Monotheistic Architecture

MONOTHEISTIC ARCHITECTURE

Faizan Mohamedy

MONOTHEISTIC ARCHITECTURE A STUDY IN COMBINING SACRED SPACE FOR THREE RELIGIONS

A Thesis Presented to the Undergradute Faculty of The NewSchool of Architecture & Design In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Bachelor of Architecture

by Faizan Mohamedy

2018 Faizan Mohamedy ALL RIGHTS RESERVED

MONOTHEISTIC ARCHITECTURE A STUDY IN COMBINING SACRED SPACE FOR THREE RELIGIONS

A Thesis Presented to the Undergradute Faculty of The NewSchool of Architecture & Design

by Faizan Mohamedy

Approved by:

Undergraduate Chair: Michael Stepner

Date

Studio Instructor: Raúl Díaz

Date

Title Page ......................... i Copyright Page ................. ii Abstract ........................... iii Signature Page ................. iv Dedication ........................ v Acknowledgements ........... vi Table of Contents .............. vii

CONTENTS

01

INTRODUCTION

06

02

RESEARCH

14

03

SITE ANALYSIS

30

04

PRECEDENT STUDY

42

05

CONCEPT/DIAGRAMS

66

06

PROCESS/DESIGN METHODS

92

07

FINAL SCHEMATIC DESIGN

118

1

SEEING THE BIG PICTURE

Multiculturalism is the coexistence of diverse cultures that reflects a wide variety of race,religions and ethnicities.

Many believe that multiculturalism is “forced assimilation”, on the contrary, multiculturalism is the merging of societies to reflect individual values, religious belief, languages, and racial diversity. Multiculturalism brings people together. The more we learn and understand each other, the more tolerant and global we become. Our cultural values, traits and beliefs may be different, we all are different, but together we are the same….we all belong to the same human race.

We must respect each other’s differences throughout the world and learn not to fear those difference in order to prevent racism, hate and discrimination. The goal of creating a multicultural reflection space is to bridge America’s melting pot of ethnic, racial and religious diversity. The intent of this structure is to create a space for people to reflect and have dialogues so that we can understand and learn from each other. It will be a community center that will offer a prayer space for people of all religions, bring people together through community events and offer a wide variety of ethnic and fusion restaurants. Understanding and celebrating our differences and bridging societies will make our community stronger. As the world moves toward globalization, we must think of creating spaces that are breeding grounds for seeking knowledge where people are encouraged to respect and embrace one another regardless of their ethnicity religion language or beliefs.

June 2018 San Diego,CA

2

"

But we all belong to

one human race.

We all share the same basic values."

Kofi Annan

- Figure 1. Picture of Monotheistic icon and A quote by Kofi Annan

3

DEDICATION This book is dedication to my families, this project would not have been accomplised without their support. In particular, I would like to thanks to both of my parents, brother and grandparents for always expressing interest and asking me how my thesis was going even when I felt like burying my head in the sand and pretending it didn’t exist. They reminded me and pushed me and that’s what I needed to keep going.

Also, an enormous thanks to the teachers and friends in my life who have volunteered their time to work and help with me and ensure the success of this study and support me in various ways: Raúl Díaz, Eric Farr, Aaron Ho, Alfredo Carrillo, Edgar Rosas, Gabriel Cajina, Ivette Ramos, Karan Gautam, Mahmood Fadul, Nitin Sharma, Poema Sandoval, Zaid Soudani and everyone else who has offered a kind word of encourgament over the past couple of years. Every bit of encourgement helped.

I love you all with my all my heart and you are the inspiration for everything I do.

4

Acknowledgements Great efforts have been undertaken to bring this project to fruition.

However, it would not have been possible without the constant support, encouragement and assistance of many friends, colleagues, teachers and my parents. I wish to extend my sincere gratitude to all of them.

I am especially indebted to my instructor Raul Diaz for his guidance and supervision. Not only has he been instrumental in providing the tools and resources needed to complete this project, but he has also been an amazing mentor.

Heartfelt thanks to my parents and grandparents for their unconditional love, support and encouragement. They often got me through my most difficult and challenging days.

Last, but not least, a very special thanks to my friends and colleagues for always being team players and never holding back. The struggles would have been even more difficult and often impossible to overcome if not for the camaraderie, sharing of ideas, and their genuine willingness to help especially when hitting road blocks (of which there were many).

The road to achieving a bachelor’s degree in Architecture has been long and arduous, with time as our enemy, but through the Grace of God, we survived and made it!

Congrats to the Class of 2018‌.Wishing you all great success and endless opportunities!!!

gratissimum

ahlaan wa sahlan

shalom

welcome

latin - arabic - hebrew

01 INTRODUCTION

7

- Figure 1.1 Diagram of the towers and sacred space (by author).

Thesis statement For centuries, religious space has a singular meaning, they have been designed with only one religion in mind for the beliefs. With the expansion of globalism, it is important to bring people together by breaking religious silos. We must understand that regardless of our differences, we are all humans. The concept of creating interfaith spaces is to bring people and communities together regardless of religion, language, cultures, or races. This study will explore the idea of minarets and bell towers that have no relations to one another sides their

heights and their status as religious symbols for two majors’ religions, Islam and Catholicism respectively.

Trying to understand that Jewish doesn’t want to expose their religion to the outsider because of how the Catholic tried to destroy their temple tower. Through actions the gateway or transition to spiritual communication with another realm of being, can allow healing and leaning to take place. The concept is an exploration of designing space that searches for the significant of the tower is to those three religions of the spaces for Catholic, Jewish and Muslim.

8

GOALS OF PROBLEM SOLVING

Understanding the problem of how the sacred space are constructed physically through the body and spatially through structures

Investigating sacred spaces allows us to identify and better comprehend how people define themselves, insider vs. outsider position

Sacred space spotlight and condense people’s most strongly-held and behaviors, sacred spaces are central to out understanding of cultures.

- Figure 1.2 Diagram of the Goal of problem solving (by author).

