Al-Balad as a place of heritage: problematising the conceptualisation of heritage in the context of Arab Muslim Middle East (Doctoral dissertation, University College London (University of London)).

Summer, D. (2006). The Neoliberalization of Urban Space. Transnational Investment Networks and the Circulation of Urban Images: Beirut and Amman. Villes et Territoires du Moyen-Orient, (2), 1-9.

34 — Urban Planning

Urban Policy, Planning and Sustainable Urban Management, Urban Planning II Core Module, SS 2014 Vertr. Prof. Dr. Nina Gribat, SI M. Arch. Marisol Rivas VelĂĄzquez, SI Dipl.-Ing. MSc. Franziska Laue, SI MSc. Julia Hartmann, SI

Urban and planning theory may sometimes seem a little abstract and detached from concerns in planning practice. This course aims to show how theoretical concerns underpin practice in focusing on urban development projects that target social, environmental, or economic sustainability, both in the global north and south. The course is based on a case study approach. In the first phase, students are required to critically analyse different urban development approaches of different real-word projects regarding social, environmental and economical issues of sustainability. In the second phase, they develop suitable strategies to enhance certain aspects of sustainability in the case study area. In both phases, the analyses and the preparation of strategic urban development concepts follows a structured approach to which students are introduced at the beginning of the term. In addition, students receive course materials, which form the starting points for their analyses and interventions.

Case study areas are selected based on different urban development and planning approaches, spanning from urban upgrading approaches of existing areas to the construction of new quarters or towns, but also including non-building approaches. â—?

35 — Urban Policy, Planning and Sustainable Urban Management II

Upgrading of East Wahdat – Amman, Jordan Report

by Adham Sannaa, Mohd Mehdawi, Stefanie Wladika, Tayseer Khairy Phase I – Analysis Background Information Development of the Settlement East Wahdat is located in the Eastern part of Amman. It is a former Palestinian refugee camp which was upgraded within the “Urban Development Project“ initiated by the government of Jordan and executive guided by the Urban Development Department (UDD), from 1980 to 1987. It was developed within the framework

no water

500 people

no jobs no sewage

96% access to water

524 shops

gentrification

job opportunities 473 households

no electricity no ownership

of the “Urban Development Plan” for Jordan, under the assistance from the World Bank.

The main aims were to provide 3000 plots with services to meet the growing demand of affordable housing in urban areas (Urban service strategy). Upgrading four informal urban settlements by improving their services and living conditions (Housing and upgrading strategy).

Implementing workshops, shops and small businesses as an income generator for the inhabitants (Urban economic strategy). Developing community facilities for women and children, and training employees in managing of urban development projects (Research and capacity building strategy). The East Wahdat Upgrading Project was awarded with the Aga Khan Award for Architecture in the 1992.

96% access to sewage

24 workshops

non-expandable

99% access to electricity 394 shacks

ownership

timeline of East Wahdat and our following analysis steps

427 households

unsecure

36 — Urban Planning Key Strategies Followed during Upgrading Process Looking deeper into East Wahdats development plan and its implementation it is noticeable that it was based on three key strategies (Figure 03) which took place in parallel and followed the participatory approach, based on the needs of the people.

Urban basic services – Provision of water supplies and improvement of the quality of infrastructure by crea- ting small funds in partnership with local residents and UDD. Housing and public area upgrading – Participatory assessment for housing and public areas were done with

local residents to avoid displacement of the inhabitant, achieve success in sensitive designs decisions and to encourage residents to interact more in public spaces.

Urban Economy – For more sustainability the UDD encouraged the local residents of East Wahdat to be part of the upgrading process. People were trained and hired to provide families with an income and therefore a minimum stan-dard of economic security.

Actors – Local residents were the main actors of the project, guided by the UDD and its sub-organizations, in order to achieve a sustainable development.

strategy

Evaluation SWOT Analysis and Shortcomings In the course of our evaluation of the upgrading program of East Wahdat, we observed the following positive aspects: Strength – Settlement is located in the center of Amman.

It is very accessible and connected to public transportation. There is an individual character to the settlement due to the freedom in the design of the houses.

Opportunity – High proportion of participation during the execution of the upgrading process. Remarkable feeling of openness and freedom due to the implementation of the physical settlement plan.

shortcomings according to residents

Further, we observed the following negative aspects: Weakness – Number of services and facilities are too small. The medical centre is wrongly located. Inhabitants with improved financial situation move away. No discernible improvements have been made since the end of the project. Car owners can not bring their car to their home.

Threat – Violations regarding building regulations and increased density. No control of the informal extension of the buildings and shops. Lack of qualitative public spaces and playgrounds.

37 — Urban Policy, Planning and Sustainable Urban Management II

SWOT Analysis – current situation and outlook

Phase II – Design Interventions Aims and Objectives Integrated Planning Strategy based on Participation and Empowerment Based on the analysis the new design proposal for the future, improvement of East Whadat follows these strategic elements: The comprehensive approach applies for a practical solution which is defined and deepened by the given characteristics and spatial, physical and socio-economical conditions of the area of East Whadat by using ordinary skills such as negotiation and communication based on the urban design theory of Forrester. Further, the strat-

vision – holistic approach

egy applies for an integrative planning strategy based on an integrative design proposal in order to achieve sustainable and long lasting outputs, going beyond the life span of the project and improving the living conditions of the settlement community in its everyday life.The Strategy is based on the idea that a long lasting improvement of East Wahdat is only possible through an integrative and participatory process involving the settlement community, all relevant authorities and stakeholders building on their capacity, similar to the approach of UDD. Parallel to an empowerment of the settlement community by letting themselves define the needs and priorities of improvements.

38 — Urban Planning Shortcomings – Integrated Needs Diagnosis The next step having gathered information from the SWOT Analysis of the Upgrading Program of East Wahdat is an integrative assessment of all relevant information towards the existing resources and capacities of East Wahdat. This has to be gathered by surveys of local settlement initiatives and institutions combined with input of local departments and programs, in order to identify the range of needs by an intensive participatory involving of the settlement community. Out of this an integrated diagnosis has to be developed, by analyzing and synthesizing the gathered information and creating an overview of the existing assets and potentials as well as problems and constraints of East Wahdat.

Disconnection between Centres Bad Condition of Public Places Unsecure Streets Area not accessible for private cars Boundaries of East Wahdat problems and constraints plan

Design Concept – Showing strategic goals for the improvement of the settlement From the gathered information of the integrated needs diagnosis a priority list has to be developed. This priority list will emphasize the key issues which will have significant and rapid impact on the daily live of the settlement community by defining the general direction and main focus. Further the gained information will be transformed in an Improvement and Action Plan, which follows the visualized deficits of the problems and constraints plan.

Steps of Implementation – Showing the exemplary implementation strategy of one improvement project The proposed strategy to improve the existing waste system in East Wahdat is based on a participatory approach which has different physical and social impacts. Our aim is to focus on stimulating the community to act positively towards the problem of waste by starting awareness campaigns which promote the recycling culture, and involve the community in improving the quality of their own waste. Introduced to the benefits of the waste recycling and encouraged by a system of incentives and penalties, our role in the beginning will be a facilitator, to connect the local residents in the community with professionals for training them where we can identify some key peoples to create the working groups. Several social groups should be trained to take part in the waste system developing plan. The participation of the com-

improvement and action plan

Proposed Connection Street Improve Public Places Improve Green Spaces Proposed Recreation Centre Planned Schools Local Committee Building Planned Services / Facilities Planned Waste System

Main Access Road Small Waste Collection Points Main Waste Collection Points implementation plan

39 — Urban Policy, Planning and Sustainable Urban Management II munity’s residents should be extended to reach the level of establishing their own organization, which includes an operation office, located in East Wahdat.

The main targets of the organization are to tackle waste related problems and to develop the existing waste system while achieving a high level of ownership. The organization’s operation offices will be fully owned and operated by the community itself. The community based organization (SBO) should influence the behaviour of the local community towards the existing waste system.

Steps of Implementation – Showing the exemplary implementation strategy of one improvement project The CBO shall start a fund raising process on both a local and regional level in order to improve the waste system through physical intervention. This includes setting up an appropriate waste collection plan in coordination with the Amman municipality, including strict collecting time schedules, and providing waste system components (e.g. empty oil barrels, basket system, collecting points with large containers, Carts). On one hand, the waste collection system in East Wahdat is structured as both a short and long term plan. The short term will be only handling the sorting of the garbage and finding some resources to provide waste such as factories or art workshops. On the other hand, the long term is a future plan to tackle the waste itself by bringing small industries to the community to compress the waste and sell it outside the community. The CBO should coordinate with Amman municipality and support them by using CBO’s equipment and tools in the waste collecting system.

on mplementation ment project

ould be trained to take part in the aste system developing plan. The rticipationresources: of the community’s redents should be extended to reach Misselwitz, Philipp (2009): e level of establishing their own orRehabilitating Camp Cities: nization, which includes an operaCommunity-Driven Planning RQ ṘFH ORFDWHG LQ (DVW :DKGDW for Urbanised Refugee Camps.

Conclusion All in all, East Wahdat has suitable living conditions due to the “Urban Development Project“ of 1980 to 1987 but it still needs a second upgrading project in order to overcome deficits in the public areas, the infrastructural sector and the provided services and facilities as shown in the Improvement and Action Plan (Figure 13). Solving the Waste Management System of East Wahdat would certainly improve the comfort and health condition of the public areas and spaces which could lead ,in combination with a physical improvement of the public area, to a more frequented use of these areas and consequently create a more wived and lively living environment for the people of East Wahdat.

But all these improvement aims can only be realized successfully in a long term way if the community ta- kes over the full responsibility of all activities done in the area and if they continue maintaining them. This can only be done if there is a local governance system, which is elected by the local community and which controls all ongoing processes. The improvement cycle requires further regular updates as well as a continuous Action and Improvement Plans which is implemented on a regular basis. Further the community and its representatives have to be trained to take over the long term responsiUpgrading of East Wahdat - Amman (Jordan) bility. This can only be achieved in a long term learning process for the whole East Wahdat population. Only then the Upgrading Projects are successful in a sustainable long term way. â—?

Professionals

Local Residents Unit scale

CBO Community Based Organisation

Dr.-Ing. Thesis, University

he main targets of the organization Stuttgart. e to tackle waste related problems d to develop existing waste UNRWAthe - United Nations Relief Works Agency for Palestine stem with and achieving a high level of in the Near East (2010): wnership. Refugees The organization’s opeCamp Improvement Planning WLRQ ṘFHV ZLOO EH IXOO\ RZQHG DQG Amman/Stuttgart. erated by(CIP) theMannual. community itself. he community based organization UN-Habitat (2013): Time to think %2 VKRXOG LQÀXHQFH WKH EHKDYLRU 53 UN-Habitat Model the local urban. community towards the Projects - 2013/2014. Nairobi. isting waste system. The proposed UXFWXUH IRU WKH &%2 LV VKRZQ LQ ¿re 14.

Sorting at home

Food Production at Home Bio waste Municipality Management System

Community Management System

Recycling Unit

District scale

Creating jobs

Sorting system

waste management system

Training

Public area in the Camp

Figure 14: Waste Management System (Source: Own drawing)

40 — Urban Planning

City Branding Elective, SS 2014 Dr.-Ing. Mona Helmy, SI

Branding of cities, as in the shaping of the ‘urban imaginary’ of a particular place, represents a collection of feelings and perceptions about city’s image, urban life, and built scape. City branding, as a new field of urban communication, donates the promoting of the city image through image representation / marketing processes.

Paris is Romance, Tokyo is Modernity, Egypt – where it all begins, Definitely Dubai, I amsterdam, etc. are slogans that reflect a promise and represent a mental picture that captures the essence of the city to all that are exposed to it. In the course of this student-centered based seminar, students will explore how cities brand themselves, and how cities succeed in creating a city brand, or a corporate city image to be identified better.

The seminar will examine the shift from city marketing to city branding by adapting the concept of corporatelevel marketing for the needs of cities and how it is marketed and sold for its residents, visitors, tourists and entrepreneurs. It will also explore how architecture is used as a tool to represent the branded image of the city.

Students were working in small groups to examine a variety of city branding approaches, precedents and experiences in different contexts. Lectures and case studies strengthened the link between theories and practices of city branding strategies. ●

41 — City Branding

City of Illusion?

About the unique character of Las Vegas’ urban imaginary and its illusionary appearance on different levels.

by Gregor Schopf Las Vegas – City of Illusion?

The term Las Vegas is strongly connected to a certain idea of an extraordinary lifestyle, unique possibilities and illuminated architectural fragments replicating famous monuments from all over the world and different periods.

With its gambling tradition it has always been representing a tempting chance to win an incredible amount of money. In this regard it symbolizes a specific adult craziness and the invitation to behave in a way, one would never do somewhere else.

Coming along with the ubiquitous slogan ‘What hap- pens in Las Vegas, stays in Las Vegas’, it promises to keep secret about occurrences in the streets, casinos and hotels.

Around 38.000.000 tourists make use of the promise each year (Las Vegas Redevelopment Agency, Data Book, 2012) and accept or even neglect the risky side of it – the average visitor suffers from a loss of 600$ after spending three days in Las Vegas’ casinos. The symbol Las Vegas drives out a clear imagination of the city Las Vegas, be-

ing a place with inhabitants of all kinds, problems and challenges, bureaucracy and administration or jobs and business apart from hotel, casino and gambling. Widely known as ‘The Entertainment Capital of the World’ or “Sin City”, it conveys a strong mental image, which implies to be both curse and blessing – economical power and wealth are strongly linked to severe crime and financial vulnerability, as I will describe later.

I want to add the title “City of Illusion” and raise the question: Is Las Vegas’ image build upon illusions and how do they appear and affect the city’s urban imagi- nary?

The Cambridge online dictionary describes the term illusion amongst other definitions as (something that produces) a false impression, idea or belief. It is not meant do be a synonymous for the word lie, which is defined as a false statement made with the intention of deceiving.

Even though both definitions seem to be closely related, the intention of deceiving implicates malice in the word lie, whereas the illusion’s definition is rather free of rating, neither positive nor negative. In the case of Las Vegas, the illusion could be understood as an invitation – people, knowing about the truth, are asked to accept false impressions, ideas or beliefs in order to absorb the full experience. In this regard I claim, that the illusion is used as an aspect of Las Vegas’ urban imaginary in several levels and appearances.

City Branding, Dr. Mona Helmy SoSe 2014, Gregor Schopf

City of Light

Figure 8: Las Vegas Poster, Light in the Desert

City Branding, Dr. Mona Helmy SoSe 2014, Gregor Schopf

City Branding, Dr. Mona Helmy SoSe 2014, Gregor Schopf

City of Individual Freedom

City of Gambling

Ci En

Figure 6: Las Vegas Poster, What happens in Las Vegas, stays in Las Vegas

Previous Page, Figure 1: Las Vegs Poster, Night Figure 2: Las Vegas Poster, Gambling

Figure 4

Las Vegas Poster: Light in the Desert – What happens in Las Vegas, stays in Las Vegas – Gambling – Entertainment

42 — Urban Planning

Historical overview Las Vegas was found in May 15, 1905 as a railway town, since the availability of water makes it a valuable resting point in the desert.

Between 1931 and 1935, the construction of the Hoover Dam caused a population boom and supplied economy, which was urgently needed in the grips of Great Depression. The legislation of gambling in 1931, which took place illegally before, supported the economical upturn.

The casino and hotel economy started to develop by attracting local workers and tourists.

The beginning of World War II added the military defence production as a new branch of industry to the valley, which caused a further growth of the city’s population.

After the war, tourism and entertainment took over as the largest employer in the valley. “Lavishly decorated resort hotels and gambling casinos came into existence” (Las Vegas city council, 2012). The illusion of wealth by winning in Las Vegas’ casinos was created in that time and lasts to this day as a key aspect of the city’s urban imaginary. In the 1950s, tourism was supported by atomic bomb tests as well, which attracted many visitors (Las Vegas city council, 2012).

In these days, the hotel and casino business became a strong tool of money laundering for organised crime. A well known fact, that contributed to the bestowed name ‘Sin City’.

history

Hover Dam 1934

Figure 19: Hover Dam in 1934

City Branding, Dr. Mona Helmy SoSe 2014, Gregor Schopf

“Las Vegas was regarded as an ‘open city’ for more than two dozen Mafia families across the country. Many had representatives in Las Vegas for decades, with Chicago being the most dominant [...]. By 1960, with the mob’s rise on the Strip, state gaming regulators created the notorious List of Excluded Persons, more commonly known as the Black Book of ‘undesirables’ banned from casinos, to keep a closer eye on the mob” (Jeff German, 2009). In the late 1970s, the mafia influence was successfully pushed back little by little, which was an elementary part of an image cleaning process towards legality and transparency. “In general city branding, as applied in practice, is centring on the creation of a favourable image or the change of a negative or indifferent image of the city and has found its tangible application around three main strategies: first, various promotional campaigns and visual identity tactics; secondly, the creation of signature buildings as landmarks for the city or the invention of new ways to integrate existing landmarks in the promotion of the city; finally, the staging of various types of events in the city” (Kavaratzis, 2008).

Kravaratzis’ theory matches with the steps, that have been implemented in Las Vegas, in order to change the image. Extensive advertisement campaigns were invented to attract more tourists and investors. In 1986 complex programs have been invented in order to stop the progressive urban decay in Las Vegas downtown and the surrounding areas. Architectural attractions were build, which function as landmarks in the city. Apart

history

Figure 25: Siegfried && RoyRoy Siegfried

City Branding, Dr. Mona Helmy SoSe 2014, Gregor Schopf

43 — City Branding

from that, the city forced the introduction of high class entertainment and leisure in order to clean their own image. Part of the process was the self given name “World’s Capital of Entertainment”, that implies the various economical activities connected to tourism.

In the 1980s, an unprecedented growth started, which is understood as a consequence of a successfully transformed image. The population almost doubled between 1985 and 1995, from 186,380 to 368,360. Nowadays, the US Census estimates Las Vegas population with 478,434, which makes it the largest metropolitan city in the U.S. that was founded in the 20th century (Las Vegas city council, 2012).

Appearance – City Form The visual appearance of Las Vegas is mainly dominated and communicated through its combination of architectural copies in an unique eclecticism. Replicas of great monuments are gathered along the city’s pulsing aorta ‘The Strip’, creating the superficial idea of having all the world’s sights in one street rather than giving a deeply reflected impression of different cultures. Venetian channels, the Statue of Liberty, the Eiffel tower, the Pyramid or the Hotel Sahara are not following the idea of creating an informative open air museum. They are evident illusions, trying to offer a huge visual variety, by using strong icons in order to add the value of recognition. In this regard, Las Vegas strategy contradicts with the widely used signature architecture, which aims on

form

Figure 31: The Strip the Strip

City Branding, Dr. Mona Helmy SoSe 2014, Gregor Schopf

presenting buildings with a strong handwriting of the famous designer. Las Vegas tries to convey atmospheres from all over the world by collecting well known images and asks visitors to accept the obvious untruth in it. It reaches uniqueness by gathering unrelated architecture, whereas the single fragment can not convey the character of the city alone.

The immense use of light, as a part of the architecture and the numerous signs, emphasizes the idea of space unification through simple effects. Seen from the vast surrounding desert, it creates the illusionary appearance of a fata morgana. The physical phenomena, produced by dispersed light through different hot air layers, is considered as visual deception. In this regard, the city’s distance image goes along with a fascinating, but typical incident that is known to happen incomparable climatic conditions.

City Structure Las Vegas’ layout is following an iron grid of straight horizontal and vertical lines, that is typical for cities of the USA. The structure takes less notice of the topography with slight exceptions in the north-east and the south-west. Two highways are crossing the city, coming in and leaving in different directions towards the Mojave desert. The Strip, being the city’s main street and home of most hotels and casinos, is situated in the very middle of Las Vegas. Its prominent position emphasizes the importance and highlights the value for the whole image.

structure

Figure 37:perspective Bird Perspective bird

City Branding, Dr. Mona Helmy SoSe 2014, Gregor Schopf

44 — Urban Planning

Its curved road geometry breaks the strict pattern. Thus, it protrudes on the map, and highlights its character as a street with its own rules and habits that affects the whole urban space. The illusion’s main road begins in the south with the Mandalay Hotel and ends after 6,800m in the north with the Stratosphere Tower, crossing the Sahara Avenue. The architectural approach of collecting sights is reflected in the street names as well. Names of famous destinations, artists or images are found all around the city, although they are focussed in the centre.

Main Actors in Communication and Urban Challenges – Las Vegas Convention and Visitors Authority (LVCVA) – Media generated Image Las Vegas’ image is strongly influenced by an inestimable number of movies and series. The displayed representation uses stereotypes of gambling, hotels, loss of money and control, crime, mafia, drugs, lies, unique freedom and craziness. In this regard, the city is understood as a symbol that needs no further explanations. By neglecting a deeper portrait of the city, it creates an illusion, which is only linked to clichés, consisting of certain activities, businesses and architectural images.

The slogan “What happens in Las Vegas, stays in Las Vegas”, gains its popularity from the media generated image as well. It supports the idea of and outlaw space and promises to keeps secret about misbehaviour, that is

only welcomed in Las Vegas.

The LVCVA, being in stake for the city’s advertisement and media generated image creation, is dealing with the slogan as well. A big advertisement campaign, done in 2012, gives within several video clips of 15 seconds different definitions of it. In a humorous manner the videos tell stories about lies, that people use to slip into another character. The portrayed persons introduce themselves with various different names or tell contradicting stories about their professions to the people they meet in Las Vegas. Proofing the image of a city that permits everybody to forget about common rules, it highlights an own moral weakness and allows to enjoy it. The campaign invites everybody to be officially part of the illusion by creating one as well.

Las Vegas Redevelopment Agency ((LV)RDA) – Protecting urban structures The city faced an enormous urban decay that reached its peak in the mid eighties of the last century as a consequence of the severe influence of organized crime like corruption and the lack of care taken regarding urban structure protection. The young heritage was about to fall into ruin in many places, which meant a threat for the city’s identity and economy, which is highly depending on tourism. To cope with this issue, the Las Vegas Redevelopment Agency was found in that time. “The

References Helmy, M. (2008) Urban Branding Strategies and the emerging Arab Cityscape, Universität Stuttgart Kavaratzis M. (2008) From City Marketing to City Branding - An Interdisciplinary Analysis with Reference to Amsterdam, Budapest and Athens, Rijksuniversiteit Groningen Las Vegas Nevada (2009) History <http://www.lasvegasnevada. gov/factsstatistics/history. htm> [03.07.2014] the governmental and private main actors of Las Vegas

Las Vegas Redevelopment Agency (2014) About Us and Projects, <http://lvrda.org/> [27.07.2014] Las Vegas Redevelopment Agency (2010), Data Book, Statistics and Development plans Las Vegas Redevelopment Agency (2011), Data Book, Statistics and Development plans Las Vegas Redevelopment Agency (2012), Data Book, Statistics and Development plans

45 — City Branding

(LV)RDA promotes the redevelopment of downtown Las Vegas and surrounding older commercial districts by working with developers, property owners and the community to accomplish beneficial revitalization efforts, create jobs and eliminate urban decay. The (LV) RDA coordinates with the city of Las Vegas Economic and Urban Development Department on day-to-day operations, business development and long-term strategic goals.

The city of Las Vegas currently has two designated redevelopment areas. Redevelopment Area 1 encompasses 3,948 acres. The area roughly includes the greater downtown Las Vegas area east of I-15, south of Washington Avenue, north of Sahara Avenue and west of Maryland Parkway. It also includes the Charleston Boulevard, Martin L. King Boulevard and Eastern Avenue corridors” (lvrda, 2014).

Conclusion ‘Branding of cities, as the shaping of the urban imaginary of a partiular place represents a collection of feelings and perceptions about image, urban life and cityscape’ (Helmy, 2008). The brand Las Vegas is strong and closely connected to a certain imagination of unique possibilities. Due to particular facts like an extraordinary legal framework in terms of gambling; short and crime influenced history; massive boom of population

and economy or unusual appearance and location, it became a motive or a theme within many movies and series. The city’s name became a symbol, representing a precise image that is limited to particular characteristics which have the common ground to be illusionary to a certain degree. In this regard, the aspect of illusion is an essential part within the creation of the city’s urban imaginary, that is the engine of tourism, which is the essential field of economy.

Due to the high dependence on tourism related businesses, the city faces a huge vulnerability to economical crisis, as seen in the financial collapse in 2008, which affected Las Vegas strongly. A reconsideration of the economy could lead to a distribution of the focus and to less dependence on one strong aspect. Especially the enormous demand of energy, to keep the city’s light running, means both huge challenge and chance.

Developing a new energy industry towards the usage of alternative sources can be a part of the solution. Las Vegas’ natural setting offers the great possibility to make use of sun and desert’s heat. According to that, the city’s image and urban imaginary should develop further in order to add new values of smart sustainability and appropriate industrial adaptation, without neglecting the strong characteristics that are the product of historical development. ●

City Branding, Dr. Mona Helmy SoSe 2014, Gregor Schopf

City Branding, Dr. Mona Helmy SoSe 2014, Gregor Schopf

City Branding, Dr. Mona Helmy SoSe 2014, Gregor Schopf

City of Big Money

City of Mafia

City of Monuments

Figure 3: Las Vegas Poster, Winning

Figure 7: Las Vegas Poster, Crime

Figure 9: Las Vegas Poster, Fake Monuments

Ci

Il

Figure 16:

Las Vegas Poster: Winning – Crime – Fake Monuments – Illusion

46 — Urban Planning

Berlin Module Elective, SS 2014 Dipl.-Ing. Raoul Humpert, SI Dipl.-Ing. MSc. Franziska Laue, SI Prof. Claus-Peter Haase, external Prof. Matthias Weiter, external

The third intake of the IUSD program joined the other German-Arab Master Program Students (GAMP) in Berlin for one week in May 2014 for the so called “Berlin Module”. Due to the ongoing and political and social reform processes in several Arab countries, the module is emphasizing on the interplay of institutions and organizations. During this one week, the participants studied the process of changing rules and regulations, based on practical examples, presented by actors in the German governance system on three different levels: parliament, federal government ministries, and implementing organizations. Students had the chance to critically discuss various topics ranging from economy, academia, social matters and politics. The “Berlin Module” also brought the chance to further strengthening the friendship and network with the other GAMP students and colleagues. ● students meeting and waiting before a meeting at the DAAD premises during the Berlin Module excursion

47 â&#x20AC;&#x201D; Berlin Module

Structures and Partners of German Archaeological Missions

by Dima Dayoub Archaeology Beyond Science and Research The course of the presentation that took place on the 20th of May at the German Archaeological Institute DAI in Berlin, was about an overview of the history of the institute, the different objectives, how they cooperate with different institutes and disciplines, their work beyond research and scientific work, and examples of various projects.

Archaeology is a tool to reconstruct history and the past; it is more than pouring technical or scientific disciplines to achieve scientific results. This is what Dr. Iris Gerlach, head of Sanaa Branch in Yemen, which is part of the Orient department in DAI, began her presentation with. Archaeology bears questions to modern life, world trends such as tourism, global migration movements, huge political transformations such as the Arab spring and how media and globalization have led to new forms of relationship with the past. Consequently this has influenced the work of DAI and pushed it in different directions especially in the last decades.

History of the Institute and Objectives The institute was founded 185 years ago in 1829 in Rome by a circle of scholars, artists and diplomats and in 1833 the instituteâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s headquarters moved to Berlin. In 1871 it was made a Prussian state institution for three years before becoming the Imperial German Archaeological institute in 1874. With a map showing the locations of the different departments of the institutes worldwide, we could see that a branch of the institute in Athens was

founded in 1871 and then in the 20th century Cairo, Istanbul, Madrid, Bagdad, Tehran, Sanaa, Damascus, Lisbon, Ankara, and more were founded. Today the institute is a Federal Agency within the area of responsibility of the Foreign Office. It employs around 120 scientists as a permanent staff and the others are under contract for a limited time. The staff carry out research in the area of archaeology and related fields, which includes domestic but especially international excavations, expeditions and other projects. Research results are presented in numerous publications. They have 60 volumes per year. Libraries, photo archives and they are open for the public and international scholars. DAI has experienced some changes after the German reunification, as in 1991 the archaeological research area of the cultural institute for ancient history and archaeological academic of sciences of former East Germany was joined with the DAI. DAI has developed a set of objectives for the area of building and research, national and international networking, quality insurance, personal structures, scientific services, promotion of young talented colleagues, and collaboration with the ministry of foreign affairs.

Cooperating With Other Disciplines and Fields Dr, Gerlach explained, that archaeology is to be understood as a science that is no longer managed without close interdisciplinary cooperation with other scientific subjects. It is no longer just excavating but rather trying to comprehend the side of findings embedded in the natural and cultural environment. For instance the project of constructing the climate history in Saudi Arabia by recording and evaluating findings while consulting other disciplines like geologists, botanists, anthropologists and many more. Using state of the art technologies

48 — Urban Planning

for documentation purposes like in the project of Qaser EL Azaam in Hama, Syria. As well as 3D laser scanning as an example in Egypt. Activities of the DAI are embedded in an extensive network of partners.

The DAI Work Beyond Research and Scientific Work The world monuments, archaeological sites and museums are an irreversible part of the common heritage of humanity. The work to protect monuments and try to preserve them for the future is part of the so-called cultural relations and education policy, which is an essential pillar of the German foreign policy. As a research institution DAI is not only serving scholars’ interests and the reputation of German research, but also contributing to the development of the cultural heritage of other countries, which is an important part of a dialogue and exchange within the scope of foreign cultural education policy of Germany.

Examples of DAI Work Dr. Gerlach showed in her presentation photos of her own projects in the Orient department in Yemen, of excavation sites of Hellenistic period, restoration of a monumental temple with monolithic pillars, the famous great dam of Marib to look at ancient times in the field of water management and its significance for the modern world. In this regard, the Orient department of DAI is involved in a study proposed by ICOMOS. For that study Gerlach collects all the ancient water irrigation systems in Yemen in a list and explain the old techniques and how to reuse them for the present time to get more water. DAI has been active in Yemen since 1978, and it is therefore one of the oldest archaeological institutes in this country. Another project in Ethiopia in 2009 on excavation and documentation of temples in the Damat region, restoring objects, building a museum and opening it for tourists.

She also added broader projects on how dependent archaeological research on the political situation is currently shown in the direct example of Iraq and Syria. Archaeology has to become an important topic in times of

crisis to generate attention and support in a consequent form such as recently in the case of Syria. With regard to density and its historical importance of its heritage sites, Syria’s cultural landscape belongs to the world and is under massive threat. For current and future assessments of the monuments a systematic archive, evaluation of the existing documents of individual findings is taking place in collaboration between DAI and the museum of Islamic arts in Berlin, which have a very large database from long lasting research in Syria. So they decided to launch a joint project in Nov 2013 to implement a digital cultural heritage list for Syria“ The Syrian Heritage Archive Project”. One more project partly financed by the foreign office transformation partnership, DAI designs ,jointly with the University of Helfan and the University of Cottbus, the English Masters program.

Heritage Conservation and Site Management To Sum up Dr. Gerlach concluded that archaeology is not only digging, but it involves different tasks. Archaeology has to be conducted without political borders and has to follow cultural units and other relations.

Question Session One of the questions raised after the presentation to Dr. Gerlach was about what makes DAI different from ICOMOS or UNISCO and her response was that the main focus of DAI is the scientific research and following research questions like trade routes and religion, while UNESCO is more about making lists, protecting monuments and open it to the public.

Comments During the Group Discussion We had a discussion round afterwards about the whole presentation where some expressed their excitement about the Syrian heritage archive project, while others saw that one of the disadvantages of the institute is their focus on a very specific narrow context according to their own objectives, regardless of a broader perspective or different eras of times. ●

49 — Berlin Module

New Perspectives Upon Global North – Global South relations: a win-win cooperation

by Mennatullah Hendawy At first glimpse, thinking about the German-Arab relations can be seen as a one-way lose-win relation, where global North, resembled in Germany being the main donator, helper and supporter, and global south becoming the recipient for change. The GAMP (German Arab Master Programs) workshop proved otherwise.

During the different meetings held in the GAMP culture exchange workshop, one of the cross cutting issues that was raised was how does the global North benefit from supporting international master programs.

Throughout the discussions it was apparent that the relationship between the global North and the global South can be seen from a win-win perspective and not a lose-win one. Dr. Weiter, one of the workshop supervisors, said clearly, “we shall not think that Germany is a donator. If it is a lose-win relation it is confrontation not cooperation”. Indeed, this deserved a sight of respect.

At the same time, when this issue was opened in the meeting at the Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF) (on the institutional level), the speaker replied openly that there are several purposes for such international master programs; for example promoting the transfer of technical know-how and allowing for opportunities for research in fields that are not present in the Global North (i.e. wind and solar energy). This in turn influences the implementation level of various projects in the global North and South. Diagrammatically the Talcott Parsons (1956) three-level action model can reflect the strong global North-South relation that should be present on these different levels (institutional, organisational, implementation).

In addition to that, Mr. Haase, the second supervisor of the GAMP Workshop, mentioned during one of the sessions that these international programs are an approach for convening interest in the neighboring cultures. It can also be considered as a way of networking and building contacts with its general population, which contribute to

getting to know each other over borders, in turn help in linking and connecting people, countries, and cultures.

“It is an opportunity to observe the other in order to understand him” he said referring to the importance of physiognomy science.

From the political perspective, Mr. Daniel Noshokaty (Science researcher – of Mr. Alexander Radwan, Member of Parliament) mentioned that it is not about imposing solutions or democracy on the Arab world. He said, however, it is important that the people in the Arab world find their way by themselves, “we just act as agents, helpers and supporters for what they want, not what we want” he added.

Although there was confusion among some of the German and Arab students regarding how both sides benefit from such international programs, during the working group discussions, specifically within the Advisory and Research team meetings, the group members were keen on redirecting their conversations towards solutionoriented and potential-focused approach regarding how the global North-South relation helps both spheres in meeting future challenges. It was also apparent that the attendees of the GAMP workshop needed to find such approach among the general sessions and discussions within it. Hanna Labonté (German student at the INEMA International Education Management program) said that the issue of global North-South win-win relation is often not narrated, and most discussions lack this dimension. “It is crucial that we focus on the good things in the Arab world that we lack in the global North, not the things that they do better, but also the things that they do differently” she said.

In the end, such a win-win look upon the relationship between the global North and South is important in showing how this cooperation is helping in reducing the gap between both spheres; academically and practically.

This gives another dimension for the strong relationship which is needed in the near future. ●

50 — Urban Planning

Between Lecture Hall and Project Elective, SS 2014 Dipl-Ing. Raoul Humpert, SI Dipl.-Ing. MSc. Franziska Laue, SI

In the summer term 2014, IUSD students took part in the competition “Zwischen Hörsaal und Projekt” (between lecture hall and project). This annual initiative, taking place since 2001, invited 117 students to practice actual knowledge sharing between academia and real developmental practice. The top three participants were granted an internship to a GIZ project .

The task was to design a poster critically assessing one selected ongoing international project by GIZ. This included direct communication and mutual exchange with staff in the respective projects.

All posters were evaluated by an interdisciplinary expert jury meeting in Berlin on July 11th, 2014 for the final symposium. IUSD students Friederike Thonke and Mennatullah Hendawy, presenting the subject “renewable energy does not end at the production of it”, were among the twelve best projects this year. ●

51 — Between Lecture Hall and Project

overlapping

Participation Room

Clear tasks

Financial channels

Cooperative agencies

Till 2009

Isolated island

G1 SWM UNIT

Implementation Monotoring & Evaluation

National Solid Waste Management Program (NSWMP) 2012 - 2016

Research QU. - Assimilating the road map towards suffecient SWM . ( Focus on Policies & Institutions )

till now

4

The draft of SWM legislations were approved by the parliament

Drafting solid waste legislation, and supporting the passage of legislation through parliament ministry of Finance ministry of state for environment

ct MA Proje - ESW

initiating the cooperation with ministries and asking for EU consultancy

IMC

1

ministry of International coop.

