TUSKANTIMES
FRONT COVER:
Photograph taken by Téa Mijatović in Grade 12
BACK COVER:
Drawing by Richard Hu in Grade 8
Dear Readers,
With the new year having just come in and the second term of school starting, the Tuskan Times is thrilled to announce our first edition of 2026!
Our writers, editors, and layout team have worked tirelessly to bring this edition to life and we hope you enjoy reading it as much as we enjoyed creating it
Some of the unique pieces we will be showcasing in this issue include articles ranging from a variety of topics, from a new law case-profile written by Sophie Martin continuing her column, a super interesting Industrial Revolution crossword, and a spotlight article from our middle school student Mila Applebaum, telling the story of her great-grandfather’s Virtuti Militari cross
We are also excited to announce the selection of our new Head of Marketing, Sandy Xu; our new Head of Layout, Roma Anthony; and our new Assistant Editor in Chief, Esme Alongi. With all the new brains and ideas, we are excited to continue to improve this Tuskan Times and increase our outreach We would also like to extend a heartfelt thank you to the past Tuskan Times leadership team, namely Coco Ferrari-Ross, the previous Editor in Chief; and Eliot Richards, the previous Head of Layout, for their hard work and dedication in making the Tuskan Times so impressive.
As the relatively newly appointed Co-Editor in Chief, I am overjoyed to be working with the entire Tuskan Times team to continue bringing this newspaper to you all On behalf of the Tuskan Times, we can’t wait to have a successful, stimulating, and creative 2026!
Happy reading!
Sincerely,
Téa Mijatović and Allegra DiFlorio Editors-in-Chief
EDITORS-IN-CHIEF
TÉA MIJATOVIĆ
ALLEGRA DIFLORIO
DEPUTYEDITORINCHIEF
ESME ALONGI
HEADOFLAYOUT
ROMA ANTHONY
HEADOFMARKETING
SANDY XU
SUPERVISOR
TESS HITCHCOCK
EDITORS
ALLEGRA DIFLORIO
TÉA MIJATOVIĆ
ESME ALONGI
LAYOUT
ROMA ANTHONY
SOPHIE MARTIN
SÄVEL PERÄNEN
SOFIA NAVARRO
I&S Industrial Revolution Revision
Crossword
Across
3. Samuel, inventor of the electric telegraph
7. Raw material used in factories, white and fluffy
9. Economic system based on private ownership
12. Higher social class in industrial society
14. Mode of transport during early industrial revolution replaced by trains
15. One of the few powers available to the unions Down
1. The social class that lacked capital
2. Owen Factory owner who began a cooperative movement and cared about working conditions
4. Carbon and Iron combined, a new material for the industrial revolution
5. A large building where goods are manufactured by machines on a large scale
6. Alessandro, invented the first battery
8. Alfred, invented dynamite
10. engine Watt's improved invention that powered the factories of the 19th century
11. First Country to have a large industrial revolution
13. Jenny machine that drastically sped up thread production in 1764
PRICEOFPLENTY
By VALENTINA MARIN ‘27
Valentina is a Chinese-Australian-Italian who loves creative writing and is interested in Literature and History In her free time she loves journaling, listening to music, and watching movies
I saw that Ava got a new purse on Friday Maya got a new pair of heels Ivy got her whole wardrobe redone. Rose restocked her entire Sephora collection. It isn’t even Christmas.
I remember being so jealous that all these girls and all these people around me were constantly buying new cool stuff. Even a guy I saw in sixth grade got a new PS5 even though he already had an XBox and a VR set. I don’t want to be called spoiled and a brat, because I am so grateful for everything I own and am aware of the amount of hard work my parents have to do in order for me to have all that I have. However, I can’t help but feel like I am missing out. Especially with all the advertisements coming across my feed on socials. Constant videos advertising either a new pair of kicks, or the new highlighter that came out at Sephora, or the cute new top from Hollister, or that random haul that someone posted of what they got from Amazon on a random Wednesday.
I thought to myself, “Look how lucky they are, they are always getting cool new stuff and I am stuck with the same shoes I’ve had since sixth grade”. But then one day, as I walked down the streets full of all those stores I came across this trash can Something caught my eye Something glittery and sparkly that reflected the sunlight projecting onto the bin. As I walked closer, I noticed a gold sparkly heart shaped bag, one similar to what my little cousin got for Christmas last year. It was completely clean, still wrapped in packaging, and not even touched Just lying there in the bin I drew nearer, and as I had a closer look, I found several others in different colours right there. Why would someone throw away a perfectly new bag? Underneath, I found other things like sparkly pencil cases, little dolls, toy planes and cars, and I was shocked to find what I thought was a designer bag, but instead one of those cheap ones people buy off of Shein.
It looked brand new and I even smelt the fresh material However, I noticed that somebody had cut a hole in it. A hole so big that no one would ever be able to use the bag.
I was so confused to see all of these new products just thrown away How could someone get rid of it all without any of it ever being used?
Then I look to the bin next to all of these products, and I see freshly baked goods from the bakery nearby that had also been tossed into the bin They didn’t look rotten, so why were they thrown away? As I got home that day, I did some research and came across this documentary where I learned that this wasn’t just the case in my town, but people have seen this in many other places in the world I just couldn’t understand, why would these companies throw away perfectly conditioned products that have never been used, or even waste food that could be donated to the homeless and those who are starving and in desperate need
I find this all outrageous and disgusting. So cruel and revolting. How has humanity turned into this? In a world full of people where I had once believed in the kindness of humanity, the secret behind these companies is just proving their selfishness and greed to their profit
The fact that the majority of our population has been manipulated and brainwashed into continuing to feed into these companies, ignoring the impact that this has on our planet
Another purse wouldn’t hurt, another pair of shoes would be fine, “I need more clothes!” people tell themselves when they have more than they need, another refill of make up products
A selfish greed that I myself am guilty for, to keep up with trends and expectations that society has built. But when will we listen to our beloved planet, our only planet?
PHANTASMAGORIA
By WILLOW WYATT ‘27
Willow is an Italian-American junior who is most interested in writing about history, fashion, linguistics, and media Outside of Tuskan Times she participates in Model UN and Environmental club as well as many historical hobbies.
Wall’s ghost lingers, grand gate to the cross; under those doors I was caught red-handed, frutti di bosco With blistered palms I then scoured my favorite dress, crimson-stained I could, of course, take the viale, but I must live, not follow.
Via Manzoni; I never read that book, The Betrothed, ere my hair and eyes grayed.
In Piazza d’Azeglio now; joy bakes my frostbitten ears as children giggle on the green. A girl glances at me, turning pale, receding as a fawn, head bowed. I hardly know the way yet I command my path like a general.
At last, the English Cemetery; the most idyllic cloister of an asphalt prison. How did it come to this?
Under your corinthian colonnade, from your elegant sarcophagus, your voice echoes in the gale: “I shall but love thee better after death.”* In your fate I see my own my bygone grave beside yours.
