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Withtheincreaseinthestandardofliving,thereisa senseofurgencyfordevelopingcircuitsthatwouldeasethe complexity of life. “Visitor counting is basically a measurementofthevisitortrafficeitherenteringorexiting placeslikeparkinglots,sportsvenues,etc”.Overtheyears, the usage of Visitor counters has become very positive in termsofmonitoringcrowdbehaviorataparticularplace.“A tally(ortallystick)wasanancientmemoryassistancedevice usedtostoreandfilenumbers,quantities,orevenmessages” [4].“HistoricalreferenceismadebyPlinytheElder(AD23 79)aboutthebestwoodtousefortallies,andbyMarcoPolo (1254 1324) who mentions the use of the tally in China. Tallies have been used for several instances such as messagingandplanning,andespeciallyinpeoplecounting, financialandlegaltransactions”.[1]

andRays/Receivers,Microcontroller,LiquidCrystalDisplayCircuit.

International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e ISSN: 2395 0056 Volume: 09 Issue: 01 | Jan 2022 www.irjet.net p ISSN: 2395 0072 © 2021, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 7.529 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page711 Bidirectional Visitor Counter using AT89C52 with Light Automation and Metal Detection Dr R G Vidhya 1 , Allwyn Paul P 2, Athish Sanjay Raju 3, Kenneth Abraham J4, M Santhosh Kumar5 1,2,3,4,5 HKBK College of Engineering, Department of ECE, Bangalore 45, Karnataka, India ----------------------------------------------------------------------***--------------------------------------------------------------------Abstract In Today‘s world there's an endless need for automatic appliances. Wastage of electricity is one of the criticalissuesthatwearepresentlyfacing.We'vedesigned this project known as Bidirectional visitor Counter with the help of AT89C52 Microcontroller‖ to help overcome some ofthese issues. The primary intention is to create a system where the quantity of individuals coming into or leavinganareaismonitoredanddisplayedonascreen.Once someoneentersthespecifiedarea,countwouldbeincreased ,whereasonleaving,thecountwoulddecrease.IRsensing mechanismisemployedtosensethepresenceofthepeople and also the counting calculation is finished by a microcontroller. “The microcontroller is employed for identifyingeitheranentryoranexitactionandcomputes (additionorsubtraction)toaccumulatetheexactresults”.It receives the signals from the sensors, and this signal is operated beneath the management of the embedded programming code that is held in ROM of the displayedobstructionfirstapproachyousecondobstructobstructionsendingsensors,Infraredmicrocontroller.ThemicrocontrollerendlesslymonitorstheReceivers.AssoonasanyobjectpassesthroughthethentheIRRaysaremirroredbacktothereceiveranactivelowsignaltothemicrocontroller.Thecanhappeninthesecircumstances,eitheryouthefirstsensor(i.e.outsidethebuilding)beforethesensor(i.e.thatiswithinthebuilding)thisshowsthatareenteringthebuilding.Incontrast,iftheoppositeisusedi.e.,obstructingsecondsensorbeforethesensor,indicatesthatyourexitingthebuilding.ThisisdetectedbytheMicrocontroller,computedandbya16x2LCDscreen.

1.INTRODUCTION

Thetallystickwasreplacedbythemechanicaltally counter which is a device used to incrementally count something,usuallypassing.Oneofthemostcommonthings tally counters are used for is counting people, animals, or thingsthatarequicklyenteringandexitingalocation.“Later, anelectronictallycounterwasintroducedwhichusedanLCD screentodisplaythecountandpushbuttonstoincreaseor decrease the count. Currently, as a result of technological innovation, countless types of visitor counters have been introduced to automatically count the quantity of people eitherarrivingorleavingabuildingatacertaintime.Someof these technologies are laser beam, thermal imaging, video camera,andtheinfra redsensor.Allthesesensorsperform theirrolerespectivelyasvisitorindicators”.Thesedevicesare very reliable and accurate in terms of performance as comparedtothemechanicalandelectricaltallycounters.[2]