5

ministry of Housing ministry of local devlop

Project excuting agency-

PEA

6

ministry of Agriculture

Government

ESWMA

12Mio 3Mio

3

Parliament

2

20Mio

ministry of Industry

3

4

09 Since 20

Conflict between laws

Side Effects

Un covered areas

No coordination

Work duplication

No Frame work

G1 SWM UNIT

29 Governorates

Un defined roles

The governotes & municipalities roles are planning, monitoring and control.

G1 SWM UNIT

9 Ministries / Implementation

Concerns about the project Fear of financial difficulties after the end of the forign support (finaincial sustainability) based on previous experiences.

The need to have a not permenatnt committees for the SWM units in local levels to prevent possible corruption due to local lobbying.

UNVEILING THE HIDDEN TREASURE

Governorate

Conclusion The SWM was a high priority for the Egyptian gov since 2009 due to a lot of health and social problems that’s why the need to trigger this issue in the different level was essential. We mapped how the policies and respective admin authorities used to deal with SWM in Egypt which lead to failure due to in cooperative and disconnected environment on both GOV and local levels which was the starting of the SWM development that at the end targeted creating clear bodies that guarantees cooperation in both gov and local levels besides provide clear financial channels for implementation on local levels.

Institutions

Organized policy frame work

Facilitate the implementation at each governorate, at waste collection, recycling and disposal by contracting wity public, private sectors and community participation

MSEA/EEAA

The parliament role to Approve & develope the laws

2

Laws concerning SWM: - law 1967 / 38 - law -1968/134 - law 1976 / 31 - law 1976/106 - law 1994/4 - law 1995/338 - law 2005/1741 - law 2009/9 - law 2010/86

Between ministries

( Egyptian Environmental Affairs Agency )

Clear structures

No connections

The ministries role to implement Feeble SWM the projects at governorate scale.

G1 SWM UNIT

Government

chaos

- Private sector - public sector - CBOs (Zabaleen )

Governorate

Parliament

- was pursuing to achieve include improving efficiency and performance of the SWM through a combination of strategic planning, improved administration, greater public awareness, as well as active participation of the private sector.

- Issued the first national strategy at 2000.

Side Effects

Glue here

1

ucture tive str ministra SWM Ad

Please cut the dotted mark and form your trash box .

Consaltancy

Institutions

“Unveiling the hidden treasure –Solid Waste Management” – submission by ahmed Bakry, Mohammed Fawzi “Moving Towards Sustainable Mobility” – submission by Neila Zouainia, elisa Trujillo

Ahmed Bakry Mohamed Fawzy

52 — Urban Planning

Preserving Cambodias Identity

2 1

4

3

5 6

Reading the face of cambodia: During the Red Khmer dictatorship (1), Angkor Wat‘s archeological park was neglected and left to fall apart due to weathering (2).

It gains its importance from being the first Hindu and then Buddhist temple and also the world‘s largest religious monument. It is a world cultural heritage site and most importantly a symbol of Cambodia, placed on the country‘s flag (3).

Therefore, the monument‘s destruction means a severe threat to the cambodian identity.

Nowadays it gains its importance from being Cambodia‘s prime touristic attraction, which plays a superb role in the country‘s economic development. In order to support Cambodia‘s economy, and preserve its identity, GIZ launched the Stone conservation project in Angkor Wat. They started the project with only international experts (4), since APSARA did not have enough expertise for the job.

In order to start a sustainable preservation project and in collaboration with APSARA, GIZ began to develop a Stone Conservation Unit (SCU) that provides local experts (5). Following that, a book was developed for the training of conservation techniques which now serves as a reference world wide.

As a result, this sustainable project should have secured (6) local employment by offering job opportunities in the SCU. Furthermore, it managed to provide Cambodia with restoration and conservation experts that sustain the archeological site and subsequently the flow of tourists leading to economic development.

Most importantly the project maintains Cambodian‘s symbol, identity and cultural heritage: Angkor Wat.

Hörsaal und Projekte 2014 / Stone Conservation in Cambodia Razan Al Shadfan & Gregor Schopf Contact: razan.shadfan@hotmail.com / gregor.schopf@gmail.com University of Stuttgart Subject of study: Integrated Urbanism and Sustainable Design Institute: Integrated Urbanism and Sustainable Design / HuP Tutors: Raoul Humpert und Franziska Laue Contact: Josephin Rösler (GIZ in Cambodia)

“Fill in the Cracks – Preserving Cambodia’s Identity” – by Gregor Schopf, Razan Shadfan

53 — Between Lecture Hall and Project

Journal of Energy solutions

IUSD ISSUE #1

EXPANDING THE FOCUS

RENEWABLE energy does

JUNE 2014 Friederike Thonke Mennatullah Hendawy

not end at the PRODUCTION of it!

WHAT IS CURRENTLY HAPPENING? Restructuring Projects Egypt‘s Energy Sector

--------------------------

+ --------------------------

Connecting Lecture Hall & Projects

REGULAR

#1 Beyond Energy Production

Egyptian German Joint approach

Blackout Warnings Facts & Figures

123,451,644 81,121,077

2010

BLACKOUTS

2050

1,001,450 KM 2

Area

WHAT WE ENVISION?

GIVEN THAT

Population Growth

Energy Sources Natural Gas 49%

WE PROPOSE

CONSUMPTION IS INCREASING Other renewables 0.3 %

AP Photo/ Petros Giannakouris, 2006, in Pennlive blog

Billion Cubic Feet

Exports

Joint Commitee on Renewable Energy, Energy Efficiency, and Enviornmental Protection

JCEE

Members

Year

Thousand barrels per day

200 %

6.5%

Annual rate of

Peak electricity demand from 6,902 MW in 1990 to 22,500 MW in 2010

electricity demand is forecastzd between 2010-2020

4

2050

Residential Sector

40%

Accounts for

47%

From

To

GIVEN THAT WE PROPOSE

2008 2015

POLITICAL DIALOGUE

#3 Integrate Informal Areas

Tools

Multilevel Approach

Informal areas in Cairo inhabits about 60% of the population,. They connect illegaly the formal electricity network, which increases pressure on it.

WE Integrating informal areas in the official future PROPOSE plans for electricity generation and distribution GIVEN THAT

AC

of total electricity

Energy Price & Subsicdy sicdy Export

On 3 Levels

Transmission

Housing 1% Food 14%

Energy subsidy 72%

Distribution Electricity Subsidy System

Loans 1%

2%

Generation

Energy Demand and Consumption is Increasing + Price is Decreasing Subsidy system reformation to be applied on the segments of society who truly needed it.

Main Sector intersiciplinary Task Forces

a) Renewable Energies b) Energy Efficiency c) Sector Reform & Policy d) New Marked Mechanism

Annual Electricity Demand in1,000 GWh 131 2010 824

Ministries : - Electricity and Energy (EGY) - State for Environmetal Affairs (EGY) - Trade and Industry (EGY) - Housing, Infrastructure and Utilities (EGY) - Economic Cooperatiion and Development BMZ (GER) - Ministry for the Environment - BMU (GER)

Organisations: New and Renewable Energy Authority (NREA) Egyptian Electricity Holding Company (EEHC) GIZ KfW

Year

/

Energy gy Demand

47% of total energy consumption in Egypt accounts for residential buildings, 40% of this energy is used for cooling.

Promoting use of insulation inside building materials and construction in applied projects. and Teach it in Egyptian universities.

Only for #2 Subsidy Those Who Need

Interdepartmental,

/

+ PRACTICE

„ in the“City of LIGHTS

Coal 1% Hydro 5%

Oil 45%

EDUCATION

Switch to Customer Subsidy System Shift to subsidy on 1 level

Green Pyramid Rating

& System (GPRS):

Subsidies in 2011/2012 budge budget

PRICE IS DECREASING Electricity black-outs are a warning to find alternative energy ressources

Special Events

Cairo Climate Talks

„a platform to exchange experiences, raise awareness and foster cooperation between policymakers, business, the scientific community and civil society. “

& HLJC - Meeting

High Level Joint Committee

NO Incentives in the City of LIGHTS for Energy Saving

Refrences: El-Salmawy H., Challenges and Strategy of the Power Sector in Egypt, (unpublished presentation EgyptEra) Cairo’s Informal Areas Between Urban Challenges and Hidden Potentials | Cities Alliance. 2014. Cairo’s Informal Areas Between Urban Challenges and Hidden Potentials | Cities Alliance. [ONLINE] Available at: http://www.citiesalliance.org/cairo-potentials. [Accessed 20 June 2014].

Dii - Turning Desert Power into reality: Downloads. 2014. Dii - Turning Desert Power into reality: Downloads. [ONLINE] Available at: http://www.dii-eumena.com/press/downloads/select_category/6.html. [Accessed 20 June 2014].

Egypt Electricity Conspiracy | REBEL ECONOMY. 2014. Egypt Electricity Conspiracy | REBEL ECONOMY. [ONLINE] Available at: http://rebeleconomy.com/commodities/egypt-electricity-conspiracy/. [Accessed 20 June 2014].

Integrated Urbanism and Sustainable Design Ain Shams University & Stuttgart University Tutors: Franziska Laue & Raoul Humpert Contact Partners: Heiko Frieling & Zakaria Mohyeldin

Behind Syria’s Crisis: How Oil & Gas Limits Contributed To The Civil Unrest | Economy Watch. 2014. Behind Syria’s Crisis: How Oil & Gas Limits Contributed To The Civil Unrest | Economy Watch. [ONLINE] Available at: http://www.economywatch.com/features/syria-crisis-oil-and-gas-unrest.11-09.html. [Accessed 20 June 2014].

Egyptian Centre of Economic Studies Egypt: Urban Constitution Document · Global Voices. 2014. Egypt: Urban Constitution Document · Global Voices. [ONLINE] Available at: http://globalvoicesonline.org/2013/10/30/egypt-urban-constitution-document/. [Accessed 19 June 2014].

The World Factbook. 2014. The World Factbook. [ONLINE] Available at: https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/eg.html. [Accessed 20 June 2014].

Egypt moves to rein in energy subsidy bill - Economy - Business - Ahram Online . 2014. Egypt moves to rein in energy subsidy bill - Economy - Business - Ahram Online . [ONLINE] Available at: http://english.ahram.org.eg/NewsContent/3/12/56988/Business/Economy/Egypt-moves-to-rein-in-energysubsidy-bill.aspx. [Accessed 19 June 2014].

modified: Sachverständigenbüro für Holzschutz (2013) Dachausbau (image)

KEY

Images from the internet and modified by Authors.

Tools

Tools & Processes

Energy

Events

Photovoltaic / Solar water heater

Wind generator

Concentrated Solar Power

Evaluating Technique

training

Fund / Subsidy

Data examination

Awareness creation

Monitoring

Round Table

Knowledge sharing

Research

st111019@stud.uni-stuttgart.de hendawyy@gmail.com

“Expanding the Focus – Renewable Energy” by Friederike Thonke, Mennatullah Hendawy

03 — Landscape

56 — Landscape

57 —

Urban Ecology and Ecosystem Design I Core Module, WS 2013/14 Prof. Antje Stokman, ILPÖ Dipl.-Ing. Moritz Bellers, ILPÖ

This module presents the basic principles of ecological landscape design theory applied to urban environments, investigates the new landscape-based technologies as well as design approaches to create and discuss the challenges of an integrated planning process. The module aims to make students reflect critically on how urban landscapes are conceptualized, planned and implemented. It gives an overview of actual environmental challenges related to the urban environment and explained the effects of infrastructure development on landscape structure and function – drawing on knowledge from the fields of ecology, engineering and landscape architecture.

Different theories are introduced that try to recenter landscape planning and design around the goal of designing green infrastructure systems rather than creating beautiful and luxury landscape images. Responding to contemporary urban and infrastructure development challenges, this course brings together a series of innovative concepts and theories to discuss different methods, models and measures of ecological design of combined landscape and infrastructure for the 21st century. ●

58 — Landscape

UNWRAPPING THE TRIANGLE task I.II - city as natural ecosystem - a professional perception Balsam Madi, 2894120 - Razan Al Shadfan, 2868538

Clematis vitalba Ailanthus altissima Salix caprea

TIME

Populus tremula

- AREA USED 20 YEARS AGO - FILLED WITH SHRUBS AND TREES

Robinia pseudoacacia

Clematis vitalba

Buddleja davidii

Robinia pseudo.

NATIVITY OF SPECIES

NORTH AMERICA

POTENTIAL USES

TRANSPORT METHOD

s lu a pu ul Po rem t

CLIMAX

ron Erige us annu

CLIMBERS

lix a Saapre c

SW ASIA

Fallopia japonica

is at nia a ac a ia m l alba Robi doac Cle eu vit ps

UK

Salix caprea

A T T R A C T E D

S P E C I E S

PIONEERS

Fa

llopi ja ja a le ii ponica dd v id Bu da

EUROPE

JAPAN

us th a an im Ail iss alt

s

MOSSES

S nig ambu ra c u

CHINA

AFRICA

Fallopia japonica

Erigeron annuus

Populus tremula

Sambucus nigra

Ailanthus altiss.

mosses

Sambucus nigra Buddleja davidii Erigeron annuus mosses & algae

- AREA USED 5 YEARS AGO - FILLED WITH HERBS AND SHRUBS

This diagram shows the evolution of the vegetation on the land, showing the life-span of each type of vegetation, which gives rise to the succession plants.

UNWRAPPING THE TRIANGLE – task I – city as natural ecosystem – a personal perception; by Balsam Madi, Razan Shadfan

59 — Urban Ecology and Ecosystem Design I

EXPERIMENT – THE NATURAL RAINWATER FLOW – task II – the metapolism of the city; by Ahmed Abayazeed, Tayseer Khairy

60 — Landscape

DOWN TOWN CAIRO – task III – creating a green patches network in Cairo Downtown; by Ahmed Bakry, Yasemine Halawa

61 — Urban Ecology and Ecosystem Design I

DOWN TOWN CAIRO – task III – creating a green patches network in Cairo Downtown; by Ahmed Bakry, Yasemine Halawa

62 — Landscape

Speculation on Growth Elective, SS 2014 Dr. Ferdinand Ludwig, IGMA Dipl.-Ing. Daniel Schönle, external

Whether climate change, financial crisis or demographic change, the determining factors of our world are to be observed not as static but as dynamic processes. As planners, we are obliged to consider these unpredictable circumstances in our projects as much as possible – what is more, we have to design the transformation processes itself.

This is mainly necessary when the realization of a project is a very long process: in urban planning it often takes decades until a strategy is implemented; and in landscape planning we have to wait just as long, until a tree has grown to its full size.

In recent years, the Baubotanik research group has been dealing with such processes, both in terms of design concepts and theory.

During the seminar „Speculating on Growth“ we investigated different approaches to a planning culture that is focused on processes and we tried to understand how social changes, plant growth or the development of complex eco-systems can become a central topic in design by being synergetically combined. Based on this we developed methods and design tools that were exemplarily tested on small design tasks in the second part of the seminar. ●

63 — Speculation on Growth

The social housing area of Imbaba is a neighbourhood in northern Giza, Egypt, located west of the Nile and northwest of Gezira Island and downtown Cairo, within the Giza Governorate. The district is located in the historic upper Nile Delta, and is part of the Greater Cairo metropolitan area.

The government applied mass production strategies to provide housing for big parts of the society

Housing under mass construction

The government dealt with people’s needs for housing as the army treats the soldiers. They provide soldiers with one size boots. The soldiers‘ feet are supposed to adapt to these boots regardless of the feet’s size of each soldier.

Sattelite image of the housing area for the needs of society

The main form of the housing blocks 5000 dwellings built in the late 1950s

The inhabitants of the housing blocks tried to solve their problems on their own. As the number of family members increased, they started to extend the buildings illegally by adding new rooms made of concrete and bricks.

During his research, Farid discovered that there is an analogy between the growth of a tree and the growth of a family.

He comapared the timelines of both. The problem is that a tree doesn‘t grow in regular intervals.

Also the number of family members is affected by multible forces and causes.

So he tried to work with such complex dynamics to reach his goal.

The idea is to start with four trees at the corner of the room wanted to be built (taking the diameter of the trunk after a certain time) and wait for it to grow.

The growth of a tree compared to the growth of a family (accomapanied by a need for more space)

speculation on growth – Plant your extra room by Ahmed Hassan Abayazeed and Nada Jouni

64 — Landscape

There is an infinite number of possibilities for relations between families and trees, So Farid chose one building to apply his ideas. let’s see :)

Create new space for shops or workshops on the groundfloor

the building could be demolished but the tree structure could serve for different uses, e.g. for NGO activities

Growing families could extend their flats

the tree might not grow strong enough to support as a structure – the problem stays unsolevd

Some floors like the 1st or 2nd might not need additional space

The second floor might need some green terrace space

speculation on growth – Plant your extra room by Ahmed Hassan Abayazeed and Nada Jouni

Maybe none of the inhabitants is interested

All flats could take advantage of the growing trees

65 — Speculation on Growth

Farid chose randomly building number 17. He mapped all the social issues concerning the inhabitants. He used direct interviews with them and start working.

The regular timeline of a tree and the families are ordered in their flats acoording to the number of members.

We need 3 extra rooms ... I have 5 kids !!

We do not need to expand now ... we hope to extend in the future :)

We need an extra room for our baby after 7 years

We don’t need to expand now anymore

Farid used three main tools to adapt the growth of the tree to the growth of the families in different flats.

The main purpose of the round table is to open the discussion between the families of different flats in the same building. They need to cooperate and organize themselves to benefit from the growing trees.

The second tool is shifting flats. When in the discussions at the round table things get clear, that – for example – the family on the forth floor is growing and needs more room, the inhabitants could cooperate and organize themselves to benefit from the growing trees.

speculation on growth – Plant your extra room by Ahmed Hassan Abayazeed and Nada Jouni

The schedule is one of the most important tools.

The neighbours should take care for the tree and split the tasks beneth them (people at the ground flat are not supposed to do all the tasks) like watering the tree, adding fertilizers, etc. This schedule should be set up from the beginning on.

66 â&#x20AC;&#x201D; Landscape Cairoâ&#x20AC;&#x2DC;s Garbage Sorting Territory: Zabaleen Neighborhood

by Aly Elsayed, Razan Alshadfan and Bartholomew Stankiewicz

z

n/

http://www1.youm7.com/News.asp?NewsID=611528#.U78BCPmSzPQ

impressions from the streets of Zabaleen

Garbage Sorting Process In the Zabaleen district, the people make a living out of sorting garbage. The process of sorting garbage takes place inside, on top and in front of the residential households. People in the neighborhood also raise and sell animals for a living who, in turn, feed on the organic sorted http://inhabitat.com/ garbage. Raising pigeons and building tall pigeon towers on top of the main circulation core is considered part of recreation in the community.

Rasing pegions is a passion!

ty

http://amandamustardphoto.com/

http://inhabitat.com/

Storage of recycled garbage Organic garbage for animals

Selling the soted garbage back...

+

Animal food

Collecting garbage from city...

Sorting garbage

67 â&#x20AC;&#x201D; Speculation on Growth https://ellengeerlings.wordpress.com/category/zabaleen/

Plant the Seed?

Zabaleen district, is located in a heavily polluted, hot, dry area. Introducing plants inside the households was the suggestion due to the fact that the area is highly dense.

Planting will help in reducing the temperatures in the hot summers while providing shading, reducing carbon dioxide emissions and enhancing the aesthetics of the site.

Trees will provide the households also with food.

The main idea was to integrate the greenery in the household cycle while making use of the already existing pigeon towers and pigeons to become part of the reartholomew Stankiewicz cycling cycle and not only being a useless recreational http://flavorwire.com/53111/pic-of-the-day-egypts-garbage-city act. Therefore, growing grape trees in big pots inside the pigeon tower and letting it climb the tower and be part of the household in the future when the residents decide to expand vertically. In the case of vertical expansion, residents would continue their staircase inside the green pigeon tower. The animalsâ&#x20AC;&#x2DC; waste will be used as a fertilizer for the plants and the plants will, in return, give the residents shading, cooling, fresh air, fruits and leaves to use in cooking, which results in a closed metabolic cycle.

http://www1.youm7.com/News.asp?NewsID=611528#.U78BCPmSzPQ

http://amandamustardphoto.com/ view from a pigeon tower onto the roofs of Zabaleen

Rasing pegions is a passion!

Storage of recycled garbage Organic garbage for animals

A tree can be useful for both the building and neighborhood

Son, You should grow this tree...

+

Animal food

Father, I will try...

68 — Landscape 7000 Year Old Tradition “Raising pigeons has to be in a high tower with access to sunlight in order to avoid any diseases” An interview was held by the eNCA with a 65 year old man from Cairo, and another one by DNE with a man in his forties also from Cairo. Both of them are pigeon breeders and in those two interviews they described their love for this hobby and the reason behind it.

Peace That I’ve Found in Cairo“

“When I am very depressed I come up here, I keep busy with the pigeons, feeding them, lying them and even talking to them. This is how I forget my problems” “ I let the pigeons fly around sunset, after they have enough I lower my flag and they come back to the house”

fan & Bartholomew Stankiewicz

“It is a hobby and a very popular hobby in Egypt“ „The greatest pleasure is watching them fly” “It’s not about making money. These pigeons don‘t exist, they are a national treasure” impressions from the pigeons towers

Rasing pegions is a passion!

Storage of recycled garbage

Organic garbage for animals Collect food and dairy products from animals

+ http://amandamustardphoto.com/

I don't really understand...

Animal food

Watering plants through pipelines

What is good in it for us?

The tree is growing...

Sorting garbage

Use animal manure as fertilizer and watering using pipelines

69 â&#x20AC;&#x201D; Speculation on growth

Vitis vinifera is deciduous climber plant, it allows sun to enter the house in winter and provides shade in summer, and help in purifying the dusty air of Zabaleen district.

Bougainvilleas ar climates.It thrives drought tolerance

Table grapes typically require a hot, dry climate, i.e. warm days, cool nights and low humidity. These generally produce higher-quality grapes.

Bougainvilleas rew It spreads itself ve crown.

In the Middle East, the grape is eaten fresh, processed to make wine, or dried to produce raisins. In addition to that grape leaves are used in cooking and are eaten.

Speculating on Growth | Group: Treement | Aly Elsayed, Razan Alshadfan & Bartholomew Stankiewicz

What to grow?

Vitis vinifera is deciduous climber plant, it allows sun to enter the house in winter and provides shade in summer, What to Grow? and helps in purifying the dusty air of Zabaleen district.

Vitis vinifera is deciduous climber plant, it allows sun to enter the house Table grapes typically require a hot, dry climate, i.e. in winter and provides shade in summer, and help in purifying the dusty air of Zabaleen district. warm days, cool nights and low humidity. These generTable grapes typically require a hot, dry climate, i.e. warm days, cool nights and low humidity. These generally produce higher-quality grapes. ally produce higher-quality grapes.

In the Middle East, the grape is eaten fresh, processed to make wine, or dried to produce raisins. In addition to that grape leaves are used in cooking and areEast, eaten.

In the Middle the grape is eaten fresh, processed to make wine, or dried to produce raisins. In addition to that, grape leaves are used in cooking and are eaten.

Bougainvilleas pro air of Zabaleen dis

Speculating on Growth | Group: Treement | Aly Elsayed, Razan Alshadfan & Bartholomew Stankiewicz

Future Pigeon Tower Bougainvilleas are popular ornamental plants in most areas with warm climates.It thrives in full sun; it makes an excellent hot season plant, and its drought tolerance makes bougainvillea ideal for warm climates year-round Bougainvilleas rewards its owner with an abundance of color and vitality.

It spreads itself vertically on a wall, or climb up a trellis and form a luscious crown.

Bougainvilleas provides shade in summer, and help in purifying the dusty air of Zabaleen district. wallpaperscraft.com

Bougainvilleas are popular ornamental plants in most areas with warm climates. It thrives in full sun; it makes an excellent hot season plant, and its drought tolerance makes bougainvillea ideal for warm climates all year-round Bougainvilleas rewards its owner with an yed, Razan Alshadfan & Bartholomew Stankiewicz abundance of color and vitality. It spreads itself vertically on a wall, or climbs up a trellis and forms a luscious crown. Bougainvilleas provides shade in summer, and help in purifying the dusty air of Zabaleen district. â&#x2014;? wallpaperscraft.com

vitis vinifera and bougainvilleas growing over a tower

Rasing pegions is a passion!

http://ckenb.blogspot.de/2011/08/grape-trees.html

Storage of recycled garbage

http://ckenb.blogspot.de/2011/08/grape-trees.html

rawaninamman.blogspot.com

Organic garbage for animals Collect food and dairy products from animals

+

Use animal manure as fertilizer and watering using pipelines

Animal food Collecting grapes and grape leaves

I want to have my own tree...

Me too

We can provide new trees...

Sorting garbage

70 — Landscape

GeoDesign Elective, SS 2014 Prof. Antje Stokman, ILPÖ Dr. Hans-Georg Schwarz von Raumer, ILPÖ

Geodesign denotes a methodological field which brings together creativity and knowledge based constructiveness in a model and communication driven design process of meso-scaled planning tasks. Both technical and communicational challenges must be tackled and a lot of them still are unsolved: How to install a direct manmachine feedback loop? What are the restrictions for the designer’s degree of freedom in creativity, choice and finality? How to tackle uncertainty and ambiguity of model results? Which limits do exist with respect to tool interfaces and IT-skills expected? Do we need an optimized collaboration between designers/planners and IT-specialists/modellers?

For a start the seminar provides a visit in an interactive virtual environment at the High Performance Computing Center Stuttgart (HLRS) and a lecture which draws the basic lines and illustrates solutions of geodesign approaches. And to get a common background every student has to go through a GIS course.

In the second part of the seminar we worked on “Scenarios for eco-sensitive design in Stuttgart”. The workshop task was – by using GIS and models for iteration in the design process – to develop a vision and scenarios for

a case study area in the outer fringe of Stuttgart. Three groups worked on the vicinity of Birkach, Möhringen and Uhlbach. The groups had to respect three principles of urban development: (1) High preference for development inside built up area, no further extentions, (2) integration of urban area and open landscape and (3) low impact mobility, transportation and traffic.

On their way to design a vision the groups should follow the idea of minimizing ecological impacts and find a solution for optimal landscape integration (biotope networks, ventilation etc.).

Passing the course successfully the student will have got – a deeper understanding of geodesign approaches and the problems related to their implementation – k nowledge and skills with regard to the inclusion of adapted and ecological aspects in landscape development thinking – experiences and ideas concerning collaborative work practices and workflows as a core item in geodesign. ●

71 — geoDesign a Vision for Uhlbach – Village in the Vineyards

Historical analysis and challenges A dominating topography – Uhlbach is situated in a basin surrounded by steep slopes. Therefore, it is difficult to expand the village up the slopes. For tourists, it is hard to access the ridge and the attractions such as the Russan tomb. Moreover, the best viewpoints are not easily accessable.

by Teresa Fellinger, Lisa gänsbauer, Chang gao, Mohammed Fawzi ragheb and Charlotte Watermann Stuttgart‘s need for new housing „Stuttgart is a basin, the housing space in the centre – at the bottom of the basin – is limited. Even at the perephery of the city most of the areas are built-up; every year 1000 new housing units are built, even if more than the double of that amount is needed.“ (süddeutsche.de, 11.11.12) Building in the perepheries as a solution ?!

Uhlbach – Location and spatial analysis The village – Uhlbach is a district of Stuttgart in the neckarvalley, neighboring Obertürkheim. Currently 2911 (Feb.2014) people are living in the village. Most of the inhabitants of Uhlbach live in 3-story single family houses.

Vine – Orchards and vineyards surroung the village. Together with tourism they are the main income sources for Uhlbach. Many families in Uhlbach work on the vineDefining the landscape units yards. Approyimately 50% are privately owned and 50% belong to the community.

Hiking – The most famous hiking route leads from Defining the landscape units Obertrürkheim, Rotenberg, Uhlbach back to the S-Bahn Ridge Slope The route includes Valley station in Obertürkheim. many viewDefining the highlights. landscape units points and gastronomic

Long trandition of wine cultivation Wine making has been a traditon in Uhlbach since 1247.

Over the time this activity changed radically. Industrialisation and pollution growth reduced the production area. In the 1970 the split level vinyards were consolidated to make the cultivation more productive. This reduced the biodiversity of stone-related species. Today, the work for wine makers become more and more difficult. The cultivation of the vinyards is under threat due to the demographic change. a tourist destination since 1900 Tourism is the most important income source of Uhlbach. The „Besen-wirtschaften“ and the cooperative of vine dressers “Collegium Württemberg-Weingärtner Rotenberg & Uhlbach eG.“ are famous in the region.

Therefore the area has to stay attractive for tourists.

Further housing could destroy the beautiful landscape.

Moreover, several interesting areas are still hidden: e.g. the Uhlbach spring is covered.

Slope

Ridge

Ridge

Slope

Valley

Slope

Ridge

Ridge

Slope

Valley

Slope

Ridge

Section North-South

Section North-South

Suggesting the landscape elements Viewpoints

Vineyards

Car-free zone

Ring-route the landscape Uhlbach streams Suggesting elements

Viewpoints

VineyardsSection North-South

Ring-route

Uhlbach Streams

Viewpoints

Vineyards

Car-free zone

Viewpoints

Vineyards

Ring-route Viewpoints

Uhlbach streams Vineyards

Car-free zone

Ring-route Viewpoints

Uhlbach Streams Vineyards

Ring-route

Uhlbach streams

Ring-route

Uhlbach Streams

Suggesting the landscape elements

defi ned landscape units and suggested intervention elements IUSD.GeoDesign Seminar SS 2014

-

ILPÖ

Dr. Hans-Georg Schwarz-v. Raumer

Prof. Antje Stokman

-

T. Fellinger L. Gänsbauer C. Gao M. Ragheb C. Watermann

11

72 — Landscape

efining the landscape units reconciling Uhlbach’s urban developement – aims and principles defi ning the landscape units

1. Implement soft housing Increase housing without causing major urban sprawl and harsh biodiversity degradation or deteriorated living quality 2. Diversify tourist attractions Identify new tourist hotspots 3. Improve natural environment Balancing biodiversity and landscape quality

Defining the landscape units

Legend existing buildings

Legend

contour lines

existing buildings

contour line 310m

contour lines

contour linecontour 310m line 360m contour line 360munits landscape landscape units

± ± -

ILPÖ

-

ILPÖ

Dr. Hans-Georg Schwarz-v. Raumer

Dr. Hans-Georg Schwarz-v. Raumer Impact models

slope

slope

Geodesign cycle

IUSD.GeoDesign Seminar SS 2014

eoDesign Seminar SS 2014

ridge

ridge

0

Prof. Antje Stokman

-

Prof. Antje Stokman

Impact

0250

10

T. Fellinger L. Gänsbauer C. Gao M. Ragheb C. Watermann

T. Fellinger L. Gänsbauer Suitability analysis

Develo-

valley models ping a valley 500 250 500 1,000 Meters Collages 1,000 Metersvision

C. Gao M. Ragheb C. Watermann

Collages

Spatial analysis Cultural & touristic value

Spatial

analysis 10

Visit of Uhlbach

Iteration

Final conclusion

Legend existing buildings suitability more suitable suitable

±

less suitable 0

250

Developing principles

1,000 Meters

500

Spatial analysis

Developing a vision

Visit of Uhlbach Spatial analysis Cultural & touristic value

Workshop

© Gänsbauer

Iteration

Sketching

Final conclusion Legend

) ! \

start point viewpoints bus stops existing hiking route

! \

optimized ridge route

! \

car-free road aquatic resources

! \

! \

existing buildings streets

! \

paths

! \

landscape units

)

End of our project, but might be continued

ridge slope valley ecological value (EV) living in valley (-20.16) living in vineyard (-4.32)

± geodesign cycle

IUSD.GeoDesign Seminar SS 2014

-

ILPÖ

living on ridge (-10.08)

pixel area:0.09 ha total EV loss = - 34.56 total EV compensation = + 35.10

Dr. Hans-Georg Schwarz-v. Raumer

0

new vineyard (+18.00) opened up streams (+17.10) 250

500

1,000 Meters

Prof. Antje Stokman

-

T. Fellinger L. Gänsbauer C. Gao M. Ragheb C. Watermann

73 — geoDesign

housing

M 3: Improve natural environment

Landscape unit a: Transforming the car-free valley ease living environment through zone

Ridge

aim 1: Implement soft housing Housing in the Valley – By adding housing on suitable land, for example the open spaces or parking lots of Uhlbach, the loss of biodiversity is kept to a minimum. Further, the infrastructure for the new buildings is close and and can be connected to. © Watermann Before the intervention With the houses being built with a maximum of three stories, single family houses, the village will keep its the two parallel streets tingsoft housing Obertürkheim with identitiy. h is transformed into a Valley Ridge Slope Valley pro: the Ridgevil- Slope Valley Slope Ridge zone to preserve

Ridge

Ridge Valley

Slope

through car-free zone

ention

Ridge

Section North-South

Slope Slope Landscape element Element landscape

Slope

ral environment

aracter and improve li– new the housing opportunities ality. The old parking lots – protecting surrounding greenery ages are used to densify a or converted into cultural gar– keep and touristic value he road serves as cyclist d play street con: for children. idents can park their – loss ofcars biodiversity © krone-uhlbach efore the intervention Section of landscape unit ©take krone-uhlbach ertürkheim and the s.

Valley Valley

Slope

Slope

Ridge

Valley Valley

Area of landscape unit

Section of landscape unit

aim 3: Improve natural environment Increase living environment through car-free zone – One of the two parallel streets connecting Obertürkheim with Uhlbach is transformed into a car-free zone to preserve the village character and improve the living qualased traffic in the other © Watermann ity. The old parking lots and garages are used to densify ntervention t Landscape Element the area or are converted into gardens. The road serves cyclist path and play streetC.for children. The residents Design Seminar SS 2014 - ILPÖ Dr. Hans-Georg Schwarz-v. Raumer Prof. Antje Stokman T.as Fellinger L. Gänsbauer C. Gao M. Ragheb Watermann 18 can park their cars in Untertürkheim and take the next Transportation infrastructure bus.

Valley Ridge Slope Valley Slope infrastructure AIM 3: Improve natural environment pro: Valley Ridge Increase Slope living environment Valley through car-free Slope Ridge Valley impression model collage – implement soft housing Slope Valley – play street for kidszone Ridge – open-up sealed surface decreases run-off Georg Schwarz-v. Raumer Prof. Antje Stokman T. Fellinger L. Gänsbauer C. Gao M. Ragheb C. Watermann 16 Section North-South – increased living environment con: – increased traffic in the other street Before the intervention Landscape Element

street for kids n-up sealed surface decreases run-off eased living environment

© Watermann

One of the two parallel streets connecting Obertürkheim with Uhlbach is transformed into a car-free zone to preserve the village character and improve the living quality. The old parking lots and garages are used to densify the area or converted into gardens. The road serves as cyclist path and play street for children.

The residents can park their cars in Untertürkheim and take the Legend next bus.