*(Sonnet 43, Elizabeth Barrett Browning)
In this section of the issue, our writers explore topics related to ISF and our community as a whole
THEFLOMUNINSIDER
By TÉA MIJATOVIĆ ‘27
Téa is a Croatian-American junior with a passion for history and photography. She enjoys spending time with her family and her dog.
THISCOLUMNAIMSTOKEEPTUSKAN TIMESREADERSANDFLOMUN PARTICIPANTSUPTODATEONTHE PROGRESSOFFLOMUN2026,WHILE SHININGALIGHTONTHEMANYPEOPLE WORKINGBEHINDTHESCENESTOMAKE THISCONFERENCEPOSSIBLE.
With that in mind, FloMUN is officially back This year’s conference will take place from March 27th to March 29th, and with just two months to go, preparations are well underway.
At its core, our school’s annual Model United Nations conference offers a truly international experience. This year, we have over ten schools with more than 180 delegates registered, including participants travelling from Croatia, the Czech Republic, Turkey, Morocco, Albania, Switzerland, the United States (California), and all over Italy Bringing an experience like this to life takes months of planning, teamwork, and dedication.
Naturally, FloMUN would not be happening without Mr Mishra, our FloMUN Coordinator, who stepped up to take on this position and made the continuation of the conference possible.
As planning moves forward, much of the work happens behind the scenes On the logistics side, Emily Ruhs, FloMUN’s Chief of Logistics, and her team (Ethan Liu, Serena Xiang, and Brendy Deng) are finalizing the conference schedule, confirming catering and night event venues, ordering SWAG and sweatshirts, and ensuring the conference stays within budget Working closely alongside the logistics team is Kailun Zheng, Co-Director General, helping ensure the many logistical aspects of the event run smoothly. During the last week before Winter Break, the FloMUN team also organized a candy fundraiser from February 9th to 13th, just in time for Valentine’s Day, to bring some FloMUN spirit to the school.
The team greatly appreciated the support from students and staff that will help make FloMUN a memorable conference for everyone and help us stick to the budget!
To make FloMUN even more special, we will be organizing student-led tours for visiting schools so they can explore everything Florence has to offer Additionally, our opening ceremony will feature the ISF band, showing off the incredible musical talent of our school and bringing energy and positivity to set the tone for the entire conference
While logistics keep the conference running, creativity gives FloMUN its identity. Roma Anthony, Head of Marketing, and her team (Kelvin Wang and Victoria Cai) have been working with Ms Bruckner, whose help and guidance is truly appreciated, to design sweatshirts, tote bags, notebooks, placards, name tags, certificates, and social media posts.
Speaking of creativity, a special shoutout goes to Sandy Xu, who is not only the newly appointed Head of Marketing for the Tuskan Times, but also the talented artist who designed the Duomo graphic for this year’s FloMUN sweatshirt (you can catch a sneak peek of her design in the photo below!) If you’re interested, these sweatshirts will be available for purchase during the conference
At the heart of the conference itself are the committees. Sophie Martin, Chief of Committees, and her team (Willow Wyatt and Chiara Bresciani) have designed committees and topics, drafted sample clauses and resolutions, written outlines for research guides, selected chairs, and completed country and committee allocations for ISF delegates and external schools. Sophie’s team is also working closely with Allegra DiFlorio, CoDirector General, to ensure coordination between themselves, the Marketing team, and Logistics team.
Supporting all of this work online is FloMUN’s website (https://flomun com/), which is designed and run by William Dong, FloMUN’s Chief of IT. Representing the IT team entirely on his own, he manages this role with impressive efficiency and grace
Currently, 45 delegates and 15 chairs from ISF have signed up. That is 60 participants from our school alone! This is absolutely incredible and shows just how impactful a conference like FloMUN is within our community We are especially grateful to Ms Luciano, who has taken on the role of MUN Club Coordinator and guides delegates and chairs as they develop the skills needed to participate in the conference. If you’re interested in joining, there is still time to register Everyone is welcome to be part of this exciting experience!
Beyond the student teams, support has come from across the school, particularly from the business office. Ms. Del Buono and Ms. Bulli have been extremely responsive and helpful throughout the process For many members of the FloMUN team, this is the first time organizing an event of this scale, making it an important and valuable learning experience, and one made possible by the time and effort other departments have invested in helping us grow and succeed
This brings me to Dr. Killen. From the very beginning, she has been fully supportive of continuing FloMUN, and I truly mean it when I say the conference would not be possible without her Despite her many responsibilities, she always finds time to meet and discuss different aspects of the conference, making us feel heard and supported. Her patience, dedication, and hard work inspire everyone involved Thank you, Dr Killen
Organizing FloMUN shows just how important collaboration is in order to succeed It is a learning experience in more ways than one, and it’s safe to say we have all become masters of Google Sheets in the process.
WITHTHEDEDICATIONOFTHEENTIRE FLOMUNTEAM,ORGANIZINGFLOMUN2026 ISSHAPINGUPTOBEAMEMORABLE EXPERIENCE,ANDIT’SCLEARTHATTHE JOURNEYISJUSTASMEANINGFULASTHE DESTINATIONWILLBE.
ISFPHOTOGRAPHYCOMPETITION
By TÉA MIJATOVIĆ ‘27
Téa is a Croatian-American junior with a passion for history and photography. She enjoys spending time with her family and her dog
All ISF students in Grades 6-12 and staff are warmly invited to take part in the ISF Photography Competition! We encourage you to submit some of your beautiful photographs and share the world as you see it through the themes, Landscape, Portrait, and Urban Photographs may be submitted in either color or monochrome Reminder that students are not permitted to use their phones on campus
This competition is for everyone. Whether you capture moments using a camera or a phone, and whether you’re an experienced photographer or just starting out, creativity and originality matter most.
The submission deadline is February 25th, and all entries will be reviewed and judged by a panel of ISF’s most experienced photographer teachers. Winners from each category will receive a prize and have their photos featured in the next issue of The Tuskan Times.
We can’t wait to see your work! Happy photographing!
You may submit your photographs using the Photography Submission QR code
For any questions please contact: t.mijatovic@students.isfitaly.org.
JADEBRACELETS&SNAKEPRINT
By ROMA ANTHONY ‘27
Roma is a junior who is interested in the fashion industry through her passion for arts. During her free time, she enjoys making new memories with her friends and traveling to different cities.
