Abstract
HybridRoad RailPowerGenerationsystemwillabletogive solution for that problem. It uses one of the most readily availablesourcesinthenatureknownas,solarenergy.Also it uses wasted energy to generate the electricity which includesforcegeneratedbymovingofvehiclesintermsof winddisturbanceandvehicleskineticenergy. According to WHO’s recent reports India get polluted. To counterthatsituation,weneedcarbonmitigationandalso sequestrationcarbon. One ofthesimplestand economical sequestrationcarbontechniqueis‘Reforestation’.Thenwe areabletocarryreforestationpracticesonthatremaining land.Thisslashesthecarbonintheatmosphere.Roofsare able to plays another most significant role of ‘Large scale RainWaterHarvesting’.
1. Solar Photovoltaics
1.INTRODUCTION
HYBRID ROAD RAIL POWER GENERATOR
Pranav Anant Pise 1, Mahesh Anant Pise2
Also, our country have one of the largest rail network. Whichhaveroutelengthof67,956kmandtotaltrackageis 1,26,366km.
Itisahybridelectricitygenerationsystemonhighwaysand railways which includes solar panels as top, Vertical Axis WindTurbinesandPiezoelectricPavementasbase.Indiahas secondlargestroadnetwork intheworldafterUSAwhich contains: 1,51,019kmNationalHighway 5,846kmGoldenQuadrilateral 20,000kmoperationalandproposedExpressway 1,86,0000kmStateHighway
Indiaislocatedtothenorthoftheequator,whichreceives yearlymeansolarirradiationof6.5KWh/m2day.Itisvery goodsolarphotovoltaicsystem.Solarpanelsaremountedon the roof of highways. This structure is supported by steel structureframearoundthecrosssectionoftheroadlength whichincludesthetotalwidthoftheroadandrailway.
Key Words: Renewable Energy, solar panel, vertical axis windturbine,rainwaterharvesting.
1PG Student, Department of Civil Engineering, Dr.J.J.M.C.O.E. Jaysingpur, Maharashtra, India
2. METHODOLOGY
International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e ISSN: 2395 0056 Volume: 09 Issue: 02 | Feb 2022 www.irjet.net p ISSN: 2395 0072 © 2022, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 7.529 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page20
2UG Student, Department of Civil Engineering, Dr.J.J.M.C.O.E. Jaysingpur, Maharashtra, India *** Energy demand is increasing day by day and until now its major source is fossil fuel urning for electricity occupyingadvantages.waterharvester.photovoltaicIt'saboutwerenewablehugeelectricityrenewableTherefore,generationisresponsibleforpollutionandclimatechangeetc.manycountriesaregettingshiftedtowardsenergysourcesforfulfillingourcountrieswholedemandbyusingcleanenergysourceswerequirelandmass.Ifwecaninnovativelymanagevariousenergysourcesonourhighwayandrailnetwork,cansolvetheproblembygreaterextent.Itcanbedonethelandavailabilityforrenewableenergysources.ahybridenergygenerationsystemwhichincludessolar,windturbinesandpiezoelectricenergyInthatsamesystemwealsocarrylargescalerainharvestingpractices.ThissystemhassomanyFirstiscleanenergygenerationwithoutadditionalland,alsoitisbeneficialforroaditself, road users and vehicles also. When EV’s get generalized this systemplaysaveryvitalroleforprovidingenergyforon road charging station.
Inthe present era pollution andclimatechangearemajor threatsfortoday’sgeneration.Manystudiesshowthatfossil fuel burning for electricity generation and vehicles s the main reason of pollution and climate change. Therefore, manycountriesgotshiftedtowardsrenewableenergyand biofuels. Also, India takes impressive steps in renewable energy,intherecentyearsourrenewableenergysectorgets matured. But some countries like Iceland, costa Rica, UK, Sweden fulfill their whole electricity demand by using renewableenergysources.ButthecountrieslikeIndia,USA haveenormousenergydemand.
According to IEEA (Institute for Energy Economics and FinancialAnalysis)Indiarequires1.97% 2.88%landnearly 65000to95000sq.km. forachievingNetZeroTargets by 2050.Thisissuchahugenumber.Todayourpopulationis 139.66croreandourannualgrowthofpopulationis1%.Our present scenario about population is very bad and in upcoming years there is possibility of food scarcity and problemaboutresidence.Ifwegettroubleinfulfillingour essentialdemandsthenourrenewableenergytargetsand our ambitious sustainable development goal face a lot of problems.
