M-sand

VOLUME: 08 ISSUE: 03 | MAR 2021 WWW.IRJET.NET E-ISSN: 2395-0056 P-ISSN: 2395-0072

common alkalineliquids usedin geo-polymerisation. Both sodiumhydroxidesandpotassiumhydroxidehaveastrong based and, at room temperature, exhibit almost identical solubilitiesinwater.Fromliteraturestudyitisfoundtobe the mechanical strength of mortar increases when water glass (Na2SiO3) is added to NaOH, compared with using onlyNaOH.TheadditionofwaterglassincreasestheSi/Al and Na/Al ratios, resulting in increased formation of N-AS-H(sodiumalumina-silicatesgel)whichindicatesgreater strength . The compressive strength of fly ash based geopolymerconcretecanbeimprovedbyeitherincreasing the concentration (in molar terms) of the sodium hydroxide solution or increasing the mass ratio of the sodium silicate to sodium hydroxide solutions. Currently fly ash based geo-polymer concrete has proven to be a suitable replacement for cement concrete due to their excellentengineeringproperties.

2.1Geo Polymer Concrete:

Geo polymer concrete is a type of inorganic polymer composite, which has recently emerged as a prospective binding material based on novel utilization of engineering materials. Ithasthepotentialtoformasubstantialelement an environmentally sustainable construction industry by replacing/supplementing the conventional concretes. GPC can be designed as high strength concrete with god resistance to chloride penetration, acid attack, sulphate attack, etc. The geo-polymeric concretes are commonly formed by alkali activation of industrial alumina silicate waste materials such as fly ash (FA) and ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBS), and have very small footprints of greenhouse gases when compared to traditional concretes. Because of possible realization of even superior chemical and mechanical properties compared to ordinary Portland cement (OPC) based concretemixesandhighercosteffectiveness.

2.2. Need of Geo polymer Concrete:

To produces environmental friendly concrete, we have to replacethecementwithsomeotherbinderswhichshould not create any bad effect on environment. The se of industrial by products as binders can reduce the problem. In this respect, the new technology geo-polymer concrete is a promising technique. In terms of reducing the global warming,thegeo-polymertechnologycoldreducetheCO2 emission to the atmosphere caused by cement and aggregate industries by about 80% and also the proper usage of industrial wastes can reduce the problem of disposingthewasteproductsintotheatmosphere

2.3. The Schematic Formation of Geopolymer Concrete

The reaction of fly-ash with an aqueous solution containing sodium hydroxide and sodium silicate in their mass ratio, results in a material with three dimensional polymeric chain and ring structure consisting of Si-O-Al-O bonds,asfollows:

Mn [-(SiO2) z-AlO2] N. WH2O

Where M is a mono valentcation such as potassium or sodium,thesymbol–indicatesthepresenceofabond,nis thedegreeofpoly-condensationorpolymerisationandzis 1,2,3orhigh.

Results from this study and from studies by others referenced in this introduction showed that there are advantage to concrete when granite powder is used to partially replace m-sand in the concrete mix. The benefits of using granite powder as partial replacement of m-sand not only can enhance strength but also preserve the natural resources of m-sand and also keeps these powder particlesfrombeingairborneintotheatmospherecausing healthhazardtohumans,inparticularchildren

III. Research Significance:

Granite powder by-products resulting from the granite stone crushing and polishing respectively .These byproducts can be used as partial replacement of m-sand in concrete. When used in certain proportions, granite powderhaveshowntoincreasethecompressivestrength, splitting tensile strength of concrete. The experimental research conducted in this study showed the mechanical properties of concrete have improved when granite powder were used as partial replacement of m-sand in specified percentages. In addition, the use of these powders as a partial replacement of m-sand will reduce the consumption of m-sand in the construction industry thuspreservingmoreofthesenaturalresources.Recycling of these by-products and using them in concrete will reduce their health hazards and their impact on the environment.