As we’ve recently entered the new year, we will see many new fashion trends arise while others from the past years fade into the background. Every year there are new accessories, clothing items, prints, jewelry pieces, etc that become the main trend of the year. However, due to these trends heavily relying on social media influence, certain accessories and prints are disregarded along with their cultural significance and origin Learning about the original purpose and meaning behind these accessories/prints allows us to develop a greater understanding of various popular items and how they came about. An increase in popularity with Jade Bracelets has been predicted by many, who often express concern for appropriation of Southeast Asian culture Additionally, each year a new clothing print is popularized and commonly used around the world. Snake print has been widely used within the fashion industry for decades, however its origin has yet to have been acknowledged Both are gaining relevance due to cultural globalization, therefore understanding the origins helps us appreciate not only their aesthetic appeal, but also their cultural significance
Jade, as a material, has been around and valued for thousands of years, specifically in ancient China, where it was known as “the stone of heaven”. It was originally used for ceremonial occasions, objects, and weapons; later on, the material evolved into jewelry, becoming symbolic of spiritual and ethical ideals. In China, jade bracelets in particular became a symbol of noble status as they were often worn by elite, exclusive members of society during the Han Dynasty, which occurred between 206 BCE and 220 CE The stone obtained symbolic significance of protection, purity, harmony and moral virtue, which soon spread to neighboring nations and beyond through trade and cultural exchange.
Specifically, the Silk road and other ancient trade routes originally helped introduce jade into different regions in order to increase its visibility internationally In modern society, jade bracelets are continuously passed down generations and are widely appreciated due to their varied symbolic meaning in many Asian cultures; now symbolizing luck and harmony making themes ideal as gifts during important life events (e g weddings, child births) Over time, they have become more widely recognized in Western countries as globalization has increased their relevance/recognition internationally.
On the contrary, snake print has always been prevalent in the fashion industry, causing its origin and significance to often be overlooked. The print derives from its motif which has a grand artistic and cultural history Originally, the animal appeared in mythologies and symbolism globally, often representing themes such as wisdom, protection, eternity and transformation. Within the jewelry industry, snake bracelets were worn during ancient civilizations including Egyptian and Roman civilizations where they also represented healing During the late 19th and early 20th centuries, snakeskin was used in garments and accessories which sparked the increasing popularity of patterns inspired by the design.
These designs, patterns, and materials were highly valued due to their exotic appeal and luxurious texture The pattern of snakeskin has carried and developed many meanings over the years Historically, serpents symbolize power, seduction and mystery which were qualities translated into fashion items to communicate a sense of elegance and boldness Soon, fabrics began imitating the pattern through advanced printing techniques, allowing it to retain its symbolic meaning while becoming more accessible worldwide, further evoking a sense of confidence and originality. Over the years snake print has been consistently seen in the modern fashion industry, often being used for contemporary collections inspired by cultural events. For instance, during the year of the snake in the Chinese zodiac, many runway collections refined and incorporated the serpent symbol with high fashion innovation It is commonly seen in clothing items and accessories that aim to make a statement, combining cultural symbolism with self expression, appealing to individuals who appreciate unique patterns and the significance of how they came about.
Snake print isn't necessarily the most trending print over the years, but obtains a silent, bold ambience, keeping it consistently relevant despite ongoing trends. Similarly, jade bracelets have yet to be widely recognized in the Western world but remain significant due to their deep cultural meanings globally. Both items are greatly appreciated due to their origins and symbolism coming from ancient traditions and slowly evolving over time
By understanding where these items came from,recognizing what they once represented, and observing how that symbolism has evolved, allows us to become more socially and culturally aware of modern fashion trends.
Illustratingthehistory/storiesbehind theseitemsensuresthattheyare perceivednotonlyfortheiraesthetic appeal,butalsofortheirmeaningful expressionofhistoryandcultural identity.
DRAWING: GRADE 7 STUDENT: GEMMA MICATROTTO
THEHEARTOFMEXICOISFOOD
By SOFIA NAVARRO ‘28
Sofia is a Mexican-American sophmore who writes about anything and everything When she's not focused on school and writing she loves to spend time with her friends and family, shopping, and going out to eat.
Mexico is known for a lot of things like its rich history, music, and vibrant colors, but one of the most important parts of Mexico's culture is its food. Mexican cuisine is one of the most popular and influential foods in the world. Known for its bold,and rich flavors, with many dishes having a history and background with recipes that date back centuries ago While reading this you might think that I'm missing some important dishes like burritos and nachos, but in fact those are both Tex-Mex, rather than authentic Mexican food. TexMex originated from Texas, but is influenced by Mexican cuisine Fun facts: You can tell something is Tex-Mex if it has ingredients like cheddar cheese, ground beef, flour tortilla, and sour cream. Real authentic Mexican food has corn tortillas, fresh salsas, beans, and rice, and doesn't really contain cheese and cheese
If I were to ask you to name one Mexican dish right now, I bet I know exactly what you would say: tacos! Tacos are corn tortillas filled with your choice of meat and toppings Today, tacos are eaten worldwide but the history of tacos dates back hundreds of years. It's said that maize (corn) has been used for 9,000 years, and since then it's been used as a tortilla. It's made from mixing maize, lime and water Before the Europeans and Spanish came to Mexico, tacos were filled with reptiles, native mammals, birds, turkeys, and even insects at times. When the Spanish arrived, they helped introduce Eurasian livestock like pigs, and chickens, as well as vegetables like lettuce, and cabbage By the 18th century, tacos were associated with the working class Many miners ate tacos since they were affordable, filling, and easy to transport. They were first introduced to the USA in 1905 when Mexicans started to immigrate, and of course, brought their culture and food with them During this time, it was street food that people would sell on carts in the street. Nowadays, people eat tacos with a wide variety of meats and toppings.
