IRJET- Solid Waste Collection and Transportation Monitoring and Management using ZIGBEE and GSM

International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) Volume: 07 Issue: 09 | Sep 2020 www.irjet.net

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SOLIDIWASTEICOLLECTIONIANDITRANSPORTATIONIMONITORINGIANDIMANAGEM ENT USING ZIGBEE AND GSM Mrs. V. Jayasudha1, Mrs. B. Arulmozhi2, Mrs. K. Ayesha3 *1Research

Scholar Department of Computer Science, D.K.M College for Women (Autonomous), Vellore.

Tamilnadu, India. *2,*3Assistant Professor, Department of Computer Science, D.K.M College for Women (Autonomous), Vellore.

Tamilnadu, India.

----------------------------------------------------------------------------***-------------------------------------------------------------------------Abstract:iNowadays,iIndianigovernment’sipurposeiisitoicreateismarticities.iForithat,imostichallengingiproblemiisiwasteimanag ementiforimunicipals,iwhichiareifacingiseriousipollutioniproblemidueitoitheihugeiquantitiesiofiwaste.iIfisolidiwasteiisinotihandl ediproperlyiitimayicreateilotsimanyiproblemsirelateditoihumanihealthiandienvironment.iTherefore,ithereiisiainecessityiofiaisyst emiwhichiprovidesiinformationiaboutifillingiofigarbageilevelioritheibin.iSoithat,imunicipalityicanicollectitheiwasteifromibinibef oreioverflowingiandihelpsitoimaintainitheclean.iThisipaperipresentsibriefireviewionitechnologyilikeiZigbee,iGSMietc.iwhichienab lesitoimonitoriofigarbageibiniinirealitimeiandiwilliinformitoiauthorizedipersoniwhenitheigarbageibiniisiaboutitoifill.iForipractic aliandiperfectisolidiwasteicollectionianditransportationimonitoringiandimanagementitheseitechnologiesiareigoodienoughitoiens ureiforigreenerienvironment.i Keywords— SmartigarbageiBin, ismarticities, isolidiwasteimanagement, izigibee.i I.iINTRODUCTIONi Atithisipresentisituationitheivolumeiofiproductioniofimunicipalisolidiwasteiisicontinuouslyiincreasingiativeryifastidueitoiinc reaseiinipopulation,iindustrializationiandichangeiinihabitiandilifeistyleiofiurbanipopulationi[1].iTheisolidiwasteiisiconsideria sihousehold’sirefusaliandiwasteifromiindustrial,icommercialiareinonhazardousisolidiwasteiandiinstitutionilikeihospitals,ima rketiwaste,iyardiwasteiandistreetisweepings.iThisiwasteithrowniintoimunicipalibinsioriwasteicollectionicentresiandithenibyi collectingiallithatiwasteiitiisidumpiintoidumpingiareasiorithrowniintoitheilandfills.iHowever,ieitheridueitoilackiofiresourceio rideficiencyiinfrastructureiandiotherifacilities,iit’sibeingicriticalitoicollectialliwasteianditransportitoitheifinalidumpingiplaces .iIfitheimanagementiandicategorizationiofitheiwasteiisinotidoneiproperlyiatithisistage,iiticanicauseiseriousiimpactsionihuma nihealthianditheiproblemsitoitheisurroundingienvironmentiandibecomesiunhygienic.iTheimainiproblemsiofitheiexistingisoli diwasteicollectionianditransportationiprocessiandimanagementisystemiareiLackiofitheiproperisystemiforimonitoringitheitru cks,itrashibins,irickshawsiandihousesiandiLackiofiinformationirelateditoicollectionitimeiandiarea.iDueitoithisiaiconsiderablei amountiofitheitotalisolidimanagementibudgetiisiexhaustedioniwasteicollectionianditransportation.Throughitheilargeinumbe rsiofiresearchihaveibeenidoneionidifferentiaspectiofisolidiwasteimanagement,ibutifromithemifewiworksihaveibeenidoneioni binimonitoring.iSomeiresearchersidiscussediabout,iGeographiciPositioningiSystemi(GPS),iRadioiFrequencyiIdentificationi(RF ID),itransportationimodel,iwasteicollectioniwithibinimonitoringiapplicationi[2].iInithatiresearchersicollectedibinidataiusingi GSM/GPRSicommunicationifromitheibinitoitheiserver,iwhichiincludesiGSM/GPRSiconnectivityitoieachibinicausingiailargeiinc reaseiofioperatingicost.iTheiproposedisystemiuseiwirelessisensorinetworkiandicanirespondiasisomeoneithrowiwasteiinsidei aibin.iTheipurposeiofithisiworkiisitoidesigniaiframeiworkithaticanicollectidataionibinistatusiinirealitimeiwhichiiniturnihelpsi toioptimizeiwasteicollectionirouteiresultingireducedioperation.Structureiofithisipaperiisiasifollows:iSectioniIIiillustrateitheig eneralizedisystemiarchitectureiofirealitimeismartiwasteimanagementisystem.iProposedimodeliforiwasteimanagementisyste miisishowniiniSectioniIII.iSectioniIVioutlinesidifferentitechnologyiuseditoibuildioverallisystem.iSectioniVihighlightsitheialgor ithm.iSectioniVIipresentsitheiresults.i A.iSystemiArchitecturei Figishowsitheiframeworkiofisystemiinifig.i1.iHavingithreeistages.iFromitheileft,ifirstistageiisicomposedibyiwasteibiniequippe diwithisensor.iSecondistageiisiaicommunicationimoduleiandithirdistageiisicontrolistationiwhichiprovideidataistorageiandico ntrollingiactions.i