International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e ISSN: 2395 0056 Volume: 09 Issue: 02 | Feb 2022 www.irjet.net p ISSN: 2395 0072 © 2022, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 7.529 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page21 Figure 1: SolarPanelsonRoofs 2. Road side Vertical Axis Wind Turbine Windturbinesareinstallingbynumberofways.Roadside Verticalaxiswindturbinesisgotpowerbyspeciallydesigned supportingstructure,thisacceleratestheairmovement.And itsinstalledcapacityis3KW. Figure 2: VerticalAxisWindTurbines 3 Vehicle Powered Vertical Axis Wind Turbine Windturbulenceiscreatedbyspeedilymovingvehicles. On the other hand, if it moves, it would create low wind highways.capturedvehiclespressurefield.Windturbulencedirectionismovingalongthetothecenteroflowpressurefield.Thisenergygetsbyinstallingverticalaxiswindturbinesalongthe Figure 3: VehiclePoweredV.A.W.T. 4. Piezoelectric Pavement Thissystemisdiscoveredby‘Innowatech’anIsraelbased company. They’re tested reports said that for 1 Km piezoelectric roads single lane can generates 44,000 KWh/year,where600vehiclesarepassingduringonehour. Figure 4: PiezoelectricPavement 5. Rain Water Harvesting Roofsarealsocarryingtherainwaterharvestingactivity. Slopeisprovidedforrooflikeacamberprovisionandatboth endspipesareinstalledwhichwillcarrywater. Figure 5: RainWaterHarvesting 2.1 MODELING AND ANALYSIS It is a general calculation; it should be varied location to location.(For1Kmroadstretch)
area=35m*1000m Solar panels= Monocrystalline, 540 Watt and 1.1m*2.1minsizeofeachpanel Angleoftilt=45degree Sin(45)=h/1.1=0.78 PanelsL=D+x=2.34+0.78=3.12mD=3h=3*0.78=2.34Cos(45)=x/1.1=0.78mmalonglength=1000/3.12=320Nos Panelsalonglength=30/2.1 =14Nos No.ofpanels=320*14=4480Nos Electricitygeneration=4480/2=2240Kw 1Kwgenerates4units Dailyelectricitygeneration=2240*4=8.96MW/day/km 2.RoadsideVerticalAxisWindTurbines(V.A.W.T.) Typeofturbine=DarrieusWindTurbine InstalledCapacity=3KWh Efficiency=25% No.ofturbines=360Nos.
in
Sin(45)=h/1.1=0.78 PanelsL=D+x=2.34+0.78=3.12mD=3h=3*0.78=2.34Cos(45)=x/1.1=0.78mmalonglength=1000/3.12=320Nos Panels
Angle
Kw 1Kw
byG311turbine Outout=6*250=1500
Each
Solar
iii.ii.i.SolarPanels=7.04*335*151019=356.163TWh/yearRoadsideV.A.W.T.=6.48*365*10000=23.652TWh/year(Foronly10000Km)VehiclepoweredV.A.W.T.=1.5*365*151019=82.683TWh/yeariv.PiezoelectricPanels=44*4*151019=26.579TWh/year
Output=44/365*4Lane=
Total Daily Output of 1Km=7.04+6.48+1.5+0.482= 15.502 MW/Day/Km Outputperyear
1. National Highways: 1. MountedPhotovoltaics Totalarea=25m*1000m panels= Monocrystalline, 540 Watt and 1.1m*2.1minsizeofeachpanel oftilt=45degree alonglength=25/2.1 =11Nos No.ofpanels=320*11=3520Nos generation=3520/2=1760 generates4units electricity MW/day/km RoadsideVerticalAxisWindTurbines(V.A.W.T.) Typeofturbine=DarrieusWindTurbine InstalledCapacity=3KWh Efficiency=25% Nos. 6KW/day, according tested results U.K. KWhsays Base) laneof1Kmgenerates MWperyear,tested byIsraelbasedInnowatechcompany. 0.482
Total Generation by N.H. TWh/yearannually=356.163+23.652+82.683+26.579=489.077
No.ofturbines=360Nos. Output=(3*0.25)*24*360=6.48MW/day/km 3.Vehiclemotionpoweredv.A.W.T. InstalledCapacity=2.5KWh No.ofTurbines=250
Each turbine can generate
2. Expressway:1.RoofMountedPhotovoltaics Total
1.5MW/day/km 4.PiezoelectricPavement(Road
44
International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e ISSN: 2395 0056 Volume: 09 Issue: 02 | Feb 2022 www.irjet.net p ISSN: 2395 0072 © 2022, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 7.529 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page22
Roof
MW/day
Daily
2.