The most popular meats in Mexico are al pastor (thinly sliced pork), asada (beef), lengua (cow tongue), barbacoa (slow cooked cow or lamb), and chorizo (spicy pork sausage). A fun fact about eating tacos in Mexico is that, generally, you're only served onions, cilantro, limes, and 2-4 different salsas to put on your meat The only time you get another topping is when you order al pastor; it's served with pineapple. They never give you tomatoes, lettuce, sour cream, or cheese. Dating back to ancient times, and going from maize-based to one of the most popular dishes worldwide, tacos represent the heart of Mexico
As a Mexican, one of the most comforting, authentic, warm Mexican dishes is tamales! Tamales are one of the longest serving dishes that people in Mexico have been eating since 8,000 BC, making them one of the longest-lasting dishes in history. Tamales are small steamed cakes or dough made from maize and filled with various foods like meats, cheese, chiles, fish, and vegetables You make them by spreading masa, which is corn flour mixed with water to create a dough-like texture. With that, you spread it on corn husks or banana leaves, then fill it with toppings and steam until done Make sure you take off the outer part before eating it; you only eat the dough and filling
During Olmec and Toltec time, the women would make them for the warriors to carry on long journeys, and were often also eaten during rituals. Later came the Mayans and Aztecs who helped spread tamales across Central America When the Europeans came, they brought new ingredients that helped improve many Mexican dishes, yet tamales have stayed the same and haven't changed at all. Whether you eat sweet or savory, tamales are the kind of food people always look forward to eating
When talking about dips, we all know what one of the best dips in the world is Yes, it's guacamole Guacamole is raw smashed avocados with lime juice, onions, and sometimes tomatoes. It's the perfect snack, appetizer, and only takes 10 minutes to make Guacamole was introduced during the Aztec time Between the 14th and 16th centuries it is believed that they would smash avocados using mortar and pestle (which are still used to make guacamole today), then add tomatoes, chiles, and salt They would typically eat it with a tortilla The Aztecs called it ahuacamolli This is a combination of the native words for avocado (ahucatl) and sauce (molli). When the Spanish arrived in 1519 they brought many foods, which is when they started adding onion, lime, and cilantro. Because of its long history, and simple ingredients, guacamole remains one of the most popular dips in the world
The next authentic Mexican dish I will talk about is mole. It's a thick, sometimes sweet, sauce made from dried chiles, spices, seeds, and chocolate. The word mole comes from the Nahuatl language . The word molli means mix or sauce Mole goes back to pre hispanic times where thick sauce made with chiles and spices was eaten with meat When the Spanish came to Mexico, they brought ingredients like cloves and chocolate which helped create the clover or mole we eat today. There are many different types of mole, and the recipe can vary depending on the area of Mexico you're in Some are sweeter and some are spicier. According to legends, mole poblano was first made by nuns in Puebla while visiting a bishop. Mole poblano is an important part of Oaxaca’s cuisine Like I said, mole is made of many chiles like ancho, mulato, and pasilla. Mola is typically cooked in water or broth in a ceramic cazuela, and made in large batches since it takes a while to prepare. The sauce is usually served on chicken, but in some places it is eaten with pork, turkey, or even beef
Lastly, one dish that really brings Mexican people together in Mexico is pozole This traditional dish is a type of stew with a special kind of corn called cacahuazintle. Cacahuazintle are large roundish corn that become fluffy as they cook . The name pozole also comes from Nahuatl. The word pozolli means foamy which is what happens when the corn gets good and opens up Pozole, like all the other dishes, dates back many centuries ago. Originally, the dish was made with human flesh, but when the Spanish arrived, they replaced it with pork instead Today it's a symbol of Mexican gastronomy, and is a fan favorite There are three main types of pozole One is pozole blanco which is from Nayarit and Sinaloa, and is known for its clear broth, Pozole rojo is from Jalisco and Michoacán and is more red since it's made with dried chiles.
Lastly, pozole verde which is from Guerrero, is made with pumpkin seeds, tomatillo, and cilantro. Pozole is served with fresh toppings like cabbage, onion, radishes, lime, avocado, and you can place the pozole on a tostada, which gives it a little crunch With pozole having so much variety, traditions, and history, it remains one of Mexico's most loved dishes.
ingredients for Pozole
5 lb pork shoulder or butt roast*
10 cloves garlic, divided
2 teaspoons salt
1 yellow onion, quartered
4 bay leaves
3 tablespoons chicken bouillon
10dried gaujillo chiles*
2 tablespoons oil
1 tablespoon Dried oregano
2 25oz cans white hominy, drained and rinsed
salt and pepper to taste
Optional toppings:
Thinly shredded Cabbage
Diced yellow or white onion
Fresh cilantro
Lime wedges
Avocado
Sliced radishes
Totopos
Instructions: Cut pork roast into small cubes, getting rid of big pieces of fat. Add to a large stock pot with enough water to cover the meat by around 2 inches (8-10 cups water) Bring pot to a boil Skim off any foam that rises to the surface
Add to the pot one quartered onion, 5 whole garlic cloves, bay leaves, 2 teaspoons salt and chicken bouillon and simmer for 1 ½ hours
Meanwhile, remove seeds and veins from chilies and add to a small pot with enough water to cover them Bring to a boil and boil for 15 minutes Remove from heat
Use a slotted spoon to spoon the chilies into a blender. Add 1 cup liquid rom the saucepan that boiled them, along with 5 peeled garlic cloves Blend well until smooth
Discard any remaining water from the small saucepan that cooked the chilies Add 2 tablespoons oil to it over medium heat Pour the blended chilies mixture through a fine mesh strainer into the pot and cook for 10 minutes over medium low heat, stirring often.
From the stockpot with the meat, remove bay leaves, onion, garlic Pour in the chili sauce mixture, oregano, and hominy Season with salt and pepper to taste. Bring to a slow boil and then simmer for 30 minutes, or until pork is very tender
Taste and adjust seasonings (add more salt, chicken bouillon paste or oregano, to taste).
The toppings added really make or break the soups end result! Ladle soup into bowl and top with a handful of shredded cabbage, chopped onion, fresh cilantro, and a squeeze of fresh lime juice You could also top with avocado and thinly sliced radishes Serve with a tortilla on the side
MYFAMILYHEIRLOOM:THEVIRTUTIMILITARICROSS
By MILA APPLEBAUM ‘30
Kept in my mother’s office is an object that has been passed down through three generations: my great-grandfather's Virtuti Militari cross.
It is Poland's highest military decoration for heroism and bravery in the face of the enemy, which was originally established in 1792 by King Stanisław Poniatowski. During World War II, it was awarded to thousands of Polish soldiers for acts of bravery, including my great-grandfather: Meir Apfelbaum
My great-grandpa lived through World War II and fought against Nazi Germany while his family struggled to survive far away. His wife and children faced hunger, extreme cold, illness, constant fear and no certainty that they would ever see him again Despite these difficulties , he continued fighting, knowing that his family’s future depended on his courage.
My great-grandfather served in the Polish army, fighting alongside the Soviet Red army on the Eastern Front In 1944 his unit received a dangerous mission: to destroy a German supply bridge over the Vistula River, a vital route used to transport Nazi supplies.
Several attempts failed because of the heavily guarded area, so he volunteered Under intense enemy fire and gun shots he carried explosives close to his own body weight, crawling towards the bridge while bullets struck the ground around him. Even as the Nazi soldiers tried to take him down, he did not stop Reaching the bridge, he placed the explosives and escaped just in time. The explosion destroyed the bridge, cutting off an important Nazi supply route and saving many lives.
For this act of exceptional bravery, my greatgrandfather was awarded the Virtuti Militari, Poland’s highest military award. His story is one of heroism and sacrifice, proving that although the Virtuti Militari is small, it carries enormous weight in Polish history, symbolizing courage, sacrifice, and resilience, and serving as a reminder of the many soldiers who fought for their country during World War II.
THEDEATHOFTHELASTEMPEROR
By EMMA ROSSI ‘28
Emma is an Italian-Bosnian sophmore who is extremely passionate about fashion Usually Emma loves to spend time with friends and traveling.
