IRJET- Image Thresholding based Secured Electronic Smart Voting Machine with Raspberry PI

International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET)

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Volume: 07 Issue: 04 | Apr 2020

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IMAGE THRESHOLDING BASED SECURED ELECTRONIC SMART VOTING MACHINE WITH RASPBERRY PI Madhula Chandana.M1, Pavithra.M2, Nadhiya.M3, Sabitha.V4 1,2,3 UG

Student , Dept. of Information Technology, Jeppiaar SRR Engineering College, Tamil Nadu, India professor, Dept. of Information Technology, Jeppiaar SRR Engineering College, Tamil Nadu, India ---------------------------------------------------------------------***---------------------------------------------------------------------4Assitant

Abstract - To make an electronic democratic machine that will assist with killing duping of the manual democratic framework and earlier forms of electronic democratic by utilizing Raspberry Pi. To guarantee the unwavering quality of the gadget with incorporate the unique mark sensor confirmation. Every voter is gone into the framework simply subsequent to being perceived and checked with the given information base of enroll voters, when the comparing unique mark is coordinated. The voter will be permitted to continue for picking their favored applicant from the board of catches.

The last vote is then shown onto a LCD for the fulfillment of voters.

1. INTRODUCTION

Casting a ballot is done to communicate a conclusion or to settle on an aggregate choice. In a nation, government is chosen by methods for casting a ballot. In the good 'ol days the voters used to make their choice by utilizing paper, punch card, mechanical switch and optical can machine. It later got developed from that customary democratic framework to utilizing electronic democratic machines. The conventional framework likewise had issues about precision, adaptability, protection, undeniable nature, security. The electronic democratic framework beats each one of those issues. In this way, at present the electronic democratic framework is being utilized in India. This framework has an electronic democratic machine, which can be arrangement at any democratic focus. This machine will approach the aadhaar database of the considerable number of voters in India. The client can confirm by utilizing aadhaar card number and unique finger impression recognition. After the face recognition will distinguish our face and match with unique mark we there the both are coordinate with the database the voter has the capacity to cast a ballot.

Administrator can embed, refresh and erase the data of applicant of appointment of any city or any ward. The voter's ward data will be coordinated with applicant's database and the coordinating wards up-and-comer rundown will be shown in plain view. The voter can cast a ballot to any upand-comer from that rundown.

2. RELATED WORK Standard constituent frameworks, for instance, paper balloting forms, switch casting a ballot hardware, punched cards, GSM versatile good surveying arrange, and then forth., have varied downsides to handle. Use biometric techniques Š 2020, IRJET

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in [1] to accomplish safer and more and more versatile observing, we will get the outcomes faster and previous.

Details were delineate in [2] relying upon item structure.

Few square measure aforementioned to be the enduring battery control-unit, less advanced and fewer costly components, and so on., At that time the management unit have to be compelled to be promptly accessible to boot the contraption Voters have to be compelled to have one in every of the switches, for instance, Aadhaar board, dish board, and so on. Within the 1st place, the RFID tag is used The RFID tag incorporates a pair of large items of the electrical device that square measure a bit bureau comprising of mensuration data. The electrical device is encompassed by the receiving wire used to move vitality to the electrical device to pass gathered data the RFID per user to examine whether or not the Unique finger impression scanner used for the RFID identifies thereupon to attain a lot of noteworthy eudaemonia, the creator utilizes a specific strategy, the hash code is created and utilize each hands ' hands and therefore the hash secret phrase created includes a 13-digit image which will be place as an identical identification. Esteem, the actual item Focuses square measure determined. The observation organize starts when the primary stage on top of approaches the EVM catch to enter their democratic. The authorized vaults square measure found in EVM throughout the constituent making ready and term of enlistment organize, which are biometrically ensured [5] discloses a way to be part of the In [6],[7] the connected focus is basically on [8] to contemplate to utilize Raspberry Pi three to deliver trial we tend to used raspberry pi three in our execution and as a general rule, functionalities, for instance, image catch qualities square measure inserted with proficiency in choices that register the image of people [9],[10].The idea driving the surveying or casting a ballot and to accomplish zero resistance for deception and This paper thus offers would like. The essential objective and motivation behind the projected arrange is to possess a sheltered, secure and keen mensuration machine with pleasant.

