Ics2014 ezbet el haggana presentation revised

MSc Integrated Urbanism & Sustainable Design (IUSD)

The Integrated Case Study Informal Areas‘ Development Approaches in Egypt Process & Roles “Ezbet ElHaggana“ Cairo - Egypt 2014/2015

MSc Integrated Urbanism & Sustainable Design (IUSD)

Disclaimer ‘The Integrated Case Study - Informal Areas' Development Approaches in Egypt - Process & Roles’ is produced as a part of the Integrated Case Study (ICS) module.

© IUSD Masters Program, 2014 No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form of by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the prior written permission of IUSD-ASU, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt.

All rights reserved The ICS and associated publications would not have been possible without the support of variety of donors and partners organizations, which are thanked collectively as follows: IUSD is funded by DAAD, BMZ, BMF, MoHE The ICS 2014/2015 is generously supported by the MOURIS The ICS 2014/2015 is held at Ain Shams University - Egypt Federal Ministry of Education

Federal Ministry for Economic Cooperation

Ministry of Higher Education

Contacts: MSc Integrated Urbanism and Sustainable Design www.iusd.uni-stuttgart.de Ain Shams University

Faculty of Engineering El Sarayat street 1, Abbassia, Cairo-Egypt Fax: 0020222728225 Email: iusd@eng.asu.edu.eg

Ezbet ElHaggana Team Ahmad Bakry Balsam Madi Jude Zada Teresa Fellinger

Ain Shams Teaching Staff Prof. Dr. Mohamed Salheen Assistant Prof. Marwa Abd Al Latif Dr. Hassan ElMouelhi Ain Shams Assisting Team Eng. Aya El-Wagieh Eng. Mohammed Alfiky Achnowledgement We would like to achnowledge the input of: Mr. Khalil Shaat; Mr. Mohamed Abou Samra; Mr. Yahia Shawkat; Ms. Nagwa Raouf; Dr. Raghda El-Ibrashy and Dr. Sherif Algohary

Informal Areas‘ Development Approaches in Egypt - Process & Roles

Ezbet ElHaggana

Table of Contents 1. Introduction and methodology

1.1 Introduction

1.2 Methodology 2. Profiling of the area

2.1 Location

2.2 History

2.3 Urban aspects

2.3.1 Mapping of active strips

2.3.2 Physical aspects

2.3.3 Economic aspects

2.3.4 Environmental aspects

2.3.5 Socio-cultural aspects

2.3.6 Mapping of aspects over time

2.3.7 Conclusions and impressions 3. Mapping of community development interventions in the area

3.1 Description of each intervention

3.1.1 Location of intervention

3.1.2 Mapping of interventions over time

3.1.2 Scope and scale of interventions 3.1.2.1 Top-down interventions 3.1.2.2 Bottom-up interventions

3.1.2.3 Bottom-up and top-down interventions

3.2 Stakeholders analysis

3.1.1 Mapping stakeholders

3.3 Residents’ perception

3.3.1 Community oriented behaviour

3.3.2 Standard of living 4. Discussion and recommendations

4.1 International case study (Incremental Housing Strategy in Pune/India)

4.2 How to approach the area in the future

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1. Introduction and methodology 1.1 Introduction

The location and expansion of Haggana as an informal settlement is related and proportional to the expansion of formal settlements. When the construction labor of formal settlements is not taken into account in the planning process, informal areas rise to cater to the needs of affordable housing.

