Issuu

YEAR XL

ricostruire

No. 2/2017

ISSN 1593-4535 RICOSTRUIRE intends the information of theses and works in the field of Architecture, Arts and Design, as a mediation between the technological and spiritualistic tendencies of our age. It expresses the need to give architectural design and Design itself a new value, for a more open dialogue with the social and cultural context, by widening its space of intervention to the world of Communication, in order to express its "duties of criticism". The promotion of this e-magazine requires a new form of dialogue with the reader, starting from the belief that professional training and the production of buildings, objects and landscape architecture, today need the work of a typical architect, builder and designer, indefatigable revealer of "formulae" and impressions, which translate into an architecture and a design made of orders, proportions, harmonies, to communicate the culture of Man and Nature. It is renewed in the moment in which modernism and its utopian ideology have shown Man not having been able to fully exploit the existing technological potential and the arsenal represented by the historical experiences in each place. Finally, we wish to orientate the field of intervention also towards the study of integrated communication systems, to be used in the architectural design of interiors, exteriors and urban furniture and in designing objects and services. In fact, in the analysis of future architectural structures, it will be increasingly necessary to take into account the needs dictated by the growing use of new media (new-media) and, in particular, technical equipment, installation of new technologies, such as the wired area, the intelligent building, home automation and many other applications. Ergonomics Applied to Industrial Design will be the basis and the facilitator to win the future challenges. The topic of this special issue concerns the Biennale Architecture of Venice, Italy, which is the most important exhibition in this field all around the world, with more than 63 National Participations……………………Page 2 The lesson of Prof. Franco Grossi on “The ‘Made in Russia’ Buildings in Arboreal Essence, a Penta-Sensorial Holistic Ergonomic Design Applied to Buildings and to Interior Furnishing”……………………………….Page 5

EST 1977

RICOSTRUIRE (Реконструировать, Rebuild), is a non-periodical magazine. Its mission is to spread out the "Culture of Rebuilding", concerning: Architecture, Applied Ergonomics, Design, Communication, Green & Smart Town. Editor in Chief: Prof. Franco Grossi, reg. journalist no. 141055.

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REGISTERED IN ITALY WITH THE NO. 33/90 TRIB/UD

“The lady on the ladder who, climbing up onto the highest steps can gaze over a far broader horizon, and by doing so conquers an “expanded eye”, announces the Biennale Architettura 2016 curated by Alejandro Aravena. We immediately loved this picture – stated President Paolo Baratta - because in a way it represents La Biennale

Special Edition on the Biennale Architecture of Venice 2016, 15th International Architecture Exhibition.

as a whole, with our attitudes and our goals. “It is also in part a counterpoint to the image chosen for the most recent Biennale Arte. The symbol selected last year by Okwui Enwezor – Baratta noted was Paul Klee’s famous “Angelus Novus” as interpreted by Walter Benjamin; the winged angel looking backwards in shock, seeing only the past and in the past, debris and tragedy, but also insights that could be useful some day, in a future towards which the hidden forces of providence are driving him, like a wind blowing on his wings.” Open to the public from Saturday May 28th to Sunday November 27th 2016 at the Giardini and the Arsenale, the 15th International Architecture Exhibition, titled REPORTING FROM THE FRONT, is directed by Alejandro Aravena and organized by La Biennale di Venezia chaired by Paolo Baratta. The preview took place on May 26th and 27th, the awards ceremony and inauguration was held on Saturday May 28th 2016. The Exhibition also includes 63 National Participations in the historic Pavilions at the Giardini, at the Arsenale and in the historic city centre of Venice. Four countries are participating for the first time: Philippines, Nigeria, Seychelles and Yemen. The Italian Pavilion at the Tese delle Vergini in the Arsenale, sponsored and promoted by the Ministero dei Beni e delle Attività Culturali e del Turismo, Direzione Generale Arte e Architettura Contemporanee e Periferie Urbane, has been assigned to the curatorial team TAMassociati: Massimo Lepore, Raul Pantaleo, and Simone Sfriso. The Exhibition REPORTING FROM THE FRONT is laid out in a unitary exhibition sequence from the Central Pavilion (Giardini) to the Arsenale, and includes 88 participants from 37 different countries. 50 of them are participating for the first time, and 33 architects are under the age of 40.