Legend bus stops car-free road

bus stops

PRO ++ play street for kids car-free road ++ open-up sealed surface streets decreases run-off ++ increased living environment

±

paths buildings

paths

CON buildings - - increased traffic in the other street aquatic resources

- ILPÖ Dr. Hans-Georg Schwarz-v. Raumer transportation infrastructure

IUSD.GeoDesign Seminar SS 2014

Hans-Georg Schwarz-v. Raumer

streets

Prof. Antje Stokman

-

0

250

500

Prof. Antje Stokman

-

250

500

-

ILPÖ

Dr. Hans-Georg Schwarz-v. Raumer

19

1,000 Meters

impression model collage –19 Car-Free Zone Prof. Antje Stokman T. Fellinger L. Gänsbauer C. Gao M. Ragheb

T. Fellinger L. Gänsbauer C. Gao M. Ragheb C. Watermann

IUSD.GeoDesign Seminar SS 2014

T. Fellinger L. Gänsbauer C. Gao M. Ragheb C. Watermann

1,000 Meters

aquatic resources 0

C. Watermann

18

74 — Landscape

Diversify tourist attractions + improve natural environment

Landscape unit B: Transforming the slope hlbach stream

Slope

soft housing

aim 1: Implement soft housing Housing on the slope – By interpreting the landscape protection laws, additional housing can be placed in the vineyads. In order to keep the visual landscape, soft interventions are taken. The mix of old vineyard huts and modern architecture could create an interesting and at© Gao tractive scenary for intervention tourists. It could be suggested that Before the the inhabitats take care of the vineyard‘s maintainance. hlbach pro: impro– new housing opportunities incre– sensible intervention plants ent er will –soft keephousing touristic and cultural value Slope e Ridge Slope con: Ridge Slope Valley d habi– large effort compared to the small number of houses er days wn andbeing built

Ridge

Ridge

Slope

Vall Landscape element

Landscape element

housing Ridge

Slope

© fotocommunity

Before the intervention

Section of landscape unit

© fotocommunity

re the intervention

Area of landscape unit

Slope

Valley

Slope

Ridge

Valley

Slope Ridge

Slope

Slope

Ridge

Section North-South

S

Section North-South

Section of landscape unit

aim 2+3: Diversify tourist attractions & improve natural environment Open up the Uhlbach stream – Through opening up the Uhlbach spring the water source is improved and gh the biodiversity increased. Small animals and plants © fotocommunity growing in or next to water will settle in this new habintion Section of landscape unit Area of landscape unit tat. Furthermore, tourists and habitants can rest on hot summer days next to the spring, cool down and refresh themselves. pro: uitability of housing in the slope - ILPÖ Dr. Hans-Georg Prof.

Antje Stokman T. Fellinger L. Gänsbauer C. Gao M. Ragheb C. Watermann 26 impression model Schwarz-v. collage –Raumer implement soft housing Slope 22 – new touristic Ridge attraction Slope Valley Slope AIM 2 + 3: Diversify tourist attractions + improve natural environment ing in the slope – sensible intervention Open up the Uhlbach stream Slope Slope Ridge Slope Valley Slope Ridge – increase biodiversity Ridge Slope con: Section North-So – possible pollution through tourists

Dr. Hans-Georg Schwarz-v. Raumer

Prof. Antje Stokman

-

T. Fellinger L. Gänsbauer C. Gao M. Ragheb C. Watermann

© Gao

Before the intervention Through opening up the Uhlbach spring the water source is improved and the biodiversity increased. Small animals and plants growing in or next to water will settle in this new habitat.

Furthermore, tourists and habitants can rest on hot summer days next to the spring, cool down and refresh themselves.

PRO Legend ++ new touristic attraction ++ sensible intervention existing ++ increase biodiversity

existing buildings vineyard suitability

buildings

more suitable

vineyard

suitable less suitable

more suitable suitable

0

250

500

1,000 Meters

less suitable

- ILPÖ Dr. Hans-Georg Schwarz-v. Raumer suitability of housing in the slope

D.GeoDesign Seminar SS 2014

rg Schwarz-v. Raumer

Legend

CON - - possiblesuitability pollution through tourists

±

Landscape element

Prof. Antje Stokman

-

- 23T. Fellinger L. Gänsbauer Gao M. Ragheb C. Watermann impression model collage – open up C.the Uhlbach stream

Prof.

Stokman - Seminar T. Fellinger L. Gänsbauer C. Gao M. Ragheb C. Watermann Prof. Antje Stokman 0 Antje IUSD.GeoDesign 250 500 Meters SS 2014 1,000 - ILPÖ Dr. Hans-Georg Schwarz-v. Raumer

T. Fellinger L. Gänsbauer C. Gao M. Ragheb C. Watermann

23

26

75 — geoDesign

rsify tourist attractions

Landscape unit C: Transforming the ridge onnecting viewpoints

Ridge Ridg

aim 1: Increase housing Housing on the ridge – Living on the ridge with a wonderful view over Uhlbach is the third new housing opportunity. Up to 50 new houses could be built be the ridge, but the iteration process will show the limitation of housing for soft implementation. pro: © Lightsniper –Before new housing opportunities the intervention – sensible intervention are – keep touristic and cultural value ec– new visual landscape ck. ncrease housing con: nethe ridge Ridge Ridge – increased traffic in the vineyards ne will – high impact on visual landscape to Ridge Slope Valley en-

rvention

to h a wonderis the third nonity. Up to

Beforet the intervention

© Groan

© Groan

Section of landscape unit

! \

! \

! \

! \

! \ ! \

Ridge Slope

Sl

Landscape element Landscape Element

Ridge Ridge

Valley

Slope

Slope

Ridge

Ridge

Section of landscape un

Area of landscape unit

Section North-South

aim 2: Diversify tourist attractions be built be Allocating and connecting viewpoints – New viewpoints ration promitation of on the ridge are discovered, allocated and connected to mentation. the existing walking track. The new track will pass by rtunities on vinehuts, where fresh juice and wine from the local wine cultural pe dressers will be sold. It is further connected to the wine ! \ museum in Uhlbach centre. The increase of tourists the al coming to the village will improve its economy. ! pro: \ – increase of tourism Hiking routes 30 impression model collage – increase housing Ridge AIM 2: Diversify tourist attractions – economic benefi t Ridge Slope Valley Allocating and connecting viewpoints – family-friendly ! \ new views over valley ILPÖ Dr. Hans-Georg Schwarz-v. Raumer Prof. Antje Stokman T. Fellinger L.– Gänsbauer C. Gao M.the Ragheb C. Watermann 32 Ridge Ridge Valley Slope R con:Slope start point – noise and pollution by tourists ! \ – conflict between hikers and bikers ! \ ! viewpoints \ Before the intervention Landscap ! \ ! \ ●

2014

-

ILPÖ

Dr. Hans-Georg Schwarz-v. Raumer

Prof. Antje Stokman

-

T. Fellinger L. Gänsbauer C. Gao M. Ragheb C. Watermann

Legend

)

)

© Lightsniper

! \

! \

! \

! \

) ! \

! \

New viewpoints on the ridge are discovered, allocated and connec! \ ted to the existing walking track.

The new track will pass by vinehuts, where fresh juice and wine from the local wine dressers will be sold. It further is connected to Legend the wine museum in Uhlbach centre. start point The increase of tourists coming to the village \ will improve its econoviewpoints ! my.

)

start point

! \

viewpoints

buildings

Dr. Hans-Georg Schwarz-v. Raumer

vineyard paths

CON - - noise and pollution paths by tourists - T. Fellinger L. Gänsbauer C. Gao streets - - conflict between hikers and bikers 0 250 500 1,000 Meters

Prof. Antje Stokman

-

T. Fellinger L. Gänsbauer C. Gao M. Ragheb C. Watermann

-

ILPÖ

vineyard

streets 0

Prof. Antje Stokman

IUSD.GeoDesign Seminar SS 2014

aquatic resources

aquatic resources

250

1,000 Meters

500

vineyard

- ILPÖ Dr. Hans-Georg Schwarz-v. Raumer hiking routespoints

buildings

ridge route

existing hiking route PRO ++ increase of tourists ridge route ++ economic benefit buildings ++ family-friendly ++ new views over the valley aquatic resources

IUSD.GeoDesign Seminar SS 2014

ridge route

existing hiking route

bus stops

±

existing hiking route

bus stops

)

)

bus stops

Legend

streets

Dr. Hans-Georg Schwarz-v. Raumer

33

paths

33 – allocating and connecting impression model collage viewpoints

M. Ragheb C. Watermann

0

Prof. Antje Stokman

250

-

500

T. Fellinger L. Gänsbauer C. Gao M. Ragheb C. Watermann

1,000 Meters

04 â&#x20AC;&#x201D; Integrated Research & Design

78 â&#x20AC;&#x201D; Integrated Research & Design

79 —

Integrated Research and Design Module I WS 2013/14 Prof. Antje Stokman, ILPÖ Dipl.-Ing. Moritz Bellers, ILPÖ Vertr. Prof. Dr. Nina Gribat, SI M. Arch. Marisol Rivas Velázquez, SI Dipl.-Ing. Daniel Schönle, external

The term “MetroZones” or “In-Between” refers to areas within cities that are not deliberately planned, but that emerged because of different urban processes that generated them. A special type of these spaces are infrastructural spaces, created by the networks of mobility, energy, water and waste, that are usually not part of our mental map of cities but at the same time the major precondition of a city’s metabolism. Infrastructural spaces can be seen as the Urban Underbelly of the city – the part that is rarely in the spotlight, but that keeps the city going. Infrastructure projects, usually designed by infrastructure engineers based on purely functional considerations, significantly shape the urban fabric. Often, the resulting urban spaces are perceived as voids or barriers, inhospitable, noisy and dirty. Usually, architects do not deal with these areas within their professional context. At the same time, for some people, these forgotten areas provide numerous opportunities for all kinds of informal or formal occupancies and utilisation purposes.

In certain circumstances, these Metrozones, in-between spaces or Urban Underbellies become sites for major urban transformations. For instance, when infrastruc-

tures or industries are transformed and reshaped and areas that were previously heavily used become the waiting lands of tomorrow’s urban expansions. Recently the topic of Infrastructural Urbanism or Infrastructural Landscapes has found its way into the actual debate of architects, urban planners and landscape architects as an opportunity to engage with interdisciplinary concepts of high-performance landscapes and embedding infrastructure systems with their surroundings. Therefore, Metrozones can be envisioned as urban spaces of opportunity where hybrid, overlapping, multi- facetted functions can come together and create new typologies of coexistence between the forces shaping the city and community development. ●

80 — Integrated Research & Design The unknown story of...The bunkers

by Aly Elsayed, Maram Sha’ban, Gregor Schopf, Friederike Thonke Rewinding During the first, the second and cold war, the German government decided to take action to implement the civil air defenses in most cities of Germany. After the war, living in bunkers was a common means to remedy the acute shortage of accommodation. The Allies had decided that all protective structures must either be demolished or turned to non-military structures. Due to the large degree of destruction of the cities at that time, demolishing bunkers was not feasible. Therefore, some of them were used as dormitories for different group of people on one side, and as storage spaces on the other, before they were developed for other functions or even abandoned.

process with the community, existing owners/ renters and potential users. The aim of this ‘bunkerish network’ is to revive these bunkers and adapt them to public spatial and cultural needs. It seeks to develop a narrative of an experimental bunker network where people can perceive these spaces linked to the city around and vice versa with a different angle. The approach is to preserve the special values of these spaces, introducing meeting and income generation opportunities for the surrounding neighborhoods including the marginalized group based on participatory approach for establishing the feeling of “local ownership”.

Bunkers in Stuttgart are seen or rather not seen as unwanted and unusable structures. Not being seen for their potential, bunkers are spread evenly throughout the city in all different areas. Formerly used to shelter large groups of people from air raids, they could be now reused to gather people again – unfolding the bunker. The

Reading the territory Having tens of them embedded within the urban fabric of many German cities, bunkers in Stuttgart are physically present but in most cases, they are not offered for public usage. They are expensive to be deconstructed and simultaneously, stigmatized as a body that should not be integrated again within the city due to lack of interest, poor physical condition, and historical perception. The diverse society found in Bad Cannstatt-Stuttgart and the high number of abandoned bunkers in the area was inspiring to initiate a complete urban diagnosis inside a bunker

5

envisioning bunkers look envisioning bunkersinitial initial look

81 — Integrated Research and Design Module I

CTIVATING ENT ERS TIVATING NT & POTENTIAL USERS TORS

CITY CITY

PLANS PLANS PLANS

NEWSPAPER NEWSPAPER

ACTORS

surrounding

ACTORS CHILDREN CHILDREN

WASSEN WASSEN TIME TIME WASSEN TIME CULTURAL MARGINALIZATION CULTURAL MARGINALIZATION CULTURAL MARGINALIZATION SOCIAL DISPARITIES GROUPS

surrounding surrounding ACTORS

CHILDREN

LACK OFSPACES SLEEPING SPACES LACK OF SLEEPING

LACK OF SLEEPING SPACES MATCH ARE DIFFICULT TO REACH” WEEKLY FOOTBALL “PARENTS ARE DIFFICULT“PARENTS TO REACH” WEEKLY FOOTBALL MATCH SOCIAL DISPARITIES “PARENTS CONFLICTS ARE DIFFICULT TO REACH” WEEKLY FOOTBALL“2000 MATCH SOCIAL DISPARITIES ALL AT ONCE” “2000 PEOPLE ALLPEOPLE AT ONCE” CONFLICTS HOMELESS HOMELESS “2000 PEOPLE ALL AT ONCE” CONFLICTS HOMELESS “WE NEED A SPACE TO SLEEP - **** THE

POTENTIAL

“WE NEED A SPACE TOPOLICE! SLEEP -- WOW **** THE WOW WOW! NO ONE “WE NEED A SPACE TO SLEEP - WOULD **** THESPEND MONEY ON US WE ARE POLICE! - WOW WOW WOW! NO ONE POLICE! WOULD - WOW WOW NOON ONE THE “DIRTY ASIS”ARE SPENDWOW! MONEY US WE WOULDTHE SPEND MONEY “DIRTY ASIS”ON US WE ARE THE “DIRTY ASIS”

HE RT” ”

NTIAL TIAL

NEWSPAPER

CURRENT

CURRENT CURRENT

USERS

NEEDS ASSESSMENT

USERS

INTERESTED ORG

stakeholders stakeholders

UNTERTAGE

NEEDS ASSESSMENT NEEDS ASSESSMENT

NTIAL TIAL THE

CITY

FORSCHUNGSGRUPPE UNTERTAGE FORSCHUNGSGRUPPE FORSCHUNGSGRUPPE UNTERTAGE

SCHUTZBAUTEN

CURRENT

TARGETED

NEEDS NEEDS ASSESSMENT ASSESSMENT

RS

SCHUTZBAUTEN SCHUTZBAUTEN

stakeholders

CONTEXT

ENT NT RS

CURRENT INTERESTED ORG

GROUPS

ders

OWNERS

CONTEXT TARGETED CONTEXT GROUPS TARGETED

ENT NT lders ORG

ED ORG

CURRENT CURRENT ACTIVATING CURRENT OWNERS ACTORS &CURRENT POTENTIAL CURRENT stakeholder CURRENT

Chapter iii INSIGHT Developing bunkers-network INSIGHT INSIGHT

ERS ORS & POTENTIALCURRENT USERS

surroun

ACTO

POTENTIAL

“WE NEED SPACES WITH THE

POTENTIA “WE NEED LACK SPACES WITH INTHE OF SPACES STUTTGART” POTENTIAL “WE NEED SPACES WITH THE LACK OF SPACES IN STUTTGART” LACK OF SPACES IN STUTTGART”

” WE GO TO BADCANNSTATTER EVERYDAY - WE

SOCIAL COFFEE (DAILY OPEN ASSEMBLY) BETWEEN STREET WORKERS, ALCOHOLIC, INTERESTED SIDES. SOCIAL COFFEE OPEN AND ASSEMBLY) SOCIAL COFFEE (DAILY(DAILY OPEN ASSEMBLY)

POTENTIAL

BETWEEN WORKERS, ALCOHOLIC, BETWEEN STREETSTREET WORKERS, ALCOHOLIC, OPEN PLATFORM FOR BRINGING AND INTERESTED AND BACKINTERESTED SIDES. SIDES. PEOPLE WITH DIFFERENT GROUNDS TOGETHER. BUERGERINITIATIVE

OPEN PLATFORM BRINGING OPEN PLATFORM FORFOR BRINGING PEOPLE WITH DIFFERENT BACKPEOPLE WITH DIFFERENT BACKBUERGERBUERGERGROUNDS TOGETHER. GROUNDS TOGETHER. INITIATIVE INITIATIVE

Cannsttater Bahnhof Bunker

” WE GO TO BADCANNARE USED TO PROBLEMS ” WE GO TO BADCANNEVERYDAY - WE STATTER STATTER EVERYDAY - WE THERE” ARETOUSED TO PROBLEMS ARE USED PROBLEMS THERE” THERE” TWICE A YEAR ROUND TABLE THAT GATHERS POLICE, AREA COUNCIL, SOCIAL SERVICE, RESIDENTS, SHOPS, ALCOHOLIC FOR CONFLICTS

POTENTIAL

KULTUR-

TWICE YEAR ROUND TABLE THAT GATHERS TWICE A YEAR A ROUND TABLE THAT GATHERS MANAGEMENT WITH IMPROVEMENTS. BEZIKSBEIRAT DIALOGE AREA COUNCIL, SOCIAL SERVICE, RESPOLICE,POLICE, AREA COUNCIL, SOCIAL SERVICE, RESSHOPS, ALCOHOLIC FOR CONFLICTS IDENTS,IDENTS, SHOPS, ALCOHOLIC FOR CONFLICTS KULTURKULTURMANAGEMENT WITH IMPROVEMENTS. MANAGEMENT WITH IMPROVEMENTS.BEZIKSBEIRAT BEZIKSBEIRAT DIALOGE DIALOGE

OPEN PL PEOPLE W

POTENTIA POTENTIAL

activating actors & potential users

Rosenstein Bunker

Raitelsberg Bunker

SickBunker

abandoned spaces could be awakened, and filled with ties are integrated and invited to implement their ideas 30 multiple functions. These functions are seen to comple- and benefit from the offered and reworked space. A netment each other. Once you visit one, you are encouraged work of bunkers is to be developed incrementally over EXPERIMENTAL SPACES 31 to see, what the next one offers. Surrounding communi- the whole city.

bunker network – experimental spaces

INTERACTIVE APPROACH

82 — Integrated Research & Design

The urban network of bunkers is visible around the The urban network of bunkers is visible around the whole whole city. The outer and inner shells will offer opportucity. The outer and inner shells will offer opportunities for nities for interaction. These elements will be developed interaction. These elements will be developed on a particionpatory a participatory One proposal is shown is here as here. basis. As basis. initial example, one proposal shown anIncrementally initial example.

Incrementally a community kitchen a community kitchen [1]; a ramp with view[1];point a ramp a tunnel to [2]with andviewpoint a tunnel [2] to and experience theexperience specific atmosthe specific of a bunker which the steps through phere of atmosphere a bunker - stepping through cutted walls and floors [3] could be implemented.

The revolving ramp the cut walls and floors [3] could be implemented.

Thearound Rosenstein`s outer shell is meant outer to lead people from nearrevolving ramp around Rosenstein`s shell is meant by surroundings.

Interacting with the visual signage to lead people from nearby surroundings. Interactingsystem, people will end up connecting with the outer andconinner shell with the visual signage system, people will end up of the bunker. necting with the outer and inner shell of the bunker.

0 Com

m

un CH ity EN

KIT

visualisation – interactive approach

HORIC83

NETWORK-LOGO

A logo was designed to symbolize the bunkers-network. Following the its philosophy, the logo consists of typographic elements showing the word bunker and a geometric form — with six corners. Theand form uses strong dots which are conIntegrated Research Design Module I nected by equally colored lines. The form surrounds a cenA logo was designed to symbolize the bunkers-network.

Foltralized dot and creates six chamber that host the letters. lowing clear, the its philosophy, logo consists of typographic Being, functional andthe with strong geometry the font nkers-network. Folelements showing the to word bunker geometric formThe square became the main form within the bunker netGill Sans was choosen be the logoand font.a The appearance sts of typographic Toolbox – interactive parasitic structure work signage system. It appears either as a two dimensional with corners.

Thefunctional form usesand strong dots which are conof thesixlogo is very systematic.

It could beshape or as a three dimensional element in order to create a geometric form nected by with equally lines.

Theofform surrounds combined an colored endless number equal forms in aa censys-a homogeneous ots which are con- The toolbox introduces an approach of dealing with the visual language that is preceived by the user. tralized and creates chamber that host the bunkerletters.A consequent system that uses an equal form-style is the bam surrounds a centem.

So, dot it represents thesix logic and clearnes of the the network`s visualisation. The square represents the at host the letters. outer shell plans, Being, clear, functional and withwith strong geometry theshell. fontsis ofThe of the bunkers inner which were 100 along % functional andthe calculated in order geometry the font bunker`s athmosphere adequately. Due to its well calculated Gillallow Sans the wasbest choosen be the situations. logo font. The Thelogo appearance to use intochaotic is usedproportions it has a functional appearance as the bunker as nt. The appearance aim is to convey an interactive level on an urban scale. of the logo is very functional and systematic.

It could be in full black on light ground. In case of dark ground its usedan intity. Apart from that, it gives a feeling that can only be matic. It could be combined with an on endless of equal forms in a sysual forms in a sysin negative -stigmatized white dark, number surrounded by a square, which iscalled bunkerish!

Since bunkers are approach tem.

So, it represents the visual logicstructures, and clearnes of this the bunkernes of the bunkeran important form of the system. calculated in order plans, whichstep were to 100draw % functional and calculated in order will be the initial attention to the network s. The logo is used to allow the best use in chaotic situations. The logo is used rk ground its used full black on ground. In case of dark ground its used and call forinpeople to light connect with the bunkers. y a square, which is in negative - white on dark, surrounded by a square, which is an important form of the visual system.

The square b work signage shape or as a a homogeneo A consequen Theofsquare b sis the netw work signage bunker`s athm shape or as a proportions a homogeneo an intity. Apa A consequen called bunker sis of the netw bunker`s athm proportions an intity. Apa called bunker

Visualization in development The network reflects a visual structure that allows people to follow the roads to the bunkers and interact with the urban surrounding. An important tool of this sign system is a bunker element that offers a view on a certain spots that belong to the network.

Bunker Rethoric Network-Logo A logo was designed to symbolize the bunkers-network.

Following the its philosophy, the logo consists of typographic elements showing the word bunker and a geometric form with six corners. The form uses strong dots which are connected by equally colored lines.

The form surrounds a centralized dot and creates six chamber48that host the letters. Being clear, functional and with strong geometry, the font Gill Sans was choosen. The appearance of the logo is very functional 48 and systematic. It could be combined with an endless number of equal forms in a system. So, it represents the logic and clearness of the bunker plans, which were 100% functional and calculated in order to allow the best use in chaotic situations. The logo is used in full black on TOOLBOX INTERACTIVE PARASITIC STRUCTURE light ground. In case of dark ground its used in negative – white on dark, surrounded by a square, which is an important form of the visual system.

The square became the main form within the bunker network signage system. It appears either as a two dimensional shape or as a Coloured three dimensional element Staircase Balkony Cut wall in order to create a homogeneous visual language that is perceived by the user. A consequent system that uses an equal form-style is the basis of the network`s visualization. The square represents the bunker`s athmosphere adequately. Due to its well calculated Ramp Climbing Backpack wall Playground proportions it has a functional appearance as the bunker as an entity. Apart from gives a feeling The toolboxthat, introducesit an approach of dealing with the ou- that can ter shell with the inner shell of the bunkers along. The aim is to convey an interactive level on an urban scale. Since only be called bunkerish! ● bunkers are stigmatized structures, this approach will be the

TOOLBOX

INTERACTIVE PARASITIC STRUCTURE bunker network-logo

Staircase

Balkony

Ramp

Climbing wall

VISUALISATION IN DEVELOPEMENT Wrapped

Viewpoint

Playground

Viewpoint

The network reflects a visual structure that allows people urban surrounding. An important tool of this sign system is a bunker element that offers a view on a certain spots that belong to the network.

46

visualisation in developement

Cut

Backpack

The toolbox introduces an approach of dealing with the outer shell with the inner shell of the bunkers along. The aim is to convey an interactive level on an urban scale. Since bunkers are stigmatized structures, this approach will be the initial step to draw attention to the network and call for people to connect with the bunkers.

to follow the roads to the bunkers andparasitic interact with thestructure toolbox – interactive

initial step to draw attention to the network and call for people to connect with the bunkers.

Wrapped

Coloured wall

49

84 â&#x20AC;&#x201D; Integrated research & Design

er ion ngelat o tr R

p RSershi

SEOwn

n lup oo C

ll Ba

No Need

Connection to Neckar

Park

Entertainment Park

Future

Preliminary Design

Place Identification

ng idpi r se lu ur C Ho

p ng lu wi C o R

METHODS Questioner

Do you know this site, or the history of it ...?

Hay children, can we ask you a question ?? :)

Garden

Story Board

Analysis

& NEEDS Questioner Target group

U

S ENon OKlati BR Re

Land Story

2.2 Activating Questioner

what is your Dreams & unfulfilled needs ??

Structured / Unstructured interview

NO Need... Car Fair Peer Garden Celepration & Parties Gallaries & Exhibition Beach volley ball Outdoor Swimming pool

NO IDEA...

No body knows the island

Users Partners

Knowing Interist The main method which was used to pick up the data was by a questioner with the main actors and with the pedestrian Passing by, mainly from the nearby neibourhood at bad constatt. The needs of the people were obtained.

IUSD

12/20

13/20

IUSD

Land Story

2.3 stakeholder analysis Balloon club

camping

Analysis

Riding club

Story Board

Rowing club

cannstatter wasen

Preliminary Design

Mercedes

Pedestrians bassing by

Usage IUSD

Property

Members & Users 14/20

Power Vs. Intrest 15/20

Methodology

test race island â&#x20AC;&#x201C; hidden treasure by ahmed Bakry, Mariame Chahbi, Maroua ennouri, Nada Jouni

Visitor Profile

Activity Profile IUSD

85 — Integrated research and Design Module I

3. story Board

Land Story

3.1 Frame Work

EVENTS

AS

C SO

IAT

ION

ST AK

EH O

S ER LD M

N

EE

CALL

F OR

AS S

Analysis

OC IA TI

NG TI

O

CO

Story Board

PLA NNING

T N

Preliminary Design

IN U O U

S

EV EN T

S

Foundations Hereby the process of our framework went through phases; Phase 1, 2 and 3. All the phases went through out different times by which we have different implementations that lead to different achievements and supported with various financial modes depending on the stakeholders as well as the actors.

18/20

IUSD

3.2 Intervision Phases

1

PH A

SE 3

PHASE

PH

AS E

2

19/20 test race island – hidden treasure by ahmed Bakry, Mariame Chahbi, Maroua ennouri, Nada Jouni

IUSD

86 — Integrated research & Design

Integrated research and Design Module II SS 2014 Prof. Antje Stokman, ILPÖ Vertr. Prof. Dr. Nina Gribat, SI Dipl.-Ing. Moritz Bellers, ILPÖ Dipl.-Ing. Luigi Pantisano, SI M. Arch. Marisol Rivas Velázquez, SI

From the winter semester’s focus on the spatial potentials of ‘in-between spaces’, we will now shift our attention towards the relationship City – Migration. According to 2012’s Micro-Census, 16 million citizens with a migration background live in Germany. This corresponds to a 19,5% of the total population; in cities and urban areas the proportion duplicates. The conflicts arising from such transformation are surfacing in various debates across many German cities: from citizens initiatives protesting against the construction of a Moshe in Cologne to the gentrification of neighborhoods formerly dominated by one ethnicity group in Berlin.

Stuttgart, with 38,6%, has the highest percentage for a city in Germany. Although the debate on migration is moderate; the discussion tends to emphasize the negative aspects of the so-called ‘ghettos in the city’. Not presented in the debate are the potentials and opportunities of a multicultural society. ●

87 — Integrated research and Design Module II

mir El sayed - Dima Dayoub - Stefanie Anna Maria W)

on with the social and physical

rk 8

Integrated Research and Design / Group: WERK 8 (Aly Samir El sayed - Dima Dayoub - Stefanie Anna Maria W)

Strategy

using Dialogical art to interact with the local Opening up the envelope of Werk 8 inside out community where they come together to express concerns or issues through artistic processes.

SaC werk 8 – Spatial art Conversation by aly Samir elsayed, Dima Dayoub, Stefanie Wladika

the local Opening up the envelope of Werk 8 inside out express

sses.

Vision: Highlight the importance of „Migrant Workers“ in a contemporary society Max Frisch: “They called for workers, and people came” John Berger: “The immigrant is NOT on the margin of modern experience, he is absolutely central to it” Investigating on how WERK 8 can be a place that opens up the experience of migration for the German society to know and experience more about it.

Strategy: – Start a conversation with the social and physical surrounding of Werk 8 – Using Dialogical art to interact with the local community so they come together to express concerns or issues through artistic processes.

– Opening up the envelope of Werk 8 inside out

Timeline

tory

obal

heir

orm

tity

Social Lounge

Further Collaboration

Extended path

Fragmented Assembly

Workshops Potential cracks

Souvenir shop

Photo Booth

Social

Inner Circulation

Remove Obstacles

Physical

tefanie Anna Maria W)

OUT,

Temporary uses

Timeline

Street gallery

88 — Integrated research & Design

Active Perimeter

Weaving a linkage

Spaces hierarchy

Public spaces

In-between spaces

Private spaces

Integrated Research and Design / Group: WERK 8 (Aly Samir El sayed - Dima Dayoub - Stefanie Anna Maria W)

Integrated Research and Design / Group: WERK 8 (Aly Samir El sayed - Dima Dayoub - Stefanie Anna Maria W)

Social Dimension

Social Dimension

Participatory art project

Photo-Booth

Tools Tools – Social Dimension Tools

Integrated Research and Design / Group: WERK 8 (Aly Samir El sayed - Dima Dayoub - Stefanie Anna Maria W)

Social Dimension

Photo-Booth Street Gallery

Tools

Continued Gallery

Continued Gallery Participation in INSIDE OUT,

Installing

an

Mauserstreet

international

Installing

a

participatory

Photo

booth

art project that forms a global

Mauserstreet

enabling

in

the

platform for people to share their

a

Photo

booth

enabling

in the

public to participate instantly and for free! Participants enter

public participate instantly untoldto stories and transform

the Photo booth, make a strong

and for free!

Participants enter messages of personal identity

face, and the camera snaps their

intoPhoto worksbooth, of public art.a strong the make

portrait.

face, and the camera snaps their portrait.

Participatory art project – Street gallery Participation in inside out, an international participatory art project that forms a global platform for people to share their untold stories and transform messages of personal identity into works of public art.

Photo-Booth – Continued gallery Installing a Photo booth in Mauserstreet enabling the public to participate instantly and for free! Participants enter the Photo booth, make a strong face, and the camera snaps their portrait.

89 — Integrated research and Design Tools Module II

ayed - Dima Dayoub - Stefanie Anna Maria W)

Integrated Research and Design / Group: WERK 8 (Aly Samir El sayed - Dima Dayoub - Stefanie Anna Maria W)

Tools

Integrated Research and Design / Group: WERK 8 (Aly Samir El sayed - Dima Dayoub - Stefanie Anna Maria W)

Social Dimension

Social Dimension

Integrated Research and Design / Group: WERK 8 (Aly Samir El sayed - Dima Dayoub - Stefanie Anna Maria W)

Tools

Social Dimension

Creative Industry Workshops

Creative Industry

Elderly - Artists Souvenir Shop

Souvenir Shop

workshops

Setting up a souvenir shop that

of artists meeting with the old

sells products designed by

Organizing

regular

workshops

Setting up a souvenir shop that

ith the old

sells products designed generation of guest workers by

t

workers

artists made of items of the background to initiate creative

history of the place, items and

e creative

ideas and as partand history ofwork the together place, items

tools that workers used during

ther as part

of the participatory art project tools that workers used that during

their labor and life to retell the

project that

their labor and life to retell the

d economic

history and make the artists

artists made of items of the

contributes to a valued economic

history and make the artists

success.

part of the story.

part of the story.

Workshops – elderly – artists Organizing regular workshops of artists meeting with the older generation of guest workers with a background to initiate creative ideas in order to work together as part of the participatory art project that contributes to a valTools ued economic success.

Creative Industry – Souvenir Shop Setting up a souvenir shop that sells products designed by the artists including items from the history of the place, items and tools that workers used during their labor and life to retell the history and make the artists part of the story.

Integrated Research and Design / Group: WERK 8 (Aly Samir El sayed - Dima Dayoub - Stefanie Anna Maria W)

ed - Dima Dayoub - Stefanie Anna Maria W)

Integrated Research and Design / Group: WERK 8 (Aly Samir El sayed - Dima Dayoub - Stefanie Anna Maria W)

Tools Social Dimension

Further Collaborations Social Lounge

meet and

w cultural

to a dynamic - Reviving Trans areas Europe Halles,

Further Collaborations

-

Trans

Europe

Halles,

space where people meet and

European network for independent

interact generating new cultural

cultural centers in former industrial

social impulse.

structures.

European network for independent cultural centers in former industrial structures.

„Relaxation Lounge“

- „Social INSIDEOUT, Lounge“

International

participatory art project. „Street Lounge“ -

Tools

Social Dimension

Social Dimension

dynamic

Integrated Research and Design / Group: WERK 8 (Aly Samir El sayed - Dima Dayoub - Stefanie Anna Maria W)

MeLa, European museums in

-

INSIDEOUT,

International

participatory art project.

-

MeLa, European museums in

an age of migrations.

an age of migrations.

Social Lounge Reviving areas to a dynamic space where people meet and interact generating new cultural social impulse.

“Relaxation Lounge” • “Social Lounge” • “Street Lounge”

Further Collaborations – Trans Europe Halles, European network for independent cultural centers in former industrial structures.

– insideout, International participatory art project.

– MeLa, European museums in an age of migrations.

90 â&#x20AC;&#x201D; Integrated research & Design Tools â&#x20AC;&#x201C; Physical Dimension Public Spaces Tools Reconfigure the actual active perimeter:

Stefanie Anna Maria W)

Integrated Research and Design / Group: WERK 8 (Aly Samir El sayed - Dima Dayoub - Stefanie Anna Maria W)

Physical Dimension

Public Spaces

ctive

Reconfigure the actual active perimeter

tract

- Spotting potential cracks in the

s by

fortress.

ublic

Integrated Research and Design / Group: WERK 8 (Aly Samir El sayed - Dima Dayoub - Stefanie Anna Maria W)

Tools

Integrated Research and Design / Group: WERK 8 (Aly Samir El sayed - Dima Dayoub - Stefanie Anna Maria W)

Physical Dimension

Physical Dimension

Public Spaces

Initiate temporary uses to attract attention to intended Reconfigure the actual active spaces by incorporating new forms of public urban feaperimeter tures.

Tools

Public Spaces

Spotting potential cracks in the fortress.

Reconfigure the actual active perimeter

- Initiate temporary uses to attract

In-Between Spaces attention Tools to intended spaces by Weaving a linkage outwards in:incorporating new forms of public

Stefanie Anna Maria W)

ards

- Spotting potential cracks in the

Integrated Research and Design / Group: WERK 8 (Aly Samir El sayed - Dima Dayoub - Stefanie Anna Maria W)

fortress.

Physical Dimension

urban features.

In-Between Spaces Weaving a linkage outwards City Lounge - St. Gallen Pipilotti Rist

in

cking

- Continuing the creative path as

ional

well as the gallery inside werk 8 to link all the entrances.

Integrated Research and Design / Group: WERK 8 (Aly Samir El sayed - Dima Dayoub - Stefanie Anna Maria W)

Tools

Integrated Research and Design / Group: WERK 8 (Aly Samir El sayed - Dima Dayoub - Stefanie Anna Maria W)

Physical Dimension

Physical Dimension

In-Between Spaces

Getting rid of structures blocking the fluidity, creating Weaving a linkage outwards additional public open spaces. in

Tools

In-Between Spaces

Continuing the creative path as well as the gallery inside Weaving a linkage outwards werk 8 to link all the entrances.in

- Getting rid of structures blocking

- Continuing the creative path as

the fluidity, creating additional

well as the gallery inside werk 8 to

91 — Integrated research and Design Module II

Private Spaces Tools Creating new types/hierarchy Hierarchy of spacesof spaces by changing the meaning of areas at Werk 8.

