works

works

irwan soetikno

Irwan Soetikno is an urban designer at RTKL International with extensive experiences across Asia. Previously he was appointed as an architectural & landscape designer in well-known design practices; British Alsop Architect (SMC ALSOP, Singapore) and Japanese HMA Architects, Shanghai. His design work have traversed multidisciplinary boundary of art, architecture, landscape and urban design. With strong interest in design theory and contemporary practice, he is committed to push the theoretical knowledge into practice, and cultivate a critical academic research for design practice. His research paper has been published and presented for international urban design conference and his photography works has been published and exhibited in China, Singapore, Indonesia, US and Germany. His design interest includes Housing, Hybrid Buildings, & Urban Design.

Education M.Arch (EPMA / English Program Master of Architecture), 2010-2012 Tsinghua University, School of Architecture, Beijing, China Chinese Intermediate, 2005-2006 Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China B.Arch Eng, 1997-2001 Parahyangan Catholic University, Bandung, Indonesia

Professional Experiences Urban Designer, RTKL International, Beijing, 2012-now Haikou Xiuying Port Harbor Urban Regeneration, Hainan, China Architectural Designer, SPARCH / SMC ALSOP, Singapore, 2007-2010 Project Sugarcane competition, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam Hyderabad Metropolitan Development Authority Office Competition, Hyderabad, India Guangzhou East Office Tower competition, Guangzhou, China Space Station 1&2, Hyderabad, India Architectural Designer, Andy Fisher Workshop, Singapore, 2006-2007 Condominium, 150,000 sqft, Baner, Puna, India Master plan, harbor - Port Louis, Mauritius Master plan, 32 acre mix-development, Airport Road, Puna, India Private villa, 2 acre, Bangalore, India Architect, HMA Architects & Designers, Shanghai, 2005-2006 X2 – IT Centre, Shanghai, China Zhongkai Residential, Nanchang, China

www.ishenstudio.com

ishenstudio@yahoo.com

Soho Island Residential, Suzhou, China Landscape Designer, LandArt (Shanghai), Shanghai, 2002-2005 Peace Garden Residential, Shanghai, China Narada Housing, Suzhou, China Bi ling wan Residential, Shanghai, China Junior Architect, GRK- Urban Revitalization Group, Bandung, Indonesia 2001-2002

Proceeding Conference Mnemonic Practice: Hybrid Urban Village as Reconstruction of Memory of Places; Urban Design Asia (October 2012), Seoul, South Korea.

Myth & The City: Dissolution of Mythical Traditional Environment; International Urban Design Conference, Design Places ( April 2012), University of Nottingham, UK.

Publication Mnemonic Practice: Hybrid Urban Village as Reconstruction of Memory of Places; Beijing Planning Review, March 2013.

Upcoming publication: SCROOPE 23, Urban Crisis (July 2013), The Cambridge Architecture Journal, University of Cambridge, UK Photography, accompanying articles; The use of the old buildings, the war of space; DI Architecture & Design Magazine, Shanghai, China (no 119, 2005 08 25) Stones and stone architecture design in China; DI Architecture & Design Magazine, Shanghai, China (no 118, 2005 06 25)

Awards / Exhibition Beijing Government Scholarship 2011 Research Assistantship, Tsinghua University, School of Architecture, 2010-2012 INTERNATIONAL PHOTOGRAPHY AWARDS, US 2005 Honorable mention for non-professional architecture category SALON FOTO INDONESIA (SFI) XXVI , 2005 Awarded bronze medal for color prints category Exhibitions: SFI Exhibition in Batam, Indonesia SFI Exhibition in Ministry of International Cultural & Art (MICA), Singapore CREATIVE PHOTOGRAPHY COMPETITION IN CHINA, 2005 (WANG XIAO HUI - BASF) Selected work published on exhibition catalogue in 2005 CHINA PHOTOGRAPHY CONTEST "SQUARE OF THE CITY", 2005 Selected work Best Employee of the Year, (LandArt Shanghai, 2004)

www.ishenstudio.com

ishenstudio@yahoo.com

content EUCALYPTUS HOUSE Bangalore, India

myth and the city essay

Beijing Palace City Scroll at the National Museum of China, Beijing

AIDS MEMORIAL PARK international competition, NYC HMDA HEADQUARTER Hyderabad, India

SPACE STATION ONE Hyderabad, India

X2-IT CENTER Shanghai, China RESILIENT CITY: LIBERATING THE MARCO POLO ISLAND

Beijing, China

ERTONG HOUSING Beijing, China TERRAIN VAGUE Beijing, China

MNEMONIC PRACTICE

PEACE GARDEN RESIDENTIAL Shanghai, China

essay

MNEMONIC PRACTICE MASTER THESIS, 2012

Ruin of Gedong Songo Temple, Central Java, Indonesia. (Left, Photo by author)

The Spatial organization of Balinese temple.

The element of water & sound, aroma & smell, visual of ornaments and nature, tactility of material and natural phenomenon altogether compose the perception of place (Above, photo by author).

The layers & illusion of space/ the formal dimension (Below, photo by author).

9

MNEMONIC PRACTICE MASTER THESIS, 2012

JUNHUA URBAN REDEVELOPMENT Zhongshan, Guangzhou, China

STATE GRID HEADQUARTERS Tianjin, China

SOHO ISLAND Suzhou, China

GUANGYANG PEACOCK CITY Guangyang, China

GUANGZHOU EAST TOWER Guangzhou, China

PROJECT SUGARCANE Hochimin City, Vietnam

HAIKOU URBAN REGENERATION Xiuying Port, Haikou, China

Beijing Palace City Scroll at the National Museum of China, Beijing

8

01

Myth and the City Dissolution of Mythical Traditional Environment (Selected for International Urban Design Conference: DESIGNING PLACES, University of Nottingham, UK, April 2012)

irwan soetikno / ishenstudio@yahoo.com

Myth, as a form of culture, is not merely a product of traditional culture and its society.

Myth with its symbol and representation is also palpable in modern society and its city.

Beijing as a culmination of ancient imperial city and modern capitalist of new China, emerges as a place of peculiar environment. It lays in between the duality of traditional environment and modern urbanism. Established on cosmic order and currently adopted the principle of ‘generic city’, Beijing is undoubtedly an intriguing study model of modern Asian cities in the age of globalisation. By looking at its historical architectural artefact and new urban fabric, the author attempt to re-establish the notion of: myth of modern city today. Coming from origin where myth are widely celebrated, he believes myth is still an important element to define sense of place in our modern city.

2

9

Shrinking Horizon Wanchun Pavilion is a modest building with

Seeing Manhattan from the 110th floor of the

footprint less than 20X20m. Unlike the Twin

World Trade Centre. Beneath the haze stirred

Towers which rose in heroic proportion and

up by the wind, the urban island, a sea in the

sophisticated glazed-skin, this little pavilion is

middle of the sea, lifts up the skyscrapers over

decorated with delicate ornaments with its

Wall Street, sinks down at Greenwich, then

three layers pitch-roof humbly stretched to the

rises again to the crests of Midtown, quietly

sky. It is a piece of structure which is

passes over Central Park and finally undulates

neglected and almost forgotten, a memory of

off into the distance beyond Harlem. A wave

ancient city, which is now invaded by modern

of verticals. Its agitation is momentarily

iconic buildings.

arrested by vision.1

From this peak, I could observe the historical core of Beijing, which sits in the axial cosmic

Standing at the Wanchun Pavilion of Jingshan

order recognised as Feng Shui. To the south,

Park, the peak of Beijing’s historical core,

series of golden roofs of imperial palace rising

which rises almost 95m above the sea level,

from the hidden ground. Glowing under the

reminds me of Michel de Certeau’s pesonal

warm summer sunlight they reveal a

experience from the peak of New York City.

mysterious ‘text’ to the stranger like me who

Though the point where Certeau observed

simply can only enjoy the poetic harmony of

Manhattan later shrunk to Ground Zero and

their composition. The linear axis to the north

become a memorial site after the September

which is marked by several gate towers,

11 violent attack, the point where I stand

guarded by green landscape which climbs up

survived after more than 500 years history of

to the peak. My favourite scene, the west side,

imperial China and become a memorial after

where the man made water body form series

the capitalism ruled over the city.

of lakes and merge into park. There stood a

World Trade Centre is a masterpiece of a

White Pagoda shadowed by setting sun in the

guilty man, Minoru Yamasaki, after his Pruitt-

unobstructed horizon, signified the end of an

Igoe was levelled to the ground, signified the

episode. Starting from that horizon, I was

death of modernism. Later, when World Trade

awoken by colour of life which I have been

Centre was erected, Yamasaki again suffered

missing for such a long time. A wisdom of a

bitter criticism for his tallest twin tower which

ancient city, a myth which brings me to a

was regarded as anti-urban.2 Today, a decade

curiosity.

after 9/11 tragedy, the world has realised its lost of the most iconic piece in modern history, a monument of its modern civilisation.

A memory of a city...

1 Certeau, Michel de. The Practice of Everyday Life, 1988, p91 2 Sudjic, Deyan. The Edifice Complex, How the Rich and Powerful Shape the World, 2005, p350

10

3

Jingshan Park within the Ancient City layout. (Sketch by the author) Forbidden City from Wanchun Pavilion at Jingshan Park. (Photo by the author)

Jingshan Park Forbidden City

4

11

the new capitalism, breeds new urban form;

Peculiar Environment

shopping malls, apartment blocks, numerous In the twentieth century ‘flat world’, tension

shiny skyscrapers and complex infrastructure.

between globalisation and regionalism still Within those new urban elements, the myth of

remain a polemic issue, especially in the

modern city, dictated by economic process of

developing Asian region which experiencing

capitalism, replace the traditional myth of

the rapid urbanisation--with tremendous

historical core. As Roland Barthes asserted in

influence from role model of modern cities in

his Mythologies, myth will only remain the

Europe and North America. ‘Roman Operating

letter as it becomes form and the meaning

System’ as elucidated in Mutations3, has

leaves its contingency behind,5 so is the

become a generic principle of the modern

condition of Beijing historical core. The

cities in the West. This condition remains

profound knowledge, idea and concept of

palpable in emerging metropolis globally,

imperial China period in establishing their city

which is recognised as generic city. Beijing--

and living environment remain an artefact now.

the ancient China’s capital--on the other hand,

It is seen as a series of letter which constitute

as theorised by Kevin Lynch in Good City

a bigger text in a new system of modern city.