Electricity
generation=1760*4=7.04
iii.Vehicle
4.
International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e ISSN: 2395 0056 Volume: 09 Issue: 02 | Feb 2022 www.irjet.net p ISSN: 2395 0072 © 2022, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 7.529 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page23 Output=(3*0.25)*24*360=6.48MW/day/km 3.Vehiclemotionpoweredv.A.W.T. InstalledCapacity=2.5KWh No.ofTurbines=250Nos. Each turbine can generate 6KW/day, according tested resultsinU.K.byG311turbine Outout=8*250=2000KWhsays2MW/day/km 4.PiezoelectricPavement(RoadBase) Eachlaneof1Kmgenerates44MWperyear,tested byIsraelbasedInnowatechcompany. Output=44/365*4Lane=0.482MW/day Total Daily Output of 1Km=8.96+6.48+2+0.482= 17.922 MW/Day/Km Outputperyear i.SolarPanels=8.96*335*20000=60.032TWh/year ii.Road side V.A.W.T.=6.48*365*5000 =11.826 TWh/year(Foronly5000Km) iii.Vehicle powered V.A.W.T.=2*365*20000=14.6 TWh/year iv.PiezoelectricPanels=44*4*20000=3.52TWh/year Total Generation by Expressway annually=60.032+11.826+14.6+3.52=89.978TWh/year 3. Golden Quadrilateral: 1.RoofMountedPhotovoltaics Totalarea=25m*1000m Solar panels= Monocrystalline, 540 Watt and 1.1m*2.1minsizeofeachpanel Angleoftilt=45degree Sin(45)=h/1.1=0.78 PanelsL=D+x=2.34+0.78=3.12mD=3h=3*0.78=2.34Cos(45)=x/1.1=0.78mmalonglength=1000/3.12=320Nos Panelsalonglength=30/2.1 =14Nos No.ofpanels=320*14=4480Nos Electricitygeneration=4480/2=2240Kw 1Kwgenerates4units Dailyelectricitygeneration=2240*4=8.96MW/day/km
4.PiezoelectricPavement(RoadBase) Eachlaneof1Kmgenerates44MWperyear,tested byIsraelbasedInnowatechcompany. Output=44/365*4Lane=0.482MW/day Total Daily Output of 1Km=8.96+6.48+1.5+0.482= 17.422 MW/Day/Km Outputperyear i.SolarPanels=8.96*335*5846=17.547TWh/year side V.A.W.T.=6.48*365*500 =1.183 TWh/year(Foronly500Km) powered V.A.W.T.=1.5*365*5846=3.2 TWh/year Panels=44*4*5846=1.029TWh/year Total Generation by Golden Quadrilateral annually=17.547+1.183+3.2+1.029=22.959TWh/year State Highways: 1.RoofMountedPhotovoltaics Totalarea=7m*1000m
iv.Piezoelectric
3.Vehiclemotionpoweredv.A.W.T. InstalledCapacity=2.5KWh No.ofTurbines=250Nos. Each turbine can generate 6KW/day, according tested resultsinU.K.byG311turbine Outout=6*250=1500KWhsays1.5MW/day/km
2.RoadsideVerticalAxisWindTurbines(V.A.W.T.) Typeofturbine=DarrieusWindTurbine InstalledCapacity=3KWh Efficiency=25% No.ofturbines=360Nos. Output=(3*0.25)*24*360=6.48MW/day/km
ii.Road
Nos Panelsalonglength=7/2.1 =3Nos No.ofpanels=320*3=960Nos Electricitygeneration=960/2=480Kw 1Kwgenerates4units Dailyelectricitygeneration=480*4=1.92MW/day/km TotalDailyOutputof1Km=1.92MW/Day/Km Outputperyear Total Generation by Railways annually=1.92*335*126000=81.043TWh/year
PanelsL=D+x=2.34+0.78=3.12mD=3h=3*0.78=2.34Cos(45)=x/1.1=0.78mmalonglength=1000/3.12=320