9

- Figure 1.3 Diagram of solving the problems (by author).

Problem statement Culture is a mystery. The challenge, will a culturally diverse background bring fresh ideas and new approaches to problem solving. However, introducing different understanding and expectations regarding dynamics and integration, the question becomes how multiculturalism can effectively work and identify better secular and religious belief through the body, belief and behavior. I believe that the biggest challenge is the culture diversity because when the people we collaborate with are from different cultures, people can tend to attribute things that go wrong, such as miscommunications and delays, on cultural differences.

We don’t understand how people from the other culture think and what drives their behavior. If we don’t understand the people we perform with, it’s hard to collaborate and get positive results.

However, investigating sacred spaces allows us to identify and better comprehend how people define themselves, insider versus outsider positions. Understanding the problem of how the sacred space are constructed physically through the body and spatially through structures. I believe that because the sacred space spotlight and condense people’s most strongly-held and behaviors, sacred spaces are central to our understanding of cultures.

10

- Figure 1.4 Diagram of the towers (by author).

Critical position statement When the Mosque want to identify itself through styli's expression in architecture I believe that highly diverse Muslim communities in Western countries make the problem of identify through a certain style even more complex. However, catholic believe that they need to have tower to show that they are better than Muslim and Jewish. I had a conversation with the person who is from Jewish community, had told me that Synagogue had to shut down the tower because of the conspiracy to prevent the “truth” from being exposed. In my opinion, what the person meant to say that back in those days when catholic took over the land from Jewish and Muslim. The catholic destroy their tower and doesn't want any religion to have tower.

But does religious freedom mean religious worship spaces should no longeradhere to their own faith and should instead become public market places where all belief systems are equally valid, or, as some believes, equally invalid?”

Therefore, by showing who got the tower, it shows the symbolic of the building that show their representative of their religions. Aside to religions, I believe that it is important to understand what their intent of the religion and what’s the value without causing any dramatic.

02 RESEARCH

15

Architecture Problem Sacred space typically symbolizes the spiritual path and its goals this analysis studies the impact of multicultural religion on the theory and practice of architectural modernism. It leads to issues of a more general nature. Religion and architectural modernism have interacted and continue to interact in many different ways.

The powerful determinant of race in affecting every aspect of the built environment has a long history. The specialization of race relations, as a social act of structural racism rests at the center of the dominant culture’s practice of planning and building. The goal is to combine with the activist practice to overcome uneven development.

The hope is that critical architecture would align with the most progressive social movements in place today in order to extend forms of resistance even as we accommodate the mainstream. Meanwhile, identifying the openness to and understanding of mainstreaming while at the same time challenging it. I want to focus on practice of culturally on the significant buildings, especially religious, helps to refine and promote a multicultural architecture as an integral part of our built environment.

16

COMMUNITY UNITY

INTERACT

EXPAND GROW

SPIRTITUAL

DISCOVER TAKE CARE

LEARN

REFLECT

CULTURAL

SACRED SPACE - Figure 2.0 Diagram of gathering the inspiration words (by author).

17

Common ground - 3 Religions Monotheistic Religions Jewish

Catholic

Islam

Belief

in One God

in One God Holy Trinity -God the Son(Jesus Christ) -God the Father -God the Holy Spirit

in One God Mohammed(PBUH) - is his prophet

Religious Leader

Rabbi

Priest

Iman

Holy Book

Torah

Bible

Quran

Holy Day

Saturday

Sunday

Friday

Major Holidays

Hannukah Passover Rosh Hashanah Yom Kippur

Easter Christmas

Eid Al-Fitr Eid Al-Adha

Place of Worship

Synagogue

Church

Mosque

Prophets

Adam Noah Abraham Moses

Adam Noah Abraham Moses John the Bapist

Adam Noah Abraham Moses Yahya (John the Bapist) Mohammed(PBUH) - the most important

- Figure 2.1 Chart of common ground of the religions (by author).

18

Mosque

Minaret

Church

Synagogue

Bell tower

No tower

a. The actual heights of the towers.

+

=

Same Height b. The same heights of the towers.

- Figure 2.2 Diagrams of solving the height towers. (by author).

3 in 1 c. Three different temple into one space.

19

Intention Sacred space is made for people who gathered together for a meaningful experience. The design of the sacred space is itself an exercise on how sacred architecture might bring people together, in community, instead of driving them apart. My goal is creating space for people to be connected and gain new experience. However, looking for an avenue to spiritually value dialogue, understanding, empathy and authenticity. I am aiming to provides a space for sharing, a place for those from difference traditions, such as Catholic, Jewish and Muslim that values culture to meet and engage in dialogue, and to nurture the UCSD community.

- Figure 2.3 Diagrams of the height towers on the site. (by author). >

20

The empty space The site area is shown as a strong strategic point to install a vertically developed voume.

At the same time it has a strong character as place of gathering , meeting and socializing.

The expansion concept Relying on sacred space for height of the tower, understanding that the height is limitation.

The sacred space tries to give an answer to various to UCSD spatical issues of the city. As an extension of the in specifc site existingpedestrian paths, its allows a vibrant free-flow due to its variously modulated scenic routes.

21

Ban Location germany

sweden

netherlands

denmark austria

belgium

switzerland

philippines

italy

france

the countries where towers are banned.

- Figure 2.4 A map of the location where it’s banned (by author).

22

Banned.....

In some countries where the minarets and synangouges tower are banned. I found some research that they talked about how Catholic took the control over Muslim and Jewish’s culture. I believe that they’re banned because they are the symbols of an expansionist, supremacist ideology that has no place in Switzerland, in Europe or the world, for that matter.

It was a clear signal to Muslim and Jewish fanatics that they would not be tolerated.

23

The concept model talked about how to bring the 3 different religions of Catholic, Jewish and Muslim together in one space.

24

The concept model talked about how the religion disconnect and go to different path but my goal is how can I bring them into one space without them getting offended.