Integrated Research and Design / Group: WERK 8 (Aly Samir El sayed - Dima Dayoub - Stefanie Anna Maria W)

ayed - Dima Dayoub - Stefanie Anna Maria W)

Physical Dimension

Private Spaces Hierarchy of spaces

s

Inner Circulation

mbly

ring

- Degree and control of

Integrated Research Integrated and Design Research / Group: and Design WERK 8 / Group: (Aly Samir WERK El sayed 8 (Aly- Samir Dima Dayoub El sayed- -Stefanie Dima Dayoub Anna Maria - Stefanie W) Anna Maria W)

Tools Toolsaccessibility

Physical Physical Dimension Dimensionsystem - Orientation - Creating an overall interlinking

ns of spaces

Day weekday Day weekday

Night weekday Night weekday

Semi openSemi space open space Fortification Fortification flexible network of circulationCreating by new Tools types/hierarchy of spaces by changing the meaning of areas at Werk 8.

Tools

t functions

ctures.

Integrated Research and Design / Group: WERK 8 (Aly Samir El sayed - Dima Dayoub - Stefanie Anna Maria W)

Integrated Research and Design / Group: WERK 8 (Aly Samir El sayed - Dima Dayoub - Stefanie Anna Maria W)

developing an inner urbanism.

Physical Dimension

Physical Dimension

TimeTime swinging swinging Private Spaces

Fragmented Assembly Hierarchy of spaces – Activate widely differing simultaneous and overlapping uses.

Adaptable Adaptable flexible Fragmented Assembly – Various combinations of spaces byflexible assigning different Activate widely differing functions to existing urban structures. transformation transformation process process of daily of daily Day weekday Day weekday Night weekday Night weekday

d - Stefanie - Dima Dayoub Anna Maria - Stefanie W) Anna Maria W)

Semi openSemi space open space

Day weekday

uses. uses.

simultaneous and

Fortification Fortification

overlapping uses.

Night weekday

Private Spaces

Inner Circulation Semi Public Semi Accessable Public Accessable Only controlled controlled access access Hierarchy ofOnly spaces from 09:00 from -and 20:00 09:00 - 20:00 – Degree control of accessibility – Orientation system – Creating an overall interlinking flexible network of Inner Circulation circulation by developing an innerNight urbanism. ● Day weekend Day weekend weekend Night weekend Fully open Fully space open space

Day weekend

- Orientation system

- Various combinations of spaces

This whole This whole setting setting is temporary is temporary by assigning different functions

- Creating an overall interlinking flexible network of circulation by

toaccording existingaccording urbanto structures. and changes and changes theto need the need

Semi fromopen 09:00 from -space 20:00 09:00 - 20:00and Semi Public accessable Semi Public Semi Accessable Public Accessable

ly of daily

Only controlled Only controlled access access occasion and occasion Fortification

only controlled access

Semi and openSemi space open space - Degree control of Night weekend accessibility

developing an inner urbanism.

Publicopen accessable Public accessable by eventsby events Fully space Public accessable by events

Day weekend Day weekend

Night weekend Night weekend

Fully openFully space open space

Semi openSemi space open space

Public accessable Public accessable by events by events

AdditionalAdditional opening hours opening by occation hours by occation

emporary rary

to need the need

exhibition diplaying Stuttgart’s diversity of people with migration background

Additional Additional opening hours opening by occation hours by occa Semi open space additional opening hours by occation

92 — Integrated Research & Design Mauserstraße in Feuerbach Ost – A Turkish Community Discussed in the City

by Lisa Gänsbauer, Natalia Pavlidi, Dina Samir Mahdy

... a part of Feuerbach

... with economic contrasts

„Wir möchten das Feuerbacher Zentrum schützen und wollen deshalb nicht, dass sich in diesem Quartier mehr Einzelhändler ansiedeln“ – Baubürgermeister Matthias Hahn

„Der Einzelhandel dort hat eine klare Berechtigung.“ – Oedinger, Stadtplanungsamt

Feuerbach, an independent district of Stuttgart formed by a city center and a large industrial district.

While Stuttgarterstrasse is its main shopping street.

The area hold different businesses with economic contrast.

Turkish retail markets settled around the DITIB Mosque in Mauserstrasse.

One part has minor potential for the local market.

Others do have potential but lack representation and redundancy of the products.

Some are prosperous businesses, profitable to the surrounding community with further potential.

93 — Integrated Research and Design Module II

... different interests

... and users

„Wir wollen nicht mehr Fläche für den Einzelhandel, sondern das Gebiet neu strukturieren. Und das wollen wir gemeinsam mit der Stadt tun.“ – Shopowner Aralan

Es hat sich eine Interessengemeinschaft gebildet die das ehemalige Behr-Werk 8 beleben, das Gebiet neu strukturieren und verschönern möchte. Dafür brauchen sie mehr Sicherheit.

Users come to use the area for different activities

Offices and Industry ImWerk8

Restaurants

The Shopowners who want to sell their products

Hak Verdi Supermarket

Türenmann

The artists settled in ImWerk8 to work

Aralan Market

Clothes shops

The Bakery offers breakfast, lunch and dinner

Metropole Bakery

Car garage

Many visitors come to shop and pray

DITIB Mosque

Weapon store

The mosque offers community services and a place the workers stop for lunch

94 — Integrated research & Design

... envisioning

LIgHT ToWer area

BaZar aND WorKSHoPS

The Light Tower area is the new entrance, with cafés and fi rst workshop spaces.

For the workshops some buildings are remodelled and new workshops allocated.

The bazar takes place in the exhibition spaces of the workshop and the large remodelled open space.

The Community gains a common outdoor area, cafés and a cultural center vivify the street.

CoMMUNITY

oFFICeS

The facades and outdoor areas are remodelled according to their themes.

New open space for bazar and workshops Containers with different uses Café and restaurant spaces

Exhibition space Workshop entrances

95 — Integrated research and Design Module II

THe CoLoUrFUL HarBoUr

LIgHT ToWer area BaZar aND WorKSHoPS THE COLOURFUL HARBOUR LIGHT TOWER AREA

I

CoMMUNITY

BAZAR AND WORKSHOPS

I

oFFICeS

COMMUNITY

I OFFICES

ImWerk8

Greenhouse

Mensa ImWerk8

Gallery

Farmers market Tower

Greenhouse

Exhibition

Exhibition

Mauserstraße Lunch Area

Exhibition

Community Area

Mensa

Fleemarket area

Language, cultural and Association center

Tower

Bakery

Café

Workshop court

Library

Nursery

Bookshop

Lighttower Area Groups

Exhibition

Mauserstraße

EXAMPLE OF A WORKSHOP

CONTAINERS IN USE Snack bar

Exhibition

Community Area Kitchen

Groups

Si e

m en

ss

tra

ße

Entrance

Workshop building

Exhibition

Entrance

Prayer

Café

ENVISIONED

Workshop court

Language, cultural and Association center

Library

Nursery

Delivery area

Workspace

Storage

Istanbul Communi

Chimney

Workshop ceramics Open air workshop area

Turkish tee

Coffee

Sweets/Deserts

Workshops

Dolma

Pottery

Wood

Supermarket Hak Verdi

Snack bar

Glass

Metal

Weaving

Groups Mauserstraße

ImWerk8

Kitchen

Art Groups

Fashion

Entrance

S 1: 1 000

traß ss m en Sie

Exhibition

ße tra Si e

30mx30m

FLOORPLAN

ss m en

Alley

Storage and Delivery

NEW PRODUCTS

Prayer

Borsigstraße

Bazar Entrance

Lighttower

Clothes

Fruits

S 1: 500

Juice

Borsigstraße

Flowers

Spices

Shisha Lounge

Vegetables

Mosque

A

B C Language Classes

Workshop area Furniture and woodworkshop activities

Chimney Storage area

Furnitur

Saloon e

Mosque Restaurants & Cafés

Bookshop

Albrechtstraße

Lighttower

Bakery

Exhibition Bazar and Workshops

OVERVIEW EVENTS

Lunch Area

Fleemarket area

Albrechtstraße

Workshop building

Gallery

Farmers market

Potential Parking

Dance

Books

Bokhor

Clothes

Services

Corner Siemens-Borsigstrasse before

Markets and parking lot before

Workshop ceramics

Mosque

snack bar

workshop

Cooking

Weaving

Workshop

Buskets

Sculpturing

Snack bar

Saloon

Storage and Delivery

Confecting

Sewing

Ceramics

Shoe repair

Pottery

Textile Printing

Metallwork

Weakly

Workshop

MO TUE WED THU FRI SAT SUN

Yearly MO TUE WED THU FRI SAT SUN

Seating EleSeating Element ments

Workshop area

POSSIBLE WORKSHOPS workshop and recreation area

different

Storage area

The Workshop and recreation area Cooking

Snackbar

Juwelry

Glasblowing

30mx30m

Live conce

Bazar

Lamps

Borsigstraße Baking

Weaving

Sculpturing

Small Small shopExhibition Exhibition

Restaurants & Cafés

Baking

Sewing

Shoe repairTurkish

Ceramics

tee

Pottery

Coffee

MO TUE WED THU FRI SAT SUN

MO TUE WED T

Tower Tower

Shop DIFFERENT USES OF CONTAINERS uses of containers

EXAMPLE OF EVENTS SC entrance area with the new light-tower MO TUE WED THU FRI SAT SUN

MO TUE WED THU FRI SAT SUN

MO TUE WED T

MO TUE WED THU FRI SAT SUN

MO TUE WED T

MO TUE WED THU FRI SAT SUN

MO TUE WED T

The new Lighttower-Entrance area

The Bazar with outdoor exhibition space

Buskets MO TUE WED THU FRI SAT SUN

Confecting

Long shop

Farmers market

Supermarket Hak Verdi

Lamps

Juwelry

Sweets/Deserts

Dolma

Workshops

Pottery

Wood

Glass

Metal

Weaving

ImWerk8

MO TUE WED THU FRI SAT SUN

Art

Fashion

Furniture

Germany – the first excursion for the 3rd intake of IUSD Students – a visit to Munich in Sept ‘13 ●

Germany – IUSD students of the 3rd intake discussing, arguing and exchanging at the GIZ Students’ Day on Urban Development in Eschborn, Jan ‘14 ●

© GIZ

France – IUSD students designing and building their own mud bricks at the Earth Workshop in Villefontaine Grains d’Isère, May ‘14 ●

© Amaco

Germany – during the Berlin Module students were discussing with NGOs and political parties, attending plenary sessions at the Bundestag and recapturing impressions, May ‘14 ●

Integrated Case Study

Tunisia – students of the 2nd intake starting their studies in Tunis and working on the Integrated Case Study of revitalizing public housing in Ibn Khaldoun, Oct ‘13 ●

Tunisia – Welcome to Tunis! – students reading the “IUSD-Tunisia welcome guide”; promotion of the IUSD program at the “Institut Superieur des Technologies de l’Environnement de l’Urbanisme et de Batiment” (ISTEUB) by the representatives of Stuttgart University and Ain Shams University, Cairo, Oct ‘13 ●

Tunisia – the first excursions after the 2nd intake arrived in Tunisia, to Old Medina and Sidi Bou Said, Oct ‘14 ●

Germany / Tunisia / Egypt – the second year for the IUSD students around Stuttgart, Djerba, Tunis, El Ksour, Tataouine and Cairo ●

05 â&#x20AC;&#x201D; Integrated Case-Study

112 â&#x20AC;&#x201D; Integrated Case Study

113 —

Integrated Case-Study The Case of Ibn Khaldoun, WS 2013/14 Prof. Dr. Mohamed Salheen Dr. Marwa Abdellatif MSc. Ebtihal Zakaria MSc. Mona Manoun Eng. Nouran Azouz Tunisian supporting team: Prof. Dr. Mouldi Chaabani, MSc. Insaf Ben Othman, MSc. Zeineb Mediouni This year, the Integrated Case Study module took place in Tunis, Tunisia. The main theme revolved around developing common based solutions as an integrated approach for the revitalisation of mass housing projects in a rapidly urbanising world. The Université Ibn Khaldoun (UIK) was the host institution for the students’ working studios and day to day activities.

The Ibn Khaldoun district is located north-west of Tunis.

The district represents a mass housing project built by the governmental agency in the 1970s, with a population of 7.860 inhabitants. It is the first affordable mass housing project in Tunis, designed as a synthesis between the fabric of the old Medina – the traditional Arab city – and the new cities. To provide a modern solution for housing problems, its initial design was created as an affordable mass housing project for the inhabitants of Jabal Al-Ahmar, who came from different suburban areas around the capital to avoid the sprawl of informal areas. However, the project has suffered from degradation over the years. Today, Ibn Khaldoun is one of the densest residential areas in Tunis and based on people’s needs, the area has transformed from purely residential to a mixed use area.

During a six week field trip, students used an integrated planning methodology to develop integrated plans to revitalize the district. External local experts presented a series of lectures, in order to familiarize the

international students with planning in Tunisia. Guest speakers from different organisations were invited. Organizations included: l’Université de Tunis, ISTEUB (Institut Supérieur des Technologies de l’Environnement, de l’Urbanisme et du Bâtiment), ATU (Association Tunisienne des Urbanistes), ENAU (Ecole Nationale d’Architecture et d’Urbanisme, Tunis) and ASM (Association de la Sauvegarde de la Médina de Tunis.

The students went through four successive phases to develop their final design projects. First, the students conducted a ‘site and actor analysis’ on site, based on four main themes that helped them understand the local: governance and partnership, social integration, economic simulation, environment improvement, and urban design. Based on this comprehensive analysis, students performed ‘gap and needs assessment’ for the district in phase two. Subsequently, four development lines were selected: improving local governance systems, improving the quality and utilization of the public realm, fostering social infrastructure, and supporting and empowering SMEs. The final phase incorporated the action plans for the selected priority projects, which involved full participation with the local community of the Ibn Khaldoun District. The final work was presented at the host institution in Tunis in cooperation with professors and students from the local faculty. ●

114 â&#x20AC;&#x201D; Integrated Case Study

Site and Actor Analysis: Economic Activities in Ibn Khaldoun

by Abdalrahman AlShorafa, Aya El-Wageeh, Wesam ElBardisy, Katharina Frieling The collaboration between government, private sector and academia can feature a perspective for innovative economic development (UN-Habitat2004). Accordingly, the following paper will discuss the economic stimulation, engaging public and private businesses, as well as residents in the urban area of Ibn Khaldoun, situated in the greater boundaries of Omrane SupĂŠrieur, in the governorate of Tunis. The economic activities in this residential urban area are defined under the umbrella of exchange of money and trade, the demand and supply of goods, and the generation of labour, to secure the livelihood of its residents. Further, these activities are distinguished in public and private sectors. Whereas the public sector provides different services, e.g. education and maintenance, as well as public-owned market space, the private sector covers the provision of daily needs such as goods and services of micro-businesses.

The observation and analysis of economic patter ns will focus on the mentioned factors, as well as the distinction of formal and informal labour and goods on markets, occurring since the 2011 revolution in Tunisia. The Analysis of the observed economic activity in the context of Ibn Khaldounâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s neighbourhood, will help to identify the local potential of economic sectors and their actors.

Economic triggers, such as the demand and supply of resources and services, will be investigated, and the interrelation to income sources for residents will be determined. We will introduce a methodology to collect quantitative and qualitative data and evaluate the findings for solution-related analysis and conclusions. In doing so, we will elaborate a SWOT-Analysis to correlate findings within the wider context of Tunis. We will conclude in summarizing the driving economic forces and the money circle in Ibn Khaldoun and their interrelation, as well as identifying potentials for economic benefits, growth and economies of scale.

Methodology of Data Collection To understand and analyze the economic activities within the Ibn Khaldoon area, different methods for data collection were used such as: observations, interviews, mapping, and statistics in a parallel way.

Natural observations in particular were used in the area as a method to investigate and define the various economic activities in the area. Observations were held at different times and days. Consequently, it eased identifying the target groups within these economic activities.

Based on the observations, different methods were used such as mapping, structured interviews, and statistics analyses to ensure the reliability of the information to be analyzed.

Structured interviews aimed to investigate different aspects, including: ownership, rents, origins, economic vitality, demand, source of income, and means of spending and tenureship. The sample of the structured interviews for the private sector in service provision and production in Ibn Khaldoun are as follows: 1. Do you live in Ibn Khaldoun?

2. Do you have a family?

3. Are you the business owner or an employee? (If ownership: Do you have employees?)

4. Do you own or rent the place you are working in?

5. For how long are you working in this place?

6. What are your daily/weekly work times?

7. Do solely people from the neighborhood consume in your place or also outsiders?

8. Are you spending your money in Ibn Khaldoun or outside?

9. How would you currently rank the economic situation of your business?

These interviews were held on different actors in the area ranging from private and public sector for service provision and production in the Ibn Khaldoun Market, to local consumers. Each target group was selected intentionally, while the sample was selected randomly.

They are listed as follows: formal vendors in markets and shops, informal vendors in markets, craftsmen,

115 — Ibn Khaldoun, Tunis

consumers in the area and outsiders, real estate agency and Omda.

Mapping: researchers mapped the density of economic activities in an attempt to allocate different vacant lands and areas that may become a possible asset for new economic growth. The mapping was implemented through walking tours 0n different routes inside the area.

Statistics: researchers aimed to find secondary data from reports and statistics about employment and education percentages. The avalable data is from Welaya and employment authority reports and publication.

However, there are no statistics on the scale of Ibn Khaldoun found in the report.

observations in labour market

general observations Ibn Khaldoun is commercially very active, with a wide spectrum of variety in products and reasonable prices, which attract visitors from outside the area to buy, especially in peak times. The main economic attraction is the Flea market, which is considered the second most famous flea market after “Hafsia” (Mrs S. Selmi 2013, personal interview. 27 October) in greater Tunis City. The main economic activities identified in the site are second hand markets, home wares, crafts production, groceries and some other activities such as hairdressers, tailors, restaurants, and cafes. These markets are categorized as formal and informal markets which will be defined by the researches in the next section.

Concerning gender and age, the presence of working women in the neighbourhood is noticeably high, especially in private shops. While male domination is noticeable in the street vendors sector with a very low / neglected percentage of women. After observing a high number of men spending their time in cafés, our first assumption was that those men were unemployed, however, after interviewing café owners, we found that the majority of men work in shifts and take breaks in these cafeterias.

Ibn Khaldoun market 1

Ibn Khaldoun market 1

Ibn Kholdoun Market 1 Ibn Kholdoun Market 1 Ibn Kholdoun Market 1

Ibn Kholdoun Market 1

Ibn Khaldoun market 2

Ibn Kholdoun Market 2 Ibn Kholdoun Market 2 Ibn Kholdoun Market 2

economic Mapping of Ibn Khaldoun Ibn Khaldoun is commercially very active, with a wide spectrum of variety in products and reasonable prices.

Ibn Kholdoun Market 2

3.

Economic mapping 3. Economic mapping of of 3. Ibn Economic mapping of Ibn Khaldoun Khaldoun Ibn Khaldoun

Ibn Khaldoun is commercially very active, Ibn Khaldoun is commercially very active, with Khaldoun a wide spectrum of variety in products Ibn is commercially active, with a wide spectrum of variety very in products and reasonable prices.ofAsvariety shown in figure with a wide spectrum products and reasonable prices. As shownin in figure 02 variety ofprices. products and-05, reasonable As attracting shown invisitors figure 02 -05, variety of products attracting visitors from outside the area to buy, especially in 02 -05,outside varietythe of area products attracting visitors from to buy, especially in peak times.

The main economic attraction is from times. outside themain area mapping to buy, especially in 3. Economic of peak The economic attraction is the Flea market, which is considered the secIbn Khaldoun peak times.

The main economic attraction is the Flea market, which is considered the sec3 ond Flea famous flea market after “Hafsia”the 3 (Mrs the market, which is considered second famous flea market after “Hafsia” (Mrs Ibn 2013, Khaldoun is commercially very27 active, S. Selmi personal interview.

3 Octo(Mrs ond famous flea market after “Hafsia” S. Selmi 27 Octowith 2013, a wide personal spectrum ofinterview. variety in products ber) in greater Tunis City. The main economic S. Selmi 2013, personal 27figure October) inand greater Tunis City. interview.

The main ineconomic reasonable prices.

As shown activities identified the site are second hand ber) in02greater Tunisofin Theattracting main economic -05, variety products visitors activities identified inCity. the site are second hand markets, wares, crafts production, grofromhome outside theinarea to in activities identified the sitebuy, areespecially second hand markets, home wares, crafts production, grotimes. The main economicasattraction is ceries peak andhome some other activities hairdresser, markets, wares, crafts production, groceries the andFlea some other activities as hairdresser, market,and whichcafes. is considered the sectailor, restaurants, These markets ceries ond and some flea other activities as hairdresser, 3markets tailor, restaurants, and cafes.

These (Mrs famous market after “Hafsia” are categorized as and formal and informal martailor, cafes.

S.restaurants, Selmi 2013, interview.

27 markets Octoare categorized as personal formal and These informal markets which be defined researches in ber) inwill greater City.by Thethe main economic are categorized asTunis formal and informal markets which will be defined by the researches in activities in the site are second hand the next section. kets which willidentified be defined by the researches in the next section. markets, home wares, crafts production, grothe next section. ceries and some other as hairdresser, Concerning gender andactivities age illustrated in ilConcerning gender and in iltailor, restaurants, and age cafes.illustrated These markets lustration 01,gender the presence of working women Concerning age illustrated in illustration 01, the presence ofand working are categorized asand formal informalwomen marin the neighbourhood is noticeably high, espelustration 01, the of women kets which willpresence be defined by working the researches in in the neighbourhood is noticeably high, especially in private shops.

While male domination the next section. in the in neighbourhood noticeably high, especially private shops.isWhile male domination is noticeable in the street vendors sector with cially in private While domination is noticeable in shops. the street sector with Concerning gender and vendors agemale illustrated in ila very low / neglected percentage of women women. is noticeable in01,the vendors sector with lustration the street presence of working a very low / neglected percentage of women.

After a high number of men spendinlow the neighbourhood is noticeably high, espea veryobserving / neglected percentage of women.

After observing a high number of men spendciallytime in private shops. While male domination ing their ina high cafés, our first assumption After observing number of men spending their time in cafés, our first assumption is noticeable in the street vendors sector with was that those men wereour unemployed, howing their time cafés, first of assumption was that those werepercentage unemployed, howa very low in /men neglected women. ever,that after interviewing café owners, we found was mena high were unemployed, howAfterthose observing number of menwe spendever, after interviewing café owners, found out that majority men work shifts and ingthe their time in of cafés, our first in assumption ever, after interviewing café owners, we found out that the majority of men work in shifts and was that those men were unemployed, howtaking break in theseof cafeterias. out thatbreak the majority men work in shifts and taking in these cafeterias. ever, after interviewing café owners, we found takingout break in these cafeterias. that the majority of men work in shifts and taking break in these cafeterias.

Figure 06: Mapping the economic ectivities in the area.

Figure 06: Mapping the economic ectivities in the area.

Figure 06: Mapping the economic ectivities in the area.

Figure 06: Mapping the economic ectivities in the area.

Vital economic axis Vital economic (9-15 shop/100 axis m) (9-15 shop/100 axis m) Vital economic (9-15 shop/100 m) Medium economic axis Medium economic axis (6-8 shop /100m)axis Medium economic (6-8 shop /100m) Weakshop economic axis (6-8 /100m) Weak economic axis (<6 shops / 100 m) Weak economic axis (<6 shops / 100 m) (<6 shops / 100 m)

Ibn Khaldoun market 2

mapping the economic activities in the area Formal economic Nodal -Points Formal economic Nodal -Points

Vital economic axis (9-15 shop/100 m)

Formal economic Nodal -Points Vital economic axis

Formal economic Nodal -Points

Medium economic axis

Informal economic Markets Medium economic axis Informal economic Markets

Informal economic Markets

(6-8 shop /100m) Weak economic axis

(<6 shops / 100 m)

Formal economic Nodal -Points

Informal economic Markets Informal economic Markets Conflict fomality zone

Conflict fomality zone Conflict zone Weak economic axisfomality

Conflict fomality zone

Conflict fomality zone

3 Hafsia is a quarte

3 Hafsia is a quarter in the ce 3 Hafsia is a quarte the flea big City. City.

It has It thehas biggest City.

It has big 3 Hafsia is athe quarte Tunis.

Tunis.

Tunis.

City. It has the big Tunis.

es

ies

116 — Integrated Case Study

There is a variety of products attracting visitors from outside the area to buy, especially in peak times. The main economic attraction is the Flea market, which is considered the second famous flea market after “Hafsia” (Mrs S. Selmi 2013, personal interview. 27 October) in greater Tunis City. The main economic activities identified in the site are second hand markets, home wares, crafts production, groceries and some other activities as hairdresser, tailor, restaurants, and cafes. These markets are categorized as formal and informal markets.

Concerning gender and age, the presence of working women in the neighbourhood is noticeably high, espe4. Economic Sectors and cially in private shops. While male domination is noticeActors able in the sector of street vendors where the percentEconomic sector can be categorized into 4. Economic Sectors and age ofand women insignifi After observing a high formal informal is sector clarified cant. in Actors illustrations 02. The researchers defined number of men spending their time in cafés, our first the “informal” sector, an enclosed group of Economic sector can be categorized into assumption was that those vendors in Ibn Khaldoun who neither paymen were unemployed, howformal and informal sector clarified in charges nor registered to the municipality, ever, after interviewing café owners, we found out that illustrations 02.

The researchers defined while the formal ones pay rental charges the “informal” sector, an enclosed group of to the municipality.

Illustration 03 shifts and are taking breaks the majority of men work in vendors in Ibn Khaldoun who neither pay clarifies the relationship between actors charges norcafés. registered to the municipality, in these in the area. Before revolution, vendors in while the formal ones pay rental charges the flea market were able to get a selling to the municipality. Illustration 03 point directly from a “key person”, who clarifies the relationship between actors economic Sectors and actors rents the plot from the municipality; yet, in the area. Before revolution, vendors in this key person has been freely controlling The economic sector the flea market were able to get acan sellingbe categorized into formal the whole lot with the absence of the pointinformal directly from sectors a “key person”, who ed in illustrations 02. The and municipality supervision on the clarifi vendors rents the plot from the municipality; yet, themselves. After the revolution, this key researchers defi “informal” sector, an enclosed this key person has beenned freelythe controlling person no longer exists, and the vendors the whole lot with the absence of the directly contact the municipality claim group of vendors in IbntoKhaldoun who neither pay chargmunicipality supervision on the vendors a selling point. This contact is very weak themselves.

After the revolution, key municipality. The “formal” es nor registered withthis the and nearly do not exist. Accordingly, person no longer exists, and the vendors vendors is have found way who of sector defi nedtheir by own those pay rental charges to the directly contact the municipality to claim organising the selling points apart from the a selling point.

This contact is very weak municipality.

Illustration municipality which increased the number03 clarifies the relationship and nearly do not exist. Accordingly, of vendors incredibly around the metro Before revolution, vendors between actors in the vendors have found their own area. way of line. On contrary, the vegetables markets organising the selling points apart the in flea market were from able arethe not affected by the revolution, whereto get a selling point directly municipality which increased the number the municipality still have full supervision from a “key person”, rents the plot from the municiof vendors incredibly aroundwho the metro and control on the whole market. Vendors line. On contrary, the vegetables markets pality; can applyyet, for athis sellingkey slot person inside the has been freely controlling are not affected by the revolution, where vegetable market and pay a monthly rent. the municipality have full supervision the whole lotstillwith the absence of municipal supervision and control on the whole market. Vendors ofcanthe vendors themselves. After the revolution, this key apply for a selling slot inside the vegetableno market and payexists, a monthlyand rent. the vendors directly contact person longer

the municipality to claim a selling point. These contacts are very weak and are nearly nonexistant. Accordingly, vendors have found their own way of organising the selling points apart from the municipality which increased the number of vendors incredibly around the metro line.

On contrary, the vegetables markets were not affected by

the revolution, where the municipality still have full supervision and control of the whole market. Vendors can apply for a selling slot inside the vegetable market and pay a monthly rent.

Selective Labour Data 39 interviews were conducted targeting the formal and informal vendors, in addition to visitors and residents in both genders.

In structured interviews of formal vendors from different professions, the entire sample answered that they Economic Sectors Economic Sectors

Informal Sector

Formal Sector

Informal Sector

Formal Sector

Private Sector Supply Provision (secondhand clothes, homeware Private Sector market) Supply Provision (secondhand clothes, homeware market)

Illustration 02: economic sectors, Economic

economic Actors sectors

Private Sector Service Provision (tailor, café, mechanic ...)

Private Sector Service Provision Private (tailor, café, Sector Supply mechanic ...)

Provision (food market, bakery, Private supermarket, ...)

Sector Supply *including Real Provision (food Estate Market market, bakery, Source: Author supermarket, ...) *including Real Estate Market

Public Sector Service Provision (schools, post, youth club, ...)

Public Sector Service Provision (schools, post, youth club, ...)

Illustration 02: economic sectors, Source: Author Economic Actors Key Person Before

Municipality

Key Person

Vendors Formal/ Informal

Municipality

Direct Communication ( Weak)

Vendors Formal/ Informal

Direct Communication ( Weak)

Illustration 03: Actors relationship in the area, Source: Author

actors relationship in the area Illustration 03: Actors relationship in the area, Source: Author

Revolution Before After Revolution

After

117 — Ibn Khaldoun, Tunis

5. Selective Labour Data

about the situation, additionally, some described it as

39 interviews were conducted targeting the the worst that could happened. formal and informal vendors, in addition to visitors and residents in both genders.

The craftsmen surveryed were residents

Craftsmen

Formal Vendors

Industrial Sector

Supply and Service Sector

Formal Vendors Supply and Service Sector

Craftsmen Industrial Sector

Informal Vendors

in the area and

were working there for vendors more than three years. However, In structured interviews of formal from professions, entire sample the question about the ecohalfdifferent of the sampletheanswered answered that they are renting the place with nomicrenting situation asHowever goodhalf and majority since 1 year. of moderate and the rest exthem were residents Ibn Khaldoun area (figpressed theirin dissatisfaction. ure 07), and 70 per cent of the total are breadIn general, thetorevolution in 2011 acts as a turning point winners.

In an attempt estimate the money circle in the economic area, more than situation half of the sample for the in the area, the majority of the said that their customers are from outside the sample expressed their dissatisfaction about the current area.

As a conclusion, economic dissatisfaction was expressed by the sample. situation . On the other hand, the absence of the youth sector can noticed, since On the other hand,be majority of Informal ven-the majority (ca. 70%) of the dors were working in the area for more than 6 sample are the breadwinners in their families. Concernyears without paying any rent to the municiing especially the money more pality after thecircle, revolution.

More- than the half of the sample over, half of them residents and the arenearly residents inareIbn Kholdoun, which indicates how acothers are coming from outside the Areas. In tive is the human resources conclusion, the majority expressed their dis-in the area. satisfaction about the situation. Additionally, some said that it is the worst ever.

Supply and Service Sector

Informal Vendors Supply and Service Sector

labour sectors in the area Illustration 04: labour sectors in the area, Source: Author

real estate Data

6. Real Estate Data The initial impression on Ibn Khaldoun’ real estate condition considered the district as a highly occupied one for singlefamily homes and apartments (illustration 05). In Addition, a real estate agent was interviewed inside the area. The area was found to be 90-95% occupied and highly demanded. Different options were found between rented apartments and single family “Villas” in the area. The main target groups are students and families.

Students demand for apartments nearer to educational institutes, while families demand for single family houses.

market Ibn Khaldoun 1

The selling priceone of middle year. class apartment are renting the place with majority renting for per sqm. is around 500 TD, while rents range between 300-700 TD per month.

Half of those surveyed were residents inTheseIbn Khaldoun values are considered of a moderate rate in general. The variant between the area, and 70% of the total are breadwinners.

In anto theatrates are set according distant from either the central services or the institutes. The nearer to these tempt to estimate the money circle in educational the area, more areas the higher are the rates. In addition, renting follow the same than half of the sample said that theirshops customers arespatial pricing with rents vary between 350-600 TD monthly. It is worth mentioning that, from outside the area. AsEconomic a conclusion, dissatActivities economic majority of the real estate owners are from isfaction was expressed the sample. Ibn Khaldoun district.

1. by Methodology 2.

General Observations On the other hand, the majority of informal vendors 3.

Economy Mapping were working in the area for& more than six years with4.

Sectors Actors 5.

Selective Labour Data out paying any taxes to the municipality, especially after 6.

Real Estate Data the revolution. Moreover, nearly 7.

SWOT Analysis half of those surveyed Money Circulation & are residents and the8. others Conclusionare coming from outside the areas. The majority expressed their dissatisfaction

Figure 07: Market Ibn Khaldoun I

10

By asking craftsmen, they were residents in The initial impression on Ibn Khaldoun’ real estate conthe area and working there for more than 3 years.

However, half of the sample answered as a highly occupied wtih dition considered the district the question about the economic situation as single-family homes and apartments. In Addition, a real good and moderate and the rest expressed estate agent was interviewed inside the area. The area their dissatisfaction.

was found to be 90-95% In general, the revolution in 2011 acts occupied as a turning point for the economic situation in the area, majority of the sample expressed their dissatisfaction about the situation since then.

On the other hand, the absence of youth sector can be noticed, since majority (around 70 percent) of the sample are the breadwinners in their families. About the money circle, more than the half of the sample are residents in Ibn Kholdoun, which indicates how active is the human resources in the area.

and in high demand.

Apartments

Single Family Homes Illustration 05: Real estate market situation, Source: Author

real estate market situation

118 — Integrated Case Study

Different options were found between rented apartments and single family “Villas” in the area. The main target groups are students and families. The studentsdemand for apartments nearer to educational institutes, while families demand for single family homes.

The selling price of middle class apartments per sqm. is around 500 TD, while rents range between 300-700 TD per month. These values are considered of a moderate rate in general. The variant between the rates are set according to the distant from either the central services or the educational institutes. The nearer to these areas the higher are the rates. In addition, the rent for shops follow the same spatial pricing with rents vary between 350600 TD monthly. It is worth mentioning that, the majority of the real estate owners are from Ibn Khaldoun district.

SWOT Analysis Throughout the SWOT analysis, Ibn Khaldoun is considered one of the most famous second hand markets in Tunis City. This enriches the district’s economic activity Strength:

Weakness:

- Good reputation of the market & attraction point for outsiders - Variety of supply & productive services - Service oriented area - Potential for women labor - Self-organizing, strong bond between labors - Coverage of daily needs supply - 2 major market

- Dangerous location of Vendors at the Metro line - Absence of legal framework organizing all markets - High competition in between shop due to the high level of service supply and less demand - Fear of forced eviction / displacment for the street vendors

Opportunities:

Threats :

- Growing demand for informal products - Municipality plan for relocation of vendors at Metro line (Security level – Municipality opinion) - Vacant areas nearby which have a potential for new economic activities

- Municipality plan for relocation of Vendors metro line (less dense of vistors if vendors undergo the relocation plan of the Municipality ) - Post-revolutionary depression - Evolution of informal private business - Non-residential informal employers taking the income out of the area

Illustration 06: SWOT analysis, Source: Author

and attracts visitors from other districts. This effect is characterized by the presence of variety in products with cheaper prices in comparison with other markets. However, the area depends an outside supply of products and focuses on service provisions.

After the revolution street vendors have manages to organize themselves and work in the absence of a legal framework from the municipality. Accordingly, they number of vendors started to grow rapidly around the metro lines which endangers their lives and the lives of the customers. For that matter, the municipality is planning to relocate them to a safe area nearby the station which could risk minimizing their profit.

Moreover, the dominant post revolution depression and high prices led to a growing demand for products from these informal markets which increases the competition between vendors and attracts outsiders to work inside the area, thus risking to leave out the legal part of economy and politics, i.e. taxes.

Money Circulation & Conclusion.