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1. Introduction and methodology 1.2 Methodology

a. Scientific literature research

The American University in Cairo

b. Interviews

Hassan El Mouelhi

The School of Global Affairs and Public Policy

Government and Community Efforts in Upgrading Infrastructure in Informal AreasThe Case of Izbit ElHaggana A Thesis Submitted to the Public Policy and Administration Department in partial fulfillment of the requirements of the degree of Master of Arts

By Noura Wahby

Culture and Informal Urban Development The Case of Cairo’s ‘Ashwa’eyat (Informal Settlements)

Supervised by Dr. Jennifer Bremer Public Policy and Administration Associate Professor and Chair, AUC

Interviewing Jabal El Rahma

Interviewing a talk with Nagua, i.a. founder of the cultural centre

Team memeber trying to get some information from a girl passing by

Having interactions with the community of Ezzbet El Haggana

Carefully looking at the conditions of the houses and the way of construction

Having a conversation with Um Nasser

Dr. Khaled Zakaria Amin Associate Professor of Public Policy and Administration, AUC

Dr. Khaled Abdelhalim Assistant Professor of Public Policy and Administration, AUC

Spring 2013 1

‘Government and Community Efforts in Upgrading Infrastructure in Informal Areas - The Case of Izbit ElHaggana,’ Noura Wahby

‘Culture and Informal Urban Development: The Case of Cairo‘s Ashwa‘eyat (Informal Settlements),’ Hassan El Mouelhi

c. Observation

Observing street life and condition of intrastructure

Incessant and deafening noise by deep flying planes affecting the community

Integrated Case Study - IUSD III - Ain Shams University - Phase I

© Fellinger & Madi 6

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2. Profiling the area 2.1 Location

Transportation

Suez - Cairo Road

d

Ebid st

st a’moon

Makram

qqad st

la Abbas E

M Hassan

a o R d a r t s Elauto

Ring Road

Road s a h a n l E Mostafa Ro n i e s s u Zaker H Main roads Arterial roads

Highway Transportation hub

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ad

Entrances 7

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2. Profiling the area 2.1 Location Ownership Tegan project

Military secondary school

Tag Sultan project

Madinet Nasr Housing & Development Company owned land Military controlled land Conict zone - shared owned land (Squatting, individuals, MNHDC) Integrated Case Study - IUSD III - Ain Shams University - Phase I

Govenorate controlled land Private owned land

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2. Profiling the area 2.1 Location Mapping

Nasr City police station

Municipality

Commercial axis

Services

High voltage line

High voltage cables

Military activities

Schools

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2. Profiling the area

2005 Choucairy

2.2 History

2009

Residents

OR

residents

Studio 95

1979

1989

1993

Abdou

Jabal El Rahma

2003 Al Shehab

2003

1930s

Ownership

Sudanese Haggana protect city borders

•

Nubian Soldier squatted on the land

1940s Sudanese border guards’ families move into land

1950s

1960s

Migration from upper egypt

1970s

Established as a public entity

1990s

Land is distributed among officiers

Peak of growth due to increase of surrounding construction jobs (1998)

Emerat El Nasan

2011

Bet El Baraka

Shaduf

2000s

2010s

2014

Studio 95, a consultancy, that planned a land sharing strategy for the high voltage area.

Legal settling due to national decree •

Actor profiling

Squatting due to migration from upper Egypt •

Nasr Real Estate Company owns all land due national decree •

Population expansion

1980s

2011

**

•

Squatters pay compensation to company to gain permant right to use land

individual/ natural leader

Sadat declares decree 3134 to define the borders of the Real Estate company land

governmental

* Officers sell pieces of their land

organizations 30,000 inhabitants

* Residents and Eng. Nagwa claim that the land was given to the officers , who sold pieces of their land (for an unknown period) to different individuals (through informal selling transactions) ** spatial population expansion is conceptual refering to location of settlement and is not accurate

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32,652 inhabitants in 1996

500,000 inhabitants

1,000,000 inhabitants in 2,006, 921 sqm

CBO/ NGO dotted: failed/ not implemented 10

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2. Profiling the area 2.3 Urban aspects

2.3.1 Mapping of active strips Transportation Hub

Elbasheer clinic

Two primary public schools / 95 students per class

Elshehab NGO

Jabal Elrahma NGO

Emaret Elensan NGO Elhegaz primary private school Services NGOs Transportation hub

Elawamya cafe shop

High way Paved streets Commercial axe Street strip Car repairing strip

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2. Profiling the area 2.3 Urban aspects 2.3.2 Physical aspects

Suez road

Eastern Haggana (Study Area)

Western Haggana | Eltabba Street conditions & infrastructure Building conditions Facilities Transportation Economic

Numbered buildings, governmental water and electricity connections, and shared access streets.