25

Heights The aspect of building height can show how important and focus on the heights meaning of the tower can be in representing the symbolic building.

The goal is to create the same height for all religions to show how their religions are equal. The site, itself would be considering as an landmark.

- Figure 2.5 Diagrams of the the heights based on the code. Goal of creating three tower in a same heights. (by author). >

26

DIFFERENT TOWER HEIGHTS

ONE SACRED SPACES UNITY AND VAREITY

tower as a landmark

10 feet

20 feet

30 feet

03 SITE ANALYSIS

31

The site is facing from NE, showing how two different directions have two different slopes which make it very interesting.

The site is facing from NW, showing interesting perspective of seeing what surronded the site.

32

I pick the Site 1 over Site 2 because there is more opporunity surrounding the location however, UCSD have all vareity of religious classes that may help in guiding to sacted space. Also there are alot of Churches, Synaouges and Mosques close by. The site itself has a great pathway connected to the university which I called it the “a journey of a sacred space�, such as the Ridge walk.

SITE LOCATIONS UCSD 9500 Gilman Dr, La Jolla, CA 92093

SDSU 5500 Campanile Dr, San Diego, CA 92182

- Figure 3.0 . A map of the site of UCSD and SDSU in San Diego (Google earth, 2017).

John Jay Hopkins Dr.

Torrey Pines Center North

Gene

g

n t Dri v e

lars

Driv

Visitor Information Center North Campus Recreation Area

c Dr.

Future Eleanor Roosevelt College

Pangea Parking Structure

Thurgood Marshall Lane

Scholars Drive North

Pangea Drive

Extended Studies & Public Programs

RIMAC Arena

Institute of the Americas

San Diego Supercomputer Center

Fitness Par Course Voig t

Marshall College Field

a yL

Driv

u al it

North Torrey Pines Road

Salk Institute Road

Ecological Park

North Campus

Ridge Walk

Sceni

R i d g e Wa l k

Pines

Scho

Torrey

e

Eq

P oi

venu

Hopkins Drive

rth

e N.

No

see A

North Point Lane

Torrey Pines Center South

e

Warren College

4

Thurgood Marshall College

Book Drop

Muir College Drive

Jacobs Schoolof Eng

Geisel Library

Warren Mall

University Center Matthews Lane

S

South

R i d g e Wa l k

Gilman Drive

R i d g e Wa l k

Muir Field

ne

Mandeville Center Student Center B Student Center

Muir College

ville La

Schola rs Drive

Mande

Scholars Lane

ler

La

n

Guava

h

ve S o Sc

ho l

a

Visitor Information Center

e Sou th

Theatre District

Theatre

Gilman Drive

ege Coll elle Rev ve Dri La Jolla Mandell PlayhouseWeiss

D ri

Revelle College Mandell Weiss Forum

E xp ed it

Os

ut

rs

North Torrey Pines Road

Scholars Drive South

rive res D Sho

e

olla

School of Medicine e

Driv

La J

an

Revelle Plaza

Sch olar s Driv

y Wa

Parking Office

Gilm

Revelle Commons

io n

Matthews Quad

Villa La

North Torrey Pines Road

ms

7

Lane Russell

F ar

Chancellor’s Complex

7

ive

La Jo lla

Faculty Club

Price Center & Bookstore Myers Dr

Ro a d

Muir Lane

Library Walk

0 63 o9

t

La Jolla Villa ge Drive

La J

ive Dr er nt Ce ce ien Sc

Ge

ne

see

Av

en

ue

e

Ge ne eA e

mp

Voigt Drive

Ca

Justice Lane

nu

n e

ve

Campus Services Complex

Preuss School

ig Vo tD

Canyonview Aquatics & Activities Center

r.

gineering

u s P o i n t D ri v

e

se

Pool

Voig

iv t Dr

Cam

e

pus

Poin

t Dri

ve

Recreation Fields an

Lan

e

Eleanor Roosevelt College

Me

dic

al

C

rD

riv

eN

ort

Shiley Eye Center

h

Health Sciences Drive

Thornton Hospital

Perlman

Gilman

(Future Sixth College)

te en

Gilman Parking Structure

5 Me

dic

al C

ente

r

e Driv

So

UCSD Medical Center La Jolla

uth

Regents Road

Lym

Drive

an

1

Science Research Park

Eastgate Mall

Miramar Street

VA Medical Center

Executive Drive

ge

Driv

e

e

illa

riv

aV

nD

Joll

bo

La

La

ll Jo

aV

illa

ge

Dr

ive

Regents Road

Regents Park Row

Le

Villa La Jolla Drive

a Jo

lla

Driv

e

Mesa Housing

35

Religion classes...

The study of religion is the ideal program for any student who, fascinated by core questions concerning human culture and history, wants the intellectual freedom to pursue answers from a wide variety of perspectives.

- Figure 3.2 Diagrams of the masterplan focusing on where the campus are teaching the religious classes. (by author). >

- Figure 3.1 An master planning of UCSD, understanding the purpose of the area. (by author).

- Figure 3.3 Diagrams of the location where the Cathedrals, Mosques and Synanouges are. (by author). > - Figure 3.4 Diagrams of the student organizations. (by author). >

>

36

macro[economics]

Fig. 3.5 The diagram below, the gold circle is showing where the religious classes are.

Torrey Pines Center North

North Point Lane

Torrey Pines Center South

g

rth

P oi

n t Dr i v e

Visitor Information Center North Campus Recreation Area

Sc ho

.

r.

W

Pool

ve

mp Ca rD

riv

eN

Health Sciences Drive

Thornton Hospital

Perlman

d

lC ica

ente

rD

rive

So

uth

UCSD Medical Center La Jolla

Science Research Park

Regents Road

n Drive

nte

Eastgate Mall

Miramar Street

Student [organizations] Jolla

h

Vill

a La

eS o

Visitor Information Center

La Jolla Village Drive

Villa La Jolla Drive

South

Theatre District

Ce

5

VA Medical Center

Guava

D ri v rs

arisneDsriR veoaSdouth North ToSrcrehyolP

Dri

i

an

Theatre

la

al

Fig. 3.6 The diagram above, it's showing the distance of where the Cathedral(brown), Synagouge(blue) and Mosque(green) are.