“What does the lady see? I think - commented Baratta -mainly desolated land comprising immense swathes of human habitation which no human could be proud of; great disappointments representing a sad, infinite number of missed opportunities for humanity’s ability to act intelligently. Much of this is tragic, much is banal, and it seems to mark the end of architecture. But she also sees signs of creativity and hope, and she sees them in the here-and-now, not in some uncertain aspirational, ideological future.” “Is this a sign of optimism? We have often deplored, in previous Biennale Exhibitions – the President recalled – that our present time seems to be characterised by increasing disconnection between architecture and civil society. Previous Exhibitions have addressed this in different ways. This time, we wish to investigate more explicitly whether and where there are any trends going in the other direction, towards renewal; we are seeking out encouraging messages.” “And we are not just interested in exhibiting concrete results for critical appraisal. We also want to see into the phenomenology of how these positive examples came about. In other words: what drives the demand for architecture; how are needs and desires identified and expressed; which logical, institutional, legal, political and administrative processes lead to demand for architecture and how

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they allow architecture to come up with solutions which go beyond the banal and self-harming.” “Because this is clearly a serious impasse; not as much in architecture as a discipline, but in human organisation, in our ability to harness it, be saved by it and enter into dialogue with it.” “We feel the need to highlight how positive outcomes have been achieved through the evolution of decision-making chains which link need - awareness opportunity - choice - execution in a way that leads to a result where “architecture makes the difference”, as Aravena puts it.” “We are not interested in architecture as the manifestation of a formal style, but rather as an instrument of self-government, of humanist civilisation, and as a demonstration of the ability of humans to become masters of their own destinies.” “Architecture in action as an instrument of social and political life, challenges us to assess the public consequences of private actions at a more fundamental level.” “Presenting architecture in action is also one of the answers to the permanent question raised by La Biennale. What is an architecture exhibition? – asked Baratta. And what should an architecture biennale be? In the Biennale Arte, which is the parent of the Biennale Architettura, the works are there in front of the visitors; with an architecture exhibition, the works are elsewhere. What should there be here? And indeed, the search goes on. We must avoid turning into a magazine, a convention, a critical essay, or a place for specialists alone: an exhibition just for architects. We also need to avoid condescension and falling into the trap whereby architects are tempted to present themselves as artists.” “We need to engage with the public and with all possible stakeholders in the decisions and actions whereby our living spaces are created, both as individuals and as communities. As Architecture is the most political of all the arts - concluded the President - "the Biennale Architettura must recognise this.” “In his trip to South America – related Alejandro Aravena - Bruce Chatwin encountered an old lady walking the desert carrying an aluminium ladder on her shoulder. It was German archaeologist Maria Reiche studying the Nazca lines. Standing on the ground, the stones did not make any sense; they were just random gravel. But from the height of the stair those stones became a bird, a jaguar, a tree or a flower. “

Aravena thus expressed his hope that the Biennale Architettura 2016 might “offer a new point of view like the one Maria Reiche has on the ladder. Given the complexity and variety of challenges that architecture has to respond to, REPORTING FROM THE FRONT will be about listening to those that were able to gain some perspective and consequently are in the position to share some knowledge and experiences with those of us standing on the ground.” “We believe - explained Aravena - that the advancement of architecture is not a goal in itself but a way to improve people’s quality of life. Given that life ranges from very basic physical needs to the most intangible dimensions of the human condition, consequently, improving the quality of the built environment is an endeavour that has to tackle many fronts: from guaranteeing very concrete, down-to-earth living standards to interpreting and fulfilling human desires, from respecting the single individual to taking care of the common good, from efficiently hosting daily activities to expanding the frontiers of civilization.“ The curator’s proposal is therefore twofold: “on the one hand we would like to widen the range of issues to which architecture is expected to respond, adding explicitly to the cultural and artistic dimensions that already belong to our scope, those that are on the social, political, economical and environmental end of the spectrum. On the other hand, we would like to highlight the fact that architecture is called to respond to more than one dimension at a time, integrating a variety of fields instead of choosing one or another.” “REPORTING FROM THE FRONT will be about sharing with a broader audience, the work of people who are scrutinizing the horizon looking for new fields of action, facing issues like segregation, inequalities, peripheries, access to sanitation, natural disasters, housing shortage, migration, informality, rime, traffic, waste, pollutionand the participation of communities. And simultaneously it will be about presenting examples where different dimensions are synthesized, integrating the pragmatic with the existential, pertinence and boldness, creativity and common sense. “ “It is not easy – concluded Aravena – to achieve such a level of expansion and synthesis; they are battles that need to be fought. The always menacing scarcity of means, the ruthless constraints, the lack of time and urgencies of all kinds are a constant threat that explain why we so often fall short in delivering quality. The forces that shape the built environment are not necessarily amicable either: the greed and impatience of capital or the single mindedness and conservatism of the bureaucracy tend to produce banal, mediocre and dull built environments. These are the frontlines from which we would like different practitioners to re-

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port, sharing success stories and exemplary cases where architecture did, is and will make a difference.”