When we talk about fashion emperors, one of the most influential names that inevitably emerges is Mr. Valentino Garavani. Renowned as a symbol of elegance, luxury, and timeless beauty, Valentino founded a fashion house that achieved international recognition, particularly for its iconic signature “Valentino red ” His designs have been worn by celebrities and influential figures around the world, highlighting a refined Italian style often described as jet-set chic. Valentino’s vision extends beyond clothing, representing an ideal of sophistication and excellence that continues to influence contemporary fashion today
Valentino Garavani, was born the 11th of may 1932 in Voghera, a small town close to Milan and Turin. His love for fashion was born well before the start of the Valentino company in 1960 Also as a child, the designer loved fashion and even before leaving for his studies, he already worked as an employee in small shops in his town. In fact, Valentino moved to Paris, the undisputed capital of fashion, where luxury and haute couture was born, at the age of 17, to go study at L’Ecole des Beaux Arts He had a gift in fashion, which was already shown after winning a competition in fashion design that was run by the international wool secretariat. After concluding his 3 years of studies in Paris, the designer started working for Desse, a well known fashion brand at the time, and then working for Guy Laroche, where he stayed for 2 years. Before opening his very own fashion house, Valentino worked for Balenciaga, alongside Cristobal Balenciaga - one of the best known designers In 1959, the designer made his return to Italy, where he decided to open his first salon in one of Rome's most luxurious avenues, Via Condotti (although that was only possible through his fathers economical help) One year later, Valentino met Giancarlo Giammetti, who at the time was an architecture student, and their relationship increased slowly, eventually entering both a professional and romantic relationship.
Their private relationship lasted around 12 years, making it one of the most important relationships in each other's life. The end of it was not dramatic, matter of fact, the two remained amicable even after their breakup. In terms of their professional relationship, the two had very clear roles in the Maison Valentino fashion house; Garavani was the creative mind and the complete creator, meanwhile Giammetti was the strategic and business brain. Due to this level of organisation, success arrived quickly. Maison Valentino became one of the most influential brands globally
Maison Valentino, as said earlier, was founded by Valentino Garavani and Giancarlo Giammetti in the 1960s. In 1962, the maison, (creatively speaking) led by Valentino, presented its first haute couture runway in Florence, at Palazzo Pitti Success rose immediately, and in an astonishing way too Through only one collection, the brand was already being requested by celebrities, first ladies, and influential people, for example Audrey Hepburn and Jacky Kennedy. Valentino created a whole ideal around his brand One of the quotes the designer used to always say was: “I love beauty, it is not my fault”. Thus describes the ideal: beauty. Since the start of his career his goal was to make women feel beautiful and perfect. His vision for women was clear: to elevate and enhance femininity through a classically inspired elegance; romantic and architectural in form, yet always unmistakably ultra-feminine. His work is always easy to recognize thanks to his simplicity, elegance, fine lines, precise embroidery and beautiful volumes.
His elegance is also given by the use of color Valentino. More specifically, the designer is known for his “Rosso Valentino”. This color is still an emblem in the Maisons world. This color was introduced by the Maison with the dress “fiesta”, a strapless red tulle gown that was presented even before his first show. After multiple uses of this color, the brand’s identity evolved to include it, with its importance also being seen due to it being introduced to the pantone list of colors It is also
said that Valentino fell in love with this shade of red after a trip to Spain, where he saw multiple women in an opera theater wearing it on stage Mr Garavani, on the other hand, was known for his absurd precision, which was noticeable in every creation of his pieces; for him, everything had to be perfect Valentino also created bridal designs, for example, Jackie Kennedy, Jennifer Lopez and Beatrice Borromeo all decided to wear this brand on such a special day. This shows the way this brand reaches people’s hearts and makes everyone feel beautiful. After 48 years of designing and creating some of the world's best fashion pieces, Valentino stepped down from the role of creative director, making Pier Paolo Piccioli and Maria Grazia Chiuri the new creative directors of the Maison. This move was made at his request, since the two had actually started working by his side in 1999This gave them the time to learn his view and understand the way that such a designer worked The two worked together as Co-Creative directors, giving the maison a new and refreshed look, but still maintaining its originality. The brand evolved further when Maria Grazia Chiuri left the creative direction, leaving the stage to Pier Paolo èiccioli, until 2024, when Alessandro di Michele became the new creative director. His influence on the fashion world was astonishing. All of the most famous people have worn his clothes, and all understood his vision of elegance and perfection
The way he wanted women to feel was something that not all fashion designers could achieve and that is what made him special Valentino was renowned for his unique fusion of bold, vibrant Italian fashion with the refined elegance of French haute couture, the highest expression of craftsmanship in fashion, characterized by exceptional attention to detail and rigorous dressmaking standards. His influence on people was shown on the day of his passing, as this event showed to the world the effect he had on people His influence became international, and not only Italian. Valentino was one of the first Italian designers to become famous in France, the capital of haute couture, in fact,his first French collection was shown in 1975 in Paris at one of the most vigorous hotels in Paris, hotel Geroge V, allowing his fame to keep growing at an international level. In fact, in the 1880s, the mansion expanded into being presented in New York City and Tokyo. This allowed Valentino to become one of the most influential brands internationally, emphasizing its inclusion in all cultures
In conclusion, the death of Valentino Garavani marked the end of an era in the history of fashion. His passing was felt deeply across the world, not only within the fashion industry but also among those who saw him as a symbol of beauty, perfection, and timeless elegance. Designers, celebrities, and admirers alike paid tribute to someone who had shaped decades of style and defined what haute couture truly meant Valentino was more than just a designer; he was an one of the imperators of fashion, one of the last to fully embody the vision, and craftsmanship of a former age. In a contemporary fashion world driven by speed and trends, his legacy stands as a reminder of devotion to creativity that enhances elegance, precision, and enduring beauty. For this reason, Valentino Garavani will forever be remembered as the last great fashion emperor.
THE2025NOBELPRIZEGOESTO...
By MILENA FABBRI ‘29
In 1896 a Swedish inventor named Alfred Bernhard Nobel passed away In his will he stated that his fortune was to be used to reward “those who, during the preceding year, shall have conferred the greatest benefit to humankind.” As a result, 1901, each year the Nobel Prizes have been awarded in several chosen disciplines: Chemistry, Physics, Physiology or Medicine, and Literature Each year, a Nobel Prize for Peace is also awarded based on Alfred Nobel’s specific vision, stated in his will:
“Oneparttothepersonwhoshallhave donethemostorthebestworkfor fraternitybetweennations,theabolition orreductionofstandingarmiesandfor theholdingandpromotionofpeace congresses.”(Excerptfromthewillof
AlfredNobel)
In 2025 the Nobel Prize was awarded to 11 recipients. Here is a brief description of the winners and their remarkable contributions.
LITERATURE
The 2025 Nobel Prize for Literature was awarded to László Krasznahorkai, a Hungarian writer. In an interview, he stated that he never wanted to be a writer, and he just wanted to write one amazing book, but after finishing it he wasn't satisfied, so he tried to do it again in his next book. This cycle continued and at the end of the interview he said that he actually could not remember why he decided to become a writer, and had just come up with a good reason This way of twisting reality is to make it more understandable and entertaining is part of the creative license he uses in his work. His novels have dark themes with irony, positioning readers between chaos and hope through a style that draws them deep into the narrative This effect comes from his signature long, winding sentences, which mimic the flow of human thought, and can sometimes be as long as the book itself.