Reflecting on the UN-Habitat guidelines, this study at7. SWOT Analysis tempted to define the money circle within Ibn Khaldoun SWOT analysis the in illustraand with the surrounding, inThroughout order tothedetermine potion 06, Ibn Khaldoun is considered one of the tentials and limitations to foster the second economic activity. most famous hand markets in Tunis City, which enriches the district’s economic This was investigated through different interviews to activity and attracts visitors from other districts. characterized by the presence of vathe different targeted groups asIt ismentioned previously riety in products with cheaper prices in comin the methodology section. Concerning money circulaparison with other markets. However, the area depends outside supply of products and tion between Ibn Khaldoun and theonsurrounding, money focus on service provision. goes out the area either from bringing in goods from outside providers or from the outside informal vendors Street vendors managed to organize themcoming to work in the area. selves While, shopping from cusand work in the absence of a legal from theespecially municipality afterto revolutomers form outside the areaframework who come the tion. Accordingly, they started to grow rapidly flea market contributes in bringing the back around the metro lineseconomy which endangers their lives and the lives income of the customers.

For that into the area. In addition, household brought matter, the municipality is planning to relocate from outside is considered another sector them in another safe areacontributing nearby the station which risk minimizing their profit. to bringing money into Ibn Khaldoun, however it needs further investigation. the the dominant post revolution Regarding money circulationMoreover, within area, moneyde-is pression and high prices led to a growing dekept inside the area due to residents shopping the mand for products from theseinside informal markets which increase the competition between area to satisfy their daily needs.

In addition, the relation vendors and attracts outsiders to work inside the area risking taking the economy outside. between the area and the municipality is ambiguous, es- 1.

Meth

2.

Gene

3.

Econ

4.

Secto

5.

Selec

Eco

119 â&#x20AC;&#x201D; Ibn Khaldoun, Tunis

pecially after the revolution. It is characterized by the lack of legal frameworks to organize the money collected and spent by the municipality inside Ibn Khaldoun.

Through the different observations and analyses it is observed that the area has the potential to grow economically depending on both high demand on their products from one side and the presence of urban spaces that could be used. Moreover, craft products and small enterprises found scattered inside the area have the potential to be fostered and gathered in specific area in order to create a new segment of the economy. Another aspect that should be considered is self-production within the community as a step for empowering productivity in the districts. However, reconsidering the lack of communication and legal framework between the vendors and the municipality is crucial. â&#x2014;?

money circle within the area

ECONOMIC ACTIVITIES in Ibn Khaldoun

market vendor in Ibn Khaldoun

120 â&#x20AC;&#x201D; Integrated Case Study

Site and actor analysis: environmental aspects in Ibn Khaldoun

by Heba Badr, Mohamed el-gamal, rasha abo Deeb, Sari abdullah Introduction to Ibn Khaldoun At first sight Ibn Khaldoun appears to be designed in regard to OLD MEDINA. Its narrow streets and building geomety reflect the same principles of the original design. Coping with modern needs, the main streets were designed wide enough to accommodate cars and metro lines. Large public spaces were added to provide a common ground for various social activities. A profound look to Ibn Khaldoun shows the inverse side of the

coin, coming analysis demonstrates that Ibn Khaldoun doesnâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t stand against the rapid global climate change, as many people were forced to have air condition. In winter, rain water accumulates in the streets which were not designed to handle the increased amount of rains.

Three routes were proposed to survey Ibn Khaldoun.

The criterion of choosing these routes was to reflect the various different street sizes and housing typologies. Site visits on different days helped to have various feedbacks.

The goal of the first day was to have a primary idea of the area, while other two days concentrated on interviews with residents. (second day around fifteen unstructured interviews were hold, and around 10 structured interviews in the last day).

Street Level Street Network The Ibn Khaldoun area was designed to imitate the design of the Arabian old city, where the street system manifests an obvious approach for the functional heiricy for the streets. The group work observed this clearly in several site visits. The streets were divided into different types; the main street is the widest one where the metro line passing through and is attached to double loaded souq, followed by another level of street width where the small shops for grocery and similar activities are located. This level of the street leads to the residential streets which considered to be the narrowest ones and sometimes dead ended.

Street Shading The hierarchy of the street levels create different amounts of shades according to the width and Integrated Case Study instreet Ibn-Khaldoun function.

For the street where the metro line passAnalysis ofmain Environmental Aspects es there2013/2014 is almost no shade. In contrast in the narrower IUSD streets the buildings provide considerable amounts of shade. However, on some streets where small shops are located the buildings shade were not enough for the residents who step by these shops. As a result the residents Figure 01: made some tents to provide more shading areas.

A public tree pulled to grow on a Inforthe streets considered to be a pure residential streets, house shading.

a public tree pulled to grow on a house for shading

Source: Authors

Dis

121 â&#x20AC;&#x201D; Ibn Khaldoun, Tunis

residents were keen to plant their court yard with different kinds of trees which also provide shade for the outer streets as the trees always expand to the streetâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s outside. rain Water Mangement It was observed by the group that the rain water management on residential streets and the original design of the streets and the rain water collecting system were well designed, in terms of the streets inclination and the floor design. The water collects in the middle of the streets in small channels directed towards the manhole at the end of the street. Recently the residents made many modifications to their houses and the leftover building materials blocked the manholes either partially or completely which affected their functionally. Further in the main street residents reported that the train sometimes stops in winter time after heavy rain as a result of the water accumulation.

4. People Attitude Towards

People Street attitude Towards the Street Observing people attitude towards the street was quite Observing people attitude towards the essential to essential know how people street was quit to know how are interareacting with the people are reacting with of the the different levels Obviously people are lookdiff erent levels street.

ing for the shade. As known in the old cities the streets are considered to be a shared place where people gather and do activities. While moving around the group observed a group of old men who sit in the street playing cards where shade is provided by buildings. In the wide streets where there is not much building shade people have planted trees to provide shade or in some cases they have changed the tree direction in order to provide more shade for their homes.

Topography The differences in the Iben Khaldoun street levels were quite obvious when visiting the site. The narrow residential streets are linked together with stairs and ramps.

These ramps were quite hard to climb especially for the older residents because of the harsh angle of the slops. In some case it seemed that resident have added some more steps in order to ease the way of the circulation.

Noise

of the street. Obviously people are looking for the shades. As known in the old cities the streets considered to be a shared place where people gathering and doing some activities. While moving around the group observed a group of old men who sit in the street playing cards where shades provided by buildings (See Fig 16). Another practice in the wide streets where there is no much building shades people planted trees to provide shades or sometime they changed the tree direction in order to inter it in their homes also to get more shades (See Fig 15).

Figure 14: Different practices to provide shades Source: Authors

5. Topography The differences in Iben Khaldoun streets levels were quite obvious when visiting the site. The narrow residential streets are linked together with stairs and ramps (See Fig 17).these ramps were quite hard to be climbed especially for the old residents according to the harsh angle of the slops.

In some case it seemed that resident added some more steps in order to ease the way of the circulation.

agement street design for the rain water system

streets topography

Link

People have awareness toward the need of vegetation for shading. In addition to their gathering in

Figure 16 : Streets topography Source: Authors

122 â&#x20AC;&#x201D; Integrated Case Study

Referring to on-site observations, the more inside the residential part the less the noise. In Iben Khaldoun there are two main source of noise: the train line and the souq. The houses which are close to the train line are influenced the most by noise. The train line is located on the widest main road in the area where there are always cars and trains around. One resident reported that sometimes in the night when the train is passing by her house, the noise forces her to run outside the house as she thinks that the building may collapse. The souq effect is limited to day time as it is stops in the night time. as mentioned before that the noise in the residential part has less influence, however some residents reported that there are some other activities, such are wedding parties that are held in the area and also causes a lot of noise.

Building Level

noise distribution in Ibn-Khaldoun district

ventilation through courtyard of housing typology A

Building Form The environmental aspect had been considered in the original design of different building typologies in IbnKhaldoun. Most of the buildings had an internal courtyard, either in the front or backyard of a single dwelling or it is formed between clusters of many dwelling units.

Some of the collective housing projects have been designed without an internal courtyard but are instead surrounded by green areas. The courtyard element provides cooler air to the surrounding rooms, especially when cross ventilation occurs and air moves from the courtyard inside. However, many residents have partially or wholly modified their courtyards. Some added a rooftop to the court and used it as an additional room and that gives the opportunity to use also the space above it. Others have extended their house to include more floors and the court was used as an open core for the stairs. The interviews showed that 56% of respondents have courtyards in their houses and 20% of them have closed the courtyard, but according to observations more than 50% of the residents originally having courtyards in their houses, have overbuilt it either partially or the whole.

123 â&#x20AC;&#x201D; Ibn Khaldoun, Tunis

Ventilation and Lighting The existence of a courtyard provides ventilation and natural lighting to the surrounded rooms, few cases with fully built courtyards suffer from a lack of good ventilation and natural lighting. According to interviews 40% of the group of respondents who have courtyards can see that courtyard modifications have negatively affected the lighting, also 20% of the same group feel the negative effect on ventilation and the rest of it did not experience modifications. However, according to observations there is an architectural sense while doing modifications. For instance, the cross ventilation is kept even with the addition of new walls by including windows in the new walls just in fornt of the old windows. The Ibn-Kaldoun area follows the Tunisian tradition to use a white paint which has two environmental benefits as it increase the natural lighting through radiation reflection which also help to reduce thermal effect.

Vegetation According to observations, Vegetation is a common value that exist in most houses except in the collective housing which are five story buildings. Fruit trees were observed in most of the private courtyards, as well as flowering plants such as â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;Bougainvilleaâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;. These are often

sketches illustrate the effect on lighting and ventilation after enclosing the courtyard

seen in the open stair cores or on the on the front walls of the houses.

Materials and Techniques According to observations, vaults have been the original form used for many roof tops. This is appropriate for the hot climate in Tunis, but as a response to the residents needs for additional spaces for family extension, the vaults have been reshaped to be flat. This allows for additional use above it. The structures are built with concrete skeletons and filled walls are built from hollow blocks in single rows. That shows a lack of thermal isolation which became clear as most of the interviewees had an air conditioner in one or two floors, if they can afford it. Small size openings are designed for most of the buildings and are still used for ventilaion. However, the materiad used for windows and doors are in the track of change. Originally, window frames and sun shelters where made of wood which is considered one of the most ecofriendly material, but currently some windows have been made of aluminum frames with no sun shades.

Doors were originally made of wood or steel with hollow sheet, but currently impermeable material is used instead which prevent air movement.

hollow block is the used building material.

124 â&#x20AC;&#x201D; Integrated Case Studies

open & green areas Large green areas are mainly distributed around the Iben Khaldoun site, as shows that the current concentration of green areas and trees inside the site are considered very low. The original design of Ibn Khaldoun provided vegetation in open spaces. These green areas were maintained by the municipality till the revolution. After the revolution these areas were completely ignored which allowed people to throw their garbage in these areas.

and to provide them with vegetation. In contrast some of these area are completely abandoned empty places and residents throw their garbage beside these areas. The group also observed that there is no open spaces for children, the bar chart below shows the results of the structured interview which was made by the group to identify where the children are gathering and play. As mentioned before, the streets are considered to be open spaces where people to sit and gather.

It is noticable that the type of trees in these green areas, are mostly verticaly growing trees which are not benificial in providing maxmimam shade. In addition, some of these green areas have a level that is higher than the street and borded by small fences which limit interaction with33:the surrondings.

Figure Fenced green areas .

As aAuthors positive reaction, residents decided to fence these Source: areas and plant them in order to keep the place clean,

Solid Waste Managment The municipality is responsible for solid waste collection. The interviewees mentioned that before the January revolution it was collected two times per day but currently it is done only once a day. According to observations, some areas are suffering from insufficient garbage collector boxes, such as areas close to the vegetable market and near the collective housing. This result polluted and smelly areas. However, plastic sorting was As a positive reaction from residents they decided to fencein these areas and plant it and it is done by private comobserved two locations in order to keep the place clean (See Fig panies.

33), further more to provide them with

2. Solid Waste Managment The municipality is responsible of solid waste collection, the interviewees mentioned that before January revolution it was collected two times per day but currently it is done once a day. According to observations, some areas are suffering from insufficient garbage collector boxes , such as areas close to the vegetable market and near collective housing which result polluted and smelly area. However, plastic sorting was observed in two locations and it is done by private company.

Figure 34:

abandoned open Abandoned open spaces .

Source: Authors

spaces

Solid Waste Collection self management 11%

Municipality 89%

Solid Waste Mangement Maintenance for

channels

2 times daily 22%

vegetation.in contract some of these area are completely abandoned and empty places (See Fig 34) and residents are only through their garbage beside these areas.

The group also observed that there is no open spaces for children, the bar chart below shows the results of the structured interview which made by the group to identify where the children are gathering and play, more over as mentioned before that the streets are considered to be open spaces where people are used to sit and gather.

daily 78%

Solid Waste Collection Source: Structured interview with inhabitants by Authors Figure 35: Insufficient collection box Source: Author

OPEN

Figure 33: fenced Fenced greengreen areas .

Source: Authors

areas

plastic sorting in backyard of a building.

Link

Sorting for plastic bottles in the site can encour-

ageathe concept reaction of solid waste sorting and recyAs positive from residents they

Figure 36: Plastic sorting in backyard of a building.

Source: Authors

1.

Ope

2.

Soli

ttitude in awareness ttitude the in hough awareness n the face the yhough towards n the face eople are yrespecting towards eople The are ment. respecting individual ttitude in ment. nce of The the awareness individual in case of hough ncewhat of the me, is n the face ?in case of y towards me, what is eople are ?potentials respecting developing potentials ment.

The ls would developing individual eneral and ls would nce of the situation. eneral and in of willcase face situation. me, what is dentity by will face ?mation to dentity by nger on the potentials mation to increasing developing nger on the s attached ls would increasing eneral and s attached situation. will face dentity by

125 — Ibn Khaldoun, Tunis

Conclusion Ibn Khaldoun residents’ attitude in majority reflects a high level of awareness regarding the environment. Although the increased lack of services, and the neglection of the authority towards environmental maintenance, people are struggling to achieve their needs while respecting the natural and built environment. The quesSTRENGTHS tion is: will these individual actions remain in the abSTRENGTHS sence of the cial urban role offabric authorities?

And in area case that •offiThe of Ibn Khaldoun good in the these activities provides decreased by shading time, what isinner the future in • The urban fabric of Ibn Khaldoun area streets.

Ibn Khaldoun? provides good shading in the inner •

Environmental awareness for residents streets. in terms of considering air movement, • Environmental awareness residents vegetation and color paint for of buildings. in terms of considering air movement, vegetation and color paint of buildings.

STRENGTHS •

The urban fabric of Ibn Khaldoun area provides good shading in the inner streets.

•

Environmental awareness for residents in terms of considering air movement, vegetation and color paint of buildings.

SWOT analysis demonstrates potentials to upgrade Ibn Khaldoun, developing such environmental potentials would improve the standard of living in general and especially the economic and social situation. Otherwise Ibn Khaldoun could face a deeper problem of losing its identity by the rapid movement of deformation in order to achieve needs. ●

WEAKNESSES

WEAKNESSES • Accumulation of garbage in nodes and

open spaces because of shortage of garAccumulation of garbage in nodes and bage containers. open spaces because of shortage of gar• Lack of shading areas for pedestrians in bage containers. wide street and open spaces.

• Lack of shading areas for pedestrians in • Lack of maintenance for rain water chanwide street and open spaces. nel.

WEAKNESSES • Lack of maintenance for rain water chan• Building expansions have negatively afnel. fected natural lighting and ventilation •• Accumulation garbage in nodes Building expansions havethat negatively afin few cases of of buildings have and courtopen spaces because shortage of garfected natural lightingofand ventilation yards. bage in fewcontainers. cases of buildings that have court• yards.

Lack of shading areas for pedestrians in wide street and open spaces.

•

•

Lack of maintenance for rain water channel.

•

Building expansions have negatively affected natural lighting and ventilation in few cases of buildings that have courtyards.

OPPORTUNITIES OPPORTUNITIES • New channels for external private com• • •

panies for garbage sorting and recycling.

New channels for external private comPlenty of abundant open space that can panies for garbage sorting and recycling. be upgraded for different community Plenty uses. of abundant open space that can be upgraded for different community uses.

OPPORTUNITIES •

New channels for external private companies for garbage sorting and recycling.

•

Plenty of abundant open space that can be upgraded for different community uses.

THREATS • Deterioration of infrastructure mainteTHREATS

nance after revolution.

Deterioration of infrastructure mainteSpreading of diseases spreads due to nance after revolution. garbage accumulation in open spaces and • Spreading of diseases spreads due to streets. garbage accumulation in open spaces and • Thermal uncomfortable due to the climate streets. change in opens spaces, building and • Thermal streets. uncomfortable due to the climate THREATS change in opens spaces, building and • High voltage electrical cables near by the • streets.

Deterioration living areas. of infrastructure maintenancevoltage after revolution.

• High electrical cables near by the areas.

• living Spreading of diseases spreads due to garbage accumulation in open spaces and streets.

• •

•

Thermal uncomfortable due to the climate

126 — Integrated Case Studies

Development Line: Improving the Quality and Utilization of the Public Realm – Priority Project: Appropriating Open Space

ent days (week day/weekend); have clarified the neighborhood’s needs and weaknesses, it has also showed the resident’s needs. Further, it has identified the available resources and possible potentials in the area.

by Sana Kassouha, Mahy Mourad, Rasha Abodeeb, Mohamed Mahrous, Tariq Nassar, Eric Puttrowait

Social Motivation Through the observation phase the group found many abandoned or misused open spaces. These spaces, whether public or semipublic spaces, were considered as areas of strengths and weakness at the same time.The open spaces were regarded as a great potential that could be designed to fulfill the community needs. People’s attitudes towards the openspaces were quite inspiring.

The residents are planting in the semi-public spaces and sometimes fencing it with palm fronds ‘Gireed’, forming their own community garden. Observing the sidewalks and alleys, some residents were noticed sitting in and occupying the narrow streets with unconventional furniture (like plastic boxes,rugs..etc.) tositon. In search for some shade to sit under on sunny days, other small groups were gathering with each other chatting or play cards. The open spaces during the evenings are mostly used for car parking, with no social activity and not enough lighting. The interviews with the municipality and the community, supported the notion of using these open spaces appropriately.

Introduction The quality and utilization of the public realm within the Ibn Khaldoun area focuses on the open spaces inside the neighborhood with its two levels, semi-public and public. It deals as well with connecting the neighborhood with the outer context and other green potentials (the green park) across the highway as a future plan. The project action plan was identified based on the different needs and potentials in the Ibn Khaldoun area; unused public and semi-public spaces, lack of green and shaded spaces, and unsafe connections between the university and the student residency in the area. Flooding was also reported in the Southern part two times per year, which entirely blocks the metro line, the garbage collecting system in the streets, and open spaces which is considered a main cause for the blockage of the rain water network.

The project action plan is designed to enhance the quality and utilization of the open spaces, and improve the microclimate. The project proposes a new approach of integrated green infrastructure to achieve a sustainable neighborhood that is also connected with the surrounding context.

General Motivations Motivation The motivation behind selecting the Appropriating Open Spaces project varied between social and physical/technical motivations, and was based on many aspects varied between observations of the area at different times and interviews on different scales with both the community and the municipality. The observations of the area and its context through different times (day/night), on differ-

Technical/Physical Motivation Flooding is the major technical/physical threat to the area. There is major flooding two to three times per year. The floods prevent people from going out of the area and also block the metro to move through the area.

This problem has motivated the group to find a way to mitigate the effect of flooding on the area. A vision was formulated to solve the problems of open spaces concerning the floods through an interative approach.

Students’ Needs Talking to school students revealed more potential to reach comprehensive and integrative approach. Part of the vacant land in front of Ibn Khaldoun Elementary School is supposed to be a playground for students to

127 â&#x20AC;&#x201D; Ibn Khaldoun, Tunis

have their sports classes. After the revolution this playground turned into a dump area where construction left overs are thrown. The students now have their sports classes in another distant place. Furthermore, the university campus and ElMenzah neighborhood are located on the other side of the high way which acts as a physical separation from the Ibn Khaldoun neighborhood. As well it is considered unsafe for the students to cross the highway.

Semipublic

Context

Project outline 1.

Project Levels

Project Levels The project will be executed on three levels; the first level is focusing on the semi-public open spaces in the neighborhood, the second level is regarding the public open squares and the connectivity between them by the green infrastructure network, while the third and last level is concerning the outer context and the connectiv2.

Project Location ity with the park on the other side of the highway. Each Two locations were selected as pilot level has its own benefi ciaries/target groups as shown. project for execution; one semi-public

Public

The project will be executed on three levels; the first level is focusing on the semi-public open spaces in the neighborhood, the second level is regarding the public open squares and the connectivity between them by the green infrastructure network, while the third and last level is concerning the outer context and the connectivity with the park on the other side of the high way. Each level has its own beneficiaries\ target group as shown (Fig. 07).

space and one public space (Fig.07), as well the park across the high way is the selected location for the third level of the project to connect with the surrounding context.

Figure 07:Different usages of open spaces in Ibn Khaldoun and in the circles the selcted model areas Source: Author,2013

Project Location Two locations were selected as pilot projects for execution; one semi-public space and one public space. The park across the highway is the selected location for the third level of the project to connect with the surrounding context.

1.

2.

3.

Parking Private courtyard Semi-Public Public Space

Level II

Green network: connectivity between public open spaces

students

neighborhood residents

neighborhood residents

commuters, visitors

Beneficiaries

Outer context: connecting with the park

& Target Groups

Level III

Level I

29

different usages of open spaces in Ibn Khaldoun and in the circles the selcted model areas

Open spaces: semi-pulplic open inside the neighborhood cluster residents

children

scheme of the project levels Figure 08: scheme of the project Levels.

Source: Author,2013

3. Time Plan

. Worksho

128 — Integrated Case Studies

Concept of Green Infrastructure Network Green infrastructure is an approach that communities can choose to maintain healthy waters, provide multiple environmental benefits, and support sustainable communities. Perhaps the greatest value of an interconnected green space system is the financial benefit that may be gained when green infrastructure reduces the need for built infrastructure. When designed to include stream networks, wetlands, and other low-lying areas, a city’s green space system can provide numerous stormwater management benefits including: storing, carrying, and filtering storm runoff. Another value of interconnected urban green space systems is that they can enhance city aesthetics, help shape urban form, and improve urban quality of life. Strategic design and placement of green space elements across the urban landscape can provide visual relief, separate incompatible land uses and complement the placement of buildings, roads, and other city infrastructure.

Vegetation When managed to maintain and restore natural ecological communities, city parks can help protect the biological diversity of local plants and animals. When connected strategically with riparian areas, wetlands, and other urban green spaces, the ecological value can far exceed the value of any one park. This is because isolated natural areas can “leak” native plant and animal species and suffer from the disruption of natural ecological processes, while connected parks can thrive as a wildlife habitat system and help to restore and maintain vital ecological functions and services. Increased vegetation is also consdered as a main target for the project since it could strongly enhance public life in open spaces. Vegetation in an urban area could shade streets to protect the residents from the sun incidence, and provide a comfrotable microclimate for residence.

Water Management Unlike single-purpose gray stormwater infrastructure, which use pipes to dispose of rainwater, green infrastructure uses vegetation and soil to manage rainwater

where it falls. By weaving natural processes into the built environment, green infrastructure provides not only stormwater management, but also flood mitigation, air quality management, and much more.

Connection and Interactivity Between Levels Green infrastructure is supposed to strengthen the spatial conectivity between public open spaces wihin the targeted area. The connectivity could be on different levels; the spatial connection between open spaces could be done by green paths, which are shaded to enhance the walkability and social life, and also connected through unconventional infrasrtructre systems. The connectivity issue could take the form of connecting differnet areas through green corriders or parks. which could improve the physical connection between thsse areas.

Performance Indicators The performance of the different levels needs to be evaluated by specialized indicators. In the semi-public open spaces, these are: the progress of the variety of the users and the activities, trees density, the reduction of noise and amount of garbage in the street, the number of dysfunctional street lights, the number of the people who are walking on the streets compared to the people walking in the shade of trees, changing announcements on the interactive board. For evaluating the Green network the applicable indicators are: tree density, the variety and frequency of activity in open spaces, the amount of garbage in the streets and the gardens, and the microclimate. The efficiency of the metro line in regards of the flooding issue, reduction of the number of floods, the number of complaints per habitants to the municipality, the level of air pollution, and the microclimate, are the indicators for the third level.

Sustainability of the Project Workshops and activities raise the awareness of the students and the parents about the importance of clean open spaces and green spaces in the area. The next generation in the Ibn-Khaldoun neighborhood will be more responsible, and the environment will have more green-

129 â&#x20AC;&#x201D; Ibn Khaldoun, Tunis

in

n

Green that c tain h enviro sustai greate green benefi green need design wetla city's nume benefi and fi

Anoth green enhan urban of life of gre urban relief, uses a of bu infras

2. V

Green paths Parking Private courtyard Semi-Public Public Space open spaces network

Figure 11:Open spaces Network Source: Authors, 2013

When natura parks divers When riparia green far ex This is "leak"

130 — Integrated Case Studies

ery, an improved walkability, less noise, and less pollution. Hence, the most important factor for sustainability are the local inhabitants themselves.

Current status, physical seperation between Ibn Khaldoun and context

Trinity Park

Specific Motivation The recreational and social values of city parks are well known; however, linking parks, greenways, river corridors, and other natural or restored lands together to create an interconnected green space system provides far greater benefits for people, wildlife, and the economy. It helps connect people and neighborhoods, provides opportunities for exercise that can counter today’s trends in obesity and adult onset diabetes, and enhances emotional wellbeing by bringing nature “close to home.” The vacant land next to the Ibn Khaldoun Elementary School showed a high potential for creating a park that could ark foster the integration between the three different areas; the Ibn Khaldoun Neighborhood, Almenzeh Neighbourhood and the University campus. The former connection between the two sides of the park which were interrupted by the construction of the current highway, were another motivation to reconnect them again for the whole revitalization of the area. objectives The existing concrete storm water channel which collects water from the Northern part of the park and then delivers it to the conventional infrastructure network within the Ibn Khaldoun area which usually fails under the high pressure of storm water during the winter season. This situation imposed the possibility of taking advantage of the topography of the area to create a storm water basin within the proposed park in order to reduce the pressure over the existing infrastructure network. Another main objective for the project is the introduction of a green pedestrian bridge over the highway instead of the totally unused tunnel and bridge in the southern part.

This bridge will enhance the spatial continuity of the natural valley and would also ease the movement of high numbers of students crossing the highway in an unsafe situation. ●

k

Parking Private courtyard Semi-Public Public Space Parking Private courtyard Semi-Public Public Space

Proposed development, reconnect Ibn khaldoun with the University and form a countinuous park with the other side

Parking Private courtyard Semi-Public Public Space Parking

Proposed Development connectivity concept for the school yard in the Park Private courtyard Semi-Public

Public Space

Figure 17:Connectivity Concept Source: Authors, 2013 Figure 17:Connectivity Concept Source: Authors, 2013

57

proposed development for the school yard in the park Figure 20:Proposed Development for the school yard in the Park Source: Author,2013

59

57

131 â&#x20AC;&#x201D; Ibn Khaldoun, Tunis

Proposed ProposedPark Park

Park

School Water Basin Green coneection coneection University

Semi-Public space Public space

proposed park concept Figure Figure 19:Proposed 19:Proposed Park Park

Source: Source: Author,2013 Author,2013

5959

132 — Integrated Case Studies

Development Line: Fostering Social Infrastructure – Priority Project: Developing Social Street Network

by Abdalrahman Alshorafa, Aya Elwagieh, Mohamad El-Gamal, Sari Abdullah Fostering social infrastructure is an important part in the four proposed development lines for reaching a holistic approach for revitalizing Ibn Khaldoun, as it aims to enhance the tangible and intangible social infrastructure in the area. This part of research is demonstrats how a pilot social project could be devel- oped to work as a paradigmatic model for improving social life in Ibn Khaldoun, at the same time showing how this development line works in a homogenous framework with other development lines to achieve an integrated development approach for Ibn Khaldoun. Profound analyses for the current situation of social infrastructure determines the potentials possible to develop the whole community networking. Successful case studies in the global north emphasize the key role of fostering social infrastructure in developing communities. Within this development line, a Social Model will be developed to be applicable, replicable, durable, and flexible within the context of Ibn Khaldoun.

be highlighted. As shown in figure 07 ,Ibn Khaldoun social model will include three main parts; a social activities guidelines, organizational diagram and a procedural framework. Each of these parts will be illustrated later on according to a specific guideline, which will be illustrated in the next subsections. Moreover, the social network environment will be visualized in two zones and the street network linking them together as a pilot showing the possible events and activities that might take place inside. By this way, an illustration of the process and procedure framework that can be adopted by society will occur.

The Ibn Khaldoun social network model is developed to be presented to a CBO or the neighborhood committees as shown in figure 08 to be adopted and used to decide on the different activities and the way of management.

Afterwards it would be communicated to municipality and funding actors. This model will be integrated with the different development lines as the quality and utilization of the Public Realm development line that will focus more on the specific urban design of the small public and semi-public ones_ minor network_ inside the area.

In addition, it will act as a catalyst for connecting different visitors to the area and thus share in fostering SMEs inside the area. These new activities and fostered social interaction will attract more businesses.

Ibn Khaldoun Social Model

Vision In order to achieve the development line’s aim, it was essential to decide on the entry point to such policy.

Meanwhile, it was clear that working only on a specific space or activity inside the area without appropriating the network and creating the model for that will not be sufficient. For that matter, it was essential to work on a holistic model to control and facilitate the process of appropriating the social infrastructure, draw the society’s attention for such possibilities and propose a model on how to decide upon this. The intervention would be working on creating a social model for Ibn Khaldoun where the different deteriorated and abandoned lands inside and around Ibn Khaldoun and accessibility will

Activity & Space-Selection – Guideline After monitoring potential spots in the area, stakeholders will have to select the best activity for the place using guidelines for activity selection. On one hand, defining physical characteristics of a space in terms of the ownership and carrying capacity of the space. It is crucial to decide how the space will be assigned to a usage either open to the public or semi-public. It is worth mentioning that urban public spaces including streets, squares, and parks are generally open and accessible by public.

While Semi-Public spaces are coined to refer to places that appear to be public spaces surrounded by buildings on three sides and street in the fourth, but have the key

133 â&#x20AC;&#x201D; Ibn Khaldoun, Tunis

elements of public space stripped away.

Additionally, defining the connectivity and accessibility of a space from and to the surrounding will help to identify and appropriate the visual and physical design or use of it adequately. On the other hand, identifying the intangible characteristics of the space, in terms of; surrounded uses, user groups, space usage, and space condition will help determining the activities and appropriating the design accordingly.

Oraganizational Diagram After identifying an intervention area, the neighborhood committee has to start pinpointing the input of the process in the Organizational Diagram as shown in figure 10. these inputs can be beneficial for managing the project while filling the procedural framework for the next phase. Starting by identifying the physical poteintals of the spaces which can be developed for implementing social activites. Afterwards, identifying actors engaged in the process is an essential step. In general, actors include people who will design, support , or maintain the program, or who are affected by the program activities or evaluating results. Actors could include also the hosting institutions and the legal bodies that will work to formalize the project. After that, searching for possible funding bodies is a crucial input not just to be determined, but also to think about its durability to ensure the sustainability of the project. Finally the committee has to search for an effective method to plan and implement the project and ensure social integration and participation of all actors.

Procedural Framework Setting a procedural framework for the process is essential to arranging the tasks and phases of the project. After the intervening project selection phase and identifying the process input, a preparation phase has to start by identifying the actors and preparing preliminary alternatives for the design. After that, the community has to be introduced to the project and preliminary alternatives in order to give feedback for preparing the Design phase. Multi-rounds of designing events done by the community members along with professional in the field has to be done in order to reach the final design.

Finally, the neighborhood committee has to find a funding source for the project. During the process of design till completion of the project, monitoring and feedback session has to be conducted by the actors to ensure the sustainability and durability of the project.

Pilot Social Network After selecting the potential public spaces that could be developed as a case study for the proposed social model, the phase of selecting the most suitable social activity will take place. This phase is dependent on the activity selection guidelines that we mentioned before. These guidelines are mainly dependent on the nature of the surrounding usage for the selected social space, the original usage of the space, user interacting with it and the current situation. These activity drivers will then determine the most suitable social activities, one or more such as social, cultural, mental or physical recreational activities. For instance location C in the diagram shows where the school

diagram showing the four main development lines for revitalizing Ibn Khaldoun with the social infrastructure line highlighted Figure 01:Diagram showing the four main development lines for revitalizing Ibn Khaldoun with the social infrastructure line highlighted Source: Author

Ib a fr ac m ap in d ec d Ib p o S d g d

134 â&#x20AC;&#x201D; Integrated Case Studies

different social activities sitting areas

children playground Vegetation/Garden educational social areas map showing social street connections between the potential social areas and the proposed activities in Iben Khaldoun

135 — Ibn Khaldoun, Tunis

is located, the proposed activities will be open classes for students, playgrounds for children and siting areas for families and the surrounding inhabitants. The main three locations will be profoundly explained in the next chapter.

Taking into consideration the existing green elements as important factors in accommodating the spaces for social interaction. Hand in hand with the green network proposed by Urban Realm Group, the green network can enhance the social quality and connections with other social spaces throughout a well designed and shaded pedestrian line that we call here the social nexus or street social network.

As explained earlier, the proposed main network will connect the most important public social spaces. This network will work on integrating different layers of society from school students south of the site, inhabitant from Ibn-Khaldoun, youth and university students from north of the site. In addition the network will connect different visitors to the local market.

Smaller social networks are proposed to connect the semi-public and private social areas, which because of their size and location, are more suitable for onlu Ibn Khaldoun inhabitants.

The integration of the proposed public spaces by the group Urban Realm, with the social network proposed by our group and this is important for explaining more detailed the overall structure for the integration of the different development lines.

spot a surroundings

Figure 13: Spot A surroundings.

Source: Authors.

Spot a This part of research aims to illustrate how the social model could be practiced on the ground. Using the proposed Activity Selection Guidelines, Spot A was chosen as a starting point for the pilot project to foster social infrastructure in Ibn Khaldoun. Spot A is a park with amphitheater allocated around university student dorms and normal residential blocks. Moreover, the elaborated site profile of spot A reflects the high potentials of the place: the site is accessible by pedestrians, cars, and metro lines, additionally the site’s ownership belongs

atmospheric visualization of spot a, after intervention.

to municipality, and considered as a public space, which will facilitate legalizing the proposed Model, by havIbn Khaldoun Social Model ing the municipality on the round table of negotiations.

5.

Spot A Originally the space was designed to be a public park, butpart theof space currently The main objecThis research is aims to illustrate abandoned. and competitions in collaboration with how the social model could be practiced andfacilitate municipaity tive is to reuse the abandonedresidents, publicprofessionals, spaces to on ground. Using the proposed Activity representatives. holding eventsSpot involving different user groups.

Selection Guidelines, A was chosen to be a starting point of the pilot project to The proposed scenario is originated from a profound foster social infrastructure in Ibn-KhalFigure 15: Organizational Diagram of spot A. doun.

Spot A as shown in figure 13 is aactors, analysis that determines methods, and possible Source: Authors. park with amphitheater allocated around funds needed to implement the project. Ibn Municipality Khaldoun university students dorm and normal res(Formalization, Prof. idential blocks. Moreover, the elaborated inhabitants-especially youth have a key role involved support...) site profile of spot A reflects high potenwithin the inwhole rep- retials of the place, terms ofprocess, accessibility;as a user group, youth Youth Center (Host Institute) the site is high accessible by pedestrians, cars, area which is surrounded sents presence in this by and metro lines, additionally the site’s Academics studentbelongs dormitory, in addition to the youth center ownership to municipality, and (ProfessionallocatSupervision) considered a public space,Youths’ which willrole is not limited to be a user ed nearasthe space.