Environmental conditions

Gas pipes construction

Location

Water run-off in streets Integrated Case Study - IUSD III - Ain Shams University - Phase I

Low

High 12

Informal Areas‘ Development Approaches in Egypt - Process & Roles

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2. Profiling the area 2.3 Urban aspects 2.3.2 Physical aspects

Suez road

Eastern Haggana (Study Area)

Western Haggana | Eltabba Street conditions & infrastructure Building conditions Facilities Transportation Economic

Exterior decorative painting on ground floor

Environmental conditions

Re-using building materials (finishing and steel)

Location

Efforts to decorate with brick construction

Signs of proposed construction

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Low

High 13

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2. Profiling the area 2.3 Urban aspects 2.3.2 Physical aspects

Suez road

Eastern Haggana (Study Area)

Western Haggana | Eltabba Street conditions & infrastructure Building conditions Facilities Transportation Economic

Mosques

Environmental conditions

NGOs

Location

Schools

Pharmacies and clinics Integrated Case Study - IUSD III - Ain Shams University - Phase I

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High 14

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2. Profiling the area 2.3 Urban aspects 2.3.2 Physical aspects

Suez road

Eastern Haggana (Study Area)

Western Haggana | Eltabba Street conditions & infrastructure Building conditions Facilities Transportation Economic

Donkey cart

Mini micro bus

Environmental conditions

Truck

Location

Car transportation at the entrance

TukTuk

Integrated Case Study - IUSD III - Ain Shams University - Phase I

TukTuk-Driver

Low

High 15

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2. Profiling the area 2.3 Urban aspects

2.3.3 Economic aspects Suez road

Eastern Haggana (Study Area)

Western Haggana | Eltabba Street conditions & infrastructure Building conditions Facilities Transportation

Some buildings show higher economic value through the finishing

Economic Environmental conditions

Economic activity can be restricted to a shop or extended to street

Location

Commercial shops on ground floor mostly run by women

Awamiya and Ghawasa families dominate the cafe industry

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High 16

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2. Profiling the area 2.3 Urban aspects

2.3.3 Economic aspects Suez road

Eastern Haggana (Study Area)

Western Haggana | Eltabba Street conditions & infrastructure Building conditions Facilities Transportation Economic Environmental conditions

Informal gathering around commercial shops

Food strip at the entrance

Location

High-rise buildings on the fringe show difference in economic value Car fixing strip Integrated Case Study - IUSD III - Ain Shams University - Phase I

Active night commercial scene

Low

High 17

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2. Profiling the area 2.3 Urban aspects

2.3.4 Environmental aspects Suez road

Eastern Haggana (Study Area)

Western Haggana | Eltabba Street conditions & infrastructure Building conditions Facilities Transportation Economic Environmental conditions

Burning garbage

Constant airplane noise pollution

Location

Garbage dumping Integrated Case Study - IUSD III - Ain Shams University - Phase I

Low

High 18

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2. Profiling the area 2.3 Urban aspects

2.3.5 Socio-cultural aspects Suez road

Meeting spots for children

Eastern Haggana (Study Area)

Western Haggana | Eltabba

Neighborhood spirit

Free drinking water for community despite water shortage

Location

Weddings take place in street temporary events

Community initiated signage and surveying signs

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Low

High 19

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2. Profiling the area 2.3 Urban aspects

Architecture

Lot sizes

2.3.6 Mapping urban aspects over time

Development of urban fabric large lots: 1000-2000 sqm

50 -60 sqm

4 m x 7m lots

Development of building typologies & life style - deteriorated 1 storey - workshops/ suez house typology - mudbrick/ stone