PHYSICS
John Clarke, Michel H Devoret, and John M Martinis were awarded the Nobel prize in Physics in the area of quantum mechanics. Their research showed how quantum effects could also appear in more human sized electric circuits The two properties that they demonstrated are quantum tunneling (when a particle jumps through a barrier it should not be able to cross) and quantized energy levels (a particle with energy in steps, not smooth ramps). This experiment took place at UC Berkeley 40 years ago! Since then, the three scientists have advanced quantum technologies at universities like UCSB, Yale, and UC Berkeley.
PHYSIOLOGY OR MEDICINE
This year's Nobel in Physiology or Medicine went to Mary E. Brunko, Fred Ramsell, and Simon Sakaguchi for their discoveries about regulatory t cells and peripheral immune tolerance While the discovery of T cells was made in 1961 by Jacques Miller through experiments showing the thymus's (an organ in between your lungs) critical role in cellular immunity, the recent laureates discovered special T cells called regulatory T cells These T cells use a gene called FOXP3 to calm down aggressive T cells that might cause problems like autoimmune diseases. This discovery drives many developments in the medicine industry, finding treatments for autoimmune diseases, cancer, diseases, allergies, and transplants
CHEMISTRY
The Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry to Susumu Kitagawa, Richard Robson, and Omar M. Yaghi for developing metal-organic frameworks (MOFs). In 1974, 52 years ago, Richard Robson started the MOF project, inspired by building wooden models of crystals MOFs are a new type of porous material made by linking metal atoms with organic molecules These frameworks have vast internal spaces, like a sugar cube with the surface area of a football field, allowing gases and liquids to flow through easily.
They offer the potential to be used in many different circumstances from harvesting water in deserts to capturing CO2 from the air.
PEACE
Lastly, and most importantly, the Nobel Peace Prize, which is often the most highly regarded of the awards, was awarded to María Corina Machado, a Venezuelan politician, activist, and key figure of the opposition to the administrations of Hugo Chávez and Nicolás Maduro. She was recognized for her courageous fight to promote democratic rights through peaceful means, in the face of personal danger 125 years after the first Nobel prizes were awarded, this annual tradition still attracts music attention and respect. Every year we are inspired by the stories of the laureates and their impactful and pioneering work. This year's geographically dispersed laureates show us that wherever you might be you can change the world for the better.
MOVIESYOUWON’TMISS,LIGHTS, CAMERA,2026!
By ALICE DI VINCENZO ‘29
2026 is set to be an exciting year at the movies, with plenty of long awaited releases set for every age group From hilarious animated films for families and kids to thrilling horror movies, whether you prefer a heartthrobbing romance or a dramatic story, there's a film for everyone! So whatever your favourite genre is, this year is gonna be a year of unforgettable stories and lots of trips to the cinema!
For younger movie lovers, this year seems to be the year of sequels! Toy Story 5 follows the fan favourites, Woody and Buzz, as they face their biggest challenge yet to save themselves and the rest of the toys; Technology! Minions 3 promises fun and laughter from the iconic yellow mischief makers, and the Super Mario Galaxy movie is perfect for any lovers of the video game, bringing all the fun action and games to the big screen! All 3 of these films can be enjoyed by both children and their parents, making them all great choices for a family movie night!
For fans of horror and gore movies, there are also lots of spine chilling films coming out this year Terrifier 4 continues the terrifying story of Art the clown, and Scream 7, a gory film which follows the iconic ghostface killer and its next target, Sidney, who must confront her demons to put an end to the bloodshed once and for all All of these are a perfect choice if you want something scream worthy.. But beware these films could cause nightmares and severe anxiety. Don't say I didn't warn you
If you prefer something with gothic elements but lighter and more romantic, then Wuthering Heights is the perfect film for you! It's a love story, but doesn't follow the classic themes, instead it is darker, with more creepy elements perfect for those who enjoy stories with a gothic element but don’t want anything too frightening.
However, if nerve-racking films aren’t your thing and you prefer something more classically romantic, then People We Meet on Vacation is a great friends to enemies to lovers, which is perfect for fans of the rom com genre.
And finally for any fans of drama and comedy, Devil Wears Prada 2, the highly anticipated sequel, is officially happening and is scheduled to be released in May of this year. Fans of the 1st movie are buzzing with excitement to see what's in store and to see if it lives up to the high standing reputation of the first movie The film will include all of the well loved characters including Miranda Priestly, interpreted by Meryl Streep, and her once assistant, now rival, Emily Charlton, portrayed by Emily Blunt.
Overall, whether you're into psychological thrillers or dreamy romances, 2026 will be a year filled with trips to the movies and family friendly movie nights at home.
Sograbyourbucketofpopcornand headtoyourlocalcinemaforayearof unforgettablestorylinesandadventures.
L I T I C A L
THEUKSUPREMECOURT’SDECISIONRESOLVES CIVILCLAIMSFOLLOWINGINSANITYRULING
By SOPHIE MARTIN ‘27
Sophie is a junior who is interested in topics of law, and writes about different court hearings. When not writing for the Tuskan Times, she loves to place tennis or bake with her friends.
Lewis-Ranwell (Respondent) v G4S Health Services (UK) Ltd and others (Appellants)
The Supreme Court of the United Kingdom has decided that Lewis Ranwell was found not guilty of murder due to reason of insanity is unable to pursue a civil negligence claim, which is a legal action brought to court when one party (the defendant) fails to practice due diligence and results in foreseeable injury, property damage, or financial loss to another (the plaintiff), against public authorities whose purported deficiencies foreshadowed the killings, in a choice that simplifies the extension of legality defence within the English law
The judgement, which was given on January 21, 2026, was derived from the case of Lewis-Ranwell v G4S Health Services and others, which anticipated the murder of three elderly gentlemen in 2019
Theapplicant,whohasalengthyhistory ofschizophrenia,committedthese heinousactswhileundergoingasevere psychoticepisode.
A criminal jury ruled that due to the mental state of the man he was not aware of the wrongfulness of his actions, hence that he was not guilty by reason of insanity. He was later detained under the Mental Health Act.
Lewis-Ranwell soon brought about several civil proceedings against multiple defendants, some of which included: G4S Health Services Ltd, NHS bodies, and the local authorities. He claimed that due to failures in assessment, detention, and mental health care in his earlier encounters with the police his condition declined, which ultimately led to the murders.
He desired damages and an indemnity against any of the possible claims from the families of the victims.
In the lower courts, they had originally allowed for this claim to follow through, with the reason that the illegality defence (this is when a defendant argues that a claimant should be denied remedies because the claim arises from the claimant's own illegal or immoral conduct) should not be applicable to any person who lacks criminal responsibility The UK Supreme Court disagreed
In a universal judgement (universal jurisdiction is a legal principle that allows states or international organizations to claim criminal jurisdiction over an accused person, regardless of where the alleged crime was committed and irrespective of the accused's nationality, country of residence, or any other connection to the prosecuting entity), the Court decided that the defense of illegality does in fact apply, even in situations where the applicant was exonerated on the grounds of insanity.