Drive

Gilm

lege Col elle Rev e Driv La Jolla Mandell PlayhouseWeiss

ho Sc

dic

an

ut

Revelle College

Me

Shiley Eye Center

h ort

Me

School of Medicine e Os

pus

rive

Gilma

Library Walk

Library Walk

R i d g e Wa l k R i d g e Wa l k

Schola rs Drive

Lane

South

e

Russell

Eleanor Roosevelt College

(Future Sixth College)

Gilman Drive

L ler

Cam

Drive

Lane

Parking Office

Revelle Plaza

Schola rs Drive

an

Gilman Parking Structure

Lane

E xp ed it

Matthews Quad

eville

Muir Field

Mandell Weiss Forum y Wa

Lym

Mand

Mandeville Center Student Center B Student Center

Muir College

Revelle Commons

on

Myers Driv

7

gt Voi

tD Poin

Recreation Fields

Price Center & Bookstore

Chancellor’s Complex

7

Scholars Lane

u s P o i n t D r i ve

ali t

Justice Lane

R i d g e Wa l k

Eq u

Preuss School Canyonview Aquatics & Activities Center

Warren Mall

Matthews Lane

Faculty Club

e

tD

Jacobs Schoolof Engineering

Geisel Library

University Center

Muir Lane

Voigt Drive

ig Vo

Book Drop

Muir College Drive

Campus Services Complex

nu

Warren College

4

ve

e

4

Thurgood Marshall College

North Torrey Pines Road

e

eA

Marshall College Field

an yL

t Driv

se

Voig

P

Fitness Par Course

ne

Scholars Drive North

San Diego Supercomputer Center

Ge

North Torrey Pines Road

Thurgood Marshall Lane

Pangea Drive

Extended Studies & Public Programs

RIMAC Arena

Institute of the Americas

Pangea Parking Structure

Ecological Park

North Campus

Ridge Walk

Future Eleanor Roosevelt College

Hopkins Drive

lars D rive

N.

No

micro[economics] Catholic Student Community

Chabad Jewish Association

Muslim Student Association

Fig. 3.7 These are the student organization where the students gather around and help others or create the new event and the meetings.

37

a. site location The location is in southern of La Jolla across from UCSD.

d. node The main intersect surronding the site.

b. path It showing the pathway of access into the site from UCSD and residential area.

e. approach The approach is where people should attend to the site.

c. district The district is where the residential area are.

f. traffic The diagram is showing where the traffic are.

Fig. 3.5 The site analysis diagram describe what the main focus of the site by understanding what’s going on around the site.

38

a. site location

c. district

e. approach

b. path

d. node

f. traffic

04 PREDECENT STUDY

43

JUBILEE CHURCH The Jubilee Church is a Catholic church and community center built in Rome,Italy in 2003. For the new Millennium, the Vatican wanted to“show and highlight the basic role that architecture plays in holy and religious 3 spaces. The design concept of the Jubilee Church is based on the “contrast between the cube and the sphere and the clean division, or connection point, is the main space of the church.”

Architect : Richard Meier Location : Rome Built completed : 2000 - Figure 4.0 A picture of Jubilee Church.

(Frances, 2014) >

44

45

a.

e.

c.

b.

d.

- Figure 4.1 Diagrams of the case study

a. A diagram of geometry of how the shape are created. b. An volume of massing that are created . c. An massing of structure. d. The diagram of reflection of the natural light that works better. e. An overlay of all the diagram.

46

- Figure 4.2 Map of Jubilee Church (Google Earth, 2017).

Diagram 1

47

COLOGNE MOSQUE The cologne mosque is the building is characterized by an interplay of glass, concrete and wood as well as by its transparent dome, which seems to be very light due to the architect‘s use of large areas of glass. The mosque is flanked by two delicate-looking 55-meter-tall minarets.

Architect : Paul Bohm Location : Germany Built completed : 2017 - Figure 4.3 A picture of Cologne Mosque.

(Sabah, 2017) >

48

49

a.

e.

c.

b.

d.

- Figure 4.4 Diagrams of the case study

a. A diagram of geometry of how the shape are created. b. An volume of massing that are created . c. An massing of structure. d. The diagram of reflection of the natural light that works better. e. An overlay of all the diagram.

- Figure 4.5 Map of Cologne Mosque (Google Earth, 2017).

Diagram 2

51

HECHAL YEHUDA SYNAGOUGE It was built in memory of the Jewish community of Thessaloniki that was almost completely destoryed during the Holocaust. It was important benefactor, acting around the world. The construction of the synagouge was completed in 1980. However, the north concrete facade is decorated with bas-reliefs of traditional Jewish motifs and symbols, made by artist Yechezkel Kimchi, while the coloured-glass windows, that present motifs from Jewish holidays, made by the local artist Josef Shealtiel. The shell-like design creates an interal space which enables the congregation to see and to hear from whereever they are seated.

Architect : Yitzhak Toledano Location : Israel Built completed : 1980 - Figure 4.6 A picture of Hechal Yehuda Synagouge.

(Yekkes, 2016). >

52

53

a.

e.

c.

b.

d.

- Figure 4.7 Diagrams of the case study

a. A diagram of geometry of how the shape are created. b. An volume of massing that are created . c. An massing of structure. d. The diagram of reflection of the natural light that works better. e. An overlay of all the diagram.

54

- Figure 4.8 Map of Hechal Yehuda Synagouge (Google Earth, 2017).

Diagram 3

55

THE HOUSE IN ONE THE HOUSE OF ONE is the three religion under one roof.