3. PROPOSED SYSTEM The Proposed Framework is biometric unique finger impression, face recognition and recoginition. The framework gives the adaptability to cast a ballot from anyplace in India, where voter can cast a ballot from any credible democratic corner. While coordinating the unique mark client needs to filter the finger through optical sensor

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International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET)

e-ISSN: 2395-0056

Volume: 07 Issue: 04 | Apr 2020

p-ISSN: 2395-0072

www.irjet.net

and framework will produce a format of the finger. At that point it will contrast it and formats of the unique mark library in the focal database. In this procedure, the framework will contrast the live finger and explicit layout assigned in the Module and in explicit cases the system will look the entire unique mark library for the coordinating finger. In the two circumstances, framework will restore the coordinating outcome, regardless of whether it is achievement or failure. After that the camera will recognize the face of the client toward all path and match with the database alongside the unique finger impression we there the both are coordinate with the voter database When every one of these conditions are fulfilled the following Presently as the voter is legitimate he/she can make his choice. He/she simply need to choose the locale in which he has a place then he/she is mentioned to make his choice. After this the vote check and status of the voter is refreshed in the database and a solicitation is send to database to impair the voter in order to keep away from the bogus votes. Finally the message will be sended to the voter telephone as casted a ballot succesfully.

4. METHODOLOGY The System architecture is designed with three modules such as fingerprint reconigation, face reconigation, sms notification.

4.1 RASBERRY PI Raspberry Pi may be a very little single-board computer created in kingdom by Raspberry Pi institution to advance the instructing of code engineering in colleges and in making countries. Original model become signally additional farfamed than foretold fixing outside of its objective market, for utilizations, as an example, robots. Model B Force Supply To build the B progressively dependable and extremely decrease this draw, the force offer is completely redesigned.There'still now the microUSB jack on the left, and also the 1A meld has been rapt up to a 2A intertwine. There is to boot a DMG2305UX P-Channel MOSFET. This goes regarding as Associate in Nursing extremity insurance switch but may be a heap of lower 'drop-out' than a diode.

It’s simply 52mW opposition thus @ 2A its regarding zero.1V drop. Most diodes would be in any event zero.5V.Watch this unbelievable video regarding this technique here: To the privilege may be a security TVS diode that shields from overvoltages. Thus not a good deal has modified here.

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4.1.1 ARICTECTURE The processor at the core of the Raspberry Pi framework could be a Broadcom BCM2837 framework on-chip (SoC) interactive media processor. This means out and away most of the framework's segments, as well as its focal and illustrations handling units aboard the sound and correspondences instrumentality, made-up onto that solitary phase coated up beneath the 256 MB microchip at the concentration of the board. It’s not merely this SoC structure that produces the BCM2837 distinctive to the processor found in your work space or computer, in any case. It to boot utilizes associate alternate steerage set style (ISA), called ARM. The BCM2837 SoC, placed beneath a Hynix micro chip Created by Oak seed PCs back within the late Nineteen Eighties, the ARM engineering could be a moderately extraordinary sight wherever it exceeds expectations, in any case, is in cell phones: the phone in your pocket a lot of possible than not has at any rate one ARM-based handling Its mix of a basic diminished steerage set (RISC) style and low force draw choose it the best call over work space chips with high force requests and sophisticated The ARM-based BCM2837 is that the mystery of however the Raspberry Pi will work on merely the 5V 1A power provide gave by the put in miniaturized scale USB port. It's to boot the motivation behind why you will not discover any heat sinks on the gadget: the chip's low force draw lawfully converts into next to no waste heat, in any event, throughout confused

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making ready errands. It does, in any case, imply that the Raspberry Pi is not excellent with customary computer programming. Thus, it will not run on the ARM-based Raspberry Pi. The BCM2837 utilizes associate age of ARM's processor configuration called ARM11, that so is planned around a rendition of the steerage set style called ARMv6.

This deserves recollecting: ARMv6 could be a light-weight and unbelievable style, but has associate opponent within the any developed ARMv7 engineering utilized by the ARM Cortex cluster of processors. Programming made for ARMv7, kind of like programming created for x86, is sadly not excellent with the Raspberry Pi's BCM2837—despite the actual fact that designers will for the foremost this is not to imply that you just are going to be confined in your selections. Right now, to boot puzzle out a way to create your own product for the Pi in spite of whether or not you've got no involvement in programming

fingerprints in the database system. Only when the fingerprint matches with any of the fingerprints in the database system, the voter is allowed to cast his vote, access is granted.

4.3 FACE RECONIGATION

4.2 FINGERPRINT RECONIGATION

Initially, the fingerprints of the voters are captured and stored in the database against their respective voter identity card numbers. The fingerprints are stored are stored in the form of a code in the database stream. The scanner does not scan the whole of the finger but a part of the finger once it gets the desired information. Once the data is saved, at the time of voting, once the voter provides his fingerprints on the scanner, the scanner only compares with stored Š 2020, IRJET

