IRJET- Sustainable Remedies for Infrastructure Project Delays

International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET)

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Sustainable Remedies for Infrastructure Project Delays Aarti Sanjay Kamble1, Dr. A. W. Dhawale2 1PG

Student, JSPM’s Imperial College of Engineering and Research, Wagholi,Pune, Maharashtra, India.

Professor, JSPM’s Imperial College of Engineering and Research, Wagholi,Pune, Maharashtra, India.

---------------------------------------------------------------------***-------------------------------------------------------------------------Abstract - Nowadays, Delay is one of the biggest world judges us not just by the talent we love to offer but problems often experienced on infrastructure project also on the basis of our road infrastructure capabilities. sites. In India most of the projects are not completed Given this factor road infrastructure development has within time. Completion time is very essential in project been a key focus area in every Indian state more so in because "TIME IS MONEY" Any construction project the recent past. At the center as well big budgets have success can be realized by achieving its objective within been allocated for road infrastructure developments in the planned time, budget and level of quality. The aim of every five year plan. this project is to investigate the causes and effect of delay However the country has consistently fallen short of on infrastructure project and suggest some remedial meeting as such targets over the last few years. This measures. road projects have been invariably riddled with issue of The top five causes of construction delays are land time and cost overrun. With the objectives of finding acquisition, environmental impact of project, financial out the reasons of such schedule and cost overrun, problem, change order by client, poor site management, Ministry Of Statistics and Programme Implementations supervision by contractor. Large infrastructure project (MOSPI) recommended PMI to conduct a study in are inherently risky due to long planning consolation with KPMG to highlight the major reasons for the time and cost overruns across major sectors in Technology is often not Standard. Highway construction infrastructure projects. The project surveyed in this suffers from delay and cost over runs due to the following report are from nine sectors in the infrastructure space causes which are - traffic problems, changes in design, viz Power, Petroleum, Coal, Steel. Railways, Roads and poor planning, cost overruns, poor safety, and time delays.

Highways, Civil Aviation, Ports & Shipping It is known Our project work is based on Relative Importance Index fact that a large no of road infrastructure projects in (RII).

India have been delayed due to regulatory clearances, environmental issues and problems related to land Key Words: Sustainability, Time delay, Cost acquisition Almost 79% of our respondents felt that the overrun, Decision making, Uncertainty analysis, road infrastructure sectors faces an acute shortage of Time management, Delay management, etc. skilled project managers. In the twelfth five year plan, the government has planned to focus on improving the 1. INTRODUCTION project management skills across country to get better from public investment in road infrastructure and also Time is money - and that is particularly true on a in the social sectors. Delays are an integral part of any construction project. When construction projects don't construction project India being rapidly developing run on time the contractor suffers because his overhead country needs an equally rapidly developing and expenses increase (eating into profits), and the infrastructure also, Delay can lead to many Negative owner suffers because he cannot open his new effect such as lawsuits between owners and contractors, business on time, which causes lost profits that he could increased cost, loss of productivity and contract have been gaining So, keeping projects on their critical termination etc. Construction delay can be defined as path schedules very important. Construction projects extension of time to complete the project. It is a tend to be one-offs A project team comes together to situation when the actual progress of the project is create a unique development on a particular site under slower than the actual schedule Hence it is more circumstances that will never be repeated. They are necessary to study causes and effects of delay in the very complex, requiring the co-ordination of infrastructure projects and also suggest some remedial permissions, people, goods, plant and materials and measure for that. Since the delay in infrastructure construction can begin despite many unknown matters project affects the economy of any country is important such as incomplete design information, uncertain site for the projects to be completed within the budgeted conditions, suppliers and so on. Indian is one of the cost and time. leading outsourcing hubs in the world. However the 2Associate

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The focus of our project is to study the root causes of delay in road construction projects and also give some remedial measures to avoid the delay.It is needed to conduct detailed investigation and identification of delay factors and then selecting the right actions to counter theses delay factors within cost and maintaining quality.

The faults and errors due to the contractor cause delays and waste of capital and time Our study focuses on various factors causing the delays.

3.

In analyzing time and cost over of construction projects in India Ms.Yogita Honrad, Prof D.B Desai (June 2015) came out with the objective that some parties involved in the construction industries identified a total of 53 cases and 11 effects which are mainly affecting the delay in highway construction project. The research paper concluded that a listing of root causes & issues that are directly responsible for most infrastructure construction project delays. Additionally it is found that fundamental principles must be adopted before significant improvement can be made1.

1. To identify various causes of the delays 2. How unpredicted delays can cause delays resulting in delays of the total project.