The Special Projects The 15th International Architecture Exhibition features three Special Projects, the first promoted by La Biennale, the other two the result of agreements stipulated with other institutions, organized and realised by La Biennale itself. The exhibition curated by architect Stefano Recalcati, titled Reporting from Marghera and Other Waterfronts, to be shown in the exhibition venues of Forte Marghera (Mestre, Venezia), examines significant projects for the urban regeneration of industrial ports, helping to fuel the debate on the conversion of production in Porto Marghera. The collaboration agreement with the Victoria and Albert Museum of London takes its first step in the Applied Arts Pavilion at the Sale d’Armi in the Arsenale, with the exhibition entitled A World of Fragile Parts, curated by Brendan Cormier. Finally, in view of the United Nations – Habitat III world conference, to be held in Quito, Ecuador, during the month of October 2016, and as part of the Urban Age programme, organized jointly by the London School of Economics and the Alfred Herrhausen Society, La Biennale presents, also in the Sale d’Armi, a pavilion dedicated to the themes of urbanisation – Report from Cities: Conflicts of an Urban Age – with particular attention to the relationship between public spaces and private spaces, curated by Ricky Burdett.

“Biennale Sessions”, the project for Universities The Biennale Sessions project is held again for the seventh consecutive year, following the success of its previous editions. This initiative is dedicated by La Biennale di Venezia to institutions that develop research and training in architecture, the arts and related fields, and to Universities and Fine Arts Academies. The goal is to offer favourable conditions for students and teachers to organize three-day group visits for fifty people or more, offering reduced price meals, the possibility to organize seminars free of charge at the Exhibition's venues, and assistance in organizing their journey and stay. As of today, 53 international institutions from 13 countries and every continent have signed a protocol of understanding. The Kazan University of Architecture and Engineering (Казанский государственный архитектурно-строительный университет) was the only Russian University that participated to the biennale Architecture 2016.

The programme of conversations about architecture The Biennale Architettura 2016 is accompanied throughout its duration by a wide-ranging programme of encounters to discuss the themes and phenomena presented in the Exhibition. The Meetings on Architecture return this year with the architects and protagonists of the International Architecture Exhibition curated by Aravena, scheduled for every last weekend of the month. The “Special Projects” will also be enriched with a series of conversations and symposia to explore the issues they raise. On July 16th and 17th, in Venice, the exhibition venues will host the annual Urban Age conference organized by the London School of Economics Cities, jointly with the Deutsche Bank’s Alfred Herrhausen Society. The complete programme of events will be announced shortly.

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Казанский государственный архитектурностроительный университет

Prof. Arch. Franco C. Grossi The "Made in Russia" Buildings in Arboreal Essence, a Penta-Sensorial Holistic Ergonomic Design Applied to Buildings and to Interior Furnishing Проф,Франко К. Гросси

Prof. Franco C. Grossi Kazan State University of Architecture and Engineering

The "Made in Russia" Buildings in Arboreal Essence, a Penta-Sensorial Holistic Ergonomic Design Applied to Buildings and to Interior Furnishing

Проф,Франко К.and Гросси Engineering Kazan State University of Architecture

This project refers to the wooden essence as a penta-sensorial activator, both in its structural use, and in the interior design, in a "Made in Russia" representation.

Проф,Франко К. Гросси

Inside Russia, the largest State in the world, the most varied species of trees grow in an extraordinary and uncontaminated environmen, from the spruce of Urals, the Caucasian beech, the Siberian cedar, which were always used to build in anthropized areas.