Students facilitate legalizing the proposed Model, (Particigroup, but as an essential workby having the municipality on the round partner in the process,pants) table of negotiations. Originally the space shops, and competitions to be organized and managed Residents Open Park was designed to be a public park, but as a (Participants) Selected by them.

Bottom-up approach is guaranteed by making current condition, the space is abandoned (Fig 14, illustrates spot A site profile). The main objective is to reuse the abandoned public spaces to facilitate holding events, involving different user groups.

The proposed scenario is originated from

Potentials

Actors

136 — Integrated Case Studies

use of the existing social infrastructure – youth center – as a host institute embraces workshops, campaigns.

It is worth to mention that the proposed outcome is a Social Model not a fi xed design, the Model is designed to be applicable, flexible, and replicable to the context of Ibn- Khaldoun. In addition, the process is designed to be durable as residents will be the main actors energizing the process. As an example to apply the social model, a scenario is drawn to propose some activities and events in the space. Making use of the existing open theatre in the place, many cultural and artistic events are to be created such as: poetry arenas, music concerts, sheep fight arena....est. These events will attract different user groups and as a result will renforce the vitality of the place.

Free Wi-Fi zones, sitting areas, bistros, and kiosks will be introduced as an economic activities – which might be fully or partially granted by the municipality or Micro Loan Office initiated by the Small and Medium Enterprises development line – to ensure the permanent vitality of the place, in addition to the other temporary events. As a direct outcome of this intervention, various targeted groups from Ibn-Khaldoun and even outsiders will find a place to interact. Economic activities would increase job opportunities for the people in Ibn-Khaldoun as well.

Path B This Pilot project is not limited to creating livable spaces, it is more about connecting these spaces. Street vitality has a significant role in fostering social networking, it insures a diverse mix of user groups, commercial uses and social activities. A Street with blank walls is defi- nitely different from one with shops, displaying merchandise and seating creating a comfortable place to walk and sit. In terms of networking, streets should include calm traffic, that improves both a street’s balance between pedestrians and vehicles and creates a community-friendly street environment, where it is easy to cross from one side to the other, adding to the overall feeling of safety.

Path B was chosen as a part of the proposed scenario to connect several spaces such as Spot A and C. Due to

criteria to choose street network, Path B displays high potentials by providing vitality, physical dimensions, diversity of usage, and connecting important nodes. In addition, the path is designed within the green network proposed by Public realm development line.

Four main aspects were taken into consideration when creating a scenario for path B: enhance outdoor economic activities, develop the streetscape, introduce occasional events, and guarantee the durability of the process. Outdoor economic activities such as outdoor cafés, or vendors’ area would enhance vitality of the street, as well as promote the economic level of the residents in Ibn-Khaldon. These activities could be funded by the Private Sector or Micro Loan Office program as it is back profit activities. Streets should include infrastructure designed to accommodate the different proposed activities such as sitting areas, greenery, paving, appropriate sidewalks, bicycle lanes, and way-finding signs are needed to attract users taking part in the activities. Involving people within the process would develop a strong sense of ownership that would in turn result in a positive and active improvement and maintenance, actions such as Cleanup Day, or Tree Day would bring the different groups of the community together in an integrated effort to keep their street getting better and assure durability of the process. Preparations for these actions such as workshops, meetings and lectures hosted under the umbrella of CBO in cooperation with the municipality would ease the legalization process and in addition provide the technical support.

Ibn K

Stee Netw

Select

spot C surroundings

Pote Figure 20: Atmospheric visualization of Path B, after inter-

Figure 21: Current situation of Path B, before intervention

137 â&#x20AC;&#x201D; Ibn Khaldoun, Tunis

Spot C Spot C to be the second space location is surrounded by a primary school and residential blocks. It is accessible by pedestrians, cars, and metro lines, and is primarily used by students. Like the majority of the public spaces in Ibn Khaldon, the space is owned by the municipality.

Applying the Social Model in spot C reveals the flexibility of the model, as it can be applied to different actors and user groups and proposing various activities. The proposed scenario for Spot C illustrates how the schools can play a key role in raising public awareness within the community. The School, as a host institute, can open its library to serve workshops and competitions; in addition it can provide academic support through its teachers and experts. By taking part in workshops and competitions, students are active participants in the process. Such framework roots in the meaning of participation for students, who will be the the active creators of the future and so ensure the durability of the model.

Open door classes, creative spaces, and an open door library are the main proposed activities in spot C. These activities break the routine in the educational process for students, as well as attracts different target groups outside of the school, different programs introduced to fulfill the gap between their desires to learn and the realization. To insure social integration, proposing other elements such as cafĂŠ, green plot, shaded sitting areas and playing area, will attract different user groups.Such

proposals could be sponsored by public sector along with the municipality which will have responsibility to legalize and ease the formalization process.

spot C surroundings

atmospheric visualization of spot C, after intervention

8. Sustainability of the Model While looking into the notions of social infrastructure and the current social network in Ibn Khaldoun, it was essential to provide a holistic and flexible system that can deal with different social aspects, and could be adopted by a managerial body. Flexibility of the proposed model ensures the ability to accommodate any kind of space, activity, actors... etc. as elaborated before in the pilot examples. Being adopted by the Community-Based Organization and involving the community during the early stages of the decision making process, the model will ensure enhancing the relations between residents themselves and towards the place that they are living in. By both means, social infrastructure in the area will be fostered.

As mentioned before, different development lines interlink with the social infrastructure model in order to have a holistic revitalization approach. For instance, the street network accompanied with different activities will foster the small and medium enterprises inside the area.

Moreover, it will emphasize on the green network proposed by the appropriating open saces development line.

Finally, adopting this model works hand in hand with enhancing local governance as it is based on a bottom up approach by the community or CBO. â&#x2014;?

06 â&#x20AC;&#x201D; Electives

140 â&#x20AC;&#x201D; Electives

141 â&#x20AC;&#x201D;

Selected Topics on Urbanism Elective, WS 2013/14 Prof. Dr. Yehya Serag Prof. Dr. Mohamed Salheen Prof. Dr. Youhansen Eid Dr. Marwa Khalifa Dr. Marwa Abdellatif Prof. Dipl.-Ing. Ingo Helmedag

The outline of the elective this year was designed to include four main tracks: Regional level track, City level track, Neighbourhood level track and the Miscellaneous issues track. Each track was coordinated by a staff member who organized the flow of the elective throughout its duration. The coordinator acted both as a track coordinator but also as a supervisor for the topic of research selected by the student. In some cases, other staff members, based on their specialization, were invited to supervise the students. In principle the selected topics of urbanism were related directly to the general point of research for the master theses of the students. The students selected a related part to their thesis either from their theoretical background or intended case study and conducted a preliminary research on that which was guided by the staff above. Regular feedback sessions were held either face to face or via Skype with the supervising staff. The final conclusion of this elective came both in the form of a paper and a presentation of the topic which was presented to the two coordinators in charge of organizing the elective. â&#x2014;?

142 — Electives

Israeli Planning Practices and Split Citizenship in Jerusalem

by Tariq S. Nassar Introduction Jerusalem is a city of many contrast and dichotomies. It is a important historical and symbolic city, cherished by the three main religious groups: Muslims, Christians, and Jews. In national, cultural and social perspectives, the city is fundamentally divided between Jews and Arabs, ultraorthodox and secular Jews, and lower and upper statues groups. The major and most crucial conflict in Jerusalem is the one between Israeli – Jews and Palestinian – Arabs.

Two main different groups, characterized by different histories, languages, culture, regions, and national aspirations, conflict with each other (Hasson, 1996). The power and space is playing the role of controlling and shaping the city. Translating the regime power into plans, institutions, discourse and spatial change (Yiftache,2006).

In 1967, after Israel occupied the West Bank in the six days war and annexed around 70.5 sq km to their territory, and most of this area was included to Jerusalem municipality boundary, after the war was finished, Israel claims that Jerusalem is an open city, buttressed by levels of economic and security cooperation between the two parties (Israel, Palestine). The Palestinians remaining in Jerusalem were protected by the International Hu- manitarian Law (IHL) Because of the annexation was contravenes by the UN members and the UN Security Council (Ocha, 2009). The Israeli Government at that time granted the Palestinian Jerusalemites a permanent status and offered them the right to apply for Israeli citizenship, but the Palestinian at that time refused to apply for it (Barakat, 2012). Urban planners, in an occupied country or city like Jerusalem have to be at the forefront of suggestions, empowerment, strategies, and creativity, based on their visions through working with the hegemonic power on the land (Yiftachel). The different strategies and policies in East Jerusalem; planning practices combined with laws and regulations for Palestinians with the restrictions on permanent resi-

dence to exclude them from their city or changing their identity. In the past decade the number of Palestinians acquiring Israeli citizenship has increased; why have the Palestinian Jerusalemites changed their stance from refusing Israeli citizenship?

Palestinians with Jerusalem ID Card Approximately 360,000 Palestinians hold Jerusalem ID, and they have a permanent residence to live and enter the city (Att, Alyan, Sela, & Pomerantz, 2012). This permanent residence depends on the actual stay in Jerusalem and it’s less secure than citizenship. The Israeli government has dealt with the Jerusalemites since 1967 as foreign immigrants who have freely chosen to go and work in Israel from any other country, and they can apply for Israeli citizenship (Marzano, 2007). Until 2002, the nationality was written on the Jerusalem ID as “Arab” but has since been abolished without a replacement to specify citizenship. Currently there is no specific citizenship displayed on the ID (Unies, 2007).

As a family residing with Jerusalem ID, they must live in the city under specific restrictions and circumstances that are related to other policies. Their children will receive a permanent residence as well, and they have the right to apply for Israeli citizenship without serving in the Israeli army such others who came to work and live in Israel, which could lead to increased opportunities for Palestinian Jerusalemites to become Israeli citizenship holders by a kind of facilitating the process for Palestinian applicants.

Social, Economic, and Political Rights A permanent residence actually living in East Jerusalem has the right to Israeli health insurance and social welfare with specific institutions services within municipality boundary, which is defined only for Palestinian Jerusalemites inhabitants. Moreover Jerusalem ID holders can work and buy properties in Israel, and pay taxes as well (Diakonia, 2013). These kinds of benefits to “Inevitable facts” as the previous mayor described it, Teddy Kollek, who governed the city of Jerusalem for 29 years (Yiftachel, 2006).

143 — Selected Topics on Urbanism Jerusalem - boundary annexation at 1967

Jerusalem - boundary annexation at 1967

The family reunification and marriage for Jerusalemites to those of a different citizenship – West Bank ID, or Palestinian refugee with Jordanian Passport- was under strict scrutiny by the Ministry of Internal affairs. In 2002, the government of Israel froze all family reunifications files, and even between the Israeli citizenship with other residency “Temporary Order.” Temporary Order affected many families in Jerusalem. In 2005, the reunification files were opened again. However, the procedure was, and still is administratively complicated, expensive and often requires the services of a lawyer (Unies).

Palestinians in Jerusalem with their permanent residence in Jersualem have the right to vote in local Israeli elections but not in Israeli parliament or the Knesset.

However most of the Palestinians in Jerusalem are not exercising this right because of the social stigma in their culture and believes. However, they used to have the right to practice and to take part in the political life Green Line Green Line 1948 Green Line 1948 of the Palestinian Authority. In 2001, when the Israeli Jerusalem boundaryMunicipality boundary Municipality boundary Municipality boundary Jerusalem - Settlements Construction annexation at 1967Map government closed the official Palestinian Figure 1; Jerusalem - boundary at 1967Figure 1; Jerusalem -institution boundary annexation atin 1967- Map source:(IPCC, 2011), (Edited annexation

by Author, 2013 ) Map source:(IPCC, 2011), (Edited by Author, 2013 ) Jerusalem, and they cut off the official link to the Palestinian Authority to participate in any political life with the other side and they highly limited their participation with security restrictions (Diakonia).

Jerusalem - Settlements Construction

evolution of Israeli Planning policies in Jerusalem “ 30% arabs to 70% Jewish ” The Israel planning policies in Jerusalem aimed to enlarge the municipality boundary by as much land as possible, and by using hidden and clear planning tools and statement to weaken and segregate the Palestinians communities in Jerusalem. The main aim was trying to control the national Demographic in Jerusalem (Thawaba, 2011). In 2004, the Jerusalem Municipality officially declared the first comprehensive Master Plan for whole Jerusalem called the Jerusalem Master Plan 2000 with a clear written Ethnic Demographic Policy statement “30% Arabs to 70% Jewish“ (Kulka). Short and long term policies were applied in Jerusalem by Israeli government for controlling the national demographic within the city.

These policies have shaped the city on different aspects, even splitting the same community’s identity to a differ-

Israeli settlements Green Line 1948 Municipality boundary Figure 2; Jerusalem - Settlements Construction- Map source:(IPCC,Israeli 2011), (Edited by Author,Israeli 2013 ) settlements

Jerusalem – settlements construction map

Green Line 1948 Municipality boundary

Figure 2; Jerusalem - Settlements Construction- Map source:(IPCC, 2011), (Edited by Author, 2013 )

settlements

Green Line 1948 Municipality boundary

144 — Electives

ent citizenship for more spatial, culture, and social segregations within Jerusalem.

Long-term vision Policies There are two major types of long-term vision policies that have been applied in Jerusalem by the Israeli government and it’s still in process. The first major policies are related directly to physical urban implications within the city by Land confiscation for building new Israeli settlements or for national park proposals. The second major policies are related indirectly to urban implications “administrative restrictions“ by unequal budget between East and West Jerusalem from the municipality, totally missing out the outline plan for Arab areas which led to constraints of obtaining building permits, house demolitions, movement restrictions “center life policy”, and finally offering Israeli citizenship to Palestinians. All these policies controlled the natural growth rate of Palestinians in the city and shaped the spatial relation between the urban fabrics and the outer context within time.

Unequal budgets by Jerusalem Municipality The annual budget of Jerusalem municipality is distributed so that 12% of the total amount of municipal budget is spent in East Jerusalem despite it housing 38% of the population. The latest statistics of the Israeli National Insurance Institute shows the increasing poverty rate in entire Jerusalem district. Over 78% of Palestinians adults and 84% of children are suffering and living below the poverty line, compared to 22% and 16% respectively in Israel proper. There is no official data on employment rate amongst Palestinians in East Jerusalem; statistics compiled by the Israel authority do not differentiate between Arabs and Jewish residents. The Jerusalem Institute for Israel Studies (JIIS), does present data on the percentage of Arabs and Jewish residents, age 15 and over, who are engaged in a full time or part time employments. These data indicate that 40% of male Arab are unemployed or do not participate in the labor market, while amongst the female Arabs the percentage is drastically higher with approximately 85% of female

Palestinians not participating in the labor market of the district (Att, 2012).

The unequal budget by Jerusalem municipality over decades between East and West Jerusalem created a gap in all aspects of life and living conditions. The main phenomena appeared in Arab areas is development of slums. Over 60% of houses in East Jerusalem do not meet standards for sanitation and water provision. In addition, the shortage of all infrastructure services in these areas, only three offices of Welfare in East Jerusalem are handling roughly a third of Jerusalem’s population, comparitively 18 Welfare offices operate in West Jerusalem. Shortage of class rooms and preschools in East Jerusalem over decades, has resulted in only 60% of children completing a 12 years of education. The facilities services in Arabs area in East Jerusalem have always been insufficient (Chiodelli, 2013).

In summary, the municipality neglected East Jerusalem over decades, which is reflected in the living condition of Palestinians and affects their life if they want to continue living in Jerusalem under all the pressure of insufficient services and shortage of employment.

Difficulties of obtaining building permits The missing local outline plans for development in Arab localities is the mainly due to the problem of obtaining a building permits. The Arab localities in East Jerusalem have undergone, over the years, a gradual of change from the shape of rural village fabric to a dense urban fabric, with no change in the municipality strategy. This process of urban transition was not accompanied by proper planning procedures that meet the needs of the population. The municipality has led to a situation in which there is a lack of housing for two main groups in Arab localities; The first group are residents who own land but are located outside the area zoned for development; The second group are residents who do not own land and are unable to purchase land for building a home. Over the last decade, The Ministry of Interior have been the responsible for planning procedure in the Arab localities, but they have not succeeded in addressing the housing problem in these areas (Kulka 2012).

145 — Selected Topics on Urbanism

Construction of Separation Wall, 2002 Annexation of West Bank land beyond the municipality border

The existence of outline plans for Arab localities is the first step to apply for a building permit. In the beginning of 2000, the Minister of Interior has launched a new project for the “Advancement of outline planning in the non-Jewish sectors“, starting with approximately 33 Arab localities, and later on expanded to 66 localities. The project was planned to be finished in just a few years, and after twelve years only half of these Arab localities outline plans have been approved. Preparing outline plans is a very long and complex procedure to meet the legal framework of the state and already existing residents are living in these areas. In addition, the prepared outline plans for Arab localities have not provided any response to the unique characteristics of each locality, especially the natural growth of these localities and unrealistic prediction of housing employment needs. Moreover, the internal migration is not addressed in the any prepared outline of Arab localities, even in the case of relatively large localities with an urban character (Kulka 2012).

Because of the difficulties of obtaining a building permit and due to the lack of feasible alternatives, over the decades, many of the Palestinian residents risk building on their own without a permit in order to meet their own needs and natural growth (Ocha, 2009). Between 20052009, only 13% of the Jerusalem housing units granted a building permit with an average of 11 sqm of housing per residents, compared to 20 sqm in Jewish sectors (Att, 2012).

The Constrains of obtaining building permits was one of the municipality policy to limit the Arab expansion in Jerusalem, which led to illegal buildings. The new generation of Palestinians in East Jerusalem who cannot afford to buy the very limited and expensive house units or even renting it, have moved out of Jerusalem boundary to live close to the city in the West Bank area. This phenomenon was one of the solutions to continue living near Jerusalem at the same time having the access to enter the city and to work there. The displacement of Palestinians continued until the Israeli government created a new policy at 1996 called “Center of life policy”.

Figure 6; Annexation of West landSeparation beyond the municipality border 2002 - source:(IPCC, 2012) construction ofBank the Wall, 2002 – annexation of the West Bank land beyond the municipality border

Construction of Separation Wall, 2002 Exclusion of Palestinian Neighbourhoods outside Jerusalem Boundary

the Separation Wall in Jerusalem Self Directed Study

Msc. Integrated Urbanism and Sustainable Design “IUSD”

University of Ain Shams, University of Stuttgart

Figure 7; Exclusion of Neighbourhoods outside Jerusalem Boundary 2002 - source:(IPCC, 2012) exclusion ofPalestinian Palestinian neighbourhoods outside Jerusalem

boundary 2002

146 — electives

Center of Life Policy In 1996, The Ministry of Internal Affairs (Israel) developed a new Policy: “Center of Life Policy,” which the Palestinian residents should continually prove that they are residents that physically live and work within Jerusalem municipality boundary. Each time the residents want to renew their ID or travel document they have to produce documentations; e.g. land-line phone bills, electricity bills, Property tax bills. To get these documents could fail especially if you are not living physically inside the boundary of Jerusalem municipality. If a Jerusalemite travelled to another country for any reason and doesn’t show up to the Ministry of Internal Affairs (Israel) within seven years, it may ultimately result in the revocation of their Jerusalem permanent residence ID. The center of life Policy doesn’t apply to a resident who has chosen to become a Israeli citizenship holder (Barakat).

In addition, Israeli government applied movement restrictions on Palestinian Jerusalemites. As permanent residence holders they cannot work outside Israel boundary to make them isolated from West Bank. At the same time moving and travelling between Jerusalem and other Palestinian city in West Bank area has threats of harassments at the checkpoints, or when they travel at Ben Gurion Airport (Tel Aviv) or any border exit, they are facing difficulties because of their identity as Palestinian Jerusalemites. A new movement restriction had been added recently to those with the Palestinian‘s Jerusalem ID in July 2013; a trial period of two years as well as limiting the validity of the current ID cards for a period of ten years; a new biometric IDs could support the policy of revoking Jerusalem residencies, as they will make it easily possible to monitor the movement of Palestinians through checkpoints. That is how the Israeli government can be able to check if the residents are living outside the city and can easily approve it. Renewing this new kind of ID for Palestinians is a new measure, which could help to control and to meet the main goal of national demographic policy in the city (Yves, 2013).

Offering Israeli citizenship For the past decade, there is a new trend spreading quietly in Jerusalem; Palestinians are acquiring Israeli citi-

zenship, and getting more involved with West Jerusalem daily life; shopping in Israeli malls, restaurants, and sending their children to Israeli educational institutions (Barakat). Palestinian Jerusalemites trying to improve and upgrade their status after a long wait for supports by the Palestinian Authority, so they decided to look for their individual benefits, civil rights, and stability. There are 3,374 East Jerusalem Residents who acquired a full Israeli citizenship in the last ten years (N. Hasson, 2012).

The decrease of East Jerusalem residents receiving the Israeli citizenship in the last two years was not due to a decrease in the number of requests, but it’s a slowdown within the Ministry of Internal Affairs (Israel), and the Ministry admits that the rate of requests exceeds the rate at which the Ministry dealt with (Hasson).

Palestinians in Jerusalem are living in an ever-changing environment that necessitates a constant revision of upcoming threats. A daily exercise for these residents of redefining home and fight from danger(Barakat, 2012).

There is a fear of losing their IDs’ every day, which without it they cannot enter the city. Israeli citizenship holders can live everywhere and they will not lose the right to enter the city, so this policy even could decrease the Palestinian presence in the city by living outside the city.

Moreover, splitting one community by different citizenship is dividing the communities in term of Palestinian identity, culture, and social aspect. Continuing to offer the Israeli citizenship could be one of the last options for Palestinians to have the right to the city. On the other hand, the Israeli government looked on this policy as one of many police to increase the number of holding the Israeli citizenship and to meet the main policy of national demographic in Jerusalem “ 70% Jewish to 30% Arabs “, which could be redefined as 70% Israeli to 30% Palestinians in term of citizenships.

Conclusion Detecting the detail concepts of dark or gray planning policies in Jerusalem is never an end in itself, but these policies could lead to changing the entire East Jerusalem homeland inhabitants to Israeli Identity holders (Is- raeli citizenship). One of the few options that is still offered by the Israeli goverment is for East Jerusalem residents

147 — Selected Topics on Urbanism

have is to apply for Israeli citizenship. The different policies that have been implemented in Jerusalem on long and short-term visions with keeping the Israeli citizenship works as a backup policy beside all other policies to shape new citizenship inhabitants.

On the other hand, splitting the Palestinians identity has two dimensions; it physically excludes the Palestinians from Jerusalem by their choices – they can live everywhere-, or consider themselves as Israeli inhabitants living in East Jerusalem, if they decide to continue living in the city. The Palestinians in Jerusalem are facing fateful decisions in their life and identity. To continue their life with fear of displacement as a permanent refugee mode of behaviour and isolated from their families in the West Banks, or to expell into West Bank cities or live abroad and lose the right to enter and live back again in the city. The third option remains for Palestinian is to apply for Israeli citizenship and live anywhere without losing the right to enter and live in the city. ●

Att, B., Alyan, N., Sela, R., & Pomerantz, A. M. (2012).

Policies of Neglect in East Jerusalem. Jerusalem.

Barakat, R. (2012). Quietly, East Jerusalem Palestinians acquiring Israeli citizenship. PalestineIsrael Journal.

Braverman, I. (2007). Powers of Illegality: House Demolitions and Resistance in East Jerusalem.

Law & Social Inquiry.

Chiodelli, F. (2013). Jerusalem Quarterly. British journal of anaesthesia.

Hasson, N. (2012). 3,374 East Jerusalem residents received full Israeli citizenship in past decade.

Haaretz Newspaper. Haaretz Newspaper.

Hasson, S. (1996). Local Politics and Split Citizenship in Jerusalem. International Journal of Urban and Regional Research,

tions that and long nd of percement.

7 0:3 0 J e w s

Israeli P

to

oli Ara ci e

s

Israel

Oren Yiftachel, H. Y. (2002). Planning a bi-national capital: should Jerusalem remain united?.

Tal Kulka, Efrat Cohen-Bar, S. K. (2012a). National Parks In East Jerusalem. Jerusalem.

Tal Kulka, Efrat Cohen-Bar, S. K. (2012b). Outline Planning for Arab Localities in Israel Outline Planning for Arab Localities in Israel. Jerusalem.

Thawaba, S. a. (2011). Jerusalem Walls: Transforming and Segregating Urban Fabric. African and Asian Studies.

Unies, N. (2007). the Humanitarian Impact of the West Bank Barrier on Palestinian Communities east Jerusalem. Jerusalem.

Yves, T. S. of St. (2013). The new biometric IDs will facilitate racial profi ling and violate the right to privacy of Palestinians in Jerusalem.

East Jerusalem

s li Policie

Obtaining Israeli citizenship Option (3)

Ocha. (2009). The Planning Crisis in East Jerusalem : Understanding the Phenomenon of “ Illegal ” Constmction. Palestine-Israel Journal.

Yiftachel, Oren. (n.d.). From Sharon to Sharon : Spatial separation regime in Israel / Palestine.

Exclude the Palestinians from their identity.

Isra e

Marzano, A. (2007). Citizenship in Israel: Borders, Land, and Ethnicity.

Yiftachel, O. (2006). Essay: Re-engaging Planning Theory?

Towards “South-Eastern” Perspectives. Planning Theory.

bs

o upgrade y limited. hip, while e of their

mensions; m by their em as Isecided to

references:

West Bank cities and abroad Losing Jerusalem ID Option (2)

Exclude the Palestinians physically from the city

Palestinians with fear of displacement Option (1)

analytical situation – available choices to Jerusalemites Analytical situation- Jerusalemites available choices - source ( Author, 2014)

148 â&#x20AC;&#x201D; Electives

149 —

Design Projects Electives, WS 2013/14

The ‘Design Projects’ module 2013/2014 was held on Djerba Island, as part of the elective modules hosted by ASU. This year, the module focused on two scales; the architecture scale and; urban planning and infrastructure scale. The two scales were run in the form of two parallel actions oriented two week crash courses. Students were free to choose from the two groups according to their preferences. The teaching staff included 3 professors and 2 teaching assistants from ASU, supported by two local professors (architecture and landscape), an architect from ‘Assidje’ (Island Protection Association) and three junior local architects. The local professors gave presentations on the urban development of the island, and the local landscape presented about the traditional building materials and techniques. They also guided the students to observe the architecture, urban planning and landscape on the island. The junior architects assisted the staff during their work on the island. They also helped in preparing the guide book, organising the field trips and workshops, and connecting the staff with local community members. In addition, the staff and students had several meetings with local officials, local architects and experts. The meetings were held at the Island Protections Association and the Cultural Centre in Djerba.

The group also visited some members of the local community at their homes. ●

150 — Electives

Design Projects: Architecture – Climate and Design in the MENA Region Elective, WS 2013/14 Prof. Dipl.-Ing. Ingo Helmedag Eng. Nashwa Emad Tunisian supporting team: Prof. Dr. Mouldi Chaabani, Nader Khelifi

The scope of the “Design Project’ elective on architectural scale was “Climate & Design in the Mena Region”.

The elective consisted of a lecture seried focusing on the topics of Climate, Design, Building Materials and Energy Efficiency and a “Design and Build” workshop unit.

Within the workshop unit we could realize a bench design for the local community within the cultural center on Hmout Souk, Djerba. The benches were built in one day with all students participating in the course. We decided to utilize local lime stone. The lime stones were roughly dressed and mortared as masonry, a traditional method of construction on the island of Djerba but nowadays it is only rarely used. The design, chosen and approved with the local community beforehand, grouped several benches in different heights around palm trees in the center of the courtyard of the cultural center. Old traditional cement tiles, found as dismantled material in a storage of the center, were integrated in in the design as a reminder of a wide-spread tradition. The built design was highly appreciated as a lasting contribution to the cultural center by the local community in Hmout Souk. ●

151 â&#x20AC;&#x201D; Design Projects: Architecture â&#x20AC;&#x201C; Climate and Design

digging the foundation

finishing signing

tiling finishes

the finished benches

preparatory design work before building

152 — Electives

Design Projects: Urbanism, Landscape and Infrastructure Elective, WS 2013/14 Prof. Dr. Mohamed Salheen Dr. Marwa Abdellatif Eng. Nouran Azouz Tunisian supporting team: Prof. Dr. Mouldi Cha’aban, Dr. Imène Zaâfrane, Aymen Gharbi, Molka Haj Salem

The main objective of the “Design Projects” elective on the “urbanism, and landscape and infrastructure” scale was to prepare students as international experts to conduct rapid urban profiling for complex systems including human settlements, economic development, landscape and infrastructure at both urban and regional levels.

To enhance their skills, students were encouraged to develop innovative and non-conventional mapping techniques and approaches that would match the conditions of the real setting. To achieve its objectives, this module did not follow the traditional pedagogical approaches.

Instead, this module was designed following the “Live Projects” format, in which students gain their learning experience by learning in “real life” settings with the ultimate aim of improving the life of “real people”. The process began with a one day of exploring the island, followed by one day extensive review of literature on the island in various disciplines. The third day was dedicated to a documentation excursion on the island. Based

on the photos taken, the literature reviewed along with experts and local community, a visual rapid assessment was developed. In the end, the students presented the findings of their rapid assessment of the island in a public session. The students had produced a visual catalogue on Djerba using the theme of dichotomies to express the ongoing urban and cultural integrated dynamics of the community. They reviewed the catalogue that they produced on the island with local architects, experts, investors and members of the local community, and negotiated their arguments on the future of the island. Copies of the final catalogue and post cards were distributed to local officials, experts and community members. ●

153 — Design Projects: Urbanism, Landscape and Infrastructure

‫ﺗــﺸــﺮﻳـــــﺢ اﻟــﺠــﺰﻳــﺮة‬ Anatomy of the Island

Negotiating the Future –Observations and visions of urban phenomena in Djerba

by Ayham Dalal, Dina Abdel-Rashid, Heba Badr, Mohammed Alfiky, Mohamed Mahrous, Sara Abdel-Meguid, Tariq Nassar and Wesam El-Bardisy Preface Islands are usually problematized for being confined, isolated and connected at the same time. This geographical particularity gained significance in Djerba throughout history. It was merged with the unique characteristics, culture and lifestyle of the inhabitants of the the island through time. This catalogue aims to provide an analytical brief of the island based on our research, experience and personal observations within a limited timeframe. The course of action included visits to different sites in Djerba as well as the exploration of empty

landscapes, seascape, and spaces that stand in between.

This conglomeration between a distinctive urban heritage and emerging developments, desert and sea, blue and white became for us, a motive to explore the reasons behind this uniqueness and consequently, question the future of the island.

With an emphasis on visual demonstrations, collages and illustrations, the catalogue portrays some of the interesting urban aspects spotted on the island. Starting with a general overview, the document tries to explain the historical and geographical reasons behind the particularity of the island. Subsequently, the apprehension of ‘dichotomy’ is being introduced to portray the island in contrast. This approach helps to shed light not only on the extreme cases but, to question the in-between state of matters. This approach is then being hard-pressed to the extreme in order to provoke the reader and raise awareness during the process of negotiating the future.

154 — electives

photocollage: Djerba Life

‫ترشيح جربة‬

Djerba Anatomy Skin ‫الجلد‬ Organs ‫االعضاء‬ Flesh ‫اللحم‬

19

Mellita

anatomy of the Island This part provides a general overview of the Tunisian island, Djerba. We perceived the island as a living organ.

Floating between land and sea, the island gained its particularity through its location, context and solitude. This particularity played a major role in influencing those who have inhabited the island, which further explains the architectural, urban and spatial distribution of the island. This has been illustrated in different collages that tries to capture the soul of the island, its membrane (the shores), and its organs and flesh (the inland).

‫مليته‬

Humet Souk

‫حومة السوق‬

El-Riadh

‫الرياض‬

Midoun

‫ميدون‬

El-May

‫املاى‬

Adjim

‫أجيم‬

Sedouiksh

‫سدويكش‬

Gallala

‫قالة‬

Ferry

)‫العبارة (البطاح‬

El-Kantara

‫القنطرة‬

14

‫مـوقـع جـزيـرة جـربة‬

Location of Djerba Island

Humet Souk

‫حومة السوق‬

Mellita

‫ املطار‬Airport Mezaria

‫مزراية‬

‫مليته‬

‫ تجارة‬Trade

‫ مركز‬State Culture

‫ثقافة‬

El-Riadh

‫الرياض‬

El-May

‫املاى‬

Tunis

‫تونس‬

Midoun Mahboubine

‫ميدون‬

‫ سياحة‬Tourism

‫محبوبني‬

‫ ثقافة‬Culture

Aghir Sedouiksh

Adjim

‫أجيم‬

Gallala

‫سدويكش‬

‫أغري‬

‫قالة‬

‫ مدخل‬Entrance

El-Kantara

‫القنطرة‬

Culture e ‫ ثقافة‬Cultur

)‫ العبارة (البطاح‬Ferry

‫مدخل‬

Entrance

‫القنطرة‬

El-Kantara

Djerba Island

‫جزيرة جربة‬

location of Djerba Island

11

Djerba anatomy

15

155 — ChapterProjects: Design / subjectUrbanism, Landscape and Infrastructure

‫الخلفية التاريخية‬

Historical Background

Attack

Bou Mesouer

‫هجوم‬

‫بو مسور‬

Humet Souk

18

‫حومة السوق‬

Sidi Jmour

‫سيدى جمور‬

El-Riadh

‫الرياض‬

Midoun

‫ميدون‬

Sedouiksh

‫سدويكش‬

Visual Signal Moghzal

‫مغزل‬

‫عالمة برصية‬

Gallala

‫قالة‬

Defensive Mosque

‫جامع دفاعى‬

Visual Network

‫شبكة برصية‬

12

‫شبكه دفاعية‬

Defensive Network

historical background

Outer Rings of Mosques

‫الحلقات الخارجية للجوامع‬

Outer network with inner network

Visual signal; fire, sun reflection

‫الشبكة الخارجية مع الشبكة الداخلية‬

‫عامه برية‬ ‫ االنعكاس الشميس‬،‫النار‬

Inner Ring of Mosques Visual Signal

‫الحلقات الداخلية للجامع‬

Inner links

‫الروابط الداخلية‬ Attack

network ‫شبكة‬

‫هجوم‬

Island + Communities

‫ املجتمعات‬+ ‫الجزيرة‬

Communities

‫املجتمعات‬

defensive network 13

156 — Electives

Authentic........Foreign

urban pattern in Mezraya

urban pattern in Terrain de Golf

Djerba through Dichotomies ‫ النسيج العمراين ىف مزراية‬Urban pattern in Mezraya Dichotomies are understood as a contrast between two 32 matters that are represented as being opposed or entirely different. In this part, we utilized the notion of ‘dichotomies’ to highlight on interesting urban topics in

Djerba Island. we‫اين يف‬try to capture these phenomena at Urban pattern in Terrain de Golf ‫الجولف‬As ‫موقع مالعب‬ ‫النسيج العمر‬ a certain time, we emphasize the idea that these dichoto33 mies along with the captured phenomena continuously undergo a process of formation and change.

local fisher-woman in Shikh Yehia

touristic center in Midoun ‫ مركز سياحي ىف ميدون‬Touristic center in Midoun.

‫ امرأة من جربة تعمل بصيد السمك يف الشيخ يحيي‬Local fisher-woman in Shikh Yehia.

35

34

traces of local fishermen cars on Djerba’s western coast as a result of their daily routes reaching the sea ‫ نتيجة رحلتهم‬، ‫ اثار عربات صائدي السمك املحلني بالساحل الغريب بجربة‬Traces of local fishermen cars on Djerba’s Western ‫ اليومية إيل البحر‬coast as a result of their daily routes reaching the sea.

golf course in Midoun

157 — Design Projects: Urbanism, Landscape and Infrastructure

Dispersed........Concentrated

Problematizing Dichotomies Dichotomies help to illustrate concepts through oppositions and contrasts but, in reality is it possible to draw borders between these concepts? In the next part we push reality to the extreme. Through a set of collages, we

try to question the urban future of the island and raise awareness amongst decision makers regarding their responsibility towards the development of the island.