3. The effects of the delays on the project.

S.M. Vidalis & F.T. Najafi (June 2002)- came out with the main objective that is to determine the types of delay that have caused cost and time overruns. Hence this research paper concluded that factors causing cost and time overruns are plans modifications chunge conditions, lack of project coordination, and design related problems. The study results indicated that to carefully examine cach construction contract to minimize delay2.

4. Study the causes and effects of the delays at various projects and to find out the most important causes.

2. OBJECTIVES Infrastructure projects are in some ways unique and different from real estate Projects Hence this study would state the causes of delays faced in Infrastructure Projects, and analyze them in detail.

Dr. Ralph D. Ellis & Dr. H. Randolph Thomas (July 2002)- the root causes of highway construction delay were identified by the researchers Their objective was the fundamental principles necessary for improving the time performance on highway construction are presented, And analysis of project records was performed to identify the reasons for adding time to construction projects. Therefore they concluded that the first step in reducing delay in highway construction is to understand the root cause of delay The results provide a listing of issues that are directly responsible for most highway construction delay3.

The main objectives of this project basically are: 1. To determine the common time and cost overruns in transportation infrastructure projects in Pune City.

2. To determine the different stages in the project life cycle and the salient causes of delays in each of the different stages.

There are 5 phases in project life cycle. They are as follows. 

Initiation of the Project.



Planning The Project Project Execution



IV Project control



Project Closure

S.K. Patil, A.K.Gupta, D. B. Desai, and A.S.Sajane (Nov 2013)-the main objectives of this study include the following to identify the causes of delays in construction industry in India. To test the importance of the canses of delay between parties involved in project. To way the differences in pereeption of the three major parties in any construction namely, owners, contractors and con t This study aims to investigate the important cses of delay in transportation infrastructure projects The remits revenled that the problem of construction delays in tramportation infrastructure projects is froquent and notable4.

3. To find out the main causes of delays prevalent in transportation infrastructure projects and to validate the causes through a case study

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LITERATURE REVIEW

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Abdalla M. Odeb& Hussein T. Battaineh (June 2002)the object of this research is to identify the major causes of delay in road construction industry & tone the relative importance of this couses for the traditional type of contract from the view pes construction contractors & consultants. They concluded according to contractoni, labour productivity was the most important delay fatut. Inadequate contractor experience. however was the most important delay factor to contents.

Moreover delays used by sub contractors, slow decision making by owners, improper planning & labour productivity were among the top 10 most important factors for delay5.

recommendations were proposed in order to minimize and control delays in road construction project. These findings can be helpful for project managers to mitigate the road construction delays in Egypt. Also this paper in useful for both researchers and road construction parties and allows detailed analysis of the progress of road construction project in order to facilitate and achieve a competitive level of time, cost and quality for effective road construction projects8.

Prof :Siddesh K Pai, Mr. J. Raj Bharat(March 2013)this paper deals with the causes which critically effect in delay of infrastructure projects indi. The delays and cost overrun i have become a hallmark of infrastructure projects in india A survey with different construction companies in india have been done to find out the critical reasons which are mainly affecting the delay of construction projects in india Hence this concluded that the first step in reducing the delays in infrastructure construction industry is to understand the root cause of the delay. The results provide a listing of root causes and issues that are directly responsible for most infrastructure construction project delay9.

Ibrahim Mahamid(2013) -this study aims at identifying the common raks affecting time overnin in road construction projects in the Wet Bank in Palestine from contractors vie point 45 factors that might cause delays of road construction projects were defined through a detailed literature review. A questionnaire survey was perfomed to rank the considered factors in terms of severity and frequency. The analysis of the survey indicated that the top risks affecting time overrun in road construction projects in Palestine are: financial status of contractors, payment delays by the owner, the political situation and segmentation of the West Bank, poor communication between construction parties, lack of equipment efficiency and high competition in bids6.

Ashwini Arun Salunkhe, Rahul S Patil (March 2013)the objective of this research is that to improve the performance of the project it is important to study the delay factors which affect the success of the project. The purpose of this study is to logically explore the delays factors of projects and how these can be avoided and controlled. With the help of detailed literature review and interviews the construction delay factors were grouped into 7 categories, which will give parameters that could have direct effect on the success of the project. Hence it is important to study and analyze the causes of construction delays, as the services provided by them serve input for other sectors and cost overrun m these projects lead to an increase in capital output nitio for the entire economy10.

Ashish Ram, Dr. Pratheeba Paul(Mar-Apr. 2015) this paper articulates to study about the delay causes and factors that contribute to the construction sequence delay for the road infrastructure projects and how one can predict the fature copletion date for the delayed project using kernel value me From the intricate atalysis of the questionnaire survey it has been found that delay in land acquisition is the major cause for delay in road infrastructure projects. By booking at the root cause for delay in the road construction the contractor can claim for extension of time EoT) if the delay is creusable. In case of any delays the EVM is found to be helpful in finding out the probable completion time for the projects7.