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The wood is treated, for these functions, with nanotechnological processes, making it insensitive to heat and weathering and all artifacts are highly insulated for temperatures -40 / + 40 °C, with great respect for the environment. However, the main innovation introduced in this project is the active interaction with man, who can benefit from the built also by means of the ICT technologies, with all five his senses in a "green & smart" mode. Проф,Франко К. Гросси

Nanotechnologies Проф,Франко К. Гросси

nano car

Nanotechnologies • from: nano (10-9) and tecnologia tecnh art science technology + logoz speech

• Nanotechnology has as its goal the study, the control and the conscious manipulation of matter at the nanoscale Проф,Франко К. Гросси

1 nanometer = 10-9 meter  6 atoms The smallest transistors, memory elements, light sources, motors, sensors, lasers, and pumps are all just a few nanometers in size. 0.15 nm Проф,Франко К. Гросси

Carbon Nanotubes, C60

1.4 nm

0.7 nm Multiwalled tubes Проф,Франко К. Гросси

Motors

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Assemblers

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WOOD TREATED WITH NANOTECHNOLOGIES

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Christian Norberg-Schulz • Oslo 1926 – 2000

Norberg-Schulz, C.: Genius Loci, towards a phenomenology of architecture, 1980, New York: Rizzoli Проф,Франко К. Гросси

• Since ancient time the genius loci, or "spirit of place" has been recognized as the concrete reality man has to face and come to terms with in his daily life.

Architecture means to visualize the ‘genius loci’, and the task of the architect is to create meaningful places, whereby he helps man to dwell....

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Designing with the Typological Series • The word "type" is not so much the image of a thing to be copied or imitated perfectly, but the idea of an element that must itself serve as a rule for the model. • Model: an object that you have to repeat as it is. Everything must be precise and given. • Type: object according to which each one can compose his design, but it is not said that resemble each other between them. Проф,Франко К. Гросси

Architectural Types • whole configuration of buildings (eg. a central plan or longitudinal). • major structural elements (eg. flat or dome). • decorative elements (eg. orders of the columns). Проф,Франко К. Гросси

Architectural Types: • whole configuration of buildings (eg. central plan or longitudinal).

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Architectural Types: • major structural elements (eg. flat or dome).

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Architectural Types: • decorative elements (eg. orders of the columns).

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Digital Natives

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Green Smart House • Green • In Physics GREEN is a color of the electromagnetic visible spectrum, which is between the blue and yellow, with a wavelength of circa 495-570 nm. GREEN is the color of the growth of grass and of leaves and is associated with nature and it is the color emblem of environment and sustainability. Проф,Франко К. Гросси

Digital Natives

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Digital Natives and Renewable Energy • Mini Photovoltaic systems for directly converting solar energy into electricity.

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• Mini solar thermal systems • production of hot water from the sun.

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• Mini luminaires with solar energy

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• Mini wind farms

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• The new KIWs, Knowledge and Information Workers Проф,Франко К. Гросси

SOHO

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• KIWs today need a "cloud" environment, involving and sharing.

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• This is the new frontier of living, which summarizes the sustainability with the hi-tech and uses natural and recyclable materials, wood, first, in all its variants, and all in perfect symbiosis with the most innovative technologies.

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• Convergent systems, and shared platform, to avoid wasting time in the web connectivity, combined with the use of the environment functions. .

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• • Проф,Франко К. Гросси

A Smart Bracelet to Monitor Mood

The bracelet will control all the equipments and will route them according to the mood of the person, via 5G and WiFi. Проф,Франко К. Гросси

Home, our Empire of Senses • Communication and Information Technologies, Domotics, Green, Our sensory perceptions, all in one holistic design. • This is the new dimension of our life at home! Проф,Франко К. Гросси

Home, our Empire of Senses • Drawing up the design path, is expressed in anthropocentric terms, through the application and adaptation of existing technologies used in other sectors, which can be Integrated in a skilful interaction between house design and human cognitive processes. Проф,Франко К. Гросси

Home, our Empire of Senses

• The basic element is the human sensory system - sight, hearing, taste, smell, touch - leading up to the creation of synthesthesia, eg. the interrelationship between the senses - sound, colour, shape etc. - that can, as a consequence, be activated. Проф,Франко К. Гросси

And now the innovation

• 7 are the directions: 1. Sight 2. Hearing 3. Smell (smoke) 4. Touch (texture) 5. Taste (fog) 6. Synesthesia 7. Holism Проф,Франко К. Гросси

Home, our Empire of Senses • An important development is to involve sight and hearing in an advanced domotic system. • More specifically, the most innovative video equipment will be used, like windows with luminous applications and LCDs, the use of LEDs, interactive video panels, front and rear projection. Проф,Франко К. Гросси

With the Bracelet Making Intelligent the House

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And now the innovation

• LCD switchable windows film • Dimmable • WiFi controllable Проф,Франко К. Гросси