Form, was built on the foundation of cosmic

With the endless modern theory and

theory. 4 This duality of generic city and cosmic

knowledge of architecture and city we could

historic foundation of modern Beijing now--

attempt to decode those text, but it will remain

under the rule of capitalism--composes its

a myth, as our interpretation from modern

urban condition as a place of peculiar

perspective operates in different realm from

environment.

the one of which the text is created. Just Its peculiarity exists in a dualism of two

imagine reading a Chinese character. As a

polarities. A resistance of tradition and

foreigner in China which do not read Chinese,

aggression of modernity. An entrapment of

I could still ‘read’ Chinese characters which is

historical foundation--the old Forbidden City--

ubiquitous in every corners of the city.

within the expansion of tabula rasa. The

However my capacity in reading Chinese is

interpolation of cosmic order with new rational

limited in recognising its formal pattern and

urban planning matrix. The philosophy of

stroke without further capability to absorb its

Confucius which become the underlying idea

meaning. In this context, the Chinese

of Beijing’s regular symmetrical architectural

character just function as a myth.

order and Taoism which counterbalanced it with organic natural form in garden was such a dynamic realm both as physical and spiritual.

Now the synergy of ‘Chi’ appears as disrupted by the ‘economic influx’ which is enforced by

3 Koolhas, Rem. Mutations: Harvard Project in the City, 2000, p10 4 Lynch, Kevin. Good City Form, 1981, p73 5 Barthes, Roland. Mythologies, 2009, p141

12

5

Myth defines our place and makes our city

Without our enough capacity to read its

interesting. In his entry for the Amiens

profound meaning, this myth becomes more

competition, Leon Krier placed church and

interesting as its interpretation is open to each

bell-tower in the centre of town, though people

of our approaches. One could read it as

didn’t go to church anymore, simple to fulfil

literally massive linear red wall, or enjoy its

mystical and symbolic function. 6 Similar to

ambiguous delicate ornamentation, or

church in medieval age of Europe, empire is

experience the tactility of its ancient structure,

another political organisation which define

and it still remain a myth. As I climb into the

territory, authority and

rights 7 and

peak of Wanchun Pavilion of Jingshan Park, I

capable of

would enjoy reading the peculiarity of its text.

establishing myth in modern city through its architectural artefact. Just like Krier’s Church and bell-tower, Forbidden City in a more powerful manner has established a myth to modern city of Beijing.

CCTV Headquarters by OMA. (Photo by the author)

6

Ellin, Nan. Postmodern Urbanism, 1999, p35

7 Sassen, Saskia. Territory, Authority, Rights: From Medieval to Global Assemblages, 2008, p31

6

13

Adjacent to Beijing Television Cultural Centre

Desire for Myth

which was on fire in 2009, CCTV and its Iconic building emerges from the modern city

surrounding remain silent despite the bustling

to establish an identity and ‘brand’ in the midst

traffic and highway of this new CBD keep

of global competitiveness. Old capital of China,

rumbling, obstructing its gigantic figure.

in its wake after economic reform, including

Moving along the street level at its pedestal,

those which embrace the power of myth, of

one can only notice its awkward leaning loop

urban transformation and modernisation,

tower protruding up in the sky and above your

through proliferation of iconic buildings. From

head without ever enjoying its full ‘framed

past decades, Beijing’s urban fabric has

hole’ image.

experienced tremendous changes. The city If the forbidden city and its traditional myth is

has become an epicentre of modern and hyper

represented from the frontal pictorial view of

architectural objects, a massive collection of

Tian An Men and can be enjoyed by large

works from Pritzker Prize winner, Starchitect,

public from Tian An Men square, then CCTV

famous names, foreign practices, and local

tower and its modern myth is to be perceived

young emerging architects.

in different way. Its complete ‘framed hole’ can To convince a nation, which once relied on

be comprehend only through vertical hierarchy,

cosmic order--a traditional principle which is

by observer who fly in the sky, or live hundreds

considered myth in modern culture--in

meter away in the top of SOHO apartment by

establishing its auspicious city, Charles Jencks

Riken Yamamoto, or snooped miles away from

insinuated Koolhaas’s CCTV tower as new

the top of Wanchun Pavilion--as what I did

symbol; Chinese moon

gate.8

Although that

before. This paradigm shift from horizontal

intriguing statement was later understood

point of view to vertical perspective obviously

simply as a tactic to inject this new structure

marked the transformation of imperial structure

into Chinese society, CCTV tower is perhaps a

to socialist society and finally to capitalist

Beijing new icon, but never a Chinese moon

nation. Myth which commonly is believed to

gate.

dwell only in ancient or traditional culture, is in fact abides in every age. And only history will

Flanked by the high-speed highway, long

trace its evident and manifestation.

linear ring-road, and massive high-rise, the perfect volume of the CCTV moon gate--a framed hole, or the heavy shape made in bronze and jade thousands of years ago in China as a symbol of exchange9 --can only be captured from high position in the sky.

14

8

Sudjic, Deyan. The Edifice Complex, How the Rich and Powerful Shape the World, 2005, p135

9

ibid.

7

recognised architects in every projects, they

Made of SOHO

brought rich architectural expression to the city In principle, sense of place in the historical city

and provide new bench mark of life-style.

like Beijing can be represented through

There are almost ten large developments

encounter to two different contrast territory.

completed in a decade. Among those iconic

The first territory, old historical core, marked by

development are the white box Jianwai SOHO

the world heritage site of Forbidden City and

by Riken Yamamoto, the vibrant colourful

its surrounding, which undoubtedly become

Sanlitun SOHO by Kengo Kuma, and the

the main tourist attraction into this city. The

currently under-construction futuristic Galaxy

second territory will be the new CBD, a new

SOHO by Zaha Hadid.

business centre which operate the business When modern urban centre of Beijing like

and financial activities of large influx of foreign

Chaoyang CBD is expanding in rapid

investments. Located at the east of old

transformation, our notion to the identity of

historical core, the new CBD at Chaoyang

place is obliviously distracted from permanent

district, in between the 3rd and 4th Ring Road,

mythical symbol of old city’s core to the new

has spurred the massive development of

dynamic modern architecture collection. The

business and financial core of modern Beijing.

equal tension between this two forces makes

It’s an international home for expatriates, a

the city an interesting playground: a place with

new territory of exchange to the world, which

broad spectrum of spatial diversity for its

perhaps justify Jencks attempt to identify

inhabitant to escape.

Koolhaas CCTV tower as ‘symbol of exchange’.

To mitigate the radical transition from its history, many modern architectural project in

If the forbidden city and its surrounding still

Beijing seeks cultural identity or conceptual

can be navigated pleasantly by foot, Chaoyang

narrative behind its physical manifestation.

CBD will be exhaustedly walked through. At

Red and Golden colour for instance, which is

this area, large and massive development--

palpable in old city’s core, is repeated in

directed by developers--are erected

Norman Foster’s Beijing Capital airport to

spontaneously responding to the economic

resemble a Chinese identity. Or the vibrant red

booming. Office towers, apartment blocks, and

interior of Herzog and de Meuron’s Bird Nest

shopping malls are ubiquitous, shaping every

Stadium, remind us of China’s energy.

street edges. With every ambition to establish city’s identity and to deliver the future dream,

Delicate ornamentation and detail of ancient

modern Beijing’s architectonic qualities is

Chinese architecture which represent the

pushed to the best the country’s construction

finest artistic achievement in the past is also

engineer can achieve.

somehow appear in the urban condition. Each of the massive buildings in Chaoyang for

As the largest real-estate developer in Beijing,

instance, present its modern identity with

SOHO China, is probably one of those who

unique colour, texture & detail, and often in its

responsible in shaping the image of modern

super large scale make the environment

Beijing. By employing different internationally

perceived more chaotic and nauseous. This

8

15

perception is experienced, for example, when

different architectural skin / surface which

walking through several super blocks of SOHO

predominantly dictate the urban image will

development. From white surface of

either raise a spontaneous excitement or

Guanghualu SOHO with decorated circular

delusion. And with plenty super large block

windows, to black dynamic fragmented lines of

which is decorated with ‘unique’ surface and

Shangdu SOHO, to its neighbour of brownish

form, Beijing will obviously emerge as a new

granite cladded surface of Chaowai SOHO,

playground for designer and inhabitant who

one will experience different sensation of

desire for delirium.

place. The radical and frequent transition in short period of time gained by exposure to

Sanlitun SOHO by Kengo Kuma. Its vibrant colour brings attraction to urban environment. (Photo by the author) Chaowai SOHO with articulated building surface, opposite the Shangdu SOHO.(Photo by the author)

16

9

in the midst of consumptive society which

Made of Nature

hunger for massive energy. Sustainability and It’s been obvious that during the past decades

green become the winner of modern myth

nature has become the subordinate to man

when the whole world painstakingly exerts its

which is reflected in modern cities. The

agenda and wish to champion the battle

rhetorical reciprocity of nature and man in

against the deteriorated world which is

design and planning process has been

exhausted of being exploited by its master.

repeatedly discussed though there is not many Just like a pendulum swing10 , the arising

implication in real practice. The legendary

sustainable agenda of the contemporary city

‘Design with Nature’ by Ian McHarg which is

and urbanism, has in fact oscillated from

articulated again by Charles Waldheim in his

vernacular or traditional culture within many

theory of Landscape Urbanism, remain us to

Asian region, which has been often neglected.

return to nature process as starting point in

The propagation of capitalism and democratic-

designing our urban environment instead of

ism which vastly spread across this region

being dictated by merely economic process.

during the postwar and post-colonialism has

The current emerging sustainable issue and

been easily injected into most Asian countries

green word are again rooted in nature: our

which were in junction of liberation, freedom

dependance of natural resources and our

and revolution. This ideological transformation,

responsibility in maintaining its well being.

and led by modernization and globalization,

However, the propagation of this issue is being

has radically changed the way people live, the

distorted by sustainable and green notion

social structure, and belief which is self-

which simply referring to element of nature and

evident in the form of its architecture and city.