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Fig.i1.iFrameworkiofitheiSystemi 1) TheiSmartiBin:iSensorinodeiisimountedionitheibinithaticomposeditheismartibin.iUltrasonicisensorsiareiusediforilevelim easurementiofigarbageiinitheibin.iSensorsisentitheimeasuredidataitoitheigatewayithroughiZigiBeeicommunication.i[3]i 2) Gateway:iTheistatusiofibiniisisenditoitheicontrolistationithroughitheigateway.iTheigatewayipassesitheidataiandialsoistor esitoiitsiownilocalidatabaseiatitheicontrolistationi[6].i TheiuseiofitheiIndustrialiScientificiandiMedicali(ISM)ibandsieliminateitheineediofitelephoneioperatoribyiusingidifferentimet hodiofiwirelessicommunication,iThisisolutionireducesi50%icosti[7].i 3) ControliStation:iItireceivesirealitimeidataijustilikeiwasteileveliiniaibinithroughigatewayiandithenisavediinidatabase.iItico ntainsitheicentraliserveriwhichihostsitheidatabase.iForibinistatusimonitoringiandioperatoriinteractioniwithitheisystemii tihavingitheiwebibasediuseriinterface.iFurtheritheseidataicanibeiusedibyicontrolistationitoifeediprogramsilikeioptimizat ionienginesiandiroutingiandischedulingiapplications.i[6]i IB.iIntegratediTechnologyi

Fig.i2.iBlockidiagramiforiproposedisystemimodeli A. Sensorsi Toidetectitheigarbageileveliofibiniultrasonicisensorsiareiused.iItiisipreciseitoidetectismalliobjectsialso.i Ititransmititheisoundiwaveiatitheispecificifrequencyionitheiobjectiandiafteribouncingireceivesiback.iTheniiticalculateitheitim eiperiodiforitransmittingiandireceivingitheisoundiwaveiandiwithitheihelpiofithatiitiisipossibleitoimeasuresitheidistanceibet weenisensorsianditheiobject.iTheispeediofisoundiinitheiairiisiabouti344im/sithatiisi1129ift/s,itoifinditheitotaliroundtripidistanceiofitheisoundiwaveimultiplyibyi344imetersitoithatitakenitime.iAssumingitheialliparametersiandirequirement,ifo rilevelidetectioniiticanibeiimplemented.iHCi–