Berlin is soon to become home to something truly unique. Jews, Christians, and Muslims are planning to build a house of worship here – one that brings a synagogue, a church, and a mosque together under one roof. The three separate sections will be linked by a communal room in the center of the building. This will serve as a meeting place, where worshippers and members of the public can come together and learn more about the religions and each other.

Architect : Wilfried Kuehn Location : Berlin Built set to be completed : 2018 - Figure 4.9 A picture of The House in One (Colthorpe, 2014). >

56

57

Church

Central Meeting place

Synagouge

Mosque

The very idea is courageous.

And the fact that it is also to be realized attests to the especially strong wish to create a shared building in Berlin for all three monotheist religious communities, for the Christians, Jews and Muslims.

These 8 diagrams are the conceptual models of failed combinations of 3.

- Figure 4.10 Diagrams of the case study

61

Diagram 1 - Figure 4.11 Site of House in One (Google Earth, 2017).

Diagram 4

59

CORDOBA MOSQUE The Mezquita (Spanish for "Mosque") of Cordoba is a beautiful and fascinating building that symbolizes the many religious changes Cordoba has undergone over the centuries. The Mezquita is the cathedral of Cordoba , but the vast majority of its art and architecture is the work of Islamic architects, who built it as a mosque in the 8th century.

Architect : Hernan Ruiz the Younger, Elder & III Juan de Ochoa Praves, Diego de Ochoa Praves Location : Spain Built completed : 987 A.D. - Figure 4.12 A picture of Cordoba (Quero, 2010) . >

60

61

Plans of Torres del Rio

Slight Skew of the plan

ORANGE TREE COURTYARD

Plans of Alcala la Real (Pavon Maldonado Chapel)

Ground plan

ENTRANCE AND FORMER MINARET

Plan of Chapel of Talavera

Plan of domes of the maqsura The Cordoba started in 787 A.D in an late 8th century untill 11th century. It was divide into 4 different stages.

- Figure 4.13 An diagram of understanding of the floor plan (by author).

Diagram 1 - Figure 4.14 Site of Cordoba Mosque (Google Earth, 2017).

Diagram 5

- Image 1.3 The concept model of praying position of 3 religions (by author). >

05 CONCEPT/DIAGRAMS

67

Pattern The first concept is about how the pattern is significant to all three of the religions however, focusing on the geometric of how each shape actual represent their religious center. Their art seeks to portray the meaning and essence of things, rather than just their physical form. However, calligraphy is a major art form that significant decoration for objects and buildings. I also believe that geometry and patterns are important.

- Figure 5.0 Diagrams of the 6 different pattern that represent of the religion (by author). >

68

70

71 76

- Figure 5.1 A pattern facade on the site (by author).

72

77 74

75

- Figure 5.2 The different pattern overlay on the site (by author).

76

77

CATHOLIC

MUSLIM

JEWISH

78

Praying/Body structure The concept two talks about the body structure and how they pray of the human movement. It is important to perfect all of the movements of the prayer rather than rushing through them because I believe that each movement has a purpose. As in beginning the prayer the movements and postures are of both physical and spiritual benefit for us. It amazes me that all three religions have similarity position.

- Figure 5.3 Diagrams of the praying > position (by author).

80

81

- Figure 5.4 A praying position concept on the site (by author).

82

83

Praying wall The third concept which I called the “the praying wall� , it talks about how it focus on how they pray in the right direction where they have to pray. (need to do more research of why they pray in the right directions.) I did the concept because it is very interesting how three religions pray from north, north east and east. I use their symbol icon facing to the right directions.

- Figure 5.5 Diagrams of the icon where they face the direction of praying (by author). >

84

religious center

orienation

praying wall NE

MUSLIM JEWISH

N

NE

CATHOLIC

N E

E

86

87

- Figure 5.6 A praying wall concept on the site (by author).

88

- Image 1.4 All the models based on concept drawing (by author)

>

06 PROCESS DESIGN/ METHODS

93

Contemporary arts integrated into the architectural symbols Church

People

People

Catholic

Place

Place

Art

Sacred Spaces

Art

Jew

ish

slim

Mu

Religious perspective Mosque as it is expressed through ritual and architecture. Symbol is a integral part of the space.

- Figure 6.0 Diagrams of the program that bring people together (by author).

Art

People Place

Synagouge

Mental/Attitudes that makes up the individual and shape one’s perspective.

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Multifunctional spaces Cathedral PROGRAM

Mosque

Synagouge

Altar Sacristy Baptistery Confessionals Organ left Catechism room Garden

Courtyard Prayer Hall Ancillary Spaces Meeting place Distruution area Funtional areas Commitee room Conference room

Sanctuary House of Study House of Gathering House of Worship House of Assembly

Catholic

Muslim

Jewish

Church GOALS Mosque

Central Meeting place

- Figure 6.1 Diagrams of the program (by author).

Synagouge

typology - religious center

Sacred space

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Creating the goal...

There is different oppurunity based on praying position and have influences to the site and the community of UCSD. Also the praying position is something that monotheistic religion have. The massing have the different options of creating the pathway. The purpose of doing the praying position is something unique that creating an space that bring them in and understand what are the similar common ground.

CATHOLIC

MUSLIM

JEWISH

- Figure 6.2 Diagrams of praying position on the site in La Jolla (by author). >

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Lot Size: 34,539 SF Total Sq/Ft : 28,667.37 SF Percent of lot covered: 20 % Floor area ratio: 0.17 Height: 30’-0 ” Front yard setback: 16 ’-0 ” Actual Side yard setback: 3 ’-0 ” Actual Percent of green softscape: 13% Off street parking: NA

OGRAPHY

28,667.37 SQ.FT FLOOR AREA RATIO 0.17

FLOOR AREA RATIO

SITE SECTION FACING WEST

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34,539 SQ.F LOT AREA

LOT AREA

22,564 SQ.FT 16’ FRONT SETBACK

FRONT SETBACK

32,843 SQ.FT 3’ SIDE SETBACK

SIDE SETBACK

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Different level of path way

- Figure 6.4 Diagrams of the building (by author).