‘green’ as plant or literally green. This

At the tipping point of globalization, where the

condition leads sustainable and green design

ethical and mythical nucleus 11 of traditional

as a fashion where images of buildings

culture are eradicated from landscape of

wrapped by green blanket, or futuristic urban

modern city, Critical Regionalism12 emerges

settlement within dense green forest, often

as a reflection of cultural identity.

become the imaginary vision of designer. Or it often abused by developer to promote their

As the key principle which underlying the

high rating ‘green mark’ development which is

vernacular architecture of traditional Asian

operated by smart building technology that

cities, nature plays important role in

reduced great amount of energy consumption

determining the building process, operation

10 Arnold Toynbee is a pioneer in introducing the pendular swing theory of history (A study of History, 1947). It is often used to conceptualize the succession of ideas as a pendular swing, a cycle, or a spiral whereby a particular spirit of the time is replaced--either gradually or abruptly--by another one. (Ellin, Nan. Postmodern Urbanism, 1999, p297) 11 In defending the regionalism, Paul Ricoeur referred the ethical and mythical nucleus as the creative nucleus of great civilization and culture which is prone to the subtle destruction by ‘universalization’. (Frampton, Kenneth. Modern Architecture, A Critical History, 2007, p314) 12 Critical Regionalism is an approach to architecture that strives to counter placelessness and lack of identity in Modern Architecture by using the building's geographical context. The term Critical Regionalism was first used by the architectural theorists Alexander Tzonis and Liane Lefaivre and, with a slightly different meaning, by the historian-theorist Kenneth Frampton. (wikipedia)

10

17

and even the social construct. Within this

comfort. This minimum control over the nature

mechanism, sustainability is obviously

and its element implicate the mythical

embedded into its holistic process. Therefore,

conception of place in traditional environment

sustainability which apparently swing from the

as its natural condition is changeable. In this

phenomenon of climatic change and energy

context, human being is only a performer. The

crisis in 21st century, after decades of nature

rain, hot, wind and constellation of sky, colour

exploitation following the industrial revolution,

of the day, and entire cycle of his environment

is in fact a precious wisdom of traditional

defining the place of his existence. Within this

culture which is diminished under the

complex entity he celebrates and perform his

spectacle of capitalism.

routine and ritual. A simple concept of this mechanism can be comprehend through

Quite similar to ancient China, mythical

performance of Balinese dance; Tari Kecak.

traditional environment in Indonesia was based on nature. The settlement and city is

Set in stage of nature: often during sun set

organised by cosmic order, local belief or

with its magnificent scenery, the dance is

religion, and traditional values. Place is

performed by group of people in circular

experienced beyond the man-made physical

formation which depict the ancient Hindu

boundary or object. The sensation of being in

Ramayana epoch. As the sun lower its position

a particular place is also associated with

and the day getting darker, the roaring voices

smells or aroma, sounds, and the change of

of the performer with minimum instrumental

natural phenomena. Other intangible aspect

tool will occupy the atmosphere. At the peak of

such as ritual, myth, and local belief also

the show, a dancer in his unconscious spirit is

contributed to one’s perception of place. The

believed to communicate with god and jumped

aroma of burning offering in Balinese village

into the bursting fire which enlighten the

will obviously remind one who approach a

darkness of nature. The interplay of natural

certain territory before he/she can visually

setting and the act is deliberately considered in

define the place. Despite its controversial, the

this performance. It is a reflection of mythical

adhan, Islamic call for prayer, creates such a

harmony which is extinct in our rational

mythical ambience when it resounds with the

modern city.

resting sunset in colorful horizon, positioning oneself in a place between physical and spiritual realm.

In traditional environment, nature is not just a source to sustain the life but also as a place to perform. If In the modern city where our existence and performance are so much encapsulated by objects; building and infrastructure, traditional environment allows optimum interaction with nature while providing minimum enclosure to maintain human

18

11

Gauzin-Mler, Dominique. Sustainable Architecture and Urbanism: concepts, technologies, examples. Basel, Birkhauser, 2002.

Jacobs, Jane. The Death and Life of Great American Cities. Modern Library, 2011.

The Indonesian Balinese traditional dance (Tari Kecak) performed at the stage of nature, Bali. (Photo by the author)

Keswick, Maggie. The Chinese Garden, St. Martin’s Press, 1978.

Koolhas, Rem. Mutations: Harvard Project in the City. Barcelona, Actar 2000.

Bibliography:

Lefaivre, Liane and Alexander Tzonis.

Architecture of Regionalism in the Age of Globalization; Peaks and Valleys in the Flat World. Routledge, 2012.

Barthes, Roland. Mythologies. London, Vintage Books, 2009.

Certeau, Michel de. The Practice of Everyday Life. University of California Press, 1988.

Lynch, Kevin. Good City Form. Cambridge, Mass, MIT Press 1981.

Ellin, Nan. Postmodern Urbanism. Princeton Architectural Press, 1999.

Lynch, Kevin. The Image of The City.

Cambridge, Mass, MIT Press 1960.

Frampton, Kenneth. Modern Architecture, A Critical History. Thames and Hudson, 2007.

Sudjic, Deyan. The Edifice Complex, How the Rich and Powerful Shape the World. New York, The Penguin Press, 2005.

Gauzin-Mler, Dominique. Sustainable Architecture and Urbanism: concepts, technologies, examples. Basel, Birkhauser, 2002.

Sassen, Saskia. Territory, Authority, Rights: From Medieval to Global Assemblages. New York, Princeton University Press, 2008.

Jacobs, Jane. The Death and Life of Great American Cities. Modern Library, 2011.

Waldheim, Charles. The Landscape Urbanism Reader. Princeton Architectural Press, New York, 2006.

Keswick, Maggie. The Chinese Garden, St. Martin’s Press, 1978.

Wu Liangyong, Rehabilitating The Old City of Beijing; A project in the Ju’er Hutong Neighbourhood, Vancouver, UBC Press, 1999.

Koolhas, Rem. Mutations: Harvard Project in the City. Barcelona, Actar 2000.

Lefaivre, Liane and Alexander Tzonis.

Architecture of Regionalism in the Age of Globalization; Peaks and Valleys in the Flat World. Routledge, 2012.

Lynch, Kevin. Good City Form. Cambridge, Mass, MIT Press 1981.

13

Lynch, Kevin. The Image of The City.

Cambridge, Mass, MIT Press 1960.

Sudjic, Deyan. The Edifice Complex, How the Rich and Powerful Shape the World. New York, The Penguin Press, 2005.

Sassen, Saskia. Territory, Authority, Rights: From Medieval to Global Assemblages. New York, Princeton University Press, 2008.

Waldheim, Charles. The Landscape Urbanism Reader. Princeton Architectural Press, New York, 2006.

Wu Liangyong, Rehabilitating The Old City of Beijing; A project in the Ju’er Hutong Neighbourhood, Vancouver, UBC Press, 1999.

12

19

landscape architecture

professional

AIDS MEMORIAL PARK NEW YORK CITY

INTERNATIONAL COMPETITION, JANUARY 2012 PERSONAL WORK

20

irwan soetikno

WORKS

This international competition is organized by The New York City AIDS Memorial Park Campaign, a coalition of individuals and organizations dedicated to the recognition and preservation of the ongoing history of the AIDS crisis. In the 30th year of the epidemic, the campaign seek to honor the more than 100,000 New York City men, women and children who have died from AIDS, and to commemorate and celebrate the efforts of the caregivers and activists who responded heroically to the crisis. The campaign also represent artists, health care providers, historians, family, friends and neighbors committed to remembering the history of the crisis.

21

landscape architecture

professional

POETIC MEMORY OF THE FUTURE Embraced by three unique edges

with its poetic history and memory, the AIDS MEMORIAL PARK celebrates the duality of Life and Death, Joy and Sorrow, Memory and Fantasy. As one scroll along the park, the continuous red ribbon wall represents the duality of human nature who stumble in a little corner and overcome in a hopeful ripple of water. The open joyful flowers and shrubs patches contrasted with dense forest at the other half of park.

AIDS MEMORIAL PLAN

W 12TH STREET

GR

EE

NW

IC

H

AV

EN

UE

7TH AVENUE

Embedded into the floor, in between rustic cobble stones, are wooden stripe panel which could be use as ‘text’. The fragility of the wooden surface which incapable of retaining the ‘text’ permanently is similar to our flesh which fade away and left our ‘text’ to this world. At the corner of the busy traffic, the water spout burst high four meter to the sky, spread the rainbow, and falling down to the pool into teardrops. As it whispers a melodious song, I will step down my feet along its edge into another world below...

RED RIBBON WALL

top up soil, with linear stripe for underground skylight seasonal flowers and shrubs the “text”; embedded wooden panel in the cobble stone floor

COMPONENT

A

B

spiral entrance to the basement

GROUND LEVEL

SE

existing structure at the basement

UNDERGROUND LEVEL

SE

A

22

irwan soetikno

WORKS

Section A

Section B

23

architecture

professional

EUCALYPTUS HOUSE

BANGALORE, INDIA

CONCEPTUAL DESIGN, 2007 PROFESSIONAL WORK: ARCHITECTURAL DESIGNER, ANDY FISHER WORKSHOP, SINGAPORE

24

irwan soetikno

WORKS unique environment

The house is located on the unique contryside environment in the middle of the eucalyptus forest with reddish soil, open view towards the natural lake, and fresh air in local cool temperature.

location and approaches

A number of factors have been considered when finalising the position of the location of the building on the site. The house is positioned at the highest point of the plot maximising the views over the countryside and future lake to the north. Locating the house remote from the riding school increases the importance of the journey to the building across the site.

function and brief

The Client has identified 3 main uses for the house; Family, Business and Hobby.

The house needs to be a place where he can relax with his family while it will also serve as a place to accomodate his business meeting and activities.

The client has also required special preference to design his house and its surroundings as base to enjoy his passion for horse riding with friends and family.

25

architecture

26

professional

irwan soetikno

WORKS

27

architecture

professional

HMDA HEADQUARTER (HYDERABAD METROPOLITAN DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITY), INDIA COMPETITION CONCEPTUAL DESIGN, 2010 PROFESSIONAL WORK: ARCHITECTURAL DESIGNER, SPARCH, SINGAPORE

28

irwan soetikno

WORKS

project data: SPARCH 2009, owned by Aliens Group, principal/design architect Stephen Pimbley GFA 50,000sqm, program Government Office, Banking and Business center, Health club and facility, research and development center status submission for competition

29

architecture

brief of programes by client

30

professional

proposed programes

irwan soetikno

WORKS

31

architecture

professional

SPACE STATION ONE HYDERABAD. INDIA

BUILT PROJECT, 2007-2010 PROFESSIONAL WORK: ARCHITECTURAL DESIGNER, SPARCH, SINGAPORE

32

irwan soetikno

WORKS

2009 best residential development - future, awarded by Cityscape Asia project data: SPARCH 2007-currently, owned by Aliens Group, principal/design architect Stephen Pimbley, project architect Paul Merry site area 64.2 acres, GFA 754,000sqm, program 2000 units residential units, clubhouse, commercial podium and service apartment tower status built.

33

1 4

2

3

1. Aerial View 2. Clubhouse and the pool deck 3. Clubhouse, sport hall 4. Masterplan 5. Site photo at early construction

(All 3D visualization are done by 3D Artist)

5

architecture

36

professional

irwan soetikno

WORKS

The design and planning of this 2000 residential units adhere to local ‘vastu’ planning guidelines where each units should have its own ‘physical boundary’ and not allowed to share wall with its neighbour. Entrance to the unit should be from south direction, and the organisation of rooms within the units are to follow the specific guidelines.

SPACE STATION - 1 development first floor plan

37

landscape architecture

professional

X2-IT CENTER

CREATIVE INDUSTRY, SHANGHAI

LANDSCAPE CONCEPTUAL DESIGN: BUILT 2005 PROFESSIONAL WORK: HMA ARCHITECTS & DESIGNERS, SHANGHAI

38

irwan soetikno

WORKS

39

architecture

academic

EXPLORING TERRAIN VAGUE TSINGHUA STUDENT CENTER, BEIJING

STUDIO SPACE DESIGN & ARCHITECTURE, TSINGHUA UNIVERSITY, AUTUMN 2010 PERSONAL ACADEMIC WORK

Cities have always been for gathering, an essential function that telegraphs through all aspects of urban space, through its social, material and spiritual development.