Original pictures are de-saturated while fictional additions are left colored. ●

whereas Djerbian quietly fishingwoman – onwas thequietly west‫ علقت‬، ‫الشيخ يحيي‬a‫مبنطقة‬ ‫يف الساحل الغريب‬woman ‫تقوم امرأة بالصيد‬was ‫ بينام‬Whereas a Djerbian fishing ‫عىل متنها السائحني‬ ‫سفينتان سياحيتان‬ on the western shores of Sheikh Yahiya; a kitschyern shores‫السبخة‬ of ‫يف‬Sheikh Yahiya – a kitschy medieval-like touristic medieval-like touristic ships loaded with crew of tourists stuck inin thethe Sabkha. ships loaded with crew of tourists gotgot stuck Sabkha

‫ احــد املســاكن بالحــارة الكبــرية (الحــي اليهــودي) و هــو محــاط باألســوار‬A heavily fenced house in the Jewish quarter Hara lodges a ‫ـن‬ surveillance system to protect it from strangers Kbeira lodges a surveillance system toand protect it ‫ـوص‬ ‫الغربــاء و اللصـ‬ ‫ـزود بنظــام مراقبــة للحاميــة مـ‬ ‫املبالــغ فيهــا و مـ‬ and thieves. (The fence is real how)‫عليهــا‬ ‫ذلــك للتأكيــد‬ ‫باأللــوان و‬ ‫إظهارهــا‬ ‫حقيقيــة‬ ‫ ( األســوار‬from thieves (the fence is‫رغــم‬ real however, itstrangers is being colored here for

a heavily fenced house in the Jewish quarter Hara Kbeira

48

emphasis)

as the landscape stretches with authenticity – a fully glassed ‫ تظهر يف األفق واجهة زجاجية‬،‫ بينام ميتد املنظر الطبيعي املفعم باألصالة‬As the landscape stretches with authenticity;a fully facade skyscraper rises from theglassed horizon ‫لناطحة سحاب‬ façade skyscraper rises from horizon.

49

ever, it is being colored here for emphasis).

51

new urban development spatial distribution of ‫ألكواخ صائدي‬ ‫التوزيع الفراغي‬ ‫مستحدث عىل نفس نهج‬imitating ‫ تجمع حرضي‬Newthe urban development imitating the spatial distributionthe of fishermen huts on the shores behind ‫خلف‬the ‫الواقع‬shores ‫السمك عىل الساحل‬ fishermen huts‫املطار‬ on behind airport the airport.

52

07 â&#x20AC;&#x201D; Master Theses Abstracts

160 â&#x20AC;&#x201D; Master Theses

161 — Abstracts

Assessing Indoor Thermal Comfort of Residential Building Designs in Semi-Arid Climate The Role of the Building Envelope in Improving the Indoor Thermal Environment

by Abdalrahman H. A. Alshorafa supervised by Prof. Dr. Mohamed Salheen, Prof. Dipl.-Ing. Ingo Helmedag, Prof. José Moro This research discusses the influence of building envelopes upon the indoor thermal comfort of occupants in contemporary residential building designs, in the Jordanian capital – the city ofAmman was chosen as a case study for this research as a representative of semi-arid climate.

A combination of literature review and computer-based studies formed the research methodology. After discussing the current building techniques, improvement scenarios in the first phase were to target the insulation capacity of the main components of building envelope; roofs, and exterior walls, in relation to opening size. Two critical rooms (in terms of location and orientation) in the most critical periods of the year were chosen as a focus of the research focus. The research shows the results of 108 computer-simulated scenarios assessed upon the Predicted Mean Vote (PMV) index by Fang. Results proved that by increasing the thermal storage capacity of the fabric (by heavy weight materials) and reducing the U-value, decrement delay will exceed the daytime accumulation of heat inside the fabric and extend the process of releasing it on the long run. This is desired in wintertime, but still problematic for summertime. Therefore, the decrement factor and delay are particularly important to be reduced by means of balancing the insulation and thermal capacities. Advanced scenarios were proposed aiming to enhance the critical results. Results of proposed lighter fabric showed remarkable improvement of 0.07 PMV for northern space and 0.1 PMV for the southern space. Another improvement scenario was

modeled to applying shading systems to the newly proposed scenario, and results showed that values meet quit satisfying point, and reduce heat sense fluctuation to reach 1.5 instead of 2.1 before applying the shadings. ●

Community Based Security of Tenure (Initial Framework for Squatter Areas in Cairo)

by Mohammed Ahmed Abdulmoneim Alfiky supervised by Prof. Dr. Mohamed Salheen, Dr. Marwa A. Khalifa, Prof. Dr. Wolf Reuter The aim of the research is to highlight the problem of tenure security of land in squatter areas of Cairo (i.e. areas on former desert state land). The percentage of population of Greater Cairo Region (GCR) living in squatted areas is over 50% (Sims et al. 2003). The research is based on literature review for the theory of tenure security and its definition in the UN-habitat discourse and the international law. It also uses interviews with representatives of various Governmental bodies, international agencies, local activists & lawyers and residents of one of these areas. It illustrates the problem of tenure security of land in both the International Agreements and the Egyptian Laws besides, the Islamic Shari’a; as the Islamic Shari’a is the main source of legislation according to the Egyptian Constitution. The research studies three cases which attempted to secure tenure of residents in similar areas in Turkey and in Egypt. The case study of Turkey, is based on literature review and some interviews with experts of urban planning from Turkey. Two cases from Cairo are also studied using field research along with literature review and interviews with various state bodies. The three cases showed different perspectives when dealing with the tenure security problem. Security of tenure of land is a combined problem of housing policies, land management and deficiency of local administration system. The research will provide a brief insight on the problems of

162 — Master Theses

local administration and land management in Egypt and how they affect tenure-ship security of land. This serves as an initial framework for dealing with the problem of tenure security of land in Cairo’s squatter areas. ●

involved in the area. Ultimately, the research develops an integrated strategy for local development and heritage conservation in Egypt based on analyses of the gap and learning from successful case studies. Furthermore, an integrated strategic model for the main case study is proposed based on the examination of the Egyptian context and analyses of the case study area. ●

Understanding the gap between heritage conservation and local development in Egypt – Towards an integrated strategic model for Pompey’s pillar and the Catacombs area in Alexandria

by Mohamed Aniss Mohamed Abdelwahab ElGamal supervised by Prof. Dr. Mohamed Salheen, Heba Aboul-fadl, Dr. Nina Gribat, Dr. Helmut Bott

Real Estate Nationalism The Market Substitute for the Palestinian State

by Athar Mufreh supervised by Prof. Dr. Ayman Ashour, Assoc.

Prof. Dr. Yehya Serag, Dr. Nina Gribat

For decades, Egypt has been facing many challenges in the fields of heritage conservation and local development.

These challenges continue to increase due to rapid urbanization in historical cities thus resulting in the complicated juxtaposed contexts of heritage resources and deteriorated dwellings. This situation reflects the conflict between both practices in Egypt. It further indicates the incapacity of different stakeholders to deal with the complexity of such urban contexts. The main objective of the research is to understand the gap between development and conservation in Egypt and to develop an integrated strategy for both practices. In this regard, the relationship between them is thoroughly examined and linked to wider literature reviews. Afterwards, both practices are discussed in reference to a number of case studies in the Global South aiming to investigate the sucsessfull key aspects of the strategies applied. The research shifts to study the gap in Egypt by exploring its historical background.

Furthermore, the Egyptian administrative system that manages such contexts is reviewed. Subsequently, the thesis introduces the main case study in Alexandria, and provides profound analyses of its physical characteristics, socioeconomic patterns and different positions of actors

The aim of this research is to reveal the ways in which the market economy, and real estate developers in particular, are leading de facto in a Palestinian state building project. In the absence of a defined governmental planning vision and institutions, these land developers are creating a market-oriented notion of citizenship and identity practices tied to emerging urban brands.

This research focuses on understanding the ongoing urban transformations in the West Bank, especially the Ramallah Governorate, since the first Oslo Accord in 1993.

It looks at the ways in which the growing relationship between the private sector and the Palestinian Authority is inscribed in space and policy and analyzes geographical, urban, and architectural aspects, besides the interrelated practices that form and strengthen these aspects. The study aims to critically position the current economic investment in building construction, through reviewing complex historical events, and policies undertaken in the interna¬tional forums, particularly those which concern the growing influence of the private sector. The basic premise of this research is to investigate the economic reorientation which occurred after the first Oslo Accord, in order to find the links between evolving peace policies

163 — Abstracts

and the establishment of economized urban spaces by large real estate firms such as Massar, Bayti, Amaar, Ettihad, and Tabo, among others. ●

Landscape Aesthetics and the Introduction of Solar Energy Farms in the Western Desert of Egypt Visual Public Preference Evaluation in “Qarat Um Elsaghir” Village

by Aya Mossad Aly El-Wagieh supervised by Prof. Dr. Mohamed Salheen, Dr. Marwa Abdellatif, Prof. Antje Stokman Egypt has been struggling with an energy shortage recently that not only hit the remote and rural areas but expanded to include big urban cities as Cairo and Alexandria. Accordingly, the government started an energy sources diversification strategy to include renewable energy especially wind and solar. As a starting point they focused on electrifying the remote villages dispersed along the Western Desert oases by using P.V. solar panels. These projects vary between individual P.V. panels for the houses to centralized P.V. farms. These different scales will cause a significant physical alteration to the landscape and the image of the area. This interrelation between landscape and renewable energy has been discussed by researchers who acknowledged the importance of renewable energy adoption. However, they emphasized on the presence of an impact of these P.V. panels on the landscape especially on the visual landscape aesthetics and how people would perceive the place including the renewable energy layer. For that matter, evaluating the visual preference of the public towards the presence of the P.V. solar panels on the landscape and its perceived image is crucial. Reflecting on the Western desert which is rarely physically altered by man-made feature, the visual landscape aesthetic evaluation is necessary. In order to evaluate the visual landscape aesthetic, it was impor-

tant to apply the visual preference evaluation within a specified context in the Western desert, where the locality affect the public acceptance and thus shape the visual preference. In this thesis, the public visual preference of P.V. solar panels introduction is evaluated through different proposed scenarios, locations and P.V. options in one of the Western desert remote villages called “Qarat Um Elsaghir”.In this study, the public will pinpoint their tendencies towards the preferred P.V. solar system, the preferred locations and spatial conditions by which they would visually prefer the presence of the P.V. panels in their context. In addition, the thesis attempt to understand the different socio-demographic, psychological and spatial factors that shapes the visual perception of the public. Accordingly, a profound analysis and profiling to the context of the village was conducted. This research represents an investigative approach to evaluate the visual landscape aesthetic and shed light on the importance of this aspect and how it foster, promote, direct and contribute in a sustainable P.V. introduction inside the Western desert. ●

Camp Cities between Planning and Practice – Mapping the Urbanisation of Zaatari Camp

by Ayham Dalal supervised by Prof. Dr. Mohamed Salheen, Assoc. Prof. Dr. Yehya Serag, Dr. Nina Gribat, Omar Hallaj Camp cities are increasingly dotting the landscapes of the Middle East. The crystallisation of Palestinian camp cities into spaces of exclusion and marginalisation is the consequences of uncontrolled, unguided, and sometimes oppressed process of urbanisation. International attention towards this fact has resulted into a ‘paradigm shift’ towards human development and rights. However, without studying refugee camps as urban sites, this paradigm

164 — Master Theses

shift failed, and camp cities have been declared to be ‘no refuge’. With the escalating crisis of Syrian refugees, this research links and compares the fragmented documents, surveys and reports produced about the camp, with field observations and interviews in order to explain why and how Zaatari camp is urbanising and trying to become a city. Since urbanisation is a complex process; a focus on space, economy and power relations was chosen in order to provide a crisscrossing insight into this process.A synthesis of findings hasclearly revealed that while Zaatari camp became a field of tensions between a humanitarian agenda and a Syrian socio-cultural agenda; it has been rapidly and uncontrollably urbanising as a result of Syrian refugees who are eager to be a mere population of victims. The failure of the camp model to contain and steer an inevitable process of urbanisation urges the need to revise and restructure it, not as a state of exception; but as opportunities, developments and win-win solutions. ●

Marginalized Citizen and the Right to the City – The Egyptian Slum Upgrading Approach in Ashash al Sudan, Giza

by Daniel Koschorrek supervised by Prof. Dr. Ayman Ashour, Dr. Marwa A. Khalifa, Dr. Nina Gribat This research explores informal settlement upgrading of the Egyptian Informal Settlement Development Facility in ‘unsafe areas’ in regard to inclusion or marginalization trends. In order to examining these trends it utilizes ‘the Right to the City’ debate and the ‘de Soto formalizing paradigm’ as theoretical framework. On one hand it discusses ‘the Right to the City’s’ claims for a democratic urban governance as a conceptual tool to form a rights-based analysis, whilst on the other hand the ‘de Soto formalizing paradigm’ is employed to assess the states approach to formalize the informal settlements. In order to do so ‘The

Right to the City’s’ main claims; its legal implications and institutional approaches as well as conflicting rights within ‘the Right to the City’ are discussed. Further the main proposition of the ‘de Soto formalizing paradigm’; its implications on the function of property and the reduction of legal pluralism are highlighted. The study introduces the Egyptian, more specific the Greater Cairo context in describing planning paradigms, urban policies and politics in relation to the informal settlements. It examines the institutional setting and highlights the conflicts in the authorities and urban development aims. Further the legal framework considering the informal settlements is highlighted and connected to ‘the Right to the City’s’ legal implications.

The theoretical framework is used to analyse the slum upgrading approach of the ISDF in Ashash al Sudan, Giza.

The Ashash as area is described as basis for further analysis. In continuation it examines marginalization trends in the current and finalized upgrading as well as the marginalization of the not yet upgraded parts of Ashash al Sudan. The study discovers weaknesses in participatory approach, marginalization due to change in tenure, failure of complementary upgrading programs, unsuitable building and urban design and the provision of infrastructure.

It concludes in linking the findings to the wider debates and the wider context of Egypt. ●

Assessing The Potentials of Multi-functional Urban Agriculture in Egypt – Towards Cultivating The New Urban Settlements “The Case of Al Sadat City”

by Dina Mahmoud Abdel Rashid Noseir supervised by Dr. Marwa A. Khalifa, Dr. Marwa Abdellatif, Prof. Antje Stokman Urban agriculture has multifunctional potentials. Multifunctionality, as a concept, is argued to sustain urban

165 — Abstracts

agricultural practices. Multi-functionality supports the establishment of the roots of urban agriculture practice on the three poles of sustainability. This multifunctional uses can contribute to securing food production, providing additional income, and reshaping the development of urban settlements. However, one of the main hindering obstacles against practicing urban agriculture is the scarcity of land in the highly urbanized cities. On the contrary, new urban settlements are still developing, and have more capability to incorporating different typologies and multi-functional urban agriculture. Thus, this thesis assesses the potentials of practicing multifunctional urban agriculture in these new urban settlements: specifically in the case study area, Al Sadat city. The approach adopted in this thesis to assess the potentials of multifunctional urban agriculture: through the development of an assessment tool. This assessment tool helps identify the level of multi-functionality that could be associated with the different practices of urban agriculture. In addition to identifying the potentials of the local context, in which urban agriculture is to be practiced. Three scales of urban agriculture are identified to assess their potentials towards incrorporating multifunctional urban agriculture; (1) City-scale; (2) medium-scale; and (3) small-scale. The analysis proceeds with exploring potential models that could be developed to integrate different typologies of urban agriculture. The thesis demonstrates that there are more potentials to practice multifunctional urban agriculture in areas of where medium-scale urban agriculture could be achieved in Al Sadat City. In addition, this thesis demonstrates that the new settlements have more potentials to be captured by multifunctional urban agriculture, for the benefit of these new settlements. ●

Encouraging Bicycling as Sustainable Means of Urban Transportation in Cairo

by Eric Puttrowait supervised by Prof. Dr. Youhansen Y. Eid, rof. Dr. Mohamed Salheen, Prof. Antje Stokman The thesis deals with the issue of cycling as a sustainable means of urban transportation in Cairo. Cycling is one of the healthiest and most efficient means of transportation. However, Cairo has few cyclists and the rising numbers of private cars cause congestion and pollution.

This document analyzes the causes of the lack of cyclists and discusses possible interventions to raise the share of cycling trips for transportation. It suggests that the use of bicycles provides solutions for two relevant problems: Firstly, it can help to relieve Cairo´s streets from congestion, and secondly, it can provide independent, affordable mobility for people with low income, who are the majority in Cairo. The document analyses the status quo of Cairo´s cycling culture to examine potential for development. It also discusses contemporary approaches to traffic planning and how they can influence the development in Cairo. Because the urban fabric of this megacity is very diverse and the different districts have particular physical characteristics as well as socially and culturally distinguished populations, the possibility for a uniform cycling development vision for Cairo is limited. Also limited is the implementation of conventional approaches, which work well in European or North American cities.

Instead, this thesis presents analyses of three particular districts, which are evaluated and compared by their potentials and obstacles. Finally, three specialized, integrated cycling development concepts, corresponding to the particular characteristics of each analyzed district and one general strategy for whole Cairo are offered. ●

166 — Master Theses

The Integration of Information Technologies in Urban Heritage Conservation in Egypt – A Conceptual Framework for Using the Volunteered Geographic – Information Approach as a Plattform for Collaboration

by Heba Mohamed Hosny ElSayed Soliman Badr supervised by Mohamed AbdelBaky, Dr. Marwa Abdellatif, Prof. Antje Stokman, Dr. Bernd Eisenberg On one hand, the recent demolitions of villas and significant buildings and continuing violations have led to the deterioration of historic districts and destruction of unique features of the urban fabric, which reflects the architecture of earlier eras in the history of Egypt. On the other hand, the new generation of web-based platforms that is known as web 2.0 encouraged interactions among internet users and provided new approaches for using geographic information such as Public Participatory Geographic Information System (PPGIS) and the Volunteered Geographic Information (VGI). Accordingly, these approaches are seen as an opportunity to support the urban heritage conservation activism that emerged to stop continuous loss of significant buildings and urban fabric in Egypt. The research shows VGI approach with some applied examples in various fields around the world after referring to initiatives efforts in Egypt. It also aims to suggest a conceptual framework to use of VGI as a platform for collaboration and to support the bottom-up participatory approach. The framework is based on an analytical study of conservation issues that led to the frequent violations to urban heritage as well as an analysis of preliminary information which is collected from small sample of community through two questionnaires, one for activists and the other for public, in order to explore the acceptability of the community to the integration of VGI platform in sharing data with regards to urban heritage. ●

Public Spaces and Sectarian Tensions in Beirut The Production of Space in the Context of Sectarianism and Neoliberalism

by Irmtraud Eckart supervised by Prof. Dr. Youhansen Y. Eid, Dr. Shadia Araujo, Dr. Nina Gribat The paper aims at investigating the production of public space in the context of neoliberalization and “sectarianization”. Thereby it is asked in how far public spaces can function as sites for inter-religious rapprochement. The model of Lefebvre about the Production of Space (1991) is taken to hand in order to deconstruct the processes, which are constituting public space between diverse actors based on their agendas. Therein the strength is to not just to investigate material elements of spatial production (regulations, signs, design patterns etc.) but also immaterial ones. The productive character of material and immaterial elements is approached by initially asking how neoliberal and sectarian representations are affecting the official urban planning in Beirut. In a second step, exactly these elements and their respective influence on users in specific public spaces are examined. The focus is on the particular constitution of the chosen case studies regarding their potential to function as shared spaces in the sense of an inter-religious reconciliation in the specific environment of Beirut. Marking-off from other research in the field, the study is neither solely focusing on an architectural view-point nor on mere politico-sociological implications as explained in the State of the Art (chapter 2). But it is elaborated on the correlation between both aspects by focussing on the concept of public space. The Empirical Findings (chapter 5) are based on a Theoretical-Philosophical Framework (chapter 3) that is rejecting any essentialistic implications and instead acknowledges the constructedness of any sociietal element, including public spaces and the discourse about them. ●

167 — Abstracts

Knowledge Sharing in Urban Development Exploring the Networking Potential of Local Communities in Cairo

by Katharina Frieling supervised by Prof. Dr. Youhansen Y. Eid, Dr. Marwa Abdellatif, Dr. Nina Gribat The aim of this research study is to explore the global ‘Knowledge Sharing’ (KS) community in urban development and outline its actors and networks, as well as applied methods and tools for exchange. The concept of KS facilitates mutual sharing between participating entities and offers accessibility for all actors of each size and capability. Moreover, the strong emphasis on face to face exchange seeks to enable and capture the explicit and tacit dimension of highly context specific local knowledge, and distinguishes KS from the universally applied and prevalent concept of ‘Knowledge Transfer’ (KT). KS becomes a collective activity when civic actors hold an active part in their local context and beyond and new interfaces for exchange create a common ground for multiple way learning. The thesis aims to outline a paradigm shift from unidirectional KT to KS and thus highlights the substantiation of local knowledge. A local network in Cairo is examined closely, to identify the application of KS and its flows between participating entities. The context is of specific importance in this study to underline the capacity of civic actors in the field of urban development. In Cairo, governmental activities have failed to address all citizens equally, before and after the 2011 revolution. Consequently the civic actors create awareness and share knowledge in a network that is built up on common goals to represent civil society in a debate for the right to the city and public space. Those actors hold the potential to synthesize knowledge from local communities and make it available for a broader exchange.

However, the urban actors in Cairo would need to incorporate the full concept of KS to increase their impact in

the city and beyond, yet they are busy to cope with their vibrant context and lack institutional capacity to prioritize KS. ●

Shalatin, Egypt: Between Urbanism & Nomadism

by Mohamed Mahrous supervised by Prof. Dr. Youhansen Y. Eid, Prof. Dr. Mohamed Salheen, Prof. Antje Stokman Shalatin is one of the most peripheral and isolated human settlements in Egypt. However, recently the State has been applying different Sedentarization strategies targeting the Bedouin population in the region and attracting outmigrants from the Nile valley as well. Thus, this recent transformation towards urbanization of the city has resulted in: inconsistent urban growth, the negligence of inhabitants’ spatial needs, and discarding their cultural diversity and ecological context. Hence, this research aims at investigating the urbanization process taking place in Shalatin and evaluating the associated socio-ecological transformation. Moreover, it illustrates the city growth to grasp reasons behind such transformation. In this respect, three methods have been adopted to carry out this research. Firstly, literature reviewing of publications and official documents that has been conducted to understand more about the Egyptian Nomadic groups and analyze urban approaches adopted by authorities targeting different ethnicities within the city and the resulting influences on shaping the city of Shalatin. Secondly, field research visit has been conducted; in order to track actual dynamics and the on ground socio-ecological and spatial factors.

Afterwards, collected data is visualized and compared through tracing and analyzing the city maps; to monitor the existing urban conditions and patterns formed by inhabitants. Eventually, the research achieves a set of key

168 — Master Theses

findings and conclusions regarding the importance of integrating the ethnic backgrounds and socio-ecological differences of Shalatin. The end of research lists a set of recommendations listed towards improving the urban growth of Shalatin and the associated urban development framework. ●

Urban Space and Politics of Transition in Contemporary Cairo

by Mahy Mourad Nowier supervised by Prof. Dr. Mohamed Salheen, Dr. Nina Gribat At the turn of the 21st century, Cairo’s modern spaces are continuously shaped and reshaped according to the shifting political powers, economic regimes and social dynamic. In 1974, Henery Lefebvre has urged us to shift our attention from the ‘things in space’ to the actual ‘production of space’. This research aims to trace the spatial manifestations of the shifting political-economic regimes on the physical built environment through focusing on aesthetic representations. Under the recent acts of neoliberalism; new developments are consuming the city’s modern heritage; however, the architecture and urban aesthetics of the belle epoch are rediscovered and appreciated. 2011 saw the 59th anniversary of the 1952 Egyptian revolution. More than half a century has passed since the 23ed July 1952 when a group of army officers surrounded the Abdine Palace demanding the King’s abdication. In the time span of sixty years, the political regime has changed three times; from a parliamentary monarchy under British mandate, to state socialism with capitalist overtones, to a completely open market economy. In this thesis, I am presenting the significance of Cairo’s modern heritage conceived at the outset of the 20th century, through focusing on one of Cairo’s most remarkable districts: Heliopolis. Urged by

the vast deterioration of the city’s heritage and caused by post revolutional chaos and exceptional cases of lawlessness, after 2011 the recent interest and rediscovery of Cairo’s modern heritage was intensified by a new awareness of evolving in the community as a result of activation of local initiatives lead by Egyptians, reviving interest in modern heritage and remembering urban modernity. ●

Urban Implications of Palestinians Obtaining Israeli Citizenship in Jerusalem, Palestine

by Tariq Nassar supervised by Prof. Dr. Mohamed Salheen, Prof. Dr. Yehya Serag, Dr. Nina Gribat This research examines the urban implication of Palestinians obtaining Israeli citizenship in Jerusalem.

In order to understand this phenomenon, the research examines the policies that have been implemented in Jerusalem. Some of these polices were translated into plans and regulations and other policies were translated into restrictions on mobility and residency status. All the policies aimed to exclude Palestinians from the city.

For Palestinians a sustained housing crisis is the main result from Israeli planning policies for over 46 years.

Fear of displacement and losing the right to reside in the city are the main reasons for Palestinians to obtain Israeli citizenship in Jerusalem. The research found that Israeli citizenship with no further political solution as a first scenario is giving Palestinians more right to the city including better access to basic services. In addition, obtaining Israeli citizenship also comes with the right to access alternative housing units outside the city in the West Bank area with no future of political power as perceived benefits. The exclusion lines of offering Israeli citizenship in Jerusalem for Palestinians are to split the minority of Palestinian community and to exclude them

169 — Abstracts

from the option of living outside the city. The urban implication of Israeli citizenship in East Jerusalem which is largest inhabited by Palestinians could change the shape of the future political solution between Israeli government and National Palestinians Authority. The existing arguments regarding a divided city or Bi-national city will results on those who obtained Israeli citizenship different displacement and housing crisis would happen on the long term. These two scenarios will be researched further as indepth studies. ●

Contextualizing the Right to the City, Between Squatting and Adaptive Reuse – Learning From Amman and Cairo

by Nuha Innab supervised by Prof. Dr. Mohamed Salheen, Dr. Marwa Abdellatif, Dr. Nina Gribat This research deals with the term ‘right to the city’, and investigates different initiatives and urban practices, in Amman and Cairo. The examined contexts are situated between squatting and adaptive reuse. The idea is not necessarily to present extremes, but going through different experiences and contexts that have different actors. This thesis proposes that what we see in informal settlements, form squatting to service provision, independently from the government, is a form of resistance.

But on the other hand in less vulnerable environments like in Amman’s Eastern parts – where these parts of the city are neglected from the government, but less mobilization from the community is happening – they are the focus of intellectuals and activists only as a background.

A contextual background is introducing economic and political shifts in both cities, with these economic and political shifts, how did historical events and political change affect the relation between citizens and their cities in Amman and Cairo? Where did the economic shift

in Amman and Cairo lead to an open economy and where are the citizens and their rights located? In cities with less resources, and with bureaucratic systems, how do local independent groups work? ●

Towards an Integrative Discourse on Traditional and Modern Building Techniques as Sustainable Alternative to Current Practices: The case of residential buildings in Egypt

by Rasha A. Abodeeb supervised by Prof. Dr. Mohamed Salheen, Prof. Dr. Hend farouh, Prof. José Moro In Egypt, typical modern construction techniques have been adopted in the last decades, which have many drawbacks on energy consumption and environmental impacts. However, traditional construction techniques that were used before were both environmentally and financially more efficient. This research evaluates modern and traditional building techniques in terms of indoor thermal environment and financial aspects. The aim is to develop possible hybrid approaches that suit the construction market. The applicability of proposing new technique was investigated though onsite interviews and surveys with consultants and architects. A discussion is drawn about limits and constrains of applying new techniques for further research and investigations according to the Egyptian context. The building sector is responsible for at least 40% of energy use in most countries. Nowadays, modern buildings use Skelton structures, reinforced concrete columns and beams, fired and industrial bricks that consume large amounts of energy to be manufactured.

Yet, those building materials have many drawbacks in terms of environmental impacts, energy consumption and thermal comfort. Simultaneously, traditional building techniques and materials are applied in very limited conditions, While traditional techniques and materials con-

170 — Master Theses

sume less energy and are more environmentally friendly, they cannot compete with modern building techniques and materials that meet the demands of the people. This research selected several representative residential cases of modern and traditional building techniques and materials to be evaluated. Furthermore this research explores possible potentials to converge between benefits whether in traditional or modern techniques and materials. An evaluation is provided between the different techniques and materials through developed assessment criteria with specific parameters, such as environmental impact which includes: LCA (embodied energy, CO2 emissions) considering the cost, labor intensity and thermal behavior of the building materials. This comparison showed differences between traditional and modern techniques and materials potentials and provided recommendations for enhancing the residential building practices in Egypt. ●

Towards a strategy for regaining cultural identity in the urban reconstruction of the war-ravaged city centre of Homs, Syria

by Sana Kassouha supervised by Prof. Dr. Ayman Ashour, Prof. Dr. Yehya Serag, Prof. Dr. Wolf Reuter This thesis focuses on the urban reconstruction of the war-damaged city centre of Homs in Syria, which was destroyed during the recent war (2011 – today). It presents an approach for reconstruction which extends beyond the reconstruction of physical aspects, with special focus on cultural identity. Particularly, it explores how cultural identity interacts with and impacts on post-conflict recovery processes, and how heritage can be used to assist in regenerating war-torn communities. This thesis suggests that heritage is an active process containing the meaning and values of the past, present and future, and how this can influence the ways in which people recover

and develop in the wake of the war trauma. The research firstly deals with the context of urban reconstruction after disaster (war) in theoretical and conceptual terms, and makes reference to past experiences (Beirut, Mostar). Secondly, it uses a detailed case study of Homs city centre, draws an analytical framework about the urban history of the city, the conditions of the community and the city prior to the disaster.

This study focuses on finding new perspectives and uses judgments made by the inhabitants of Homs concerning reconstruction strategies, mainly taking the aspect of cultural identity, through semi-structured interviews.

It proposes a way of capitalising on people’s initiatives, maximising the use of available resources, to solve existing problems and improve conditions using developmental process. ●

Biophilic Design – Strategies for hospitals retrofit

by Sara Mohamed AbdelMeguid supervised by Prof. Dr. Mohamed Salheen, Dr. Bakr Gomaa, Prof. José Moro This research aims to revitalize the society’s contact and interaction with nature. It is an attempt to close the existing gap that continues to expand nowadays as a result of modernity. Thus, rejuvenating biophilic design that once existed, since this is how buildings were built in the past, is an approach to bridge this gap. Biophilic design is not limited to greening the buildings, but also re-establishing the nature-human being mutual relationship. In other words, it is the mechanism through which nature is affected by the built environment and conversely how human ambition and experience is affected by nature.

Therefore, the domino effect and the correlative relationship between the built environment, nature and human beings, and the extent of effect that each directly has on

171 — Abstracts

the other. Currently, architecture is tending to encourage environmental degradation, overexploitation, and distancing humans from all natural systems due to modern engineering empowering humans to disregard genetic and natural heritage. This research employs the premise of how nature affects human well-being and therefore recommends natural attributes to be retrofitted in existing and new health-care facilities. These natural attributes are deduced from the design approach that is known as biophilic design. The sequence of the paper explains what the guidelines of biophilic design are through defining each element, illustrating how it impacts human health and further by scrutinizing the strategy of each element. Thereafter, suitable examples that used biophilic design were analysed. Finally, the case study was visited and certain areas were selected to have the presence of the elements assessed and evaluated in the hospital. ●

Climatic Sensitive Landscape Design: Enhancing the Microclimate of Public School Courtyards in Egypt

by Wesam El-Bardisy supervised by Prof. Germin Elgohary, Mohamed Fahmy, Prof. Antje Stokman, Dr. Bernd Eisenberg The climatic quality of the space in Egypt, recently, has received attention among climatologist and urban designers. In most cases the Climatic Sensitive Landscape Design (CSLD) is absent on the planning and the site design level. Thus, it is essential to highlight the importance of landscape climatic design and the welfare of the outdoors space, not only among the urban planners and designers, but also, students and childrens in schools.

Unfortunately, the courtyard design guidelines developed by the General Authority of Educational Building (GAEB) is not applied in most of the public schools. This

is mainly due to the limited budget set for constructing public schools. This limited budget urges GAEB to design and construct buildings only with considering the courtyard as a leftover space based on priorities. In El-Sherouk primary school, the case study school, the students suffer from a high range of thermal dissatisfaction. Therefore, field observations and various ENVImet simulation runs and tests were done during elevated temperature in summer times. Through the simulation, different landscape design possibilities were run and analyzed, after setting the boundary conditions for the climate and the possible landscape patterns. The results revealed that trees among other landscape elements strongly ameliorate the microclimate. Within the school small size, trees significantly a) attenuate the direct solar radiation; b) modify wind speed and direction modification; and c) fairly reduce temperature and change humidity. It was also found that a student’s comfort level is strongly influenced by: a) landscape elements; b) the spatial location; and b) the type of clustering. In addition to the sustaining and benefits dimension. Based on these results, a tailored definition for Climatic Sensitive Landscape Design (CSLD) is proposed for public schools.

Subsequently, some recommendations are proposed to GAEB for future incorporation of CSLD toolbox within the courtyard design guidelines, taking into account the case of constrained fund. Also, CSLD toolbox is recommended to aid the design processes for researchers and landscape designers. At last not least, it is crucial for landscape architects and urban planner to include ENVI – met software as a tool to use in the phases of outdoor spaces design. ●

08 — IUSD Lab

174 — IUSD Lab

175 —

Vision

Our vision is to jointly develop the IUSD programme into a self-sustainable German-Egyptian centre for graduate teaching, research, training and dialogue in Stuttgart and Cairo – the “Integrated Urbanism and Sustainable Design Laboratory” (IUSD-Lab). Its thematic focus will be on sustainable urban development of Egypt and the MENA region in close relation to international approaches.

IUSD-Lab will establish itself as a joint, cross institutional centre at Stuttgart University and Ain Shams University, involving several faculties and departments within these universities. It will closely cooperate with a broad range of partners from different academic, governmental and private institutions around the world.

IUSD-Lab was inaugurated in September 2012, on the occasion of the second IUSD-week. The aim of situating the IUSD programme within the framework of the IUSD-Lab is to pool competencies in sustainable urban development in order to become self-sustainable through external research funding and funding of partners after the end of the initial period of funding by DAAD and the supporting ministries. ●

176 — IUSD Lab

Research & Activities

international Live-Projects specialists exchanging experiences

brainstorming session during the Live-Projects Workshop

Live Projects: Laboratories for Change?