Two different angle of the roof

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Breakdown into two building of understanding the pathway

Goal to have circular pathway by 3 different entrance

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- Figure 6.5 Diagrams of taking the concept of praying position into a building of understanding how it would be a sacred (by author).

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fo ce spangs d i e r r sac athe sedcial g o l nc so i - eunal, Semomm c

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Rammed-earth core structure flanked with a translucent facade of wooden louvers.

While the warm aesthetics of the building and its use of sustainable natural methods should be enough to please any fan of modern green architecture, what’s perhaps more moving is how these aspects have been used to serve a symbolic and spiritual purpose for its parishioners.

Sacred soil Sacred space is supposedly to be open, quiet green space where safe environment where one can focus inward and experience the moment. Feeling the breeze and feeling the soil in your hands. I can create opportunities for people to have sacred experience but the likelihood of the experience itself depends on urban community engagement. For me, a sacred experience within a nearby nature place occurs when on-the-ground engagement happens.

Holy water While sacred in their own right, sacred springs also draw attention to the sacredness of water itself, reminding the Monotheistic religion, for example, that water is a symbol of blessed.

- Figure 6.6 Description and diagram of the green technology (by author).

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HOLY WATER

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Ridge walk begin

Ridge walk extension

Ridge walk end Religious classes

site entry the site

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Garden

main entrance is the meeting point of 3 circulation paths

Sacred soil

Water

Sacred space - the roof is slope, goal to gain direct daylighting

< - Figure 6.7 Extension of the ridge walk at UCSD to the site (by author).

- Figure 6.8 Site plan programming of understanding how green technologies influences to the site (by author).

Sunrise - West Entrance Sunset - East Entrance

<

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Sacred space

Enter Exit

Sacred Space Pathway Pathway

- Figure 6.9 Site plan of the pathway (by author).

When you enter the assembly, the pathway is showing the spiritual as you walk. It is more of exploratiion of understanding what the religion is all about, however finding the pathway to enter sacred space is where you gain the knowledge and have an conversation with people.

Ridge walk exte nsion

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SITE PLAN

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ICON REFLECTION TO THE RIGHT POSITION

GLAZING WHERE IT GLOWS THE ICON

- Figure 6.11 A diagram of understanding how light reflect the icon into the sacred space (by author).

REFLECTION FROM CEILING INTO WALL

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- Figure 6.12 An model of the icon (by author).

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Section perspective from East

Section perspective from main entrance North

Section perspective from South

- Figure 6.13 Section perspective of showing how the light reflect the main courtyard, sacred space and the gallery (by author).

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EVALUATION Hold on a thought.....

The three monotheist religious traditions, Judaism, Christianity and Islam, have more in common than in contention. All three believe God is one, unique, concerned with humanity’s condition.

Therefore, back to my project, understanding step by step of how to process the ideas that bring them together into one sacred space. Combining the three religion into one sacred space is the most challenging.

I believe that is because they concur not only in general, but in a particular ways. Common grounds, they tell stories of the same type and some of the stories that they tell turn out to go over much the same ground. Meaning that forming a single specie the three monotheisms among all theistic religions bear a unique relationship to one another.

As far I go further, trying to solve the problem by understanding how I can take the praying position into the architecture tectonic. I did so many time trying to understand what can I do to make it work without offending them or make them feel uncomfortable. I understand that they all want their way and not interfere each other.

Finding the solution of three religions that form a narrative relationship as do the successive revelations of monotheism. No other set of triplets tells a single, continuous story for themselves as do Islam in relationship to Christianity, and Christianity in relationship to Judaism.

My last original idea was combining the icon of their religion symbol and have them as lighting reflective to adapt the icon on the ground from ceiling. I did failed on that concept and it wasn’t working as I was expecting that it would.

The question is.... “How do Islam, Christianity and Judaism represent diverse choices among a common set of possibilities?”

Investigating the all three religions concur that the role of monotheistic religions in providing a firm foundation for the values of peace, truth, justice, right behaviour and cooperation in the development and use of the earth’s resources for the benefit of the whole of humanity, thus realising fraternity, peace and happiness for all peoples.

Understanding that I tried so many time until I got it. I research a lot of different information that would help me to achieve how I can make it work. However, I went back to my concept and look what are the symbolic of the religion. The “Pattern” are the representive of their worship place. They have the patterns so people would understand that this is a place to pray. Combination of praying position from pattern.

On my schematic package would show you the conceptual ideas what I was aiming for.....

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I chose the three different pattern that represent one religion each. These pattern is facing the direction where they pray. The icon, for example, the star of david for Jewish is in North direction, the moon for Islam is facing Northeast and the cross for Catholic is in East direction.

07 SCHEMATIC DESIGN

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La Jolla Village Dr.

UC San Diego Hillel La Jo lla S c

N

- Figure 7.0 Figure ground plan (by author).

Figure ground plan Scale :

16’ 8’

32’

en

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L a Jo lla S c enic

Garden

Dr N.

Sacred space

Gallery Main Courtyard Soil

Lobby Reception

W/R W/R

nic D

Holy Water

r N.

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Longitude Section - Section A

- Figure 7.1 Final Section perspective of showing how the light reflect the main courtyard, sacred space and the gallery. Mainly structure on the ceiling (by author).

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Latitude Section - Section B

- Figure 7.2 Final Section perspective of showing how the main entrance to the courtyard and seeing the spaces in sacred space (by author).

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ALL THINGS CONSIDERED...

Looking back over the concept from the previous chapter where it explain the process of site plan and the concept of regenerate the praying position into building.

Going back to my critical position where I focus on the tower and trying to create the three same height of the tower. The final conclusion is where I focus one tall tower where the concept of praying postion is.

The last three pages where I am focusing on site plan and two section perspective.

Lastly, looking into the section perspective help you understand how the structure of the pattern and the icon work. I did a lot of testing of how high can it go up to when standing at the right place to see the icon. I started of from 15 feet high to 30 feet high. The tower, itself is 70 feet high. The structure space is 30 feet and the glazing window where’s the point on top of tower is 10 feet high. When the sun moves and hit , that’s where it’s reflect .