Historically, several well established institutions suchaslibraries,communitycenters,auditoriums,etc.,across the globe have encountered various instances related to trafficmonitoring.“Ithasbecomeanecessitytomonitorthe visitors tocarryout the task ofhuman traffic management andestimationoftouristflowtojustifyaccurateresultsfor statisticalresearchandorganizationalmarketing.Thisinturn indicates the benefaction rate of goods and services by consumers.Therefore,webelieveitappropriatetoidentify countedinvolvedcounter.findtheseproblemsencounteredbyourvariousorganizationsandsolutionstothembydesigningabidirectionalvisitor[3]Theprincipaltechniqueforcountingthevisitorshiringhumanauditorswhostoodandmanuallythenumberofvisitorswhoenteredorpassedbya certainlocation”.Thismethodofhumanauditingapplication or human based data collection was unreliable and was costly. For example, in circumstances where a massive amount of visitors arriving and leaving buildings such as conference rooms, law courts, libraries, malls, and sports venues,etc.,aregoingforhumanauditorstomanuallycount thenumberofvisitorswhichmayresultininaccuratedata collection.

Key Words: Bidirectional Visitor Counter, IR

1.2 Existing Method

In the present day, in which everything seems to be eitheranelectricalorelectroniccircuit,weseeimportance indevelopingcomplexcircuitstohaveahigherstandardof living.ThishasresultedinAutomationplayingamajorrole inourday to daylife.Furthermore,ithasbecomenecessary toemploywaystobesafebecauseoftheglobalpandemic whichhas endangereda lotoflives. This projecthelpsin maintainingthecrowdespeciallyincrowdedareaswhere chances of getting infected can be avoided. Electricity, a valuable resource, can be saved if used appropriately making use of what wehave its full potential. Security is andfactorsissuesthoughtanothermajorfactorthathasaffectedmostofourlives.Theofbeingsafereducesanxietyandothermentalwhichgreatlyaffectourbehavior.Henceallofthesehavebeentakenintoconsiderationwhiledesigningconstructingthisproject.[7]

Therefore, many organizations have tried to discover solutions to diminish the inaccuracy in traffic monitoring.Itisourintentiontodesignandconstructthis bidirectionalvisitorcounterwithmaximumefficiencyand makeitveryfeasibleforanyonewhowantstodesignand construct this project. Our main objective in this paper includesdesigningandconstructingavisitorcounterwhich willmakeacontroller basedmodelcountandcomputethe amountofvisitorsinabuildingata specificinterval.Itis alsoourobjectivethatthiscontrollerbasemodelbeepsa warning alarm when the capacity of the building is exceeded. Furthermore, features like light automation to conserve electricity and metal detection to strengthen securityhavebeenadded.Thispaperofferstheguaranteeof thehealthandsafetyoftheinhabitantsinabuildingatall timessincethevisitorsareassuredtrafficdecongestion.[4] This stratagem supports the reduction of burden on building facilities by instigation of security when the capacityofthebuildingisexceeded.Itgoesalongwayto assisttherescueteamorsecurityservicestocomeupwith strategicproceduresindealingwithemergencyissueslike people trapped in a structure as a result of hijacks or a collapsingUsually,building.weseethatthedesignandconstructionof everysingledevicecomeswithsomerestrictionsandours cannot be exclusion. In this paper, our device might calculate multiple people as one if they interrupt the infraredbeamatthesametimeinalineardirection.Hence, itissuggestedtobeinstalledatanarrowpathwayforcing theentry/exitofonepersonatatime.[5]“Anotherlimitation is the inability of sensor to differentiate between human beingandobjectsinterruptingtheIRsignal”. 1.1.Motivation

1:BlockDiagramoftheExistingSystem

The 2 pair of infrared (IR) which consist of a transmitter(TX)andareceiver(RX)ismountedfacetoface across the doorway. Both sensors are positioned at the entrance with the distance apart. This means upon the approach of a visitor the installed 2 pair sensors are triggered by the obstruction (direct incidence). The direction of the visitor is determined by which sensor is obstructedfirstbeforetheothersensorfollows.Ifsensor1 is interrupted first before sensor 2 is interrupted, it indicates that the visitor isentering. The visitor exits the premisesbyinterruptingthesensorinoppositedirection. Theoutputofthereceivercircuitsendshighorlowsignals inaformofvoltagetothemicrocontroller[6]