And now the innovation

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• OLED

And now the innovation • OLED screens and luminaires are integrated inside solid wood and speakers placed behind panels in walls, ceilings and floors, combined with a multicolored beams of light generated by LEDs and channeled into microfibers, provide the most varied types of environment and scenario. • The higher performance, are also reaching the holistic level, where all technologies will be innervated in all five senses, in order to overcome the emotional aspect, satisfying, and thus stimulating the most hidden aspects of the human perceptual system. Проф,Франко К. Гросси

• Other variable configurations will also used, with stage and performance lighting. • Audio systems will have a multi-point distribution to generate acoustic-visual links and interactions. • The home cinema will have a wraparound screen with digital 3D multi-projection system and an immersive surround-sound audio equipment with special effects. Проф,Франко К. Гросси

Synesthesia vs Holism A more innovative system involve a greater integration of sight and hearing, coupled with smell. The video equipment will offer 3D and holographic capabilities. Audio will be handle by programmed sound transmission system of full immersion type, creating total involvement. Smells and perfumes will be added in controlled amounts. This will create a synchronization between images, sounds an olfactory sensations, triggering the intended synesthesia. Exposure to a particular smell or perfume often induces recollections of an event, evoking a powerful emotional response. If the smell is linked to an image and sound, the perception of general well-being and specific recall is much stronger. Finally these systems will act at a holistic level where the experience involves all five senses, in order to create a truly multi-sensory all-embracing combination. .

Holism • This is the magic our perceptive abilities can create stimulating the most genuine, but also most repressed, element of the human personality emotion and memory. • Sensors will pick up the owner's mood and their signals will activate a series of microprocessors, which will control variations in light and color, the type of music played and the smells emitted.

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Holism • Textured, vibrating panels will provide exciting tactile experiences. • Taste will be communicated with fine mists sprayed into the surroundings. • The smart walls will show emotional scenes. • A virtual reality cabin - half or full immersion - will produce the perception of a mystical nirvana. Проф,Франко К. Гросси

Holism

• A computerized dream machine will stimulate the imagination, hearing and smell during REM sleep, so we can choose our dreams. Проф,Франко К. Гросси

• But this level of stimulation can Iead to new developments, as the use of simultaneous signs that will invoIve sensory pairs like sight and hearing through the use of colour and sound or touch and sight, through tactile and chromatic signs. • The aim, then, is to achieve the best technical expression of a holistic, interdisciplinary approach Проф,Франко К. Гросси

And now the innovations in constructions

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GLULAM

Il legno riscalda e coinvolge, frange i suoni, li attutisce e li diffonde, assorbe i rumori, riflette morbidamente le nuance colorate dei raggi luminosi.

Проф,Франко К. Гросси

GLULAM • Glued Laminated Timber, also called Glulam, is a type of structural timber product comprising a number of layers of dimensioned timber bonded together with durable, moisture-resistant structural adhesives. Проф,Франко К. Гросси

By laminating a number of smaller pieces of timber, a single large, strong, structural member is manufactured from smaller pieces. These structural members are used as vertical columns or horizontal beams, as well as curved, arched shapes. Проф,Франко К. Гросси

Glulam is readily produced in curved shapes and it is available in a range of species and appearance characteristics to meet varied end-use requirements Проф,Франко К. Гросси

Glulam optimizes the structural values of a renewable resource – wood. Glulam provides the strength and versatility of large wood members without relying on the old growth-dependent solid-sawn timbers. It reduces the overall amount of wood used when compared to solid sawn timbers by diminishing the negative impact of knots and other small defects in each component board. Проф,Франко К. Гросси

Glulam redifines the possibilities for engineering wood constructions. Glulam is an engineeered wood product that optimizes the structural values of a renewable resource: WOOD. Glulam members are composed of individual pieces of dimension lumber. Проф,Франко К. Гросси

The pieces are end-jointed toghether to produce long lenghts which are then bonded with glue to create the required beam dimensions. Проф,Франко К. Гросси

Because of their composition, large Glulam members can be manufactured from smaller trees harvested from second and third-growt forests and plantations. Проф,Франко К. Гросси

With Glulam is possible to enjoy the strenght and versatility of large wood members without relying on the old growth-dependent solid sawn timbers. Проф,Франко К. Гросси

•Glulam is two-thirds the weight of steel and one sixth the weight of concrete – the embodied energy to produce it is six times less than the same suitable strength of steel. •Wood has a greater tensile strength relative to steel and has a greater compressive resistance strength than concrete. Проф,Франко К. Гросси