The leftover spaces of our cities suffer many slights. While they are a part of our cities they cannot, on their own, be defined according to set functional categories such as “entertainment” , “retail”, and “administrative” or urban categories such as “public”, “semi-public”, “street” or “plaza”. But leftover (often ‘negative’ spaces can be found within any urban or use category or take on any of these identities.

The project is to find a leftover urban space (‘death point’) and to activate it using design. This space can be either be an open infill site, calling for a new building on what is now a ‘negative space’, or an existing low quality building calling for repair or renovation. Students are to select their own site taking into consideration the functional, aesthetic, cultural and social requirements of urban space. Site should be located within the Tsinghua University campus, which act as model of urban territory.

The intent of this studio is to explore new avenues of research and design in urban space and the social landscape. Such thoughtful investigations are critical at this time of increasing frustration with current modes of urban development.

40

irwan soetikno

WORKS

41

architecture

42

academic

irwan soetikno

WORKS

43

architecture

academic

site section

basement

44

ground floor

first floor

irwan soetikno

second floor

WORKS

third floor

roof top

45

architecture

46

academic

irwan soetikno

WORKS

47

architecture

48

academic

irwan soetikno

WORKS

49

urban design & planning

academic

RESILIENT CITY:

LIBERATING THE MARCO POLO ISLAND, BEIJING URBAN PLANNING & DESIGN STUDIO, TSINGHUA UNIVERSITY, FALL 2010 PERSONAL ACADEMIC WORK

50

irwan soetikno

WORKS

51

urban design & planning

52

academic

irwan soetikno

WORKS

53

urban design & planning

54

academic

irwan soetikno

WORKS

55

urban design & planning

56

academic

irwan soetikno

WORKS

57

urban design & planning

academic

ERTONG HOUSING CREATIVE INDUSTRY DEVELOPMENT, BEIJING

GREEN BUILDING DESIGN STUDIO, TSINGHUA UNIVERSITY, SPRING 2011 PERSONAL ACADEMIC WORK

Shou Gang Er Tong Mechanical factory located in the east pasrt of Shijingshan in Beijing, border upon Fengtai district. It is about 15 km to the city center and 3 km to the main site of Shou Gang group. The factory located in the first green belt of Beijing, with the total planning area of 249 ha, and factory total area of 84 ha.

Shou Gang Er Tong Mechanical Factory was formerly the Beijing Second Mechanical Factory, which was founded in 1958 and went bankrupt in 1992.

In 2002 the company was restructured and and moved to the new factory, left the old factory abandoned for almost 10 years.

Faculty: Thomas Herzog (TUM), Zhang Yue, Zou Tao, George Konihiro, Odilo Schoch, Zhang Linyun

The abandoned factory remain a problematic issue and calls for new creative proposal which could address the new creative use, redevelopment and sustainability. The site now are surrounded by complex layer of urban fabric, comprises of migrant village, residential area, commercial center, large infrastructure, park, and ruins.

The studio is divided into two part; urban planning and design, and architectural intervention (housing design). The studio conducted with design workshop, seminar on green building design and sustainability, site visit, and lectures on housing and green building design.

Factory regeneration by Thomas Herzog (photo by author)

58

irwan soetikno

site mapping

WORKS

59

urban design & planning

60

academic

irwan soetikno

WORKS

61

urban design & planning

62

academic

irwan soetikno

WORKS

63

urban design & planning

64

academic

irwan soetikno

WORKS

65

urban design & planning

66

academic

irwan soetikno

WORKS

67

urban design & planning

68

academic

irwan soetikno

WORKS

69

70

MNEMONIC PRACTICE

02

Mnemonic Practice: Hybrid Urban Village as Reconstruction of Memory of Places (M.Arch Thesis; Published on Proceeding Conference and presented at International Urban Design Conference: FUTURE CITIES IN ASIA, Seoul, November 2012; Upcoming Publication by Beijing Planning Review 2013) irwan soetikno / ishenstudio@yahoo.com

Does Architecture still matter?

Are traditional and vernacular values still important to be explored and can they be embodied into the modern architecture--driven by scientific and technological development--which has occupied modern Asian metropolis following post-colonialism, capitalism and globalization?

In this thesis, to re-thinking the meaning and values of traditional and vernacular, I propose phenomenology as point of departure, and mnemonic practice as design methodology. By analyzing the phenomenon of the modern and traditional environment, which I encountered in different polarity of Indonesian mythical traditional environment (Hindu Temple in Java and Bali) and Chinese historical and modern environment (Chinese Garden & Shanghai metropolis), I develop a theoretical proposition which is central to the dichotomy of formal dimension and transcendental dimension (refer to Husserl, who divided two dimensions from which every system derives its meaning). I believe, in order to restore our modern city and community within the corridor of critical regionalism, we

2

71

MNEMONIC PRACTICE

have to look back again, and learn from the traditional built environment which is capable to integrate both dimensions. In this condition, place is experienced beyond merely physical perception, and ʻidentityʼ and ʻsense of placeʼ is resonated and registered deep into our memory through different means and meanings.

To test out this theoretical proposition, I propose design thesis of Hybrid Urban Village. Itʼs a design intervention on urban village at the Suzhou Creek, Shanghai following the postindustrialization, by adopting the hybrid building typology.

Hybrid Urban Village is a new community which offers diversity to generic modern Shanghai urban environment. It is envisioned as a catalyst for Suzhou Creek urban redevelopment. And finally, itʼs a reconstruction of my personal memory of places: a locus of tradition and modernity.

72

3

MNEMONIC PRACTICE

The objective of this research is to develop a

PART 1:

new perspective for Asian Urbanism, beyond

THEORETICAL PROPOSITION

the exhaustive rigid modern design theory and planning--which focus on speculative quantitative analysis & projection, sustainability and other complexity--while are unable to restore social dimension and cultural

1.1 INTRODUCTION

identity. The research attempts to ‘fill in the gap’ within the large scale urban fabric, by

Regionalism and globalization remains as a

focusing on micro scale urbanism and aiming

polemic issue in the twenty-first century,

to address the issue of identity and sense of

especially in the developing Asian region with

place.

its rapid urbanization with tremendous influence from role model of modern cities in the Europe and North America. ‘Roman operating system’ as elucidated in Mutations 1,

1.1.1 Urbanization & Globalization

has become a generic principle of the modern

There are at least two theories which justify

cities in the West and continue to spread its

the global phenomenon of the world

influence as a model in global modern

metropolis. First, dealing with the urbanization,

metropolis. Ancient Asian cities such as

viewed as an internal factor within a city.

Beijing, Kyoto and Mandurai, on the other

During the course of urbanization, the

hand, as theorized by Kevin Lynch in Good

metropolis evolved out of a collection of

City Form2 was built on the foundation of

individualized programmatic structures

cosmic theory.

strewn across the landscape.3 Second, as the

After decades of development and

external pressure, every cities need to develop

modernization following the post-colonialism,

a strategy to keep up with change, globally

many Asian Cities attempt to repositioning

and locally, and to maintain the advantages

themselves amid the tension between

and competitiveness that they need for

globalization and regionalism. The tension

survival. In China, since the economic

often occurs as a result of rapid transformation

reformation after the Deng Xiaobing era,

and social-political transition, as the cities

government has taken a strategy of building

strive to maintain its cultural values and

Urban Mega Projects (UMPs).4 As an obvious

regional identity, while at the same time need

result of this strategy, there are massive UMPs

to absorb the modernity as the promise for its

which emerge as a collection of individualized

prosperity and success in globalized world.

programatic structures within the metropolis urban fabric, such as Shanghai and Beijing.

1 Koolhas, Rem. Mutations: Harvard Project in the City, Barcelona, Actar 2000.

2 Lynch, Kevin. Good City Form, Cambridge, Mass, MIT Press 1984.

3 Nijenhuis, W. ‘City Frontiers and Their Disappearance’, Architectural Design, v.64, n.3/4, 1994, p15-16 4 Chen, Yawei. Shanghai Pudong, Urban Development In An Era of Global-local Interaction. TU Delft, 2007

4

73

MNEMONIC PRACTICE

The collection of individual UMPs has caused

Collective Memory, which attempted to

a segregation and discontinuation within the

maintain and reconstruct the identity of place /

city’s urban fabric which created a problematic

city.

issue. Linked Hybrid in Beijing by Steven Holl

During the globalization, these two precedents

is an attempt to resolve this issue by creating a

from European and American cities are widely

porous urban fabric. Linked Hybrid is

adopted by Asian Cities which are undergoing

comprised of eight hybrid buildings with multi

unprecedented development. One extreme

function / programatic requirement, which are

case is Singapore which is experiencing the

linked by series of bridges, making this

major transformation and development based

development an independent city within a city.

on tabula rasa--described by Koolhaas as

However, this operation works in the large

thirty years of tabula rasa; a representation of

scale, and connected bridges act as a new

unique ecology of the contemporary.5

infrastructure which do not resolve the scale for human habitation.

Shanghai Pudong as the center of the new metropolis was also established on tabula rasa

Therefore, one of key issues that we should

and gained its new identity from generic

pay attention here is how to mitigate the gap of

collective iconic towers which marks its

large scale urban fabric with the human scale

economic establishment and prosperity.

habitation? I believe at this period after the

Following the tabula rasa, collective memory

decades of urbanization and globalization, we

emerges a ‘new trend’ signified by many

need to ‘fill in the gap’ in-between the large

conservation projects in major China

scale individualized development by

metropolis, including Shanghai, which is based

rebuilding, reconnecting and redirecting micro

on European model. One of the most notable

scale urban development which is important to

project, Xintiandi redevelopment, was a pilot

restore the human life, social structure and

project in Shanghai which gained a success

cultural identity.

and set a precedent for other similar conservation projects across China. If Gehry’s Bilbao is capable to become catalyst for Bilbao

1.1.2 After Tabula Rasa & Collective

economic development, and often recognized

Memory, What Next?

The Modernism design strategy and operation

inclined to promote similar Xintiandi Effect for

of Tabula Rasa in the last past decades in

conservation projects in China which is

European and American cities have been

directed for commercialization. This tendency

proved guilty as this strategy eradicated the

of conservation and preservation which is

identity and history of place. Later during

directed for commercial purpose and profit

postmodernism era in the European context,

should be further questioned and examined,

Aldo Rossi with his Neo-rationalism defended

as it does not fundamentally restore the

the importance of history and memory of

collective memory and historical identity of city.

place, and proposed a new strategy of

Furthermore, most of these projects only serve

5 Koolhaas, Rem. S,M,L,XL, 1998,

74

as Bilbao Effect, then Xintiandi in Shanghai is

p1011.