1930s

Economic

Feddan: 4200 sqm

- 2 -4 storey buidings with introduction of concerte - added floors for sons/ renting

1940s

1950s

1960s

1970s

- multistorey buildings - 1012 floors due to real estate speculation - concrete buildings

1980s

1990s

2000s

- multistorey buildings - 10-12 floors due to real estate speculation - concrete buildings -parking space becomes valuable

2010s

owning: 0.25 pounds

owning: 1.5 pounds

owning: 2000- 4000 pounds

renting: 2 pounds

renting: 250 pounds

renting: ?

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Development of land value

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2. Profiling the area 2.3 Urban aspects

2.3.7 Conclusions and impressions

Strengths

Weaknesses

Opportunities

Threats

• Less pollution inside Haggana due to less cars

• No agricultural or green zone • Rooftop gardening failed as an initiative • Garbage and sewage water in the streets could negatively affect the health of the inhabitants • Access to clean water also puts inhabitants health at risk

• Hill condition could allow for natural wind ventilation • Rooftop greening could be re-intitiated through Nagwa‘s NGO and management • Rainwater collection and storage as well as grey water treamtent

• Flooding could occur due to heavy rainfall and weak infrastructure

• Village like setting in how people salute and interact with each other • Inhabitants from different backgrounds including Upper Egypt and inner city • Communal drinking water sharing despite water constraints

• Envy between neighbours due to different levels of development in the area

• Mapping the social capital amongst the inhabitants in order to benefit from it

• Increasing density and floors/ building is lessening the interaction and community spririt among the neighbours

• Communal money sharing serves as an informal way of financial assistance • Strong position of women occupying the shops on the ground floor provide equal gender economic opportunity • Vibrant commercial activity at night • Car-repair and food commercial strips attract people from outside Haggana

• Increasing economic levels among some inhabitants causes friction in the community • Inhabitants are occupied with buying affluent gadgets before allocating proper services and education

• Money sharing could inspire similar self organized sharing initiatives

• Increasing land and apartment prices due to real estate speculation, especially on the fringe where price trends are influenced by the adjacent formal areas • Presence of excesive financial funding discourages the inhabitants from committing to consistent jobs for a living

• Self organized commitee of natural leaders used to solve legal issues in the community

• Lack of basic services despite government policies to introduce them. Also, bad implementation often leads to conflicts

• The establishment of MOURIS could lead to comprehensive upgrading strategies.

• Lack of legality puts most residents at risk of losing their home, and this affects their motivation and ownership feelings

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3. Mapping community developments in the area 3.1 Description of each intervention 3.1.1 Location of interventions

Sewage network upgrading Construction of 8 houses through Emaret Elensan NGO

9

8

Proposed building for reconstruction

by Emaret Elensan NGO

Military proposed land for services: - post office - police station - community center

6 10

2 3

1 4

Street renovation

by Elshoukery

5 7

Military proposed land for services: - public garden - school

Proposed interventions Implemented interventions Integrated Case Study - IUSD III - Ain Shams University - Phase I

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3. Mapping community developments in the area 3.1 Description of each intervention 3.1.2 Mapping of interventions over time

1998

2004 Government provides services

2005 Street naming on google earth

2009

2012

2014

Military land allocation

Nursery & computer lessons by Emaret El Ensan

Studio 95 land sharing plan

Government upgrading

Cultural

by EEE

center

8 houses built by Emaret El Ensan Street upgrading by Choucairy

Annual military food donations

Natural leaders commitee always solve problems

Annual financial donations through Jabal El Rahma

Collective sharing

Integrated Case Study - IUSD III - Ain Shams University - Phase I

money

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3. Mapping community developments in the area 3.1 Description of each intervention 3.1.3 Scope and scale of each intervention

Actor profiling

3.1.3.1 Top-down interventions

individual/ natural leader governmental

a)