The site plan explain how important the location are.

The reason I picked the site was because in UCSD, there are many Catholic, Jewish and Muslim in that area. When I visit the site, I spend time walking around the UCSD campus, I spoke to some people. As I was told that the campus is multicultural and people respect each other and enjoy learning new things. The main about the site is where I focused on three elements of green technologies, Water, Soil and Garden, these are very important to the sacred space because those help them for spirtual moments.

Other than that, the most interesting part is where they have mutiple green space for sidewalk. I focused on the “Ridge Walk”, on my masterplan from Chapter 6, it explain how the ridge walk influences the site and the sacred space. As you go to ridge walk, there are some religious classes that are on the way which I called it a “Journey to the Sacred space”. I made it extension to the site from the Ridge walk.

However, by looking into the section perspective, understanding is the space where you understand the spaces between galleries, main courtyard and the sacred space. Looking on the floor plan, it show three pathway that guide you to the sacred space depending where you coming from.

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The next four render will guide you to understand the purpose of the sacred space. As you entrance the sacred space, you will see three object that represent what they use for praying.

You will see pew(Catholic), rug(Muslim) and the stair of the wall(Jewish). You have to stand behind one of these object according to see the icon. Once you see the icon, you will get the idea that is the praying area facing the right direction. As you move anywhere else in the sacred space, you will see the complicated pattern.

The strcture itself have the icon cutting through from the ceiling to the point of tower. When I seperate those panel, there will be some icon symbol in each one.

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Entrance to Sacred Space

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Catholic Praying position

Muslim Praying position

Jewish Praying position

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RECAP I went from religion center community for most religions to a sacred space for monotheistic. It was very challenging and interesting, I found mostly similarities than differences between three religion. I had to make decision of what was my goal to achieve better combination for them. I went to UCSD and SDSU site visit on my own time. UCSD had better opportunity than SDSU and better pathway and connection between residential, commercial and institutional. The site itself is pretty much minimal size. I would considered it as in landmark.

Therefore, back to the research of the case study of Jubilee Church, Cologne Mosque, and Hechal Yehuda Synagogue, they all have the similarities structure form. That was my goal to creates similar to it because if I want to combines the religions, it would be very interesting of capture the light, spaces, structures, facades and etc. Other two case studies of Cordoba and House in One helps me to understand how to combine without interfere.

From the week 8th from AR501, the final presentation, I have receive an interesting feedbacks. I have learned so much after researching and gathering the information. I believe that it is the most challenging for me because I am not good at research the specific information. It always end up to broad instead of narrow. However, after the presentation, the feedback that I got was looking into two books which was Stan Allen’s book of “Field Condition” and the other book called “3 pure icons”. I also

look into one of the thesis book from previous year which was Mahmood’s. The other feedback that I need to look into the size of spaces as in proportional to one to the next, verify the site size and need to be adequate. Also I need to find out more of information about why the tower is significant. The other feedback I have received was “How are you going to invite atheists into the space”.

On the next step of week 11th, I have decide on which concept model I have chose and why. I chose the praying position because the patterns and the icons is common that people already known about and I don't think it would be better opportunity in UCSD area.

However, the praying position is interesting and I doubt that people are aware that they all are very similarities.

I believe that it would be the best option because I can look into many different ways to come up the design.

Therefore, I am researching more information of the purpose of praying position is significant and how it relevance to three religions. My goal is to research more of what is the critical position based on praying positions. And how it will help to develop the program activity. I am still struggling with the specific program for the spaces because I am not trying to creates something that it is already exist out there. My goal is to creates something that people can gain more knowledges information and enjoy when coming out of it.

The program that I was looking into was the outdoor spaces, devoted view the moon and

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stars, sharing space, traditional worship space, the element, a pub for conversation on spiritual religions, appreciate nature, galleria, meditation space and a place to give and receive. But I believe that those are the common spaces that most sacred spaces have. I am still looking into the program and try to get something out of it. The focus that I need to improve is the critical position, thesis and the program before I move on.

As AR502, it was the most challenging for me to analyzing how to capture the shadow into the right position of praying. I had to keep testing until I understood how it work, however I failed so many times.

It was absolute frustrated. During the midterm presentation. I got an feedback of understanding how to improve better and understand what I am doing.

After the midterm, I went back to my design and kept working until I achieved. However, it seems like I am getting there but not there yet. I understood what exactly I have to do.

Therefore, for the next quarter, my goal is to achieve my project well. I am aiming to focus on capturing the light into the right position. Understanding the materiality of how the water, garden and soil influences the art gallery and sacred space. I also need to focus on the material on exterior and interior. I am hoping to do well on showing the accurate detail drawing and rendering that people could understand how it work. Also my mainly goal is to focus on structure and how it helps based on sacred space and art gallery. I also want to understand what kind of structure improvise the natural building.

I am glad that I get alot of feedback that will guide me into the right directions.

Lastly, My project was sense of sacredness is achieved the space. From AR502 to AR503, I was struggling trying to understand how I can take the concept of praying position to the building. I spent almost 3 week and half focusing on structure of the pattern by cutting through the icon. I tried over and over until I achieved.

The comment I got was how does is become a building, site design needs to be incorporated and needs procession. Need doors. Do I need the height for the room. I realized that I spent too much time focusing on one thing than the other. I have to find a way to keep everything an balance. I really learned alot from those specfic comment. Other comment I recieved was that did the Architecture suffer because of the room?

Only if I had time, I would spend more time doing small details on everything which will make more sense, however the jury do thought that my project was super engaging project but I know there was a major pieces missing which was the connection of the Ridge walk to my site and not putting the information on my site.

Nevertheless, thank you for giving me a lot of the feedback, I truly learned a lot and will continue taking the lesson in the future.