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Webcams are usually little cameras that sit on a table, attach to a user's monitor, or designed into the hardware. Webcams are often used throughout a video chat session involving 2 or additional folks, with conversations that embrace live audio and video. For example, Apple's inSight camera, that is constructed into Apple laptops, iMacs and variety of iPhones, are often used for video chat sessions, victimization the iChat instant electronic communication Webcam code allows users to record a video or stream the video on the web. As video streaming over the web needs loads of information measure, such streams sometimes use compressed formats. The maximum resolution of a digital camera is additionally not up to most hand-held video cameras, as higher resolutions would be reduced throughout transmission. The lower resolution allows webcams to be comparatively cheap compared to most video cameras, however the impact is adequate for video chat sessions

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International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET)

e-ISSN: 2395-0056

Volume: 07 Issue: 04 | Apr 2020

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www.irjet.net 6. RESULT AND DISCUSSION

4.4 SMS NOTIFICATION SMS notifications are text messages that are sent once an occurrence happens. An event, during this case, will talk over with one thing as exciting as Associate in Nursing app update to one thing as pressing as a weather alert SMS stands for “Short Message Service.” SMS notifications are sent constant method as the other text message. Usually, they’re restricted to one hundred sixty characters. With our enlarged electronic communication feature, however, you'll send SMS notifications that are up to 306 characters long.

5. HAAR CASCADE FONTAL FACE Algorithm Haar Cascade may be a machine learning object detection rule accustomed determine objects in a picture or video and supported the conception of options projected by Paul Viola and It is a machine learning primarily based approach wherever a cascade perform is trained from plenty of positive and negative pictures. It is then accustomed find objects in alternative pictures. A Haar Cascade relies on “Haar Wavelets” that Wikipedia defines as A sequence of rescaled “square-shaped” functions that along type a riffle family or basis. It is supported the Haar riffle technique to investigate pixels within the image into squares by perform.

This uses machine learning techniques to induce a high degree of accuracy from what's referred to as “training data”.

This uses “integral image” ideas to calculate the “features” detected. Haar Cascades use the Adaboost learning rule that selects a little range of vital options from an outsized set to allow Associate in Nursing economical results of classifiers.

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Fig 3: Hardware prototype of fingerprint and face reconigzation 7. CONCLUSION As we have a tendency to see that existing electoral system has several defects like extended method, time taking, not secure, bastard vote, no security level however currently we will approach is additional helpful and secure from the present system. Since, we have a tendency to are mistreatment 3 level of security during this projected system the false voters are often simply known. The initial step is finger print regeneration from the adder card, second step facial authentication technique is incredibly abundant helpful in distinctive the fraud voters mistreatment addaar card and thirdstep is sms notification to connected within the addaar card signaling, thus we will avoid the bastard votes throughout commission. As each operation is performed , it's one-time investment for presidency. As information is hold on in centralized repository thus, information is accessible at any time furthermore as backup of the information is feasible. Smart electoral system provides updated result at every and each minute.

8. REFERENCES [1] Sarga Ajithan1, Sradha Mary Jose2, Sarath Krishna K3, Sonu Simon 4, Juby Jose 5, Bineesh M6 1,2,3,4,5 B. tech Final Year Students, Computer Science Department, Jyothi Engineering College 6 Asst. Professor, Dept. of Computer Science and Engineering, Jyothi Engineering college, Kerala, India: A Novel and Secure Methodology for Voting using Encryption and Biometric Authentication (International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET)) (4, April 2017)

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e-ISSN: 2395-0056

Volume: 07 Issue: 04 | Apr 2020

p-ISSN: 2395-0072

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[2] Prof. D. A Meshram1 Magdum Komal A2 Pisal Pooja P3 Gund Shrikant V4 Wagh Ruchira S5 (Dept. Of Information Technology RMDSSOE Warje Pune, Maharastra India): Online Voting System Using Android Application (International Journal of Advance Research in Computer Science and Management Studies) (2, February 2015).

[3] Rakesh S Raj, Raghavendra A , Madhushree K R , Bhargavi D 1, 2, 3, 4 Department of Information Science & Engineering, Adichun chanagiri Institute of Technology, Chickmagalur, Karnataka, India.: An Online Voting System Using Biometric Fingerprint and Aadhaar Card (4 May 2014).

[4] Report of the National Workshop on Internet Voting: Issues and Research Agendas, Internet Policy Institute, Sponsored by the National Science Foundation, Conducted in cooperation with the University of Maryland and hosted by the Freedom Forum (March 2001).

[5] ShalabhAgarwal1 Department of Computer Science, St. Xavier’s college Autonomous), Kolkata, India. AsokeNath2 Department of Computer Science, St. Xavier’s college (Autonomous), Kolkata, India. Dipayan Chowdhury3 Academic Counsellor, IGNOU, S.C.2802, Kolkata, India : A Framework for exercising voting rights from anywhere using ICT infrastructure paper (Journal of Global Research in Computer Science Journal of Global Research in Computer Science)(3, March 2011)

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