Military

food donations

organizations CBO/ NGO private sector

b)

Governorate

Intervention scope

street numbering

intervention monitoring financial developmental (physical) developmental (social)

c)

in collaboration

Studio 95 Nasr City Real Estate

land sharing strategy

Intervention scale individual level * family level **

GoPP

ISDF Governorate * individual level: individuals profit from the intervention

community level ***

** family level: selected familites profits from the intervention *** community level: community profits from the intervention

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3. Mapping community developments in the area 3.1 Description of each intervention 3.1.3 Scope and scale of each intervention

Actor profiling

3.1.3.2 Bottom-up interventions

a)

Heliopolis women & other donors

nursery & computer classes

individual/ natural leader governmental

financial donations

Emaret El Ensan

education & awareness raising

organizations CBO/ NGO

teachers

private sector

Intervention scope

b)

Heliopolis women & other donors

financial donations

contruction of cultural centre

Emaret El Ensan

intervention monitoring

construction of 9 houses & 1 flat

financial developmental (physical) developmental (social)

Residents

c)

Caritas

in collaboration

beading training

Intervention scale individual level * family level **

d)

Contractors

construction of houses

Landowners Integrated Case Study - IUSD III - Ain Shams University - Phase I

* individual level: individuals profit from the intervention

community level ***

** family level: selected familites profits from the intervention *** community level: community profits from the intervention

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3. Mapping community developments in the area 3.1 Description of each intervention 3.1.3 Scope and scale of each intervention

Actor profiling

3.1.3.2 Bottom-up interventions

individual/ natural leader

e)

Businessmen (active & passive)

governmental financial donations

organizations

Jabal El Rahma

CBO/ NGO private sector

f)

Legal/ problem solving committee

conflict solving

g)

Collective financial support by community

money collection

Intervention scope intervention monitoring financial developmental (physical)

h)

Jabal El Rahma

education for kids and women

i)

Street naming committee

street naming

developmental (social) in collaboration

Intervention scale Emaret El Ensan

individual level * family level **

j)

Choucairy

street upgrading * individual level: individuals profit from the intervention

community level ***

** family level: selected familites profits from the intervention *** community level: community profits from the intervention

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3. Mapping community developments in the area 3.1 Description of each intervention 3.1.3 Scope and scale of each intervention

Actor profiling

3.1.3.3 Bottom-up and top-down interventions

individual/ natural leader governmental

a)

Governorate

Ministries

providing electricity, sanitary, water & gas

organizations CBO/ NGO

monitoring implementation of sanitary

private sector

Jabal El Rahma

Al Shehab

Intervention scope intervention

b)

ISDF

financial donations

Emaret El Ensan

monitoring

painting of house

financial developmental (physical) developmental (social) in collaboration

c)

UN-Health

Intervention scale promoting health

individual level *

Al Shehab

family level **

GIZ * individual level: individuals profit from the intervention

community level ***

** family level: selected familites profits from the intervention *** community level: community profits from the intervention

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3. Mapping community developments in the area 3.2 Stakeholder analysis Top-down

3.2.2 Mapping of stakeholders

Ministries Central Government

Military

Strong relation Moderate relation

Ministry of housing Water company

Ministry of

Weak relation

Energy

One time collaboration

MOURIS Electricity &

Sanitation & sewage institute

Financial

Electricity Company

In collaboration

Governorate GOPP

Contractors & landowners

Caritas

UN-Health

Choucairy

Bottom-up

Al Shebab

Collective financial support by community

Studio 95

Nasr City Real Estate

GIZ

Street naming committee

Tensions

ISDF

Nagwa

Emerat

Jabal El

El Nasan

Rahma

Heliopolis women & other donors

Legal/ problem solving committee

Business men (active &

Haga Abdu

6 Natural leaders

passive)

RESIDENTS Integrated Case Study - IUSD III - Ain Shams University - Phase I

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3. Mapping community developments in the area 3.3 Residents’ perception

3.3.1 Community oriented behaviour

Labeling:

Shared Access:

Water sharing:

Beautification:

Street naming:

Legal committee:

Community effort in labeling areas

Many building entrances share a dead-end street access which increases interaction

Drinking water is publically offered in the street, as in formal areas although there is a water shortage.