5

MNEMONIC PRACTICE

1.1.3 Iconic, Identity, & Sense of Place

certain group of people and are accessible for certain class of society with power and

The proliferation of iconic buildings as a

particular interest.

strategy to establish an identity / brand

In terms of the spatial organization, most of the

following the globalization is a common

conservation projects which are directed by

phenomena in Asian metropolis. Responding

commercialization purpose did not restore the

to regional and cultural identity, these iconic

spatial identity and meaning. The memory and

buildings are often decorated with local form /

historical identity are simply represented by old

ornament / attribute which attempt to signify

material, symbol, ornament, or old skin of the

the genius loci of particular place / city.

building without necessarily restore the spatial

Symbolism, analogy, and narrative of

organization and meaning of the old

traditional, historical and cultural values are

architecture. This condition is noticeable, for

also often embedded into the modern iconic

example, in the case of commercial hutong of

building, often simply as a strategy; to justify

Beijing Nan Luoguxiang. In this old linear

its existence and position in the city with

hutong, shops are built along the corridor,

unique historical and cultural background, and

decorated and installed with shiny facade,

to rationalize the meaning of its form and

enclosing the old un-restored courtyard house

physical gesture.

at the back. On the other case, in Shanghai

Therefore, how could we restore the meaning

Xintiandi, the spatial organization within the old

and identity place / city, beyond the spectacle

historical housing is articulated and used for

of iconic building which have been employed

new commercial functions & activities.

in modern Asian cities for many decades? This

Looking at this new direction of Asian Cities

thesis attempts to explore and challenge this

which adopted the tabula rsa and collective

issue, by looking at the other polarity of society

memory for these past decades, with various

within the Shanghai metropolis; Urban Village

direction and interpretation, this thesis will

at the post-industrialized Suzhou Creek.

attempt to challenge both approaches. After tabula rasa and collective memory, what are the next approach should we envision for Asian Cities in its unique regional and The Wisma Dharmala by Paul Rudolf (Left), with the unique form inspired by pitch roof form of

historical context?

regional urban character of Jakarta (Right).

6

75

MNEMONIC PRACTICE

process is influenced by mnemonic practice of

1.2 DESIGN METHODOLOGY:

personal or collective memory. Though

MNEMONIC PRACTICE

research of this area is usually conducted outside architecture discipline, and still speculative, however it offers a new corridor

Mnemonic is any learning technique that aids

for design thinking and methodology which is

memory. To improve long term memory,

significant for architectural theory and practice.

mnemonic systems are used to make memorization easier. Mnemonics rely on

Frank Gehry’s famous Bilbao museum is a

associations between easy-to-remember

sample of architectural expression which was

constructs which can be related back to the

influenced by Gehry’s personal memory and

data that is to be remembered. This is based

obsession to fish form, fluid, and sail’s

on the observation that the human mind much

surface.7 The fluid, iconic and sculptural form

more easily remembers spatial, personal,

is not necessarily derived from a rational

surprising, physical, sexual, humorous, or

design thinking / problem solving, but it’s

otherwise meaningful information, as

rather an evolution of Gehry exploration to fish

compared to retrieving arbitrary sequences.6

form and his personal memory of phenomenon of fluid, seas, sails and wind effects.

In this research context, I propose Mnemonic Practice as a design methodology to

Peter Eisenmann’s Memorial to the Murdered

investigate the phenomenology of vernacular

Jews of Europe in Berlin, is a monument which

and traditional environment, and to reconstruct

was designed as an attempt to reconstruct the

those memories into modern environment of

collective memory of the past tragedy. The

Hybrid Urban Village. Therefore, Mnemonic

array of massive concrete block with the

practice in this research is a thesis for design

sequences of paths and spatial narrative is a

methodology, which I believe is an important

form of mnemonic practice which represents

device to capture the phenomenon of physical

an important event in the past and registered

and transcendental dimension.

in the collective memory of the people.8

On the architectural practice, we could find example of several buildings of which design

6 Wikipedia 7 See Gehry Talks, Rizzoli, 1999, where Gehry himself explained his design process and thinking.

8 Nielsen, Kasper Lægring. Exploring the Mnemonic Dimension of Architecture through Recent Holocaust Memorials in Europe, 2007.

76

7

MNEMONIC PRACTICE

In the urban context, I propose Shanghai as

1.3 THEORETICAL

the study case to examine the meaning of

PROPOSITION :

‘sense of place’ and identity in the middle of its

ABSTRACT REALITY

rapid transformation and social transition.

Ruin, as the physical evidence of its

In investigating the vernacular and traditional

development and transformation, in my view is

environment versus the modern urban

a significant phenomenon which signify its

environment, I propose a theoretical

‘image of the city’. Among those ruins, urban

proposition of ‘abstract reality’ which captures

village appears as an interesting phenomena

the phenomenon of built environment including

which reveals the human resistance against

its intangible ‘abstract’ aspect which I believe

the deterioration and destruction of building

essential in constructing the unique sense of

physical elements due to aging process. And

place within many traditional environment.

to further understand this issue, I took a

The collection of ‘reading’ and investigation of

comparative study of dwelling of village in rural

this phenomenon are focusing on comparative

Shanghai and traditional Balinese village.

study of urban environment and traditional environment, of city and village, of global and regional: of Indonesia and China context.

Indonesian Hindu temple in Java and Bali are among the objects of study which represent ancient, traditional and vernacular aspect.

While Chinese Garden, is a parallel case study of Chinese culture which is significant to represent phenomenology in architecture.

8

77

MNEMONIC PRACTICE

Ruin of Gedong Songo Temple, Central Java, Indonesia. (Left, Photo by author)

The Spatial organization of Balinese temple.

The element of water & sound, aroma & smell, visual of ornaments and nature, tactility of material and natural phenomenon altogether compose the perception of place (Above, photo by author).

The layers & illusion of space/ the formal dimension (Below, photo by author).

78

9

MNEMONIC PRACTICE

Comparative study of perception and characteristic of Urban and Village .

10

79

MNEMONIC PRACTICE

banks, a multitude of warehouses and

PART 2 : DESIGN

factories were built at this time, making the

INTERVENTION

region close to the river a significant industrial area. Later after Shanghai rapid urbanization and transformation, the industries were withdrew from urban center, left the

2.1 INTRODUCTION

warehouses and factories abandoned and creates several issues related to sustainability

2.1.1 Suzhou Creek

and conservation. The heavily polluted water

A 125km long river, originated from Lake Tai,

of Suzhou river, affected by industry and

cutting through the center of Shanghai

domestic waste water, has also become a

metropolis and flowing into the Huang Pu

major concern.

River at the northern end of prominent urban

Since 1992, Shanghai Municipal Government

promenade, The Bund, in Huang Pu district.

has been pursuing a redevelopment of the

The poetic memory, hope, and fantasy of

area. In 1998, authorities launched the Suzhou

Suzhou Creek as depicted in movie Suzhou

Creek Rehabilitation Project, a 12-year-

River 9, has become essential aspect of

program to improve the water quality, mitigate

Shanghai imageability10 and history. In the

flood impact, introduce wastewater and water

past, this 50m wide river has become a

resource management and push for urban

boundary separating different political

revitalization and a higher living standard in

influences throughout Shanghai’s history.

the desolated areas along Suzhou River. In the

In 1842 when Shanghai became international

meantime, Suzhou River is considered clean

trade port, the river formed the boundary

enough to host annual rowing competitions.

between the British concession (Southern bank) and the American settlement (Northern bank) until both concessions were merged into the International Settlement in 1863. In 1937, during the Japanese occupation, the river formed the boundary between the International Settlement (South) and the Japanese concession (North).

As a major consequence of Shanghai development as international trading port, Suzhou Creek emerged as an important shipping route, facilitating the transport of goods into the interior of China. Along the river 9 Suzhou River ( , 2000) is a tragic love story movie set in contemporary Shanghai, directed by Lou Ye. 10 First coined by Kevin Lynch, the term refer to quality in a physical object which gives it a high probability of evoking a strong image in any given observer (The Image of The City, P9).

80

11

MNEMONIC PRACTICE

Residential: old low rise typology, urban village

Residential: old low rise, row housing typology

Residential: private anting golf villas

Park: privatized marine park

Residential: private high rise apartment

Residential: private high rise apartment blocks

12

81

MNEMONIC PRACTICE

82

Park and privatized residential; high rise

Privatized residential; medium to high rise

Agriculture

Industry

Promenade: confluence of two rivers

Form and pattern; density and tabula rasa

13

MNEMONIC PRACTICE

problems. However, they are also among the

2.1.2 Urban Village

liveliest areas in some cities and are notable

Urban Village is an urban planning and urban

for affording economic opportunity to

design concept which refers to urban form,

newcomers to the city. 12

typically characterized by medium density development with mixed use zoning, provision

In Shanghai, the existence of urban village is

of good public transit, pedestrian and public

mainly related to social and economic issue

space. The ideas of the urban commentator

which can be traced back from the emergence

Jane Jacobs are widely regarded as having

of Modern Urban Housing process since

had the largest influence on the urban village

1840-1910. 13 In general there are three main

concept. Jacobs rejected the modernist views

groups of residents which determine the

that dominated urban planning and

polarization of urban housing and living

architecture in the 1950s-60s and constructed

condition. Based on occupation and income

an alternative philosophy that values traditional

level, they are divided into Upper Level, Middle

neighborhoods and the role of the inner city.

Level and Lower Level.14 This lower level of

Proponents believe that urban villages provide

group which will later form the cluster of urban

a viable alternative to the social ills that

village following the rapid urbanization and

characterize modernism in cities, such as

development. Since 1894 there were flow of

freeways and high-rise

estates.11

workers from mainly rural area to fill in the demand of occupation of the docks and

In this research we look at the urban village in

Chinese & foreign enterprises related to

China context which is different from the

industry, transportation and other public

previous meaning as influenced by Jacobs.

undertaking. Together within this flow were

Urban villages (Chinese: ;

people worked as carpenters, tailors,

literally:"village in city") are a unique

launderers, shop assistant, women servants

phenomenon that formed part of China’s

and clerks. All this group of people constituted

urbanization efforts. The villages appear on

a bulky working class at the lower level of

both the outskirts and the downtown segments

society. With the limited income which could

of major cities, including Beijing, Shenzhen

barely covered the basic living expenses, they

and Guangzhou. They are surrounded by

live in the extremely crude and simple living

skyscrapers, transportation infrastructures,

environment. They often occupied the low

and other modern urban constructions. Urban

standard worker houses built in the area with

villages are commonly inhabited by the poor

factory concentration or even form a slum

and transient, and as such they are associated with squalor, overcrowding and social

11 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urban_village 12 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urban_village_(China) 13 See Chapter One: The Emergence of Modern Urban Housing (1840-1910); Lu Junhua, Modern Urban Housing in China, 1840-2000.

14 Ibid.

14

83

MNEMONIC PRACTICE

which first appeared in late nineteenth century

translated into “workers new villages,” which

at Shanghai docks. 15

refer to the main housing settlements in urbanized Shanghai for mostly factory workers

From sociology point of view, a research

and their families from the 1950s through the

conducted by Prof. Xiaming Chen from

early 1980s. From the early 1990s, these

University of Illinois-Chicago,16 categorized

residential villages became a main destination

Shanghai neighborhood into 6 types;

for many lower-income people in the old urban

agricultural village, town center, urban

neighborhoods (type 4) displaced by rapid

residential village, old urban settlement, new

urban redevelopment in Shanghai.17

commercial housing complexes, and luxury flats & villas. Both agricultural village and town

Urban Village in this research mainly refers to

center are located at the boundary of

‘urban residential village’ and ‘old urban

Shanghai municipality. At the urban centre,

settlement’ which remain along the post-

urban residential village are the lowest

industrial area along the Suzhou Creek. These

hierarchy of living environment. The urban

Urban Villages are surviving in various

residential village in this categorization refers

condition; decayed, destroyed, desolated and

to original Chinese term gongren xincun,

entrapped among the new residential apartments and commercial towers.