The existing scheme includes four main sections andcircuits.Theseincludethedetectionsection(IRSensor circuit),microcontrollersection,alertingsection(LCD), andpowersupplycircuit.Theblockdiagramisdisplayedin Figure

Source:https://core.ac.uk/pdf/234645128.pdf

Flowchartexactalsocontrolcommand,receivescomputationinstructionsTheprogrammedmicrocontrollerfollowsthesetof(Clanguage)writtenonit.Thetally(additionandsubtraction)isdonewhenitlowsignalsfromthetwoIRreceivers.ItisafterthiswhichthemicrocontrollerismadetosendsignalstotheotherI/Odevices.ThemicrocontrollersendsadatasignaltotheLCDtovisuallydisplaythenumberofvisitorsremaininginthebuilding.TheisaspresentedinFigure2.

Figure1.

International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e ISSN: 2395 0056 Volume: 09 Issue: 01 | Jan 2022 www.irjet.net p ISSN: 2395 0072 © 2021, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 7.529 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page713 Source:https://core.ac.uk/pdf/234645128.pdf 1.3 Proposed Approach Theplannedapproachhasfivemainsectionsand circuits. These include the power supply section, microcontroller section, sensor section (IR Sensors and Proximity Sensor), Alert section (LCD and buzzer), and Electrical devices (Bulb or Fan) to demonstrate light automation.TheblockdiagramisdisplayedinFigure3. Figure3:BlockDiagramoftheProposedSystem

Nowwhenatransitionensues,i.e.alogiclowlevel is acknowledged at port P1.0 then on P1.1, the compiler perceives this as a disruption to sense the passage of a person or an object between the IR LED and the phototransistor. As per the program, the count value is increasedimplyingthatsomeonehasenteredthebuilding andthiscountvalueisexhibited onthe LCD. Similarly, ifa transition takes place, i.e.,alogiclowlevelisreceivedatportP1.1thenonP1.0, the compiler sees this as an interruption to sense the passageofa ISDETECTED’ontheLCDScreen.. 1.3.1 Power Supply Section Therearemanytypesofpowersupply.Mostare designedtoconverthighvoltageACmainselectricitytoa suitablelowvoltagesupplyforelectroniccircuitsandother devices.[5]Apowersupplycanbedividedintoaseries of blocks, each performing a certain function. As we are altering230VACintoa5VDC,firstwerequirea step down transformer todecreasesuchhighvoltage. Rectification is themethodoferadicatingthenegativepartoftheAlternate accomplishedCurrent(AC),henceproducingthepartialDC.[8]Thiscanbebymeansof4diodes( Bridge Rectifier).The output subsequent to the Rectification process is not the appropriateDC,itisanoscillationoutputandhasexcessive ripplefactor.Suchapulsatingoutputisnotrequired;hence wemakeusageofaCapacitor.Thisisdonetoimplement Smoothing/Filtration.A voltage regulator IC 7805 isusedto deliveraregulated5VDC.Inputvoltageoughttobe2volts additionaltothatoftheratedoutputvoltagefortheproper working of IC, which means at least 7V is needed, even thoughitcanoperateinaninputvoltagerangeof7 20V.A typicalblockdiagramofthe5Vpowersupplyisshownin :TypicalBlockDiagramofthePowerSupply Source:https://slideplayer.com/slide/9230653/

found,appliacouldworkingonethisdecreasedphototransistor.personoranobjectbetweentheIRLEDandtheAspertheprogram,thecountvalueisimplyingthatsomeonehasleftthebuildingandvaluecountisdisplayedontheLCD.Ifthecountvalueisgreaterthan1i.e.,ifthereareormorepeopleintheroom,theelectricaldevicestartsindicatingtheHomeautomationfeaturewhichbeaccessedbyusingarelaytorunrealtimenceslikealightbulborafan.TheProximitySensordetectsanymetalobject,ifalertsthroughthebuzzerandindicatesamessage ‘METAL