The justices highlighted that the point is not of moral blameworthiness, but actually permitting the claim would undermine the consistency principle (the rule of consistency in criminal conspiracy law is a legal principle that addresses) of the legal system The murders, while not subsequent in criminal liability, embodied major unlawful actions in regards to civil law
The Court cautioned that allowing such recovering in particular instances would forge an objectionable deviation between criminal and civil law, which would then allow for the applicant to then benefit under the conduct that wholly violates public order.
This ruling ultimately disregards claims that arise precisely from brutal acts that are being committed while under episodes of severe mental illness. Even though the Court acknowledges how crucial it is to scrutinize institutional failures, it emphasizes that instruments other than civil damages (inquests or public inquiries) are regarded as more appropriate SNAILSTITCHDESIGN
O P I N I O N
PEOPLEWEMEETONVACATIONBOOKREVIEW
By ALLEGRA DIFLORIO ‘27
Allegra is an Italian-American junior who loves to write book reviews Other than writing for the Tuskan Times, Allegra can be found playing volleyball or hanging out with her cat, Juni
With the Netflix adaptation of People We Meet on Vacation having just come out on January 9th, I figured I simply had to review the book that this rom-com is based off of. And, as per usual, I must preface this article by saying that the book is always better than the movie, even with Tom Blythe starring as Alex (if you know, you know!)
To begin, however, let me first introduce Emily Henry, an American author known for several of her works, including Beach Read, Book Lovers, and of course, People We Meet on Vacation Henry attended Hope College (Michigan) on a creative writing scholarship with the intention of pursuing dance. Currently based out of Cincinnati, she is the number one New York Times and Sunday Times bestselling author and just came out with a new book, entitled Great Big Beautiful Life, released in April of 2025 (which won the 2025 Goodreads Choice Awards for best romance). Henry also won the Goodreads Choice Awards for Best Romance in 2021 for People We Meet on Vacation
The novel begins by introducing our two main characters: wild child Poppy and stay-at-homewith-a-book Alex.
After a fateful car share home from university many years ago, they become best friends, staying in touch via annual, one week long, summer vacations.
Despite Poppy living in New York City and Alex staying in their tiny hometown, over a decade passes with them meeting up every summer. Until two years ago, when one mistake ruins everything and makes them go two years with no contact. After being asked the last time that she was truly happy, Poppy realises that it was on that trip and so decides to reconnect with Alex to lay everything out on the table, and make it all right. Miraculously, he agrees to one final vacation together, giving Poppy one week to fix what was broken
Toldviachaptersthatswitchfrom summertosummer,thereaderdiscovers whatexactlythismistakewasandwhat Poppyisgoingtohavetodotofixit.
People We Meet on Vacation is a fun, entertaining, summer read (I find it funny that the movie was released in the winter, as this does not fit its aesthetic at all) that is definitely fit for high school readers. The banter between characters is amusing to read and the miscommunication trope is just gut wrenching. Henry is able to expertly captivate the yearning (and other feelings) involved with being in love with your best friend, while keeping the novel lighthearted and fun It will have you giggling at one moment, then anxious and dejected, and then cringing from embarrassment the next!
While I did really enjoy reading this book, it definitely serves its purpose as an airplane read, not as an academic piece of work or anything
(Ifitwereatreat,itwouldbecotton candy,sweetandabitempty).
However, it completely emulates summer vibes, and is super entertaining and enjoyable as a quick read Please be warned, however, that there are a few spicy scenes to be aware of for some of our younger readers. Other than this, it is a great book for when you are feeling nostalgic about summer or need something to read on the beach!
Crossword ANSWERS
Across
3. Samuel, inventor of the electric telegraph
7. Raw material used in factories, white and fluffy
9. Economic system based on private ownership
12. Higher social class in industrial society
14. Mode of transport during early industrial revolution replaced by trains
15. One of the few powers available to the unions Down
1. The social class that lacked capital
2. Owen Factory owner who began a cooperative movement and cared about working conditions
4. Carbon and Iron combined, a new material for the industrial revolution
5. A large building where goods are manufactured by machines on a large scale
6. Alessandro, invented the first battery
8. Alfred, invented dynamite
10. engine Watt's improved invention that powered the factories of the 19th century
11. First Country to have a large industrial revolution
13. Jenny machine that drastically sped up thread production in 1764
B
I
THE HEART OF MEXICO IS FOOD
Information:
Editors , Britannica “Mole | Description, Sauce, Mexican Cuisine, Ingredients, & Uses | Britannica” Mole, www britannica com/topic/mole-sauce Accessed 25 Jan 2026
Editors, Britannica. Tortilla | Description, Preparation, & Uses | Britannica, www.britannica.com/topic/tortilla. Accessed 25 Jan 2026
Freixa, Victoria. “Tamales: A Rich History.” Cocina, 23 July 2025, wearecocina.com/blog/tamales-a-richhistory?srsltid=AfmBOorolf-ODqf9Q6aPb-qmYQ1J3Ic5Ff6KtfuaypRFGUmahthVuBIv.
“History of the Taco” Tex Mex Restaurant, 9 July 2024, www twistedtaco com/the-history-of-the-taco
“Learn about the History of Guacamole: Avocados from Mexico.” Avocado From Mexico, 27 July 2025, avocadosfrommexico com/education/about-avo/guacamole-origin-history/
Mexsabores. “Discover Mexican Mole: History, Tradition, and Flavor.” Discover Mexican Mole: History, Tradition, and Flavor, MEXSabores, 12 Nov 2024, www mexsabores com/en/post/discover-mexican-mole-historytradition-and-flavor
Origin of Pozole: The Dish of Mexico s Celebrations , www.aeromexico.com/en-us/travel-blogcaminos/origin-of-pozole Accessed 25 Jan 2026
Petruzzell, Melissa, and Britannica Editors “Tamale | Definition, Preparation, Variations, & Facts | Britannica” Tamales, www.britannica.com/topic/tamale-food. Accessed 25 Jan. 2026.
“The Rise of Guacamole: Interesting Facts to Know” Tex Mex Restaurant, 9 July 2024, www twistedtaco com/twisted-guacamole
Images:
Martinez, Rick A “Tamales Recipe - Nyt Cooking” Tamales, 18 Dec 2023, cooking nytimes com/recipes/1024434-tamales
Meléndez, María. “Taste of Mexico: Mole.” Mexico News Daily, 9 Apr. 2025, mexiconewsdaily.com/food/tasteof-mexico-mexican-mole/
Orozco-Moore, Isabel “Easy Chicken Pozole” Isabel Eats, 15 Sept 2025, www isabeleats com/mexican-slowcooker-chicken-posole/.