15 Ibid.

16 “Untangling a global-local nexus:Sorting out residential sorting in Shanghai”, 2007.

17 Ibid.

84

15

MNEMONIC PRACTICE

Monolith Hybrids-programmatic elements

2.2 HYBRID URBAN VILLAGE AS

being subsumed into a continuous envelope.18

A CATALYST FOR URBAN

As a common phenomenon in American cities,

REDEVELOPMENT

Hybrid Buildings were breed to accommodate the complexity of the programmatic

2.2.1 Proposed Site & Its Context

requirements in modern urban fabric. Recently,

The context of the project is situated on

the Linked-Hybrid by Steven Holl, in Beijing,

Suzhou Creek in Shanghai, a historical

has attempted to create a development which

territory within urban center which offers

act as porous urban fabric. The bridges--

problematic issue of nature and city, history

connected eight main towers--tie the complex

and future, post-industrialization and

program into a single hybrid building. However,

transformation which reflect instability or

this connectivity operates in the large scale

uncertainty.

which at the end acts as a new infrastructure

The proposed research site is located within

of the complex and yet does not necessarily

the Shanghai urban area at Changning district.

dissolve the spatial quality at the micro scale.

The site is an urban village (approximately 62,000 sqm) adjacent to the north side of Suzhou Creek, surrounded by complexity of

2.2.3 Hybrid Urban Village

modern infrastructure (3 metro lines) and

It has been clear that government has taken

roads, modern high rise apartment, historical

series of action and effort to mitigate and

site of former St. John’s University (now East

resolve the issue on Suzhou Creek. Those

China University of Political Science and Law),

actions can be summarized into four main

Public Zhong Shan Park, and commercial

steps;

blocks.

1. WATER. Started in 1992 (12 years program), dealing with several effort to improve the water quality, mitigate flood

2.2.2 Design Typology: Hybrid Building

impact, and introduce wastewater and water

The concept of hybridization originates from

resource management.

genetics and refers to the cross breeding of different species. In Architecture, definition of

2. CONSERVATION. Established heritage

hybrid building is associated with the

zone and warehouses conservation

programmatic requirement. In 1985, Joseph

initiatives(1990). Suzhou Creek Art district

Fenton categorized American Hybrid buildings

(Moganshan Road Art District).

into three main categories: Fabric Hybrids-

3. TABULA RASA. Old factories and

volumetric infill into the city’s gridded fabric;

abandoned warehouses are cleared for a new

Graft Hybrids-which express each program in

privatized development.

the resultant form of the hybrid building; and

18 Fenton, Joseph. ʻHybrid Buildingsʼ in Pamphlet of Architecture no.11.p7

16

85

MNEMONIC PRACTICE

4. RIVER FRONT. River front development; 1

intervention to the existing urban village at the

square kilometer park & commercial

edge of Suzhou Creek which endures

structures.

resistance against the pressure of economic development, high land price and physical

The final proposed design for this research will

border (the river). The outcome of the design

be the 5th stage of Suzhou Creek Urban

is a general master plan of selected site which

Redevelopment (following the 4 series of

addresses the problematic urban issues, and

government action for urban redevelopment,

architectural conceptual proposal which is

dealing with Water, Conservation, Tabula

expected to become a project prototype to

Rasa, and River Front). It is a hybrid

envision large scale transformation at the

development comprising of housing, work

particular area.

place & market place, social space & public facility. The hybrid development is a proposed

The proposal: Hybrid Urban Village.

Government’s action on Suzhou Creek.

86

17

MNEMONIC PRACTICE

18

87

MNEMONIC PRACTICE

lamentation to the past but it should be equally

CONCLUSION

approached as a venture which could provide many practical solution to our complex urban and environmental issues, which cannot be Hybrid Urban Village as a catalyst for Suzhou

solved by current technological achievement.

Creek Urban Redevelopment is not a prescriptive solution to current complex

It is a paradox to ponder on the story of radical

urbanism issue in China and Shanghai in

Japanese writer Junichiro Tanizaki. In his In

particular. However it offers a new challenge

Praise of Shadows19, Tanizaki exposed the

for current architectural and design practice

essence of traditional Japanese house, space

which has been too much preoccupied by

and tradition which has been continuously

technological mean, dictated by formal

replaced by modern western influence. Most of

dimension and has asserted full control to

his lamentation and criticism to this transition

physical environment. This thesis attempt to

was later contrasted to his final comment

showcase an opposite condition where in fact,

which rejected to live in the traditional house of

there are many hidden meaning and values in

his own imagination, as shown in the story

other parts of our city, where dynamic change

below:

is possible, transcendental aspect is still

“Mrs. Tanizaki tells a story of when her late

important and yet they are part of meaningful

husband decided, as he frequently did, to build

identity of a city.

a new house. The architect arrived and

This thesis also encourage many radical

announced with pride, “I’ve read your In Praise

attempt to explore and reinterpret traditional

of Shadows, Mr. Tanizaki, and know exactly

and vernacular values of many diverse Asian

what you want.” To which Tanizaki replied, “But

Cultures into modern urban context. These

no, I could no longer live in a house like

efforts should not be seen solely as a

that.”20

19 Tanizaki, Junichiro. In Praise of Shadows. 1977 20 Ibid., p 48.

88

20

MNEMONIC PRACTICE Architecture. San Francisco, William Stout Publisher, 2006.

Koolhaas, Rem. S,M,L,XL. New York, The Monacelli Press, 1998.

Leach, Neil. Rethinking Architecture, A Reader in Cultural Theory. Routledge, 2010.

Lefaivre, Liane and Alexander Tzonis. Architecture of Regionalism in the Age of Globalization; Peaks and Valleys in the Flat World. Routledge, 2012.

Li Xiaodong and Zhuang Qinghua. Form-making in Traditional Chinese Architecture. Beijing, China Architectural Press, 2010.

Loos, Adolf. Ornament and Crime, Selected Essays. Riverside, California, Ariadne Press, 1998.

Merleau-Ponty, Maurice. Phenomenology of Perception. Routledge, 2002.

Nesbitt, Kate. Theorizing a New Agenda for Architecture, an Anthology of Architectural Theory 1965-1995. Princeton Architectural Press, 1996.

Oliver, Paul. Dwellings: The Vernacular House Worldwide. Phaidon, 2003.

Oswald, Franz and Peter Baccini. Netzstadt.

Birkhauser, 2003.

Perez-Gomez, Alberto. Built Upon Love; Architectural Longing After Ethics and Aesthetics.

MIT Press, 2008.

Perez-Gomez, Alberto. Architecture and the Crisis of Modern Science. MIT Press, 1990.

Rossi, Aldo. The Architecture of the City. The MIT Press, 1984.

Sassen, Saskia. Territory, Authority, Rights: From Medieval to Global Assemblages. New York, Princeton University Press, 2008.

Wu Liangyong. Rehabilitating The Old City of Beijing; A project in the Ju’er Hutong Neighbourhood. Vancouver, UBC Press, 1999.

Zumthor, Peter. Atmospheres: Architectural Environments - Surrounding Objects. Birkhäuser Architecture, 2006.

Zumthor, Peter.Thinking Architecture . Birkhäuser Architecture, 2010.

Bibliography: Busquets, Joan. Cities X Lines, A New Lens For Urbanistic Project. Hustpas, Beijing, 2010.

Certeau, Michel de. The Practice of Everyday Life.

University of California Press, 1988.

C h e n , Ya w e i . S h a n g h a i P u d o n g , U r b a n Development In An Era of Global-local Interaction.

TU Delft, 2007.

Cook, Peter. The City Seen As A Garden. The Monacelli Press, 2003.

Ellin, Nan. Postmodern Urbanism. Princeton Architectural Press, 1999.

Fingerhuth, Carl. Learning from China, the Tao of the City. Birkhauser, 2004.

Jacobs, Jane. The Death and Life of Great American Cities. Modern Library, 2011.

Koolhas, Rem. Mutations: Harvard Project in the City. Barcelona, Actar 2000.

Lefebvre, Henri. Writings on Cities. Oxford: Blackwell,1996.

Lim, William Siew Wai. Asian Alterity, With Special Reference to Architecture + Urbanism Through the Lens of Cultural Studies. World Scientific Publishing, 2008.

Liu Wujun & Huang Xiang. Shanghai Urban Planning. Cengage Learning Asia Pte Ltd, 2007.

Lu Junhua, Peter G. Rowe and Zhang Jie. Modern Urban Housing in China, 1840-2000.

Prestel, 2001.

Lynch, Kevin. Good City Form. Cambridge, Mass, MIT Press 1981.

Lynch, Kevin. The Image of The City. Cambridge, Mass, MIT Press 1960.

Maki, Fumihiko. Nurtuting Dreams, Collected Essays on Architecture and The City. MIT Press, 2008.

Marshall, Stephen. Streets and Patterns.

Routledge, 2004.

Michelis, Stani and Arjan Van Helmond. Jakarta Megalopolis, Horizontal and Vertical Observations.

Valiz, Amsterdam, 2007.

MVRDV, T?F. The Vertical Village; Individual, Informal, Intense. NAi Publishers, 2012.

Rowe, Peter G. Modernity and Housing. MIT, 1993.

Spirn, Anne Whiston. The Granite Garden: Urban Nature and Human Design. New York: Basic Books, 1984.

Sudjic, Deyan. The Edifice Complex, How the Rich and Powerful Shape the World. New York, The Penguin Press, 2005.

Calinescu, Matei. Five Faces of Modernity. Duke University Press Durham, 2007.

Fenton, Joseph. ʻHybrid Buildingsʼ in Pamphlet of Architecture no.11. Princeton Architectural Press, 1985.

Frampton, Kenneth. Modern Architecture, A Critical History. Thames and Hudson, 2007.

Grima, Joseph. Instant Asia: Fast Forward Through The Architecture of a Changing Continent. Skira, 2008.

Holl, Steven, Juhani Pallasmaa, Alberto PerezGomez. Question of Perception, Phenomenology of

Chen, Xiangming and Jiaming Sun. Untangling a global-local nexus: Sorting out residential sorting in Shanghai. In Press at Environment and Planning A (2007). a+t, Hybrids 1, High-Rise Mixed use Buildings, a+t ediciones, 2008. a+t, Hybrids 1, Low-Rise Mixed use Buildings, a+t ediciones, 2008.