Efforts to beautify shared entrances and spaces and not just commercial shops increases feelings of ownership.

A collective effort to name the streets on the streets in the area was done 10 years ago on google earth

A commitee of natural leaders including Hajj Abdo act as legal mediators in family, estate and other conflicts.

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3. Mapping community developments in the area 3.3 Residents’ perception 3.3.2 Standard of living

• The residents perceptions of the area were deduced through unstructured interviews • Some of the questions were: 1. What do you feel the area lacks?

2. What do you like/ dislike most about the area?

3. How long have you been here? Will you stay here forever?

general perceptions

social aspects

physical aspects

unhelpful neighbours

decreasing life quality

Pharmacy Employee:

negative attitudes

lack of proper services

The area is fine but something needs to be done about the people’s attitudes and interaction manners

presence of drug dealers

unknown NGO interventions

unknown NGO efforts general satisfaction

Em Nasser:

Tuktuk driver:

Shoe shop owner:

No body helped me when I first moved here, except for one neighbour who provided me with electricity I am happy here its my home

It is the worst informal settlemtnt due to thugs.

However its my home even if the quality of life is decreasing over time

The area is self sufficient and could potentially be much better if the people would interact and behave better.

Integrated Case Study - IUSD III - Ain Shams University - Phase I

The general perception of satisfaction of the area was found. Interviewed residents generally complained about either social or physical aspects. In the case of residents complaining of social issues this could partially be explained by their financial ability to make up for the government’s lack of services.

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4. Discussion and recommendation 4.1 International case study Incremental Housing Strategy in Pune/India According to the Basic Services for the Urban Poor scheme (BSUP) under Jawaharlal Nehru National Urban Renewal Mission (JNNURM) by the Indian Government, seven slums in the city of Pune were upgraded by the architect Prasanna Desai, Urban Nouveau partnered with the Society for the Promotion of Area Resource Centres (SPARC).

Before: Unsafe and chaotic living conditions.

Before: People live in shelters at the top of houses.

Collage 1: for the Slum Mother Teresa Nagar.

During: Community participation during the entire process.

During: Discussing the timetable and the upgrading process.

Collage 2: for the Slum Mother Teresa Nagar.

After: Safe and clean living conditions.

After: Kids walking in a clean street.

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4. Discussion and recommendation 4.2 How to approach the area in the future Less charity, more empowerment!

Jabal El Rahma

a)

Heliopolis women & other donors

Emerat El Nasan

Businessmen

People are not motivated to work as they receive a lot of donations.

Instead the money should flow in project which empower the community and increase their knowledge. education, awareness raising, job training

(active & passive)

Give people identity and dignity! b)

c) Governorate

Al Shehab

Ministries

Strenghten the monitoring of implementation of intrastructure as the construction is not done in a proper way!

providing electricity, sanitary, water & gas

Governorate

street numbering

Make the numbering more obvious (bigger & colour): Jabal El Rahma

Integrated Case Study - IUSD III - Ain Shams University - Phase I

1. easier for orientation in Haggana 2. people are recognized and given identity

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4. Discussion and recommendation 4.2 How to approach the area in the future Increase awareness! d)

Heliopolis women & other donors

financial donations

Emerat El Nasan

put dust bins Putting dustpins with the logo of Emerat El Nasan: 1. Cleaner environment 2. Make NGO known in the area

e) NGOs

raising awareness through theatre Rehearse a theatre with the kids about values and hygine and play it at public spaces in Haggana

f) NGOs

raising awareness through social media NGOs using facebook to present themselves, publish their activites and look for donors

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