Towards sustainable teaching methodologies in applied urban settings Stuttgart, 12.12.2013 – 13.12.2013 funded by: DAAD Transformation Partnership, Foreign Office of Germany

across different contexts. Together with several guests they contributed to wider debates regarding professional practice as well as sharpening teaching methodologies in both university contexts and beyond, which will benefit the next generations of students. These approaches are needed in the German, Egyptian and Tunisian context, even though the reasons are different. ●

The workshop was organized by the Department of International Urbanism (SI), co-hosted by the IUSD-Lab at University of Stuttgart and at Ain Shams University Cairo. The workshop was supported by DAAD and financed by the Foreign Office of Germany. The initiation of this bi-cultural workshop was driven by a belief that students, who become involved in well organized and carefully framed socially engaged projects during their studies, will continue to pursue socially responsible approaches in their professional lives. The workshop sought to contribute to a wider debate for a joint development of a systemization of tools and teaching methodologies for Live Projects at German and Egyptian Universities. ‘Live Projects: Laboratories for Change?’ addressed a variety of questions in its sessions including but not limiting to the teaching and learning methodologies within the academic programs and its pedagogy, the long-term sustainability of Live Projects and their impact on local communities and the impact of regional and social differences

Energy-Efficient and Sustainable Building Design and Construction in Egypt Cairo, 2013-2016 funded by: Academy of Scientific Research and Technology Egypt Within the Cairo-IUSD Lab various workshops and research lines are developed on the issue of sustainable design of buildings as well as site design. The ‘Energy-Efficient, Sustainable Building Design and Construction in Egypt’ research project aims at developing an energy-efficient and sustainable building prototype for a still to specify Egyptian context. The prototype will integrate climatic conditions and locally available sustainable building materials and craftsmanship towards a low-cost affordable housing unit providing thermal comfort. The research is done by Ain Shams University (ASU) in cooperation with the Housing & Building Research Centre (HBRC) funded

177 — Research & Activities

by the Academy of Scientific Research and Technology in Egypt. The first phase of the project was signed last June 2013 and is now in the process of desktop research looking for state of the art and best practices after which the team will go into field studies and survey or local building materials, techniques and norms. ● Development Priorities in Informal Areas: Planning, Realization and Local Perceptions Cairo, 2014-2016 in cooperation with TU Berlin, Prof. Dr. Phillip Misselwitz funded by: GERF The current transformation process in the Middle East and North Africa region (MENA) and particularly in Egypt was triggered by a demand for public participation in political decision-making processes, but also by a call for an improvement of living conditions in the region’s rapidly growing cities. The ‘Development Priorities in Informal Areas: Planning, Realization and Local Perceptions’ is a research project jointly developed by Ain Shams University in Cairo (ASU) and the Technical University in Berlin (TU-Berlin) and funded by the German Egyptian Research Fund (GERF). The research aims to develop a theoretical and practical framework and structure for developing priorities for inhabitants’ needs within informal

settlements in Cairo-Egypt. This arises because one of the biggest challenges to sustainable urban development in post-revolutionary Metropolitan Cairo remains largely unchanged due to the recent boom in informal building activity within an emergence of a multitude of new local actors beyond those sanctioned by the old regime, which radically changed the power-dynamics in the neighbourhoods while the economic uncertainties threaten the poorest households. The output of this project is intended to help policy and decision makers as well as community representatives to forge more effective partnerships towards an inclusive priority driven definition for future participatory upgrading projects. ● Water Sensitive Urban Design in New Cairo – Workshop Cairo, 03.04.2014 – 07.04.2014 This workshop was jointly organised by Ain-Shams University and Stuttgart University in collaboration with experts in landscape architecture, biodiversity, and water, Talaat Mostafa group, National Water Research Centre and Desert Research Centre. The main objectives of this event were open a new research field, understand the current situation of landscape in Cairo, identify different stakeholders connected to water sensitive urban de-

178 — IUSD Lab

former desert space became green

presentation during the “Fest 14” at Stuttgart University

sign, know different contributions of governmental institution, NGOs and public sector towards the topic and discover the needed points for further research linked to water sensitive landscape. The workshop involved visits to several governmental and institutional meetings to get an understanding of how these institutions act toward water consumption, irrigation and agriculture systems, and to get to know their previous studies, current interests and future proposed projects. Numerous field visits and tour around greater Cairo region and its fringes were undertaken by the study group, to acquire information on the landscape patterns of different areas in accordance with their contextual perspective, which the study group later analyzed and classified its results.

Examples on how communities existing on the desert outskirts of Cairo deal with water sensitive urban design included Al Rehab and Madinaty gated communities.

Outcomes of this workshop was the fruitful discussion of the problem and preliminary research topics, the primary trial for mapping landscape patterns in Cairo, an overview on the stakeholders involved, highlighting best practices according to different climates and an initiative to create an Atlas for Cairo’s landscape based upon the proposed researches. ●

Public Presentations & Events Ain Shams University: – ASU Annual Conference, April ‘14 – Supreme Council of Culture, May ‘14 – Tunis Conference on Cairo 2050, Dec ‘13 University of Stuttgart: – Africa Days Workshop in Berlin, by BMBF, March ‘14 – AESOP-ACSP conference Dublin, July ‘13 – Forest of Best Practices exhibition, “Fest 14”, July ‘14 – Open Diversity Symposium, July ‘14 Joint presentations: – Transsolar Academy Workshop in Stuttgart, Feb, 2014 – International Topos Award conference in Munich, Sep ‘13 ASU and USTUTT have presented in numerous presentation this academic year with the aim of promoting an integrated planning approach for sustainable urban communities and communicating the importance of adopting interdisciplinary approaches and opening up with other scholars in different academic disciplines. For ASU this took place in addition to introducing the concept of integrated planning for various members of the architecture and urban planning community in Egypt. Some of the objectives of these public presentations were to promote a

179 — Research & Activities

shift from the traditional fragmented planning approaches to a more integrated planning approach, to emphasise the importance of adopting an interdisciplinary approach to achieve such sustainable communities, to introduce the approach of integrated planning to sustainable urban community based on interdisciplinary solutions which combine ecological and social approaches to engineering to design and planning of landscapes, cities and buildings and to emphasise the active engagement of academia with public sector, private sector and civil society to achieve sustainable development.

IUSD Stuttgart joined the Africa Days expert workshop in Berlin. The event was structured into four parallel workshops tackling climate change, health, bio-economy, and transformation. This occasion served as a fruitful platform for exchange of experiences and contacts that help to intensify the relations between IUSD and existing and potential partners in the Middle East and North Africa. ● Fact-Finding Mission Tunis, 24-26 March 2014 Collaboration between both ASU & USTUTT IUSD-Labs in cooperation with ISTEUB (Institut Supérieur des Technologies de l’Environnement, de l’Urbanisme et du Bâtiment). In this mission IUSD-Lap continued on the

knowledge and network built during one of the Course taught by Ain Shams University in December 2013 in the unique island of Djerba. The island has a unique character in its environmental, urban and socio-cultural settings. ASU-Labs then decided to continue with further research activities and for that the fact finding mission was planned to validate some research lines and contacts professionals, civil society, authorities and stakeholders related to the identified case study. The IUSD team with local partner Dr. Imene Zaafrane applied for funding for a workshop involving German, Egyptian and Tunisian Students to be conducted on the island. The workshop was approved and is planned for the period from 22 Sep. to 3rd of October 2014. ●

IUSD in Media In the past academic year, IUSD also appeared in some media events. Prof. Mohamed Salheen and IUSD Alumni Nahla Nabil were featured in SciTech TV, in February 2014, about the students’ initiative to promote biogas as an alternative energy source in Ezzbet El Nasr.Franziska Laue gave an expert contribution to the radio feature “Zeitzeichen Kairo” (WDR 3) about Cairo’s urban history in July 2014. ●

180 — IUSD Lab

Regular Events

Monday Lectures In the summer term 2014, IUSD organized a lecture series, called “Monday Lectures”. Within the frame of the Monday Lectures 2014, four international lecturers were invited to Stuttgart to provide an experience based insight into the reality of being a professional in development and planning projects and cooperation.

This included the “real (ethical) issues” of being a planner or an intermediate person between different actors and expectations (donors, beneficiaries, etc.). Our guests discussed issues in practice based on differing cultural, professional, educational values and described the ‘painful’ and challenging processes of negotiating a concept and dealing with different stakeholders’ points of view to the same subject.

Our first lecturer, social and political scientist Ebba Augustin (SAANED, Amman), elaborated on her developed understanding of strategic planning in the MENA region.

Our second lecturer, regional planner Hilmar von Lojewski (Deutscher Städtetag, Berlin), described transformation of the city can take place through transformation of strategies themselves. For this he is taking the example of the Urban Development Programme in Syria.

Our third lecturer, urban planner Thomas Stellmach (Uberbau, Berlin), illustrated his work experience as „reality bites“ acquired in different cultural contexts – from Iraq to Russia.

The fourth lecturer, environmental scientist Bernd Hörmann (Sheffield City Council), described his journey in the field of environment and sustainable development, having worked for an International Ecovillage (NGO), and environmental demonstration centre and a local government/authority in United Kingdom.

The Monday Lectures 2014 were complemented by an input by Dr. Camillo Boano (UCL, London) who discussed the production of recovery space. This included architecture and reconstruction challenges. This additional lecture was organized by the students from the third intake of IUSD and facilitated by the IUSD team.

All lectures took place in Stuttgart and were projected to Cairo via video conferencing. Some of the Monday Lectures can be watched on our IUSD YouTube channel. Be curious about the next lectures in the coming semesters. ●

181 — Regular Events

Thomas Stellmach talks about “Reality Bites”

Ebba Augustin talks about “Strategic Planning in the MENARegion”

Hilmar von Lojewski talks about “Transformation of Strategies”

182 — IUSD Lab

audience in Stuttgart taking part at the IUSD-Salon in Cairo via videoconference

IUSD Salon 2014

Water Sensitive Urban Design in New Cairo Cairo, 03.04.2014 – 07.04.2014

In winter 2013/2014 a new extracurricular format has been introduced as an activity of the IUSD Lab: the IUSD Salon. The concept allows IUSD to regularly bring together a group of researchers and practitioners and other experts, as well as interested listeners who jointly discuss a recent ‘hot topic’ within the debate on human settlements. The IUSD-Salon wants to create a plattform for gathering and exchanging ideas to support intended or ongoing research projects, to which the IUSD-Lab is involved. The first two Salons took place in the last summer term and we are exitedly looking forward to the next inspirng salons. ●

In April 2014, our first salon was launched in Cairo introducing one of IUSD’s focal research subjects: “Water Sensitive Landscape Design”. Egyptian and German experts met on the IUSD premises at Ain Shams University Cairo exchanging their experiences while reflecting options for adequate design options for Greater Cairo. The event was transferred to Stuttgart University via videoconferencing reaching a broader audience and to make it possible to answer questions from both sides.

This salon took place within a workshop which was done as a part of the “IUSD Salon” events’ series jointly organised with Ain-Shams University and Stuttgart University in collaboration with experts in landscape architecture, biodiversity, and water, Talaat Mostafa group, National Water Research Centre and Desert Research Centre. The main objectives of this event were to open a new research field, understand the current situation of landscape in Cairo, identify different stakeholders connected to water sensitive urban design, know different contributions of governmental institution, NGOs and public sector towards the topic and discover the needed points for further research linked to water sensitive landscape. The workshop involved visits to several

183 — Regular Events

Rasha Arous and Eslam Mahdy speaking about their experiences after the IUSD program...

... and exchanging with the audience and alumni representatives in Cairo

governmental and institutional meetings to get an understanding of how these institutions act toward water consumption, irrigation and agriculture systems, and to get to know their previous studies, current interests and future proposed projects. Numerous field visits and tour around greater Cairo region and its fringes were undertaken by the study group, to acquire information on the landscape patterns of different areas in accordance with their contextual perspective, which the study group later analyzed and classified its results. Examples on how communities existing on the desert outskirts of Cairo deal with water sensitive urban design included Al Rehab and Madinaty gated communities. Outcomes of this workshop was the discussion of the problem and preliminary research topics, the primary trial for mapping landscape patterns in Cairo, an overview on the stakeholders involved, highlighting best practices according to different climates and an initiative to create an Atlas for Cairo’s landscape based upon the proposed researches. ●

IUSD Alumni Talk Stuttgart – Cairo, 14. 07. 2014 A second IUSD Salon took place in July 2014 as a side event of “Fest 14” at Stuttgart University, Faculty of Architecture and Urban Planning. This time, IUSD Alumni representatives invited graduates from the first IUSD intake to talk about their professional and academic backgrounds, their motivation to apply to IUSD, and where it took them. This event was intended as well to be part of the marketing strategy for the IUSD master program, in such a way that potential candidates can come and listen to the program alumni getting to know better their impressions and career impacts after attending the program. The event was announced on the digital social media, including the DAAD and the IUSD website as well as the Facebook pages of the IUSD. Mohamed Amer Hegazy and Mona Farouk joined on the Cairo side, exchanging with Rasha Arous and Eslam Mahdy in Stuttgart, via video conferencing. The invited audience, on both sides, had the chance to directly learn from the Alumni’s experience, lessons learnt and recommendations concerning their academic and practice related focus with IUSD. ●

09 — IUSD People

186 — Chapter IUSD People / subject

187 — Chapter IUSD Staff / subject

Dr. Marwa Abdellatif obtained a B.Sc. in Urban Planning and Design (Ain Shams University, Cairo, 2000) and a M.Sc. in ecotourism in the Western Desert of Egypt (ASU, 2006), and received her PhD on the topic of ‘Paradigms for Spatial Planning – Transformations in the Planning System of Egypt’ (ASU, 2013). She currently holds the position of an assistant professor at the Department of Urban Planning and Design, Ain Shams University.

She is particularly interested in exploring new pedagogical approaches for education of spatial planning.

She participated in a number of workshops in Egypt and Germany on higher education. In 2011, she co-founded ‘Letaarfo’ initiative to deepen the understanding of the interwoven relationships of people and places. She is programme coordinator of the MSc. IUSD at Ain Shams University, Cairo.

Eng. Abdulmoneim Alfiky received his B.Sc. in Urban Planning and Design in 2001 from the Faculty of Engineering – Ain Shams University, where he subsequently became a teaching assistant in the Dept. of Urban Planning and Design. In 2008 he received his M.Sc. on the topic of Urban Environmental management from Ain Shams University. His professional experience focuses on strategic and regional planning in rural areas of the Egyptian Nile Delta. He actively

participated in several TEMPUS project between Ain Shams University and various European universities. Currently he is working on his PhD on effects of urban and rural sprawling on the agricultural lands in the Nile Delta under joint supervision from Ain Shams Uni & Uni Stuttgart and recently joined the coordination team of the MSc IUSD programme.

Prof. Dr. Ayman Ashour holds the chair of a Professor of Architecture and Urban Planning and is the Vice Dean for Graduate Studies and Research at the Faculty of Engineering, Ain Shams University.

Combining educational and technical experience between academic and professional work enriched him with a sense of specialized consulting experience and made his theoretical guidance settled and valuable with a future aspiration for a generation that carries the heritage and legacy of the past to the rapid developing world of the future.

His work focuses on projects of technical engineering, comprehensive planning providing integrated consultancy services in Master Planning, Urban Design, Landscape Design, Architecture and Interior Design as well as Project Management and Construction Supervision.

He is the Director of Admission of the MSc IUSD and supervises various master theses within the IUSD at Ain Shams University.

Eng. Nouran Azouz Nouran Azouz received her B.Sc. in Urban planning and Design in 2009 from Ain Shams University, Cairo. Nouran is M.Sc. Candidate at Ain Shams University; her ongoing Master thesis is on the “Good Urban Governance of Informal settlements in Metropolitan Areas”.

She attended several courses and workshops through the CNRD student exchange program in Cologne, Germany. She also participated in “Tadamun” project, which is under the partnership of the AU of Washington and Ford Organization, as a researcher on the issues of Urban Governance in Egypt in correspondence to Global Models.

Dipl.-Ing. Moritz Bellers After completing a Diploma in landscape and open space planning at Leibniz University Hannover in 2008 and landscape architecture at Universiteit Wageningen, NL he worked for jbbug – landscape architects in Cologne from 2009 to 2011. Since July 2010 he teaches and researches at the Department of Landscape Planning and Ecology, Faculty of Architecture and Urban Planning at University Stuttgart.

His research interests focuses on performative landscape techniques, process driven designs and ecological engineering. Moritz is teaching in the “Urban Ecology and Ecosystem Design” Core Module and the “Integrated Research and Design

Project” Module within the IUSD at University of Stuttgart.

Dr. Bernd Eisenberg completed a diploma in Landscape and Open Space Planning at TU Hannover and worked in the field of GIS based planning in Hamburg and Stuttgart. He obtained his PhD on the topic of “Park metrics – quantification methods for spatial potentials of green open spaces with regard to recreational uses” at the University of Stuttgart. Bernd is involved in ongoing research activities of the Institute of Landscape Planning and Ecology (ILPÖ) related to sustainability and resilience of cities (projects LiWa and TURaS) and international educational cooperations. Since October 2010, he is programme coordinator of the MSc IUSD. Eng. Nashwa Emad Nashwa Emad received her B.Sc. in Urban Planning and Design (Ain Shams University, Cairo, 2012); she holds the position of a teaching as¬sistant at the Department of Urban Planning and Design, Ain Shams University where she is currently enrolled as M.Sc. Candidate at Ain Shams. Nashwa is interested mainly in the role of landscape in the urban development of public open spaces and its impact on the viability of the city.

188 — IUSD People

Dr. Nina Gribat completed a Diploma in Architecture and Urban Design (TU Berlin), the Bauhauskolleg Transitspaces (Bauhaus Dessau) and a MA in Planning Research and Theory (The University of Sheffield). She has worked at different architecture practices in Berlin and as a freelancer for different urban research projects.

In 2010 she obtained her PhD on the topic of “Governing the Future of a Shrinking City: Hoyerswerda, East Germany” at the Department of Architecture and Planning at Sheffield Hallam University. Since April 2011, she is programme coordinator of the MSc IUSD and also teaches several modules of the MSc IUSD.

she completed the MSc IUSD at the University of Stuttgart with a thesis on neighbourhood-based urban upgrading and mobilization processes in Cairo’s informal settlements. Her current research interests evolve around marginalized urban spaces, their inhabitants, and the potential they harbour for the construction, sustenance and defence of the urban commons. A member of several exhibition and publication teams, Julia has recently made editorial contributions to the exhibitions “Beyond Tourism-Zanzibar”, “Space Time Dignity Rights - Improving Palestinian Refugee Camps” and to the “Trialog - Journal for Planning and Building in the Third World”.

MSc. Julia Hartmann since obtaining her BSc(Hons) in Architecture at the University of East London in 2002, her work experience with award-winning practices such as WWMArchitects (London) and ‘die Baupiloten’ (Berlin) has ranged from public space design to the scale of strategic urban framework plans and has included clients such as the London Development Agency (LDA) and Amnesty International. Julia has been teaching design-build workshop formats at several Universities in Britain and Bulgaria and worked with NGOs in the UK, China and Bulgaria on issues of resident led urban regeneration and local construction skills transfer. In 2013,

Prof. Dipl.-Ing. Ingo Helmedag studied architecture at Hanover University and at Graz University of Technology. After graduating from Hanover University he worked as an architect in a number of projects. Starting in 1993, he has taught as an assistant professor for Building Construction and Design at Dresden University of Technology.

For the Faculty of Architecture, he established the European Erasmus Program and furthered worldwide University exchange. In 1998, he was a visiting professor at the UBC, Vancouver. After joining DAAD in 2008, Ingo Helmedag became professor for Building Techniques and Design at the German Jordanian University (GJU) in Amman, where

he remained until his transfer to Cairo’s Ain Shams University (IUSD Master Program) in September 2012. His focus and research interest is on building technique and sustainable design.

Dipl.-Ing. Raoul C. Humpert studied at the École Nationale Supérieure d´Architecture de Montpellier and the University of Stuttgart, where he received his diploma of Architecture and Urbanism. His interest in the multidisciplinarity of architecture strengthened while working in different architectural disciplines. He participated in different international workshops for mudbrick constructions, walkable cities and public schoolyards. He taught at the University of Innsbruck, is doing his Phd research and is part of the MSc IUSD program Coordination team.

Dr. Marwa A. Khalifa has obtained her B.Sc. & M.Sc., “Urban Planning” specialization from Ain Shams University (ASU), while her PhD was a joint supervision between ASU and the University of Sheffield, UK. Dr. Khalifa has major interest in environmental assessment, strategic planning, upgrading of informal settlements and participatory planning approaches. She combines the advantages of having both the theoretical grounds and practical application experience.

She has been teaching and supervis-

ing multidisciplinary topics, both undergraduate and postgraduate since 1996 and is currently Associate Professor at the Department of Urban Planning and Design. Simultaneously, she provided consultancy services to both national organizations such as General Organization for Physical Planning and Informal Settlement Development Facility as well as International Organizations such as UN-Habitat related to her area of expertise mentioned above. Additionally, since 2007 she has participated and coordinated several international cooperation projects with universities in EU, Latin America, South Asia and MENA Region related to higher education reform in the field of participatory planning and natural resources management.

Dipl.-Ing. MSc. Franziska Laue holds a Diploma in Architecture from TU Berlin and a M.Sc. in Integrated Urbanism and Sustainable Design (IUSD) Stuttgart/ Cairo. Since 2003 she was engaged as a freelance advisor in projects in Germany, Syria, Burkina Faso and Egypt. From 2007 until 2011 she worked for the GIZ Urban Development Programme (UDP) in Aleppo.

Since 2008 she was involved in local and international conferences, exhibitions and publications on local identity, informal urban development in the MENA region. Recently, Franziska was member of exhibition

189 — IUSD Staff

and publication teams for “Aleppo Archive” (DOC Aleppo) on urban heritage conservation and archiving as well as “Space Time Dignity Rights” (DAZ Berlin) on refugee camp improvement strategies.

She has published on a long-term research on informal urban growth in Damascus, Syria. Since October 2013 she is research assistant and part of the IUSD Course Coordination Team at University of Stuttgart.

MSc. Mona Mannoun received her BSc in Architectural Engineering from Misr International University, Egypt in 2008. Her Master thesis at the Department of Urban Planning at Ain Shams University, 2014 is on “Self-developed Areas in Egypt”, focusing on the urban fabric and the architectural elements of different case studies in Egypt and Germany that depend on people who build their own neighborhood. In addition, Mona Mannoun works on a hands on project related to informal settlements. She worked at ökoplan and IDG consultancy offices in Cairo between 2009 to 2010 and 2010 to 2012. Since May 2010 Mona is the assistant programme coordinator for the MSc IUSD at Ain Shams University Cairo.

Prof. José Luis Moro is the chair of the Insitute of Design and Construction at the University of Stuttgart. After completing a

Diploma in Architecture and Urban Design at the University of Stuttgart, José Luis Moro worked as a project leader and office manager at different architecture practices in Madrid, Berlin, Munich, Darmstadt and Zürich (Fernando Higueras, Thomas Herzog, Santiago Calatrava). He was mainly involved in the design and implementation of large public buildings and bridges.

In 1990 José Moro established his own architecture office in Darmstadt. In 1996 he responded to a call of Stuttgart University to the professorship of Planning and Construction at the Faculty of Civil Engineering. At IUSD Prof. Moro is responsible for the core module of sustainable architecture.

M.Arch. Marisol Rivas Velásquez studied architecture at the Instituto Tecnológico y de Estudios Superiores de Monterrey Mexico (B.S. 1998) and received the Master of Excellence in Architecture at the Berlage Institute, Postgraduate Laboratory of Architecture (2002).

She collaborated with several offices in Mexico and Belgium, among them the renowned offices of Teodoro González de León/ Mexico City, Ricardo Legorreta/ Mexico City and Stéphane Beel/ Ghent.

She is a founding partner of the Ulm based practice “Architecture, Urbanism + Research Agency”.

Marisol has been Visiting Professor

at the ITESM Monterrey, Lecturer at the University of Technology, Munich and Assistant Professor at the Institute of Design Studio1 of Leopold-Franzens-University in Innsbruck. Since 2010 Marisol is Assistant Professor at the Department of International Urbanism were she has been teaching and coordinating studies and research projects. In both her professional and academic practice Marisol’s research interest evolve on the topics of culture conflicts, tourism and informal urban development with special focus on African and Latin American cities.

Dipl.-Ing. Matthias Rottner After completing a Diploma in Architecture and Urban Design (Stuttgart University) in 1991, Matthias Rottner worked as a building planner and architect in different architecture offices in Stuttgart (Heinle, Wischer and Partners, Fahlbusch and Köhler Architects, Rainer Walder Architects). Center of his interest was the planning of hospitals and retirement homes. Since 1996 he collaborated as an assistant lecturer at the Department of Planning and Construction with Prof.

José Moro at the Faculty of Civil Engineering of Stuttgart University.

In 2006 the complete department changed to the Faculty of Architecture and Urban Planning.

Prof. Dr. Mohamed Salheen obtained his BSc in Urban Planning and Design in 1993 from Ain Shams University, Cairo. He was appointed as teaching staff at the department and later received a PhD scholarship to obtain his PhD in Urban Design from Edinburgh College of Art, UK in 1997 with a thesis on “Comprehensive Analysis Approaches in Urban Settings”. From 2001 until 2014 he acted as an assistant and associate professor at Ain Shams University teaching and supervising multidisciplinary topics. Developing a clear research line in the field of Integrated Planning and Design, he then became the first professor of Integrated Planning and Design in Egypt. To develop this research field Salheen had to develop various research lines at different levels ranging from Architectural Design to Regional Planning with diverse topics ranging from spatial Analysis to socioeconomic and cultural aspects, yet all focused on the intermediate gaps and Integrated Solutions. He has coordinated several international cooperation projects with Universities in Germany, Sweden, Austria and Denmark. He is a member of the EU Higher Education reform Experts (HEREs) Team, contributing to various workshops and seminars on internationalization and harmonization of Higher Education. Salheen is also active in practice and consultation working with GIZ, UN-Habitat, UNEP and

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UNDP as well as other national and regional organizations in the fields of strategic, environmental and integrated planning and design.

Assoc. Prof. Dr. Yehya Serag received a Bachelor degree in Architecture with a major in Urban Planning and Design from Ain Shams University, Cairo. He, then, obtained his MA in human settlements (PGCHS – Catholic University of Leuven) as well as a Post Graduate Certificate in spatial and regional planning after completing the European Module for spatial development and planning (NewCastle University). He graduated with a PhD on the topic “Networking and networks as tools for regional development and planning: Human settlements’ development potentialities in the Western part of Egypt” from the department of Architecture, spatial planning and landscape (Catholic University of Leuven).

Since April 2014, Serag holds the position of an associate professor of urban and regional planning at the Department of Urban Planning and Design at Ain Shams University.

Starting from December 2010, he coordinates the MSc IUSD. He is currently interested in the impact of politics on urbanism as a new line of research, as well as , urban and regional strategic planning and development.

Prof. Antje Stokman is the chair of the Institute of Landscape Planning and Ecology at the University of Stuttgart and founding partner of the practice “osp urbanelandschaften” in Hamburg. She studied landscape architecture at Hanover University and Edinburgh College of Art. After graduation she gained practical experiences as a landscape architect in many international projects and was Associate Professor in Hannover University from 2005–2010. She was awarded the Topos Landscape Award in 2011, the Lower Saxony Science Prize in 2009 and is member of the German national advisory council on spatial planning since 2010. In 2009, she co-initiated the MSc IUSD and now acts as Director of Admissions and teaches in various courses within the IUSD. MSc. Ebtihal Zakaria is an urban planner and designer holding a MSc. in Integrated Urbanism and Sustainable Design (IUSD) from Stuttgart University in Germany and Ain Shams University (ASU) in Egypt. Ebtihal completed her bachelor of Regional and Urban Planning from Cairo University in 2004. Since then, she has been actively engaged in international multidisciplinary environments in both Egypt and Gulf Cooperation Council (G.C.C) where she was involved in projects varying from a national level to municipal, city

centers and neighborhoods’ redevelopment. ‘Urban Development and Revitalization of Downtown, Cairo’ in Egypt, the ‘Pearl-Qatar in Doha’ and ‘Qatar National Master Plan’ in the G.C.C are among the major projects she participated in. Her interests in the role of civil society as well as the influences of political and socio-economical factors on urban development were the basis for her masters’ dissertation. She has also been involved in some freelancing projects, such as taking part in ‘Preparing the Guidance Physical Plans for the Egyptian Villages’– (GOPP), copyediting of the Arabic exhibition contents for ‘Space, Time, Dignity, Rights’– (UNRWA) and assisting in the community participation process for upgrading historical areas in old Cairo in ‘Al Athar Lena’ – (DEDI). She joined the IUSD Course Coordination Team at Ain Shams University in October 2013.

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staff from other institutes involved in teaching: Prof. Dr. Youhansen Y. Eid was involved in teaching on the elective Selected Topics On Urbanism.

Dipl.-Ing. Dominique GauzinMüller, SI offers the elective course “Low Tech or High Tech?” since 2012.

Dr.-Ing. Mona Helmy, SI offered the elective course on “City Branding” in SS 2014.

Dr. Ferdinand Ludwig, IGMA offered an elective on “CityTreeHouse” in SS 2013.

Dipl.-Ing. Luigi Pantisano, SI was involved in teaching on the Integrated Research and Design Module in SS 2014.

Prof. Dr. Wolf Reuter, IWE was involved in teaching on the Integrated Research and Design Module in SS 2014.

Dr. Hans-Georg Schwarzvon Raumer, ILPÖ offered an elective on “Geodesign” in SS 2013.

Dr.-Ing. Dietlinde SchmittVollmer M.A., ifag offered the elective “War Destruction and Reconstruction” in SS 2014.

External partners: Prof. Mouldi Cha’aban is a professor at Ecole Nationale d’Architecture et d’Urbanisme ENAU and the University of Ibn Khaldoun UIK Tunis and was involved in teaching on the Design Projects.

Dr. Lotfi Cherif Director of Université Ibn Khaldoun UIK, Tunis.

Dipl.-Pol. Gerd Lüers is an expert in project monitoring and evaluation, change management and institutional capacity building; he delivers regular workshops for the MSc IUSD such as teambuilding and project management.

Dipl.-Ing. Daniel Schönle is owner of architecture and planning practice hp4, www. hp4.org; he co-taught the elective “CityTreeHouse” in SS 2013 and the Integrated Research and Design Project.

Dr. Anette Gangler a private architect and urban planner, holds a master’s degree and Ph.D. from University of Stuttgart and offered the elective “Beyond Tourism – Exhibition Support” in WS 2012/13.

Prof. Dr. Claus Peter Haase is a islamic scientist and professor at the FU Berlin and publisher on islamic art history; he was involved in teaching the elective “Berlin Module” in SS 2014.

Prof. Dr. Matthias Weiter is coordinator at the DAFG e.V., professor for geography at the HU Berlin and the former head of the BMZ; he was part of the elective “Berlin Module” in SS 2014.

Dr. Imène Zaâfrane is an urban and landscape architect at Institut Superieur des Technologies de l’Environnement de l’Urbanisme et de Batiment.

(I.S.T.E.U.B) -Tunis; she was involved in teaching on the Design Projects.

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Lisa Gänsbauer architect, Germany

Charlotte Watermann political scientist, Germany

Teresa Fellinger geographer, Germany

Gregor Schopf communication designer, Germany

Stefanie Wladika architect, Germany

Friederike Thonke architect, Germany

Neila Zouainia architect, Algeria

Dina Mahdy architect, Egypt

Ahmed Bakry architect & urban planner, Egypt

Mohammed Fawzi architect, Egypt

Yasmine Halawa architect, Egypt

Ahmed Hassan Abayazeed architect & urban designer, Egypt

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Tayseer Khairy architect, Egypt

Maram Sha’ban architect, Jordan

Razan Alshadfan architect, Jordan

Jude Al Issa Zada architect, Jordan

Mennatullah Hendawy urban planning researcher, Egypt

Balsam Madi architect, Lebanon

Nada Jouni landscape architect & agriculture engineer, Lebanon

Aly Elsayed architect, Egypt

Dima Dayoub architect, Syria

Adham Sannaa architect, Syria

Maroua Ennouri architect, Tunisia

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Mohamed El-Gamal architect, Egypt

Sara Abdelghany architect, Egypt

Dina Noseir Abdelrashid urban planner, Egypt

Rasha Abodeeb architect, Egypt

Mohammed Alfiky urban planner, Egypt

Sary Abdullah architect, Iraq

Abdalrahman Alshorafa architect, Palestine

Ayham Dalal architect, Syria

Heba Badr GIS-analyst, Egypt

Irmtraud Eckart anthropologist, Austria

Wesam El-Bardisy urban planner, Egypt

Fadi Charaf civil engineer, Lebanon

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Aya El-Wagieh urban planner, Egypt

Katharina Frieling architect, Germany

Nuha Innab architect, Jordan

Sana Kassouha urban planner, Syria

Daniel Koschorrek architect, Germany

Lucas Krupp architect, Germany

Mohamed Mahrous architect, Egypt

Athar Mufreh architect, Palestine

Mahy Mourad Nowier architect, Egypt

Tariq Nassar architect, Palestine

Eric Puttrowait designer, Germany

Franziska Turber economist, Germany

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IUSD Alumni Network Since alumni relations are viewed as an important assetthat contribute to the sustainability and continuity of the program,the IUSD management has developed a concept on how to strengthen the network with its graduates and ensure that the future graduates can be incorporated into the alumni activities of both universities (Ain Shams University and Stuttgart University). Hence, it was proposed to elect two representatives from each intake in a yearly voting process. The first election for the graduate group of the year 2012/2013 has already been carried out in December 2013. Besides ensuring the networking among alumni, the representatives’ tasks are to communicate ideas, and requests developed and posed by the graduates within themselves regardless of where they are and within IUSD management.

Since IUSD has joined the GAMP (German Arab Masters Programs) network, the current Alumni representatives have been invited to attend the first meeting of GAMP alumni representatives in Cairo-Egypt to exchange ideasbetween graduates of the GAMP from Germany and the Arab world with the aim of establishing a sustainable network between them.

In order to keep in touch with fellow students and establish new professional contacts, an IUSD Alumni group as well as a GAMP group was set up at the online platform “Alumni Portal Deutschland”. This facilitates the tracking of whereabouts of fellow students and networking with potentially interesting contacts.

In addition, IUSD is now a member of the AGEP, and its alumni workshops and activities pose a possibility for the IUSD Alumni to be actively involved in.

Alumni are also encouraged to take part in a number of the activities and events set forward by the IUSD program. Examples of such activities and events which encourage the input and expertise of the IUSD Alumni are the “Monday Lectures”, the “IUSD Salon”, and the “IUSDLab. In December 2013, IUSD Alumni were among the expert invitees for the Live Projects workshop at Stuttgart University. In the winter term 2013/2014 Alumni took part as speakers within the frame of the newly launched Monday Lecture Series. In July 2014, the first graduates of the IUSD program have prepared an event as a part of the "IUSD Salon" events series. The event was based in both Stuttgart and Cairo and was connected using the video-conferencing tool between both sides. The "IUSD Salon – Alumni Talk" was open for audience from out-

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side. Graduates lively discussed with the audience their personal and professional background before IUSD, their motivational experiences, and how has IUSD influenced their approaches in their current activities and expertise after graduation. We are exited to keep track of what the future will bring to our graduates. â&#x2014;?

Ebtihal and Eslam meeting for the first IUSD-Salon live bradcast in Stuttgart

Ebtihal, Julia and Rasha joining the Live-Projects workshop

Cairo-Stuttgart meeting of the alumni representatives

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Ayham Mouad architect, Syria

Baher Elshaarawy urban planner, Egypt

Ebtihal Zakaria Rashad urban planner, Egypt

Eslam Mahdy urban planner, Egypt

Lisa Deister landscape architect, Germany

Lobna Mitkees urban planner, Egypt

Manal Fakhouri architect, Jordan

Mohamed Amer Mahmoud Hegazy architect, Egypt

Omar Wanas architect, Egypt

Pia Lorenz political scientist, Germany

Rasha Arous planner/civil engineer, Syria

Sandy Qarmout architect, Jordan

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Franziska Laue architect, Germany

Ghevar Ismaiel architect, Syria

Insaf Ben Othmane Hamrouni architect, Tunisia

Julia Hartmann architect, Germany

Mohammed Abdel Aziz Ibrahim urban planner, Egypt

Mona Farouk Elkabbany architect, Egypt

Muna Shalan architect, Jordan

Nahla Makhlouf architect, Egypt

Zaineb Madyouni architect, Tunisia

Zeina Elcheikh architect, Syria