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Appendices

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Chapter 1 1. Figure 1.0 Picture of Monotheistic icon and a quote by Kofi Annan.

2. Figure 1.1 Diagram of the towers and sacred space (by author).

3. Figure 1.2 Diagram of problem solving (by author).

4. Figure 1.3 Diagram of the towers (by author).

4. Figure 1.4 Diagram of the towers ( by author).

Chapter 2 1. Figure 2.0 Diagram of gathering the inspiration words (by author).

2. Figure 2.1 Chart of common ground of the religions (by author).

3. Figure 2.2 Diagram of solving the height towers (by author).

4. Figure 2.3 Diagram of the height towers on the site. (by author).

5. Figure 2.4 A map of the location where itâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s banned (by author).

6. Figure 2.5 Diagrams of the heights based on the code. Goal of creating three tower in a same heights (by author).

List of Figures/ Images

Chapter 3 1. Figure 3.0 A map of the site of UCSD and SDSU in San Diego (Google earth, 2017).

2. Figure 3.1 An master planning of UCSD, understanding the purpose of the area (by author).

3. Figure 3.2 Diagrams of the masterplan focusing on where the campus are teaching the religious classes (by author).

4. 3.4 Diagram of the student organizations ( by 5. Figure 3.5 The site analysis diagram describe what the main focus of the site by understanding whaâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s going on around the site.

Chapter 4 1. Figure 4.0 A picture of Jubilee Church (Frances, 2014) 2. Figure 4.1 Diagrams of the case study (by author).

3. Figure 4.2 Map of Jubilee Church (Google Earth, 2017).

4. Figure 4.3 A picture of Cologne Mosque (Sabah, 2017) 5. Figure 4.4 A Diagrams of the case study (by author).

6. Figure 4.5 Map of Cologne Mosque (Google Earth, 2017).

7. Figure 4.6 A picture of Hechal Yechal Synagouge (Yekkes, 2016).

8. Figure 4.7 A Diagrams of the case study (by author).

9. Figure 4.8 Map of Hechal Yehuda Synagouge (Google Earth, 2017).

10. Figure 4.9 A picture of The House in One (Colthorpe, 2014).

11. Figure 4.10 Diagrams of the case study (by author).

12. Figure 4.11 Map of House in One (Google Earth, 2017).

13. Figure 4.12 A picture of Cordoba Mosque (Quero, 2010).

14. Figure 4.13 A Diagrams of understadning of the floor plan (by author).

15. A Map of Cordoba Mosque (Google Earth, 2017).

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1. Image 1.3 The concept of model praying position of 3 religion (by author).

2. Image 1.4 All the models based on concept drawing (by author).

Chapter 5 1. Figure 5.0 Diagrams of the 6 different pattern that represent of the religion (by author).

2. Figure 5.1 A pattern facade on the site (by author).

3. Figure 5.2 The different pattern overlay on the site (by author).

4. Figure 5.3 Diagram of the praying position (by author).

4. Figure 5.4 A praying position concept on the site ( by author).

5. Figure 5.5 Diagrams of the icon where they face the direction of praying position (by author).

6. Figure 5.6 A praying wall concept on the site (by author).

Chapter 6 1. Figure 6.0 Diagram of the program that bring people together (by author).

2. Figure 6.1 Diagrams of the program (by author).

3. Figure 6.2 Diagram of praying position on the site in La Jolla (by author).

4. Figure 6.3 Diagram of the zoning (by author).

5. Figure 6.4 Diagrams of the building (by author).

6. Figure 6.5 Diagrams of taking the concept of praying position into a building of understanding how it would be a sacred space (by author).

7. Figure 6.6 Description and diagram of the green technology (by author).

8. Figure 6.7 Extension of the ridge walk at UCSD to the site (by author).

9. Figure 6.8 Site plan programming of understanding how green technologies influences to the site (by author).

10. 6.9 Site plan of the pathway (by author).

11. 6.10 A diagram of understanding how light reflect the icon into the sacred space (by author).

12. 6.11 An model of the icon (by author).

13. 6.12 Section perspective of showing how the light reflect the main courtyard, sacred space and the gallery (by author).

Chapter 7 1. Figure 7.1 A figure ground plan (by author).

2. Figure 7.2 Final section perspective of showing how the light reflect the main courtyard, sacred space and the gallery. Mainly structure on the ceiling (by author).

3. Figure 7.3 Final section perspective of showing how the main entrance to the courtyard and seeing the spaces in sacred space (by author).

List of Figures/ Images

About the author Faizan Mohamedy, he dealt with auditory challenges his entire life,his life experiences have prepared him to work hard to overcome obstacles, to constantly challenge himself and to appreciate what others may take for granted. He believe all these are universal qualities required to succeed regardless of oneâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s career path. Specific to pursuing a career in architecture, He is a creative thinker, able to visualize a concept, a team player, and through his 5 years in the NewSchool of Architecture and Design, he have gained a keener understanding of what the field of architecture involves. Through the program, he developed technical skills pertinent to the study of architecture and have come to appreciate the innovative talent and workmanship of those who work in this field. He is committed to expanding his creative skills and building on what he have learned so he can obtain through his skills of the knowledge, and tools to succeed in the field of architecture. It is his hope and vision that once he graduate with bachelors in architecture, he will be able to design spaces and buildings that are not only visually appealing and creatively distinct, but also sustainable with a display of quality workmanship. He want to be the best architect that he possibly can be and he is willing to commit whole-heartedly to the task of achieving my dream.

Photograph: Nick Kawamoto

I like your masterplanning color scheme is cohensive. Good job !

- Esme M. Show the light coming in from those cool walls.

- David B. Great drawings ! You should add people on your renders.

- Carlos E. Nice drawing ! Maybe add more context and focus to your site plan.

- Ruben R. Understand the concept & the approach but get lost along the way as far as program analysis. Will there be a connected with the interior?

- Anonymous Add people for scale on renderings. Your concept & form read well and you can add scale to site plan

- Anonymous