21

89

urban design & planning

academic

MNEMONIC PRACTICE:

HYBRID URBAN VILLAGE AS RECONSTRUCTION OF MEMORY OF PLACES M.ARCH THESIS AT TSINGHUA UNIVERSITY, MAY 2012 PERSONAL ACADEMIC WORK

90

irwan soetikno

WORKS PUBLISHED ON PROCEEDING CONFERENCE AND PRESENTED AT URBAN DESIGN ASIA: FUTURE CITIES IN ASIA, SEOUL 2012 UPCOMING PUBLICATION BY BEIJING PLANNING REVIEW, 2013

91

urban design & planning

academic

HYBRID BUILDINGS

HYBRID BUILDINGS

BY JOSEPH FENTON (Pamphlet Architecture no.11)

92

irwan soetikno

WORKS

PROPOSAL HYBRID URBAN VILLAGE

93

urban design & planning

94

academic

irwan soetikno

WORKS

95

urban design & planning

96

academic

irwan soetikno

WORKS

97

S T R A T E G Y 5 PRINCILPES

98

99

F R A M E W O R K

HISTORICAL REALM Historical site of former St. John’s University (now East China University of Political Science and Law)offers a unique environment to the public through its eclectic architectural styles and park.

PUBLIC PARK Zhong Shan Park is one of the oldest public park in Shanghai. It has diverse landscape & garden styles, spaces and natural elements.

TRANSPORTATION The village is flanked by 3 metro lines,which is connected to the international airport and railways. The urban village and Suzhou Creek is directed to be accessible by bicycle and foot.

100

HYBRID URBAN VILLAGE

CONNECTIVITY

The proposed Hybrid Urban Village is reconstructed by local resident through incremental process by utilizing available material & technology; and maintaining existing spatial organization (street pattern) which characterizes its unique environment.

Connectivity to Urban Village is regulated by three bridges.

First bridge connects the periphery (public street) of Urban Village to public road and community across the river.

Second bridge connects the internal road of Urban Village to the Green Space of Former Saint John’s University.

The existing bridge connect the old part of university to its extension across the river. This bridge also gives limited access to public (who live inside or next to Urban Village).

PERIPHERY OF URBAN VILLAGE

exsisting

2

1

INTERIOR URBAN VILLAGE

1

PROPOSED

HYBRID URBAN VILLAGE

2

drainage, overflow tank & pump

drainage, overflow tank & pump

101

OPERATION & REGULATION

main route

social space (market place, neighborhood)

new meandering route

ruin (ambiguous space, playground) public green space (park, garden, courtyard)

102

BUILDINGS

FAR = 2.5 TOTAL GFA 156,965 SQM (PROPOSED HEIGHT 4-5 FLOORS) MAXIMUM HEIGHT OF FIRST ROW BUILDING FROM RIVER EDGE 30M

GREEN AREA

TARGETED PUBLIC GREEN COVERAGE 38% (23,858 SQM) CURRENT GREEN AREA 19,012 SQM

STREET PATTERN

URBAN VILLAGE INTERNAL CIRCULATION, ACCESSIBLE BY BICYCLE & FOOT URBAN VILLAGE PERIPHERY, ACCESSIBLE BY PUBLIC VEHICLES

SITE AREA

TOTAL AREA = 62,786 SQM

103

PROJECT SITE SETTING & CONTEXT

BRIDGES

AVERAGE RIVER WIDTH 40-50M 1 EXISTING & 2 PROPOSED BRIDGES

SUZHOU CREEK

BUILDING SETBACK LINE: NORTH SIDE 30M FROM RIVER EDGE SOUTH SIDE 20M FROM RIVER EDGE FIRST ROW BUILDING HEIGHT: NORTH SIDE 30M SOUTH SIDE 26M NORTH

104

University extension

Private Residential Development (Gated Community)

EXISTING BRIDGE Former St.John’s University

PROPOSED BRIDGE 2

105

PRIVATE RESIDENTIAL TOWER

SITE SECTION

PRIVATE RESIDENTIAL TOWER

FORMER ST.JOHN’S UNIVERSITY

APARTMENT BLOCK PROPOSED BRIDGE NEW PUBLIC WATERFRONT

SUZHOU CREEK

106

HYBRID URBAN VILLAGE

APARTMENT BLOCK

107

THE LANDMARK TOWER (MIXED DEVELOPMENT)

PRIVATE RESIDENTIAL TOWER

PROPOSED BRIDGE 1

108

109

PROPOSED BRIDGE 2

110

111

CONCEPTUAL DESIGN MODEL

AN ENVIRONMENT ESTABLISHED UPON FORMAL AND TRANSCENDENTAL DIMENSION, REPRESENTED BY: Natural Landscape ( Park & Garden) / Transcendental Realm Historical Artifacts & Spatial Construct (Memory) / Cultural Realm Ruin & Reconstruction (Physical)/ Formal Realm

112

113

HYBRID HOUSE 1

HYBRID HOUSE 2

THE SURVIVING RUIN

TWO TYPES OF EXISTING HOUSES ARE PROPOSED TO BE RECONSTRUCTED INTO HYBRID HOUSES.

HYBRID HOUSE 1

114

THE SURVIVING RUIN

TWO TYPES OF EXISTING HOUSES ARE PROPOSED TO BE RECONSTRUCTED INTO HYBRID HOUSES.

HYBRID HOUSE 2

115

HYBRID HOUSE 1

5 BLOCKS MIXED FUNCTIONS = 257.5 SQM ESTIMATED CAPACITY: RESIDENT 11 PERSONS / 5 FAMILIES, 3 WORKING PERSONS, 10 VISITORS

ORIGINAL BLOCK (MODIFIED) LIVING SPACE: (33 SQM) 1 UNIT BEDROOM 1 TOILET 1 LIVING ROOM

ORIGINAL BLOCK LIVING SPACE: (33 SQM) FOR FAMILY /ELDERLY 2 UNITS BEDROOM 1 TOILET 1 KITCHEN 1 LIVING ROOM

116

ADDITIONAL BLOCK LIVING SPACE: (46.5 SQM) 3 UNIT BEDROOM 1 COMMON TOILET 1 COMMON KITCHEN + BALCONY / LAUNDRY SPACE 1 COMMON LIVING ROOM

ELEVATED BLOCK WORK SPACE / COMMERCIAL SPACE: (19 SQM)

ORIGINAL BLOCK (MODIFIED) COMMERCIAL SPACE: (63 SQM) Upper Floor 32 sqm Lower Floor 31 sqm

117

118

HYBRID HOUSE 1 Hybrid House 1 is divided into five blocks. It comprises of spaces for economic activities (shops, food court, service, etc), working space (office, workshop, etc) and living spaces for various types of family & temporary resident.

119

secondary route

primary route

WORK SPACE

19 sqm elevated block, offer a flexible space for multi purpose working/ economic avtivities

120

COMMERCIAL SPACE

63 sqm space for economic activities (shops, food court, service, etc).

54

MEP shafts A/C Ledge

3

1 2

balcony/ laundry

LIVING SPACE

3 blocks living spaces for various types of family & temporary resident.

121

HYBRID URBAN VILLAGE

HYBRID HOUSE 1 + HYBRID HOUSE 2 + MANY OTHER HYBRID HOUSES

122

123

Ground Floor Plan

124

First Floor Plan

125

Second Floor Plan

126

Third Floor Plan

127

Fourth Floor Plan

128

Roof Top Plan

129

POETIC TECTONIC

TECTONIC QUALITY & EXPRESSION WITHIN URBAN VILLAGE AND ITS ADJACENT SURROUNDING

130

131

HYBRID URBAN VILLAGE

(A CATALYST FOR SUZHOU CREEK URBAN REDEVELOPMENT) THE VILLAGE EVOLVE AS A NODES OF URBAN SPACES ALONG THE CONTINUOUS GREEN CORRIDOR, CONNECTING SUZHOU RIVER TO THE HUANGPU RIVER.

132

176

133

urban design & planning

134

academic

irwan soetikno

WORKS

135

urban design & planning

136

academic

irwan soetikno

WORKS

137

urban design & planning

138

academic

irwan soetikno

WORKS

139

urban design & planning

140

academic

irwan soetikno

WORKS

141

landscape architecture

professional

PEACE GARDEN RESIDENTIAL

SHANGHAI, CHINA

BUILT PROJECT, 2004 PROFESSIONAL WORK: LANDSCAPE DESIGNER, LANDART, SHANGHAI

142

irwan soetikno

WORKS

143

landscape architecture

144

professional

irwan soetikno

WORKS

145

professional

urban design & planning

JUNHUA URBAN REDEVELOPMENT ZHONGHAN, GUANGZHOU

INITIAL CONTEPTUAL PLANNING & ANALYSIS, 2012 PROFESSIONAL WORK: URBAN DESIGNER, RTKL INTERNATIONAL, BEIJING

TYPOLOGY TYPOLOGY & SPATIAL & SPATIAL CHARACTER CHARACTER ACTIVE WATER-BODY ACTIVE WATER-BODY

RIVER

80-150m

RIVER

80-150m

WATER EDGE PARK WATER EDGE PARK 20-80m

20-80m

100-300m

100-300m

LOW RISE LOW RISE LINEAR BLOCK LINEAR BLOCK LOW RISE LINEAR LOW BLOCK RISE LINEAR BLOCK

TOWER BLOCK TOWER BLOCK

TOWER BLOCK TOWER BLOCK + + PODIUM & COURTYARD PODIUM & COURTYARD

146

irwan soetikno

WORKS

New Residential Development.

Highrise Tower.

Established Community.

Lowrise residential in pattern responding to topography.

Existing Community.

Industrial buildings with lowrise residential scattered around them. Stripe of houses along the river bank Existing Community.

Industrial buildings (east side) with lowrise residential in grid pattern.

Facility: school

Potential Microsoft Headquarter

Existing development.

Lowrise buildings & office/industry blocks.

Existing community with farmland.

147

professional

urban design & planning

Figure B

Public recreational facility: playground, museum, clubhouse, recreation center.

Recreational ‘water park’

New residential development.

High rise development, with some landmark tower at the junction.

New residential development.

Mid to low rise development, creating a continous visibility to the park and river.

Public Facility: community center & service (gym, adminsitration, auditorium & hall,etc)

Mixed development: Creative Industry, retail shops, hotel, commercial block.

Adaptive reuse, with several new low rise block creating a continous visibility to the park and river.

‘The Central’ Mixed development with iconic building / landmark.

(Service apartment, restaurant, commerical podium, hotel & office)

PRODUCTION QUARTER

INSTITUTION QUARTER Green hill

Figure A Mixed development with iconic building / landmark.

(Service apartment, restaurant, commerical podium, hotel & office)

RECREATION & CREATIVE INDUSTRY QUARTER

New residential development.

Low rise villas with natural pattern surrounding the hill New residential development.

Low rise villas & (cluster of resort), with public green space along the river, and infrastrucutre connecting two pieces of development

Potential Microsoft Headquarters

Mixed development comprises of healthcare facility (hospital), commercial block, office and hotel.

Education center.