Thissystemcangeneratethemasselectricitywithoutgiving any adverse effect on the environment. It can eliminate majordrawbackoflarge scaleelectricitygenerationproject in terms of, ‘Change in Land Use’ which lead in ecological imbalance.Additionallandisnotrequiredforinstallingnew electricitygenerationproject.Inthatsystemwecancarry, ‘LargescaleRainWaterHarvesting’,whichcollectsthewater ontheonthesolarroof.Italsoprovidesjobopportunities. Weknowthat,potholesareformedduringrainydaysitis themainlybecauseofroaddeteoration,itcanbeeliminated by provision of roof on the road top. Which will save repairingandmaintenancecost,thereforelifespanofroad increases. Roofs can eliminate the direct contact between solar radiation and vehicles which will minimizes the vehiclesheating,itsavesthefuel.Also,itimprovesthelifeof tyre.Roofcaneliminateglareeffects.Also,itgivescomfort duringsummerandrainyseason.WhenEV’sgetgeneralized, thensupportingstructureplaystheroleofchargingstation which uses generated at that particular location which eliminatethetransmissionlosses.
PanelsL=D+x=2.34+0.78=3.12mD=3h=3*0.78=2.34Cos(45)=x/1.1=0.78mmalonglength=1000/3.12=320Nos Panelsalonglength=5/2.1 =2Nos No.ofpanels=320*2=640Nos Electricitygeneration=640/2=320Kw 1Kwgenerates4units Dailyelectricitygeneration=320*4=1.28MW/day/km TotalDailyOutputof1Km=1.28MW/Day/Km Outputperyear
Sin(45)=h/1.1=0.78
Total highway and rail network able generates= 762.632 TWh/year 2.2 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
3. CONCLUSIONS
International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e ISSN: 2395 0056 Volume: 09 Issue: 02 | Feb 2022 www.irjet.net p ISSN: 2395 0072 © 2022, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 7.529 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page24 Solar panels= Monocrystalline, 540 Watt and 1.1m*2.1minsizeofeachpanel Angleoftilt=45degree
Nowadays,manycountriesgiveprioritytocleanenergyand sustainable development. Larger electricity generation projects require acres of land. The land will get saved by usingHybridRoadRailPowerGenerator.Landsavedduring electricitygenerationsystemgetsusedreforestationandfor GreenField.
In India, solar radiation is available in abundance. By installingsolarpanelsonthehighwayandrailwayroofwe generate mass electricity. Wind disturbance due to the vehicle movement have good potential for electricity generation.Theenergymaybeusedbyusingextrasensitive verticalaxiswindturbinesalongtheroadside.Piezoelectric energyharvesterscapturethekineticenergyofvehiclesto generate the electricity. This hybrid electricity generation systemincreasesthepoweroutput.Inthatsystemwecan utilize the waste energy in order to generate electricity. Waterconservationpracticesarealsocarriedoutbyusing rainwaterharvestingsystem.
TWh/yearTotalGenerationbyS.H.annually=1.28*335*186000=79.757 Railways: 1.RoofMountedPhotovoltaics Totalarea=25m*1000m Solar panels= Monocrystalline, 540 Watt and 1.1m*2.1minsizeofeachpanel Angleoftilt=45degree Sin(45)=h/1.1=0.78
5.
International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e ISSN: 2395 0056 Volume: 09 Issue: 02 | Feb 2022 www.irjet.net p ISSN: 2395 0072 © 2022, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 7.529 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page25
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WhenEV’sgetgeneralized,nowadaysIndia’srailnetwork gets electrified their energy demand will get fulfilled by electricitygeneratedontransportationnetworkparticularly roadwaysandrailways.Itwouldsavetheelectricitywastage duringlongdistancetransmission.
AUTHORS PG UGStudentStudent
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