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SR04iisimostlyiusediultrasonicisensorimoduleiwhichicanibeidetectilevelirangingifromi2cmitoi4m.iItioperateiatifrequencyiofi 40ikHz.i B. Zigibeei ZigiBeeiisianiIEEEi802.15.4-basedispecificationiforiaisuiteiofihighlevelicommunicationiprotocolsiuseditoicreateipersonaliareainetworksiwithismall,ilowpoweridigitaliradios,isuchiasiforihomeiautomation,imedicalideviceidataicollection,iandiotherilow-powerilowbandwidthineeds,idesignediforismalliscaleiprojectsiwhichineediwirelessiconnection.iHence,iZigiBeeiisiailowpower,ilowidatairate,iandicloseiproximityi(i.e.,ipersonaliarea)iwirelessiadihocinetwork.iItihasidefinedirateiofi250ikbps.i TheisoftwareiXCTUidevelopedibyiDigitiInternationaliuseditoiconfigurationiofiZigbeeiandihasimanyifeatures.iItiisitheilowipowericonsumptio nidevice,iandidependingiuponiitsioutputipoweriandiotherienvironmentalicharacteristicsiititransmitsitheidataioveritheidistan cei10– 100imetersisight.iItiisialsoicapableitoitransmititheidataioveriailongidistanceiwithitheihelpiofimeshinetworkiofiintermediatei devices.i C. GSMi GSMiwasiintendeditoibeiaisecureiwirelessisystem.iForitheiauthenticationiofiuseriandicommunicationiviaismsiitiisitoibeiused. iAlsoiuseditoicommunicateiwithiauthorizedipersonitoiprovideistatusiofibinithatiisihoeiitiisifilled?iOnitheibasisiofibiniIDiandi locationiaddressiiticanicommunicateiviaitextimassage.iHenceiparticularipersonicanicollectiwasteifromiinformediaddress.iFor itwoiwayicommunicationiGSMimoduleicanialsoibeiused.iIficleaningiisinotiproperlyidoneiofiwasteibinithenipeopleicanimakeit heicomplaintionitheseinumberiaticorporateioffice.i SIM900Aiisilowipowerediultracompact,iwirelessimoduleiandimanufacturedibyicompanyiSIMCom.iSIM900Aiworkionifrequencyi900/1800iMHziWithitheihe lpiofiRS232iitiisiinterfaceditoitheimicrocontroller.iTheibaudiratei960011520iofimoduleiconfigurableifromithroughiATicommandiinstruction.i D. Microcontrolleri Arduino/GenuinoiUnoiisiaimicrocontrolleriboardibasedionitheiATmega328P.iItihasi14idigitaliinput/outputipinsi(ofiwhichi6i canibeiusediasiPWMioutputs),i6ianalogiinputs,ioneiUARTiforiserialicommunication,i16iMHziquartzicrystal,iaiUSBiconnection ,iaipowerijack,ianiICSPiheaderiandiairesetibutton.iIticontainsiallithatithingsiwhichiareineededitoisupportitheimicrocontroller .iByiusingiaiUSBicableiweicaniconnectiit.iAniAC-to-DCiadapterioribatteryiprovidesitheipoweriforistartingiup.i Inithisiapplication,idataireceptionii.e.ileveliofigarbageiinibiniisinotitooisensitiveithereforeiitiisiprogrammediinisuchiaiwayith atiitiwouldicontrolitheiwastingipower.iFirstiofialliiticanicalculateidepthiofitheibiniandisetimultipleithresholdilevelisayiasi25,i 50,i75,iandi90ipercent.iTheisensoricanisenseileveliofiwasteiaftericertainiperiodiofitimeithaticanibeiallowsitheimicrocontrolle r.iBecauseiofiperiodicimonitoringitheibiniitiwillisavingitheiwastedienergyithroughisensors.iThereforeitheisensorsiwillibeiacti vatedionlyiafterispecificiintervalsiofitime.iIfipredeterminedithresholdileveliisilesserithanisensedilevelithenitheidataiwillibeisenditoicontrolistationithroughiZigibeeinetwork.i Thereforeithisimoduleicanibeiusefuliforianyisizeiofibiniwhoseidepthiliesiwithinithisisensorirange.i II.iALGORITHMi A)iAtigarbageibini1)iStart.i 2) Initializeisetup,iCalculateidepth(X)iofibiniandisetimultipleithresholdilevel.i 3) Setiflagifi=i0i 4) Checkirealitimeilevelii.e.ifulfilmentiofigarbageiinibiniandiflagistatus.i5)iIfileveli>i50%iofiXiandifi=i0ithenisendinotificatio nitoicontrolistation,iincreaseiflagibyi1iandigoitoistepid.i

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6) Ifileveli>i70%iofiXiandifi=i1ithenisendinotificationitoicontrolistation,iincreaseiflagibyi1iandigoitoistepid.i 7) Ifileveli>i90%iofiXiandifi=i2ithenisendinotificationitoicontrolistationielseigoitoistepid.i8)iStop.i 9)