R, Dora “Vegan Pozole Verde,” Google com, 23 Oct 2018, www google com/url? sa=i&url=https%3A%2F%2Fdorastable com%2Fvegan-pozoleverde%2F&psig=AOvVaw2Co0gWAu3Yvq48kIIRfgd5&ust=1771013276369000&source=images&cd=vfe&opi= 89978449&ved=0CBUQjRxqFwoTCPiagt7g1JIDFQAAAAAdAAAAABAE Accessed 12 Feb 2026
JADEBRACELETS&SNAKEPRINTS
Information:
“Jade Bracelets Meaning: Everything You Should Know About” Talisa com, 2021, www.talisa.com/stories/jade-bracelets-meaning?srsltid=AfmBOorvdmeLgW-w787X007nSpWDMGJc4ZePKCa83MqEA JzSre77cw& gr=US Accessed 26 Jan 2026
Ohanian, Ara “What Is Snake Print? - Fashion Terms Explained” Faz Fashion, 9 Apr 2025, fazbuy.com/blogs/fashion-terms/what-is-snake-print-fashion-terms-explained. Accessed 26 Jan. 2026. Xie, Ms “Jade Bracelet Symbolism: The Spiritual Meaning, Cultural Roots, and Modern Power of Jade in 2025 - Jadebracelet net” Jadebracelet net, 29 Oct 2025, jadebracelet net/jade-bracelet-symbolism/ Accessed 26 Jan. 2026.
Images:
“Redirect Notice” Google com, 2026, www google com/url? sa=t&source=web&rct=j&url=https%3A%2F%2Fbuddhastoneshop com%2Fproducts%2Fnatural-jadefortune-blessing-bangle-bracelet&ved=0CBYQjRxqFwoTCICTt-H5qJIDFQAAAAAdAAAAABAi&opi=89978449. Accessed 26 Jan 2026
Redirect Notice.” Google.com, 2026, www.google.com/url? sa=t&source=web&rct=j&url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww istockphoto com%2Fillustrations%2Fsnakeskin&ved=0CBYQjRxqGAoTCMCv8Yn6qJIDFQAAAAAdAAAAABCGAQ&opi=89978449 Accessed 26 Jan 2026
NOBELLAUREATES
Berkeley Lab Media Relations. “How John Clarke’s Nobel Prize-Winning Research Paved the Way for Quantum Computing – QB3 Berkeley” Berkeley edu, 2026, qb3 berkeley edu/news/how-john-clarkes-nobel-prizewinning-research-paved-the-way-for-quantum-computing/ Accessed 21 Jan 2026
Castelvecchi, Davide, and Miryam Naddaf. “Chemistry Nobel for Scientists Who Developed Massively Porous ‘Super Sponge’ Materials” Nature, Oct 2025, https://doi org/10 1038/d41586-025-03195-1
Greene, Connor “Meet the 2025 Nobel Prize Winners” TIME, Time, 9 Oct 2025, time com/7324861/nobelprize-2025-winners/.
Interviewed by Adam Thirlwell “László Krasznahorkai, the Art of Fiction No 240” The Paris Review, 20 Oct 2025, www.theparisreview.org/interviews/7177/the-art-of-fiction-no-240-laszlo-krasznahorkai.
“Metal-Organic Framework - an Overview | ScienceDirect Topics” Www sciencedirect com, www sciencedirect com/topics/materials-science/metal-organic-framework
“Nobel 2025 – the Work of Clarke, Devoret, and Martinis Lays the Foundation for the Quantum Computer –CREF” Cref it, 2025, www cref it/en/news-en/nobel-2025-the-work-of-clarke-devoret-and-martinis-laysthe-foundation-for-the-quantum-computer/ Accessed 21 Jan 2026
North, Madeleine, and Kate Whiting “The Nobel Prize Winners of 2025 – and Why Their Work Matters” World Economic Forum, 14 Oct 2025, www weforum org/stories/2025/10/nobel-prize-winners-2025-why-theirwork-matters/
“Peripheral Tolerance: Definition & B vs T | StudySmarter” StudySmarter UK, 2019, www studysmarter co uk/explanations/medicine/pathology-histology/peripheral-tolerance/ Accessed 22 Jan 2026
Svanholm, Karin “Nobel Prize Lessons – László Krasznahorkai” NobelPrize org, 3 Oct 2025, www nobelprize org/nobel-prize-lessons-the-2025-literature-prize/ Accessed 24 Jan 2026
The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica. “Alfred Nobel | Biography & Facts.” Encyclopædia Britannica, 8 Mar. 2019, www britannica com/biography/Alfred-Nobel
The Nobel Assembly “Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2025” NobelPrize org, 2018, www.nobelprize.org/prizes/medicine/2025/press-release/.
“The Nobel Foundation” NobelPrize org, www nobelprize org/the-nobel-prize-organisation/the-nobelfoundation/
“The Nobel Peace Prize” NobelPrize org, 2014, www nobelprize org/prizes/peace/
2026NEWFILMS&TVSERIES
Barber, Nicholas. “Wuthering Heights to the Odyssey: 16 of the Most Exciting Films Coming up in 2026.” Bbc com, BBC, 2 Jan 2026, www bbc com/culture/article/20251230-films-to-watch-in-2026 Accessed 18 Jan 2026
Wikipedia Contributors. “Scream 7.” Wikipedia, Wikimedia Foundation, 26 Jan. 2026, en wikipedia org/wiki/Scream 7#: :text=7%20External%20links-,Premise,killings%20once%20and%20for%20 all Accessed 26 Jan 2026
--. “The Super Mario Galaxy Movie.” Wikipedia, Wikimedia Foundation, 18 Jan. 2026, en wikipedia org/wiki/The Super Mario Galaxy Movie
Information
“Lewis-Ranwell (Respondent) v G4S Health Services (UK) Ltd and Others (Appellants) No 3 - UK Supreme Court” Supremecourt uk, 21 Jan 2026, supremecourt uk/cases/uksc-2024-0043 Accessed 25 Jan 2026
Images:
“Triple Killer Alexander Lewis-Ranwell Not Guilty of Murder due to Insanity.” BBC News, 2 Dec. 2019, www bbc co uk/news/uk-england-devon-50591495
BOOKREVIEW-PEOPLEWEMEETONVACATION
Information:
“bio EMILY HENRY” EMILY HENRY, https://www emilyhenrybooks com/bio Accessed 26 January 2026
Henry, Emily “Emily Henry” Wikipedia, https://en wikipedia org/wiki/Emily Henry#Awards Accessed 26 January 2026.
Images:
“bio EMILY HENRY” EMILY HENRY, https://www emilyhenrybooks com/bio Accessed 26 January 2026
Creamer, Ella, et al. “'My favourite stories are love stories': Emily Henry on her enemies-to-lovers relationship with romance fiction” The Guardian, 27 April 2024, https://www theguardian com/books/2024/apr/27/myfavourite-stories-are-love-stories-emily-henry-on-her-enemies-to-lovers-relationship-with-romancefiction Accessed 26 January 2026
B
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