Mid to High school education, or special institute dedicated to support industry in the city.

Public Facility: (To support or related to education such as exhibition center, museum & library) New residential development.

Low rise villas.

B. Relationship of Institution and Production quarter

A. Mixed Development

Education

148

Facility

Residential

Business

irwan soetikno

WORKS

149

urban design & planning

professional

NATIONAL STATE GRID HEADQUARTERS TIANJIN, CHINA

INITIAL CONTEPTUAL PLANNING & DESIGN, 2012 PROFESSIONAL WORK: URBAN DESIGNER, RTKL INTERNATIONAL, BEIJING

150

irwan soetikno

WORKS

151

urban design & planning

152

professional

irwan soetikno

WORKS

153

urban design & planning

professional

GUANGYANG PEACOCK CITY GUANGYANG, CHINA

CONCEPTUAL PLANNING & DESIGN, NEW TOWN DEVELOPMENT PROFESSIONAL WORK: URBAN DESIGNER, RTKL INTERNATIONAL, BEIJING

RESIDENTIAL LOW RISE

RESIDENTIAL MEDIUM RISE

RESIDENTIAL TOWER

COMMERCIAL & PUBLIC SERVICE

GUANGYANG PEACOCK CITY

154

irwan soetikno

WORKS

155

urban design & planning

156

professional

irwan soetikno

WORKS

157

urban design & planning

professional

HAIKOU URBAN REGENERATION XIUYING PORT, HAIKOU, CHINA

CONTEPTUAL PLANNING & DESIGN, 2012 PROFESSIONAL WORK: URBAN DESIGNER, RTKL INTERNATIONAL, BEIJING

158

irwan soetikno

WORKS

159

urban design & planning

professional

Urbanization has put increasing demand on China’s second and third tier cities to improve the quality of life for its citizens. The regeneration of city centers and adjacent industrial zones is one of the solutions. Xiuying Port is an old logistics port in the center of Haikou, China. Under the new positioning of Hainan as an International Tourism Island, Haikou as the provincial capital of Hainan faces challenges and competition from Sanya in the south. The port is being relocated and regenerated into a new mixed use hub. The biggest challenge is to find adequate land budget and FAR to make the relocation of port possible.

The client and government leaders envision the site as a mixed use development with entertainment uses including marina facilities, local ferry port, office uses, customs and port uses, and high end apartments.

Hainan University

New Port Port

Downtown

Park

Resort SITE

22km to airport

SOLVE

The port regeneration will be a catalyst project for the revival of Haikou’s city center. Economically the waterfront site near Haikou city center will have an appropriate mix of uses to attract investment capital. Our aim to develop an eco healthy district on this reclaimed industrial site is achieved by providing an interconnected green infrastructure system and implementing a green approach to limit impact on the urban environment. Social sustainability is achieved by creating a district to live, work, and play, attracting people to Haikou to enjoy the harbor life.

Xiuying Port &Haikou, Hainan Province HAIKOU

HAIKOU

Wenchang Danzhou

Wenchang

Qionghai

Danzhou

Dongfang

CONNECT

Wanning

Wuzhishan

Urban design is not just about the design of buildings, but also about creating linkages through the spatial fabric and public realm. Our aim in this urban regeneration project is to connect Haikou’s past with future, connect the site with the city, connect urban development with economic prosperity, connect people with other people and places, and connect the sea with the land.

SANYA

Qionghai

HAIKOU

Wenchang

Wuzhishan

Danzhou Qionghai

EXPLORE

Dongfang

To test our vision for the design, a series of studies on waterfront developments, including pioneer projects in Baltimore’s Inner Harbor and Hamburg Haffen City, have been carried out in order to find the most appropriate development path for Xiuying Port. Energy and wind models were used as an experimental way to test the “physical” quality of the design, and to adjust the design to optimize environmental comfort with efficient energy utilization.

ENRICH

The project aims to energize the city center with a waterfront destination to stimulate the cities’ vitality and accelerate the port’s transition from industrial to commercial uses, focus value and presence on the waterfront, and offer a mix of active landscape typologies located in pedestrian scaled urban environments which will promote walkability, thus reducing the impact of vehicular traffic on the urban infrastructure.

Wanning

Wuzhishan

SANYA

SANYA

To support Hainan as an International Tourism Island, Haikou can create an identity distinct from Sanya in the south.

GUANGXI Beihai

GUANGXI

Guiyang

Kunming

Guangxi

GUANGDONG

Zhongshan

GUANGDONG

VIETNAM

Zhuhai

Guangzhou

Myanmar

Macau

Qingzhou

Zhanjiang Hai Pong

Yangjiang

Hongkong

Beihai

Maoming Zhanjiang

Hainan

Xiuying Port Leizhou

Thailand

Xuwen

Vietnam Lingao

Cambodia

Danzhou

Haikou

Qionghai Dongfang

Danzhou

Wenchang

Wangning

HAINAN

Malaysia

Sanya Wanning

Singapore

Sanya

Haikou’s strategic location within Hainan and Southeast Asia provides opportunities to influence regional development.

01

HAIKOU XIUYING PORT DEVELOPING AN INDUSTRIAL PORT INTO A HARBOR CITY

160

WORKS

irwan soetikno

Exhibition Rental Mooring

Residential

8,000 units

Employment

40,000 employees

Commercial Population

475,000 sqm 15,000 residents

Recreational Residential

220,000 sqm 8,000 units

Public Service Employment

43,500 sqm 40,000 employees

Yacht Dock Commercial

300 berths 475,000 sqm

Port Relocation Recreational

¥ 8.2 billion 220,000 sqm

Public Service

43,500 sqm

Yacht Dock

Resecue 300 berths

INDUSTRY PortYACHT Relocation

SEA TOURISM Exhibition Rental Harbor Mooringcruise, Water sports YACHT INDUSTRY

Customs Maritime services Conferencing

PUBLIC SERVICE

¥ 8.2 billion

SHORT DISTANCE FERRY SEA TRANSPORTATION Customs Maritime services Passenger Resecue jet boat to cross Jingzhou Strait Conferencing Seaplane PUBLIC SERVICE

XIUYING PORT’S FUNCTIONS

02

URBAN REGENERATION

Xuiying Port is planned to accommodate four major public functions: SHORT DISTANCEand short distance yacht industry, public service, sea tourism SEA TOURISM FERRY SEA ferry transportation. This strategy is expected to boost economic TRANSPORTATION development by creating a dynamic workforce for 40,000 employees Passenger jet boat to Harbor cruise, and attract adequate investment for implementing the development. cross Jingzhou Strait Water sports Seaplane

XIUYING PORT’S FUNCTIONS Xuiying Port is planned to accommodate four major public functions: yacht industry, public service, sea tourism and short distance ferry transportation. This strategy is expected to boost economic development by creating a dynamic workforce for 40,000 employees and attract adequate investment for implementing the development.

INTEGRATE SOCIAL, ECONOMIC & ENVIRONMENTAL SUSTAINABILITY

02

URBAN REGENERATION

RESIDENTIAL

COMMERCIAL OFFICE

CULTURAL ENTERTAINMENT

TRANSPORTATION

ENVIRONMENTALLY PROTECTED

URBAN MIXED USE

HISTORIC

INTEGRATE SOCIAL, ECONOMIC & ENVIRONMENTAL SUSTAINABILITY

Waterfront Development Typologies

URBAN MIXED USE WATERFRONT At the project onset, we studied existing waterfront development typologies and models around the world to determine Xiuying Port’s development path. Based on the studies and in keeping with the government’s vision, Xiuying Port will be CULTURAL URBAN COMMERCIAL ENVIRONMENTALLY RESIDENTIALas an Urban developed Mixed Use Waterfront. This typeTRANSPORTATION of waterfront development integrates various waterfront typologies HISTORIC ENTERTAINMENT MIXED USE OFFICE PROTECTED to create a vibrant, multifunctional destination for residents, employees, and tourists. The waterfront promenade becomes an important public element that connects people and places.

Waterfront Development Typologies

CHALLENGE & OPPORTUNITY

Land Use

URBAN MIXED USE WATERFRONT

STRATEGY & NEWdevelopment PROGRAM typologies and models around the world to determine At the project onset, we studied existing waterfront Xiuying Port’s development path. Based on the studies and in keeping with the government’s vision, Xiuying Port will be FUTUREintegrates REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT • Favorable location to Use Waterfront. This type of waterfront development developed as an Urbanclose Mixed various waterfront typologies the mainland to create a vibrant, multifunctional destination for residents, employees, and tourists. The waterfront promenade becomes an• important element that• connects and Mixed usepeople program of places. • Catalyst to stimulate urban Supportivepublic national, regional, and local governmental policies

CHALLENGE & OPPORTUNITY

commercial, entertainment, port, and residential uses

regeneration developments in Haikou city center

• Seafront advantages with protected inner harbor

• Transit hub with access to land and sea transportations

• Mixed use waterfront destination, attracting locals and tourists

• Lack of cultural response and distinctive feature • Favorable location close to mainland • the Insuffi cient infrastructure

• Waterfront promenade to connect public spaces

• Yacht hub with marina and related services to serve a growing market

and public facility • Supportive national, regional, and local governmental policies

• New infrastructure & facility to accommodate residents, • Mixed use program of commuters, and tourists commercial, entertainment, port, and residential uses

• A node for local and regional water transportation • Catalyst to stimulate urban regeneration developments in Haikou city center

• Seafront advantages with protected inner harbor

• Transit hub with access to land and sea transportations

• Mixed use waterfront destination, attracting locals and tourists

• Lack of cultural response and distinctive feature

• Waterfront promenade to connect public spaces

• Yacht hub with marina and related services to serve a growing market

Land Use

STRATEGY & NEW PROGRAM

FUTURE REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT

Master Plan

161

urban design & planning

162

professional

irwan soetikno

WORKS

163

architecture

professional

SOHO ISLAND SUZHOU, CHINA

BUILT PROJECT, 2006 PROFESSIONAL WORK: ARCHITECTURAL DESIGNER, HMA ARCHITECTS & DESIGNERS, SHANGHAI

164

irwan soetikno

WORKS

165

architecture

professional

GUANGZHOU EAST TOWER GUANGZHOU, CHINA

COMPETITION, 2009 PROFESSIONAL WORK: ARCHITECTURAL DESIGNER, SPARCH, SINGAPORE

166

irwan soetikno

WORKS

167

architecture

professional

PROJECT SUGARCANE HO CHI MINH CITY, VIETNAM

COMPETITION 1ST PRIZE, 2009 PROFESSIONAL WORK: ARCHITECTURAL DESIGNER, SPARCH, SINGAPORE

168

irwan soetikno

WORKS

project data: SPARCH 2009, owned by Capitaland, principal/design architect Stephen Pimbley, 1st prize winner site area 10,000sqm, GFA 100,000sqm, program Commercial, Service Apartment, Residential & Clubhouse

169

architecture

170

professional

irwan soetikno

WORKS

171

irwan soetikno

www.ishenstudio.com ishenstudio@yahoo.com