Figure4.Figure4

Ifthecountvalueislargerthan1i.e.,ifthereare oneormorepeopleintheroom,theelectricaldevicestarts working indicating the Home automation feature which could be accessed by using a relay to run real time applianceslikealightbulborafan.Ifthecountvalueisa lesseramountthan5,agreenLEDglowsindicatingitissafe toentertheroom.Ifthecountexceeds5,aredLEDglows indicating that the room is getting crowded. If the count reachesthevalue10,awarningisgiventhroughthebuzzer indicatingthattoomanypeoplehaveenteredtheroom.[10]

This project describes an easy model for visitor counter without human intervention. By using the IR sensors,theIRreceivercandetecttheIRraysfromtheIR

When the system is powered on, the compiler initializesthestackpointerandallothervariables.Itthen scanstheinputports(PortP1.0firstthenPortP1.1).Inthe when there is no interruption between the IR LED and the phototransistor of the first sensor pair, the outputofthephototransistorisalwaysathighvoltage.

implementedishardwareperformancesoftwarethetransmitter,thenmicrocontrollerincrementsordecrementscountofvisitors.CircuitisimplementedintheKielandimplementedonthemicrocontroller.Thehasbeenverifiedbothinsoftwareanddesign.Thetotalcircuitiscompletelyverifiedandfunctional.Itcanbeconcludedthatthedesigninthepresentworkprovideportability,

Nowwhenachangeovertakesplace,i.e.alogiclow level is received at port P1.0 then on P1.1, the compiler perceives this as a disruption to sense the passage of a person or an object between the IR LED and the phototransistor. As per the program, the count value is increasedimplyingthatsomeonehasenteredthebuilding andthiscountvalueisexhibitedontheLCD.Similarly,ifa changeovertakesplace,i.e.alogiclowlevelisreceivedat port P1.1 then on P1.0, the compiler sees this as an interruptiontosensethepassageofapersonoranobject between the IR LED and the phototransistor. As per the program, the count value is decreased implying that someone has left the building and this value count is displayedontheLCD.[9]

TheProximitySensordetectsanymetalobject,if found,alertsthroughthebuzzerandindicatesamessage ‘METALISDETECTED’ontheLCDScreen. Aresetbuttonisalsoimplementedtoinitializethe circuittostate1ortheinitialstate. CONCLUSIONS

meantime,

[9] R.G.Vidhya,R.Saravanan,K.Rajalakshmi(2020),‘Mitosis Detectionfor Breast Cancer Grading’, International JournalofAdvancedScienceandTechnology.Vol.29,No. 3,pp.4478 4485.

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[8] U.Satheeshwaran,N.Sreekanth,J.Surendiran,”X RAYCT Reconstruction by using Spatially Non Homogeneous ICDOptimization”,InternationalJournalofEngineering andAdvancedTechnology(IJEAT)ISSN:2249 8958, Volume 8,Issue 6S3,September2019

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[6] D.Saravanan,J.Surendiran.”VideoDataRetrievalusing Image Color Histogram Technique”, International Journal of Engineering and Advanced Technology (IJEAT) ISSN: 2249 8958, Volume 8 Issue 6S3, September2019

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[7] S. P. Anandaraj, N. Kirubakaran, S. Ramesh, J. Surendiran,”EfficientWaytoDetectBoneCancerusing Image Segmentation”,International Journal of Engineering and Advanced Technology (IJEAT) ISSN: 2249 8958,Volume 8,Issue 6S3,September2019

[10] M.Niranjana Priyadharshini, S.Sathyadevi, R.G.vidhya (2018), ‘Unit Selection based Speech Synthesis using Consonant Vowel Units’, Jour of Adv Research in Dynamical & Control Systems,Vol.10,No.09,pp. 2708 2712(scopus).

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International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e ISSN: 2395 0056 Volume: 09 Issue: 01 | Jan 2022 www.irjet.net p ISSN: 2395 0072 © 2021, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 7.529 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page715 flexibility,andthedatatransmissionisalsocompletedwith lowpowerconsumption. REFERENCES