Start.i

10) Initializeisetup.i 11) Receiveiavailableidata,isendiititoicomputer.i 12) Sortidataicomingifromidifferentibins.i 13) Displayilevelicorrespondingitoieachibinionigraphiciuseriinterface.i 14) Checkibinistatus.i 15) IfibiniisifullitheniAlarmiandisendidetailsiofirespectiveibiniviaiSMS.iGoitoif.i 16) Stop.i III. RESULTiANDiDISCUSSIONi Thisimodelioritechnologyiisiveryipreciseiforisolidiwasteimanagementiandimonitoringisystem.iAndiitihasibeenisuccessfullyii mplemented.iCommunicationibetweenioneicontrolistationianditwoiremoteinodeiisidoneiwithitheihelpiofiZigbee.iForireprese ntingirealitimeibinileveliinitheigraphicaliformiweiusedimatlabisoftwareiandiGUIiwasicreatediiniit.iFig.i3iandifig.i4ishowsithe ihardwareiforibini(sensorinode)iandicontrolistation.iControlistationireceivesitheiinformationiaboutibinilevelifromiremoteino de.i Fig.i5ishowsitheiGUIiwhichiindicatesirealitimeigarbageileveliatiremoteibin.iThatiisibuiltiinimatlabisoftware.i WeicanimonitoritheiprotocolifromicontrolistationibyiusingiXCTUisoftware.iWeicanialsoiformedithreeinodeinetworkiofiRoute r(R)i-iCoordinatori(C)iiEndidevicei(E)iasishowniinifig.6iWhereiqualityibetweenithemiisirepresentedisuchiasigreenilinkishowsistrongiqualityi(RC)iandigrayilinkishowsiweekiquality(CE).iHenceipractically,iinicaseiofianyilinkiininetworkiisibroken,icontrolistationiawareiofithis.i

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i Fig.i3.iHar dwareiatibini

i

iFig. i4 .iHardwareiaticontrolistation

i

i Fig.i5iGUIiforiwasteigarbageibinilevelimonitoring

i

i

Fig.i6iNetworkiMonitoringiandioverallilinkiqualityiIndicatori(LQI)i IV. FUTUREiSCOPEi Foriaifutureipointiofiviewiwebiservericanialsoibuildiforieffectiveigraphiciuseriinterfaceiofiaisystemiandicontrollingiaction.iAl libinsiareiconfigureiwithiGPRSienablediembeddedisystem.iAndiinformationiisitransmittedifromibinsitoitheicentraliserver.iIti canistoreiallinecessaryiinformationisuchiasirecordiofibinilevelihistory,ihowimanyitimesivehiclesicollectitheigarbageietc.iThu sibasedioniprediction,ithroughiaccumulationiofidataioniamountibinileveliitienableioptimizationiofinumberiofivehiclesiused.i Alsoisomeiapplicationiforismartphoneiwillibeideveloped,iwhichiisiusefuliforicitizensisoitheyicanireportitoimunicipalioffice.i Wheniallisuchiaitechnologyiintegrateditogetheriainewiwayiofiwasteimanagementisystemiemerges.iThisiwillihelpitoireduceit heiamountiofigarbageiinicityiandihelpsitoimaintainicleanienvironment.i

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V. Conclusion RegardingitoimanagementiofiSolidiWasteiweihaveiexaminedidifferentitechnologyibutitheiaimiofialliofithemiareisame.iInithat itechnologiesidifferentitypesiofisensorsiareiusedisuchiasiloadisensor,iIRisensor,ietc.iButiultrasonicisensorsigivesiaccurateilev elimonitoring.iInisomeitechnologyiGPSiareialsoiimplementedibutipositioniofibinsiareifixedisoiitimayibecomeiexpensive,isoii nsteadiofiusingiGPSiweicaniinformitheistatusibyisendingitheimassageibyiusingiGSMiaticontrolistations.iHere,iweiusediZigbe eiProimoduleitoicommunicateitheiserveriroomioverilongeridistancesiandicanigiveirealitimeistatusiofibin.i References [1]

D.iHoornweg,iandiP.iBhada-Tata,iTheiWorldiBank:iWhatiaiWaste, AiGlobaliReviewiofiSolidiWasteiManagement,iUrbaniDevelopmenti&iLocaliGovernmentiUnit,iWorldiBanki,i1818iHiStree, NW,iWashington,iDCi20433iUSA,i2012.iJ.iClerkiMaxwell,iAiTreatiseioniElectricityiandiMagnetism,i3rdied.,ivol.i2.iOxford: iClarendon,i1892,ipp.68–73.i

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M.iArebey,iM.iHannan,iH.iBasri,iandiH.iAbdullah,i"SolidiwasteimonitoringiandimanagementiusingiRFID,iGISiandiGSM."ip p.i37-40,i2009K.iElissa,i“Titleiofipaperiifiknown,”iunpublished.i

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