4. METHODOLOGY 1. Identification of research area

Remon F Aziz, Asman A. Abdel-Hakam(March 2016)- this paper studied a list of construction delay causes gathered from literature wine different types of construction different countries, different periods and different number of delay causes and delay groups. A case study is analyzed and compared to the most important delay causes in the paper. According to the analysis of the case study the most contributing cases and groups to delays were discussed and some future © 2021, IRJET

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

Discussion with the guide



Expert views



Books



Internet

2. Initial study  |

Aim & Objectives of project

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International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET)

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Volume: 08 Issue: 04 | Apr 2021

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

Ideal study for delay in road construction

2. Lack of experience to consultant



Identification of Topic

3. Conflict between consultants 4. Insufficient data collection and survey before design

3. Nature of Project 

Defining scope of project

5. Financial independence

4. RII (Relative Importance Index)

6. Inadequate contractor experience

Identify objective and Scope

7. Incompetent project team 8. Inappropriate construction methods 9. Poor site management and supervision

Required data identification

10. Intermittent stoppage of work due to cash flow constrains 11. Changes in material types and specifications during construction

Data collection

12. Design change by owner or his agents during construction

Literature Review

Questionnaire

13. Poor communication and coordination with other parties

Checklist

14. Delay in providing services from utilities (such as water, electricity) 15. Loss of time by traffic control and restriction at project site.

Data analysis

16. Delays resulting from neutral causes 17. Delays that are the fault of the client 18. Delays that are the fault of the contractor.

Results and Discussion

19. Concurrent delays 20. Is there trust, understanding & owner decision making authority among & between the owner & lead

Suggestions and Conclusion

21. Slowness in approving drawing & material samples by the consultant.

Fig. 1 Research Methodology Flow Chart 4.1 Review causes of delay

22. All design changes being identified & discussed with vendors & contractors

From literature reviewthere are 25 causes of delay in highway as well as bridge construction that are quite found in many researches summarized the basic items are:

23. Frequently unexpected modifications in specification of material during construction 24. Traffic control at site

1. Delay in assessing/evaluating major change in scope of work © 2021, IRJET

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Volume: 08 Issue: 04 | Apr 2021

p-ISSN: 2395-0072

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25. Changes in site conditions

[7]

From these 25 major causes of delay, this research investigated the top rank reason of delay based on data collection through the case study.

[8]

5. Discussion The research through literature reviews and discussion with some parties involved in the construction industry identified a total of 82 causes which are mainly effecting in the delay of road construction projects. A questionnaire was developed in order to evaluate the frequency of occurrence, severity and importance of the identified causes. Data were gathered through a survey taking in view owners. contractors and consultants. Agreement on the ranking of the importance of the causes of delay between each two groups of parties was also tested.

Recommendations for minimizing delay in construction projects are emphasized in view of the results of the study.

[9]

[10]

Asish Ram, Dr. Pratheeba Paul(Mar-Apr. 2015) "Study on Construction Sequence Delay for Road Infrastructure Projects" . Volume 12, Issue 2 Ver. W (Mar - Apr. 2015), PP 15-21.

Remon F Aziz, Asmaa A. Abdel-Hakam(March 2016) "A Model for Evaluation of Delays in Construction Projects" VoL 5, Issue 3, March 2016 Prof :Siddesh K Pai, Mr. J. Raj Bharat(March 2013) `Analysis of critical of delay in Indian infrastructure projects". Vol 2 issue 3.

MsafiriAtibu Seboru (May 2015) "An Investigation into Factors Causing Delays in Road construction Projects in Kenya". Vol. 3, No. 3, 2015, pp. 51-63.

REFERENCES [1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

[6]

Ms.Yogita llonrao, Prof DM Desai "Study of delay in execution of infrastructure projects llighway Construction", international journal of scientific and research publication, Volume 5. Issue 6 dune 2015.

S.M. Vidalis & F.T. Nnjafi "Cost and time overruns in highway construction-. Transportation specialty conference of the Canadian society for civil engg. , Issue 8 June 2002.

Dr. Ralph D. Ellis & Dr. H. Randolph Thomas "The root causes of Delays in highway construction" , transportation research board ,Washington 2003.

S.K. Patil, A.K.Gupta, D. B. Desai, and A.S.Sajane "Causes of delay in Indian transportation infrastructure project", International journal of research in engg. And technology, Volume 2, Issue 11 Nov. 2013 Abdalla M. Odeh & Hussein T.Battaineh "Causes of construction delay: traditional contracts."

International journal Project Management 20(2002) 67-73 Ibrahim Maliamid(2013) "Common Risks Affecting Time Overrun in Road Construction Projects in Palestine" 13 (2) 45-53.

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