Glulam has much lower embodied energy than reinforced concrete and steel, although of course it does entail more embodied energy than solid timber. However, the laminating process allows timber to be used for much longer spans, heavier loads, and complex shapes. Проф,Франко К. Гросси

PLASTIC DEFORMATION

A structure’s capability to develop plastic deformation in its structural elements and dissipate energy without breaking is an essential part of its ability to withstand geo & seismic forces Проф,Франко К. Гросси

PLASTIC DEFORMATION

This is true for all types of structures,

but it specifically applies for the wooden ones Проф,Франко К. Гросси

PLASTIC DEFORMATION

A structural wooden element has a linear elastic behaviour up to breaking point and, under the effect of cyclic loading, it shows a fragile behaviour both for its natural defects (knots) and for its limited dissipation power. Проф,Франко К. Гросси

PLASTIC DEFORMATION

Ductility and energy capacity can be achieved with semi-rigid connections between structural elements: the widespread use of joints with mechanical connectors allows a great plasticity of the material. Проф,Франко К. Гросси

Linear elastic deformation is governed by Hooke's law, which states: s = E e Where s is the applied stress, E is a material constant called Young's modulus, and ε is the resulting strain.

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Earthquake

• Earthquake's energy is absorbed by the metallic connectors, which, thanks to their ductile features, enervate and plasticize before breaking occurs. Buildings provided with this feature benefit from an enervation and plasticization phase before the collapse. • This can be explained mainly through two phenomena occurring simultaneously: the bearing failure of wood and the plasticization of the metal connectors. Проф,Франко К. Гросси

Earthquake Most seismic design codes contain force reduction factors – for example, the "q" factor in Eurocode 8 (1994), and the "R" factor in NBCC (CCBFC 1995) – to account for the energy dissipating characteristics of the structural system. Проф,Франко К. Гросси

Fire

• It is known that wood is a combustible material, this does not mean that the wooden structures do not possess fire resistance and are more vulnerable than structures made by steel or reinforced concrete especially if prestressed. Проф,Франко К. Гросси

Rarely wooden structures contribute substantially to feed a fire but rather the consequences they suffer more often, showing a behavior in this respect at least no worse if not better than structures made by other materials. Below the layer, carbonized wood is still efficient from a mechanical standpoint. Проф,Франко К. Гросси

By analyzing the salient aspects of the behavior of a structural element of wood subject to fire:

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• the wood burns slowly, carbonization proceeds from the outside toward the inside of the section; Проф,Франко К. Гросси

• the wood not yet charred remains efficient by a mechanical point of view even if its temperature is increased; Проф,Франко К. Гросси

• mechanical breakdown occurs when the element, not yet part of the charred section, is so small that it could not more to fulfill its load-bearing function. Проф,Франко К. Гросси

Therefore the loss of efficiency of a structure of wood is performed by reduction of the section and not for decay of the mechanical characteristics. Проф,Франко К. Гросси

The carbonization process can lead to breakage of the structural element in a time between the first few minutes and a few hours, this in dependence of the wood species but especially the original dimensions of the section. Проф,Франко К. Гросси

And if you compare the behavior of the wood with that of other building materials traditionally used, we understand because the wood, on the contrary opinion commonly held, is to be considered even preferable:

• the structural elements of steel do not burn but the material undergoes a rapid decay of the mechanical properties as a function of temperature; • in the construction of reinforced concrete fire resistance is determined by the thickness of the coating of steel reinforcement (concrete cover) Проф,Франко К. Гросси

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Raw material: Fir

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GLULAM First step: selection of wooden planks Проф,Франко К. Гросси

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GLULAM Second step measurements: moisture, knots, color Проф,Франко К. Гросси

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GLULAM Third step: fault finding and elimination of defective parts Проф,Франко К. Гросси

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GLULAM Fourth step: joining parts specially prepared

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GLULAM Fifth step: testing the joints

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GLULAM Sixth step: Delamination

Water is not a problem, but humidity

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GLULAM Seventh step:

planing and thickness measurement

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GLULAM Eighth step:

Bonding with glue

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GLULAM Ninth step:

Putting in form and hardening

(hardening 16h, post hardening 48h) Проф,Франко К. Гросси

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GLULAM Tenth step:

Hand impregnation of the beams

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GLULAM The beams are now ready to be bolted with the iron plates Проф,Франко К. Гросси

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GLULAM

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Казанский государственный архитектурностроительный университет

Проф. Арх. Франко К. Гросси grossi-univ.kazan@yandex.ru Проф,Франко К. Гросси

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